AEMC Instruments 6472 Kit-300ft, 6472, 6472 Kit-500ft User manual



DIGITAL GROUND RESISTANCE
AND SOIL RESISTIVITY TESTER

6472

ENGLISH

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User Manual

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Statement of Compliance

Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC® Instruments
certifies that this instrument has been calibrated
using standards and instruments traceable to
international standards.

We guarantee that at the time of shipping your
instrument has met its published specifications.

An NIST traceable certificate may be
requested at the time of purchase, or obtained
by returning the instrument to our repair and
calibration facility, for a nominal charge.

The recommended calibration interval for this
instrument is 12 months and begins on the date of
receipt by the customer

Serial #: ________________________________

Catalog #: ______________________________

Model #: 6472

Please fill in the appropriate date as indicated:

Date Received:

Date Calibration Due: _______________________

_________________________________

Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc.
d.b.a AEMC® Instruments

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READ CAREFULLY BEFORE

USING FOR THE FIRST TIME

Your instrument is equipped with a NiMH battery. This technology o󰀨ers several
advantages:

• Long battery charge life for a limited volume and weight.

• Possibility of quickly recharging your battery.

• Signicantly reduced memory e󰀨ect: you can recharge your
battery even if it is not fully discharged.

• Respect for the environment: no pollutant materials such as lead
or cadmium, in compliance with the applicable regulations.

After prolonged storage, the battery may be completely discharged. If so, it must
be completely recharged.

Your instrument may not function during part of this recharging operation.

Full recharging of a completely discharged battery may take several hours.

NOTE: In this case, at least 5 charge/discharge cycles will be necessary
for your battery to recover 95% of its capacity.

To make the best possible use of your battery and extend its e󰀨ective service life:

• Only use the charger supplied with your instrument. Use of
another charger may be dangerous.

• Only charge your instrument at temperatures between 0° and 40°C.

• Comply with the conditions of use dened in the operating manual.

• Comply with the storage conditions specied in the operating
manual.

NiMH technology allows a limited number of charge/discharge cycles depending

signicantly on:

• The conditions of use.

• The charging conditions.

Please refer to § 9.5 for correct replacement of the battery.

Do not dispose of the battery pack with other solid waste. Used batteries

must be entrusted to a qualied recycling company or to a company

specialized in processing hazardous materials.

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 6

1.1 International Electrical Symbols ...........................................................7

1.2 Denition of Measurement Categories .................................................7

1.3 Receiving Your Shipment .....................................................................7

1.4 Ordering Information ............................................................................7

1.4.1 Kits, Accessories and Replacement Parts ..............................8

2. PRODUCT FEATURES .................................................................... 10

2.1 Description .........................................................................................10

2.2 Key Features ...................................................................................... 11

2.3 Control Features ................................................................................12

2.4 Display ...............................................................................................13

2.5 Button Functions ................................................................................15

3. SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................... 16

3.1 Reference Conditions.........................................................................16

3.2 Electrical .............................................................................................16

3.2.1 Frequency Measurements ....................................................16

3.2.2 Voltage Measurements .........................................................16

3.2.3 Current Measurements .........................................................17

3.2.4 DC Resistance Measurements .............................................18

3.2.5 AC Earth Resistance Measurements ....................................19

3.2.6 Soil Resistivity Measurement ρ ............................................21

3.2.7 Earth/Ground Potential Measurements V Pot .......................22

3.2.8 Earth/Ground Measurements with 2 Clamps ........................23

3.3 Data Storage ......................................................................................23

3.4 Power .................................................................................................23

3.5 Mechanical .........................................................................................24

3.6 Environmental ....................................................................................24

3.7 Safety .................................................................................................25

4. OPERATION .................................................................................. 26

4.1 General Operating Instructions ..........................................................26

4.1.1 Automatic Mode ....................................................................26

4.1.2 Manual (Expert) Mode ..........................................................26

4.2 Instrument Conguration (SET-UP mode) .........................................27

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5. AUTOMATIC MODE ........................................................................ 28

5.1 Switching the Test Voltage .................................................................28

5.2 Resistance Measurement mΩ (2-Wire) ..............................................28

5.2.1 Lead Compensation Measurement ......................................29

5.2.2 Alarm Function ......................................................................30

5.3 Resistance Measurement mΩ (4-Wire) ..............................................31

5.4 Earth/Ground Measurement (3-Pole) .................................................32

5.4.1 62% Method ..........................................................................32

5.4.2 Full Method ...........................................................................34

5.4.3 Recommendations for a Reliable Measurement ...................35

5.5 Earth/Ground Measurement (4-Pole) .................................................36

5.5.1 Measurement without a Clamp .............................................36

5.5.2 Measurements with a Clamp ................................................37

5.6 Soil Resistivity Measurements (ρ Position) ........................................39

5.6.1 Advantages/Disadvantages of Wenner and Schlumberger ..39

5.6.2 Changing the Measurement Method.....................................40

5.6.3 Programming the Distance for Electrode Placement ............40

5.6.4 Wenner Method ....................................................................41

5.6.5 Schlumberger Method...........................................................43

5.7 Potential Measurement (V pot) ..........................................................44

5.8 Earth/Ground Measurements with Two Clamps .................................46

6. MANUAL MODE ............................................................................ 48

6.1 Switching the Test Voltage .................................................................48

6.2 Measurement Frequency Selection ...................................................49

6.3 Manual Settings for mΩ Measurements ............................................49

6.3.1 Continuity Test ......................................................................50

6.4 3-Pole Earth/Ground Measurement & Coupling .................................. 50

6.4.1 3-Pole Earth/Ground Measurements ....................................50

6.4.2 Earth/Ground Coupling Measurements ................................50

6.5 4-Pole Earth/Ground Measurements .................................................52

6.6 Soil Resistivity Measurements ...........................................................52

6.7 Earth/Ground Potential Measurements ..............................................52

6.8 Measurements with Two Clamps .......................................................52

6.9 SWEEP Mode ....................................................................................53

6.10 Smoothing ..........................................................................................53

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

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7. MEMORY FUNCTION ..................................................................... 54

7.1 Saving Measurements into Memory...................................................54

7.2 Recalling Measurements from Memory .............................................55

7.3 Erasing Measurements from Memory ................................................55

7.3.1 Erasing All Measurements ....................................................55

7.3.2 Erasing Selective Measurements .........................................56

8. DATAVIEW® SOFTWARE ................................................................ 57

8.1 Installing DataView® ...........................................................................57

8.2 Connecting the Model 6472 to your Computer ..................................60

8.3 Opening the Ground Tester Control Panel .........................................61

8.3.1 Establishing Communication to the Instrument.....................62

8.4 Conguring the Instrument .................................................................62

8.4.1 DC Continuity Test

8.4.2 3-Pole Ground Resistance Test

8.4.3 4-Pole Ground Resistance

8.4.4 4-Pole Plus Clamp Resistance

8.4.5 4-Pole Soil Resistivity

8.4.6 Ground Potential

8.4.7 Ground Loop R

8.4.8 GroundFlex®

8.5 Tools Menu .........................................................................................71

8.5.1 Tools > Options .....................................................................71

8.5.2 Tools > Colors .......................................................................71

8.5.3 Tools > Recover Data ...........................................................71

8.6 Starting a Test ....................................................................................71

8.7 Downloading Data to Database .........................................................71

8.7.1 Recordings ............................................................................72

8.7.2 Session Properties ................................................................72

8.8 Exporting the Report to a PDF File ......................................................73

...............................................................63

...........................................64

...................................................65

............................................66

..........................................................67

..................................................................68

....................................................................69

.........................................................................70

9. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................. 74

9.1 Maintenance.....................................................................................74

9.2 Cleaning ...........................................................................................74

9.3 Fuse Replacement ...........................................................................74

9.4 Recharging the Battery ....................................................................76

9.5 Replacing the Battery .......................................................................77

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10. TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................... 79

10.1 Error Reporting.................................................................................79

10.1.1 Electrode Resistance Too High .............................................79

10.1.2 Out of Range.........................................................................79

10.1.3 Misconnection ......................................................................79

10.1.4 Out of Limits Indicators .........................................................80

10.1.5 Error Messages .....................................................................82

APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS................................................... 83

Basic Terminologies ....................................................................................83

Glossary ......................................................................................................84

Repair and Calibration.................................................................................87

Technical and Sales Assistance ..................................................................87

Limited Warranty .........................................................................................88

Warranty Repairs ........................................................................................88

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

WARNING

These safety warnings are provided to ensure the safety of personnel.

Please read and comply with these precautions:

• This instrument is protected from accidental voltages of not more than

50V with respect to earth in measurement CAT IV. The guaranteed level

of protection of this equipment may be compromised if used in a manner

not specied by the manufacturer.

• Safety is the responsibility of the operator.

• All metal objects or wires connected to the electrical system should be
assumed to be lethal until tested. Grounding systems are no exception.

• Never exceed the maximum rated voltage and current, and the mea-
surement category.

• Never exceed the protection limits, and always comply with the condi-

tions and place of use, indicated in the specications.

• Do not use the instrument or its accessories if they appear damaged.

• Use accessories that have overvoltage category and service voltages
greater than or equal to those of the instrument (CAT IV 50V). Use only

accessories that comply with safety standards (IEC 61010-2-031 & 32).

• Wear the appropriate protective gear (insulating boots and gloves).

• Check that no terminal is connected and the switch is set to OFF before

opening the device.

• Use only the charging unit supplied with the instrument to recharge the
battery.

• Troubleshooting and metrological verication procedures must only be

performed by qualied, approved personnel, or the factory.

• NOTE: The potentials on the various rods used for an earth measurement
may be di󰀨erent if a nearby electrical installation is defective or certain
weather conditions prevail (thunderstorms). It is up to the operator

to decide whether to continue or postpone measurements in these
situations.

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

1.1 International Electrical Symbols

Signifies that the instrument is protected by double or reinforced insulation.

This symbol on the instrument indicates a WARNING that the operator must
refer to the user manual for instructions before operating the instrument. In
this manual, the symbol preceding instructions indicates that if the instructions
are not followed, bodily injury, installation/sample and/or product damage may
result.

Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may be
dangerous.

Ground/Earth symbol

In conformity with WEEE 2002/96/EC

1.2 Definition of Measurement Categories

CAT II: For measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the electrical

distribution system. Examples are measurements on household appliances or
portable tools.

CAT III:

CAT IV: For measurements performed at the primary electrical supply (<1000V) such

For measurements performed in the building installation at the distribution level
such as on hardwired equipment in xed installation and circuit breakers.

as on primary overcurrent protection devices, ripple control units, or meters.

1.3 Receiving Your Shipment

Upon receiving your shipment, make sure that the contents are consistent with the

packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the equipment appears

to be damaged, le a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor
at once, giving a detailed description of any damage. Save the damaged packing

container to substantiate your claim.

1.4 Ordering Information

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 .........................................Cat. #2135.51

Includes carrying bag, 110/240V power adapter with US power cord, optical USB cable,
rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick with DataView® software, ground tester
workbook and user manual.

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 Kit (150 ft) ...................... Cat. #2135.52

Includes meter, two carrying bags, two 150 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), one 30
ft lead (green), two 5 ft color-coded leads (red/blue), 110/240V power adapter with US power

cord, optical USB cable, two T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of ve spaded lugs,

one 100 ft tape measure, rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick with DataView®
software, ground tester workbook and user manual.

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 Kit (300 ft) ...................... Cat. #2135.53

Includes meter, two carrying bags, two 300 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two 100
ft color-coded leads (hand-tied, green/black), two 5 ft color-coded leads (red/blue), 110/240V
power adapter with US power cord, optical USB cable, four T-shaped auxiliary ground

electrodes, set of ve spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure, rechargeable NiMH battery

pack, and a USB stick with DataView® software, ground tester workbook and user manual.

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 Kit (500 ft) ...................... Cat. #2135.54

Includes meter, two carrying bags, two 500 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two
100 ft color-coded leads (hand-tied, green/black), one 30 ft lead (green), two 5 ft color­coded leads (red/blue), 110/240V power adapter with US power cord, optical USB cable,

four T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of ve spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure,

rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick with DataView® software, ground tester
workbook and user manual.

1.4.1 Kits, Accessories and Replacement Parts

Test Kit for 3-Pole (3-Point) Testing (150 ft) ................................. Cat. #2135.35

Includes two 150 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), one 30 ft lead (green), two 5 ft
color-coded leads (red/blue), two T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of ve spaded
lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and carrying bag.

Test Kit for 4-Pole (4-Point) Testing (300 ft) ................................. Cat. #2135.36

Includes two 300 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two 100 ft color-coded leads
(hand-tied, green/black), two 5 ft color-coded leads (red/blue), four T-shaped auxiliary ground

electrodes, set of ve spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and carrying bag.

Test Kit for 4-Pole (4-Point) Testing (500 ft) ................................. Cat. #2135.37

Includes two 500 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two 100 ft color-coded leads
(hand-tied, green/black), one 30 ft lead (green), two 5 ft color-coded leads (red/blue), four
T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of ve spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and
carrying bag.

Test Kit for 3-Pole (3-Point) Testing

(Supplemental for 4-Pole (4-Point) Testing) .............................................Cat. #2135.38

Includes two 100 ft color-coded leads (hand-tied, green/black), one 30 ft lead (green), two

T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of ve spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and

carrying bag.

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Extra Large Classic Tool Bag ...........................................................Cat. #2133.73

Tape Measure (100 ft) ......................................................................Cat. #2130.60

Ground Tester DVD/Workbook Set ...................................................Cat. #2130.64

Set of two, 14.5" T-shaped Auxiliary Ground Electrodes ..................Cat. #2135.39

Replacement - Carrying Bag for Meter ............................................. Cat. #2135.40

Optical USB Cable............................................................................Cat. #2135.41

Inverter – 12V DC to 120V AC 200 Watt for vehicle use .................. Cat. #2135.43

AC Current Probe Model MN82........................................................Cat. #2135.71

AC Current Probe Model SR182 ...................................................... Cat. #2135.72

Replacement - Connection Lead for Models 6472/6474* ................. Cat. #2135.75

Replacement - Fuse, set of 5, 0.63A 250V 5x10 1.5kA ....................Cat. #2135.81

Replacement - Calibration Loop ....................................................... Cat. #2135.82

Safety Alligator Clip - Black (Rated 600V CAT IV, 10A) .................... Cat. #2140.53

Safety Alligator Clip - Green (Rated 600V CAT IV, 10A) .................. Cat. #2140.69

Replacement - Battery, Rechargeable NiMH 9.6V ...........................Cat. #2960.21

Replacement - Power Adapter 110/240V & Power Cord 115V US ...Cat. #5000.13

Replacement - Power Cord 115V US Plug .......................................Cat. #5000.14

*NOTE: The GroundFlex

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

®

Adapter Model 6474 is a factory supplied product only.

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CHAPTER 2

PRODUCT FEATURES

2.1 Description

The Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 is a portable measurement instrument

designed to measure:

• Bond/Connection Resistance (2-Pole and 4-Pole Kelvin sensing)

• Ground Resistance (3-Pole or 4-Pole)

• Ground Coupling Resistance

• Selective Ground Resistance

• Soil Resistivity (Wenner or Schlumberger method)

• Ground Potential

• Ground Resistance with 2 clamps (no auxiliary rods)

• Ground Resistance of Pylons with the GroundFlex® Adapter Model 6474
and GroundFlex® sensors allow the system to measure leakage current and

ground resistance of tower legs without disconnecting the overhead ground

conductor.

The Model 6472 measures from 0.01 to 99.99kΩ and is auto-ranging, automatically
seeking out the optimum measurement range, test frequency and test current.

Easy-to-use - Simply connect the leads, select the test mode, press Start and read

the results. Up to 512 test results can be stored in internal memory for later recall

to the display or downloaded to a PC via DataView® software.

The large LCD is easy-to-read and indicates ground electrode resistance, test
voltage, current and frequency as well as individual electrode resistance, battery

status and more.

The Model 6472 is CAT IV rated to 50V and is over voltage protected to more than
250VAC against accidental connection to live circuits. The voltage is also displayed
on screen. In the event of a system fault, the Model 6472 can withstand 250VAC.

Additional features of the Model 6472 include a heavy-duty eld case sealed

against dust and water when closed (the test button is also sealed against the ele­ments); manual and automatic test frequency selection from 41 to 5078Hz; user

selectable 3-Pole Fall of Potential or 4-Pole Soil Resistivity test methods and user
selectable 2-Pole or 4-Pole Bond Resistance test method.

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The Model 6472 is powered by 9.6V, 3.5 Ah NiMH rechargeable batteries. An ex­ternal recharger powered from 120/230V, 50/60Hz is included and provides for

testing while recharging.

The Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 is rugged, easy-to-use and ideal for

maintenance crews performing numerous tests. It exceeds mechanical and safety

specications for shock, vibration and drop tests per IEC standards. The adjust­able test frequency provides for rejection of high levels of interference, allowing
it to be used under di󰀩cult conditions such as high stray currents that a󰀨ect ac-

curacy.

2.2 Key Features

• Ground Resistance testing using the 2 clamp method (no auxiliary rods
needed)

• 2- and 4-Pole Bond Resistance/Continuity Measurement (DC Resistance)

with automatic polarity reversal

• 3-Pole Fall-of-Potential measurement with manual or automatic frequency
selection

• 4-Pole soil resistivity measurement with automatic calculation of Rho (ρ) and

user selection of the Wenner or Schlumberger test method

• 3-Pole earth/ground coupling measurement

• Manual and automatic frequency scan from 41 to 5078Hz for optimum test

accuracy in electrically noisy environments

• Selectable test voltage of 16 or 32V up to 250mA of test current

• Auto-o󰀨 power management

• Automatic recognition of all electrode connections and their resistance value

• Stores up to 512 complete test results in internal memory

• Optically isolated USB communication

• Remote set up and operation of all measurements using DataView® software

• Automatic report generation including the fall of potential plot

• Rechargeable NiMH batteries from wall charger or vehicle power

• Rugged dustproof and rainproof eld case – IP53 rated in closed position

• Grounding standards IEC 61557 parts 4 and 5 compliant

• Includes DataView® software for data storage, real-time display, analysis,

report generation and system conguration

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

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2.3 Control Features

8

2 3

Ω

1

Figure 2-1

4

5

To Model 6474

6

7

1. Four terminals: H (Z) (auxiliary electrode), S (Y) (electrode), ES (Xv) (earth/
ground electrode) and E (X) (earth/ground electrode)

All terminals accept 4mm Ø banana plugs. Terminals H (Z) and ES (Xv) also

accept special plugs for current clamps. S (Y) will take a shielded cable.

2. Connector for charging the battery (see § 9.4).

3. 256 segment multi-line backlit LCD (see § 2.4).

4. Connector for an optical interface to a PC. Either an RS-232 or USB connec­tion can be used (see § 8 - DataView®).

5. Connector to the GroundFlex® Adapter Model 6474 using a special adapter
cable .

6. Rotary switch: OFF position, 7 measurement functions (see § 5 and 6) and
SET-UP function (see § 4.2).

7. START/STOP button: Starts the measurement and compensates for the leads
(in the mΩ measurement function - see § 5.2.1).

8. Six function buttons - see § 2.5

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

2.4 Display

A1

A2

A3

NOTE: External voltages will be displayed only on the small displays (A2 and
A3) without the view of the main display (A1). This helps to rapidly recognize
that these are measurements of external voltages.

Backlight: The backlight turns ON automatically when entering a function and
turns OFF after the function is complete. Press the DISPLAY button to turn it back
on.

NOTE: In the Set-up mode, pressing the DISPLAY button also selects the
next configurable parameter.

A1

A2

A3

Top main display

Middle small display

Bottom small display

If this symbol blinks during a passive measurement, a voltage of more than
42V is present at the tester’s inputs.

If this symbol blinks during an active measurement, the limits of use have
been exceeded.

If the symbol appears constant during an active measurement, the values
to be measured are unstable.

Warning buzzer is activated

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

Figure 2-2

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> or <

NOISE

EARTH

COUPLING

S x 1/10

OBJ:TEST

DISTANCE

FREQUENCY

A blinking symbol > (greater than) or < (less than) indicates that the
measurement range is exceeded.

If both symbols are blinking during a passive measurement, the values of
voltage and/or current are too small and are beyond the limits of use. The
resistance RPASS displayed by the tester is then highly uncertain.

If both symbols are blinking during an active measurement, the values
to be measured are strongly varying (remedy: switch on smoothing of
measured values with SMOOTH function).

Indicates the battery charge condition; the segments represent the energy.

Indicates whether the 3-Pole EARTH measurement or the EARTH COUPLING
measurement has been selected.

Indicates the sensitivity of the GroundFlex®: x1/10, x1, x10.

Display of the number of turns in GroundFlex® sensors (1 to 4).

Number of GroundFlex® sensors connected (1 to 4). If this symbol blinks,
the GroundFlex® may not be connected or the current ISEL measured by
the GroundFlex® sensor is too small and is outside the limits of use.

Object and test number for storage in memory.

Indicates lead compensation for 2-Pole measurement is active

If blinking, indicates the value is ready to be overwritten with a new value
or that a new value will be entered. If more than one value has to be
entered, use the CHANGE   buttons to move to the next one.

Indicates the test frequency.

MANUAL

CONFIG

REMOTE

14

SWEEP

AUTO

MR

MEM

Indicates that the secondary function of a button will be used.

Indicates SWEEP mode - Used in 3-Pole and 4-Pole measurements.

Indicates MANUAL mode - the user has to stop the measurement,
otherwise the measurement keeps on running.

Indicates AUTO mode - measurement stops immediately after all results
are available.

If blinking, indicates the measurement had a disturbance when the mea­surement was started.

Indicates that the blinking value of AUTO/MANUAL mode, frequency,
voltage or DC current direction can be changed.

Memory recall - indicates the displaying of stored results is active

Indicates that there is recorded data in memory. When blinking, it indi­cates that the results need to be saved by pressing the MEM button.

Indicates the instrument is remotely controlled by the RS-232/USB
interface.

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SMOOTH

Indicates SMOOTHing of the displayed measurement results.

Indicates that a clamp is (steady) or should be (flashing) connected to ES.

ALARM

Measured value (R, U, I).

Indicates that the measurement is running.

Indicates the alarm is activated. An audible alarm will sound if the value
measured is above the limit defined in the SET-UP mode.

Distances to be entered between earth electrode and supplementary
electrodes or between earth electrodes.

Clamp should be connected to H.
If this clamp symbol blinks, the instrument is refusing measurement
because the clamp is not connected correctly.

Symbolizes the soil resistivity value (Rho): W or S indicates that Wenner
or Schlumberger method is used for the measurement (changed by the
Hz/OPTIONS button).

2.5 Button Functions

Starts a measurement and compensates for lead resistance (§ 5.2.1).

START/STOP

Measurement stops automatically (AUTO) or is stopped by pressing this
button again (MANUAL).

Selects the second function highlighted in yellow under the buttons.

Increases or decreases the value of the flashing parameter displayed or

MEM/MR

DISPLAY/

SMOOTH

Hz/OPTIONS/

DISTANCE

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

selects the next parameter. Press the button for a longer time to increase
the change of value speed at a faster rate.

Selects the parameter to be modified or moves the cursor to the right.

MEM: Stores measurements to memory.
MR: Retrieves measurements from memory.

DISPLAY: Displays all parameters of a measurement.
SMOOTH: Smooths the display of measurement providing a more
stable result.

Hz/OPTIONS: Enables configuration of measurement functions.
DISTANCE: Available for soil resistivity and V potential measurements. It
allows the setting of values of distances used for Rho (ρ) calculation.

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CHAPTER 3

SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Reference Conditions

Influencing Parameters Reference Values

Temperature 68°F ± 5.5°F (20°C ± 3°C)

Relative Humidity 45 to 55% RH

Power Supply 9 to 11.2V

Frequency Range of Input Signal 0 to 440Hz

Capacitance Parallel to Input Resistance 0 uF

Electric Field <1 V/m

Magnetic Field < 40 A/m

3.2 Electrical

3.2.1 Frequency Measurements

Measuring method: Digital with a sampling frequency of 4028Hz, low pass, FFT.

The frequency of the strongest spectral component is displayed.

Measuring rate: Display updates approx. 3 times per s.

Measurement Range 5 to 450Hz

Resolution 1Hz

Operating error ± 2Hz

Min. input voltage 10mV

Min. current through a clamp 0.5mA

Min. signal strength for GroundFlex

®

5mA

3.2.2 Voltage Measurements

Overvoltages up to 75Vrms are displayed as ">65V". Permanent overvoltages
between 70 and 75V at terminals H (Z) and E (X) can cause overheating of the
overvoltage protection varistor.

Voltages of more than 75Vrms lead to error message 31 (excessive external
voltage) or 32 (voltage measurement overrange).

If terminals H (Z) and E (X) are put into contact with the line voltage, the protection
fuse will blow.

16

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External Voltage Measurements

Measuring Method: Digital by sampling at 4028Hz, low pass lter, FFT.

The frequency of the strongest spectral component is displayed.

Measuring Rate: Display updates approx. 3 times per s.

Signal Conversion: TRMS or sum of all harmonics 10 to 450Hz during selective

earth measurements with clamp or by GroundFlex® sensors.

Measured Range 0.00 to 9.99V 10 to 65V

Resolution 0.01V 0.1V

Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)

Operating error ± (5% + 1ct)

Input impedance Z

Operating frequency DC and 15 to 440Hz

, Z

(Z

H-E

) 1.2MΩ

S-E

S-ES

3.2.3 Current Measurements

External Current Measurements

Measuring Method: Digital by sampling at 4028Hz, low pass lter, FFT.

Measuring Rate: Display updates approx. 3 times per s.

Signal Conversion: Sum of all harmonics 10 to 450Hz

With Current Probe SR182

Measurement Range

Resolution 0.01mA 0.1mA 1mA 0.01A 0.1A

Frequency range 16 to 49Hz 50 to 99Hz 100 to 400Hz

Operating error from

0.5 to 100mA

Operating error from

0.1 to 40.0A

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

0.00 to

9.99mA

± (10% + 2cts) ± (5% + 2cts) ± (3% + 2cts)

> 20% ± (10% + 2cts) ± (5% + 2cts)

10.0 to

99.9mA

100 to

999mA

1.00 to

9.99A

10 to

40A

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With Current Probe MN82

Measurement Range

Resolution 0.01mA 0.1mA 1mA 0.01A 0.1A

Frequency range 16 to 49Hz

Operating error from

0.5 to 100mA

Operating error from

0.1 to 40.0A

(1): The Model 6472 cannot detect whether a current clamp SR182 or MN82 is connected. In the case

of the MN82 clamp, with currents > 10A and frequencies < 100Hz the instrument will not display any
warning messages. It is the operator’s responsibility to observe the limits of use when using the MN82
clamp.

0.00 to

9.99mA

± (15% + 2cts) ± (7% + 2cts) ± (5% + 2cts)

> 20% ± (15% + 2cts) ± (7% + 2cts)

10.0 to

99.9mA

(1)

100 to

999mA

50 to 99Hz

1.00 to

9.99A

(1)

10 to

40A

100 to 400Hz

(1)

3.2.4 DC Resistance Measurements

Measuring Method: Voltage/Current measurement (Standard EN 61557 part 4)

Nominal Output Voltage: 16VDC (if resistance < 22Ω the output voltage is

reduced to 10VDC)

Max Output Current: > 200mADC for resistances < 20Ω

Max Overload (permanent): 50Vrms (protection up to 250V is guaranteed)

Max Inductive Load: 2 H

Max Interfering Voltage: 60Vpeak > 10Hz

Time for Auto Range Selecting: approx 5 s

Measuring Time: 8 s with automatic polarity inversion

Measuring Rate: 3 per s in manual mode

Lead Compensation: Possible from 0 to 5Ω

Alarm Setting: “>” or “<” from 1 to 999Ω (max 3 digits)

2-Pole mΩ measurement

Measurement
Range

Resolution 0.01Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω 100Ω

Intrinsic error ± (2% + 2cts)

Operating error ± (5% + 3cts)

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0.12 to

9.99Ω

10.0 to

99.9Ω

100 to

999Ω

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

1.00 to

9.99kΩ

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10.0 to

99.9kΩ

4-Pole mΩ measurement

Measurement
Range

Resolution 0.001Ω 0.01Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω

Intrinsic error ± (2% + 2cts)

Operating error ± (5% + 5cts)

0.020 to

9.999Ω

10.00 to

99.99Ω

100.0 to

999.9Ω

1.000 to

9.999kΩ

10.00 to

99.99kΩ

3.2.5 AC Earth Resistance Measurements

Measuring Method: Voltage/Current measurement (EN 61557 part 5)

Open circuit voltage: 16 or 32Vrms square wave (if current > 240mA the output

voltage is reduced to 10Vrms)

Test frequency: Selectable from 41 to 5078Hz (see table in § 6.2)

Short circuit current: > 200mAAC

Noise suppression: > 80 dB for frequencies 20% or more above or below the

test frequency

Max. overload: 250Vrms

Max. value for RH & RS: 100kΩ

Measuring time: Short push on START: approx. 7 s for rst value of RE at
128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.

Long push on START: approx. 15 s for rst value of RE at

128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.

The following error indications refer to reference conditions with a test voltage of

32V, test frequency of 128Hz, RH and RS = 1kΩ, no external voltage.

The operating error of AC resistance measurements can be less than that speci-

ed for voltage or current because frequency characteristics of the voltage channel

are matched to those of the current channel.

Measurement of auxiliary electrodes RH, RS, RES, RE

Measurement
Range

Resolution 0.1Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω 100Ω

Operating error ± (10% + 2cts)

0.14 to

9.99Ω

10.0 to

99.9Ω

100 to

999Ω

1.00 to

9.99kΩ

10.0 to

99.9kΩ

The START button must be pressed for more than 2 s. For frequencies between
41 and 256Hz, the resistance of the auxiliary earth electrodes is measured at the
test frequency set. At higher frequencies the resistance is measured at 256Hz.

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

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3-Pole earth resistance measurement RE

Measurement
Range

0.09 to

9.99Ω

10.0 to

99.9Ω

100 to
999Ω

1.00 to

9.99kΩ

10.0 to

99.9kΩ

Resolution 0.01Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω 100Ω

Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)

Operating conditions: RE < 3 x RH, U

Values for RH, RS and RE Frequency (Hz)

(RH + RS) / RE

< 3000

RH ≥ 0Ω, Rs ≤ 3kΩ

= 32V

OUT

Operating error for R

41 to 513 ± (3% + 2cts)

537 to 5078 ± (6% + 2cts)

RH > 3kΩ, Rs ≤ 30kΩ 41 to 513 ± (10% + 2cts)

(RH + RS) / RE

< 5000

Note: For a test voltage U

4-Pole earth resistance measurement R

Measurement
Range

RH > 30kΩ, Rs < 100kΩ 41 to 128 ± (10% + 3cts)

of 16V, halve the value for RH.

OUT

E

0.011 to
9,999Ω

10.00 to

99.99Ω

100.0 to

999.9Ω

1.000 to

9.999kΩ

10.00 to

99.99kΩ

Resolution 0.001Ω 0.01Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω

Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)

Values for RH, RS and RE Frequency (Hz)

(RH + RS) / RE

< 3000

Operating conditions: RE < 3 x RH, U

RH ≥ 0Ω, Rs ≤ 3kΩ

= 32V

OUT

Operating error for R

41 to 513 ± (3% + 2cts)

537 to 5078 ± (6% + 2cts)

RH > 3kΩ, Rs ≤ 30kΩ 41 to 513 ± (10% + 2cts)

(RH + RS) / RE

< 5000

RH > 30kΩ, Rs < 100kΩ 41 to 128 ± (10% + 3cts)

E

E

Note: With a test voltage U

of 16V, halve the value of RH.

OUT

Selective 4-Pole earth resistance measurement with SR182 or MN82 clamp

Same characteristics as 4-Pole earth measurements with the following particular
conditions:

Minimum current: SR182, IES >0.5mA

MN82, IES >2mA

Maximum R
MN82, (R

ratio: SR182, (R

SEL/RE

SEL/RE

SEL/RE

) <500

) <120

with RH + RE <20Ω

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

3.2.6 Soil Resistivity Measurement ρ

Measuring method: Voltage/Current measurement (EN 61557 part 5)

Open circuit voltage: 16 or 32Vrms square wave

Test frequency: Selectable from 41 to 128Hz (see table in § 6.2)

Short circuit current: > 200mAA

Noise suppression: > 80 dB for frequencies 20% or more above or below the

test frequency

Max. overload: 250Vrms

Max. value for RH, RS, RES, RE: 100kΩ

Calculation formula, Wenner: ρW = 2p d R

Calculation formula, Schlumberger: ρS = (p (d² - (A/2)²) / A) R

Maximum value of ρ: 999kΩm (display in kΩft is not possible)

Measuring time: Short push on START: approx. 8 s for rst value of R

128 Hz, then 3 measurements per s.

Long push on START: approx. 20 s for rst value of R

128 Hz, then 3 measurements per s.

C

S-ES

S-ES

at

S-ES

at

S-ES

Measurement
Range

0.00 to

9.99Ω

10.0 to

99.9Ω

100 to
999Ω

1.00 to

9.99kΩ

10.0 to

99.9kΩ

Resolution 0.01Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω 100Ω

Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)

The intrinsic error specied refers to reference conditions with a test voltage of

32V, test frequency of 128Hz, R

Operating conditions : R

R

is the resistance of the earth rods R

rod

cal.

R

R

electrode

R

electrode

R

electrode

electrode

R

R

S-ES

/ R

electrode

/ R

electrode

/ R

Note: With a test voltage U

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

, R

, R

ρ-H

< 3 x R

ρ-S

and: Operating error for R

ρ

-H

ρ-ES

and R

≤ 100kΩ

≤ 2000

S-ES

≤ 50kΩ

≤ 10,000

S-ES

≤ 10kΩ

≤ 20,000

S-ES

, R

ρ

-E

of 16V, halve the value of R

OUT

, R

ρ

-ES

= 1kΩ, no external voltage.

ρ-E

S-ES

± (7% + 2cts)

± (15% + 3cts)

± (20% + 1ct)

, R

ρ

assumed to be identi-

ρ

-E

-H

.

rod

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Measurement of auxiliary electrodes R

Measurement
Range

0.14 to

9.99Ω

10.0 to

99.9Ω

, R

, R

, R

ρ

ρ

-H

ρ

-S

-ES

100 to
999Ω

ρ

-E

1.00 to

9.99kΩ

10.0 to

99.9kΩ

Resolution 0.1Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω 100Ω

Operating error ± (10% + 2cts)

The START button must be pressed for more than 2 s. For frequencies between
41 and 128Hz, the resistance of the auxiliary earth electrodes is measured at the
test frequency set. At higher frequencies the resistance is measured at 128Hz.

3.2.7 Earth/Ground Potential Measurements V Pot

Measuring method: Voltage/Current measurement

Open circuit voltage: 16 or 32Vrms square wave

Test frequency: Selectable from 41 to 5078Hz (see table in § 6.2)

Short circuit current: > 200mAAC

Noise suppression: > 80 dB for frequencies 20% or more above or below the

test frequency

Max. overload: 250Vrms

Max. value for RH & RS: 100kΩ

Measuring time: Short push on START: approx. 7 s for rst value of RE at

128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.

Long push on START: approx. 15 s for rst value of RE at

128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.

Measurement Range 0.00 to 99.99mV 100.0 to 999.9mV 1.000 to 9.999V 10.00 to 65.00V

Resolution 0.01mV 0.1mV 1mV 10mV

Intrinsic error U

S-E

± (5% + 1ct)

The intrinsic error specied refers to reference conditions with a test voltage of
32V, test frequency of 128Hz, RH, and RS = 1kΩ, no external voltage.

Operating conditions: RE < 3 x RH and :

R

H

< 3kΩ

R

S

≤ 1kΩ

Freq. (Hz) U

41 to 512 < 3mV ± (10% + 10cts)

41 to 5078
41 to 1025

3 to 60kΩ

1 to 3kΩ 41 to 512

3 to 10kΩ 41 to 128

Note: With a test voltage U

22

S-E

> 3mV

> 10mV

of 16V, halve the value for RH.

OUT

Operating error for U

S-E

± (5% + 4cts)

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3.2.8 Earth/Ground Measurements with 2 Clamps

Measuring method: Voltage/Current measurement with a rectangular AC signal

Induced short circuit current: < 26Arms (with SR182) < 5Arms (with MN82)

Signal frequency: Automatic: 1611Hz - Manual: 128, 1367, 1611 or 1758Hz

Noise suppression: > 80 dB at frequencies di󰀨ering by 20% or more from the

test frequency

Max. interfering current: 20A

Max. value for RH, RS: 100kΩ

Measuring time: approx. 7 s for the rst value of R

Measurement Range 0.10 to 9.99Ω 10.0 to 99.9Ω 100 to 500Ω

Measurement frequency 1367Hz - 1611Hz - 1758Hz

Resolution 0.01Ω 0.1Ω 1Ω

Operating error
(without external current)

Measurement Range 0.10 to 9.99Ω 10 to 30Ω

Measurement frequency 128Hz

Resolution

Operating error
(without external current)

(1)

(1)

peak

, then 3 meas. per s.

Loop

SR182 ± (10% + 1cts)

MN82 ± (20% + 2cts)

0.01Ω 0.1Ω

SR182 ± (20% + 2cts)

MN82 not specified

(1): Observe the minimum distance between the two clamps according to table in § 5.8.

3.3 Data Storage

Memory Capacity: 512 test results (64kB)

Communication: Optically isolated USB

3.4 Power

Power Source: Rechargeable 9.6V, 3.5Ah NiMH Battery Pack

Power Supply: 110/220, 50/60Hz external charger with 18VDC, 1.9A output or

12VDC vehicle power

Fuse: 0.63A, 250V, 5x20mm, 1.5kA

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

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Battery Life:

Function Power consumed Typical number of measurements

Device off < 5 mW —

Voltage Measurement 1.5 W 4500

(2)

mΩ

3-Poles, 4-Pole

V pot. 4.9 W 1500

2 Clamps 3.7 W 2000

GroundFlex

(1): Measurements in automatic mode at 25-s intervals - In sweep mode, the number of measurements is
divided by 3 or 4

(2): With R = 1Ω

(3): With RH + RE = 100Ω

(4): With RH + RS-ES = 100Ω

(3)

(4)

ρ

®

4.9 W 1500

4.9 W 1500

4.9 W 1500

5.5 W 1200

(1)

3.5 Mechanical

Dimensions: 10.7 x 9.76 x 5.12" (272 x 248 x 130mm)

Weight: 7 lbs (3.2kg) approx

Case Material: ULV0 Polypropylene

Terminals: 4mm recessed banana jacks

Case Protection: EN 60529 - IP53 (cover closed)

Drop Test: Per EN 61010-1

Vibration Test: Per EN 61557-1

3.6 Environmental

Operating Temperature: 32° to 113°F (0° to 45°C); 0 to 90% RH

Specied Operating Temperature

Storage Temperature: -40° to 158°F (-40° to 70°C); 0 to 90% RH

Altitude: < 3000m

(1): This range corresponds to the one defined by standard EN 61557, for which an operating error including the
quantities of influence is defined. When the device is used outside this range, 1.5%/10°C and 1.5% between
75 and 90% RH must be added to the operating error.

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(1)

: 0° to 95°F (0° to 35°C); 0 to 75% RH

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

3.7 Safety

Electromagnetic Compatibility

This instrument satises the EMC and LVD directives required for the CE marking
and product standard IEC 61326-1 (Ed. 97) + A1 (Ed. 98).

• Immunity in industrial environment

• Emissions in residential environment.

Electrical safety according to EN 61010-1 (Ed. 2 of 2001)

Measurement according to EN 61557 (Ed. 2 of 2007) parts 1, 4 and 5.

CAT IV, 50V

Pollution Degree 2

*Specications are subject to change without notice

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25

CHAPTER 4

OPERATION

NOTE: For detailed information regarding ground resistance testing, see
the Understanding Ground Resistance Testing Workbook CD that was
included with the instrument.

4.1 General Operating Instructions

The Model 6472 has operating modes:

• Automatic mode for routine applications.

• Manual (Expert) mode in which the user can change the parameters of the

measurement functions.

NOTE: Fully charge the battery before the first use (see § 9.4)

4.1.1 Automatic Mode

• Set the switch to the desired function.

• Make the connections appropriate to the function.

• Press the START/STOP button. The device makes the measurement and
stops automatically.

• Read the measurement result on the display and the relevant parameters
using the DISPLAY button.

• To save the information in memory, use the MEM button (see § 7.1).

4.1.2 Manual (Expert) Mode

• Set the switch to the desired function.

• Make the connections appropriate to the function.

• Select MANUAL mode.

• Choose various measurement parameters using the Hz/OPTIONS button.

• Press the START/STOP button. The measurement frequency or the direc­tion of the current (resistance measurement) can be changed during the

measurement. To view their impact upon the measurement and the param­eters relevant to the measurement use the DISPLAY button.

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

• When the measurement results are acceptable, stop the measurement by
pressing the START/STOP button.

• View the result on the display and toggle through the relevant parameters
using the DISPLAY button.

• To record the information into memory, use the MEM button (see § 7).

The instrument also incorporates a “SWEEP” mode (automatic execution of sev­eral measurements at several di󰀨erent frequencies) It is used to indicate how the
measurement varies as a function of frequency. In this case, the device operates

as in the automatic mode and the measurement process stops after taking the

measurement at the nal frequency.

4.2 Instrument Configuration (SET-UP mode)

To congure the Model 6472 parameters, turn the rotary switch to SET-UP:

• All the segments on the display are activated for 1 second and then the
“PUSH button” message appears on the display.

• Various parameters are accessible by pressing the corresponding button.

• The number or symbol which can be modied ashes. These are changed
using the SELECT button [►] and CHANGE buttons [▲▼].

• To exit SET-UP, turn the rotary switch to another position.

• All of the parameters that are modied are permanently saved until a new

instrument conguration is performed.

Parameter to be modified Button Possible values

Date and Month Hz/OPTIONS (1

Time Hz/OPTIONS (2

Baud Rate Hz/OPTIONS (3

Default configuration Hz/OPTIONS (4

GroundFlex® Adapter Model 6474

Hz/OPTIONS (5

Test Frequency
Test Voltage

Distance unit DISPLAY (1

Alarm (for mΩ and 2-Pole

DISPLAY (2

measurements only)

st

press) yyyy.mm.dd*

nd

press) hh : mm*

rd

press) 9.6k / 19.2k / 38.4k

th

press) yes / no

th

press)

55, 92, 110, 119, 128

16 or 32V

st

press) m (meter) or ft (feet)

nd

press) ON / OFF

direction (< or >)
value (1 to 999Ω)

Buzzer DISPLAY (3

Modbus address DISPLAY (4

Memory used MEM (1

rd

press) ON / OFF

th

press) 1 to 247

st

press) 000 to 512 (total

number of locations)

Memory location MR (1

st

press)

OBJ:TEST

*International format date and time only

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

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CHAPTER 5

AUTOMATIC MODE

VOLTAGE CHECK: The tester first checks for possible interference. If there
is an external voltage of more than 42V, the warning triangle will be
displayed. If measurements are being performed in AUTO mode and a
disturbance frequency is detected, the tester will automatically look for a
frequency that is different from the default 128Hz.

5.1 Switching the Test Voltage

Available in all functions except mΩ and 2 Clamp.

If necessary, the test voltages can be switched to either 16 or 32V as follows:

• Press the Hz/OPTIONS button, then press it again to make the output volt-
age (Uout) blink.

• Use the ► button to switch to 16 or 32V, then press Hz/OPTIONS again.

This setting is retained when the unit is turned o󰀨.

5.2 Resistance Measurement mΩ (2-Wire)

WARNING: Before performing the resistance test, verify that the sample
under test is not energized.

1. Set the switch to

2. Connect the resistance to terminals H (Z) and E (X).

28

.

R

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3. The 6472 makes a measurement with a positive current (R+), then reverses the

direction of the current and makes another measurement with negative (R-).

H

ALARM

E

AUTO

±

DC

Ω

Ω

Ω

R =

(R+) + (R-)

2

H

ALARM

E

AUTO

±

DC

Ω

Ω

Ω

4. To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

The device displays the following parameters:

R+, R-, +U

H-E

, +I

H-E

, -U

H-E

, -I

H-E

, U-Act (U

and its frequency) and R∆0 if there

H-E

is compensation for the measurement leads.

5.2.1 Lead Compensation Measurement

Lead compensation subtracts the resistance of the test leads from the measured
result.

• Short the two measurement leads connected to H (Z) and E (X) terminals.

• Press the 2nd button, then the START/STOP button to start the measure-
ment.

• This value will be deducted from all resistance values measured thereafter
until the rotary switch is turned to another function.

H

ALARM

E

appears on the display after the compensation value has been measured.

AUTO

±

DC
AC

Ω

R

0

Ω

NOTE: If the compensation resistance is > 5Ω, or if the leads are not shorted
when the measurement is started, the value of compensation will be canceled.

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29

5.2.2 Alarm Function

2

3

This function is active only for 2-Pole resistance measurements. By default, the
visual alarm (ALARM symbol ashes) and the audible alarm (buzzer sounds for a

few seconds) are triggered when R < 2Ω.

This threshold can be changed using the SET-UP function:

ALARM

<

x

Ω

Turn the alarm

ON or OFF

Set the value of the alarm

between 1 and 999Ω

and

Access the

type of alarm

Choose a low (<) or

high (>) alarm

Complete the adjustment

of the alarm setting

x

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

5.3 Resistance Measurement mΩ (4-Wire)

This measurement is used to improve the resolution (10x better than the 2-Wire
measurement) for weak resistance values.

To perform a 4-Wire measurement:

Press Hz/OPTIONS

(AUTO will blink)

Press ►

(H, S, ES and E will all blink)

Press Hz/OPTIONS once again

(H and E will blink)

Conrm choice by pressing

Hz/OPTIONS again

WARNING: Before performing the resistance test, verify that the sample
under test is not energized.

1. Set the switch to

2. Connect the resistance to all 4 terminals.

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.

R

31

3. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

H

S

ES

E

ALARM

AUTO

±

±

DC

DC

Ω

Ω

Ω

4. To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

The device displays the following parameters:

R+, R-, +U

H-E

, +I

H-E

, -U

H-E

, -I

H-E

, U-Act (U

and its frequency)

H-E

5.4 Earth/Ground Measurement (3-Pole)

This function is used to measure an earth (ground) resistance with 2 auxiliary
electrodes.

There are several measurement methods, the full and simplied (62% method) will

be discussed in this section.

5.4.1 62% Method

1. Set the switch to

2. Place electrodes H (Z) and S (Y) to form a straight line with the earth electrode

under test.

The distance between electrode S (Y) and the earth electrode is 62% of

the distance between electrode H (Z) and the earth electrode; the distance
between the electrodes H (Z) and E (X) should be 8 to 10 times the depth of
the rod you are testing.

Ω

.

Ω

Ω

H (Z)

S (Y)

distance d - 62% d

distance A > 80 m

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, it is best to unwind the full length of

each cable from the reel, to keep the cables as far apart as possible on the ground,

taking care not to form loops, and to avoid placing the cables near or parallel to

metallic conductors (cables, rails, fences, etc.).

Connect the cables to terminals H (Z) and S (Y) (red and blue respectively); dis-
connect the earth strap from the rod under test, then connect terminal E (green) to
the rod or electrode system to be tested.

3.

Press the 2nd button, then the DISTANCE button. The "hundredths" will blink.

H

S

A

AUTO

m

m

Ω

Ω

d

E

=

DISTANCE

=

4. To modify the hundredths (of meters or feet), press the ▲ button until the

desired digit is displayed (0-9).

5. To select and modify the tens, press the ► button and then the ▲ button until

the desired digit is displayed (0-9).

6. To select and modify the units and tenths of a unit, press the ► button and

then the ▲ button until the desired digits are displayed (0.0- 9.9).

7. To terminate the programming of distance, press the 2nd button and then the
DISTANCE button.

It is also necessary to program distance A. This is done in the same way as for
distance d.

8. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

EARTH

H

S

A

d

E

=

=

AUTO

m

m

H

S

E

AUTO

Ω

mV

mA

9. To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

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The device displays the following parameters:

RE, U

S-E

, I

H-E

, U-Act (U

and its frequency, U

H-E

and its frequency).

S-E

To measure the resistances of auxiliary electrodes H (Z) and S (Y), or if the resis­tance of the electrodes is too high (see § 10.1), start the measurement with a long
press of the START/STOP button.

R

, RS will be displayed.

H

EARTH

H

S

Ω

AUTO

kΩ

Ω

k

> 2s

E

NOTE: Repeat the process at 52% and at 72% for the S electrode.

5.4.2 Full Method

A more thorough measurement can be obtained by taking measurement by mov-

ing the S (Y) auxiliary electrode every 10% between H (Z) and E (X) and plotting
the results. A distinct plateau should result as shown below.

R90

R80

R60

R70

R10

0 10

R30 R40 R50

R20

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% H - E

Take the average of the 3 or 4 readings on the

plateau to obtain the earth electrode resistance.

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R40 + R50 + R60 + R70

R =

4

5.4.3 Recommendations for a Reliable Measurement

d2

Moving the Auxiliary Electrodes

Move electrode S (Y) towards electrode H (Z) by a distance equal to 10% of d and
make another measurement. Then move electrode S (Y) again by a distance equal

to 10% of d, but towards the earth electrode.

H (Z)

S (Y)

52% d

62% d

72% d

d

The 3 measurement results should be the same to within a few percent. If this is

the case, the measurement is valid.

If not, electrode S (Y) is in the zone of inuence of the earth electrode. It will be
necessary to increase distance d for the H (Z) auxiliary electrode and repeat the
measurements.

Positioning of the Auxiliary Electrodes

To make sure that your earth measurements are not distorted by interference, we
recommend repeating the measurement with the auxiliary electrodes placed at a

di󰀨erent distance and in another direction (for example, rotated 90° from the rst

alignment).

H (Z)

S (Y)

H (Z)

S (Y)

E (X)

d1

If you nd the same values, your measurement is reliable. If the measured values
are substantially di󰀨erent, it is likely that they were inuenced by earth currents or
a groundwater source. It may be useful to drive the electrodes deeper and/or wet

the ground near them to reduce their contact resistance with the soil.

Avoid routing the connecting cables of the earth electrodes near or parallel to other
cables (transmission or supply), metallic conductors, rails, or fences: high test fre­quencies may cause cross-talk and a󰀨ect the measurements.

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5.5 Earth/Ground Measurement (4-Pole)

H (Z)

5.5.1 Measurement without a Clamp

This function is suited to the measurement of very low earth resistances. It
provides better resolution (10x better than 3P measurement) and there is no need

to compensate for the resistance of the measurement leads.

1. Set the switch to .

2. Place electrodes H (Z) and S (Y) at least 30m apart.

S (Y)

> 30 m

> 30 m

In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, it is best to unwind the full length of

each cable from the reel, to keep the cables as far apart as possible on the ground,

taking care not to form loops, and to avoid placing the cables near or parallel to

metallic conductors (cables, rails, fences, etc.). Connect the cables to terminals
H (Z) and S (Y); disconnect the earth strap from the rod under test, then connect
terminals E (X) and ES (Xv) to the earth electrode to be tested.

3. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

H

S

ES

E

AUTO

Ω

mV

mA

4. To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

The device displays the following parameters:

RE, U

S-E

, I

H-E

, U-Act (U

and its frequency, U

H-E

and its frequency).

S-E

To measure the resistances of auxiliary electrodes H (Z) and S (Y), or if the resis­tance of the electrodes is too large (see § 10.1), start the measurement with a long
press of the START/STOP button.

RH, RS, U

will be displayed.

H-E

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> 2s

R

E4

H

S

ES

E

AUTO

Ω

kΩ

kΩ

We recommend repeating the measurement with the auxiliary electrodes placed at
a di󰀨erent distance and in another direction (see § 5.4.3).

5.5.2 Measurements with a Clamp

For this selective earth measurement you need a current clamp, either a Model
SR182 or Model MN82 (both available as an accessory). These two types of

current clamps are specially designed to work with the 6472 ground tester.

The SR182 is more precise, suited to the measurement of higher currents (up to
40Arms) and for use on thicker conductors, while the MN82 (which is easier to
handle) accepts currents up to 10Arms and can be placed on conductors up to

3/4" (20mm) in diameter.

1. Set the switch to .

2. Place electrodes H (Z) and S (Y) at least 30m (98 ft) apart so that there is no

interference between them.

H (Z)

> 30 m (98 ft)

S (Y)

> 30 m (98 ft)

R

R

R

E3

E1

E2

In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, it is best to unwind the full length of

each cable from the reel, to keep the cables as far apart as possible on the ground,

taking care not to form loops, and to avoid placing the cables near or parallel to

metallic conductors (cables, rails, fences, etc).

3. Connect the cables to terminals H (Z) and S (Y), connect a cable between
terminal E (X) and the earth electrode under test, then connect the clamp to
terminal ES (Xv). The device recognizes it automatically.

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4. Clamp to the path of the earth electrode to be checked, then connect a lead
from the current clamp to this same point [connection to terminal ES (XV) ].
Take care not to place the cable of electrode H (Z) too close to the current

clamp in order to avoid any transmission of the AC signal to the clamp (espe-

cially when using an MN82 clamp).

5. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

H

S

ES

E

AUTO

Ω

mV

R

= RE1

SEL

mA

6. You can now move the clamp and its lead to measure the other earth resist-
ances, RE2, RE3, etc.

7. To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

The device displays the following parameters:

R

, U

SEL

S-ES

frequency).

, I

H-E

, R-Act (R

), U-Act (U

PASS

and its frequency), I-Act (IES and its

H-E

To measure the resistances of auxiliary electrodes H (Z) and S (Y), or if the resis­tance of the electrodes is too large (see § 10.1), start the measurement with a long
press of the START/STOP button.

RE, RH, RS, U

will be displayed.

E-S

> 2s

H

S

ES

E

AUTO

Ω

kΩ

kΩ

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

5.6 Soil Resistivity Measurements (ρ Position)

To measure the resistivity of the soil, two measurement methods are possible:

Wenner and Schlumberger

The di󰀨erence between the two methods lies in the positioning of the electrodes.
By default, the device selects the Wenner method. The Schlumberger method,
which allows you to move only 2 measurement electrodes rather than 3, is better
suited for measuring soil resistivity at multiple depths.

The soil resistivity measurement with di󰀨erent distances d, and therefore in dif­ferent layers (in depth) of the soil, can be used to establish resistivity proles of

the soil in question, which can be useful for geological analysis, the exploration
of deposits, hydrological studies, etc., and to determine the location of an earth
electrode.

5.6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Wenner and Schlumberger

Schlumberger Wenner

Advantage Disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage

Need to move the two
potential electrodes ES
(Xv) and S (Y) only for
most readings. This can
significantly decrease the
time required to acquire
a sounding

Because the potential
electrode spacing is
small compared to
the current electrode
soakings, higher meter
sensitivity is required.

Because the potential
electrodes remain in
fixed locations, the ef­fects of the near surface
lateral variations in
resistivity are reduced.

In general, interpretations
based on DC soundings
will be limited to simple,
horizontal; layered
structures

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

Potential electrode
spacing increases
as current electrode
spacing increases. Less
sensitive meters may
be used.

All four electrodes, the two
current E (X) and H (Z) and
the two potential ES (Xv)
and S (Y) must be moved
equally to acquire each
reading.

Because all electrodes
are moved for each
reading, this method can
be more susceptible to
near-surface, lateral, and
variations in resistivity.
These near surface lateral
variations could potentially
be misinterpreted in terms
of depth variations in
resistivity.

In general, interpretations
based on DC soundings
will be limited to simple,
horizontal; layered
structures.

Source: DC Resistivity - T. Boyd

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5.6.2 Changing the Measurement Method

x 2

1. Set the switch to .

2. Press the Hz/OPTIONS button. "AUTO" will blink.

W

H

ρ

d

S

d

ES

d

E

CONFIG

3. Press the Hz/OPTIONS button again. "W" will blink.

4. Press the ► button to change to the Schlumberger method.

5. To confirm and exit, press the Hz/OPTIONS button twice.

W

H

ρ

d

S

d

ES

d

E

CONFIG

AUTO

V

Hz

H

ρ

S

d

S

A

ES

d

E

CONFIG

AUTO

V

Hz

AUTO

V

Hz

To switch back to the Wenner method, simply repeat this procedure.

The last measurement method selected (Wenner or Schlumberger) is stored in
memory when the device is switched o󰀨.

5.6.3 Programming the Distance for Electrode Placement

The distance can be programmed before or after the measurement. If it is not

programmed, only the value of R

indeterminate.

1. Set the switch to .

2.

Press the 2nd button, then the DISTANCE button. The "hundredths" will blink.

40

will be displayed, since the value of ρ remains

S-ES

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H

W

H

ρ

d

S

d

ES

d

E

DISTANCE

=

AUTO

Ωm

Ω

m

3. To modify the hundredths (of meters or feet), press the ▲ button until the

desired digit is displayed (0-9).

4. To select and modify the tens, press the ► button and then the ▲ button until

the desired digit is displayed (0-9).

5. To select and modify the units and tenths of a unit, press the ► button and

then the ▲ button until the desired digits are displayed (0.0- 9.9).

6. To terminate the programming of distance, press the 2nd button and then the
DISTANCE button.

In the case of the Schlumberger method, it is also necessary to program distance
A. This is done in the same way as for distance d.

5.6.4 Wenner Method

1. Set the switch to .

2. Place the 4 earth electrodes on a straight line, at a distance d from one an­other and at a depth p < 1/20 d. Distance d must be between 2 and 30m.

3. Connect the cables to the electrodes, then to terminals H (Z), S (Y), ES (Xv),
and E (X) in sequence.

4. Program the distance into the instrument as described in § 5.6.3.

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S ES

d

d

E

d

p

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In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, it is best to unwind the full length of

each cable from the reel, to keep the cables as far apart as possible on the ground,

taking care not to form loops, and to avoid placing the cables near or parallel to

metallic conductors (cables, rails, fences, etc.).

5. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

W

H

ρ

d

S

d

ES

d

E

ρ

= 2.π.d.R

W

AUTO

S-ES

k Ωm

Ω

m

To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

The device displays the following parameters:

ρW, R

S-ES

, d, U

S-ES

, I

H-E

, U-Act (U

and its frequency, U

S-ES

and its frequency).

H-E

To measure the resistances of the auxiliary electrodes H (Z), S (Y), ES (Xv) and E
(X), or if the resistance of the electrodes is too high (see § 10.1), start the measure-

ment by a long press of the START/STOP button.

R

42

and R

P-E

> 2s

, then R

P-H

and R

P-ES

W

H

ρ

d

S

d

ES

d

E

will be displayed.

P-S

k Ωm

kΩ

kΩ

AUTO

W

H

ρ

d

S

d

ES

d

E

AUTO

k Ωm

kΩ

kΩ

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5.6.5 Schlumberger Method

1. Set the switch to .

2. Place electrodes S (Y) and ES (Xv) at a distance A apart, then place elec-

trodes H (Z) and E (X) in the same straight line, at a distance d measured from
the midpoint of distance A. Distance d must be between 2 and 30m.

3. Drive the electrodes to a depth p of not more than 1/20 of d.

4. Connect the cables to the electrodes, then to terminals H (Z), S (Y), ES (Xv),
and E (X).

5. Program the distance into the instrument as described in § 5.6.3.

H (Z)

S (Y) ES (Xv)

A

d

E (X)

p

d

In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, it is best to unwind the full length of

each cable from the reel, to keep the cables as far apart as possible on the ground,

taking care not to form loops, and to avoid placing the cables near or parallel to

metallic conductors (cables, rails, fences, etc.).

6. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

H

ρ

d

S

A

ES

d

E

S

=

d2-

ρ

= π. .R

s

A

2

A

4

AUTO

S-ES

Ωm

Ω

m

To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

The device displays the following parameters:

ρS, R

S-ES

, d, U

S-ES

, I

H-E

, U-Act (U

and its frequency, U

S-ES

and its frequency).

H-E

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43

To measure the resistances of the auxiliary electrodes H (Z), S (Y), ES (Xv),
and E (X), or if the resistance of the electrodes is too high (see § 10.1), start the
measurement by a long press of the START/STOP button.

R

and R

P-E

, then R

P-H

P-ES

and R

will be displayed.

P-S

> 2s

H

ρ

S

d

S

A

ES

d

E

AUTO

Ωm

kΩ

k

Ω

H

ρ

S

d

S

A

ES

d

E

AUTO

Ωm

kΩ

Ω

k

5.7 Potential Measurement (V pot)

The earth potential measurement is similar to the 3-pole earth measurement, but
rather than measuring the resistance, the device measures the potential U
auxiliary electrode S (Y) at di󰀨erent distances d from earth electrode E (X). The
relative potential U
S (Y) and the total applied voltage U

is the ratio between the voltage U

SrEL

; it is therefore a number between 0 and 1.

H-E

measured on electrode

S-E

After entering a set of values for di󰀨erent distances d, you can determine the varia-

tion of the potential around an earth.

1.

Set the switch to V pot.

2.

Place electrode H (Z) at a distance A from the earth and electrode S (Y) at a
distance d1 from the earth.

SrEL

on

H

S

d1

d2

d3

d4

d5

A

In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, it is best to unwind the full length of

each cable from the reel, to keep the cables as far apart as possible on the ground,

taking care not to form loops, and to avoid placing the cables near or parallel to

metallic conductors (cables, rails, fences, etc.). Connect the cables to terminals H
(Z) and S (Y) and connect terminal E (Z) to the earth.

44

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3.

Press the 2nd button, then the DISTANCE button. The "hundredths" will blink.

H

S

A

d

E

=

DISTANCE

=

m

m

AUTO

4. To modify the hundredths (of meters or feet), press the ▲ button until the
desired digit is displayed (0-9).

5.

To select and modify the tens, press the ► button and then the ▲ button until
the desired digit is displayed (0-9).

6.

To select and modify the units and tenths of a unit, press the ► button and
then the ▲ button until the desired digits are displayed (0.0- 9.9).

7.

To terminate the programming of distance, press the 2nd button and then the
DISTANCE button.

NOTE: To program distance d, perform the preceding steps.

8.

Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

H

S

A

d

E

=

=

m

m

AUTO

9. To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.

The device displays the following parameters:

R

, I

LOOP

10.

Move electrode S (Y) to distance d2, then reprogram the value of d and make

and its frequency, I-Act (IES and its frequency).

ES

another measurement. Repeat for d3, d4, and d5.

11.

Record all of the measurements in order to be able to determine the variation

of the earth potential between points H (Z) and E (X).

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5.8 Earth/Ground Measurements with Two Clamps

This is a quick way to measure the value of the earth.

NOTE: The two clamp method typically yields a measurement higher than
the fall of potential method since it uses a higher frequency to perform the
test, resulting in an impedance measurement.

The current clamp connected to terminal H (Z) applies a voltage to the circuit to be
measured. The value of the resulting current is determined by the impedance of

the circuit to be measured. The current owing in the loop is measured using the

clamp connected to terminal ES (Xv). The device then calculates loop resistance
R

from these quantities.

LOOP

NOTE: Use only SR182 or MN82 current clamps, which are specially designed
to operate with the Model 6472.

1. Set the switch to .

2. Connect a clamp to terminal H (Z) and clamp it to a point down stream from

the rod under test that is a serial path to the earth.

3. Connect the other clamp to terminal ES (Xv) and clamp it to the rod or elec­trode system to be measured.

R

R

E1

R

E2

E3

R

E

Observe the following minimum distances between the two clamps in order to

avoid direct electromagnetic inuences between the transmitting clamp and the

receiving clamp:

Minimum separation

MN82 SR182

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

46

Value measured

(Ω)

0 to 1 0.1m (4") 0m (0")
1 to 5 0.4m (1' 04") 0.1m (4")

5 to 10 0.5m (1' 08") 0.2m (8")

10 to 50 0.7m (2' 04") 0.3m (1')

50 to 100 0.9m (3') 0.5m (1' 08")

100 to 500 1.2m (4') 0.5m (1' 08")

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1. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.

In the case of the diagram below, the earth impedance measured is equal to:

R

= RE + ( RE1 // RE2 // RE3).

LOOP

> 2s

H

ES

AUTO

m A

Hz

Ω

NOTE: In the AUTO mode, the measurement frequency is 1611Hz. To make
an earth measurement that is free of inductive effects, you must change to
MANUAL mode and choose a lower measurement frequency (see §6.2).

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47

CHAPTER 6

MANUAL MODE

All of the measurement functions described in § 5 (AUTO mode) can be performed
in MANUAL mode if necessary.

To access MANUAL mode:

• Press the Hz/OPTIONS button once. The Hz/OPTIONS symbol appears
and the AUTO indicator blinks.

• Use the ► button to switch from AUTO to MANUAL or, when in 3-Pole or
4-Pole earth measurement, to SWEEP (see § 6.9).

• When the tester is in MANUAL mode you can press Hz/OPTIONS repeatedly

to see various parameters that can be set, depending on the measurement

function selected.

When a measurement is performed by a short or long press on the START/STOP
button (the circular arrows
stopped by a second press of this button.

on the display will rotate), the measurement can be

Whenever a new measurement function is selected, the device automatically

changes back to AUTO mode.

6.1 Switching the Test Voltage

Available in all functions except mΩ and 2 Clamp.

If necessary, the test voltages can be switched to either 16 or 32V as follows:

• Press the Hz/OPTIONS button, then press it again to make the output volt-
age (Uout) blink.

• Use the ► button to switch to 16 or 32V, then press Hz/OPTIONS again.

This setting is retained when the unit is turned o󰀨.

48

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6.2 Measurement Frequency Selection

If there are signals with a frequency that could interfere with the chosen test fre­quency, the NOISE symbol will appear.

While in MANUAL mode, change the frequency by pressing the Hz/OPTIONS
button until the frequency flashes.

Press the ► button to choose the following frequencies:

• USr, 55, 92, 110, 119, 128 Hz (128 Hz is default).

• 128, 1367, 1611, 1758 Hz for the 2-clamps function (1611 Hz is default).

To change the user frequency (USr), press the ▲▼ buttons (▲▼ raises the value,
and + ▲▼ lowers it).

Table of possible USr frequencies (91 values from 41 to 5078Hz):

41 43 46 49 50 55 60 61 64 67 69 73 79 82 85 92

98 101 110 119 122 128 134 137 146 159 165 171 183 195 201 220

238 244 256 269 275 293 317 330 342 366 391 403 439 476 488 513

537 549 586 635 659 684 732 781 806 879 952 977 1025 1074 1099 1172

1270 1318 1367 1465 1563 1611 1758 1904 1953 2051 2148 2197 2344 2539 2637 2734

2930 3125 3223 3516 3809 3906 4102 4297 4395 4688 5078

There are two user frequencies: one for resistivity and one for earth and soil po­tential measurements. These two values remain in memory even after the device
is switched o󰀨.

For soil resistivity measurements, the user frequency is limited to 128 Hz.

6.3 Manual Settings for mΩ Measurements

Pressing Hz/OPTIONS in MANUAL mode allows the following parameters to be

changed using the ► button:

• Terminal symbols H and E blink H S ES E blink (4-Pole measurement)

• POS on H and DC+ blinks  neg on H and DC- (reversal of polarity at terminal H)

In MANUAL mode the tester does not reverse polarity automatically during the

measurement; however, the polarity can be reversed during the measurement by

pressing the Hz/OPTIONS button.

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6.3.1 Continuity Test

Measurement #3

1E

#2Measurement

The 2-wire mΩ measurement gives a quick measurement result, accompanied by

an audible beep, during a continuity check.

The display is in the sensitivity range (0.5Ω to 1.99kΩ) and the terminal check is
limited to terminal H (Z) (a cable must be connected to it), making it possible to
start the measurement with an open circuit.

For a continuity check, the following settings are mandatory:

• The 2-wire mΩ measurement function must be selected.

• The device must be in manual mode.

• The alarm function must be active (On).

• The alarm threshold must be low (<).

• The buzzer must be activated (bEEP On).

6.4 3-Pole Earth/Ground Measurement & Coupling

6.4.1 3-Pole Earth/Ground Measurements

Pressing on Hz/OPTIONS in MANUAL mode allows the following parameters to

be changed using the ► button:

• EARTH blinks  Earth Coupling Measurement

• 128 Hz blinks  Test Frequency Measurement

• Test voltage blinks  Test Voltage Selection

6.4.2 Earth/Ground Coupling Measurements

This measurement calls for making and storing 3 intermediate measurements (at

the same frequency). It is available only in MANUAL mode.

Connection diagram:

Earth

#1

R

1

50

R

1-2

R

A

R

C

arth 2

R

b

Measurement

R

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Press Hz/OPTIONS and use the ► button to switch from EARTH to EARTH COU-
PLING. Proceed as follows:

• If you want to eliminate the resistance of the measurement leads, you can
use lead compensation (2nd + START) before starting the actual coupling
measurement (see § 5.2.1).

• Turn the rotary switch to 3-Pole.

• Select a test frequency and a test voltage (if desired).

• The screen displays EARTH COUPLING 1. Make a 3-pole earth measure-

ment on the rst earth system (measurement of R1 in the connection dia­gram on previous page).

• Stop the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button. The MEM

symbol ashes to indicate that this result must be recorded in memory.

Press the MEM button twice. To save to another location, refer to §7.

• The screen now displays EARTH COUPLING 2. Make a 3-pole earth mea-
surement on the second earth system (measurement of R2). For this second

measurement, leave the H (Z) and S (Y) electrodes in the same positions as
for the rst measurement.

• Store this result in the same memory location as before by pressing the
MEM button twice.

• The screen now displays the message EARTH COUPLING 3. Disconnect
terminal S (Y) and make a 2-wire resistance measurement with terminal H
(Z) connected to earth 1 and terminal E (X) to earth 2.

• Record this result by pressing the MEM button twice.

• EARTH COUPLING 4 and the results of the measurements are displayed.

The calculation is based on the following formulas:

RC = (R1 + R2 – R

C1 = RC/R1 and C2 = RC/R

Rb = R2 - R

C

)/2

1-2

= R1 - RC

2 RA

• To display all of the measurement parameters, press the MR button.

• To scroll through all of the measurements, use the ► and ▲ buttons.

then x 4

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Press DISPLAY several times to display the following parameters:

EARTH COUPLING 1

R1 , U

OUT

and frequency, U

, I

, U-In (U

S-E

H-E

and frequency)

S-E

RH and RS if long press of START/STOP

EARTH COUPLING 2

R2 , U

OUT

and frequency, U

, I

, U-In (U

S-E

H-E

and frequency)

S-E

RH and RS if long press of START/STOP

EARTH COUPLING 3

EARTH COUPLING 4

R

, U

1-2

H-E

RC , C1, C2, RA, Rb, U

and frequency, I

, U-In (U

H-E

H-E

and its frequency.

out

and frequency).

6.5 4-Pole Earth/Ground Measurements

Pressing the Hz/OPTIONS button allows the following parameters to be changed

using the ► button:

• 128Hz blinks  Change the test frequency

• Test voltage blinks  Switch between 16 and 32V

6.6 Soil Resistivity Measurements

Pressing the Hz/OPTIONS button allows the following parameters to be changed

using the ► button:

• ρ

blinks (Wenner method)  Switch to ρS (Schlumberger method)

W

• 128Hz blinks  Change the test frequency

• Test voltage blinks  Switch between 16 and 32V

6.7 Earth/Ground Potential Measurements

Pressing the Hz/OPTIONS button allows the following parameters to be changed

using the ► button:

• 128Hz blinks  Change the test frequency

• Test voltage blinks  Switch between 16 and 32V

6.8 Measurements with Two Clamps

Pressing the Hz/OPTIONS button allows the following parameters to be changed

using the ► button:

• 1611Hz blinks  Change the test frequency

52

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6.9 SWEEP Mode

For 4-pole earth measurements (without clamp, selective with clamp, or with the

GroundFlex®), it is possible to select the frequency sweep mode (SWEEP).

Press the Hz/OPTIONS button, then the ► button. The device then displays the

rst free memory location (OBJ:TEST) in which to store a series of measurements

with a series of preset frequencies.

The device makes a measurement at each of the following frequencies:

41 64 92 128 256 513 1025 1465 2051 2539 3125 3516 4102 4687 5078

These SWEEP frequencies are factory defaults, preset in the memory. The user

can change them by conguring the tester using DataView® software.

6.10 Smoothing

In the manual mode, you can activate or deactivate the smoothing of the measure-

ment results by pressing the 2nd + DISPLAY (SMOOTH) buttons. This smoothing

consists in displaying an exponential mean value, a signicant help with highly
uctuating values.

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CHAPTER 7

MEMORY FUNCTION

The instrument has a total of 512 memory locations. Each of these locations is

dened by an object number (OBJ) from 01 to 99 and by a TEST number from 01

to 99.

For 3- and 4-pole earth measurements, and for measurements using the Ground-

Flex®, the sweep mode (SWEEP) can record several measurement results at the
same memory location, with the frequency as third addressing criterion.

During soil potential or resistivity measurements (Wenner or Schlumberger meth­ods), several measurement results are recorded at the same memory location,

with the distance between electrodes as the third addressing criterion.

For earth coupling measurements (EARTH COUPLING 1, 2, 3, 4), the four mea-

surements provide the third addressing criterion for the same memory location.

None of the other measurements has an additional addressing criterion, so each
occupies only one memory address.

Since each measurement is dated, you must set the date and time of the device

before any storage in memory (see § 4.2).

7.1 Saving Measurements into Memory

Measurement results can be saved by performing the following:

• Press the MEM button. The tester will automatically suggest the next free
memory location ( message).

• Press the MEM button a second time to save to the OBJ/TEST location.

• If you decide not to save your results, press DISPLAY to exit MEM mode.

• To change the OBJ and TEST location, use the ► and ▲▼ buttons.

NOTE: If a memory location is already occupied, the message will be dis­played. Pressing the MEM button will overwrite the measurement record.

When you change to SWEEP mode (§ 6.9), the device automatically activates the
MEM mode. It o󰀨ers a memory location before starting the measurement. All of

the results obtained will be stored at this location at the end of the measurement.

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For soil resistivity and potential measurements, if several measurements are made
with di󰀨erent distances d, you can store them under the same OBJ:TEST number,

with the distance as third addressing criterion.

It will be possible to overwrite values already stored with new ones having the
same distance d, or even to add new results having other values for the distance d
provided that all of the other measurement parameters are identical.

7.2 Recalling Measurements from Memory

To recall saved measurements, perform the following:

• Select a measurement function, then press the and MR buttons.

• Use the ► and ▲▼ buttons to choose the OBJ and TEST numbers.

• Press the DISPLAY button to display the time (tiME) and date (dAtE).

• Press DISPLAY again to display the measurement and its parameters.

• Press the MR button again to exit the recall mode.

If there are saved results in SWEEP mode, the frequency will be displayed as a
third address parameter below the OBJ:TEST number selected. Use the ► and

▲▼ buttons to select di󰀨erent frequencies.

The SET-UP function lets you read all memory addresses one after the other

independently of which measurement function is chosen.

Any measurement stored in the tester can be retrieved individually using Data-

View® software (see § 8).

7.3 Erasing Measurements from Memory

There are two ways to erase measurements - complete and selective.

7.3.1 Erasing All Measurements

• Set the switch to SET-UP.

• Push once on the MEM button to display the number of free and available
records.

• Push a second time on the MEM button.

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• The display will show “dEL ALL”. Change the blinking NO to YES with the ▲
button, then perform a long press (>2s) on the MEM button.

WARNING: This will delete ALL saved records.

• To exit without erasing, perform a short press on the MEM button.

7.3.2 Erasing Selective Measurements

• Set the switch to SET-UP.

• Press the button.

• Press the MR button. The Object and Test numbers of the last stored test ap­pear, with the Object number blinking.

• If you need to change the Object number, press the ▲ button until the desired

number is displayed. Then press the ► button; the Test number now blinks.

• Press the ▲ button until the desired test is displayed.

• Press the MEM button to display the dEL screen. By default, the blinking word
NO appears on the screen, indicating the test is not to be deleted. To delete
the test, press the ▲ button to change the blinking NO to YES, then press and
hold down (>2s) the MEM button. To exit without erasing, perform a short press
on the MEM button.

Note that if the test stored in this Object/Test number is a sweep test (which con-

sists of multiple measurements taken at di󰀨erent frequencies) this procedure only

deletes a single measurement. The remaining sweep measurements will still be

stored in this Object/Test. You must delete all individual measurements to com­pletely remove a sweep test.

When a test is deleted, its Object/Test number is removed from memory. When you
subsequently view stored tests, this number will be skipped. This Object/Test num­ber combination remains unavailable for storing tests until you completely erase

memory, as instructed in Section 7.3.1.

56

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CHAPTER 8

DATAVIEW® SOFTWARE

8.1 Installing DataView

®

DO NOT CONNECT THE INSTRUMENT TO THE PC BEFORE INSTALLING THE
SOFTWARE AND DRIVERS.

NOTE: When installing, the user must have Administrative access rights

during the installation. The users access rights can be changed after the
installation is complete.

DataView

USB Flash Drive Install

1. Insert the USB stick into an available USB port (wait for driver to be installed).

2. If Autorun is enabled then an AutoPlay window should appear as shown.

®

must be reinstalled for each user in a multi-user system.

NOTE: If Autorun is disabled, it will be necessary to open Windows Explorer,
then locate and open the USB stick drive labeled “DataView” to view the files
on the drive.

3. In the AutoPlay window, select Open Folder to view Files.

4. Double-click on Setup.exe from the opened folder view to launch the Data-

View setup program.

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5. A Set-up window, similar to the one below, will appear.

Figure 8-1

There are several di󰀨erent options to choose from. Some options(*) require an

internet connection.

• DataView, Version x.xx.xxxx - Installs DataView® onto the PC.

• *Adobe Reader - Links to the Adobe® website to download the most recent

version of Adobe® Reader to the computer. Adobe® Reader is required for

viewing PDF documents supplied with DataView®.

• *DataView Updates - Links to the online DataView® software updates to

check for new software version releases.

• *Firmware Upgrades - Links to the online rmware updates to check for

new rmware version releases.

• Documents - Shows a list of instrument related documents that you can

view. Adobe® Reader is required for viewing PDF documents supplied with

DataView®.

6. DataView, Version x.xx.xxxx option should be selected by default. Select

the desired language and then click on Install.

7. The Installation Wizard window will appear. Click Next.

8.

To proceed, accept the terms of the license agreement and click Next.

9. In the Customer Information window, enter a Name and Company, then click

Next.

10.

In the Setup Type window that appears, select the “Complete” radio button
option, then click Next.

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11. In the Select Features window that appears, select the instrument’s control
panel that you want to install, then click Next.

NOTE: The PDF-XChange option must be selected to be able to generate
PDF reports from within DataView®.

Figure 8-2

12. In the Ready to Install the Program window, click on Install.

13. If the instrument selected for installation requires the use of a USB port, a
warning box will appear, similar to Figure 8-3. Click OK.

Figure 8-3

NOTE: The installation of the drivers may take a few moments. Windows may
even indicate that it is not responding, however it is running. Please wait for
it to finish.

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14. When the drivers are nished installing, the Installation Successful dialog
box will appear. Click on OK.

15.

Next, the Installation Wizard Complete window will appear. Click on Finish.

16.

A Question dialog box appears next. Click Yes to read the procedure for con-
necting the instrument to the USB port on the computer.

NOTE: The Set-up window remains open. You may now select another option
to download (e.g. Adobe® Reader), or close the window.

17. Restart your computer, then connect the instrument to the USB port on the
computer.

18.

Once connected, the Found New Hardware dialog box will appear. Windows
will complete the driver installation process automatically.

The DataView folder containing shortcuts for DataView® and each control
panel selected during installation has

been added to your desktop.

NOTE: If you connected your instrument to the computer before installing
the software and drivers, you may need to use the Add/Remove Hardware
utility to remove the instrument driver before repeating the process.

8.2 Connecting the Model 6472 to your Computer

The Model 6472 is supplied with an optically isolated USB interface cable required
for connecting the instrument to the computer. This cable (Cat. #2135.41) is
equipped with a USB type A on one end, and an optical connector on the other
end.

To connect the Model 6472 to your computer:

1. Connect the optical connector end of the cable to the serial port on the

front panel of the Model 6472 (see Figure 2-1, Item #4).

2. Connect the USB type A end of the cable, to an available USB port on

your computer.

You are now ready to use the DataView

60

®

software with the 6472.

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8.3 Opening the Ground Tester Control Panel

To open the Control Panel, double-click the Ground Tester Icon in the DataView

folder that

The Ground Tester Control Panel opens and displays the following:

was created during installation, located on the desktop.

Figure 8-4

• A shortcut toolbar

• A toolbar with the mode selection and start/stop buttons.

• The instrument's status window (on the left-hand side):

- Recorded data from the instrument

- Real-time data

- Connection status

- The communications port and speed of the connection

- The model number, serial number, and rmware version

- Date and time from the clock

- Battery status

• Conguration window that shows all of the parameters available for modi-
cation. This window defaults to the instrument mode that is selected.

• Real-time Measurement window that shows the measurement of each test

performed in real-time (available only after a test has been performed)

If the indicated items are not shown on the screen, select Restore Default Layout

from the Window menu.

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8.3.1 Establishing Communication to the Instrument

If the instrument is turned ON at the time the Ground Tester Control Panel is
opened, a communication link will happen automatically.

If the instrument is turned OFF at the time the Control Panel is opened, establish a
communication link by going to Instrument > Connect in the main menu.

• The Communication dialog box will appear. Make sure that the communica­tion port displayed in the dialog box matches the port that the serial cable is
plugged into.

Figure 8-5

• Once the proper communication parameters have been specied, click OK.

NOTE: The connection status can be seen in the lower right-hand corner of
the Control Panel and in the Instrument window under status.

8.4 Configuring the Instrument

To congure the instrument, perform the following steps.

Double-click the Ground Tester icon in the DataView folder on your

1.
desktop.

2.

Go to Instrument > Congure from the main menu of the Control Panel.

NOTE: If a connection has not been previously established, the Communi­cation dialog box will appear (see Fig. 8-5).

3.

Once identication is complete, a Conguration dialog window will appear

(if not already open).

The descriptions of the features below appear on several Conguration dialog

boxes, depending on the type of test selected.

• Load from File: Retrieves stored congurations to be used in programming

the instrument.

• Save to File: Saves the current conguration. This le will reside on the

computer’s disk drive. Saving di󰀨erent conguration setups can be useful

for future functions and tests.

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• Set Instrument Clock: Updates the clock to the PC clock.

• Buzzer: When selected, buzzer is ON.

• Alarm: When selected, alarm is ON.

• Drop-down Indicators: Indicates the conguration available for each mea-

surement range.

NOTE: To set the Terminal Label markings (e.g. H, S, ES, E or Z, Y, Xv, X),
Measurement units and Rho units, go to Tools > Options.

8.4.1 DC Continuity Test

When DC Continuity is selected from the tool bar, you can:

• Select a 2- or 4-Wire test.

• Select a test current (positive, negative or Auto ±).

• Enter and activate an alarm from 1 to 999Ω (2-Wire only), if desired.

For very low resistance measurement, a lead compensation value (see § 5.2.1)

may be entered using the Change button.

Input noise status at the input of the meter is always displayed.

Figure 8-6

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8.4.2 3-Pole Ground Resistance Test

When 3-Pole Ground Resistance is selected from the tool bar, you can select:

• With or without Auxiliary Rod Resistance.

• Test voltage of 16 or 32VAC.

• Distance "d" from terminal X to terminal Y.

• Distance "a" from terminal X to terminal Z.

• Auto frequency - selects the optimum frequency (from 41 to 5078Hz), usu-

ally 128Hz, or select manually from the drop-down frequency list.

Selecting a sweep frequency test from the drop-down list will enable the sweep

table selection.

The Input Noise option allows the viewing of noise for Z or Y inputs.

Ω

Figure 8-7

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8.4.3 4-Pole Ground Resistance

When 4-Pole Test Resistivity is selected from the tool bar, you can select:

• With or without Auxiliary Rod Resistance.

• Test voltage 16 or 32VAC.

• Auto frequency - selects the optimum frequency (from 41 to 5078Hz), usu-

ally 128Hz, or select manually from the drop-down frequency list.

Selecting a sweep frequency test from the drop-down list will enable the sweep

table selection.

The Input Noise option allows the viewing of noise for Z or Y inputs.

Figure 8-8

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8.4.4 4-Pole Plus Clamp Resistance

Useful for testing multiple points without having to move the current and potential

electrodes.

This option is only available when there is a current probe connected to the Xv
terminal. The following conguration options are available:

• With or without Auxiliary Rod Resistance.

• Test voltage 16 or 32VAC.

• Auto frequency - select the optimum frequency (from 41 to 5078Hz), usually

128Hz, or select manually from the drop-down frequency list.

Current (Z) and potential electrodes (Y) are installed as in a fall-of-potential test.

Current probe and lead are both connected at the test point. Multiple test points

can be measured by moving the probe with its lead to a new location, but not mov-

ing the current and potential electrodes.

The instrument should be strategically positioned so that the leads will not be too
short to perform all the measurements.

The Input Noise option allows the viewing of noise for Z or Y inputs.

Figure 8-9

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8.4.5 4-Pole Soil Resistivity

When 4-Pole Test Resistivity is selected from the tool bar, you can select:

• With or without Auxiliary Rod Resistance.

• Test voltage 16 or 32VAC.

• Auto frequency - selects the optimum frequency (from 41 to 128Hz), usually

128Hz, or select manually from the drop-down frequency list.

• Test Method - Wenner or Schlumberger.

• Distances - the distance “d” (for Wenner test method) or “d” and “a” (for Sch-
lumberger test method), between the test electrodes, needs to be entered

for resistivity calculation to read out directly in Rho.

Selecting a sweep frequency test from the drop-down list will bring you to the

sweep table selection.

The Input Noise option allows the viewing of noise for Z or Y inputs.

Figure 8-10

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8.4.6 Ground Potential

When Ground Potential is selected from the tool bar, you can select:

• With or without Auxiliary Rod Resistance.

• Test voltage 16 or 32VAC.

• Distance "d" from terminal X to terminal Y.

• Distance "a" from terminal X to terminal Z.

• Auto frequency - selects the optimum frequency (from 41 to 5078Hz), usually

128Hz, or select manually from the drop-down frequency list.

Selecting a sweep frequency test from the drop-down list will bring you to the

sweep table selection.

The Input Noise option allows the viewing of noise for Z or Y inputs.

Figure 8-11

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8.4.7 Ground Loop R

This mode can only be selected when there are current probes connected to the

Z and Xv terminals. When Ground Loop R is selected from the tool bar, you can
select:

• Auto frequency - selects the optimum frequency (from 1367 to 1758Hz),
usually 1367Hz, or select manually from the drop-down frequency list.

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

Figure 8-12

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8.4.8 GroundFlex®

NOTE: This option is only available when there is a GroundFlex® Adapter
connected to the 6472.

When GroundFlex® is selected from the tool bar, you can select:

• With or without Auxiliary Rod Resistance.

• Test voltage 16 or 32VAC.

• Auto frequency - selects the optimum frequency (from 41 to 128Hz), usually

128Hz, or select manually from the drop-down frequency list.

• Number of turns of the GroundFlex® around the connector.

• An input sensitivity for the GroundFlex®. Choice is 0.1, 1, or 10.0. If the value

is too high, the test will show "Overloaded inputs". If that happens, try again
with a lower sensitivity.

• Input selection - Indicates which GroundFlex® is connected to the 6474.

Selecting a sweep frequency test from the drop-down list will bring you to the

sweep table selection.

The Input Noise option allows the viewing of noise for Z or Y inputs.

Figure 8-13

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8.5 Tools Menu

8.5.1 Tools > Options

• Set number display as scientic (1000 as "1E+3") or letters (1000 as "1k").

• Set Label Terminals to be "X", "Xv", "Y", "Z", or "E", "ES", "S", H".

• Set Measurement units to meter or feet

• Set Rho units to Ohm-meter or Ohm-centimeter

8.5.2 Tools > Colors

Sets colors for measurement channels.

8.5.3 Tools > Recover Data

Every time the directory of recorded data is displayed by the Ground Tester Control
Panel, a backup copy of all the data is saved to a le. Use this option to recover
previous data.

8.6 Starting a Test

Press the START button to begin a test. Some tests congurations are automatic
and end when the data is stable. Others, generally when there is a manual fre-

quency, show a "Stop" button, which should be pressed when the data is available
on the screen and has stable values..

8.7 Downloading Data to Database

Select Recorded Data from the View menu to download the recorded data.

1. Select the data you want to download by clicking on the le name (see
Figure 8-14).

2. Select Create DataView Report. DataView® will be open with the newly
created report.

3. Alternatively, select Create Spreadsheet. Type a name for the download-
ed le. In the Save as type drop-down menu, select either .xls (saves it
as an Excel spreadsheet le), or .csv (saves it as a comma delimited le),

then click Save.

4. Alternatively, select View. After the download is complete, a window will
appear with a graph of the data, and some viewing or channel options. In

that window, you can select Create DataView Report, Create Spread­sheet, or Print.

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5. Also, from the Instrument tree view, expand the sections under Recorded

Data from the instrument, then click on a line that describes the re-

corded data. It will bring up a window with a graph of the data.

8.7.1 Recordings

Figure 8-14

8.7.2 Session Properties

After creating a DataView® report, you can open the Session Properties dialog box
by selecting Edit > Edit Session Properties.

Figure 8-15

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The Session Properties dialog allows you to specify Operator, Site and Custom

parameters that are to be saved with recorded data. These parameters are used

when generating reports.

The Operator and Site tabs allow you to maintain lists of operators and sites,

saving you time when specifying parameters for reports.

On the left of the Operator and Site tabs is the list of previously dened Operators
and Sites. On the right of the Operator and Site tabs is the individual parameters
that will be saved in an associated database. Only a single set of operator and site
elds are saved in the recording database.

The Custom tab contains a list of user dened parameters. Along side each user
dened parameter is a check box. Items that are checked will be added to an

associated database. Only a single set of Custom parameters can be maintained
(unlike the Operator and Site lists). The Custom tab allows you to specify any user

dened parameters (in addition to the comments eld of the Site tab) that are to be

used in displaying a report.

NOTE: You can also set defaults for session properties within the Ground
Tester Control Panel by selecting File > Edit Session Properties.

8.8 Exporting the Report to a PDF File

• Select the data by clicking on the le name under Recorded Data from the in-

strument in the Instrument window on the left-hand side of the Control Panel.

• Click the Print button.

• In the Print dialog box that appears, select PDF-XChange 3.0 from the drop-
down menu, then click OK.

• When the PDF is complete, the Save As dialog box will appear.

• Choose a location to save the le and click Save.

This completes the process of conguring, running, retrieving data, and printing a

report using DataView® with your Model 6472.

In addition to the pre-designed report templates, DataView® allows you to
totally configure reports to your needs. Refer to the DataView® HELP file on

“Templates” to learn more about templates.

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CHAPTER 9

MAINTENANCE

9.1 Maintenance

Please make sure that you have read and fully understand the WARNING
section on page 3.

• To avoid electrical shock, do not attempt to perform any servicing unless

you are qualied to do so.

• To avoid electrical shock and/or damage to the instrument, do not get water
or other foreign agents into the case.

• Turn the instrument OFF and disconnect the unit from all circuits before
opening the case.

• Use specied spare parts only.

9.2 Cleaning

Disconnect the instrument from any source of electricity.

Use a soft cloth lightly moistened with soapy water. Wipe with a moist cloth and
then dry with a dry cloth. Never use alcohol, solvents or hydrocarbons.

9.3 Fuse Replacement

The unit is protected from overloads by two identical fuses:

• Fuse for terminal H (Z):

If this fuse is defective, the unit will no longer produce an output voltage, making it

impossible to perform resistance measurements.

To test this fuse, turn the switch to the mΩ position (2-Wire), connect measurement
leads to terminals H (Z) and E (X) and start a measurement. If the unit refuses to
operate and the symbol for terminal H (Z) blinks, the fuse must be replaced.

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• Fuse for clamp terminal ES (Xv):

If this fuse is defective, the unit will no longer recognize a clamp that is connected

to terminal ES (Xv), making it impossible to perform a 4-Pole earth measurement
with a clamp or an earth measurement with 2 clamps.

To test this fuse, select the 4-Pole measurement function and connect a test clamp

to terminal ES (Xv). If a clamp symbol does not appear next to the symbol for ter­minal ES (Xv) in the display, the fuse must be replaced.

NOTE: For safety reasons this fuse must always be replaced by an identical
model: 0.63 A F 250V 5x20mm 1.5kA (Cat. #2135.81)

Procedure for replacing fuses:

1. Disconnect the unit completely, turn the rotary switch to OFF, and close
the lid.

2. Loosen the four permanent screws at the bottom of the unit, but do not

remove them.

3. Open the lid and carefully turn the housing upside-down, making sure the

front panel does not fall out. Then carefully pull the front panel and the unit
all the way out of the housing.

4. The fuse for terminal H (Z) is accessible at the back of the unit (in the
corner near the terminal for the battery charger).

5. If only the fuse for terminal H (Z) needs to be replaced, jump ahead to step

13. To replace the fuse for the clamp terminal ES (Xv), continue on.

6. Loosen the two screws on the lid of the battery case and remove the lid.

7. Pull the battery a short way out of the case without overstretching the con-

nection leads, and loosen the two screws at the bottom of the case. Then
put the battery back into the case.

8. Making sure the battery leads are not overstretched and that the battery
does not fall out, carefully lift o󰀨 the back of the unit, turn it over and place

it next to the front panel with the electronic components.

9. The fuse for the clamp terminal ES (Xv) is now accessible on the printed
circuit board [in the corner near terminal E (X)]. When replacing the fuse,

avoid touching the circuitry or components.

10. Return the back of the unit to the front panel with the components, taking
care not to stretch the battery leads. Carefully lower the back of the unit
and make sure that it is aligned correctly (the four cylindrical holes on the

back must slip over the four mounting pins on the front panel). Also make

sure you do not pinch the battery leads or other wires or components.

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11. Pull the battery a short way out of the case without overstretching the

connection leads, and retighten the two screws at the bottom of the case.
Then put the battery back into the case.

12. Put the lid back onto the battery case and screw it shut.

13. Wipe o󰀨 any dirt on the seal and housing rim.

14. Put the unit back into the housing and screw it into place.

9.4 Recharging the Battery

NOTE: To make the best use of the battery and prolong its service life, ob­serve the following rules.

• Use only the battery charger supplied with the unit; other chargers may be
hazardous!

• Recharge the battery only at temperatures between 32° and 104°F (0° and
+40°C).

• Observe the conditions of use and storage dened in the specications.

Even an NiMH battery can be recharged only a limited number of times. This num­ber, and thus the service life of the battery, is highly dependent on the following
factors:

• the operating conditions

• the recharging conditions

As the earth tester might go some time without use and the battery has a natural

tendency to run down, you should check the battery level at regular intervals. To do
this, turn on the unit and check the battery level indicator at the top of the

display. If there is only one bar in the symbol or if there are no bars at all, the bat­tery should be recharged.

If the unit is not used for a long time, the battery might run down all the way. In

this case, recharging can take several hours. In addition, the unit might not work

properly at the start of recharging.

The capacity and lifetime of the battery may also be diminished. After about ve
charging/discharging cycles the battery will recover its initial capacity.

To recharge the battery, plug the charging unit into the connector at the upper left
(connector  in Fig. 2-1) and connect the charging unit to a 100 to 240VAC power
source (suitable for Europe and the U.S.). The frame of the battery symbol will

blink during charging. Charging goes faster when the tester is turned o󰀨. The bat­tery voltage is shown on the large display next to Ubatt.

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At the middle and bottom of the display you will see one of the following messages:

bAtt CHrG Fast charging is active (normal state)

bAtt LOW Battery voltage is too low for a fast charge - charging at a lower current

bAtt Battery voltage is too high for a fast charge - charging at a lower current

bAtt HOt

bAtt COLd Battery is too cold for a fast charge (< 0°C) - charging at a lower current

bAtt FULL Battery is full - switch to trickle charging

The 6472 tester can also be recharged from a 12VDC car outlet with a special
charging unit.

Battery is too warm for a fast charge (>40°C) - charging at a lower current

NOTE: In this case the low-potential of the vehicle’s 12V outlet is at the po­tential of terminals E (X) and ES (Xv) of the ground tester. For safety reasons,
do not connect or use the unit if there is a possibility that voltages at E (X) or
ES (Xv) could exceed 32V.

9.5 Replacing the Battery

The battery in this unit is a special product with customized safety features and

protective devices. It should be replaced only by the same model. If a di󰀨erent
model is used, there is a danger of re or explosion, leading to possible damage

or injury.

NOTE: For safety reasons, replace the battery with an identical model:
NiMH Custom Pack 9.6 V / 3.5 Ah (Cat. #2960.21)

Procedure for replacing the battery:

1. Disconnect the unit completely, turn the rotary switch to OFF, and close
the lid.

2. Loosen the four permanent screws at the bottom of the unit, but do not

remove them.

3. Open the lid and carefully turn the housing upside-down, making sure the

front panel does not fall out. Then carefully pull the front panel and the unit
all the way out of the housing.

4. Loosen the two screws on the lid of the battery case and remove the lid.

5. Pull the battery a short way out of the case without overstretching the con-

nection leads, and loosen the two screws at the bottom of the case. Then
put the battery back into the case.

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6. Making sure the battery leads are not overstretched and that the battery

does not fall out, carefully lift o󰀨 the back of the unit, turn it over and

place it next to the front panel with the electronic components.

7. Press the clip o󰀨 the plug, and pull out the plug with the four battery

leads (in the corner, near the terminal for the optical interface). Avoid

touching the circuitry or components.

8. Remove the old battery from the case and put in a new one. Run the

leads with the plug through the largest slot in the battery case.

9. Insert the battery plug (in the corner, near the terminal for the optical

interface). The two pins should point towards the clip. Avoid touching the

circuitry or components.

10. Return the back of the unit (with the new battery in the case) to the front
panel with the components, taking care not to stretch the battery leads.
Carefully lower the back of the unit and make sure that it is aligned

correctly (the four cylindrical holes on the back must slip over the four

mounting pins on the front panel). Also make sure you do not pinch the
battery leads or other wires or components.

11. Pull the battery a short way out of the case without overstretching the

connection leads, and retighten the two screws at the bottom of the
case. Then put the battery back into the case.

12. Put the lid back onto the battery case and screw it shut.

13. Wipe o󰀨 any dirt on the seal and housing rim.

14. Put the unit back into the housing and screw it into place.

15. Fully charge the new battery in the unit before using it.

16. Reset the time and date.

NOTE: If the instrument is not used for long periods of time (more than 6
months), it is recommended, in order to recover the initial capacity of the
battery, to make several charge-discharge cycles (3 to 5 times). Discharge
cycle (15 H) can be made with the instrument in MANUAL mode, DC 2-Pole
(2-Pole) resistance measurement and a short-circuit between H (Z) and E (X)
plugs.

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CHAPTER 10

TROUBLESHOOTING

10.1 Error Reporting

10.1.1 Electrode Resistance Too High

This can happen in a 3- or 4-pole earth measurement, a resistivity measurement,

or an earth potential measurement.

This message is displayed when the measurement is triggered by a short press of
the START/STOP button and the resistances of the auxiliary electrodes are too high.

The measurement must then be started by a long press on the START/STOP but-

ton. The device then measures the values of the electrodes and compensates for

them to display the correct result.

10.1.2 Out of Range

>

<

or

<

and

The ashing > or < symbol indicates the measurement is

out of range.

If both symbols ash together, it means that the accuracy
of the value displayed is outside of the instrument

>

specication or is subject to large uctuations. Activating

the smoothing function (SMOOTH) may correct this.
Press the 2nd button, then the SMOOTH button to activate
smoothing.

10.1.3 Misconnection

H

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ES

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This ashing indicates that a terminal or a

E

current clamp needs to be either connect­ed or disconnected. You must correct the
connections or the measurement will not

proceed. The ashing of terminal H may

also indicate that current I

ashing of terminal S may also indicate that

resistance RS is too high. The ashing of
terminal ES may also indicate that the cur­rent IES measured by the clamp is too low.

is too low. The

H-E

79

To reduce RH, you can add one or more electrodes, 2 meters apart from each

NOISE

other, in the H (Z) leg of the circuit, or increase the test voltage.

To reduce RS, you can add one or more electrodes, 2 meters apart from each
other, in the S (Y) leg of the circuit.

To reduce the resistance of the electrodes, you can also drive them deeper, pack

the ground around them well, or dampen them with water.

10.1.4 Out of Limits Indicators

This ashing during a passive measurement means that the device
has detected the presence of an external voltage exceeding 42V on

the terminals and that the measurement is impossible.

This ashing during an active measurement means that the operat-
ing limits have been exceeded.

If this symbol remains lit during an active measurement, it means
that the values measured are subject to large uctuations or that

there is an incorrect connection.

The display of an indenite value for a passive measurement indi-

cates that measurement current IES or I

The display of the NOISE symbol indicates that a stray external voltage is likely to

interfere with the measurement. You should change to manual mode and change

the measurement voltage and/or frequency in order to make a valid measurement.

or voltage U

SEL

is too low.

S-ES

After the measurement has started there are indicators of when:

• Values RH and/or RS are too high,

• Measurement current I

, IES or I

H-E

is too low,

SEL

• The instability of the measurement is large.

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Conditions that may give uncertain results are indicated on the display of the unit

NOISE

as follows:

Frequency Function Triggering threshold

f > 513Hz

f ≤ 513Hz

f > 513Hz

3P, 4P, V pot. I

4Psel, GroundFlex

®

3P, 4P, ρ, V pot I

4Psel, GroundFlex

®

All (except ρ and 2

clamps)

< 6 mA

H-E

I

’ < 6 mA

H-E

< 1 mA

H-E

I

’ < 1 mA

H-E

RS > 5 kΩ

(1)

(1)

f ≤ 513Hz All RS > 30 kΩ

4P sel IES < 1 mA

GroundFlex

®

I

< 10 mA

SEL

Values measured (U,

All

I, R) unstable, varying

by more than 5% about

their mean values.

IES < 3 mA

R

PASS

I

SEL

U

S-ES

< 30 mA

< 10 mV

(2)

Indication on the

display unit

(3)

ashes

H

ashes

(3)

ashes

S

ashes

ashes

ashes

ashes

ashes

(3)

steady

ashes

ashes

(3)

(3)

R

PASS

All U

S-ES

I

U

, U

< 3 mA

SEL

< 1 mV

S-ES

, U

S-E

> 42 V

H-E

-.--- (undened)

(3)

ashes

Stray voltage of which

IES < 0,3 mA

All

the frequency and/or

value is likely to inter-

(4)

fere with the measure-

ment.

(1) I

’: current I

H-E

(2) Not active if the SMOOTH function is selected.

(3) The symbol may also appear if there is an external voltage > 42 V on the terminals of the device.

(4) You should change to manual mode and modify the measurement voltage and/or frequency to make
a valid measurement (when the NOISE symbol is no longer illuminated).

Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

measured at the start of the measurement before I

H-E

SEL

.

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10.1.5 Error Messages

When started up, the Model 6472 device automatically performs a self-test. If a
fault appears during this self-test or during a measurement, the device displays a

message in the form Err XX.

There are 3 categories of errors:

• Harmless Errors 6, 7, 11 and 17
The message appears for approximately 1 second to inform

the user. Consider a repair if the error recurs.

• Errors 6 and 7 are always preceded by an automatic reset.

• During Error 11, the tester automatically resets to the fac­tory default settings.

• Correctable Errors 5, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 30, 31, 32 and 33
These errors concern the current measurement function and

disappear if the function is changed. The device can therefore

be used, but a repair will be necessary if the error persists.

• Error 18 indicates that the rechargeable battery in the
tester cannot be recharged. If this error occurs during
recharging, disconnect the tester from the charger and
follow the procedure described in the “fatal” errors.

• Error 19 can be corrected by clearing the entire memory of
the unit (see section 8.3).

• Errors 31, 32 and 33 indicate excessive voltage or

excessive current during a measurement. Check the

measurement setup for faults.

• Fatal Errors 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18 (during battery recharge)
and 21

These errors make operation of the unit impossible. Turn o󰀨

the unit and turn it on again. If the error persists, repair is
necessary.

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APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Basic Terminologies

Explanations for some of the basic terms related to earth measurements follow:

Auxiliary electrode - H (Z)

A supplementary electrode through which a measurement current ows.

Earth conductor

The conductor which connects the installation to be earthed to the earth elec­trode.

Earth connection

A locally restricted group of electrically connected earth contacts. It also in­cludes metal parts of installations such as pylon footings, bracings, cable
sheathing and earth conductors.

Earth electrode - E (X)

A conductor which is buried in the earth and makes electrical contact with it.

Earth potential

The potential di󰀨erence measured between the earth connection and a refer-

ence earth electrode.

Earth electrode - ES (Xv)

A connection on the earth electrode or earthing system used for measuring
the potential of the earth electrode.

Earth resistance

The resistance measured between the earth connection and a reference earth

electrode (cf. selective earth resistance).

Earth

The location of an earth connection (see also reference earth).

Earthing system

The set of all installations connected to the earth.

Electrode - S (Y)

An auxiliary electrode used for measuring the potential of the reference earth.

The voltage, which is proportional to the resistance of the earth connection, is

measured between this electrode and the earth electrode.

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Reference earth

The area of earth (especially at the surface) which is outside the range of inu-

ence of the earth electrode or earthing system.

Resistivity of the earth (ρ)

Resistivity is dened as the resistance from wall to opposite wall of a cubic
meter of soil. It is measured in ohm-meters (Ωm).

Selective earth resistance

The parallel partial resistance of an earth connection or earthing system. It

is measured by selective measurements of current in the corresponding re­sistance branch. A selective earth resistance is always greater than the total

earth resistance (parallel connection).

Step voltage

The potential di󰀨erence bridged by a person who takes a step of 1m (approx.
3 ft), with the resulting current owing through the body from one foot to the
other (cf. touch voltage).

Supplementary electrode

An additional earth electrode (earth stake, earth rod).

Touch voltage

The potential di󰀨erence which a person is able to bridge with his or her body,

the resulting current being limited by the body and the local earth resistance

(cf. step voltage).

The general term earth measurement can refer to measurements of individual

earth electrodes, earth connections or entire earthing systems, depending on the
object of interest.

Glossary

This glossary lists the terms and abbreviations used on the instrument and the

digital display.

3-Poles : measurement of earth resistance with 2 auxiliary stakes (3-

Pole method)

4-Poles : 4-Pole measurement of low earth resistance with 2 auxiliary

stakes (4-Pole method)

GroundFlex® : selective earth measurement using the GroundFlex® Adapter

Model 6474 and GroundFlex® sensor

C1 : earth coupling coe󰀩cient RA with earth Rb (C1= RC / R1 )

C2 : earth coupling coe󰀩cient Rb with earth RA (C2= RC / R2 )

d, A : distances to be programmed to calculate resistivity according

to the measuring method used

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mΩ : measurement of low resistance /continuity

E : terminal E (X) - earth socket; current measurement return

terminal

EARTH : earth measurement (3 or 4 poles)

EARTH COUPLING

: coupling measurement between two earth sockets

ES : ES (Xv) terminal (measurement potential socket for

calculating earth resistance)

H : H (Z) terminal (measurement current injection terminal)

(1)

I-Act

: external current circulating at present between the instrument

terminals

IES : current measured by the clamp connected to the ES terminal

(selective earth measurement with clamp)

I

: measurement current circulating between the H and E

H-E

terminals

I

: current measured via the GroundFlex® Adapter Model 6474

SEL

(selective earth measurement with GroundFlex®)

NOISE : indicates the presence of external interference causing

misrepresentation of the earth or resistivity measurement

R : average resistance calculated from R+ and R-

R+ : resistance measured with a positive current circulation from

terminal H to E

R- : resistance measured with a negative current circulation from

terminal H to E

(1)

R-Act

: resistance currently calculated from values U-Act and I-Act

R1 : rst value measured to calculate the coupling between 2 earth

sockets (R1 = RA + RC )

R2 : second value measured to calculate the coupling between 2

earth sockets (R2 = Rb + RC )

R

: third value measured to calculate the coupling between 2

1-2

earth sockets (R

= RA + Rb )

1-2

RA : rst earth value calculated (RA = R1 - RC )

Rb : second earth value calculated (Rb = R1 - RC )

RC : coupling resistance between earths RA and Rb (Rc = (R1 + R2

– R

) / 2)

1-2

RE : earth resistance connected to terminal E

RH : resistance of the stake connected to terminal H

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R

: resistance of the earth loop measured with the "2 clamps"

LOOP

function

R

: value of the R-Act resistance (PASS for "passive"

PASS

measurement with interference current circulating in the
installation)

RS : resistance of the stake connected to terminal S

R

: selective earth resistance (measurement of the current with a

SEL

clamp or GroundFlex®)

(2)

R

: resistance between stakes S and ES (used for resistivity

S-ES

measurement)

R∆0 : measuring lead compensation resistance

S : S (Y) terminal (reference potential socket for calculating earth

resistance)

(1)

U-Act

U

U

: external voltage currently present on the instrument terminals

: voltage measured between terminals H and E

H-E

: voltage generated by the instrument between terminals H and

OUT

E (32V or 16V)

U

: voltage measured between terminals S and E

S-E

U

: voltage measured between terminals S and ES

S-ES

USR : frequency chosen by the user (from the English "user")

U

: voltage of terminal S (compared with E) expressed as a

SrEL

relative value (rEL); value without unit

V pot. : ground potential measurement

ρS : ground resistivity measured according to the Schlumberger

method (expressed as Ω.m)

ρW : ground resistivity measured according to the Wenner method

(expressed as Ω.m)

(1) The su󰀩x Act becomes In (for "Input" in English) when this value is recorded by the instru-

ment and then read, to make a distinction between the current and recorded values. In both
cases, this value on the display is associated with its frequency.

(2) In this case, the resistances of the 4 stakes used for measurement are indicated by R

R

, R

.

P-ES

P-E

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472

, R

,

P-H

P-S

Limited Warranty

The Model 6472 is warranted to the owner for a period of two years from
the date of original purchase against defects in manufacture. This limited
warranty is given by AEMC® Instruments, not by the distributor from whom it
was pur-chased. This warranty is void if the unit has been tampered with,

abused or if the defect is related to service not performed by AEMC®

Instruments.

Please print the online Warranty Coverage Information for your records.

Caution: To protect yourself against in-transit loss, we recommend you insure

your returned material.

NOTE: You must obtain a CSA# before returning any instrument.

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Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472