Clamp-On
HOLD
+
—
m
A
R
1
HOLD
MEM
MR
NOISE
Model 3710
GROUN D TES TER
AEMC
I NS T R U M E NT S
A Ω
ON
OFF
HOLD
+
—
m
A
R
1
HOLD
MEM
MR
NOISE
Model 3730
GROUN D TES TER
AEMC
I NS T R U M E NT S
MEM AL A Ω
ON
OFF
Ground Resistance Testers
Models 3710 and 3730
USER MANUAL
Owner’s Record
The serial number for the Model 3710 or Model 3730 is located inside
the battery compartment of the instrument. Please record this number
and purchase date for your records.
CLAMP-ON GROUND RESISTANCE TESTER MODEL 3710
CATALOG #1221.01
SERIAL #:
PURCHASE DATE:
DISTRIBUTOR:
CLAMP-ON GROUND RESISTANCE TESTER MODEL 3730
CATALOG #1221.02
SERIAL #:
PURCHASE DATE:
DISTRIBUTOR:
99-MAN-100061
5th Revision
Printed 03/98
AEMC®Instruments
by Chauvin Arnoux, Inc.
Table of Contents
Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Receiving Your Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Government Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Mechanical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Safety Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Model 3710 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Model 3730 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Digital Display Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Additional Features of the Model 3730 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Function Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Programming the Alarm Setpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Changing the Alarm Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Memory Recall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Clear Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Function Access Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Programming Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Principle of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Field Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Operating Reference Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Calibration Check Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Commonly Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Table of Contents (cont.)
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Repair and Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Technical and Sales Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inside back cover
Warning
These safety warnings are provided to ensure the safety of personnel and the proper operation of the instrument.
• The instrument must not be operated beyond its specified operating range.
• Safety is the responsibility of the operator.
• All metal objects or wires connected to the electrical system
should be assumed to be lethal until tested. Grounding systems
are no exception.
• Use extreme caution when using the instrument around energized electrical equipment.
• Never attempt to use the instrument to twist or pry the ground
electrode or ground wire away from the equipment being
grounded.
• Open and close the clamp-on jaws slowly ensuring proper
alignment.
• AEMC®Instruments considers the use of rubber gloves to be an
excellent safety practice even if the equipment is properly operated and correctly grounded.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
3
Receiving Your Shipment
Upon receiving your shipment, be sure that the contents are consistent
with the packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the
equipment appears to be damaged, file a claim immediately with the
carrier and notify your distributor at once, giving a detailed description
of any damage. Save the damaged packing container to substantiate
your claim.
Packaging
The Clamp-On Ground Resistance Testers Model 3710 (Cat. #1221.01)
and Model 3730 (Cat. #1221.02) are shipped with a hard carrying case,
one 9 V battery (not installed), an instruction manual with warranty
registration and a calibration loop. The manual, warranty card, and calibration loop are located behind the “egg crate” foam on the inside of the
carrying case cover.
Government Orders
The Clamp-On Ground Resistance Tester Model 3710 (Cat. #1221.01)
has been issued a National Stock Number. Orders for the Model 3710
should reference NSN 6625-01-377-8030.
Accessories
One multiple calibration loop, Cat. #1223.01
4
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Description
Outline
The ground resistance tester Models 3710 and 3730 measure ground rod
and small grid resistance through any season, without the use of auxiliary
ground rods. Clamp-on ground resistance testers are used in multigrounded systems without disconnecting the ground under test. The
Models 3710 and 3730 simply clamp around the ground conductor or rod
and measure the resistance to ground. By performing measurements on
intact ground systems, the user also verifies the quality of the grounding
connections and bonds. Resistance and continuity of grounding loops
around pads and buildings may also be measured.
Both models include a current measurement function. The probe’s high
sensitivity enables measurement of leakage current flowing to ground or
circulating in ground loops down to 1 mA and neutral currents to 30 A
rms. This feature provides additional information which is becoming vital
as distribution ground networks carry higher levels of noise and
harmonics which affect power quality.
Both models offer battery life information at power-up and Auto-Off
for power management. Additional features are also displayed on the
large LCD to ensure precise measurements. The Buzzer and Auto-Off
features may be disabled from the push-buttons at any time.
The Model 3730 offers an Alarm function and a Memory (logging) function. In the Alarm mode, the probe will audibly and visually indicate if the
reading is beyond an input set point. The user may also have the Alarm
initiated above or below the set point. This Alarm feature permits quick
field checks where only “pass” or “fail” readings will suffice.
The Memory function logs up to 99 measurements (Ohms or Amperes).
This enables the user to conduct field surveys, and to retrieve and
analyze the readings at a later time. The alarm settings and stored
memory information are saved when the ground tester is turned off.
Product Construction
The Models 3710 and 3730 body cases are built of Lexan®for rugged
use. The probe heads are encapsulated in a double-walled Lexan®shell
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
5
for extra strength and are reinforced at the body interfaces for enhanced
field reliability. Overall construction and mechanical design ratings such
as drop test, shock and vibration, weatherproofing against water
projections or dust, meet or exceed IEC (International Electrotechnical
Commission) standards. The products have also been designed to
meet IEC 1010, UL 1244, CSA and GS safety approvals .
Jaw Design
The probe head, or jaw, is a key component in the measurement and
overall product performance. Considerable research and development
were dedicated to ensuring its performance, reliability and versatility.
The large jaw has an inner opening diameter of 1.25" (32 mm) - double
its predecessor’s diameter - while retaining the same overall jaw
thickness, permitting use on tight ground conductors on poles and in
manholes. The large opening accommodates not only ground rods, but
larger ground conductors (up to 1000 MCM) typically found in telecommunication or railroad applications.
The inner jaw is composed of two independent and individually shielded
magnetic cores permitting the injection of a test signal and accurate
return signal measurement without noise interference or cross talk
common to separate probe instruments.
Thorough mechanical design, including small winglets, ensures repetitive
jaw alignment for accuracy and prevents undesirable insertions into the
jaw spring assembly.
Body Design
The ergonomic body design permits one-handed operation. The guard
provides additional strength, and prevents the hand from slipping or
coming into contact with conductors under test. The Lexan®body construction provides strength. The LCD lens cover may be easily replaced
if scratched. The sealed push-buttons directly access all test functions
and are easily operated even with gloved hands.
Lexan®is a registered trademark of General Electric Corporation.
6
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Electrical Specifications
Ground Resistance
Measurement Range
Autoranging
1.0 to 1200 Ω
Range
1.0 to 50.0 Ω
50.0 to 100.0 Ω
100 to 200 Ω
200 to 400 Ω
400 to 600 Ω
600 to 1200 Ω
Ground or Leakage Current
Autoranging
1 mA to 30.00 A rms
* Reference conditions: 23°C ± 3K, 50% RH ± 10%, battery at 8 V ± 0.2V,
external magnetic field < 40 A/m, external electrical field < 1 V/m, conductor
centered, loop resistance noninductive. Accuracy % of reading.
1 to 300 mA
0.300 A to 3.000 A
3.00 A to 30.00 A
Resistance Measurement Frequency: 1689 Hz
Resistance Overload: OL displayed above 1200 Ω
Current Measurement Frequency: 47 to 800 Hz
Current Overload: OL displayed above 30 A rms
Resolution
0.1 Ω
0.5 Ω
1 Ω
5 Ω
10 Ω
50 Ω
1 mA
0.001 A
0.01 A
Accuracy*
± (1.5% + 0.1 Ω)
± (2.0% + 0.5 Ω)
± (3.0% + 1 Ω)
± (6.0% + 5 Ω)
± (10% + 10 Ω)
Approx. 25%
± (2.5% + 2 mA)
± (2.5% + 2 mA)
± (2.5% + 20 mA)
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions: 9.25 x 3.94 x 2.17" (235 x 100 x 55 mm)
Weight: 2.2 lbs. (1 kg)
Case Material: Lexan®920A (UL94V2)
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
7
Jaw Cover Material:
Lexan®500R with 10% fiberglass charge (UL94V0)
LCD Cover Material: Lexan®920A (UL94V1)
Color: Gray body, red jaws
Jaw Window Diameter: 1.25” (32 mm)
Jaw Opening: 1.38” (35 mm)
Operating Temperature: -10 ° to 55 °C
Operating Humidity: 0 to 90% RH @ -10 ° to 40 °C, 75% RH @ 55 °C
Storage Temperature: -40 ° to 70 °C
Power Supply: 9 V alkaline (IEC 6LF22 or NEDA 1604A)
Battery Life:
typical: 8 hours or approximately 1000 measurements of 30 seconds
LCD: 3-3/4 digit, 1.73 x 1.10” (44 x 28 mm)
US Design Patent: #362,639
SAFETY SPECIFICATIONS
UL, CSA approvals pending
IEC 1010-1 Double Insulation
Environmental: IP30, IEC 359 Group III
Vibration Test: IEC 68-2-6
Shock Test: IEC 68-2-27
Drop Test (1m): IEC 68-2-32
Dielectric Test: 2500 V AC
Working Voltage: 150 V, Cat. III - Pollution Degree 2
300 V, Cat. III - Pollution Degree 1
Max A Overload: 100 A continuous, 200 A (< 5s) 50/60 Hz
OL displayed above 30 A rms
Calibration Cycle: Calibration once a year is recommended
8
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Model 3710 Controls
HOLD
+
—
m
A
R
1
HOLD
MEM
MR
NOISE
Model 3710
GROUN D TES TER
AEMC
IN S T R U ME N T S
A Ω
ON
OFF
1
2
3
4
7
56
1. Head Assembly: Consists of
two individually shielded
magnetic cores
2. Hold: Freezes last measured
value on the display
3. Display: 3000 count LCD,
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
function indicators
4. ON/OFF: Power ON or OFF,
activates display self-test at
power-up
5. Ω: Resistance measurement
6. A: Current measurement
7. Lever: Opens or closes jaws
9
Model 3730 Controls
HOLD
+
—
m
A
R
1
HOLD
MEM
MR
NOISE
Model 3730
GROUN D TES TER
AEMC
IN S T R UM E N T S
MEM AL A Ω
ON
OFF
1
2
3
49
7
568
1. Head Assembly: Consists
of two individually shielded
magnetic cores
2. Hold: Freezes last measured value on the display
3. Display: 3000 count LCD,
function indicators
4. ON/OFF: Power ON or
OFF, activates display self
test at power-up
5. Ω: Resistance Measurement
Increment the Alarm set-
point, increment Memory
position in program mode
6. A: Current Measurement
Decrement the Alarm
setpoint, decrement the
Memory in program mode
7. Lever: Opens or closes jaws
8. AL: Activates/deactivates
the Alarm function, access
the value of the Alarm
setpoint in program mode
9. MEM: Stores the reading into memory, reads Memory Recall (MR)
values and clears the memory in recall mode
10
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Digital Display Features
mA, A
R
1
NOISE
HOLD
+
—
m
A
R
1
HOLD
MEM
MR
NOISE
Figure 3
Displayed when the beeper is active. To turn the beeper On/Off,
push ON & Ω together at power-up. The beeper is active when
displayed.
Displayed when the HOLD function is activated. This function
locks the present displayed value. During HOLD: A, Ω, and
Alarm functions are deactivated. The Memory function may still
be used.
Indicates that the jaws of the instrument are not properly
closed. The Open Jaw indication is present only in the Ω Mode.
Check for foreign matter in the jaw mating surface.
In the Ω function, this symbol indicates the presence of excessive stray noise in the ground electrode under test. This symbol
will be present if noise signals reach an amplitude of approx. 5
A or 50 V. Resistance measurement values are no longer valid.
The beeper is also activated.
Displayed when measured resistance is below 1 Ω. This may
indicate that grounding electrode you are clamped onto is
continuous with itself (the instrument is measuring a metallic
loop and not the ground electrode resistance). In this situation,
electrode resistance measurements may not be valid.
Current measurement mode.
Ground resistance measurement mode.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
11
Indicates the Auto-Off feature is deactivated and the instrument
MR
MEM
+
–
stays on permanently (until turned off by the user). With no
symbol displayed, after 5 minutes of non-use the instrument will
automatically shut itself off. The Auto-Off feature is turned
On/Off by pressing Hold at power-up.
Display flashes this symbol (1/second) during a low battery
condition. Measurements are still possible. When this symbol is
displayed continuously, measurements are no longer possible.
Battery replacement is necessary.
Indicates the approximate percentage of useful battery life
remaining (0-100%). This function is displayed only upon initial
power-up when the ON push-button is held down for more than
3 seconds.
The overload symbol will illuminate when the measurement
reading is beyond the limits of the instrument:
Resistance > 1200Ω
Current > 30.00 A rms
The beeper is activated in current overload.
Additional Features of the Model 3730
Indicates that an alarm set point is set in memory. Alarm set
points may be set from 1 to 199Ω.
Arrows indicate whether the measured value is above or below
alarm setpoint.
Memory function is activated. Ninety-nine (99) separate values
may be logged for either resistance (Ω), current (A) or a combination thereof. At the 99th value, display number will blink
indicating that memory is full.
Memory recall register. Displays the numbered value being
recalled from memory (1-99).
Note: Models 3710 and 3730 share the same LCD and display all
segments at power-up. Functions not available on the 3710 are
displayed at power-up.
12
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Function Controls
+
–
m
A
R
1
HOLD
MEM
MR
NOISE
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
+
–
m
A
R
1
HOLD
NOISE
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
Model 3710 and 3730 share common functions (On/Off, A, Ω, Auto-off,
Buzzer disable, Hold). Even though the Model 3710 is shown in the
examples for these functions, the controls will respond identically for the
Model 3730.
On/Off
The ON/OFF push-button, when pushed actuates power on or power off
with an audible control tone. Upon initial power-up, the instrument will
be in the Ohms function (Ω) and will go to OL until clamped on. When
the ON push-button is pushed and held down, after three seconds the
instrument will beep and provide a self test featuring a full function display (Fig. 4) followed by status indications for:
a. Status of remaining battery life (battery symbol blinks, 0-100%) (Fig. 5)
b. Number of stored values in memory (MEM blinks, 0-99) (Model 3730
only)
Release the ON/OFF push-button to initialize the instrument.
A light chirping sound may be heard in the Ω mode. This is a normal
condition generated by the instruments power management system.
Figure 4
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Figure 5
13
Auto-Off
HOLD
MR
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
MR
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
HOLD
A Ω
ON
OFF
HOLD
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
The instrument will shut off automatically after five minutes of non-use.
The instrument will issue a short beep 15 seconds prior to shutting
down and the LCD flashes once per
second. The Auto-Off may be disabled
by turning on the meter while holding
down the HOLD push-button. The
indicator will appear on the display to
indicate the Auto-Off feature has been
disabled. (Fig. 6)
Hold
The HOLD push-button freezes the
last measured value onto the display.
Figure 6
When the HOLD function is enabled,
is displayed on the LCD. (Fig. 7)
When the HOLD function is enabled, other control functions are disabled (except the memory function).
To exit HOLD, press the HOLD
push-button and normal operation
is resumed.
Note: When HOLD is pressed during power-up, the auto-off feature
is disabled and is displayed
on the LCD. See Auto-Off.
Figure 7
Beeper Disable
To disable the beeper, press the ON
and Ω together at power-up. The
indicator will disappear from the LCD.
(Fig. 8)
14
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Figure 8
Resistance
R
1
HOLD
MR
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
R
1
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
MR
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
The Ωfunction provides resistance measurements from 1.0 to 1200Ω in
six autoranges. (Fig. 9)
Range Resolution
1.0 to 50.0 Ω 0.1 Ω
50.0 to 100.0 Ω 0.5 Ω
100 to 200 Ω 1 Ω
200 to 400 Ω 5 Ω
400 to 600 Ω 10 Ω
600 to 1200 Ω 50 Ω
Figure 9
Upon initial power-on, the Ω function is chosen by default.
The Models 3710 and 3730 will track
down to 0.7 Ω and indicate below
1 Ω (Fig. 10). Below 0.7 Ω the display
stays locked on 0.7 Ω. Accuracy is not
defined below 1 Ω. Measurements
below 1 Ω typically indicate the ground
tester is clamped onto a closed loop
and that the signal is not flowing
through the ground under test.
Figure 10
If the resistance readings are above
1200 Ω, OL will be displayed on the LCD
(Fig. 11). This may indicate high ground
resistance but may also be caused by a
disconnected or poorly bonded ground.
Figure 11
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
15
Current
m
A
HOLD
MR
Model 3710
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
A Ω
ON
OFF
Press A to enter the current function. True RMS current measurements
are possible up to 30.00 A.(Fig. 12)
Above 30 Arms, OL will be displayed and the test must be discontinued.
The beeper is also activated during OL.
Range Resolution
1 to 300 mA 1 mA
0.300 to 3.000 A 0.001 A (1 mA)
3.00 A to 30.00 A 0.01 A (10 mA)
Figure 12
16
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Alarm
Model 3730
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
MEM AL A Ω
ON
OFF
Model 3730
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
MEM AL A Ω
ON
OFF
Turn the Alarm on/off by pressing the
AL button. The alarm feature provides a continuous audible warning
(when beeper is active) and visual
indications when a setpoint has been
reached (Fig. 13, 14) (e.g. alarm indication when ground electrode resistance is above the NEC limit of 25 Ω.)
If the alarm is not triggered, only
will be displayed indicating that the
alarm is active.
Figure 13
Programming the Alarm Setpoint
To program the alarm setpoint, push ON and AL together at power-up.
The alarm setpoint value will blink. To program the proper setpoint value
(1 to 199 Ω), use the curser arrows
( down, up).
When the setpoint is reached, turn
the instrument off. This will put the
setpoint into memory. Turn the
instrument back on (you may need
to press AL to activate the alarm feature).
Note: The alarm setpoint is preset at
Figure 14
25 Ω. The alarm will be triggered
when the setpoint is
exceeded
.
The user has the option of having the alarm triggered when a reading is
below
the programmed setpoint. This is accomplished with an internal
switch and outlined in the following section.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
17
Changing the Alarm Trigger
The Model 3730 alarm may be set to trigger above or below a setpoint.
Follow the procedure below for setting the alarm trigger.
1. The instrument must be OFF and disconnected from any
conductor.
2. Place the meter face down and remove the two phillips screws on
the back of the instrument.
3. Remove the back cover by
pulling down and away
from the instrument.
4. To set the alarm to trigger
above a setpoint, slide the
alarm setpoint switch to
the right. To set the alarm
to trigger below a setpoint,
slide the alarm setpoint
switch to the left.
5. Replace the back cover
while ensuring that it slips
beneath the hold-down lip
and fits securely into position. Use caution not to
pinch the battery leads.
6. Install and tighten screws.
18
Alarm Setpoint Switch
Right - Alarm above the setpoint
Left - Alarm below the setpoint
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Battery
Compartment
Figure 15
Memory
MEM
Model 3730
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
MEM AL A Ω
ON
OFF
MR
Model 3730
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
MEM AL A Ω
ON
OFF
To activate the Memory feature, press
the A and ON buttons together at powerup (Fig. 16). MEM will be displayed.
The Memory feature allows the user to
log into memory 1 to 99 measured values
(including OL). Measured values can
now be logged for both resistance (Ω)
and amps (A) by pushing the MEM button
during measurement and during “HOLD”.
Figure 16
A long beep indicates the measurement
was stored. After the 99th value is entered (MEM 99) will blink indicating
memory is now full. Measurements may still be made but no longer
logged. Stored values are retained when the instrument is turned off.
Pressing the A and ON buttons again at power-up will de-activate the
Memory feature.
Memory Recall
To recall memory values, push ON and
MEM together at power-up. MR will be displayed with the memory number (Fig. 17).
Memorized value will be displayed. To
select stored values use the cursor arrows
( down, up). For rapid access of
memory recall values, press the cursor
push-button continuously.
Turn the instrument off to exit the Memory
Figure 17
Recall mode.
Clear Memory
To clear the memory, push ON & MEM together at power-up and hold
them down. After a three second interval the “clear” message will be
displayed (Fig. 18) along with four repetitive beeps and a fifth long tone.
The memory is now cleared (Fig. 19).
Once cleared, releasing the ON & MEM buttons returns the instrument
to Resistance measurement mode.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
19
MEM
Model 3730
GROUND TESTER
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
MEM AL A Ω
ON
OFF
Model 3730
AEMC
INSTRUMENTS
GROUND TESTER
MEM AL A Ω
OFF
ON
Figure 18
Figure 19
Function Access Summary
Push Button(s) Function Setting
Function Used Saved @ Power Down
On/Off ON/OFF
Ω Function Ω Default Setting
A Function A No
Alarm Function (Ω) AL Yes
Display Hold HOLD No
Auto-Off On/Off ON + HOLD No
Beeper On/Off ON + Ω No (3710), Yes (3730)
Programming Summary
Push Buttons Function Setting
Function Used Saved @ Power Down
Memory On/Off ON + A Yes
Memory Recall (MR) ON + MEM (< 2 sec) No
Clear Memory ON + MEM (> 6 sec) No
Program Alarm ON + AL No
Setpoint
20
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Principle of Operation
Rx »
1
Σ
n
i=1
1
Ri
V
I
= Rx +
1
Σ
n
i=1
1
Ri
Typically grounded distribution system may be simulated by the basic
circuit shown in Fig. 20 or an equivalent circuit, shown in Fig. 21. If voltage (V) is applied to any measured grounding electrode Rx through a
special transformer, current (I) flows through the circuit, thereby
establishing the following equation:
where, usually
Therefore, V/I = Rx is established. If I is detected and measured with V
kept constant, the measured grounding electrode resistance Rx can be
obtained. A signal is fed to a special transformer via a power amplifier
from a 1.689 kHz constant voltage oscillator. The resulting current is
then sensed by a detection CT. An active filter is used to dampen earth
current at commercial frequency and high-frequency noise.
Example: If we clamp around any grounding electrode in a multi-grounded
system, the measured value of the electrode under test will be the resistance of that particular rod in series with the equivalent parallel resistance
value that the rest of the multi-grounded system represents. If we had an
electrical system that had 101 grounding electrodes and each had a
resistance value of 25 Ω, and we were to clamp around any electrode in
the system, the measured value would be 25 Ω in series with the equivalent parallel resistance or 0.25 Ω. The displayed value would be 25.2 Ω
(instrument resolution to 0.1 Ω).
V/I = 25 Ω + 0.25 Ω
Rx = 25.2 Ω
In most field applications, the number of electrodes that make up a
multi-grounded system would be higher, therefore the equivalent
parallel resistance is negligible with respect to the rod under test.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
21
I
V
Rx R1 R2 Rn-1 Rn
Rx R1 RnRn-1
RX
R1
R2
Figure 20
Rn-1
Rn
RX
22
R1
Figure 21
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Rn-1
Rn
Field Applications
Grounding
conductor
Ground level
Ground
rod
Butt plate
Utility
pole
Pole Ground Rods
Remove any molding covering the ground conductor, and provide sufficient room for the jaws of the clamp-on. The jaws must be able to close
easily around the conductor. The jaws can be placed around the ground
rod itself.
Note: The instrument must be placed so that the jaws close around an
electrical path from the system neutral or ground wire to the ground rod
or rods as the circuit provides.
Select the current range “A.” Clamp onto the ground conductor and measure the ground current. The maximum range is 30.00 A Trms. However,
if the ground current exceeds 5 A or noise exceeds 50 V, ground resistance measurements are not possible.
measurement.
Remove the instrument from the circuit noting the location
for maintenance and continue to the next test location.
After noting the ground current, select the ground resistance range (Ω)
and measure the resistance directly. The reading you measure with the
clamp-on tester indicates not just the resistance of the rod, but of the
connection to the system neutral and all bonding connections between
the neutral and the rod.
Note that in Fig. 22 there
is both a butt plate and a
ground rod. In this type
of circuit, it is necessary
to place the instrument
above the bond so that
both grounds are included in the test. For future
reference, note the date,
ohms reading, current
reading and pole number.
Replace any molding you
may have removed from
the conductor.
Figure 22
Do not proceed further with the
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
23
Note: A high reading or OL indicates one or more of the following:
Service box
Service meter
Pole-mounted
transformer
Building wall
Ground
rods
Ground level
Water pipe
Service box
Service meter
Pole-mounted
transformer
Building wall
A. Poor ground rod
B. Open ground conductor
C. High resistance bonds on the rod or splices on the conductor;
watch for buried split butts, clamps, and hammer-on connections.
Service Entrance or Meter
Follow the same procedure as for Pole Ground Rods. Notice that
Fig. 24 shows multiple ground rods and in Fig. 23 the ground rods have
been replaced with a water
pipe ground. You may also
have both types acting as a
ground. In these cases, it is
necessary to make the mea-
Ground
Level
Building Wall
Pole-mounted
Transformer
Service Meter
Service
Box
surements between the service neutral and both
grounded points.
Figure 23
24
Ground
Rods
Building Wall
Pole-mounted
Transformer
Service Meter
Figure 24
Service
Box
Water Pipe
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Pad Mounted Transformer
R
1
Ground rod(s)
Enclosure
Underground service
Concentric
Neutral
Service
Buss
Open Door
Open Door
Ground
rods
Enclosure
Underground service
Observe all safety requirements — High voltage may be present!
Locate and number all rods (usually only a single rod is present). If the
ground rods are inside the enclosure, refer to Fig. 25 and if they are
outside the enclosure, refer to Fig. 26. If a single rod is found within
the enclosure, the
measurement should
be taken on the conductor just before the
bond on the ground
rod. Often, more than
one ground conductor
is tied to this clamp,
looping back to the
enclosure or neutral.
In many cases, the
best reading can be
obtained by clamping the instrument onto the ground rod itself, below
the point when the ground conductors are attached to the rod, so that
you are measuring the ground circuit. Care must be taken to find the
conductor with only one return path to the neutral.
Generally 0.7 Ω indicates that you are on a closed loop. In
Fig. 26, the ground rod is located outside the enclosure. Clamp at the
indicated measuring
point to obtain the correct reading. If more
than one rod exists at
different corners of the
enclosure, it is necessary to determine how
they are connected to
properly measure the
ground resistance.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Underground
Service
Enclosure
Figure 25
Figure 26
Ground
Rods
25
Transmission Towers
Ground Rod
Support
Concrete
Pad
Observe all safety requirements — Dangerously high voltage may be
present!
Locate the ground conductor at the base of the tower. Many different
configurations exist. Care should be taken when searching for the
ground conductor. Fig. 27 shows a single leg mounted on a concrete
pad with an external ground conductor. The point at which you clamp
the instrument should be above all splices and connections which allow
for multiple rods, butt
wraps, or butt plates.
Note: Current flowing
to ground may be high.
Central Office
Locations
The main ground conductor from a ground
window or a ground
plane is usually the
location to clamp the
Support
Concrete Pad
tester. Due to the
wiring practices within
the central office,
Ground Rod
Figure 27
there are many locations at which you can look at the water pipe or counterpoise from within the building. An effective location is usually at the ground buss in the
power room, or near the backup generator.
By measuring current and resistance at several points and comparing
the readings, you will be able to identify neutral loops, utility grounds
and central office grounds. The test is effective and accurate when the
ground window is connected to the utility ground at only one point.
26
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Service Panel
GROUND BUS
NEUTRAL BUS
SERVICE
PANEL
PHONE
CATV
GROUND
ELECTRODE
A B NEUTRAL
ELECTRIC
UTILITY
240 VAC
Bare
WH
BK
120 VAC
If we clamp-on the grounding electrode conductor in Fig. 28, the multigrounded system required to complete the circuit may be from different
sources. These sources may include the following: Electric Neutral,
Phone, CATV, and Water.
The Electric Utility Neutral should be the principle conductor of the lowimpedance signal return path required to test the resistance of this ground
electrode with the Model 3710/3730. This can be verified by removing
other ground connections, noting if any changes appear in the readings.
If by removing one of these signal return paths a much higher reading is
noted, it could mean that the primary signal return path (the Electric
Neutral) is defective
or open.
Note: For safety
reasons do not remove any ground
source without first
de-energizing the
service panel.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Figure 28
27
Phone Pedestal
Provide sufficient room for the Model 3710/3730 jaws, which must be
able to close easily around the conductor (Fig. 29). The jaws can be
placed around the ground rod itself.
Note: If not enough room is available for this task refer to Fig. 30 and
continue with this example. The clamp must be placed so that the jaws
are in an electrical path from the sheath bond(s) or ground bar to the
ground rod(s) as the circuit provides.
Select the current range “A.” Clamp onto the ground conductor and
measure the ground current. The maximum current range is 30 Amps.
If the ground current exceeds 5 Amps, ground resistance measurements are not possible. Do not proceed further with the measurement.
Remove the clamp-on tester from the circuit, noting the location for
maintenance, and continue to the next test location.
After noting the ground current, select the ground resistance range “Ω”
and measure the resistance directly. The reading you measure with the
3710/3730 indicates the resistance of not just the rod, but also the connection to the sheath ground and all bonding connections between the
sheath bond and the rod.
A high reading indicates one or more of the following:
A. Poor ground rod
B. Open ground conductor
C. High resistance bonds on the rod or splices on the conductor. Also
look for bad connections on the ground bar to the sheath(s).
Note: This same test can be done using the TIP instead of the sheath
ground. However keep in mind that this is intended to be grounded only
back at the central office.
28
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Above Telephone Space
Ground level
Sheath Connection
Ground
rod
Phone
Pedestal
Ground Bar
Ground level
Sheath Connection
Ground
rod
Phone
Pedestal
Ground Bar
1. Remove ground bar
connection to pedestal rod
2. Extend pedestal rod
lead to the ground
bar using a
temporary jumper
Select the current range “A.” Clamp onto the ground wire and measure
the current (Fig. 31). The maximum current range is 30 Amps. If the
ground current exceeds 5 Amps, resistance measurements are not
possible. Do not proceed further with the measurement. Remove the
clamp-on tester from the circuit, noting the location for attention, and
continue to the next test location.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Figure 30
Figure 29
29
After noting the current, select the ground resistance range “Ω” and
R
1
R
1
Staples
Ground wire doubled
under ground clamp
measure the resistance directly. The reading you measure with the
3710/3730 indicates the bonding connections between the Telephone
ground and the Power company ground. One of the following two
scenarios should be observed:
A. If “OL” or a high resistance reading is displayed this would indicate
no bond has been established or a poor connection exists between
the Telephone and Power grounds.
B. If and/or a very low reading is displayed then the bond between
these two grounds has been verified.
General Measurement Notes
A reading of OL is most likely a cable which is not connected to the
ground at both ends. It may be there is no ground rod at all, or that there
is no path back to the system neutral.
A reading which is 0.7 Ω generally indicates that the cable where
you are clamped is continuous with itself. You may have located a ground
loop, which can usually be confirmed by comparatively high current
readings also obtained when readings are taken at multiple locations. A
good low resistance ground may also have very high AC current flowing,
depending upon the type of equipment being grounded.
30
Figure 31
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Operating Reference Card
AEMC
I N S T R U M E N T S
Clamp-on Ground
Resistance Tester
Model 3710/3730
Operating Reference
!
ON/OFF
Ω
A
HOLD
Ω
HOLDONON
+
+
ON/OFF
Measure
ground resistance [Ω]
Measure AC current [mA, A]
Freeze (hold) the display
Toggle the buzzer [ ] on/off
Toggle auto power on/off
A ON
+
Toggle memory display on/off
AL
MEM
MEM
ON
ON
ON
+
+
+
AL
Turn alarm [ AL ] on/off
MEM
Store the reading in memory
Program alarm mode.
Use to adjust
Short beep:
On/off memory recall [MR]
Long beep (6s):
Clear memory [CLR]
Up
Model 3730
Additional Features
Down
Included with the Model 3710 and 3730 you will find an operating reference card like the one shown here.
This card summarizes all the features of the Model 3710 and 3730.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Figure 32
31
Calibration Check Loop
®
INST R U M E N T S
CALIBRATION LOOP 25Ω
The multiple calibration loop is now replaced by a single point 25 Ω loop
(Fig. 33). It is provided to perform a quick check of the instruments.
Check the clamp-on ground resistance tester by clamping around the
loop; the 3710 or 3730 should read between 24.2 Ω and 25.8 Ω.
* Value is for ambient temperature between 68° and 78°F. Value may differ a
few counts under or above this temperature.
32
Figure 33
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Commonly Asked Questions for Clamp-on Ground Resistance Measurements
Q. Can the Clamp-on method be used effectively on high tension towers despite the distance or spacing between them?
A. Yes. Extended distances will not adversely effect the measurement
results. The important factor is that it be a multiple electrode system.
Q. Does the grounding electrode have to be disconnected and isolated as
is required when using the “Fall-Of-Potential” test with auxiliary electrodes?
A. No. Actually the electrode must be connected to the system to provide
the path for test signal injection as well as to provide the background
impedance necessary as the reference. Additionally, if the tested rod is
poorly bonded to the ground connector, a high reading will be present.
Q. Does this mean I am not able to test an independent electrode?
A. No, however as soon as the connection is made to a multiple electrode system, usually provided by the connection to the system neutral,
you can clamp on and make a measurement.
Q. Must the instrument be clamped directly on the electrode?
A. No, the instrument will provide valid measurement results when
clamped on to the electrode or the conductor leading to the grounding
electrode. The reading through the conductor will also verify not only the
grounding electrode resistance, but connections of the ground wire to
the rest of the system.
Q. Does the system under test have to be energized or de-energized to
perform the test?
A We are measuring the grounding network. The only requirements are
that ground connections be made to the system under test and that the
voltage-to-ground at the tested point not exceed the instrument rating.
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
33
Q. Can the clamp-on method be used for substation grid resistance
testing?
A. It depends. It can be used as long as the instrument can be clamped
onto a point on the grounding system at a common point where it ties
to the system neutral. Testing a grid must be treated as if it were a
single electrode. Often, clamping on to points within the grid system will
yield a closed loop reading.
Q. How does clamp-on ground testing compare with the standard
“Fall-Of-Potential” test?
A. Empirical testing has validated that when performed correctly, both
methods will provide accurate and repeatable readings for ground electrode resistance.
Q. How large a conductor can the jaw accommodate?
A. The inner diameter of the jaw is 1.25" and can accommodate cables
up to 1000 MCM.
Battery Replacement Procedure
The Clamp-On Ground Resistance Testers are powered by a single 9
volt battery. The battery replacement indicator will display continuously
when battery replacement is required.
Recommended replacement type is Alkaline (IEC 6LF22, 6LR61 or
NEDA 1604A). Ni-Cad batteries may also be used. To change the battery refer to figure 15, page 17 and follow this procedure.
1. The instrument must be OFF and disconnected from any conductor.
2. Place the meter face down and remove the two Phillips screws on
the back of the instrument.
3. Remove back cover by pulling it down and away from the instrument.
4. Lift the battery away from the case and disconnect the battery.
5. Connect the new battery and position the leads so that they won’t get
pinched when the cover is replaced.
34
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
6. Replace the back cover noting that it slips beneath the hold down lip
and fits securely into position.
7. Install and tighten screws.
Typical battery life is approximately 8 hours of use or about 1000 separate
30-second measurements.
Troubleshooting
Symptom Indication/
Instrument will not turn ON Low Battery
Recommended Action
Replacement required
Continuous audible tone Alarm setpoint tripped
Deactivate Alarm or
Change Setpoint Trigger mode
Display is erratic Foreign matter in jaws
Clean jaw mating surfaces
Function controls inoperative Hold button on
Turn HOLD off
Light pulsing audible beep Normal operation
Battery power management feature
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
35
Repair and Calibration
To guarantee that your instrument complies with the factory specifications, we recommend that the Models 3710 & 3730 be submitted to our
factory service center at one-year intervals for recalibration, or as
required by other standards.
For instrument repair and/or calibration, please call our factory, toll-free,
at (800) 945-AEMC (800-945-2362):
CHAUVIN ARNOUX, Inc.
d.b.a. AEMC®Instruments
15 Faraday Drive
Dover, NH 03820 USA
Tel: (800) 954-2362
(603) 749-6434
Fax: (603) 742-2346
(Or contact your authorized distributor.)
Estimates for repairs, normal recalibration, and calibration traceable to
N.I.S.T. are available upon request. Overseas customers must receive
written authorization before returning any instrument.
Technical and Sales Assistance
If you are experiencing any technical problems, or require any assistance with the proper use or application of this instrument, please call
our technical hotline:
CHAUVIN ARNOUX, Inc.
d.b.a. AEMC® Instruments
200 Foxborough Blvd.
Foxborough, MA 02035 USA
Tel: (800) 343-1391
(508) 698-2115
Fax: (508) 698-2118
www.aemc.com
36
Ground Resistance Tester Models 3710/3730
Limited Warranty
These Ground Resistance Testers Models 3710 & 3730 are warrantied
to the owner for a period of 1 year from the date of original purchase
against defects in manufacture. This limited warranty is given by
AEMC®Instruments, not by the distributor from whom it was purchased.
This warranty is void if the Ground Resistance Testers Models 3710 &
3730 have been tampered with, abused, or if the defect is related to service not performed by AEMC®Instruments.
What AEMC®Instruments Will Do:
year period, you may return the Ground Resistance Testers Models
3710 & 3730 to us for repair or replacement free of charge, provided we
have your REGISTRATION CARD on file. AEMC®Instruments will, at
its option, repair or replace the faulty material.
Note: If a card is not on file, we will require a dated proof of purchase
as well as your REGISTRATION CARD accompanied by the defective
material.
What You Must Do:
from AEMC®Instruments, then return the Ground Resistance Testers
Models 3710 & 3730, indicating place and date of purchase, with a written explanation of the reason for return. Return material, postage prepaid to:
Chauvin Arnoux, Inc.
d.b.a. AEMC®Instruments
Service Department
15 Faraday Drive
Dover, NH 03820 USA
Tel: (800) 945-2362
Fax: (603) 742-2346
Caution: To protect against in-transit loss, we recommend that you
insure your returned material.
For full warranty coverage, please read the Warranty Card which is
affixed to the Warranty Registration Card. Please keep the Warranty
Card with your records.
First obtain a return authorization by phone or by fax
(603) 749-6434
If a malfunction occurs within the 1
Clamp-On
Ground Resistance Testers
Models 3710 and 3730
USER MANUAL
Chauvin Arnoux, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC® Instruments
99-MAN-100061 Rev 05 03/98
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