Agilent 37717C User’s Guide Dsn/Sonet Operation

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HP 37717C Communications Performance Analyzer

User’s Guide Dsn/Sonet Operation

 Copyright HewlettPackard Ltd.1998

HP Part No. 37717-90403

First edition, 03/98 Printed in U.K.

Warranty

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose.

Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

WARNING

Warning Symbols Used on the Product

The product is marked with this symbol when the user should refer to the instruction manual in order to protect the apparatus against damage.

The product is marked with this symbol to indicate that hazardous voltages are present

The product is marked with this symbol to indicate that a laser is ﬁtted. The user should refer to the laser safety information in the Calibration Manual.

Hewlett-Packard Limited Telecommunications Networks Test Division South Queensferry West Lothian, Scotland EH30 9TG

User’s Guide:DSn/Sonet Operation

HP 37717C Communications Performance Analyzer

About This Book

This book tells you how to select the features that you want to use for your test.

The selections available are presented in the following groups:

• Transmit and receive interfaces

• Test features, for example, the addition of errors and alarms to the test signal

• Measurements including test timing

• Storing, logging and printing results with general printer information

• Using instrument and disk storage

• Using the “Other” features.

The selections available will depend on the options ﬁtted to your instrument. The examples given in this book cover all options and therefore may include selections which are not available on your instrument.

NOTE If you intend using the instrument for SDH operation please

refer to User’s Guide (part number 37717-90402). The contents are similar to this manual but with SDH terminology used in place of SONET terminology.

Contents

1 Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Transmit Interface 2 Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface 4 Setting SONET Transmit Interface 6 Setting Jitter Transmit Interface 9 Setting Wander Transmit Interface 10 Selecting the Physical Transmit Interface for ATM Payloads 12 Setting SONET THRU Mode 14 Using Autosetup 16 Setting PDH Receive Interface 18 Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface 20 Setting SONET Receive Interface 21 Setting Jitter Receive Interface 23 Selecting the Physical Receive Interface for ATM payloads 25

2 Selecting Test Features

Using Transmit Overhead Setup 28 Using Receive Overhead Monitor 30 Setting Overhead Trace Messages 32 Generating Overhead Sequences 33 Using Receive Overhead Capture 35 Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal 37 Adding Frequency Offset to the PDH Signal 39 Setting up Signaling Bits 40 Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or

110) 43 Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal 45 Connecting A Telephone Handset 47

Contents

Setting Transmit N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal 48 Setting Receive N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal 50 Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal 52 Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal 54 Selecting ATM Cell Stream Payload 56 Selecting ATM Cell Stream Timing Distribution 57 Selecting ATM Cell Stream Headers and Interface 58 Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface 59 Adding Errors & Alarms to the PDH Interface/PDH Payload 60 Using FEAC Codes in the HP 37717C 62 Adding ATM Errors and Alarms 65 Setting PDH Spare Bits 66 Adding Pointer Adjustments 67 T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained 69 Using Pointer Graph Test Function 75 Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits 77 Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages 78 Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel 79

3 Making Measurements

Using Overhead BER Test Function 82 Test Timing 83 Making SONET Analysis Measurements 84 Making PDH Analysis Measurements 85 Measuring Jitter 87 Measuring Wander 89 Measuring Frequency 91

Contents

Measuring Optical Power 92 Measuring Round Trip Delay 93 Monitoring Signaling Bits 95 Measuring Service Disruption Time 97 Performing an SONET Tributary Scan 99 Performing a SONET Alarm Scan 101 Performing a PDH Alarm Scan 103 Selecting the ATM Measurement Parameters 104 Making ATM Measurements 106 Measuring Cell Transfer Delay and Cell Delay Variation 107 Measuring ATM Non-Conforming cells and one-point Cell Delay Variation. 109 Monitoring ATM Alarms 110

4 Storing, Logging and Printing

Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store 112 Recalling Stored Graph Results 113 Viewing the Bar Graph Display 115 Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries 117 Logging Graph Displays 119 Logging Results 120 Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer 123 Logging Results to HP-IB Printer 124 Logging Results to Internal Printer 125 Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer 126 Printing Results from Disk 127 Connecting an HP DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port 128 Changing Internal Printer Paper 129 Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head 132

vii

Contents

5 Using Instrument and Disk Storage

Storing Conﬁgurations in Instrument Store 134 Storing Current Conﬁgurations on Disk 135 Setting up a Title for Conﬁgurations in Instrument Store 136 Recalling Conﬁgurations from Instrument Store 137 Formatting a Disk 138 Labeling a Disk 139 Managing Files and Directories on Disk 140 Adding Descriptors to Disk Files 144 Saving Graphics Results to Disk 145 Saving Data Logging to Disk 147 Recalling Conﬁguration from Disk 148 Recalling Graphics Results from Disk 149 Copying Conﬁguration from Instrument Store to Disk 150 Copying Conﬁguration from Disk to Instrument Store 151 Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 152 Deleting a File on Disk 154 Deleting a Directory on Disk 155 Renaming a File on Disk 156 Creating a Directory on Disk 157

6 Selecting and Using "Other" Features

Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings 160 Suspending Test on Signal Loss 161 Setting Time & Date 162 Enabling Keyboard Lock 163 Enabling Beep on Received Error 164 Enabling Analysis Control 165

viii

Contents

Setting Error Threshold Indication 166 Dumping Display to Disk 167 Setting Screen Brightness and Color 169 Running Self Test 170

7 STS-1 SPE Background Patterns

8 ETSI/ANSI Terminology

ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms 178

Index

Contents

1 Setting the Interfaces

This chapter tells you how to set the instrument interfaces to match the network being tested.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Transmit Interface

Description PDH transmit interface settings should match network equipment

settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload to be tested.

TIP: To set the Transmitter and Receiver to the same interface settings

choose .

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED

Option Differences

If Option 110 is ﬁtted the following SIGNAL rates and TERMINATION choices apply:

2 Mb/s - Termination 75 Ω UNBAL or 120Ω BAL 34 Mb/s - ﬁxed 75Ω UNBAL DS1 - 100 Ω BAL; select LINE CODE from AMI or B8ZS, and OUTPUT LEVEL from DSX-1 or DS1-LO. DS3 - 75Ω UNBAL; LINE CODE ﬁxed B3ZS; select OUTPUT LEVEL from DS3-HI, DSX-3 or DS3-900’.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Transmit Interface

HOW TO: 1 Choose the required PDH SIGNAL rate.

If Option 110 is ﬁtted, rates of 34Mb/s, 2Mb/s, DS1 and DS3 are available. If Option UKJ is ﬁtted rates of 2, 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s are available.

2 If Option UH3, Binary Interfaces is ﬁtted, choose the INTERFACE

required. See "Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface " page 4.

3 Choose the required clock synchronization source (CLOCK SYNC).

If Option UH3, Binary Interfaces is ﬁtted, the clock can be derived from an external binary input. If Option A3K, Jitter and Wander Generator, is ﬁtted and 2 Mb/s Signal rate is chosen the clock can be derived from an external 2 Mb/s signal connected to the 2M REF IN port of the Jitter Generator module.

4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, choose the required

impedance (TERMINATION). At all other rates the impedance is ﬁxed. See Option Differences on previous page.

5 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or 8 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate,

choose the required coding (Line Code). At 34 Mb/s and 140 Mb/s coding is ﬁxed. See Option Differences.

6 If required choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value.

See “Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal” page 37

7 Choose the required Payload Type.

If Structured is chosen the PDH test signal must be set up. See “Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or

110)” page 43. If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, the Framed choice is expanded to provide a menu of 2 Mb/s framing types.

8 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS POLARITY.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface

Description Option UH3, Binary Interfaces, provides binary NRZ interface for PDH

measurements. The interfaces can operate at any of the standard rates ±100 ppm. PDH transmit binary interface settings should match the network equipment thresholds and polarity requirements for the binary interfaces

Variable Rate Binary Interface

If your instrument also includes Option UKK, variable rate binary interface is available. This allows you to select ﬁxed rates that are different from standard telecom rates, and also to vary frequency over a wide range. Applications include component test, testing satellite and cable networks and testing PDH digital radios. A Product Note is available (part number 5965-4885E) which explains the use of a variable rate binary interface in the testing of PDH digital radios.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface

HOW TO: 1 Set up the PDH transmit Interface as required. See "Setting PDH

Transmit Interface " page 2. If INTERFACE [BINARY] is chosen on the

PDH MAIN SETTINGS

display, threshold and polarity choices are available for Data and Clock. If INTERFACE [CODED] is chosen on the

PDH MAIN SETTINGS

display, threshold and polarity choices are available for Clock only.

2 Choose the required thresholds.

EXT CLOCK polarity and threshold choices are only available if CLOCK SYNC [EXT BIN] is chosen on the

PDH MAIN SETTINGS

display.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting SONET Transmit Interface

Description SONET transmit interface settings should match the network

equipment settings of Rate, Wavelength and Mapping, determine the payload to be tested and set background conditions to prevent alarms while testing.

TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same

interface settings choose .

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED

HOW TO: 1 Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.

If an optical rate is chosen, choose the required wavelength [1550] or [1310]. If a BINARY rate is chosen, choose the required clock and data polarity. If STS-1 is chosen, choose the required interface level. Choose INTERNAL unless THRU MODE is required.

2 Make your choice of CLOCK synchronization source. The RECEIVE

clock sync choice depends on the SONET Receive Interface choice.

3 If required choose the CLOCK (FREQUENCY) OFFSET value. 4 Choose FOREGROUND , BACKGROUND

F/G MAPPING

Setting the Interfaces

Setting SONET Transmit Interface

B/G MAPPING

MAPPING and type of payload. DS1 and DS3 are valid payload type choices if Option UKJ, Structured PDH or Option 110 DSn SPDH, is ﬁtted.

Mapping may be selected from a pictorial display by moving the cursor to MAPPING and pressing .

OC-n/STS-n

x3/12

OC-1/STS-1

SET

SONET ROCKET DIAGRAM

STS-12c SPE

x1/4

STS-3c SPE

STS-1 SPE

VTg

Bulk Filled Bulk Filled

E4 Async

E3 Async

DS3

Bulk Filled

VT6

VT2

VT1.5

Bulk Filled

E1 Async

E1 Float

Bulk Filled

DS1 Async

Use and to move between STS Layer Selection, VT Layer Selection and Payload Layer Selection. Use and to set the mapping and to set your selection.

SET

5 If VT-6 mapping is chosen, VT CONCATENATION selection is

enabled, choose OFF or the tributary at which the concatenation begins, VT6-2C through VT6-6C. The BACKGROUND, PATTERN IN OTHER VT2’s is ﬁxed at NUMBERED, that is, each VT-6 contains a unique number to allow identiﬁcation in case of routing problems.

6 If VT-2, or VT1.5 mapping is chosen, choose the test tributary

CHANNEL. Including the STS-3 for an STS-12 signal.

7 Choose the payload framing under PAYLOAD TYPE or VT PA YLOAD .

STRUCTURED and INSERT are available if Option UKJ , Structured PDH or Option 110 DSn SPDH is ﬁtted.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting SONET Transmit Interface

If STRUCTURED is chosen, the Payload test signal must be set-up. See “Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or 110)” page 43.

If INSERT is chosen, see “Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal” page 52.

8 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.

NOTE If interfacing at STS-1 with a user word pattern chosen then a false frame

synchronization may occur. This is due to the effect of the standard ITU-T G.707 scrambling used at STS-1 when applied to a ﬁxed payload. The scrambler may produce a false (F628) frame synchronization from the ﬁxed payload. At STS-1 only a single F628 pattern is available for frame synchronization. If the false pattern is detected by the receiver this will result in frame synchronization being indicated but multiple alarms will occur . If this condition is suspected, change the PATTERN choice to PRBS and check that the multiple alarms are cleared when proper frame synchronization is achieved.

9 If required, choose 2M/DS3/34M/140M OFFSET value. 10 If 2 Mb/s framing PCM30 or PCM30CRC is chosen, set the CAS ABCD

bit value.

11 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) SPE’s.

Refer to Appendix A "STS-1 SPE Background P atterns " page 176 for a table of background patterns for STS-1 SPE.

12 If VT-2 mapping is chosen for the test SPE, choose the PATTERN IN

OTHER VT-2s.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting Jitter Transmit Interface

Description: You can add jitter to the transmitted PDH or SONET signal at all ANSI

rates. You can source the jitter modulation internally or from an external source.

HOW TO: 1 If you are adding jitter to the PDH signal, set up the PDH transmit

interface. See "Setting PDH Transmit Interface " page 2. If you are adding jitter to the SONET signal, set up the SONET

transmit interface. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 6.

2 Choose JITTER/WANDER [JITTER].

If you wish to add wander to the PDH or SONET signal, see "Setting Wander Transmit Interface " page 10.

3 Choose JITTER [ON]. 4 Choose the modulation source.

If EXTERNAL is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN port of the JITTER TX module. Up to 10 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN port.

5 Choose the jitter range, jitter modulating frequency and jitter

amplitude.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting Wander Transmit Interface

Description: You can add Wander to the 2 Mb/s PDH signal and the STS-3 and

STS-12 SONET signal. An external 2 Mb/s clock must be connected to the 2M REF IN port of the Jitter TX module.

HOW TO: 1 Connect an external 2 Mb/s clock to the 2M REF port of the Jitter TX

module.

2 If you are adding jitter to the 2 Mb/s PDH signal set up the PDH

transmit interface and choose CLOCK SOURCE [EXT JITTER]. See

"Setting PDH Transmit Interface " page 2. If you are adding jitter to the STS-3 or STS-12 SONET signal set up the SONET transmit interface and choose an external CLOCK SOURCE. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 6.

3 Choose JITTER/WANDER [WANDER].

If you wish to add jitter to the PDH or SONET signal, see "Setting Jitter Transmit Interface " page 9.

4 Choose WANDER [ON].

Setting the Interfaces

Setting Wander Transmit Interface

5 Choose the modulation source.

If EXTERNAL is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN port of the JITTER TX module. Up to 10 UI of external wander modulation can be added at the MOD IN port.

6 Choose the wander range, modulating frequency and amplitude.

Setting the Interfaces

Selecting the Physical Transmit Interface for ATM Payloads

Description ATM transmit physical layer settings should match the network

equipment settings in the same way as the SDH and PDH transmit interfaces. The Interface selections available are determined by the PDH/DSn and SDH modules ﬁtted to your instrument.

Your selections are automatically transferred to the other TRANSMIT displays. Selection of STM-4 OPTICAL signal at the ATM PHYSICAL LAYER will cause the transmitter output SDH to change to STM-4 OPTICAL.

TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same

interface settings choose .

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED

HOW TO: 1 Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.

If an optical rate is chosen, choose the required wavelength. Choose INTERNAL unless THRU MODE is required. Jitter may be introduced into an STM-1, 140Mb/s, 32Mb/s or 2Mb/s signal with ATM payload if THRU MODE is chosen.

2 Make your choice of CLOCK synchronization source. At SDH rates,

the RECEIVE clock sync choice is dependent upon the SDH Receive

Setting the Interfaces

Selecting the Physical Transmit Interface for ATM Payloads

Interface choice.

3 If the 2Mb/s rate is selected, select CRC-4 MULTIFRAME or

OFF

4 If the 140Mb/s or 34Mb/s rate is selected, select the TRAIL TRACE

message type: For the standard trail trace message”HP37717C” set TRAIL TRACE

to .

TEST

For a unique 15 character message, set TRAIL TRACE to

TIP: If is selected, use for a pop-up menu to select the message

USER

SET

USER

characters.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting SONET THRU Mode

Description THRU mode is used to non-intrusively monitor SONET lines where no

protected monitor points are available.

STS-1, STS-3

You can substitute a new payload, Transport Overhead (TOH) and Path Overhead (POH) in the received STS-1/3 signal for testing.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting SONET THRU Mode

STS-12

With Option 130 or 131, the overhead and payload may be overwritten for STS-3C. TOH overwrite is available for STS-12C. The Transmitter and receiver settings are automatically coupled in THRU MODE. To select STS-3C or STS-12C select and setup

RECEIVE

the receiver mapping as required.

HOW TO:

1 Make the PAYLOAD OVERWRITE choice required.

If STS-1, VT-6, VT-2 or VT1.5 is chosen, the B1, B2 and B3 BIPs are recalculated before transmission and the Mapping, Selected VT, VT Payload, Pattern, Tributary Offset and Pattern in other VT’s settings are displayed. To choose the settings in these, see "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 6, steps 4 through 10.

2 Make the TOH+POH OVERWRITE choice required.

Y ou can only modify those overhead bytes available under

SONET TEST FUNCTION SONET

: Errors & Alarms, Sequences,

TRANSMIT

Overhead BER, APS Messages, DCC Insert and Stress Test. The B1, B2 and B3 BIPs are recalculated before transmission.

Setting the Interfaces

Using Autosetup

Description The Autosetup function allows you to speed up the conﬁguration of the

instrument when making PDH, SDH or SONET measurements. Autosetup will search the interface chosen on the display

and attempt to conﬁgure the instrument to match the received signal. Autosetup will detect ATM or any of the PRBS patterns the transmitter can generate. ATM is considered to be a payload of PDH or SDH.

Both MONITOR and TERMINATE modes are tried in the search for a received signal.

HOW TO: 1 Connect the HP 37717C to the network and select the required

RECEIVE

2 Press .

The display will show an Autosetup HELP page.

interface on the HP 37717C.

AUTO SETUP

OTHER

RECEIVE

PDH Input

In PDH there are three framing possibilities for 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s, 8 Mb/ s and 2 Mb/s, (34Mb/s, DS3, 2M and DS1 for Option 110) namely Unframed Framed and Structured.

Setting the Interfaces

Using Autosetup

NOTE Structured is not covered by Autosetup because searching through a

PDH framing structure would take an unacceptable amount of time.

All line rates are searched for a signal. If a signal is found, a search for framing pattern is made. All possible framing structures are searched except for Structured.

If a framing pattern is found, a search for PRBS pattern is made.

SONET Input

If an STS-12 interface is chosen, the search will start on the STS-3 selected for test. All SONET line rates are searched for an electrical, optical or binary signal. If a signal is found, a search of payloads will start. The payload search starts with STS-12c SPE in STS-12 and continues with ATM, STS-1 SPE, VT-6, STS-3C, VT-2 and VT1.5. For each pa yload a search is made to ﬁnd a framing pattern. If a framing pattern is found, a search for PRBS patterns is made.

TIP: If it is known that the signal of interest is in a particular STS-3 e.g.

number 3, then the Autosetup search can be speeded up by setting the

RECEIVE

for a signal will then start in STS-3 number 3.

display MAPPING [FOREGROUND] to STS-3 [3]. The search

Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Receive Interface

Description PDH Receive interface settings should match the network equipment

settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload to be tested.

TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same

interface settings choose .

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED

HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL source.

2 If Binary Interfaces, Option UH3, is ﬁtted, choose the INTERFACE

required. See "Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface " page 20.

3 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, choose the required

impedance (TERMINATION). At all other rates the impedance is ﬁxed.

4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s or DS1 (Option 110) as the PDH

signal rate, choose the required LINE CODE. At 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s and DS3 coding is ﬁxed.

5 If you are measuring at the network equipment monitor point set the

LEVEL ﬁeld to MONITOR.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Receive Interface

6 The received signal will be 20 to 26 dB below the normal level. To

return the received signal to normal, choose the required GAIN level. The received signal may also require EQUALIZATION to compensate for cable losses.

7 Choose the required Payload Type.

If Structured is chosen, the PDH test signal must be set up. See “Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or

110)” page 43. If you choose 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, the Framed choice is expanded to provide a menu of 2 Mb/s framing types.

8 Choose the required PATTERN. 9 Choose the required PRBS POLARITY.

If your PRBS Polarity choice matches ITU-T Recommendation O .150, ITU is displayed alongside your choice.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface

Description PDH Receive binary interface settings should match the network

equipment threshold and polarity requirements for the binary interfaces.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the PDH receive interface required. See "Setting PDH Receive

Interface " page 18. If INTERFACE [CODED] is chosen, binary interfaces are not available.

2 If INTERFACE [BINARY] is chosen, then choose the required

THRESHOLDS and POLARITY for Clock and Data.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting SONET Receive Interface

Description SONET Receive interface settings should match the network equipment

settings of Rate and Mapping, and determine the payload to be tested.

TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same

interface settings, choose .

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED

HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL source.

If a BINARY rate is chosen, choose the required clock and data polarity. Choose mapping and type of payload. Note: If Option UKJ is ﬁtted then DS1 and DS3 payloads are unstructured. Option 110 offers fully structured DS1 and DS3 payloads.

2 If VT -6 mapping is chosen, and CONC ATENATION is enabled, choose

the tributary at which the concatenation begins, VT6-2C through VT66C. If VT-6, VT-2 or VT-1.5 mapping is chosen, choose the test tributary under CHANNEL.

3 Choose the payload framing under PAYLOAD TYPE or VT PA YLOAD .

STRUCTURED and DROP are only available if Option UKJ,

Setting the Interfaces

Setting SONET Receive Interface

Structured PDH or Option 110 DSn SPDH is ﬁtted. If STRUCTURED is chosen the Payload test signal must be set up . See “Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 45.

If DROP is chosen, see “Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal” page 54.

4 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.

NOTE If interfacing at STS-1 with a user word pattern chosen, then a false

frame synchronization may occur. This is due to the effect of the standard ITU-T G.707 scrambling used at STS-1 when applied to a ﬁxed payload. The scrambler may produce a false (F628) frame synchronization from the ﬁxed payload. At STS-1 only a single F628 pattern is available for frame synchronization. If the false pattern is detected by the receiver this will result in frame synchronization being indicated but multiple alarms will occur. If this condition is suspected, change the PATTERN choice to PRBS and check that the multiple alarms are cleared when proper frame synchronization is achieved.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting Jitter Receive Interface

Description: PDH Jitter and PDH error measurements are made simultaneously

when a PDH jitter measurement Option is ﬁtted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the PDH receiver and the interface selections are the normal PDH Receiver selections. The jitter receive interface is selected with JITTER.

SDH/SONET Jitter and SDH/SONET error measurements are isolated individual measurements. The SDH/SONET jitter measurement is made on an SDH/SONET input to the Jitter module and there is a speciﬁc receive interface displayed with .

The choices made on the jitter receive interface determine the jitter measurement range, the threshold level for determining a jitter hit and which ﬁlters are used in the jitter measurement.

RECEIVE

PDH

RECEIVE

SDH /SONET JIT

HOW TO: 1 Choose the RECEIVER RANGE - the jitter measurement range.

2 Choose the HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received jitter exceeds the

value chosen a jitter hit is recorded.

3 Choose the FIL TER you wish to inc lude in the peak to peak and RMS

jitter measurement.

Setting the Interfaces

Setting Jitter Receive Interface

4 If Option A3L, A3V or A3N, Jitter Receiver, is ﬁtted, an ADDITIONAL

RMS FILTER choice is provided. You may possibly require different ﬁlters to be connected for peak to peak and RMS measurements. The additional RMS ﬁlter choice allows you the choice of a 12 kHz (high pass) HP ﬁlter for RMS measurement only. If 12 kHz HP is chosen under FILTER, the additional RMS ﬁlter choice is not available.

Setting the Interfaces

Selecting the Physical Receive Interface for ATM payloads

Description ATM receive physical layer settings should match the network

equipment settings in the same way as the SDH and PDH receive interfaces. The Interface selections available are determined by the PDH/DSn and SDH modules ﬁtted to your instrument.

Your selections are automatically transferred to the other RECEIVE displays. For example selection of STM-4 OPTICAL signal at the ATM PHYSICAL LAYER will cause the receiver output SDH to change to STM-4 OPTICAL.

TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same

interface settings choose .

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED

HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL source.

2 For a 2Mb/s rate, select the TERMINATION and LINE CODE. 3 For a 2, 34 or 140Mb/s rate, select the TERMINATION. 4 For a 2Mb/s rate, select the CRC-4 MULTIFRAME. 5 For an STM-4 rate select the STM-1 UNDER TEST.

Setting the Interfaces

Selecting the Physical Receive Interface for ATM payloads

2 Selecting Test Features

Selecting Test Features

Using Transmit Overhead Setup

Description You can set an overhead byte to a known static state to aid in

troubleshooting, for example, to quickly check for "stuck bits" in path overhead bytes. Transport Overhead, Path Overhead and Trace Messages can be set using this feature.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.

2 Choose the type of overhead to SETUP.

If STS-12 is chosen as the SONET interface, choose the STS-3#, STS1# TOH you wish to set up. If STS-3 is chosen as the interface select the STS-1# TOH. If TRACE MESSAGES is chosen, see "Setting Overhead Trace Messages " page 32. DEFAULT - Use to set all overhead bytes to the standard values deﬁned by ITU-T. If a test function is active then the overhead byte value is determined by the choices made in the Test Function. For example if APS Messages is chosen, the K1K2 value is determined by

Selecting Test Features

Using Transmit Overhead Setup

the APS Messages setup.

3 If TOH (Transport Overhead) is chosen, choose the format to be

displayed from the STS-1# ﬁeld. If STS-1#1,2,3 is chosen, the hexadecimal value of all 81 bytes of the STS-1 transport overhead selected are displayed The values of the bytes can be set using

INCREASE DIGIT

If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the STS-1#1,2,3 overhead bytes are displayed.

4 If POH (Path Overhead) is chosen, choose the TYPE of overhead

within the STS-1 under test to be setup. J1 and J2 bytes can be set under Path Overhead or Trace Messages. H4 byte has a choice of sequences for VT-6, VT-2 and VT-1.5 (OptionOption 110) mapping:

Full Sequence - 48 byte binary sequence. Reduced Sequence - Binary count sequence of 0 to 3 i.e. 111111(00

to 11). COC1 Sequence - Binary count sequence of 0 to 3 i.e. 110000(00 to

11). H4 byte is transmitted as all zeros for 34Mb/s and DS3 (Option 110).

DECREASE DIGIT

NOTE Any bit of an overhead byte which is displayed as x or s cannot be set at

any time. All other bits can be set to 0 or 1.

TIP: You can set all overhead bytes to the default state by selecting SETUP

DEFAULT

You can set all overhead bytes and test functions to the default state by recalling Stored Settings [0] on the display.

OTHER

Selecting Test Features

Using Receive Overhead Monitor

Description When ﬁrst connecting to a SONET network, a start up conﬁdence check

can be made by viewing the behavior of all the overhead bytes. If the SONET network shows alarm indications, some diagnosis of the problem may be gained from viewing all the overhead bytes.The OVERHEAD MONITOR display is updated once per second (once per 8000 frames) approximately.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required.

2 Choose the type of overhead to MONITOR.

If TRACE MESSAGES is chosen, you can monitor a data message to verify portions of the network. If the 16 byte CRC7 message structure is detected, the 15 characters within the message are displayed. If the CRC7 structure is not detected in J1, the 64 byte message format is assumed and displayed. If the CRC7 structure is not detected for J0 or J2, all 16 bytes are displayed.

3 If TOH (Transport Overhead) is chosen, choose the format to be

displayed from the STS-1# ﬁeld. Bytes shown unlabeled have not yet been deﬁned.

Selecting Test Features

Using Receive Overhead Monitor

If STS-1#1,2,3 is chosen, the hexadecimal value of all 81 bytes of transport overhead is displayed and can be set using

DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT

If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the STS-1#1,2,3 overhead bytes is displayed.

4 If POH (Path Overhead) is chosen, choose the source of the overhead

SPE or VTSPE. J1 and J2 bytes can be monitored under Path Overhead or Trace Messages

5 If APS MESSAGES is chosen, choose the TOPOLOGY,

(G.253) or (G.1230). The K1 and K2 bits are monitored.

RING

LINEAR

6 If LABELS is chosen, the S1 sync status and STS path label (C2) are

monitored.

TIP: If any abnormal behavior is observed on a particular path or section

overhead byte, or an associated group of bytes (3xA1,3xA2; D1 - D3), the

RECEIVE

TEST FUNCTION

display of can be

OVERHEAD CAPTURE

used to "Zoom" in on the suspect byte or bytes on a frame by frame basis. See "Using Receive Overhead Capture " page 35.

Selecting Test Features

Setting Overhead Trace Messages

Description You can insert a data message to verify portions of the network:

J0 veriﬁes the section overhead. J1 veriﬁes the STS-1 SPE or STS-3c SPE path connection. J2 veriﬁes the VT- SPE path connection.

Selecting Test Features

Generating Overhead Sequences

Description You may insert a pattern into a functional group of overhead bytes for

testing or troubleshooting purposes.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.

2 Choose the type of sequence required.

SINGLE RUN - runs the sequence once and then stops. REPEAT RUN - runs the sequence repeatedly until STOPPED is chosen.

3 Choose the overhead type as required.

SOH- Section Overhead LOH- Line Overhead POH - Path Overhead

4 Choose the byte or bytes of overhead required. 5 Set up the required number of data patterns and the number of

frames in which each data pattern should appear. Y our sequence is derived from up to 5 blocks of hexadecimal data. Each block can be transmitted in up to 64,000 frames.

The data and the number of frames are set using

DECREASE DIGIT

Selecting Test Features

Generating Overhead Sequences

INCREASE DIGIT

6 Start the sequence by choosing [STARTED].

Selecting Test Features

Using Receive Overhead Capture

Description Section, Line and Path overhead provide network support functions,

responding dynamically to network conditions and needs. It is therefore useful to capture overhead activity on a frame by frame basis.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the receive SONET interface and payload as required.

2 Choose the overhead type as required.

SOH- Section Overhead LOH- Line Overhead

POH- Path Overhead 3 Choose the Byte or bytes of overhead to be captured. Choose the TRIGGER to determine the start point of the capture. -

starts immediately the capture is initiated. Can be used to provide a frame by frame monitor of the chosen byte or bytes.

-captures activity after your speciﬁed overhead state has occurred.

Can be used for transient detection from a speciﬁed expected state.

ON NOT

your speciﬁed overhead state. Can be used for transient detection from a speciﬁed expected state.

4 Up to 16 records of overhead state are provided. Each record will

represent between 1 and 64,000 frames. A capture is started by

- captures activity after the ﬁrst occurrence of a deviation from

OFF

Selecting Test Features

Using Receive Overhead Capture

pressing CAPTURE and terminates when up to 16 records

ST ARTED

have been captured. The capture can be terminated earlier by pressing CAPTURE .

STOPPED

Selecting Test Features

Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal

Description Frequency offset can be added to the SONET interface rate signal and to

the payload signal.

HOW TO: SONET Line Rate Offset

Choose the amount of frequency offset required. You can set the Frequency Offset in the range -999 ppm to +999 ppm in 1 ppm steps using and . The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while measurements are taking place. If the value of the SONET line rate offset chosen is sufﬁcient to cause the maximum stuff rate to be exceeded, the asynchronous payload is offset to prevent bit errors occurring and the maximum stuff rate is maintained. When Floating Byte 2 Mb/s is chosen, in conjunction with SONET line rate offset, the chosen tributary will be offset as the line rate is offset. (No pointer movements).

DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT

Selecting Test Features

Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal

Tributary Offset ±100 ppm

Choose the amount of tributary offset required. You can set the Offset in the range -100 ppm to +100 ppm in 1 ppm steps using and .

DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT

The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while measurements are taking place. Tributary offset affects the stuff rate but does not cause pointer movements and can be used to test mapping jitter. If the combined value of SONET line rate offset and tributary offset chosen is sufﬁcient to cause the maximum stuff rate to be exceeded the payload is offset to prevent bit errors occurring and the maximum stuff rate is maintained.

Selecting Test Features

Adding Frequency Offset to the PDH Signal

Description You can add Frequency Offset to the interface PDH signal at all rates.

Frequency Offset can be added at preset ITU values or as User deﬁned values in the range ±100 ppm.

The preset value changes according to the PDH signal rate chosen.: 2 Mb/s - ±50 ppm

8 Mb/s - ±30 ppm 34 Mb/s - ±20 ppm 140 Mb/s - ±15 ppm

For Option 110 instruments 34 Mb/s , 2Mb/s and DS1 32 ppm and DS3 20 ppm are available.

HOW TO: Choose the amount of frequency offset required.

If USER OFFSET is chosen you can set the Frequency Offset in the range -100 ppm to +100 ppm in 1 ppm steps using

INCREASE DIGIT

The amount of applied Frequency Offset can be varied while measurements are taking place.

and .

DECREASE DIGIT

Selecting Test Features

Setting up Signaling Bits

Description The HP 37717C receiver can be used to monitor the state of signaling

bits in received 2 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS (PCM30 or PCM30CRC) multiframing, structured or unstructured, and also in DS1 framed and structured signals (Option 110 instruments).

The HP 37717C transmitter can be conﬁgured to generate these signals and the state of the signaling bits deﬁned by the user, as follows:

2.048 Mb/s Signal When transmitting 2.048 Mb/s signals with timeslot-16 CAS (PCM30 or PCM30CRC) multiframing the state of A,B,C ,D signaling bits can be set. The signaling bits of all timeslots are set to the user-deﬁned 4 bit value.

DS1 Signal (Option 110)

HOW TO Transmit a 2 Mb/s signal with user-deﬁned signaling

When transmitting a DS1 framed, structured signal the values of the A,B signaling bits for D4 and SLC-96 payloads, and A,B,C,D signaling bits for ESF payloads can be deﬁned. signaling is not offered for a 64 kb/s or Nx64 kb/s Test Signal.

bits

PDH Operation

When transmitting a 2.048 Mb/s signal, (or a 2.048 Mb/s signal as part of a higher rate structured signal, i.e. 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s or 8 Mb/s) the A,B,C,D signaling bits can be set.

1 On the HP 37717C press and select a PDH interface. 2 On the MAIN SETTINGS page select a 2 Mb/s SIGNAL and set the

PAYLOAD TYPE to PCM30 or PCM30CRC (structured or unstructured).

3 Set the 2M CAS ABCD bits as required. If you select an unstructured

payload the signaling bits are set up on the MAIN SETTINGS page; if structured is selected they are set up on the STRUCT’D SETTINGS page.

TRANSMIT

4 Press and set up the HP 37717C receiver interface to match

the signal being output from the HP 37717C transmitter.

RECEIVE

Selecting Test Features

Setting up Signaling Bits

SONET Operation

1 On the HP 37717C press and select an SONET interface.

TRANSMIT

2 On the MAIN SETTINGS page set MAPPING to ASYNC 2 Mb/s or FL

BYTE 2 Mb/s and set the VT PAYLOAD to PCM30 or PCM30CRC (structured or unstructured).

3 Set the CAS ABCD bits as required. If you select an unstructured

payload the signaling bits are set up on the MAIN SETTINGS page; if structured is selected they are set up on the STRUCT’D PAYLOAD page.

4 Press and setup the HP 37717C receiver interface to match

RECEIVE

the signal being output from the HP 37717C transmitter.

HOW TO Transmit a DS1 signal with user-deﬁned signaling bits

(Option 110 instruments)

PDH Operation

When transmitting a DS1 framed, structured signal or a DS3 signal structured down to DS1, the values of A,B signaling bits for D4 and SLC96 payloads, and the A,B,C,D signaling bits for ESF payloads can be set.

1 On the HP 37717C press and select a PDH interface. 2 On the MAIN SETTINGS page select a DS1 SIGNAL and set the

PAYLOAD TYPE to D4, ESF or SLC-96 and STRUCTURED.

3 On the STRUCT’D SETTINGS page set the TEST SIGNAL to 56 kb/s

or Nx56 kb/s

4 Set the A,B bits (for D4 and SLC-96) and A,B,C,D bits (for ESF) as

required. Press and set up the HP 37717C receiver

RECEIVE

interface to match the signal being output from the HP 37717C transmitter.

SONET Operation

1 On the HP 37717C press and select an SONET interface.

TRANSMIT

2 On the MAIN SETTINGS page set MAPPING to ASYNC DS1 and set

the VT PAYLOAD to D4, ESF or SLC-96 and STRUCTURED.

Selecting Test Features

Setting up Signaling Bits

3 On the STRUCT’D PAYLOAD page set the TEST SIGNAL to 56 kb/s

or Nx56 kb/s

4 Set the A,B bits (for D4 and SLC-96) and A,B,C,D bits (for ESF) as

required. Press and set up the HP 37717C receiver

RECEIVE

interface to match the signal being output from the HP 37717C transmitter.

Selecting Test Features

Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or 110)

Setting Transmit Structured Payload/ Test Signal (Options UKJ or 110)

Description Structured PDH Payload/Test Signal settings determine the SONET

payload or the PDH test signal to be tested and set any background (non test) conditions to prevent alarms while testing. Fully structured DS1 or DS3 payloads are only available if Option 110 is ﬁtted.

TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same

Payload settings, choose .

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL

OUPLED

HOW TO: 1 Choose the required Test Signal rate. If N X 64 kb/s (or N x 56 kb/s

Option 110) is chosen, see "Setting Transmit N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/ s) Structured Payload/Test Signal " page 48.

2 Choose the Framing pattern of the PAYLOAD.

If 2 Mb/s (or DS1 Option 110 instruments) TEST SIGNAL is chosen, INSERT 2 Mb/s (or INSERT DS1) is added to the menu. See

"Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal " page 52

3 Choose the test tributary within the structured payload under 34Mb,

8Mb, 2Mb, 64 kb ( (DS2, DS1, 56kb/s for Option 110 instruments).

Selecting Test Features

Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or 110)

4 If 64 kb/s TEST SIGNAL is chosen, HANDSET is available (this is

only available for Option UKJ;, and is not present in Option 110 instruments). See "Connecting A Telephone Handset " page 47.

5 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.

If your choice matches ITU-T Recommendation O.150, ITU is displayed alongside your choice.

6 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) tributaries.

If 64 kb/s or N X 64 kb/s (or 56 kb/s or Nx 56 kb/s for Option 110 instruments) TEST SIGNAL is chosen, the B/G PA TTERN in the non test timeslots is ﬁxed as NUMBERED, that is, eac h timeslot contains a unique number to allow identiﬁcation in case of routing problems.

Signaling

7 If a 2 Mb/s PAYLOAD is transmitted with timeslot-16 CAS

multiframing (PCM30 or PCM30CRC selected), set the CAS ABCD bit value. If a DS1 P AYLOAD is transmitted, signaling is only offered with 56 kb/s or nx56 kb/s Test Signals. Select the values of AB signaling for SF and SLC-96 formats and ABCD signaling for ESF. In SLC-96 mode choices are 0,1 or alternating. In D4 mode AB choices are 0,1. See "Setting up Signaling Bits " page 40.

Selecting Test Features

Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal

Setting Receive Structured Payload/ Test Signal

Description Structured PDH Payload/Test Signal settings determine the SONET

payload or the PDH test signal to be tested. Structured payloads are only available if Option UKJ structured PDH or Option 110, DS1, DS3, E1, E3 structured PDH is ﬁtted.

TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same

Payload settings, choose .

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS COUPLED

Option Differences

If Option 110 is ﬁtted a 2M or DS1 PAYLOAD is available depending on the SIGNAL selection on the Receiver MAIN SETTINGS page.

1 Choose the required Test Signal rate. If N X 64 kb/s (or Nx56 kb/s

Option 110) is chosen, see "Setting Receive N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal " page 50.

2 Choose the Framing pattern of the PAYLOAD.

If 2 Mb/s TEST SIGNAL is chosen, DROP 2 Mb/s is added to the menu. If DS1 TEST SIGNAL (Option 110) is chosen, DROP DS1 is added to the menu. See "Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal " page 54.

3 Choose the test tributary within the structured payload under 34Mb,

8Mb, 2Mb, 64 kb/s (DS2, DS1, 56 kb/s for Option 110 instruments).

Selecting Test Features

Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal

4 If 64 kb/s TEST SIGNAL is chosen, the HANDSET facility is available

(Option UKJ only). See "Connecting A Telephone Handset " page 47.

5 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.

If your choice matches ITU-T Recommendation O.150, ITU is displayed beside your choice.

Selecting Test Features

Connecting A Telephone Handset

Description: You can connect a telephone handset to a 64 kb/s voice channel for

communication (TALK & LISTEN) or testing (LISTEN ONLY) purposes. You can only connect a telephone handset if Option UKJ, Structured

PDH, is ﬁtted.

HOW TO: 1 Connect the telephone handset to the HANDSET port of the

Structured PDH module, Option UKJ.

2 Choose the voice channel (timeslot) under 34Mb, 8Mb, 2Mb, 64kb

or 8Mb, 2Mb, 64kb or 2M, 64kb.

3 Choose the HANDSET mode required.

TALK & LISTEN allows you to communicate with a handset at the other end of the network. LISTEN ONLY allows you to listen to the trafﬁc on the voice channel.

4 For B/G PATTERN and CAS ABCD BITS, see "Setting Transmit

Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or 110) " page 43.

Selecting Test Features

Setting Transmit N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal

Description Wideband services such as high speed data links and LAN

interconnection require a bandwidth greater than 64 kb/s but less than 2 Mb/s for example 128 kb/s or 384 kb/s. These wideband signals are sent in a 2 Mb/s frame by sharing the signal between multiple timeslots. N X 64kb/s structured payload allows a test pattern to be inserted across a number of Timeslots even if the chosen Timeslots are non-contiguous. Structured payloads are only available if Option UKJ, Structured PDH, or Option 110, DS1, DS3, E1, E3 structured PDH is ﬁtted.

Option Differences

HOW TO: 1 Choose the required Test Signal rate.

Option 110 provides a choice of Nx64 kb/s or Nx56 kb/s Test Signals with a DS1 payload. The Nx56 kb/s selection is similar to Nx64 kb/s except that the last bit in each timeslot is set to 1.

2 Choose the Framing pattern of the 2M or DS1 (Option 110) PA YLOAD . 3 Choose the test timeslots within the structured payload using

DESELECT ALL DESELECT SELECT

timeslot is chosen a * marks the chosen timeslot. In the example

and softkeys. As each

Selecting Test Features

Setting Transmit N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal

shown Timeslots 3, 5, 9, 25, 26, 27 are chosen for test.

4 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.

If your choice matches ITU-T Recommendation O.150, ITU is displayed alongside your choice.

5 The B/G PA TTERN in the non-test timeslots is ﬁxed as NUMBERED ,

that is, each timeslot contains a unique number to allow identiﬁcation in case of routing problems.

6 If 2 Mb/s framing PCM30 or PCM30CRC is chosen, set the CAS ABCD

bit value.

Signaling with a DS1 Payload Selected

7 If a DS1 PAYLOAD is transmitted signaling is only offered when a

56kb/s or Nx56kb/s TEST SIGNAL is selected. Select the values of DS1 D4 or DS1 SLC-96 AB BITS or DS1 ESF ABCD BITS as required. See "Setting up Signaling Bits " page 40.

Selecting Test Features

Setting Receive N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal

Description Wideband services such as high speed data links and LAN

interconnection require a bandwidth greater than 64 kb/s but less than 2 Mb/s e.g. 128 kb/s or 384 kb/s. These wideband signals are sent in a 2 Mb/s frame by sharing the signal between multiple timeslots. N X 64kb/s structured payload/test signal allows the test Timeslots to be chosen for error measurement even when the Timeslots are non contiguous. Structured payloads are only available if Option UKJ, Structured PDH, or Option 110 DS1, DS3, E1, E3 structured PDH is ﬁtted.

Option Differences

HOW TO: 1 Choose the required Test Signal rate.

Option 110 provides a choice of Nx64 kb/s or Nx56 kb/s Test Signals with a DS1 payload. The Nx56 kb/s selection is similar to Nx64 kb/s except that the last bit in each timeslot is set to 1.

2 Choose the Framing pattern of the 2M P AYLOAD or (DS1 PAYLOAD

Option 110).

Selecting Test Features

Setting Receive N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal

3 Choose the test timeslots within the structured payload using

DESELECT ALL DESELECT SELECT

and softkeys. As each timeslot is chosen a * marks the chosen timeslot. In the example shown Timeslots 3, 5, 9, 25, 26, 27 are chosen for test.

4 Choose the PA TTERN type and PRBS polarity. If your choice matches

ITU-T Rec. O.150, ITU is displayed alongside your choice.

Selecting Test Features

Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal

Inserting an External PDH Payload/ Test Signal

Description You can insert a PDH signal from external equipment into the SDH/

SONET signal as the test payload or insert 2 Mb/s or DS1 (Option110) into the structured PDH signal. You can only insert an external payload if Option UKJ, Structured PDH, or Option 110 DSn SPDH is ﬁtted. 140 Mb/s or 34 Mb/s (for Option UKJ) and DS3 or 34 Mb/s (for Option

110) can only be inserted if SDH/SONET is chosen as the interface level and the payload is not structured. 2 Mb/s or DS1 can be inserted into a non-structured or structured SDH/ SONET payload and into a structured PDH signal

Option Differenc

How To: Insert 34 Mb/s, DS3 & 140 Mb/s (SDH/SONET Only)

Option UKJ you can insert 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s and 2 Mb/s payloads. Options 110 you can insert 34 Mb/s DS3, 2 Mb/s and DS1 payloads

1 Connect the external payload to the 75Ω IN port of the PDH module. 2 Set up the required transmit SONET interface, and choose INSERT

Selecting Test Features

Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal

34 Mb/s, 140 Mb/s or DS3 as required on the

MAIN SETTINGS

display.

SONET

Insert 2 Mb/s/DS1 (Unstructured SDH/SONET Payload)

1 Connect the external payload to the MUX port of the PDH Tx module. 2 Set up the required transmit SONET interface, and choose INSERT

2Mb/s or INSERT DS1 (Option 110) on the display. On Option 110 instruments also select a LINE CODE .

SONET MAIN SETTINGS

Insert 2 Mb/s /DS1 (Structured SDH/SONET P ayload or Structured PDH)

1 Connect the external payload to the MUX port of the PDH Tx module. 2 If you chose a structured SONET Payload, set up the required

transmit SONET interface, and structured payload and then choose INSERT 2 Mb/s or INSERT DS1 (Option 110) on the

STRUCT’D PAYLOAD

On Option 110 instruments select the LINE CODE. If you chose a Structured PDH set up, select the required transmit PDH interface, set up the required PDH Test Signal interface and choose INSERT 2 Mb/s or INSERT DS1 (Option 110) on the

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

display.

SONET

PDH

Selecting Test Features

Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal

Description You can Drop a PDH signal from the received payload or drop 2 Mb/s or

DS1 (Option 110) from the structured PDH signal to external equipment for testing purposes. You can only Drop an external payload if Option UKJ, Structured PDH, or Option 110 DSn SPDH is ﬁtted.

140 Mb/s and 34 Mb/s (for Option UKJ) and DS3 or 34 Mb/s (for Option

110) can only be dropped if SDH/SONET is chosen as the receive interface and the payload is not structured.

2 Mb/s or DS1 can be dropped from a structured or non-structured SDH/ SONET payload and from a structured PDH signal.

HOW TO: Drop 34 Mb/s, DS3 & 140 Mb/s

1 Connect the 75Ω OUT port of the Tx PDH module to the external

equipment.

2 Set up the receive SONET interface, and choose DROP 34 Mb/s, DS3

or 140 Mb/s as required on the display. If you select DROP DS3, also select the output level from DS3-HI, DSX3 or DS3-900’.

SONET MAIN SETTINGS

Selecting Test Features

Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal

Drop 2 Mb/s /DS1 (Unstructured SDH/SONET P ayload)

1 Connect the DEMUX port of the PDH module to the external

equipment.

2 Set up the required transmit SONET interface, and choose DROP

2Mb/s or DS1 (Options 110/120) on the display.

SONET MAIN SETTINGS

Drop 2 Mb/s/DS1 (Structured SDH/SONET Payload or Structured PDH

1 Connect the DEMUX port of the PDH module to the external

equipment.

2 If you chose a structured SONET payload, set up the required receive

SONET interface, and structured payload and choose DROP 2 Mb/s or DROP DS1 (Option 110) on the display.

If you chose a structured PDH, set up the required receive PDH interface, set up the required receive Structured Pa yload/T est Signal and choose DROP 2 Mb/s or DROP DS1 (Option 110) on the

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

display.

SONET

STRUCT’D PAYLOAD

PDH

Selecting Test Features

Selecting ATM Cell Stream Payload

Description The test stream comprises: 1 Foreground (F/G) Channel, 3 Background

(B/G) Channels and the remaining cell opportunities which are ﬁlled with unassigned or idle cells.

HOW TO: 1 Select the payload which will be the subject of the test, the foreground

payload, in F/G PAYLOAD

For Delay measurements and Cell Misinsertion and Loss measurements you need to select . The PRBS runs continuously from cell to cell. With the

CROSS CELL

TEST CELL

cross cell PRBS, cell misinsertion or cell loss will cause pattern sync loss. With PRBS, the PRBS is restarted in every cell. Cell loss

SINGLE CELL

will NOT cause pattern sync loss but, of course, payload errors will be counted. The selection allows you to select your own ﬁxed byte in the

USER BYTE

foreground.

2 Select a background stream B/G STREAM 1,2 or 3 3 Select the byte to be used as a payload in the selected background

(B/G PAYLOAD).

4 Repeat the procedure for the other B/G STREAMS. 5 Select the remaining content of the cell stream FILL CELLS or

UNASSIGNED

IDLE

Selecting Test Features

Selecting ATM Cell Stream Timing Distribution

Description The foreground and background bandwidths and timing distribution are

selected to represent the service that you want to simulate.

HOW TO: 1 Select the foreground F/G bandwidth.

2 Select the background B/G #1, #2 and #3 bandwidths. 3 Select the foreground F/G DISTRIBUTION. This will depend on the

type of service to be simulated. For simulation of a Constant Bit Rate service, choose , for simulation of data transfer type services choose .

4 If F/G DISTRIBUTION is selected, an additional burst of

up to 2047 cells may be added by setting the ADD SINGLE BURST OF to the number of cells required and toggling to .

The selection for the remaining bandwidth, IDLE or UNASSIGNED, made on the CELL STREAM display is shown here.

PERIODIC

BURST

PERIODIC

CONTENTS

OFF ADD BURST

Selecting Test Features

Selecting ATM Cell Stream Headers and Interface

Description The components of the ATM cell stream headers and the interface UNI

or NNI are selectable. User Network Interface (UNI) is used between a LAN and a switch in the public network, Network Node Interface (NNI) is used between switches in the public network.

HOW TO: 1 Select the INTERFACE, UNI or NNI.

2 Set up the header for the cell which is the subject of the test F/G

HEADER: Generic Flow Control (GFC) - Applies to (UNI) only. Virtual Path Indicator(VPI), Virtual Channel Indicator(VCI), Payload Type Indicator (PTI) Congestion not experienced= 000, Congestion experienced= 010 Cell Loss Priority (CLP) - 0=High Priority - 1=Low Priority

3 Select a background stream B/G STREAM 1,2 or3. 4 Select the header for the selected background (B/G HEADER). 5 Repeat the procedure for the other B/G STREAMS. 6 Select the content of the ﬁll cells which will make up the remainder of

the cell stream. by selecting FILL CELLS - or .

IDLE UNASSIGNED

Selecting Test Features

Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface

Description Errors and alarms can be added to the SONET interface signal during

testing.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.

2 Choose the ERROR ADD TYPE and RATE required. If CV -L B2 errors

are added the RATE ﬁeld offers ERROR ALL, selectable rates and MSP THRESHOLD. When MSP THRESHOLD is selected the number of errors and time period are selectable.

3 Choose the ALARM TYPE.

Errors and Alarms can be added at the same time.

Selecting Test Features

Adding Errors & Alarms to the PDH Interface/PDH Payload

Description Errors and alarms can be added to the PDH payload signal during

testing.

HOW TO: 1 If SONET interface is chosen, set up the SONET transmit interface

and payload required. See “Description” page 6. If PDH interface is chosen, set up the PDH interface and payload required. See “Setting PDH Transmit Interface” page 2.

2 Choose the ERROR ADD TYPE and RATE required. The RATE can be

selected from a ﬁxed value or is user programmable. If you select USER PROGRAM you can select the error rate before enabling the errors. This feature is useful when doing error threshold testing.

3 Choose the ALARM TYPE.

Errors and Alarms can be added at the same time.

DS1 & DS3 Alarm Generation (Option 110 instruments)

The following alarms are generated when a PDH Payload is selected on the Transmitter TEST FUNCTION page for DS1 and DS3 signals.

Selecting Test Features

Adding Errors & Alarms to the PDH Interface/PDH Payload

DS1 Signal LOS: The output signal is turned off (not available when mapped into

SONET/SDH).

DS1 OOF:- The selected framing is turned off DS1 AIS: - Unfamed all ones is transmitted DS1 RAI/YELLOW:

ESF: The 4 kHz data link carries a repetitive 8-zeros/8 ones pattern as

deﬁned in Bellcore TA 194.

D4(SF), SLC-96: Bit 2 of every timeslot is set to ‘0’.

DS3 LOS: - The output signal is turned off (not available when mapped into

SONET/SDH

DS3 OOF: - The F framing bits are set to 0

DS3 AIS: - Generates a 1010....sequence.

DS3 IDLE: - 1100 repeating pattern. DS3 RAI/X-BIT:- The X1, X2 bits are set to 00. Also known as a Remote

Defect Indicator (RDI) FEAC Codes: - With CBIT Payload Type selected on the Transmitter

MAIN SETTINGS page the HP 37717C can transmit DS3 FEAC codes. Refer to the following page for an explanation of FEAC codes and how to use them with the HP 37717C.

Selecting Test Features

Using FEAC Codes in the HP 37717C

Description The third C-Bit in subframe 1 is used as a FEAC channel, where alarm

or status information from the far-end terminal can be sent back to the near-end terminal. The channel is also used to initiate DS3 and DS1 line loopbacks at the far-end terminal from the near-end terminal.

The codes are six digits long and are embedded in a 16 bit code word; the format is 0XXXXXX011111111

To transmit an FEAC code (Option 110 instruments)

1 Select a DS3 Signal and C-BIT framing on the Transmitter MAIN

SETTINGS page.

2 Select the TEST FUNCTION page and set the ALARM TYPE to DS3

FEAC. The following Figure gives an example of the HP 37717C display conﬁgured to generate a FEAC message.

When an FEAC code is not being transmitted the all ones pattern is transmitted.

3 Choose the FEAC CODE TYPE (LOOPBACK or ALARM STATUS). If

you chose LOOPBACK proceed to step 4; if not proceed to step 7.

Selecting Test Features

Using FEAC Codes in the HP 37717C

4 Choose the MESSAGE from the choices displayed. If you chose a DS1

message an additional ﬁeld to the right of the DS1 MESSAGE is displayed. Position the cursor on this ﬁeld and select ALL or SINGLE CHANNEL. If you choose SINGLE CHANNEL use the EDIT keys to select a channel from 1 to 28. Press when ﬁnished.

END EDIT

5 Set the REPEAT (TIMES) ﬁelds LOOP and MESS, as required, both

can be set in the range 1 to 15.

6 Select TRANSMIT NEW CODE and press the key to transmit

BURST

the selected FEAC message.

7 Continue here if you selected ALM/STATUS, FEAC CODE TYPE.

Select a MESSAGE from the choices displayed; use the key to access more selections. Select if you wish to deﬁne an

USER CODE

FEAC message. The FEAC message comprises a repeating 16 bit codeword consisting of 0xxxxxx011111111 (where x is user-deﬁnable, 0 or 1). Use the EDIT keys to deﬁne the FEAC codeword.

8 Set the BURST LENGTH (TIMES) to CONTINUOUS or BURST. If

you select BURST use the EDIT keys to select the BURST LENGTH (selectable from 1 to 15). Press the END EDIT key when ﬁnished.

9 Position the cursor on TRANSMIT NEW CODE and select ON or

BURST (choice depends upon selection in BURST LENGTH ﬁeld).

Selecting Test Features

Using FEAC Codes in the HP 37717C

To View FEAC Messages Transmitted

The FEAC message you transmit can be viewed on the PDH RESULTS display if the Receiver settings match those of the Transmitter (i.e. select DS3 and CBIT Payload on Receiver). The following ﬁgure gives an example of a FEAC Message on the Results page.

Selecting Test Features

Adding ATM Errors and Alarms

Description ATM errors and alarms may be introduced into the cell stream.

HOW TO: 1 Select TEST FUNCTION

2 Select the ERROR ADD TYPE. To check header error correction capability, choose to

introduce single Header Error Control errors To check the detection and discard operation of devices, choose

DOUBLE HEC

to introduce double Header Error Control errors.

To introduces bit errors into the atm payload, choose .

3 For and errors, select the STREAM,

SINGLE HEC DOUBLE HEC

foreground or foreground and background . When is selected, a burst may be added and used to check

F/G CELLS ALL CELLS

ALL CELLS

the header alignment algorithm.

4 Select the error add RATE. 5 Select OAM ALARM TYPE.

ATM PAYLOAD

SINGLE HEC

BIT

Selecting Test Features

Setting PDH Spare Bits

Description Certain Spare Bits will cause the occurrence of a minor alarm when

received as a logical "0".: 140 Mb/s - FAS Bit 14

34 Mb/s - FAS Bit 12 8 Mb.s - FAS Bit 12 2 Mb/s - NFAS Timeslot (timeslot 0 of NFAS frame) Bit 0

HOW TO: 1 If SONET interface is chosen, set up the SONET transmit interface

and payload required. See “Description” page 6. If PDH interface is chosen, set up the PDH transmit interface and payload required. See “Setting PDH Transmit Interface” page 2.

2 Set the value of the spare bits required for testing.

If a BIT SEQUENCE is required, choose SEND SEQUENCE [ON] to transmit the sequence.

Selecting Test Features

Adding Pointer Adjustments

Description The transmitted SPE or VT pointer value can be adjusted for testing

purposes.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See

“Description” page 6.

2 Choose the POINTER TYPE. 3 Choose the ADJUSTMENT TYPE required.

BURST - You determine the size of the burst by the number of PLACES chosen. If, for example, you choose 5 PLACES the pointer value will be stepped 5 times in unit steps e.g. 0 (start value), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (ﬁnal value). The interval between steps is as follows: The SPE pointer minimum spacing between adjustments is 500 us. For VT pointers the minimum spacing between adjustments is 2 ms. Choose ADJUST POINTER [ON] to add the chosen burst.

NEW POINTER - Y ou can choose a pointer value in the range 0 to 782 with or without a New Data Flag. The current pointer value is displayed for information purposes. Choose ADJUST POINTER [ON] to transmit the new pointer value.

Selecting Test Features

Adding Pointer Adjustments

OFFSET - You can frequency offset the line rate or the SPE/VT rate, relative to each other , thus producing pointer movements . If you offset the SPE pointer , an 87:3 sequence of pointer movements is generated. The available conﬁgurations are listed in the following table. If you are currently adding Frequency Offset to the SONET interface or payload, pointer OFFSET is not available.

Pointer Type Line Rate SPE Rate VT Rate

SPE Constant Offset Tracks SPE Payload SPE Offset Constant Constant

VT Constant Constant Offset VT Offset Tracks Line Rate Constant

T1.105/GR-253 - Provides pointer movements according to T1.105 and GR-253:

If you are familiar withT1.105/GR-253 pointer sequences proceed to steps 4 and 5; if not refer to the text given in the following pages for explanations of the pointer sequences offered, and the mapping selections required to enable particular pointer sequences.

4 Select the T1.105/GR-253 ADJUSTMENT TYPE from the choices

given, then select the POLARITY, INTERVAL and PA TTERN (where applicable) for the selected sequence.

5 Choose POINTER SEQUENCES [START INIT] to generate the

selected T1.105/GR-253 sequence and [STOP INIT] to stop the pointer sequence.

Selecting Test Features

T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained

In addition to the BURST, NEW POINTER and OFFSET pointer movements described, the HP 37717C can also generate pointer sequences (pointer movements) according to T1.105.03 and GR-253.

Before running a pointer sequence you can elect to run an initialization sequence, followed by a cool down period, and then run the chosen sequence. This is selected using the START INIT softkey shown in the display on the previous page. Initialized pointer sequences are made up of three periods: the Initialization Period, the Cool Down P eriod, and the Sequence (Measurement) Period, an example is given in the following ﬁgure:

Non Periodic Sequence

Periodic Sequence

Initialization Sequence

Initialization

No Pointer Activity

Continuous Sequence

Cool Down

Sequence

Time

Measurement

Period

Note: SINGLE (A1), BURST (A2) and PHASE TRANSIENT(A3) are Non Periodic Sequences.

Initialization Period

For SINGLE A1, BURST A2 and PHASE TRANSIENT A3 sequences the initialization sequence consists of 60 seconds of pointer adjustments applied at a rate of 2 adjustments per second and in the same direction as the speciﬁed pointer sequence.

Cool Down Period

A period following the initialization period which for SINGLE e), BURST f) and PHASE TRANSIENT sequences is 30 seconds long when no pointer activity is present.

Selecting Test Features

T1.105 A4 and A5, 87-3 Pattern

T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained

Sequence (Measurement) Period

The period following the Cool Down period where the speciﬁed pointer sequence runs continuously.

Periodic Test Sequences

For periodic test sequences (for example “PERIODIC ADD ”) both the 60 second initialization and 30 second cool down periods consist of the same sequence as used for the subsequent measurement sequence. If the product of the period T and the selected Optional background pattern (87+3 or 26+1) exceeds 60 seconds then the longer period is used for the initialization. For example, if T is set for 10 seconds then the initialization period may be extended to 900 seconds.

The HP 37717C displays a message indicating which phase (initialization, cool down or measurement) the transmitter is currently generating.

NOTE The following conditions apply for pointer sequence generation:

The sequences can only be applied to the SPE pointer when the SPE does not contain a VT structure, otherwise it is applied to the VT pointer. Pointer sequence generation is not available when a frequency offset is being applied to the Line Rate.

The following ﬁgure gives an example of a T1.105/GR-253, 87-3 Pointer Sequence.

Pointer Adjustment

No Pointer Adjustment

An Example of a Pointer Sequence

Start of Next 87-3 Pattern

Selecting Test Features

T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained

Pointer Sequence Description

T1.105 A1 SINGLE GR-253 5-29

T1.105 A2 BURST OF 3 GR-253 5-30

T1.105 A3 PHASE TRANSIENT GR-253 5031

T1.105 A4 PERIODIC NORMAL (87-3 Pattern) GR-253 5-33(b)

T1.105 A4 PERIODIC NORMAL (Continuous Pattern) GR-253 5-34(b)

GR-253 5-32(b) PERIODIC NORMAL (26-1 Pattern)

Periodic Single adjustments, all of the same polarity which is selectable. Separation between pointer adjustments is ﬁxed at approximately 30 seconds.

Periodic bursts of 3 adjustments, all of the same polarity which is selectable. The interval between bursts is ﬁxed at approximately 30 seconds. The interval between adjustments within a burst is set to the minimum (see Note 2 page 73).

Phase transient pointer adjustment burst test sequence. All adjustments are of the same polarity, which is selectable. The interval between bursts is ﬁxed at 30 seconds. Each burst consists of 7 pointer movement. The ﬁrst 3 in each burst are 0.25 s apart, and the interval between the 3 and 4 movement, and each remaining movement 0.5 seconds.

An 87-3 pattern is selected. The sequence pattern is 87 pointer movements followed by 3 missing pointer movements. Pointer polarity is selectable and the time interval between pointer adjustments settable (see Note 1 page 73).

Provides a continuous sequence of pointer adjustments. The polarity of the adjustments is selectable, and the time interval between adjustments can be set (see Note 1).

This selection is only available if you have selected VT1.5 mapping. The sequence pattern is 26 pointer movements followed by 1 missing pointer movement. Pointer polarity is selectable and the time interval between pointer adjustments programmable to 200 ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s or 10 seconds.

T1.105 A5 PERIODIC ADD (87-3 Pattern) GR-253 5-33(c)

An 87-3 pattern is selected. The sequence pattern is 87 pointer movements followed by 3 missing pointer movements with an added pointer movement after the 43rd pointer. The spacing between the added adjustment and the previous adjustment is set to the minimum, (see Note 2 page 73). Pointer polarity is selectable. The time interval between pointer adjustments can be set (see Note 1). Added adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the 873 pattern, whichever is longer.

Selecting Test Features

T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained

Pointer Sequence Description

T1.105 A5 PERIODIC ADD (Continuous Pattern) GR-253 5-34(c)

GR-253 5-32(c) PERIODIC ADD (26-1 Pattern)

T1.105 A5 PERIODIC CANCEL (87-3 pattern) GR-253 5-33(d)

T1.105 A5 PERIODIC CANCEL (Continuous Pattern) GR-253 5-34(d)

Periodic Single adjustments, with selectable polarity and added adjustment (1 extra). The spacing between the added adjustment and the previous adjustment is set to the minimum, (see Note 2). The time interval between pointer adjustments can be set (see Note

1). Added adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the 87-3 pattern, whichever is longer.

This selection is only available if you have selected VT1.5 mapping. The sequence pattern is 26 pointer movements followed by 1 missing pointer movement. The added adjustment occurs 2 ms after the 13th pointer adjustment. Pointer polarity is selectable and the time interval between pointer adjustments programmable to 200 ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s or 10 s. Added adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the 26-1 pattern, whichever is longer.

An 87-3 pattern is selected. The sequence pattern is 87 pointer movements followed by 3 missing pointer movements with a cancelled pointer movement at the 87th pointer. Pointer polarity is selectable, and the time interval between pointer adjustments can be set (see Note 1). Cancelled adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the 87-3 pattern, whichever is longer.

Periodic Single adjustments, with selectable polarity and cancelled adjustment (1 less). The time interval between pointer adjustments can be set (see Note 1). Cancelled adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the 87-3 pattern, whichever is longer.

GR-253 5-32(d) PERIODIC CANCEL (26-1 pattern)

This selection is only available if you have selected VT1.5 mapping. The sequence pattern is 26 pointer movements followed by 1 missing pointer movement. The cancelled adjustment is the 26th pointer adjustment, that is the one before the regular gap of 1. Pointer polarity is selectable and the time interval between pointer adjustments programmable to 200 ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s or 10s. Cancelled adjustments occur every 30 seconds or every repeat of the 26-1 pattern, whichever is longer.

Selecting Test Features

T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained

Pointer Sequence Notes

Note 1: For SPE pointers the sequence interval is selectable from:

7.5 ms, 10, 20, 30, 34 ms 40 to 100 ms in 10 ms steps, 100 to 1000 ms in 100 ms steps 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds. For VT pointers the sequence interval is selectable from: 200 ms, 500 ms, 1, 2, 5 and 10 seconds.

Note 2: For SPE pointers the minimum spacing between adjustments is 500 us. For VT pointers the minimum spacing between adjustments is 2 ms.

Selecting Test Features

T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained

Table 1 Pointer Sequences Available with Selected Mapping

MAPPING

POINTER SEQUENCE

A1 SINGLE A2 BURST OF 3 A3 PHASE TRANSIENT A4 PERIODIC NORMAL(87-3) A4 PERIODIC NORMAL (Continuous) PERIODIC NORMAL (26-1) A5 PERIODIC ADD (87-3) A5 PERIODIC ADD (Continuous) PERIODIC ADD (26-1) A5 PERIODIC CANCEL (g) 87-3 A5 PERIODIC CANCEL (Continuous) PERIODIC CANCEL 26-1

SPE VT6, VT2 VT1.5

✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓

✓ ✓ ✓✓✓

✓

Selecting Test Features

Using Pointer Graph Test Function

Pointer Graph shows the relative offset during the measurement period. This allows the time relationship of SPE or VT pointer movements to be observed. Up to 4 days of storage allows long term effects such as W ander to be observed. If an alarm occurs during the measurement period, a new graph starts at the centre of the display (offset zero) after recovery from the alarm.

TIP: The graph can also be viewed on the display. HOW TO: 1 Set up the receive SDH interface and payload as required. See “Setting

SONET Receive Interface” page 21.

2 Choose the CAPTURE INTERVAL required.

The capture interval determines the time between captures. Low values of capture interval should be chosen when a high degree of pointer movements is expected. High values of capture interval should be chosen when a low degree of pointer movements is expected, for example W ander over 1 day, use 5 MINS and Wander over 4 days, use 20 MINS.

If, during a long term measurement (4 days), an event occurs at a particular time each day, a short term measurement can be made at

RESULTS

SONET RESULTS

Selecting Test Features

Using Pointer Graph Test Function

the identiﬁed time to gain more detail of the event.

HOW TO: 3 Choose the POINTER UNDER TEST type SPE or VT.

4 Press to start the measurement.

RUN/STOP

TIP: If the event occurs outside normal working hours, a Timed Start

measurement can be made. 1 SEC - display window of approximately 5 minutes. 5 SECS - display window of approximately 25 minutes. 20 SECS - display window of approximately 1 hour 40 minutes. 1 MIN - display window of approximately 5 hours. 5 MIN - display window of approximately 1 day. 20 MIN - display window of approximately 4 days.

Selecting Test Features

Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits

Description Ideally clock recovery circuits in the network equipment optical

interfaces should recover the clock even in the presence of long strings of 0s. You can check the performance of your optical clock recovery circuits using the STRESS TEST test function.

The stress test is available at STS-12 and OC-12 if Option 130 or 131 is ﬁtted. If Options 110/120 are also ﬁtted then the stress test is also available at STS-12BIN and OC-12.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.

Choose the required STRESSING PATTERN.

The G.958 test pattern consists of 4 consecutive blocks of data as follows:

ALL ONES, a PRBS, ALL ZEROS and the ﬁrst row of section overhead bytes.

2 If you choose ALL ONES or ALL ZEROS as the stressing pattern,

choose the number of bytes in the BLOCK LENGTH.

Selecting Test Features

Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages

Description You can program the K1 and K2 bytes to exercise the APS functions for

Both LINEAR (GR-253) and RING (GR-1230) topologies.

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required. See

“Description” page 6.

2 Choose the TOPOLOGY required. 3 Choose the message to be transmitted.

If LINEAR topology is chosen, choose the CHANNEL, the BRIDGED CHANNEL NO., the ARCHITECTURE and the RESERVED bits you require. If RING topology is chosen, choose the DESTINATION NODE ID, the SOURCE NODE ID, the type of PATH and the status code (K2 Bits 6>8) The current TX and RX, K1 and K2, values are displayed for reference only.

4 Choose DOWNLOAD to transmit the new K1/K2 values.

Selecting Test Features

Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel

Description The Data Communications Channel (DCC) of the section and line

overhead can be veriﬁed by protocol testing. The Insert and Drop capability provides access to the DCC via the RS-449 connector on the front panel of the SDH/SONET module.

DCC INSERT is available on the , , display.

DCC DROP is available on the , display.

HOW TO: 1 Connect the Protocol Analyzer to the RS449 port on the SDH/SONET

Transmit module.

TRANSMIT

RECEIVE

SONET TEST FUNCTION

2 Choose the required DCC.

If you choose DCC BYTE POLARITY [NORMAL], the ﬁrst bit received in each byte is the ﬁrst bit dropped (i.e. the most signiﬁcant). Choice of NORMAL or REVERSED on the DCC INSERT or DCC DROP display will take effect on both.

Selecting Test Features

Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel

3 Making Measurements

Making Measurements

Using Overhead BER Test Function

Description You can perform a Bit Error Rate test on chosen bytes of the section, line

and path overhead bytes. You can access the transmit Overhead BER on the

TEST FUNCTION

display.

TRANSMIT

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.

2 Set up the SONET receive interface and payload required. 3 Choose the overhead byte to be tested on the

TEST FUNCTION

display.

RECEIVE

SONET

4 Choose the overhead byte to be tested on the

TEST FUNCTION

5 Press to start the test.

RUN/STOP

display.

6 The PRBS pattern can be errored by pressing .

TRANSMIT

SINGLE

SONET

Making Measurements

Test Timing

Description There are two aspects to test timing:

Error results may be displayed as short term or cumulative over the measurement period.If short term error measurements are required, the short term period may be selected.

The period of the test may be deﬁned or controlled manually.

HOW TO: 1 Select the display.

2 Set the SHORT TERM PERIOD to the timing required for short term

results.

3 Select the type of TEST TIMING required:

For manual control with select [MANUAL]. For a single timed measurement period started with , select [SINGLE] and select the test duration. For a timed period starting at a speciﬁed time, select TIMED, select the test duration and the test START date and time.

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

RUN/STOP

Making Measurements

Making SONET Analysis Measurements

Description G.826 analysis results are provided for all relevant SDH/SONET error

sources. In addition the following results are provided: Cumulative error count and error ratio

Short Term error count and error ratio Alarm Seconds Pointer Values Frequency

HOW TO: 1 Set up the SONET transmit interface and payload required.

2 Set up the SONET receive interface and payload as required. 3 Press to start the measurement. 4 Y ou can view the analysis results on the

display .

TIP: The measurement will not be affected if you switch between the different

results provided.

RUN/STOP

RESULTS

SONET ANALYSIS

Making Measurements

Making PDH Analysis Measurements

Description G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110 and M.2120 analysis results are provided

for all relevant PDH and PDH Payload error sources. In addition the following results are provided:

Cumulative error count and error ratio Short Term error count and error ratio Alarm Seconds SIG/BIT Monitor refer to "Monitoring Signaling Bits " page 95

NOTE G.826, M.2100, M.2110 and M.2120 are only available if Option UKJ,

Structured PDH is ﬁtted.

HOW TO: 1 If SDH or SONET (option 120) is chosen as the interface, set up the

Transmit Interface and Payload, and also the Receive Interface and Payload required.

2 If PDH is chosen as the interface, set up the PDH transmit interface,

and the PDH receive interface required.

3 Press to start the measurement.

RUN/STOP

Making Measurements

Making PDH Analysis Measurements

4 If SDH is chosen as the interface, you can view the analysis results on

the display .

RESULTS

PDH PAYLOAD

ERROR ANALYSIS

If PDH is chosen as the interface, you can view the analysis results on the display.

RESULTS

PDH ERROR ANALYSIS

TIP: The measurement will not be affected if you switch between the different

results provided.

Making Measurements

Measuring Jitter

Description: PDH Jitter and PDH error measurements are made simultaneously

when a PDH jitter measurement option is ﬁtted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the PDH receiver and the interface selections are the normal PDH Receiver selections.

SDH/SONET Jitter and SDH/SONET error measurements are isolated individual measurements. The jitter measurement is made on an SDH/ SONET input to the Jitter module.

Cumulative and Short Term results of Jitter Amplitude and Jitter Hits are provided on the display.

Graph and Text results for Jitter Transfer and Jitter Tolerance are also provided.

RESULTS

JITTER

HOW TO: 1 If measuring Jitter on a PDH signal, set up the receive PDH interface

for the error measurements. See “Setting PDH Receive Interface” page 18 and the receive Jitter interface for jitter range threshold and ﬁlters, see“Setting Jitter Receive Interface” page 23.

2 If measuring Jitter on an SDH/SONET signal, set up the receive Jitter

interface. See “Setting Jitter Receive Interface” page 23.

Making Measurements

Measuring Jitter

NOTE For Jitter measurements on an SDH/SONET signal you need to set the

Receive interface to SDH/SONET Jitter.

3 Press to start the measurement.

RUN/STOP

4 You can view the Jitter hits and Amplitude results on the

JITTER

display.

RESULTS

Making Measurements

Measuring Wander

Description: Wander measurements are possible when the received PDH interface

signal is 2 Mb/s. The Wander results are displayed in bits and microseconds. Estimated Bit and Frame slips are also calculated. In addition a Bar Graph shows the cumulative Wander over the measurement period.

HOW TO: Make the Measurement

1 Connect a 2 Mb/s REFERENCE (CLOCK or DATA) to the 2M REF IN

port of the Jitter Receiver module.

2 Set up a 2 Mb/s PDH receive interface. See “Setting PDH Receive

Interface” page 18.

3 Choose WANDER [ON]. 4 Choose the WANDER REFERENCE impedance.

If the 2 Mb/s Reference is connected to the 2M REF IN 75Ω port, choose 75Ω UNBAL. If connected to the 120Ω port, choose 120Ω BAL.

5 Choose the WANDER REF FORMAT.

If the 2Mb/s Reference connected to the 2M REF IN port is a data signal, choose HDB3 DATA.

Making Measurements

Measuring Wander

6 Press to start the measurement.

RUN/STOP

HOW TO: View the Results

1 Choose the results type, WANDER or BAR GRAPH.

If Bar Graph is chosen the cumulative wander results are displayed in graphical form. The Bar Graphs are additive and in the example shown above the Wander is -70.625 BITS.

2 If WANDER is chosen, choose the units in which the results are

displayed. TIME displays the wander results in microseconds. BITS displays the wander results in bits.

NOTE Estimated Bit Slips signify the slippage from the start of the

measurement. One Estimated Frame Slip corresponds to 256 Bit Slips. Implied Frequency Offset is calculated from the Wander results.

Agilent 37717C User’s Guide Dsn/Sonet Operation

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Setting the Interfaces

Setting PDH Transmit Interface

Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface

Variable Rate Binary Interface

Setting SONET Transmit Interface

Setting Jitter Transmit Interface

Setting Wander Transmit Interface

Setting SONET THRU Mode

Using Autosetup

PDH Input

SONET Input

Setting PDH Receive Interface

Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface

Setting SONET Receive Interface

Setting Jitter Receive Interface

2 Selecting Test Features

Using Transmit Overhead Setup

Using Receive Overhead Monitor

Setting Overhead Trace Messages

Generating Overhead Sequences

Using Receive Overhead Capture

Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal

HOW TO: SONET Line Rate Offset

Tributary Offset ±100 ppm

Adding Frequency Offset to the PDH Signal

Setting up Signaling Bits

PDH Operation

SONET Operation

PDH Operation

SONET Operation

Signaling

Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal

Connecting A Telephone Handset

Signaling with a DS1 Payload Selected

Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal

How To: Insert 34 Mb/s, DS3 & 140 Mb/s (SDH/SONET Only)

Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal

HOW TO: Drop 34 Mb/s, DS3 & 140 Mb/s

Drop 2 Mb/s /DS1 (Unstructured SDH/SONET P ayload)

Selecting ATM Cell Stream Payload

Selecting ATM Cell Stream Timing Distribution

Selecting ATM Cell Stream Headers and Interface

Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface

Using FEAC Codes in the HP 37717C

To transmit an FEAC code (Option 110 instruments)

To View FEAC Messages Transmitted

Adding ATM Errors and Alarms

Setting PDH Spare Bits

Adding Pointer Adjustments

T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained

Initialization Period

Cool Down Period

Sequence (Measurement) Period

Periodic Test Sequences

Pointer Sequence Notes

Using Pointer Graph Test Function

Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits

Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages

Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel

3 Making Measurements

Using Overhead BER Test Function

Test Timing

Making SONET Analysis Measurements

Making PDH Analysis Measurements

Measuring Jitter

Measuring Wander

HOW TO: Make the Measurement

HOW TO: View the Results