Agilent 37717C PDH Concept Guide

HP 37717C Communications Performance Analyzer

PDH Concept Guide

 Copyright HewlettPackard Ltd. 1998

Information in this document may apply to modules which use the VxWORKS TM software. The VxWORKS TM software was developed by Wind River Systems, Inc., which has copyright to it.

HP Part No. 37717-90407

First edition, March 98

Printed in U.K.

Documentation Warranty

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Hewlett-Packard mak es no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose.

Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

WARNING

Warning Symbols Used on the Product

!

The product is marked with this symbol when the user should refer to the instruction manual in order to protect the apparatus against damage.

The product is marked with this symbol to indicate that hazardous voltages are present

The product is marked with this symbol to indicate that a laser is ﬁtted. The user should refer to the laser safety information in the Calibration Manual.

Hewlett-Packard Limited Telecommunications Networks Test Division South Queensferry West Lothian, Scotland EH30 9TG

PDH Concept Guide

HP 37717C Communications Performance Analyzer

About This Book

The information on PDH testing in this book covers the following subjects:

• An Introduction to PDH, the PDH modules and their features.

• Measurement examples.

• Measurement result deﬁnitions

• Logging messages

iv

Contents

1 Introduction to PDH Testing

Introduction to PDH / DSn 2 Unstructured PDH Generation and Measurement. Option UKK (USB) 3 Structured PDH Generation and Measurement. Options UKJ (USA) and UKN (USE) 4 Binary Interfaces. Option UH3 (US7) 5 Multiple PDH Outputs. Option UHC (US6) 6 DS1, DS3, E1 and E3 Transmit and Receive Interfaces for PDH/DSn Payloads. Option 110 7

2 PDH / DSn Testing

Alarm Monitoring 10 Analysis of N x 64 kb/s 13 BERT Testing 17 Cross Multiplexer Testing 22 FAS Monitoring 28 Frequency Measurement 32 Frequency Offset Tolerance 35 Multiplexer Testing 39 Round Trip Delay 44 M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 Analysis 47

3 Result Deﬁnitions

Trouble Scan 52 Short Term Results 53

v

Contents

Cumulative Results 54 PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 55 Alarm Seconds 70 Frequency Measurement 71

4 PDH Logging Messages

Logging Devices 74 Results Logging 75

vi

1

Introduction to PDH / DSn page 2 Unstructured PDH Generation and Measurement. Option UKK (USB) page 3 Structured PDH Generation and Measurement. Options UKJ (USA) and UKN (USE) page 4 Binary Interfaces. Option UH3 (US7) page 5 Multiple PDH Outputs. Option UHC (US6) page 6 DS1, DS3, E1 and E3 Transmit and Receive Interfaces for PDH/DSn Payloads. Option 110

page 7

1 Introduction to PDH Testing

Information on PDH in general and the PDH test features of the HP 37717C.

Introduction to PDH Testing

Introduction to PDH / DSn

The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH / DSn) is still the dominant technology in most existing telecommunications networks throughout the world, although it is being replaced in many networks by Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) or SONET networks. PDH / DSn networks were developed at a time when point-to-point transmission was the predominant network requirement. To support this requirement, the standard approach to network management and maintenance was to use manual distribution frames for access to individual signals. This is now considered out of date and consequently SDH / SONET is now the preferred network topology for new installations.

However PDH / DSn networks will exist for a long time to come even in networks where SDH /SONET is the preferred technology. PDH is the ETSI international standard, based on 2 Mb/s, deﬁned by the ITU-T, and covers the hierarchal transmission rates of 2 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s and 140 Mb/s. DSn is the ANSI standard covering transmission rates of 1.544 Mb/s (DS1) and 44.736 Mb/s (DS3). PDH is asynchronous at 8 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s and 140 Mb/s. In order to access a signal, for rerouting or test purposes, the whole line signal structure must be demultiplexed step by step down to the 2 Mb/s level, because of the asynchronous nature of the multiplexing.

At each multiplexing step, the bit rate of the individual tributary signals is controlled within speciﬁed limits and is not synchronized with the multiplex equipment. Because the bit rates of the individual tributaries are controlled within speciﬁc limits this type of multiplexing is referred to as Plesiochronous i.e. nearly synchronous. The individual tributaries are synchronized with the equipment at each multiplex step by the process of positive bit stufﬁng justiﬁcation.

In new SDH / SONET networks, PDH / DSn signals are mapped into virtual containers / tributaries before being transported as part of the SDH / SONET payload. The SDH / SONET payload must then be demapped into a PDH / DSn tributary signal.

Therefore all PDH / DSn, SDH / SONET and mixed PDH/SDH DSn / SONET networks require test sets which have PDH / DSn interfaces and PDH / DSn test capability.

2

Introduction to PDH Testing

Unstructured PDH Generation and Measurement. Option UKK (USB)

Option UKK (USB), Unstructured PDH, provides generation and measurement of unstructured PDH at interface rates of 704 kb/s,

2.048 Mb/s, 8.448 Mb/s, 34.368 Mb/s and 139.264 Mb/s Allows the addition of Frequency Offset to the PDH signal Provides 75 Ω unbalanced or 120 Ω balanced input and output

interfaces. Allows selection of PRBS, WORD or USER patterns Allows selection of Line Code AMI, HDB3 or CMI Provides an ECL pulse each time an error occurs (Error Out)

Option UKK [USB]

3

Introduction to PDH Testing

Structured PDH Generation and Measurement. Options UKJ (USA) and UKN (USE)

Options UKJ (USA) and UKN (USE), provide generation and measurement of Structured or Unstructured PDH at interface rates of 2.048 Mb/s (E1),

8.448 Mb/s (E2), 34.368 Mb/s (E3) and 139.264 Mb/s (E4).

Structured test signal rates of 64 kb/s, 2.048 Mb/s, 8.448 Mb/s and 34.368 Mb/s are provided.

Frequency Offset can be added at the interface rates. Line rate frequency can be measured. Provides 75 Ω unbalanced or 120 Ω balanced input and

output interfaces. Allows selection of PRBS, WORD or USER patterns

Option UKJ (USA)

Allows selection of Line Code AMI, HDB3 or CMI Interface and test signal rates can be Framed or

Unframed MUX connector allows a 2 Mb/s signal from external

equipment to be inserted into the HP 37717C test signal.

DEMUX connector allows a 2 Mb/s signal from the HP 37717C to be Dropped to external equipment.

Option UKN (USE) also provides generation and measurement of PDH signals with ATM payloads.

Information on the ATM capabilities of the UKN (USE) module is given in the “Users Guide” and the “ATM Concept Guide”.

4

Introduction to PDH Testing

Binary Interfaces. Option UH3 (US7)

Option UH3 (US7) provides binary NRZ interfaces for the structured PDH module option UKJ (USA), and the unstructured PDH module option UKK (USB).

The interfaces can operate at any of the standard rates ± 100 ppm. When used with option UKK (USB), with an external binary clock input,

the interfaces can operate at any rate in the range 700 kb/s to 170 Mb/s.

TTL signal levels, at data and clock ports, and external clock port, are valid from 700 kb/s to 50 Mb/s, 75Ω to ground.

ECL signals, at data and clock ports, and external clock port, are valid from 700 kb/s to 170 Mb/s, 75Ω to -2V.

The external clock input may be used to clockcoded data from the PDH / DSn transmitter at standard rates. In addition if Option UKK (USB), Unstructured PDH, is ﬁtted can clock coded data in the range 700 kb/s to 170 Mb/s.

Option UH3 (US7)

Simultaneous jitter of binary clock and binary data outputs is possible (2, 8, 34 & 140 Mb/s) if Option UHK (USB) or A3K, Jitter Generator, is ﬁtted.

Jitter measurement on the binary clock input is possible (2, 8, 34 & 140 Mb/s ±;100 ppm) if Option UHN, A3L, A3V or A3N , Jitter Measurement, is ﬁtted.

Frequency measurement of the external clock input and binary clock input is provided.

5

Introduction to PDH Testing

Multiple PDH Outputs. Option UHC (US6)

Option UHC (US6), Multiple PDH Outputs, provides three additional 75Ω PDH outputs.

OUT 1 is delayed by 4 bits relative to the main PDH OUT. OUT 2 is delayed by 8 bits relative to the main PDH OUT. OUT 3 is delayed by 12 bits relative to the main PDH OUT.

6

Introduction to PDH Testing

DS1, DS3, E1 and E3 Transmit and Receive Interfaces for PDH/DSn Payloads. Option 110

DS1, DS3, E1 and E3 Transmit and Receive Interfaces for PDH/ DSn Payloads. Option 110

Option 110, provides generation and measurement of PDH /DSn signals at interface rates of: 1.544 Mb/s (DS1),

44.736 Mb/s (DS3), 2.048 Mb/s (E1), and 34.368 Mb/s (E3). Frequency Offset can be added at the interface rates. Line rate frequency can be measured. Provides the following RZ input and output interfaces:

DS3 and E3: 75 Ω unbalanced E1: 75 Ω unbalanced, 120 Ω balanced. DS1: 100 Ω balanced.

Allows selection of Line Code as: AMI or B8ZS at DS1 AMI or HDB3 at 2Mb/s. At DS3 the line code is ﬁxed at B3ZS. At 34 Mb/s the line code is ﬁxed at HDB3.

Provides Input sensitivity level selection. Provides output level control for DS1 and DS3.

DS1: DSX-1 or DS1-LO DS3: DS3-HI, DSX-3 or DS3-900’.

Allows errors and alarms to be injected into the test signal. An E1 Drop/Insert port allows an E1(2.048 Mb/s) signal to be

dropped/inserted from a E3 (34 Mb/s) signal. In conjunction with the SONET/SDH test module (option 120), this port allows the insertion of E1 into a TU-12/VT2.

A DS1 Drop/Insert port allows a DS1 signal to be dropped/ inserted from a DS3 or TU-11/VT1.5 when used in conjunction with the SONET/SDH test module.

7

Introduction to PDH Testing

DS1, DS3, E1 and E3 Transmit and Receive Interfaces for PDH/DSn Payloads. Option 110

8

2

Alarm Monitoring page 10 Analysis of N x 64 kb/s page 13 BERT Testing page 17 Cross Multiplexer Testing page 22 FAS Monitoring page 28 Frequency Measurement page 32 Frequency Offset Tolerance page 35 Multiplexer Testing page 39 Round Trip Delay page 44 M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 Analysis page 47

2 PDH / DSn Testing

This Chapter gives examples of the instrument operation in typical PDH test applications.

PDH / DSn Testing

Alarm Monitoring

Options Required Structured PDH UKJ (USA), 110 or UKN (USE)

Application

Problems in the network at all levels in the hierarchy can be detected by the occurrence of alarms in each tributary of structured PDH systems.

Using the HP 37717C in a receive only mode, each tributary can be scanned and the state of Frame Loss, Remote (RAI) and AIS alarms viewed on the display.

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

RESULTS

Test Setup Procedure (Alarm Monitoring)

This setup procedure is based on Structured PDH 140 Mb/s line trafﬁc interfaced at the line equipment 75 Ω protected Monitor point. If a protected Monitor Point is not available then an HP 15510A Protective Probe may be used at an unprotected Monitor point.

When 120 Ω Balanced alarm monitoring is desired at an unprotected Monitor point use an HP 15511A Protective Monitor Probe. The instrument is used in a receive only mode to monitor Frame Loss, AIS and Remote alarms.

10

PDH / DSn Testing

Alarm Monitoring

1 Connect the HP 37717C to the line

terminal equipment protected Monitor point and set up the display

MAIN SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown opposite.

The GAIN and EQUALIZER settings should be set to optimize the received signal.

2 Set up the display

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown

opposite.

2M PAYLOAD determines the Framing and selection which should match that of the network equipment.

11

PDH / DSn Testing

Alarm Monitoring

Start the Test (Alarm Monitoring)

1 Set up the display as shown

opposite and select

ON

RESULTS

PDH ALM SCAN

.

If any of the three alarms, Frame Loss, RAI or AIS has occurred the appropriate point in the hierarchy will be highlighted.

The test can be halted at any time by selecting on the

PDH ALM SCAN

OFF

RESULTS

display.

2 T o determine which alarm has occurred

set the PDH ALM SCAN and then set the

STRUCTURED

RECEIVE

SETTINGS

OFF

display to the tributary highlighted as shown opposite and press .

RUN/STOP

Example 2Mb number 2 of 8Mb number 1 of 34 Mb number 1 is highlighted.

3 Now view the Alarm Seconds results

on the display to determine

RESULTS

which alarms have occurred.

12

PDH / DSn Testing

Analysis of N x 64 kb/s

Option Required Structured PDH UKJ (USA) or DS1,DS3,E1, E3 structured PDH 110

Application

Many customer premises receive subrate signals for example 128 Kb/s or 384 kb/s. The timeslots which make up these services may or may not be contiguous. Testing these services requires that the test set to be able to insert a pattern across the required timeslots.

T esting N x 64 kb/s channels structured within a 2 Mb/s signal can be carried out on an End to End basis using two test sets.

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

Test Setup Procedure (N x 64 kb/s Analysis)

This setup procedure is interfaced at 2 Mb/s, with a test signal of 6 X 64 kb/s noncontiguous timeslots. A PRBS test pattern is transmitted across the 6 timeslots. A BER measurement is performed on the received test pattern.

13

PDH / DSn Testing

Analysis of N x 64 kb/s

HP 37717C #1

1. Set up the

CONTROL

OTHER

SETTINGS

display as shown opposite.

Any settings change made on the

or displays will

TRANSMIT

RECEIVE

automatically occur on the other.

2. Connect the HP 37717C to the line equipment and set up the

MAIN SETTINGS

TRANSMIT

display as shown

opposite. The settings of SIGNAL rate and LINE

CODE must match those of the network equipment.

PAYLOAD TYPE selects the Framing which must match that of the network equipment.

3. Set up the display

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

TRANSMIT

as shown

opposite. In this example timeslots 3, 5, 9, 25, 26

and 27 are selected.

14

PDH / DSn Testing

Analysis of N x 64 kb/s

4. Set up the display as shown

RESULTS

opposite. The RESULTS type may be changed

during the measurement without interrupting the test.

HP 37717C #2

1. Set up the

CONTROL

OTHER

display as shown opposite.

SETTINGS

Any settings change made on the

TRANSMIT

or displays will

RECEIVE

automatically occur on the other.

2. Set up the display

MAIN SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown opposite.

The settings of SIGNAL rate and LINE CODE must match those of the network equipment.

PAYLOAD TYPE selects the Framing which must match that of the network equipment.

15

PDH / DSn Testing

Analysis of N x 64 kb/s

3. Set up the

SETTINGS

RECEIVE

display as shown opposite.

STRUCTURED

In this example timeslots 3, 5, 9, 25, 26 and 27 are selected.

4. Set up the display as shown

RESULTS

opposite. The RESULTS type may be changed

during the measurement without interrupting the test.

Run the Test (N x 64 kb/s Analysis)

1. Press .

• The measurement results and alarms are available on the display

RUN/STOP

RESULTS

during the test period.

• The test can be halted at any time by pressing .

RUN/STOP

16

PDH / DSn Testing

BERT Testing

Options Required Structured PDH UKJ (USA), DS1,DS3,E1, E3 structured PDH 110 or Unstructured PDH UKK (USB)

Application

A transmission system must be speciﬁed for its overall error performance, measured over a period of time. Conformance to these speciﬁcations ensures that an installed system will meet the requirements of an Integrated Digital Network (IDN).

After troubleshooting, or during installation or commissioning, it is necessary to check that the transmission link meets this error performance.

This can be performed in two ways:

• End T o End - Error performance measurements are made on an end-to-end basis

testing the Go and Return paths separately but simultaneously . The measurements are often performed unattended and the results and other events, alarms for example, logged on a printer or disc and timed by a real time clock facility.

Two HP 37717C's are required for this measurement, one at each end of the link.

End-to End Test

17

PDH / DSn Testing

BERT Testing

• Loopback - Error performance measurements are made via a loopback at the

remote end of the system testing the combined Go and Return paths. The measurements are often performed unattended and the results and other events, alarms for example, logged on a printer or disc and timed by a real time clock.

Loopback Test

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS

OTHER

NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

Test Setup Procedure (BERT Testing)

This setup procedure is based on 140 Mb/s, CMI, PRBS test data terminated in 75Ω . A SINGLE test period of 24 HOURS is used and use of the a printer or disc for recording of results and alarms is included. A graphical record of the results can be viewed on the HP 37717C display at the end of the test period.

GRAPH

18

PDH / DSn Testing

BERT Testing

1. Set up the

CONTROL

OTHER

display as shown opposite

SETTINGS

(on both HP 37717C's if end to end). Any settings change made on the

or displays will

TRANSMIT

RECEIVE

automatically occur on the other.

2. Connect the HP 37717C to the line equipment and set up the

TRANSMIT

display as shown opposite (on both HP 37717C's if end to end).

3. Select the function as

LOGGING

shown opposite (on both HP 37717C's if end to end).

A LOGGING PERIOD selection of [USER PROGRAM] [10 MIN] provides the following:

A complete set of period and a complete set of cumulative results logged on the printer or disc every 10 minutes.

A complete set of cumulative results logged on the printer or to disc at the end of the test period.

19

PDH / DSn Testing

BERT Testing

4. Set the

TIMING CONTROL

RESULTS

as shown opposite

(on both HP 37717C's if end to end).

5. Select the

ERROR ANALYSIS

RESULTS

PDH RESULTS

display

The RESULTS type displayed can be changed during the test period without interrupting the test.

The RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

STORAGE selection enables the graphics. To disable graphics select STORAGE [OFF].

Start the Test (BERT Testing)

1. Press (on both HP 37717C's if end to end). The measurement results and alarms are available on the display during

RUN/STOP

RESULTS

the test period. The graphical measurement results and alarms are stored in non volatile memory for

viewing later on the display. The test can be halted at any time by pressing .

GRAPH

RUN/STOP

At the End of the Test (BERT Testing)

• The Date and Time the test started and the instrument setup are logged on the

selected logging device.

• All results are logged on the selected logging device at 10 minute intervals.

• Any alarms which occur during the test period will be logged on a printer or disc.

• At the end of the test period a complete set of cumulative results are logged on

the printer or disc.

• A graphical record of the results during the test period can be viewed on the

20

PDH / DSn Testing

BERT Testing

GRAPH

display. If Remote Control option A3B or A3D is ﬁtted the graph results

can be logged to an external printer, at a later date.

• Results and Alarm summaries can be viewed on the display.

GRAPH

The total graphics store capacity is normally 20,000 events. If GRAPH STORAGE RESOLUTION [FULL] is selected on the display

OTHER

MISCELLANEOUS

the capacity reduces to 10,000 events. The resolution, determined by the selection made under STORAGE on the

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

display, affects the ZOOM capability when viewing the bar graphs. If 1 SECOND is selected all resolutions are available under ZOOM. If 1 MIN is selected only 1 MIN/BAR, 15 MINS/BAR and 60 MINS/BAR are available.If 15 MINS is selected only 15 MINS/BAR and 60 MINS/BAR are available. If 1 HOUR is selected only 60 MINS/BAR is available.

Up to 10 sets of graphical results can be stored. If an attempt is made to store more than 10 sets of results, then a ﬁrst in ﬁrst out policy is operated and the oldest set of results will be lost. If graphics are enabled and a test is run which exceeds the remaining storage capacity, then some previously stored graphical results will be lost.

T o prev ent accidental overwriting of pre viously stored results the graphics capability should be disabled, when graphical results are not required, by selecting STORAGE [OFF] on the display.

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

21

PDH / DSn Testing

Cross Multiplexer Testing

Option Required Structured PDH UKJ (USA), DS1, DS3, E1, E3 structured PDH 110

Application

For comprehensive testing of network equipment it is essential that the test equipment can multiplex/demultiplex the test signal.

The insertion of tributary signals into the PDH multiplexer, which are then multiplexed into the 140 Mb/s PDH structure should take place without introducing errors. The insertion and structuring process is tested by adding a test pattern to the tributary inserted at the tributary insert port. At the high rate side of the PDH multiplexer the tributary is destructured and a BER test performed.

By using a protected monitor point at the high rate side of the PDH multiplexer the mux/demux need not be taken out of service.

Default (Known State) Settings

It is advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state before setting up a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

Cross Multiplexer Testing Test Setup Procedure

In this setup a 2 Mb/s Framed tributary, containing a test pattern, is inserted at the tributary insert port of the PDH multiplexer. The 140 Mb/s structured PDH signal is obtained from a protected monitor point. The 2 Mb/s tributary is destructured by the HP 37717C test set and an Error measurement is performed on the 2 Mb/s tributary test pattern.

A SINGLE test period of 24 HOURS is used and the printer is enabled to record results and alarms.

The HP 37717C PDH/SDH test set GRAPHICS function is enabled. The graphical results can be viewed on the display.

22

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

GRAPH

PDH / DSn Testing

Cross Multiplexer Testing

1. Connect the HP 37717C to the network equipment and set up the

SETTINGS CONTROL

OTHER

display as shown

opposite.

23

PDH / DSn Testing

Cross Multiplexer Testing

2. Set up the display as

TRANSMIT

shown opposite. The PAYLOAD TYPE determines the

Framing, which is selected from the softkey menu.

Selections of Framing and Code must match those of the network equipment.

3. Set up the display

SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown opposite.

MAIN

The GAIN and EQUALIZER settings should be set to optimize the received signal.

4. Set up the display

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown

opposite. The required 2 Mb/s test signal is selected

under 34Mb: 8Mb: 2Mb 2M Payload determines the test signal

framing and must match that of the network equipment.

24

PDH / DSn Testing

Cross Multiplexer Testing

5. Select the logging device and set up the

OTHER

display, function,

LOGGING

as shown opposite. WHEN [PERIOD EC>0] ensures results

are not logged on the selected logging device when a print period is error free.

Continuity Check

Before running the test carry out a continuity test to verify the measurement path.

1. Set up the display as shown

RESULTS

opposite.

2. Press to start a

RUN/STOP

measurement.

3. Press error add three times

SINGLE

and check that the errors are recorded on the display.

RESULTS

4. Press to stop the

RUN/STOP

measurement.

Start the Cross Multiplexer Test

5. Set the

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

as shown opposite. If you do not require stored graphics

results select STORAGE [OFF].

25

PDH / DSn Testing

Cross Multiplexer Testing

6. Press to start the

RUN/STOP

measurement. G.821 Analysis results are displayed but

any of the other results can be viewed without affecting the measurement.

The following error results are available on the display during the test

RESULTS

period:

• 2 Mb/s - FAS, CRC, REBE and BIT

• 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s - FAS

The graphical measurement results and alarms are stored in non volatile memory for viewing later on the display.

The test can be halted at any time by pressing .

GRAPH

RUN/STOP

At the End of the Test (Cross Multiplexer Testing)

• The Date and Time the test started and the instrument set-up are logged on the

logging device selected.

• Results are logged on the selected logging device at 1 hour intervals if the error

count is greater than 0.

• Any alarms which occur during the test period will be logged on the selected

logging device.

• At the end of the test period a complete set of cumulative results are logged on

the selected logging device.

• A graphical record of the results during the test period can be viewed on the

GRAPH

display. If Remote Control option A3B or A3D is ﬁtted the graph results

can be logged to an external printer, at a later date.

• Results and Alarm summaries can be viewed on the display.

GRAPH

26

PDH / DSn Testing

Cross Multiplexer Testing

The total graphics store capacity is normally 20,000 events. If GRAPH STORAGE RESOLUTION [FULL] is selected on the display

OTHER

MISCELLANEOUS

the capacity reduces to 10,000 events. The resolution, determined by the selection made under STORAGE on the

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

display, affects the ZOOM capability when viewing the bar graphs. If 1 SECOND is selected all resolutions are available under ZOOM. If 1 MIN is selected only 1 MIN/BAR, 15 MINS/BAR and 60 MINS/BAR are available.If 15 MINS is selected only 15 MINS/BAR and 60 MINS/BAR are available. If 1 HOUR is selected only 60 MINS/BAR is available.

Up to 10 sets of graphical results can be stored. If an attempt is made to store more than 10 sets of results, then a ﬁrst in ﬁrst out policy is operated and the oldest set of results will be lost. If graphics are enabled and a test is run which exceeds the remaining storage capacity, then some previously stored graphical results will be lost.

T o prev ent accidental overwriting of pre viously stored results the graphics capability should be disabled, when graphical results are not required, by selecting STORAGE [OFF] on the display.

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

27

PDH / DSn Testing

FAS Monitoring

Options Required Structured PDH UKJ (USA), DS1, DS3, E1, E3 structured PDH 110 or Unstructured PDH UKK (USB)

NOTE Option UKK (USB) - Unstructured PDH allows FAS Monitoring to be carried out at

2, 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s. Application

Degradation in error performance can be detected by the occurrence of Frame Alignment Signal (FAS) errors in PDH /DSn systems.

Using the HP 37717C in a receive only mode, FAS errors can be measured and viewed on the display. In addition, the results can be logged on the selected logging device for examination later.

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

RESULTS

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

Test Setup Procedure (FAS Monitoring)

This setup procedure is based on Structured PDH 140 Mb/s line trafﬁc interfaced at the line equipment protected Monitor point. If a protected Monitor Point is not available then an HP 15510A Protective Probe may be used at an unprotected Monitor point.

The instrument is used in a receive only mode to measure FAS Errors. A Timed Start test period is used which allows the measurement to be started at a time when the user would not normally be available.

All Error Ratio and Analysis results are logged on the selected logging device at 2 hour intervals and at the end of the test period. Occurrences of error seconds and alarms are logged on the selected logging device in real time.

28

PDH / DSn Testing

FAS Monitoring

PDH / DSn

1. Connect the HP 37717C to the line terminal equipment protected Monitor point and set up the display

MAIN SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown opposite.

When Balanced F AS monitoring is desired at an unprotected Monitor point use an HP 15511A Protective Monitor Probe.

The GAIN and EQUALIZER settings should be set to optimize the received signal.

29

PDH / DSn Testing

FAS Monitoring

2. Set up the display

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown

opposite. 2M PAYLOAD Framing selection should

match that of the network equipment.

3. Set up the

OTHER

LOGGING

display as shown opposite.

Start the Test (FAS Monitoring)

4.Set the

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

as shown opposite. The test period will begin at the START

time selected on this display.

30

PDH / DSn Testing

FAS Monitoring

5.Set up the PDH display as

RESULTS

shown opposite. The following error types can be

monitored:

140 Mb/s - FAS (Short Term, Cumulative and G.821 Analysis)

34 Mb/s- F AS (Short T erm, Cumulative and G.821 Analysis)

8 Mb/s - F AS (Short Term, Cumulative and G.821 Analysis)

2 Mb/s - FAS, CRC and REBE (Short Term, Cumulative and G.821 Analysis)

• Any occurrence of Alarms or Error Seconds during the test period are logged on

the selected logging device.

• Cumulative and Period versions of Error Results and Analysis Results are logged

on the selected logging device at 1 hour intervals.

• The test can be halted at any time by pressing .

RUN/STOP

At the End of the Test

Cumulative and Period versions of Error Results and Analysis Results are logged on the selected logging device.

31

PDH / DSn Testing

Frequency Measurement

Options Required

If measuring frequency at PDH rates one of the following options is required. Structured PDH UKJ (USA) or UKN (USE), or DS1, DS3, E1, E3 structured PDH

110, or Unstructured PDH UKK (USB) If measuring frequency at SDH rates the following options must be ﬁtted:

• For STM-0/1 electrical interfaces: A3R [A3S].

• For STM- Optical Interfaces: A3R and UH1.

• For STM-0/1/4 Optical Interfaces: A3R and 130 (1310 and 1550nm) or 131

(1310nm).

Application

The clock frequency and the amount of offset from the ITU standard rate can be measured to give an indication of probability of errors. The measurement can be made in out of service or monitor mode and is generally of short duration.

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

Test Setup Procedure (Frequency Measurement)

If measuring on live trafﬁc the measurement is interfaced at the line terminal equipment Monitor point.

The HP 37717C is used in a receive only mode to measure the PDH / DSn frequency. The PDH / DSn frequency is measured and compared with the internal ITU standard frequency selected

32

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

PDH / DSn Testing

Frequency Measurement

.

Figure 1 Frequency Measurement

1. Select SIGNAL [8 Mb/s] on the

RECEIVE

display.

For frequency measurement PATTERN; TERMINATION and CODE are not relevant.

2. Select

FREQUENCY

RESULTS

PDH

.

33

PDH / DSn Testing

Frequency Measurement

Run the Test (Frequency Measurement)

Connect the PDH / DSn IN port to the line terminal equipment monitor point.

The measured frequency and amount of offset from the internal standard is displayed.

If the PDH / DSn frequency is different from the selected BIT RATE the error message Unable to recover clock appears on the display. A FREQ reading is displayed but this should be ignored.

At the End of the Test (Frequency Measurement)

Disconnect the HP 37717C from the line terminal equipment.

34

PDH / DSn Testing

Frequency Offset Tolerance

Options Required

If checking frequency offset tolerance at PDH /DSn rates one of the following options is required.

• UKJ (USA) or UKK (USB) or 110 - Modules with PDH capability If checking frequency offset tolerance at SDH rates one of the following options

must be ﬁtted:

• A3R [A3S] - SDH Module

• A3R and UH1 (STM-1 Optical Interface)

• A3R and 130 or 131 - STM-0/1/4 Optical Interface

Application

The capability of the network equipment to reliably recover the clock is tested by varying the clock rate of the generated data and checking for the occurrence of transmission errors.

The measurement can be made via a loopback or in a cross-multiplexer conﬁguration, and is generally of short duration.

The ITU G.703 Recommendation for Clock Tolerance is:

• DS1 1.544 Mb/s ± 32 ppm

• E1 2.048 Mb/s ± 50 ppm

• E2 8.448 Mb/s ± 30 ppm

• E3 34.368 Mb/s ± 20 ppm

• DS3 44.736 Mb/s ± 20 ppm

• E4 139.264 Mb/s ± 15 ppm

In SDH systems if the master timing reference is lost a standby reference within 20 ppm can be used for a limited time:

• STM-1 155.520 Mb/s ± 20 ppm

• STM-4 622.080 Mb/s ± 20 ppm.

35

PDH / DSn Testing

Frequency Offset Tolerance

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS

OTHER

NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

Test Setup Procedure (Frequency Offset Tolerance)

This setup procedure tests the clock recovery capability of the line terminal equipment at 34 Mb/s using a PRBS pattern connected to the 75Ω interface. The frequency of the generated data is offset and the data is looped back and monitored for errors.

Figure 2 Frequency Offset Tolerance Test

1. Set up the

CONTROL

OTHER

display as shown below.

SETTINGS

Any settings change made on the

or displays will

TRANSMIT

RECEIVE

automatically occur on the other.

36

PDH / DSn Testing

Frequency Offset Tolerance

2. Set up the display as shown

RECEIVE

opposite. Select the PATTERN required from the

menu.

3. Set the

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

as shown opposite.

4. Select the PDH Results

RESULTS

display. Any of the other results can be selected

without affecting the measurement.

Continuity Check

Before running the test carry out a continuity test to verify the measurement path.

1. Connect a loopback at the desired point on the line terminal or cross-multiplexer equipment.

2. Press to start a measurement.

RUN/STOP

37

PDH / DSn Testing

Frequency Offset Tolerance

3. Press error add three times and check that the errors are recorded on the

RESULTS

4. Press to stop the measurement.

RUN/STOP

SINGLE

display.

Run the Test (Frequency Offset Tolerance)

1. Connect the HP 37717C to the 75Ω interface of the multiplexer and set up the

TRANSMIT

2. Press to start the

display as shown opposite.

RUN/STOP

measurement.

3. Select TX CLOCK OFFSET [+20ppm] and check that the Error Count and Error Ratio results are unchanged.

4. Select TX CLOCK OFFSET [-20ppm] and check that the Error Count and Error Ratio results are unchanged.

NOTE The OFFSET values used above conform to ITU, G.703 Recommendation. If

different values are required selection of [USER OFFSET] allows offsets of up to 100 ppm to be used.

At the End of the Test

1. Halt the test by pressing , and disconnect the HP 37717C.

RUN/STOP

2. Remove the loopback from the line terminal or cross-multiplexer equipment.

38

PDH / DSn Testing

Multiplexer Testing

Application

PDH multiplexers combine four lower rate signals into a higher rate signal for transmission or further multiplexing. It is important that each multiplexer port operates error free and no "crosstalk" occurs between ports.

Multiplexing of the tributaries can be veriﬁed by performing a BER test at each of the four ports. However a more rigorous test involves loading all four ports to simulate live trafﬁc conditions. This veriﬁes the individual ports and detects any crosstalk problems between the ports.

Default (Known State) Settings

It is advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state before setting up a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

Multiplexer Test Setup Procedure

The following Options must be ﬁtted to the HP 37717C to perform this test:

• UHC (US6) - Multiple Outputs

• UKJ (USA) or UKK (USB) or 110 - PDH Module

In this setup the PDH OUT signal and the three additional data outputs, from the Multiple Outputs option, load the 34 Mb/s input ports of the multiplexer. The HP 37717C (Structured PDH Option UKJ (USA)) destructures the 140 Mb/s signal and a BER test is performed on each of the 34 Mb/s signals in turn.

A SINGLE test period of 15 Minutes is used and the selected logging device is enabled to record results and alarms.

39

PDH / DSn Testing

Multiplexer Testing

Figure 3 Structured PDH Multiplexer Test

NOTE This test can be performed using the Unstructured PDH Option UKK (USB) but the

equipment conﬁguration is slightly different as shown below.

Figure 4 Unstructured PDH Multiplexer Test

40

PDH / DSn Testing

Multiplexer Testing

1. Connect the HP 37717C to the network equipment and set up the

SETTINGS CONTROL

OTHER

display as shown

opposite.

2. Set up the display

MAIN SETTINGS

TRANSMIT

as shown opposite.

PAYLOAD TYPE, PATTERN and PRBS POLARITY selections should meet the requirements of the network equipment.

3. Set up the display MAIN

RECEIVE

SETTINGS as shown below. PAYLOAD TYPE [STRUCTURED]

ensures the 140 Mb/s signal is destructured into the four 34 Mb/s test signals

41

PDH / DSn Testing

Multiplexer Testing

4. Set up the display

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

RECEIVE

as shown

opposite. The required 34 Mb/s test signal is

selected under 34Mb.

5. Select the logging output required with the display,

OTHER

function, LOGGING SETUP

LOGGING

DEVICE

then select LOGGING SETUP

CONTROL

and set up the display as

shown opposite.

Start the Multiplexer Test

6. Set the

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

as shown opposite.

42

PDH / DSn Testing

Multiplexer Testing

7. Set up the display as shown

RESULTS

opposite.

8. Press to start the

RUN/STOP

measurement.

9. Repeat the test for the other three 34 Mb/s signals, selectable on the

RECEIVE

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

display. G.821 ANALYSIS is selected but any of

the other results can be selected from the softkey menu without affecting the measurement.

• The measurement results and alarms are available on the display

RESULTS

during the test period.

• The test can be halted at any time by pressing .

RUN/STOP

At the End of the Multiplexer Test

• The Date and Time the test started and the instrument setup are logged on the

selected logging device.

• All results are logged on the selected logging device at the end of the test.

• Any alarms which occur during the test period will be logged on the selected

logging device.

43

PDH / DSn Testing

Round Trip Delay

Application

In certain applications the time taken for a signal to pass through the network can be very important for example Voice Trafﬁc where excessive delay can make speech difﬁcult to understand. The Round Trip delay feature of the HP 37717C allows measurement of the delay at any interface or test signal rate.

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

Test Setup Procedure (Round Trip Delay)

The following Option must be ﬁtted to the HP 37717C to perform this test:

OTHER

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

• UKJ (USA) or 110 - Structured PDH Module

This setup is interfaced at 140 Mb/s with a test signal of 64 kb/s. A test pattern is transmitted in the 64 kb/s slot and a timer is set running. A loopback is applied to the network equipment to return the test signal. The received pattern stops the timer and the Round Trip Delay is calculated.

Round Trip Delay

44

PDH / DSn Testing

Round Trip Delay

1. Connect the HP 37717C to the network equipment as shown and set up the

OTHER

SETTINGS CONTROL

display

as shown opposite. Any settings change made on the

or displays will

TRANSMIT

RECEIVE

automatically occur on the other.

2. Set up the display

MAIN SETTINGS

TRANSMIT

as shown opposite.

The SIGNAL rate and LINE CODE settings must match those of the network equipment.

Ensure that the TEST

TRANSMIT

FUNCTION display is set for bit errors.

3. Set up the display

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

TRANSMIT

as shown

opposite. The 2M PAYLOAD selection determines

the Framing which should match that of the network equipment.

The test 64 kb/s slot is selected under 34Mb; 8Mb; 2Mb; 64kb.

Continuity Check

Before running the test carry out a continuity test to verify the measurement path.

45

PDH / DSn Testing

Round Trip Delay

1. Connect a loopback at the desired point on the line terminal equipment and set up the display as shown opposite.

RESULTS

2. Press to start a

RUN/STOP

measurement.

3. Press error add three times

SINGLE

and check that the errors are recorded on the display.

RESULTS

4. Press to stop the

RUN/STOP

measurement.

Start the Test (Round Trip Delay)

5. Set the

RESULTS

TIMING CONTROL

as shown opposite.

6. Select the

TRIP DELAY

Select ACTION to start the test.

RESULTS

display.

ON

PDH RESULTS

The Round Trip Delay result is displayed in milliseconds.

The delay measurement range is up to 2 seconds. The Resolution varies according to the received rate:

• 2 Mb/s - 1µs

• 8, 34, 140 Mb/s - 10µs

• STM-1 - 0.5 ms

46

PDH / DSn Testing

M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 Analysis

Application

Previously ITU-T G.821 was the only international recommendation available to measure the quality of a communications link. ITU-T G.821 was originally an "Out of Service" measurement and analysis for commissioning a link and troubleshooting during severe disruption. The commissioning test was a one month "Out of Service" test based on errored and severely errored seconds. A one month test with the subsequent loss of revenue is clearly unacceptable.

Due to demand ITU-T G.821 also evolved into proprietary methods for "In Service" testing based on FAS and code errors. Demand for high quality leased lines meant an "In Service" performance standard, closer to real conditions and allowing comparisons between providers, was required.

The ITU-T M.2100 series was speciﬁcally deﬁned to provide a clear indication of link quality, for service providers using long term performance analysis. "Bringing into Service" and "repair criteria" analysis were also included.

M.2100 analysis is based on frame errors and provides Error Seconds (anomaly), Severely Errored Seconds (defect) and Unavailability results for receive and transmit directions. Transmit results are only av ailable for 2 Mb/s signals with CRC framing. "Out of Service" testing is only available for the receive direction. M.2110 is an "Out of Service" measurement for "bringing into service" testing of paths. A 15 minute BER test (G.821) is performed and if this is error free a 24 hour M.2110 test is performed. If the 24 hour M.2110 test displays PASS (S1 limit not reached) the path can be returned to service. If FAIL is displayed (S2 limit reached or exceeded) the 15 minute BER test should be repeated, If ? (UNCERTAIN)is displayed (result between the S1 and S2 limits) run the 7 day BIS test.

The PASS FAIL and UNCERTAIN parameters are determined by the S1 and S2 limits which are user selectable.

S2

BIS Objective (BISO)

S1

UNACCEPTABLE

REGION OF UNCERTAINTY

BRING INTO SERVICE

47

PDH / DSn Testing

M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 Analysis

Default (Known State) Settings

It can be advisable to set the HP 37717C to a known state prior to setting up to make a measurement. This clears all previous settings and provides a clearly deﬁned instrument state. Select , , set STORED SETTINGS

OTHER

NUMBER to 0 and ACTION to .

STORED SETTINGS

RECALL

Test Setup Procedure M2110 Analysis

The following Option must be ﬁtted to the HP 37717C to perform this test:

• UKJ - Structured PDH Module This setup procedure is interfaced at 140 Mb/s, with a test signal of 2 Mb/s with

PCM30CRC framing.

1. Set up the

CONTROL

OTHER

display as shown opposite.

SETTINGS

Any settings change made on the

] or displays will

TRANSMIT

RECEIVE

automatically occur on the other.

2. Connect the HP 37717C to the line equipment and set up the

MAIN SETTINGS

TRANSMIT

display as shown

opposite. The settings of SIGNAL rate and LINE

CODE must match those of the network equipment.

48

PDH / DSn Testing

M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 Analysis

3. Set up the display

STRUCTURED SETTINGS

TRANSMIT

as shown

opposite. 2M PAYLOAD selects the Framing which

must match that of the network equipment.

4. Set up the display as shown

RESULTS

opposite.

5. Press to start the

RUN/STOP

measurement. At the end of the test period check that the

G.821 results are error free.

49

PDH / DSn Testing

M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 Analysis

6. Set up the display as shown

RESULTS

opposite Select the Path Allocation value required

in the range 0.5% to 40%. The Path Allocation value determines the

S1 and S2 limits and these will change on the display as the Path Allocation value is changed.

7. Set up the display as shown

RESULTS

opposite. Press to start the

RUN/STOP

measurement.

8. View the M.2110 results. BIS Results of PASS, FAIL and ?

(uncertain) are possible. If P ASS is displayed (S1 limit not reached)

the path may be returned to service immediately.

If FAIL is displayed (S2 limit reached or exceeded) repeat the BER (G.821) test.

If ? is displayed (result between the S1 and S2 limits) run the 7 day BIS test.

50

3

Trouble Scan page 52 Short Term Results page 53 Cumulative Results page 54 PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

page 55

Alarm Seconds page 70 Frequency Measurement page 71

3 Result Deﬁnitions

Information about the PDH results.

Result Deﬁnitions

Trouble Scan

All possible error sources and alarms are scanned simultaneously. Up to 4 non-zero error counts are displayed in priority order.

Error Count Priority

UPDH (Option UKK[USB])

CRC BIT CODE FRAME REBE

SDH (Option A3R [A3S]) SPDH

RS B1 BIP or B1 BIP MS B2 BIP or B2 BIP Path B3 BIP or B3 BIP VC3 PATH BIP TU2 BIP TU12 BIP A1A2 FRAME MS FEBE or MS REI PATH FEBE or HP REI PATH IEC or HP IEC VC3 PATH FEBE or HP REI TU2 FEBE or LP REI TU12 FEBE or LP REI BIT

(Option UKJ[USA] )

CRC BIT CODE FAS 140M FAS 34M FAS 8M FAS 2M REBE

SPDH (Option

110)

CRC4(E2) CRC6(DS1ESF) BIT CODE FRAME REBE(E1) CP-Parity (DS3 CBP framing) P-Parity (DS3 framing) FEBE (DS3 CBP framing)

ATM (Option UKN) + SDH

B1 BIP (SDH only) B2 BIP (SDH only) B3 BIP (SDH only) Non Corrected HEC Corrected HEC Lost Cells Misinserted Cells Path FEBE or REI Bit Errored Cells

ATM (Option UKN) + SPDH

EM BIP Non Corrected HEC Corrected HEC Lost Cells Misinserted Cells EM FEBE Bit Errored Cells

If any alarms are active "ALARMS ACTIVE" is displayed.

SHOW HISTORY

and the alarm led’s can be used to determine which

alarms are active. If no alarms are active and no non-zero error counts are detected then

"NO TROUBLE" is displayed.

52

Result Deﬁnitions

Short Term Results

Displays period results obtained during the measurement. The period is user-deﬁned under SHORT TERM PERIOD on the display. Many result parameters are presented in two forms: a count of error events (EC or COUNT) and a ratio of the number of errors to the total possible in the time period (ER or RATIO).

PDH Results (Options UKJ[USA], UKK[USB] and 110)

BIT EC Counts Bit errors occurring during the Short Term

Period.

BIT ER Calculates the ratio of Bit errors to the number of

clocks in the Short Term Period.

CODE EC Counts Code errors occurring during the Short Term

Period.

CODE ER Calculates the ratio of Code errors to the number of

clocks in the Short Term Period.

FRAME (FAS) Compares the received FAS word with the correct

value.

CRC Compares the received CRC4 with the calculated CRC4

(2 Mb/s only).

REBE Detects Bit 1 of the NFAS word in frames 13 and 15

being set to 0 (2 Mb/s only).

RESULTS

If Option 110 (DS1 and DS3 line rates and payloads provided) or option UKJ and A3R is ﬁtted, (DS1 and DS3 payloads) the following additional results are available:

DS1 CRC Compares the received CRC6 with the calculated

CRC6.

DS3 P-Bit Compares the received P-Bit parity with the calculated

parity.

DS3 C-Bit Compares the received C-Bit parity with the calculated

parity

DS3 FEBE Calculated from the received FEBE bits.

53

Result Deﬁnitions

Cumulative Results

Provides a cumulative display of the results during the measurement period. Many result parameters are presented in two forms: a count of error events (EC or COUNT) and a ratio of the number of errors to the total possible in the time period (ER or RATIO).

PDH Results (Options UKJ[USA], UKK [USB] and 110)

BIT EC Counts Bit errors occurring during the measurement

Period.

BIT ER Calculates the ratio of Bit errors to the number of

clocks in the measurement Period.

CODE EC Counts Code errors occurring during the measurement

Period.

CODE ER Calculates the ratio of Code errors to the number of

clocks in the measurement Period.

FRAME (FAS) Compares the received FAS word with the correct

value.

CRC Compares the received CRC4 with the calculated CRC4

(2 Mb/s only).

REBE Detects Bit 1 of the NFAS word in frames 13 and 15

being set to 0 (2 Mb/s only).

If Option 110 (DS1 and DS3 line rates and payloads provided) or option UKJ and A3R is ﬁtted, (DS1 and DS3 payloads) the following additional results are available:

DS1 CRC Compares the received CRC6 with the calculated

CRC6.

DS3 P-Bit Compares the received P-Bit parity with the calculated

parity.

DS3 C-Bit Compares the received C-Bit parity with the calculated

parity

DS3 FEBE Calculated from the received FEBE bits.

54

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Analysis results are calculated for the following error sources:

Option UKK[USB]

Out of Service G.821 BIT (All Rates)

M.2100 (All Rates)

In-Service G.821 FRAME (Not 704 kb/s),

G.821 CRC and REBE (2 Mb/s, CRC Framing only).

Option UKJ[USA], 110

G.821 BIT and FAS (2,8,34,140 Mb/s), CRC and REBE (2 Mb/s, CRC Framing only).

G.826 (All Rates) M.2100 (All Rates) M.2110 BIS Bring Into Service (All Rates) M.2120 Circuit Maintenance (All Rates)

G.821 Bit Errors

These result from a bit by bit comparison of the received pattern and the internal reference pattern.

Table 3-1 PDH G.821 - Bit Analysis

Display Deﬁnition

EC Error Count - Cumulative Bit error count during the measurement period. ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

% Ann. D ES

Bit error. Percentage Error Seconds is also displayed - error seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

Percentage Annex D Error Seconds - As% ES , only error second is normalised to 64 kb/s rate as per ITU-T G.821 Annex D.

55

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-1 PDH G.821 - Bit Analysis

Display Deﬁnition

EFS Error Free Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain zero

SES Severely Errored Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time in which

UNAV Unavailable Seconds - Cumulative count of unavailable seconds. A period of una vailability

DEG MIN Degrade Minutes - Cumulative count of degraded minutes. Available seconds, excluding

CODE ES Code Errored Second - Cumulative count of seconds that contain at least 1 Code error.

errors. Percentage Error Free Seconds is also displayed - error free seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

-3

the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in 10 severely errored seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in

-3

, and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio

10 is < 1 in 10-3. Percentage Unavailable Seconds is also displayed - unavailable seconds

expressed as a percentage of the total elapsed time.

Severely Errored Seconds, are packaged into 1 minute blocks. The Bit Error Ratio for the packaged block is measured and if it exceeds 1 in 10

Percentage Degraded Minutes is also displayed -Degraded Minutes expressed as a percentage of the total number of packaged 1 minute blocks.

. Percentage Sev erely Errored Seconds is also displa y ed -

-6

G.821 Frame (FAS) Errors

These result from a bit by bit comparison of the received FAS word with the correct value, once frame alignment has been achieved.

Table 3-2 PDH G.821 - Frame (FAS) Analysis (Not 704 kb/s)

a Degraded Minute is registered.

Display Deﬁnition

EC Error Count - Cumulative Frame error count during the measurement period. ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

% Ann. D ES

EFS Error Free Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain z ero

SES Severely Errored Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time in which

Frame error. Percentage Error Seconds is also displayed - error seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

Percentage Annex D Error Seconds - As % ES, only error second is normalized to 64 kb/ s rate as per ITU-T G.821 Annex D.

errors. Percentage Error Free Seconds is also displayed - error free seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

-3

the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in 10 severely errored seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

. Percentage Sev erely Errored Seconds is also displa y ed -

56

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-2 PDH G.821 - Frame (FAS) Analysis (Not 704 kb/s)

Display Deﬁnition

UNAV Unavailable Seconds - Cumulative count of unavailable seconds. A period of una vailability

DEG MIN Degraded Minutes - Cumulative count of degraded minutes. Available seconds, excluding

CODE ES Code Errored Second - Cumulative count of seconds that contain at least 1 Code error.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in

-3

, and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio

10 is < 1 in 10-3. Percentage Unavailable Seconds is also displayed - unavailable seconds

expressed as a percentage of the total elapsed time.

Severely Errored Seconds, are packaged into 1 minute blocks. The Bit Error Ratio for the packaged block is measured and if it exceeds 1 in 10

Percentage Degraded Minutes is also displayed - degraded minutes expressed as a percentage of the total number of packaged 1 minute blocks.

-6

a Degraded Minute is registered.

G.821 CRC Errors

These result from a comparison of the received CRC4 with the calculated CRC4.

Table 3-3 PDH G.821 - CRC Analysis (2 Mb/s, CRC Framing)

Display Deﬁnition

EC Error Count - Cumulative CRC error count during the measurement period. ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

CRC error. Percentage Error Seconds is also displayed - error seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

% Ann. D ES

EFS Error Free Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain zero

SES Severely Errored Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time in which

UNAV Unavailable Seconds - Cumulative count of unavailable seconds. A period of una vailability

Percentage Annex D Error Seconds - As % ES, only error second is normalized to 64 kb/ s rate as per ITU-T G.821 Annex D.

errors. Percentage Error Free Seconds is also displayed - error free seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

-3

the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in 10 severely errored seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in

-3

, and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio

10 is < 1 in 10-3. Percentage Unavailable Seconds is also displayed - unavailable seconds

expressed as a percentage of the total elapsed time.

. Percentage Sev erely Errored Seconds is also displa y ed -

57

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-3 PDH G.821 - CRC Analysis (2 Mb/s, CRC Framing)

Display Deﬁnition

DEG MIN Degrade Minutes - Cumulative count of degraded minutes. Available seconds, excluding

CODE ES Code Errored Second - Cumulative count of seconds that contain at least 1 Code error.

Severely Errored Seconds, are packaged into 1 minute blocks. The Bit Error Ratio for the packaged block is measured and if it exceeds 1 in 10

Percentage Degraded Minutes is also displayed - degraded minutes expressed as a percentage of the total number of packaged 1 minute blocks.

-6

a Degraded Minute is registered.

G.821 REBE Errors

These are calculated from bit 1 of the NFAS word in frames 13 and 15 of the received 2 Mb/s.

Table 3-4 PDH G.821 - REBE Analysis (2 Mb/s, CRC Framing)

Display Deﬁnition

EC Error Count - Cumulative REBE error count during the measurement period. ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

% Ann. D ES

EFS Error Free Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain z ero

REBE error. Percentage Error Seconds is also displayed - error seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

Percentage Annex D Error Seconds - As % ES, only error second is normalized to 64 kb/ s rate as per ITU-T G.821 Annex D.

errors. Percentage Error Free Seconds is also displayed - error free seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

SES Severely Errored Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within available time in which

UNAV Unavailable Seconds - Cumulative count of unavailable seconds. A period of una vailability

DEG MIN Degraded Minutes - Cumulative count of degraded minutes. Available seconds excluding

CODE ES Code Errored Second - Cumulative count of seconds that contain at least 1 Code error.

the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in 10 severely errored seconds expressed as a percentage of the available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio is > 1 in

-3

, and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive seconds in which the Bit Error Ratio

10 is < 1 in 10

expressed as a percentage of the total elapsed time.

Severely Errored Seconds, are packaged into 1 minute blocks. The Bit Error Ratio for the packaged block is measured and if it exceeds 1 in 10

Percentage Degraded Minutes is also displayed - degraded minutes expressed as a percentage of the total number of packaged 1 minute blocks.

-3

. Percentage Unavailable Seconds is also displayed - unavailable seconds

-3

. Percentage Sev erely Errored Seconds is also displa y ed -

-6

a Degraded Minute is registered.

58

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

G.826 PDH Analysis

PDH G.826 Analysis results are only available on Option UKJ[USA],110.

Table 3-5 PDH G.826 Analysis - 2 Mb/s CRC4 Framed (PCM30CRC, PCM31CRC)

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

FAR ES Transmit Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

EB Errored Block count - An errored block is a CRC4 with one or more bits in error. BBE Background Block Error count - Cumulative count of errored blocks excluding those in

BBER Background Block Error Ratio - The ratio of errored blocks to total blocks. Total blocks

PUAS Path Unavailable Second count - Logical OR of the Near and Far end unavailable

least 1 G.703 Code error or 1 CRC error.

least 1 REBE error.

available time that contain at least 805 CRC errors or a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF and AIS.

available time that contain at least 805 REBE errors or RAI has occurred f or 2 consecutive 100 ms periods. Near-end occurrences of LOS, LOF and AIS are not included in the cumulative result.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

severely errored seconds.

excludes severely errored seconds and periods of unavailability.

seconds.

Table 3-6 PDH G.826 Analysis - 2 Mb/s Framed - Not CRC4

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

least 1 G.703 Code error or 1 Frame error.

59

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-6 PDH G.826 Analysis - 2 Mb/s Framed - Not CRC4

Display Deﬁnition

FAR ES Transmit Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time where RAI

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

occurs for 2 consecutive 100 ms periods.

available time that contain at least 28 F r ame errors or BER 1X10 are LOS, LOF, PSL and AIS.

available time where RAI occurs for 2 consecutiv e 100 ms periods. Near-end occurrences of LOS, LOF and AIS are not included in the cumulative result.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-7 PDH G.826 Analysis - 2 Mb/s Unframed

Display Deﬁnition

ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

SES Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within available time

G.703 Code error.

that contain a DEFECT. Defects are LOS and AIS.

-3

, or a DEFECT . Defects

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

60

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-8 PDH G.826 Analysis - 8 Mb/s Framed

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

FAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time where RAI

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

least 1 Frame error.

occurs for 2 consecutive 100 ms periods.

available time that contain at least 41 Frame errors or BER 1X10 are LOS, LOF, AIS and PSL.

available time where RAI occurs for 2 consecutiv e 100 ms periods. Near-end occurrences of LOS, LOF and AIS are not included in the cumulative result.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-9 PDH G.826 Analysis - 34 Mb/s Framed

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

least 1 Frame error.

-3

or a DEFECT. Defects

FAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time where RAI

occurs for 2 consecutive 100 ms periods.

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

available time that contain at least 52 Frame errors or a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF, AIS and PSL.

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

available time where RAI occurs for 2 consecutiv e 100 ms periods. Near-end occurrences of LOS, LOF and AIS are not included in the cumulative result.

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

seconds of available time.

61

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-9 PDH G.826 Analysis - 34 Mb/s Framed

Display Deﬁnition

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-10 PDH G.826 Analysis - 140 Mb/s Framed

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

FAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time where RAI

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

least 1 Frame error.

occurs for 2 consecutive 100 ms periods.

available time that contain at least 69 Frame errors or a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF, AIS.

available time where RAI occurs for 2 consecutiv e 100 ms periods. Near-end occurrences of LOS, LOF and AIS are not included in the cumulative result.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-11 PDH G.826 Analysis - 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s Unframed

Display Deﬁnition

ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

SES Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within available time

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

DEFECT. Defects are LOS and AIS.

that contain a DEFECT. Defects are LOS and AIS.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

62

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-11 PDH G.826 Analysis - 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s Unframed

Display Deﬁnition

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-12 G.826 Analysis DS1 Unframed

Display Deﬁnition

ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

SES Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within available time

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF and DS1 AIS.

that contain a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF and DS1 AIS.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-13 G.826 Analysis DS3 Unframed

Display Deﬁnition

ES Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1

DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF.

SES Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within available time

that contain a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF.

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

seconds of available time.

63

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-13 G.826 Analysis DS3 Unframed

Display Deﬁnition

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-14 PDH G.826 Analysis - DS1, D4 & SLC-96 Framing

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

FAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

least 1 Frame error.

least 1 DS1 FERF.

available time that contain at least 8 Frame errors or a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF, DS1 Frame Loss and DS1 AIS.

available time that contain at least 1 DS1 FERF.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

Table 3-15 PDH G.826 Analysis - DS1, ESF Framing

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

FAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at

least 1CRC6 error.

least 1 DS1 FERF.

64

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-15 PDH G.826 Analysis - DS1, ESF Framing

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

EB Errored Block count - An errored block is a CRC6 with one or more bits in error. BBE Background Block Error count - Cumulative count of errored blocks excluding those in

BBER Background Block Error Ratio - The ratio of errored blocks to total blocks. Total blocks

PUAS Path Unavailable Second count - Logical OR of the Near and Far end unavailable

available time that contain at least 320 CRC6 errors or a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF, DS1 Frame Loss and DS1 AIS.

available time that contain at least 1 DS1 FERF.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

severely errored seconds.

excludes severely errored seconds and periods of unavailability.

seconds.

Table 3-16 PDH G.826 Analysis - DS3, M13 Framing

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

least 1 P-Bit parity error.

FAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at

least 1 DS3 FERF.

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

available time that contain at least 2444 P-Bit parity or a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF, DS3 Frame Loss and DS3 AIS.

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

available time that contain at least 1 DS3 FERF.

65

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-16 PDH G.826 Analysis - DS3, M13 Framing

Display Deﬁnition

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

EB Errored Block count - An errored block is a P-Bit parity with one or more bits in error. BBE Background Block Error count - Cumulative count of errored blocks excluding those in

BBER Background Block Error Ratio - The ratio of errored blocks to total blocks. Total blocks

PUAS Path Unavailable Second count - Logical OR of the Near and Far end unavailable

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

severely errored seconds.

excludes severely errored seconds and periods of unavailability.

seconds.

Table 3-17 PDH G.826 Analysis - DS3, C-Bit Framing

Display Deﬁnition

NEAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

least 1 Frame error.

FAR ES Receive Error Second - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at

NEAR SES Receive Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

FAR SES Transmit Severely errored Seconds - Cumulative count of 1 second periods within

ESR Error Second Ratio - The ratio of errored seconds to the total seconds of av ailab le time . A

SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio - The ratio of severely errored seconds to the total

least 1 DS1 FERF.

available time that contain at least 8 Frame errors or a DEFECT. Defects are LOS, LOF, DS1 Frame Loss and DS1 AIS.

available time that contain at least 1 DS1 FERF.

period of unavailability begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

seconds of available time.

66

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-17 PDH G.826 Analysis - DS3, C-Bit Framing

Display Deﬁnition

UAS Unav ailable Seconds - Cumulativ e count of unav ailable seconds . A period of unavailability

EB Errored Block count - An errored block is a frame byte with one or more bits in error. BBE Background Block Error count - Cumulative count of errored blocks excluding those in

BBER Background Block Error Ratio - The ratio of errored blocks to total blocks. Total blocks

PUAS Path Unavailable Second count - Logical OR of the Near and Far end unavailable

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive severely errored seconds and ends at the start of 10 or more consecutive non severely errored seconds.

severely errored seconds.

excludes severely errored seconds and periods of unavailability.

seconds.

PDH M.2100 Analysis

For Option UKK[USB], Analysis results based on ITU-T G .821 or M.2100 can be selected on the display under

OTHER

RESULTS DISPLAY MODE. For Option UKJ[USA], 110 Analysis results based on ITU-T G.821 or

M.2100 can be selected on the [PDH] [ERROR ANALYSIS] display.

M.2100 Analysis is based on Frame/CRC/REBE errors.

Table 3-18 PDH M.2100 - Analysis (Not 704 kb/s)

MISCELLANEOUS

RESULTS

Display Deﬁnition

RX ES Receive Error Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within av ailable time that contain at

least 1 FAS error. 2 Mb/s, CRC Framing - Cumulative count of seconds within available time that contain at least 1 CRC4 error.

TX ES Transmit Error Seconds - 2 Mb/s, CRC Framing only. Cumulative count of seconds within

available time that contain at least 1 REBE error.

RX SES Receive Severely Errored Seconds - Cumulative count of seconds within availab le time in

which the error ratio exceeds a threshold. The threshold changes according to the selected rate as follows: 140 Mb/s - ≥ 568 Frame Bit errors 34 Mb/s - ≥ 223 Frame Bit errors 8 Mb/s - ≥ 99 Frame Bit errors 2 Mb/s (Non CRC4) - ≥ 28 Frame Bit errors 2 Mb/s (CRC4) - ≥ 830 CRC4 errors

TX SES Transmit Severely Errored Seconds - 2 Mb/s, CRC Framing only. Cumulative count of

seconds within available time that contain ≥ 830 REBE errors.

67

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

Table 3-18 PDH M.2100 - Analysis (Not 704 kb/s)

Display Deﬁnition

UNAV Unavailable Seconds - Cumulative count of unavailable second. A period of unavailability

begins at the start of 10 or more consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, and ends at the start of 10 or more non Severely Errored Seconds.

68

Result Deﬁnitions

PDH Error Analysis G.821, G.826, M.2100, M.2110, M.2120

PDH M.2110 BIS (Bring Into Service)

Provides a 2 Hour, 24 Hour and 7 Day PASS, FAIL, ? indication for BIS testing as described in M.2110. The ES and SES results are compared to the S1 and S2 thresholds and indicate PASS, FAIL or ? (uncertain). If the result is “uncertain”, the procedures laid down in M.2110 should be followed.

The S1 and S2 thresholds can be set in two different ways:

1. USER PROGRAM - S1 and S2 values are input by the user.

2. PATH ALLOCATION - The HP 37717C calculates the S1 and S2 values, from the user entered Path Allocation value, according to tables and procedures in M.2100.

PDH M.2120 Circuit Maintenance

Provides a threshold report when any of the relevant thresholds are exceeded within a 15 Minute (TR1 ES & SES) or 24 Hour period (TR2 ES & SES).

The TR1 and TR2 thresholds can be set in two different ways:

1. USER PROGRAM - TR1 ES & SES and TR2 ES & SES values are input by the user.

2. PATH ALLOCATION - The HP 37717C calculates the TR1 and TR2 values, from the user entered Path Allocation and Maintenance Factor. The Maintenance Factor is a scaling factor used only to calculate the TR2 threshold from the entered Path Allocation.

69

Result Deﬁnitions

Alarm Seconds

PDH Alarm Seconds

Alarm Second measurements are carried out on all the alarms in PDH Status/Alarm Indications except for Clock Loss and FEAC codes (option 120 instruments).

Table 3-19 PDH Alarm Seconds

Alarm Options Description

Power Loss UKJ[USA], UKK[USB], 110 All rates Loss of Signal UKJ[USA], UKK[USB], 110 All rates AIS UKJ[USA], UKK[USB], 110 All rates Pattern Loss UKJ[USA], UKK[USB], 110 All rates LOF 140M UKJ[USA], 110 140 Mb/s Frame Loss LOF 34M UKJ[USA], 110 34 Mb/s Frame Loss LOF 8M UKJ[USA], 110 8 Mb/s Frame Loss LOF 2M UKJ[USA], 110 2 Mb/s Frame Loss Frame Loss UKK[USB] 2 Mb/s In Service Only DS1 OOF 110 Frame Loss detected DS3 OOF 110 Frame Loss detected DS1 AIS 110 Detection of AIS DS3 AIS 110 Detection of AIS RAI /X-BIT/YELLOW UKJ[USA], UKK[USB], 110 Not 704 kb/s Multiframe Loss UKJ[USA], UKK[USB], 110 2 Mb/s, CAS or CRC Framing Remote M’Frame Alarm UKJ[USA], UKK[USB], 110 2 Mb/s, CAS Framing Only Excess Zero 110 DS1: applies to B8ZS only. DS3 Idle 110 Available DS3 only. DS3 Framing Mismatch 110 Frame format does not match

received format

70

Result Deﬁnitions

Frequency Measurement

Frequency measurement is available at standard PDH and SDH rates. The measured frequency is displayed in Hz with 1 Hz resolution. Offset from the standard rate is displayed in Hz and ppm (parts per

million). The measurement is carried out continuously, regardless of the state of the RUN/STOP key selection.

71

Result Deﬁnitions

Frequency Measurement

72

4

4 PDH Logging Messages

PDH Logging Messages

Logging Devices

Results may be logged to the Disc Drive. A color bit map of graphics results can be recorded on the disk drive by using the screen dump feature.

If Remote Control Option A3X is ﬁtted, results may be logged to the Internal Printer.

If Remote Control Option A3B or A3D, is ﬁtted results can be logged to an external HP DeskJet printer or suitable alternative non HP printer.

An alternative suppliers RS-232-C printer can be 40 column width or 80 column width. If a 40 column width printer is used Graphics results cannot be logged.

74

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

Header and results are logged to the selected device when:

• is pressed.

• If LOGGING [ON] is selected on the display and a

|==============================================================================| | Hewlett Packard HP37717C | | Instrument Configuration | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | RECEIVER | | Receive Signal : 34 Mb/s Termination : 75 Ohm UNBAL | | Linecode : HDB3 Payload : FRAMED | | Payload Type : UNFRAMED | | Pattern : 2^23-1 Polarity : INVERTED | | Hit Threshold : 1.00 Filter : OFF | | Range : 1.6 UI RMS Filter : 12 kHZ HP | | | | MEASUREMENT STARTED 23 Jul 97 13:09:02 Print Period 10 Minutes | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

Logging Header Example

PRINT NOW

measurement is started by pressing

OTHER

RUN/STOP

LOGGING

75

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

If is pressed the cumulative results are logged. If a measurement is in

PRINT NOW

progress the current results are logged. If a measurement is not in progress the cumulative results for the last measurement are logged.

During the Measurement Period

If LOG ERROR SECOND [ON] is selected on the LOGGING display all occurrences of an Error Second will be logged:

• Bit

• Code (PDH)

• Frame (PDH)

• CRC (PDH)

• REBE (PDH)

• DS3 Frame (SDH)

• DS3 P-Bit (SDH)

• DS3 C-Bit (SDH)

• DS3 FEBE (SDH)

• DS1 Frame (SDH)

• DS1 CRC6 (SDH)

• A1A2 FRAME (SDH)

• RS B1 BIP/B1 BIP (SDH)

• MS B2 BIP/B2 BIP (SDH)

• MS FEBE/RS REI (SDH)

OTHER

• Path B3 BIP/B3 BIP (SDH)

• Path FEBE/HP REI (SDH)

• Path IEC/HP IEC (SDH)

• TU Path BIP (SDH)

• TU Path FEBE/LP REI (SDH)

• Hit Count (Jitter)

• Hit seconds (Jitter)

• Positive Peak Amplitude (Jitter)

76

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

• Negative Peak Amplitude (Jitter)

• Peak to Peak Amplitude (Jitter)

• RMS Amplitude (Jitter)

• Positive Peak (2Mb/s Wander)

• Negative Peak (2Mb/s Wander)

• Peak to Peak (2Mb/s Wander)

• Peak to Peak (15 min) (2Mb/s Wander)

• Peak to Peak (24 hours) (2Mb/s Wander)

• Time Interval Error (2Mb/s Wander)

• Estimated Bit Slips (2Mb/s Wander)

• Estimated Frame Slips (2Mb/s Wander)

• EM BIP (ATM)

• FEBE/REI (ATM)

• Corrected HEC (ATM)

• Non Corrected HEC (ATM)

• Cell Loss (ATM)

• Errored Cells (ATM)

• Misinserted Cells (ATM)

All Alarm occurrences will be logged both when set and cleared:

• Signal Loss

• AIS (PDH & ATM)

• Pattern Sync Loss (PDH & ATM)

• Loss Of Frame (SDH, PDH & ATM)

• Out Of Frame (SDH)

• Multiframe (PDH)

• Remote Loss (PDH)

• Remote Multiframe Loss (PDH)

• Loss of Pointer (SDH)

77

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

• MS AIS (SDH)

• Path AIS/AU AIS (SDH)

• Pattern Loss (SDH)

• Clock Loss (SDH)

• MS FERF/MS RDI (SDH)

• Path FERF/HP RDI (SDH)

• K1K2 Change (SDH)

• H4 Multiframe Loss (SDH)

• TU Loss of Pointer (SDH)

• TU AIS (SDH)

• TU Path FERF/LP RDI (SDH)

• DS3 Frame Loss (SDH)

• DS3 AIS (SDH)

• DS3 FERF (SDH)

• DS1 Frame Loss (SDH)

• DS1 AIS (SDH)

• DS1 FERF (SDH)

• Jitter Lock Loss (Option UHN[US9])

• Excess Jitter (Option UHN[US9])

• Excess Wander (Option UHN[US9])

• Wander Ref Loss (Option UHN[US9])

• Wander Signal Loss (Option UHN[US9])

• FERF/RDI (ATM)

• Loss of Cell Sync (ATM)

• Selected Cell Not Received (ATM)

• Congestion Experienced (ATM)

• Test Cell Loss (ATM)

• VP AIS (ATM)

78

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

• VP FERF/VP RDI (ATM)

• VC AIS (ATM)

• VC FERF/VC RDI (ATM)

In addition the following events are logged:

• All Alarms Clear

• Power Failure

• Power Restored

• New Day

• Squelched - Printing stopped to conserve paper during period of Unavailability

• Unsquelched - Printing restarted after period of Unavailability

• Print Demanded - if is pressed.

• Print Period - if selected on display.

PRINT NOW

OTHER

LOGGING

• Printing Enabled - if Printer enabled during a measurement.

• Measurement Complete

Logging During Measurement Example

79

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

At the End of the Measurement Period

A complete set of measurement results are logged.

80

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

Logging At End of Measurement Example

Bar Graph Logging

To log the Bar Graphs: On the display, LOGGING SETUP , select the

OTHER

required logging device under LOGGING PORT . On the CONTROL display, select LOGGING [ON] .

OTHER

Display the Bar Graphs required on the Bar Graph display and press . Select .

THIS SCREEN

The Error Summary, the Alarm Summary, the selected Bar Graphs and the Alarms Graph are logged.

LOGGING DEVICE

LOGGING

PRINT

81

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

Bar Graph Logging

82

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

Graphics Text Results Logging

To log the Alarm Summaries: Select the required logging device under LOGGING PORT on the

LOGGING

Select LOGGING [ON] on the display (RS232 or HPIB).

display.

OTHER

LOGGING

Display the results required on the Text Results display and press .

OTHER

PRINT

The Error Summary and Alarm Summary are logged.

Results Snapshot Logging

To log the Results Snapshot: Select the required External logging device under LOGGING PORT on the

OTHER

LOGGING

Select LOGGING [ON] on the display. Select LOG ON DEMAND [RESULTS] on the display and

press .

PRINT NOW

|==============================================================================| | Hewlett Packard HP37717C | | Instrument Configuration | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | RECEIVER | | Receive Signal : 34 Mb/s Termination : 75 Ohm UNBAL | | Linecode : HDB3 Payload : FRAMED | | Payload Type : UNFRAMED | | Pattern : 2^23-1 Polarity : INVERTED | | Hit Threshold : 1.00 Filter : OFF | | Range : 1.6 UI RMS Filter : 12 kHZ HP | | | | MEASUREMENT STARTED 23 Jul 97 13:09:02 Print Period 10 Minutes | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |==============================================================================| | 13:10:07 PRINT DEMANDED- RESULTS SNAPSHOT Elapsed Time 00d 00h 01m 04s| |==============================================================================| | Cumulative Results | | | | Error Results : | | FAS 140M FAS 34M FAS 8M FAS 2M | | Error Count N/A 0 N/A N/A | | Error Ratio N/A 0 N/A N/A | | | | BIT (test) CODE CRC REBE | | Error Count 946675 0 N/A N/A | | Error Ratio 4.275E-04 0 N/A N/A | | | | JITTER | | Hit Count 0 | | Hit Seconds 0 |

display.

OTHER

LOGGING

OTHER

LOGGING

83

PDH Logging Messages

Results Logging

Results Snapshot Logging Example

84

Index

A

Alarm Monitoring, 10 Alarm scan display, 12 Alarm Seconds

PDH, 70 Alarm seconds display, 12 Analysis of N X 64 kb/s, 13

B

Bar Graph Logging, 81 BERT Testing, 17 Binary Interfaces, Option UH3 (US7)

Module Information, 5

C

Coupled Settings, 48 Cross Multiplexer Testing, 22

D

Default Settings, 48 DS1, DS3, E1 and E3 Interfaces for ATM

Payloads, Option UKZ

Module Information, 7

E

End to End BERT Testing, 17

F

FAS Monitoring, 28 Frequency Measurement, 32, 71 Frequency Offset Tolerance, 35

G

G.821 Analysis

Bit, 55

CRC, 57

Frame (FAS), 56

REBE, 58 G.826 Analysis

140 Mb/s Framed, 62

2 Mb/s CRC4 Framed, 59

2 Mb/s Framed Not CRC4, 59

2 Mb/s Unframed, 60

34 Mb/s Framed, 61

8 Mb/s Framed, 61

8, 34 and 140 Mb/s Unframed, 62

DS1 Unframed, 63

DS1, D4 & SLC-96 Framing, 64

DS1, ESF Framing, 64 DS3 Unframed, 63 DS3, C-Bit Framing, 66 DS3, M23 Framing, 65

Graph

Storage resolution selection, 21

Graphics

Bar Graph Logging, 82 Logging Bar Graphs, 81

I

Introduction to PDH, 2

L

Logging At End of Measuremen, 81 Logging Bar Graphs, 82 Logging Devices, 74 Logging During Measurement, 79 Logging Header, 75 Logging Results

At end of Measurement, 80 Bar Graphs, 80 During Measurement, 76 Error & Alarm Summaries, 83 Graphics Text, 83 Logging Header, 75 Result Snapshot, 83

Loopback BERT Testing, 18

M

M.2100 Frame Analysis, 67 M.2110 BIS Analysis, 69 M.2120 Circuit Maintenance, 69 M2100, M2110, M2120 Analysis, 47 Multiple PDH Outputs, Option UHC

Module Information, 6

Multiplexer Testing, 39

P

PDH Alarm Seconds, 70 PDH Results

Cumulative, 54 Error Analysis, 55–69 Short Term, 53

R

Receive and transmit settings linked, 14 Results Definitions

Cumulative PDH, 54 Frequency Measurement, 71 G.821 Bit Analysis, 55 G.821 CRC Analysis, 57 G.821 Frame Analysis, 56 G.821 REBE Analysis, 58 G.826 PDH Analysis, 59 M.2100 Analysis, 67 M.2110 Analysis, 69 M.2120 Analysis, 69 PDH Alarm Seconds, 70 Short Term PDH, 53

Trouble Scan, 52 Results Snapshot Logging Example, 84 Round Trip Delay, 44

S

Settings Coupled, 48 Short Term Results

PDH, 53 Storage resolution selection, 21 Structured PDH Multiplexer Test, 40

T

Timeslot selection, 14 Transmit and receive settings linked, 14 Trouble Scan, 52

U

Unstructured PDH Multiplexer Test, 40 Unstructured PDH, Option UKK

Module Information, 3

85

Index

86

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices

If you need technical assistance with a Hewlett-Packard test and measurement product or application please contact the Hewlett-Packard ofﬁce or distributor in your country.

Asia Paciﬁc:

Hong Kong:

Tel: (852) 2599 7889

India:

Tel: (91-11) 682-6000

Japan:

Hewlett-Packard Japan Ltd. Measurement Assistance Center 9-1, Takakura-Cho, Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo 192-8510, Japan Tel: (81) 426-56-7832 Fax: (81) 426-56-7840

Korea:

Tel: (82-2) 769 0800

Malaysia:

Tel: (60-3) 291 0213

For countries in Asia Paciﬁc not listed, contact:

Hewlett-Packard Asia Paciﬁc Ltd 17-21/F Shell Tower, Times Square, 1 Matheson Street Causeway Bay Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2599 7777 Fax: (852) 2506 9285

Australia/New Zealand:

Hewlett-Packard Australia Ltd. 31-41 Joseph Street Blackburn, Victoria 3130 Australia Tel: 1 800 629 485

Canada:

Hewlett-Packard Canada Ltd. 5150 Spectrum Way Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5G1 Tel: (905) 206 4725

Europe, Africa and Middle East:

Philippines:

Tel: (63-2) 894 1451

People’s Republic of China:

Tel: (86-10) 6505 0149

Singapore:

Tel: (1800) 292 8100

Taiwan:

Tel: (886-3) 492 9666

Thailand:

Tel: (66-2) 661 3900

Austria:

Tel: (0)1 25000-0

Belgium and Luxembourg:

Tel: (02) 778 3417

Baltic Countries:

Tel: (358) 08872 2100

Czech Republic:

Tel: 420-2-4743111

Denmark:

Tel: 45 99 10 00

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices (cont’d)

Finland:

Tel: (90) 88 721

France:

Tel: (0)1 69.82.60.60

Germany:

Tel: (0180) 532 62-33

Greece:

Tel: 30-1-7264045

Hungary:

Tel: 36-1-4618219

Ireland:

Tel: (01) 284 4633

Israel:

Tel: 972-3-5380333

Italy:

Tel: 02 - 92 122 241

Netherlands:

Tel: (020) 547 6669

Norway:

Tel: (22) 73 57 50

Poland:

Tel: 48-22-6087700

Sweden:

Tel: (08) 444 22 77

Switzerland:

Tel: (01) 735 7111

Turkey:

Tel: 90-212-2245925

United Kingdom:

Tel: (01344) 366 666

For countries in Europe/Middle East and Africa not listed, contact:

Hewlett-Packard International Sales Europe Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41-22-780-4111 Fax: +41-22-780-4770

Latin America:

Hewlett-Packard Latin American Region Headquarters 5200 Blue Lagoon Drive 9th Floor Miami, Florida 33126 U.S.A. Tel: (305) 267-4245 Tel: (305) 267-4220 Fax: (305) 267-4288

Portugal:

Tel: (11) 482 85 00

Russia:

Tel: (7/095) 928 6885 Fax: (7/095) 916 9844

South Africa:

Tel: 27-22-8061000

Spain:

Tel: (34) 1 631 1323

United States:

Hewlett-Packard Company Test and Measurement Organization 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd. Bldg. 51L-SC Santa Clara, CA 95052-8059 Tel: 1 800 452 4844

About This Edition

This is the 1st edition of the 37717-90407 manual. It documents the product as of March 1998. Edition dates are as follows:

1st Edition, March 1998  Copyright Hewlett-

Packard Ltd. 1998.

In This Book

This book provides information on HP 37717C modules with PDH capability. It also provides applications associated with these modules. The individual applications contain techniques which may be of value for purposes other than those shown.

Printed in U.K. 03/98 37717-90407

Agilent 37717C PDH Concept Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Introduction to PDH Testing

Introduction to PDH / DSn

Binary Interfaces. Option UH3 (US7)

Multiple PDH Outputs. Option UHC (US6)

2 PDH / DSn Testing

Alarm Monitoring

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure (Alarm Monitoring)

Start the Test (Alarm Monitoring)

Analysis of N x 64 kb/s

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure (N x 64 kb/s Analysis)

Run the Test (N x 64 kb/s Analysis)

BERT Testing

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure (BERT Testing)

Start the Test (BERT Testing)

At the End of the Test (BERT Testing)

Cross Multiplexer Testing

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Cross Multiplexer Testing Test Setup Procedure

Continuity Check

Start the Cross Multiplexer Test

FAS Monitoring

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure (FAS Monitoring)

Start the Test (FAS Monitoring)

At the End of the Test

Frequency Measurement

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure (Frequency Measurement)

Run the Test (Frequency Measurement)

At the End of the Test (Frequency Measurement)

Frequency Offset Tolerance

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure (Frequency Offset Tolerance)

Continuity Check

Run the Test (Frequency Offset Tolerance)

At the End of the Test

Multiplexer Testing

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Multiplexer Test Setup Procedure

Start the Multiplexer Test

At the End of the Multiplexer Test

Round Trip Delay

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure (Round Trip Delay)

Continuity Check

Start the Test (Round Trip Delay)

M.2100, M.2110, M.2120 Analysis

Application

Default (Known State) Settings

Test Setup Procedure M2110 Analysis

Trouble Scan

Error Count Priority

Short Term Results

PDH Results (Options UKJ[USA], UKK[USB] and 110)

Cumulative Results

PDH Results (Options UKJ[USA], UKK [USB] and 110)

G.821 Bit Errors

G.821 Frame (FAS) Errors

G.821 CRC Errors

G.821 REBE Errors

G.826 PDH Analysis

PDH M.2100 Analysis

PDH M.2110 BIS (Bring Into Service)

PDH M.2120 Circuit Maintenance

Alarm Seconds