AEMC 8333 Operating Manual

3-PHASE POWER QUALITY

ANALYZER

8333

PowerPad® III

ENGLISH

IMPORTANT WARRANTY NOTE:

By registering online within 30 days from the date of

purchase, your warranty will be extended to 3 years

User Manual

No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into any other language) without prior agreement and written consent from Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc., as governed by United States and International copyright laws.

Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC® Instruments

15 Faraday Drive • Dover, NH 03820 USA Tel: (800) 945-2362 or (603) 749-6434 • Fax: (603) 742-2346

This documentation is provided “as is,” without warranty of any kind, express, implied, or otherwise. Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. has made every reasonable effort to ensure that this documentation is accurate; but does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the text, graphics, or other information contained in this documentation. Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. shall not be liable for any damages, special, indirect, incidental, or inconsequential; including (but

not limited to) physical, emotional or monetary damages due to lost revenues or lost prots that may result from the use of this documentation, whether

or not the user of the documentation has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc, AEMC®, DataView®, AmpFlex®, MiniFlex® and PowerPad® are registered trademarks of AEMC® Instruments.

Thank you for purchasing a PowerPad® III Model 8333

For best results from your instrument and for your safety, read the enclosed operating instructions carefully and comply with the

precautions for use. These products must be only used by qualied and trained users.

WARNING, risk of DANGER! The operator must refer to these instructions whenever this danger symbol appears.

CAUTION! Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may be dangerous.

Equipment is protected by double insulation. Kensington anti-theft system.

USB socket.

Ground/Earth.

Must not be applied to or removed from bare conductors carrying dangerous voltages. Type B

current sensor as per EN 61010-2-032.

Application or withdrawal authorized on conductors carrying dangerous voltages. Type A current sensor per IEC 61010-2-032.

Denition of Measurement Categories (CAT)

■ CAT IV Measurement category IV corresponds to measurements taken at the source of low-voltage installations.

Example: power feeders, counters and protection devices.

■ CAT III Measurement category III corresponds to measurements on building installations.

Example: distribution panel, circuit-breakers, machines or xed industrial devices.

Useful information or hint to read.

Important instructions to read and to fully understand.

The product has been declared recyclable after analysis of its life cycle in accordance with the ISO14040 standard.

The CE marking guarantees conformity with European directives and with regulations covering EMC.

The trash can with a line through it means that in the European Union, the product must undergo selective disposal for the recycling of electric and electronic material, in compliance with Directive WEEE 2002/96/EC.

■ CAT II Measurement category II corresponds to measurements taken on circuits directly connected to low-voltage installations.

Example: power supply to domestic electrical appliances and portable tools.

PRECAUTIONS FOR USE

This instrument is compliant with safety standard IEC 61010-2-030, the leads are compliant with IEC 61010-031, and the current sensors are compliant with IEC 61010-2-032, for voltages up to 600V in category IV or 1000V in category III. Failure to observe the safety instructions may result in electric shock, re, explosion, and destruction of the instrument and/or other equipment.

● The operator and/or the responsible authority must carefully read and clearly understand the various precautions for use of

the instrument. Sound knowledge and a keen awareness of electrical hazards are essential when using this instrument.

● If you use this instrument other than as specied, the protection it provides may be compromised, thereby endangering you.

● Do not use the instrument on networks which the voltage or category exceeds those mentioned.

● Do not use the instrument if it appears damaged or otherwise compromised.

● Before each use, check the condition of the insulation on the leads, housing, and accessories. Any item on which the

insulation is deteriorated (even partially) must be set aside for repair or scrapping.

● Before using your instrument, check that it is perfectly dry. If it is wet, it must be thoroughly dried before being connected or

being operated in any way. This includes the terminals and keypad.

● Use only the leads and accessories supplied. Using leads (or accessories) of a lower voltage or category reduces the voltage

or category of the combined instrument and leads (or accessories) to that of the leads (or accessories).

● Always use personal protection equipment.

● Keep your hands away from the terminals of the instrument.

● When handling the leads, test probes, and alligator clips, keep your ngers behind the physical guard.

● Use only the AC power cord and battery pack supplied by the manufacturer. They include specic safety features.

● Some current sensors must not be placed on or removed from bare conductors at hazardous voltages: refer to the manual

and comply with the handling instructions.

Your instrument is equipped with a NiMH battery. This technology offers several advantages:

● Long battery charge life for a limited volume and weight.

● Possibility of quickly recharging your battery.

● Signicantly reduced memory effect: you can recharge your battery even if it is not fully discharged.

● Respect for the environment: no pollutant materials such as lead or cadmium, in compliance with the applicable

regulations.

After prolonged storage, the battery may be completely discharged. If so, it must be completely recharged. Your instrument may not function during part of this recharging operation. Full recharging of a completely discharged battery may take several hours.

NOTE: In this case, at least 5 charge/discharge cycles will be necessary for your battery to recover 95% of its capacity.

To make the best possible use of your battery and extend its effective service life:

● Only use the charger supplied with your instrument. Use of another charger may be dangerous.

● Only charge your instrument at temperatures between 0° and 40°C.

● Comply with the conditions of use dened in the operating manual.

● Comply with the storage conditions specied in the operating manual.

NiMH technology allows a limited number of charge/discharge cycles depending signicantly on:

● The conditions of use.

● The charging conditions.

Do not dispose of the battery pack with other solid waste. Used batteries must be entrusted to a qualied

recycling company or to a company specialized in processing hazardous materials.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BEFORE YOU BEGIN ..................................................................................................................................... 6

1.1 RECEIVING YOUR SHIPMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 6

1.2 ORDERING INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2.1 ACCESSORIES ............................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2.2 REPLACEMENT PARTS ................................................................................................................................................. 6

1.3 INSTALLING THE BATTERY ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.4 CHARGING THE BATTERY ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

1.5 SETTING THE LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

2. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 8

2.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8

2.2 MEASUREMENTS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.3 DISPLAY ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.4 CONFIGURATION ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.5 OVERALL VIEW ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10

2.6 ON/OFF BUTTON ......................................................................................................................................................................11

2.7 DISPLAY .....................................................................................................................................................................................11

2.8 CONNECTION TERMINALS ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

2.9 POWER SUPPLY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13

2.10 STAND ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

3. USE ................................................................................................................................................................ 14

3.1 START-UP ................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

3.2 CONFIGURATION (SET-UP MODE) ......................................................................................................................................... 14

3.3 INSTALLATION OF THE LEADS AND CURRENT SENSORS ................................................................................................. 14

3.3.1 CONNECTION PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................................... 15

3.3.2 DISCONNECTION PROCEDURE ................................................................................................................................ 15

3.4 FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 16

4. CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................................ 17

4.1 CONFIGURATION (SET-UP MENU) ......................................................................................................................................... 17

4.1.1 DATE/TIME .................................................................................................................................................................... 18

4.1.2 DISPLAY ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19

4.1.2.1 BRIGHTNESS....................................................................................................................................................... 19

4.1.2.2 COLORS ............................................................................................................................................................... 19

4.1.2.3 DISPLAY SHUTDOWN ......................................................................................................................................... 20

4.1.2.4 BACKGROUND COLOR (NIGHT MODE) ............................................................................................................ 20

4.1.3 CALCULATION METHODS ........................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1.3.1 NON-ACTIVE QUANTITIES ................................................................................................................................. 21

4.1.3.2 K FACTOR ............................................................................................................................................................ 22

4.1.3.3 PHASE HARMONIC RATIOS ............................................................................................................................... 22

4.1.4 ELECTRICAL HOOK-UP ............................................................................................................................................... 23

4.1.5 PROBES AND RATIOS ................................................................................................................................................. 26

4.1.5.1 CURRENT PROBES ............................................................................................................................................ 26

4.1.5.2 VOLTAGE RATIOS ............................................................................................................................................... 27

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.6 CAPTURE MODE.......................................................................................................................................................... 28

4.1.6.1 TRANSIENT VOLTAGE THRESHOLDS ............................................................................................................... 28

4.1.6.2 TRANSIENT CURRENT THRESHOLDS .............................................................................................................. 29

4.1.6.3 TREND MODE ...................................................................................................................................................... 30

4.1.7 ALARM MODE CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................................................ 32

4.1.8 ERASING MEMORY ..................................................................................................................................................... 33

4.1.9 ABOUT .......................................................................................................................................................................... 34

5. DISPLAY MODES .......................................................................................................................................... 35

5.1 TRANSIENT MODE

5.1.1 PROGRAMMING AND STARTING A SEARCH ............................................................................................................ 35

5.1.2 DISPLAYING A TRANSIENT ......................................................................................................................................... 36

5.1.3 DELETING A TRANSIENTS SEARCH .......................................................................................................................... 38

5.1.4 DELETING A TRANSIENT ............................................................................................................................................ 38

5.2 HARMONICS MODE

5.2.1 PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE HARMONICS .......................................................................................................... 39

5.2.2 CURRENT ..................................................................................................................................................................... 41

5.2.3 APPARENT POWER ..................................................................................................................................................... 43

5.2.4 PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE ..................................................................................................................................... 44

5.2.5 EXPERT MODE ............................................................................................................................................................ 45

5.3 WAVEFORM MODE

5.3.1 RMS MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 47

5.3.1.1 RMS (3U) .............................................................................................................................................................. 48

5.3.1.2 RMS (3V) .............................................................................................................................................................. 48

5.3.1.3 RMS (4A) .............................................................................................................................................................. 49

5.3.1.4 RMS (L1)............................................................................................................................................................... 50

5.3.2 MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) .................................................................................. 50

5.3.2.1 THD (3U) ............................................................................................................................................................... 50

5.3.2.2 THD (3V) ............................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.3.2.3 THD (4A) ............................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.3.3 MEASUREMENT OF THE PEAK FACTOR (CF) .......................................................................................................... 52

5.3.3.1 CF (3U) ................................................................................................................................................................. 52

5.3.3.2 CF (3V) ................................................................................................................................................................. 53

5.3.3.3 CF (4A) ................................................................................................................................................................. 53

5.3.4 MEASUREMENT OF EXTREME AND MEAN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT VALUES

5.3.5 SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY

5.3.6 PHASOR DIAGRAM DISPLAY

5.4 ALARM MODE

5.4.1 ALARM MODE CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................................................ 58

5.4.2 PROGRAMMING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN .................................................................................................................... 58

5.4.3 STARTING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN .............................................................................................................................. 58

5.4.4 MANUALLY STOPPING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN ......................................................................................................... 59

5.4.5 DISPLAYING A LIST OF ALARM CAMPAIGNS ............................................................................................................ 59

5.4.6 LIST OF ALARMS ......................................................................................................................................................... 60

5.4.7 DELETING ALARM CAMPAIGNS ................................................................................................................................. 61

5.4.7.1 DELETING A SINGLE ALARM CAMPAIGN .......................................................................................................... 61

5.4.7.2 DELETING ALL ALARM CAMPAIGNS ................................................................................................................. 61

5.5 TREND MODE

5.5.1 PROGRAMMING AND STARTING A RECORDING ..................................................................................................... 61

................................................................................................................................................................... 35

................................................................................................................................................................. 39

.................................................................................................................................................................. 47

.............................. 54

...................................................................................................... 55

.................................................................................................. 56

........................................................................................................................................................................... 57

........................................................................................................................................................................... 61

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

5.5.2 VIEWING THE RECORDING LIST ............................................................................................................................... 62

5.5.3 DELETING RECORDINGS ........................................................................................................................................... 63

5.5.4 VIEWING RECORDS .................................................................................................................................................... 63

5.5.5 TREND GRAPHS .......................................................................................................................................................... 63

5.6 POWER AND ENERGY MODE ................................................................................................................................................. 71

5.6.1 3L FILTER...................................................................................................................................................................... 71

5.6.1.1 POWER ................................................................................................................................................................ 71

5.6.1.2 QUANTITIES ASSOCIATED WITH POWER ........................................................................................................ 72

5.6.1.3 ENERGY CONSUMED ......................................................................................................................................... 73

5.6.1.4 ENERGY GENERATED ........................................................................................................................................ 74

5.6.2 L1, L2, AND L3 FILTERS ............................................................................................................................................... 74

5.6.2.1 POWERS AND ASSOCIATED QUANTITIES ....................................................................................................... 74

5.6.2.2 ENERGY METERS ............................................................................................................................................... 75

5.6.3 Σ FILTER ....................................................................................................................................................................... 76

5.6.3.1 TOTAL POWERS AND ASSOCIATED QUANTITIES ........................................................................................... 76

5.6.4 TOTAL ENERGY METERS ........................................................................................................................................... 77

5.6.5 STARTING AND STOPPING ENERGY MEASUREMENTS ......................................................................................... 77

5.6.6 RESETTING THE ENERGY MEASUREMENT ............................................................................................................. 78

5.7 SCREEN SNAPSHOTS............................................................................................................................................................. 78

5.7.1 VIEWING A SNAPSHOT ............................................................................................................................................... 78

5.7.2 DELETING A SNAPSHOT ............................................................................................................................................. 79

5.8 HELP

......................................................................................................................................................................................... 79

6. DATAVIEW SOFTWARE ................................................................................................................................ 80

6.1 INSTALLING DATAVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................... 80

6.1.1 USB FLASH DRIVE INSTALL ....................................................................................................................................... 80

6.2 CONNECTING THE MODEL 8333 TO YOUR COMPUTER ..................................................................................................... 83

6.3 OPENING THE CONTROL PANEL ........................................................................................................................................... 83

6.4 CONFIGURING THE INSTRUMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 84

6.4.1 SETUP ........................................................................................................................................................................... 85

6.4.2 SENSORS AND RATIOS .............................................................................................................................................. 86

6.4.3 INSTRUMENT DISPLAY ............................................................................................................................................... 86

6.4.4 ALARM CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 87

6.4.5 RECORDINGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 88

6.4.6 TRANSIENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 89

6.5 SCHEDULE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 90

6.6 REAL-TIME DATA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 91

6.6.1 TREND .......................................................................................................................................................................... 91

6.6.2 WAVEFORM .................................................................................................................................................................. 91

6.6.3 HARMONICS................................................................................................................................................................. 92

6.6.4 POWER ........................................................................................................................................................................ 92

6.6.5 ENERGY ....................................................................................................................................................................... 93

6.7 DOWNLOADING DATA ............................................................................................................................................................. 93

6.7.1 RECORDINGS .............................................................................................................................................................. 94

6.7.2 SCREEN SNAPSHOTS ................................................................................................................................................ 94

6.7.3 ALARMS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 94

6.7.4 TRANSIENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 94

6.7.5 EDITING DOWNLOADED DATA ................................................................................................................................... 94

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

7. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................................. 96

7.1 CLEANING ................................................................................................................................................................................ 96

7.2 REPLACING THE BATTERY ..................................................................................................................................................... 96

7.3 UPDATING SOFTWARE & FIRMWARE ................................................................................................................................... 97

8. ICONS, BUTTON & SYMBOLS ..................................................................................................................... 98

8.1 FUNCTION BUTTON ICONS .................................................................................................................................................... 98

8.2 KEYPAD BUTTONS .................................................................................................................................................................. 99

8.2.1 FUNCTION BUTTONS (YELLOW BUTTONS) ........................................................................................................... 99

8.2.2 NAVIGATION BUTTONS ............................................................................................................................................... 99

8.2.3 MODE BUTTONS (VIOLET BUTTONS) ....................................................................................................................... 99

8.2.4 OTHER BUTTONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 100

8.3 ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................................... 100

9. SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 102

9.1 REFERENCE CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 102

9.2 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 103

9.2.1 VOLTAGE INPUTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 103

9.2.2 CURRENT INPUTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 103

9.2.3 BANDWIDTH ............................................................................................................................................................... 103

9.2.4 POWER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................................................................ 103

9.2.5 ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS (EXCLUDING CURRENT PROBES) ....................................................................... 104

9.2.6 CURRENT PROBE ACCURACY (TO BE ADDED TO THE MODEL 8333’S ACCURACY) .........................................113

9.2.7 CURRENT PROBES AND SENSORS .........................................................................................................................11 4

9.3 CLASS B UNDER STANDARD IEC 61000-4-30 .....................................................................................................................11 5

9.3.1 CONFORMITY OF THE DEVICE .................................................................................................................................115

9.3.2 ACCURACY AND MEASUREMENT RANGES ............................................................................................................116

9.3.3 REAL-TIME CLOCK ACCURACY ................................................................................................................................11 6

9.4 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................116

9.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................................................117

9.6 SAFETY SPECIFICATIONS .....................................................................................................................................................117

APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................................................... 118

A.1 HYSTERESIS...........................................................................................................................................................................118

A.1.1 SURGE DETECTION...................................................................................................................................................118

A.1.2 UNDERVOLTAGE OR BLACKOUT DETECTION .......................................................................................................118

A.1.3 MINIMUM SCALE VALUES FOR WAVEFORMS AND MINIMUM RMS VALUES ......................................................119

A.1.4 FOUR-QUADRANT DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................................................119

A.1.5 MECHANISM FOR TRIGGERING TRANSIENT SENSORS ..................................................................................... 120

A.1.6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ............................................................................................................................................. 121

REPAIR AND CALIBRATION .......................................................................................................................... 124

TECHNICAL AND SALES ASSISTANCE ....................................................................................................... 124

LIMITED WARRANTY ..................................................................................................................................... 125

WARRANTY REPAIRS .................................................................................................................................... 125

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

1. BEFORE YOU BEGIN

1.1 RECEIVING YOUR SHIPMENT

Make sure the contents shipped are consistent with the packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the

equipment appears damaged, le a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor at once. Save the damaged

packing container to substantiate your claim. Do not use equipment which is damaged or appears to be damaged.

1.2 ORDERING INFORMATION

PowerPad® III Model 8333 (No Probes) ........................................................................................................... Cat. #2136.10

PowerPad® III Model 8333 (w/3 A193-24-BK Sensors) .................................................................................... Cat. #2136.11

PowerPad® III Model 8333 (w/3 MN193-BK Probes) ....................................................................................... Cat. #2136.12

Includes extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, 5 ft USB cable, four 10 ft black voltage leads with alligator clips, twelve color-coded input ID markers, power adapter 110/230V with US power cord, 9.6V NiMH battery, SD-Card, quick start

guide, and a USB stick containing DataView® software and user manual.

Only the AmpFlex® sensors are rated 600V CAT IV and IP67. The MN probes are rated 300V CAT IV, 600V CAT III.

1.2.1 ACCESSORIES

10 ft USB Cable ................................................................................................................................................. Cat. #2136.80

AC/DC Current Probe Model SL261* ................................................................................................................ Cat. #1201.51

* Adapter - BNC Adapter (mandatory if using an SL261 w/ the 8333) ........................................................... Cat. #2140.40

AC Current Probe Model MR193-BK................................................................................................................. Cat. #2140.28

AC Current Probe Model MN93-BK................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.32

AC Current Probe Model SR193-BK ................................................................................................................. Cat. #2140.33

AmpFlex® Sensor 24" Model 193-24-BK ........................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.34

AmpFlex® Sensor 36" Model 193-36-BK ........................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.35

AC Current Probe Model MN193-BK ................................................................................................................ Cat. #2140.36

MiniFlex® Sensor 10" Model MA193-10-BK ...................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.48

AC/DC Current Probe Model J93-BK ................................................................................................................ Cat. #2140.49

1.2.2 REPLACEMENT PARTS

Extra Large Classic Tool Bag ............................................................................................................................Cat. #2133.73

Soft Carrying Pouch

Battery 9.6V NiMH

(5) Black 10 ft (3M) Leads with (5) Black Alligator Clips .................................................................................... Cat. #2140.43

(1) Black 10 ft (3M) Lead with (1) Black Alligator Clip .......................................................................................Cat. #2140.44

(Leads are rated 600V CAT IV 10A, Clips rated 1000V CAT IV 15A, UL)

Set of 12, Color-coded Input ID Markers

5 ft USB Cable

Power Adapter 110/230V with US Power Cord .................................................................................................Cat. #5000.19

.......................................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.15

............................................................................................................................................. Cat. #2140.19

........................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.45

................................................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.46

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

1.3 INSTALLING THE BATTERY

WARNING:

● For safety reasons, replace the battery only with the original replacement model (see § 1.2.2).

● Do not expose the battery to heat exceeding 212°F (100°C).

● Do not short-circuit the battery terminals.

● To eliminate all risk of electric shock, disconnect the power supply cord and measurement leads of the

instrument.

1. Turn the instrument over, raise the stand, and prop it up.

2. Use a coin to unscrew the two quarter-turn screws on the back of the housing.

3. Using a at screwdriver, remove the cover from the compartment.

4. Turn the instrument over and hold the battery as it slides out of its compartment.

5. Disconnect the battery connector without pulling on the wires.

6. Connect the new battery. The connector is error-proofed to prevent reversals of

polarity.

7. Place the battery in its compartment and arrange the wires so that they do not

protrude.

8. Put the battery compartment cover back in place and screw the two screws back in.

1.4 CHARGING THE BATTERY

Fully charge the battery before the rst use.

NOTE: A full recharge of a completely discharged battery takes approximately 5 hrs.

120V ± 10%, 60Hz 230V ± 10%, 50Hz

To recharge the battery:

■ Remove the cover of the battery charging connector.

■ Connect the supplied power cord to the instrument and AC

power.

■ The button lights and will go out when the power cord is

disconnected.

1.5 SETTING THE LANGUAGE

■ Before using the device, rst choose the language in which

you want the device to display its message.

■ Press the green button to switch the device on.

■ Press the Conguration

button.

■ Press the yellow button on the device corresponding to the

desired language.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 DESCRIPTION

The PowerPad® III Model 8333 is a 3-phase network analyzer with a color graphic display and built-in rechargeable battery. This instrument can be used to:

● Measure the RMS values, powers, and perturbations on electric distribution networks

● Deliver a snapshot of the principal characteristics of a 3-phase network

● Track the variations of various parameters over time

The measurement accuracy of the instrument is better than 1% (not counting the accuracy due to the current sensors). The instrument is also very exible, with a choice of sensors allowing measurements ranging from a few milliamperes (MN193) to several kiloamperes (AmpFlex®). The Model 8333 is compact and impact resistant; its ergonomics and

simple interface make it easy to use. The instrument is intended for technicians and engineers responsible for electrical installation and network inspection and maintenance.

2.2 MEASUREMENTS

The Model 8333 principal measurements are:

■ The RMS values of AC voltages up to 1000V between terminals. By using ratios, the instrument can measure voltages

up to hundreds of gigavolts.

■ The RMS values of AC currents up to 10,000 amperes (excluding neutral current). By using ratios, the instrument can

measure currents up to hundreds of kiloamperes.

■ The DC components of voltages and currents (excluding neutral current).

■ Minimum and maximum half-cycle RMS voltage and current values (excluding neutral current).

■ Peak voltage and current values (excluding neutral current).

■ The frequency of 50Hz and 60Hz networks.

■ Current and voltage peak factors (excluding neutral current).

■ Calculation of the harmonic loss factor (FHL), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.

■ Calculation of the K factor (KF), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.

■ Measurement of total harmonic distortion with respect to the fundamental (THD in %f) of the current and of the voltages

(excluding neutral current).

■ Measurement of the total harmonic distortion with respect to the RMS AC value (THD in %r) for the current and the

voltages (excluding neutral current).

■ Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent power, by phase and cumulative

(excluding neutral current).

■ Power factor (PF) and displacement factor (DPF or cos Φ (excluding neutral current).

■ Measurement of the RMS distortion value (d) for the current and the voltages (excluding neutral current).

■ Short-term voltage icker (PST) (excluding neutral current).

■ Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent energy (excluding neutral current).

■ Current and voltage harmonics (excluding neutral) up to order 50: RMS value, percentage referred to the fundamental,

(%f) (excluding neutral current), or the total RMS value (%r), minimum and maximum and sequence harmonics.

■ Apparent harmonic power up to order 50 (excluding neutral current): percentages referred to the fundamental apparent power (%f) or the total apparent power (%r), minimum and maximum of a rank.

■ Calculation of the rms neutral current from the currents measured on the phases of a three-phase system.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

2.3 DISPLAY

■ Waveforms (voltages and currents)

■ Frequency Bar Chart (voltages and currents - excluding neutral current)

■ Screen Captures (12 maximum)

■ Transients Function: Detection and recording of transients (up to 51) between user-dened start and stop dates

and times. Recording of four complete cycles (one before the triggering event and three after) on the six acquisition channels.

■ Trend Recording (data logging) Function: SD-card with date-stamping and user-dened start and stop dates for recording, with a maximum of 100 recording sessions. Display, in bar chart or graph form, of the means of many

parameters vs. time, with or without minima and maxima.

■ Alarm Function: List recorded alarms (up to 4662) exceeding thresholds dened in the conguration menu. User- dened alarm monitoring start and stop times.

2.4 CONFIGURATION

■ Date and time setting

■ Screen brightness setting

■ Graph colors

■ Display management

■ Night mode

■ Calculation methods (non-active quantities broken down or not, choice of the unit of energy, choice of the coefcients of calculation of the K factor, choice of reference for the level of harmonics

■ Distribution system (single-phase, 2-phase, 3-phase) and of the connection method (standard, 2-element method or

2½-element method)

■ Congure recording, alarms, and transients

■ Delete data (total or partial)

■ Display software and hardware version numbers

■ Language

■ Current sensors detected, not detected, not managed, simulated, or impossible to simulate (2-element connection method). Set voltage and current ratio, transduction ratios, and sensitivity

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

2.5 OVERALL VIEW

Figure 2-1

Over molded protective case.

Color TFT 320 X 240 (1/4 OFT) display with graphic representation of system parameters and measurements.

Six (6) function buttons used to modify the display mode.

Four (4) function buttons.

ON / OFF button.

Three (3) current input terminals on the top of the instrument to enable the use of current sensors (MN, SR,

AmpFlex®, MiniFlex®, MR, SL and J93 probes). It is possible to use different current probes per input voltage ratio selectable.

Four (4) voltage input terminals (voltage ratio can be set before recording).

7. USB optically isolated output for conguring, running tests and transferring data to a PC.

8. Input for external power supply and battery charging.

Enter button.

Four (4) buttons that enable movement of the cursor, browsing or the selection of data.

10.

Buttons for directly accessing the 6 display modes.

11.

NOTE: Refer to § 8 for function button descriptions.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

2.6 ON/OFF BUTTON

The Model 8333 can operate on either battery or on AC power. Pressing the button powers up the instrument. If the instrument is shut OFF suddenly (line power outage in the absence of the battery) or automatically (battery low), an information message is displayed when it is next started up.

Pressing the button again turns the instrument OFF. If the instrument is recording, metering energy, or searching for

transients and/or alarms, it requests conrmation.

Select YES or NO on the corresponding yellow buttons, then press the

button to conrm.

● If NO is selected, recording will continue.

● If YES is selected, the data recorded until that point are nalized and the instrument is turned OFF.

2.7 DISPLAY

The backlit 320x240-pixel (1/4 VGA) graphic TFT screen displays all measurements with their graphs, the parameters of

the unit, the graphs selected, the instantaneous values of the signals, and the type of measurement selected. When the instrument is powered up, it automatically displays the Waveform screen.

02/06/14

1. Top bar on the display, including:

● Symbol of the tested mode ( , , , etc.)

● Frequency of measured signal

● Memory capacity status bar (only available in certain modes)

● Current date and time

● Battery charge status (see § 2.9)

2. Measured RMS values associated with waveforms.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

Figure 2-2

Values of signals at an instant “t” at the intersection of cursor and the waveforms. The cursor can be moved along the time scale by pressing the

◄ and ► buttons

4. Measurement selection (refer to § 8).

Calculation of DPF, Tan, KF, Φ, UNB, Min, Max, VAR, Harmonics, PST, and DF parameters and the frequency measurement can only be performed if voltage or current with a frequency of 40 to 70Hz is applied to the Ch1 voltage

input or the A1 current input.

5. Selection of waveforms to be displayed (use the ▲ and ▼ buttons to select):

U: Signies phase-to-phase voltage V: Signies phase-to-neutral voltage A: Displays current for each phase L1, L2, L3: Refer to the phases (A,B,C)

The Auto Power Off function can be turned ON and OFF during instrument conguration (see § 4.1.2.3).

2.8 CONNECTION TERMINALS

N/D

L1/A L2/B L3/C 1000V CAT III 600V CAT IV

Figure 2-3

L1/A

L2/B

L3/C

1. Three (3) current input terminals on the top of the instrument to enable the use of current sensors (MN, SR, AmpFlex®,

MiniFlex®, MR, SL & J93 probes).

2. Four (4) voltage input terminals (measures 3 voltages).

3. Insertion locations for the current and voltage color-coded ID markers.

1. Theft-prevention access port, used to secure the instrument with padlock.

2. USB connector for connection to a PC.

3. Input for external AC power supply and battery charging.

Figure 2-4

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

2.9 POWER SUPPLY

The battery icon in the top right corner of the screen shows the battery level. The number of bars is proportional to the charge level.

Icon Battery Charge Status

Battery charged

Low battery

Battery charging

Red bar: Condition of the battery is unknown because it had never been fully charged.

The insturment is connected to AC power using the power cord.

When the capacity of the battery is too low, the following message is displayed:

Low battery

Instrument will soon turn OFF

Press to conrm. The instrument will turn OFF if you do not connect the PowerPad® to AC power (using the power cord) within one minute of this message appearing.

2.10 STAND

A retractable stand on the back of the Model 8333 can be used to hold the instrument in a tilted position.

Figure 2-5

1. Retractable stand.

2. Battery compartment.

NOTE: The SD card is located under the battery.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

3. USE

3.1 START-UP

To turn the Model 8333 ON, press the button. The button lights up when initially pressed; it then goes OFF if the power cord is not connected to AC power. During startup, several informational screens appear, displaying data such as the

rmware version and serial number of the instrument. When startup is complete, the Waveform screen is displayed.

02/06/14

Figure 3-1

3.2 CONFIGURATION (SET-UP MODE)

NOTE: The instrument must be congured before each use. The conguration is saved in memory when the instru- ment is turned OFF.

To display the Conguration screen, press the

NOTE: All congurations can also be modied through DataView® software.

button and follow the instructions in the Conguration chapter (see § 4).

3.3 INSTALLATION OF THE LEADS AND CURRENT SENSORS

Color-coded ID markers are supplied with the PowerPad® to identify the leads and input terminals.

● Detach the appropriate inserts from the color-coded marker and place them in the holes provided under the

terminals (larger inserts for current terminals, smaller inserts for voltage terminals).

● Clip the rings of the same color to the ends of the lead that will connect to the terminal.

Figure 3-2

● Connect the measurement leads to the terminals of the instrument (see § 2.8).

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

N/D

L1/A L2/B L3/C 1000V CAT III 600V CAT IV

Figure 3-3

L1/A

L2/B

L3/C

1. Three (3) current input terminals on the top of the instrument to enable the use of current sensors (MN, SR, AmpFlex®,

MiniFlex®, MR, SL & J93 probes).

2. Four (4) voltage input terminals (measures 3 voltages).

3. Insertion locations for the current and voltage color-coded ID markers.

NOTE: Remember to dene the transformation ratios of the current sensors and of the voltage inputs (see § 4.1.5).

To make a measurement, the following must be congured and programmed:

■ Calculation method (see § 4.1.3)

■ Electrical hook-up (see § 4.1.4)

■ Ratios of the sensors (see § 4.1.5)

3.3.1 CONNECTION PROCEDURE

1. Turn the instrument ON.

2. Congure the instrument for the measurement to be made and the type of network concerned (see § 4).

3. Connect the leads and current sensors to the unit.

4. Connect the ground and/or neutral lead to the network ground and/or neutral (when it is distributed) and connect the

corresponding current sensor.

5. Connect the L1 phase lead to the network L1 phase and connect the corresponding current sensor.

6. If applicable, repeat the procedure for phases L2 and L3.

NOTE: Complying with this procedure minimizes connection errors and saves time.

3.3.2 DISCONNECTION PROCEDURE

1. Proceed in the reverse of the order of connection, always nishing by disconnecting the neutral (when distributed).

2. Disconnect the leads and turn the instrument OFF.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

3.4 FUNCTIONS

Any screen can be saved (screen snapshot) by pressing the button for three seconds (see § 5.7). You can press the Help button at any time. The Help screen will inform you about the functions and the symbols used for the current

display mode.

Refer to § 5 for detailed information on the available display modes:

- Waveform Capture

- Harmonics

- Waveform Measurements

- Alarm Recording

- Recording (Trend Mode)

- Power and Energy Measurements

- Screen Snapshot

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4. CONFIGURATION

4.1 CONFIGURATION (SET-UP MENU)

The Conguration button This must be done before each new type of measurement. The conguration settings remain in memory, even after the

instrument is turned OFF.

When working with the Conguration menu, use the arrow buttons (▲ or ▼ or ◄ or ►) to navigate through the menus

and options, then use the button to select and validate your choices.

displays the Conguration menu. This menu enables you to congure the instrument.

Figure 4-1

The Conguration menu allows you to dene the following parameters:

PARAMETER FUNCTION

Date / Time

Display

Calculation Methods

Electrical Hook-Up

Sets the date and time format (see § 4.1.1)

Adjusts the contrast and brightness of the display (see § 4.1.2.1) Deﬁnes the color of the voltage and current curves (see § 4.1.2.2) Deﬁnes the settings for Auto Power Off (see § 4.1.2.3) Enables/Disables Night mode settings (see § 4.1.2.4)

Determines if harmonics are used or not used in calculations of reactive quantities (power and energy) - (see § 4.1.3)

• With harmonics: Harmonics are taken into account when calculating reactive parameters

• Without harmonics: Only the fundamental part is used for the calculation of reactive parameters

Determines the type of connection to the network (see § 4.1.4)

• 1-Phase 2-Wire

• 2-Phase 3-Wire

• 3-Phase 3-Wire

• 3-Phase 4-Wire

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

Probes and Ratios

Deﬁnes the type of current probe to connect (see § 4.1.5)

• MN93: 200A

• MN193: 100A or 5A (with variable ratio)

• SR193: 1000A

• SL261: 10A and 100A range

• AmpFlex® Sensors: 3000A (measures up to 10kA)

• MiniFlex® Sensors: 3000A

• MR193: 1000AAC/1200ADC

• J93: 3500AAC/5000ADC

• 5A 3-phase adapter (3-channel only)

Capture Mode

Trend Mode

Conﬁgures the voltage and current thresholds (see § 4.1.6)

Selects the parameters to record (see § 4.1.6.3) (Up to four conﬁgurations)

Alarm Mode

Erase Memory

About

Deﬁnes the parameters of an alarm (see § 4.1.7)

Deletes conﬁgurations, alarm settings, snapshots, and recordings (see § 4.1.8)

Displays the serial number, software and hardware version (see § 4.1.9)

4.1.1 DATE/TIME

The Date/Time menu denes the system date and time. The display is as follows:

Figure 4-2

With the Date/Time eld highlighted in yellow, press . To change a value, press ▲ or ▼. To move from one eld to another, press ◄ or ►. To conrm, press .

Proceed in the same way for selecting data format (DD/MM/YY or MM/DD/YY) and time format (12/24 or AM/PM). Changes take effect immediately in the data display. To return to the Conguration menu, press

NOTE: The date and time parameters cannot be congured while the instrument is recording, metering energy, or

searching for transients and/or alarms.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.2 DISPLAY

4.1.2.1 BRIGHTNESS

The Brightness button initiates a menu that sets the brightness of the display.

Figure 4-3

Use the ◄ or ► buttons to change the brightness. To return to the Conguration menu, press

4.1.2.2 COLORS

The Colors menu is used to dene the colors of the voltage and current traces on the graph. There are 15 colors available: green, dark green, yellow, orange, pink, red, brown, blue, turquoise blue, dark blue, light grey, grey, dark grey, and black.

Figure 4-4

Use the arrow buttons to change colors. To return to the Conguration menu, press

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.2.3 DISPLAY SHUTDOWN

The Display Status button displays a menu that denes the display shutdown process.

Figure 4-5

Use the ▲ and ▼ buttons to choose Automatic or Never.

■ In Automatic mode the display turns OFF automatically after:

● 5 minutes of inactivity when the instrument is powered by the battery and a recording is in progress.

● 10 minutes if no recording is in progress.

■ The ON/OFF button blinks to indicate that the instrument is still in operation. Press any button to relight the

display. To return to the Conguration menu, press

4.1.2.4 BACKGROUND COLOR (NIGHT MODE)

The Night mode button displays a menu that initiates a change in the colors on the display.

In night mode, the screen displays “reverse” video and all colors are changed.

Figure 4-6

Use the ▲ and ▼ buttons to activate or deactivate night mode.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.3 CALCULATION METHODS

The Calculation Methods menu

denes:

■ Breakdown or no breakdown of the non-active quantities

■ Reference for the level of harmonics of the phases

■ Coefcients of calculation for the K factor

4.1.3.1 NON-ACTIVE QUANTITIES

The var menu is used to choose whether to separate or combine the non-active quantities (power and energy).

Figure 4-7

Use the ▲ and ▼ buttons to select Separated or Combined.

■ Separated: Non-active power N is separated into reactive power (fundamental) Q1 and distorting power D. Non-active energy Nh is separated into Q1h and Dh.

■ Combined: Non-active power N and non-active energy Nh are displayed.

Press to conrm the selection and return to the Conguration menu.

NOTE: This setting cannot be modied when the instrument is recording, metering energy, and/or searching for

alarms.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.3.2 K FACTOR

The FK menu denes the coefcients used for the calculation of the K factor (Factor K). This value is used for weighting the harmonic load currents in accordance with their effects on transformer heating. A higher K factor indicates larger harmonic heating effects.

Figure 4-8

Use the arrow buttons to set the value of coefcients q and e:

● q: exponential constant that depends on the type of winding and the frequency. The value of q can range from

1.5 to 1.7. The value of 1.7 is suitable for transformers having round or square conductors, in all types of winding.

The value of 1.5 is suitable for those in which the low-voltage windings are in tape form.

● e: ratio between the losses linked to eddy currents (at the fundamental frequency) and resistive losses (both evaluated at the reference temperature). The value of e can range from 0.05 to 0.1.

The default values (q = 1.7 and e = 0.10) are suitable for most applications.

Press to conrm the selection and return to the Conguration menu.

NOTE: This setting cannot be modied when the instrument is recording, and/or searching for alarms.

4.1.3.3 PHASE HARMONIC RATIOS

The %f-%r Phase Harmonics menu denes the reference for the level of harmonics of the phases.

Figure 4-9

Use the ▲ and ▼ buttons to select the reference for the level of harmonics:

● %f: the reference is the value of the fundamental

● %r: the reference is the total value

For harmonics of the V-h, A-h, and U-h phases, the fundamental and total values are RMS values. For harmonics of the S-h phases, the fundamental and total values are apparent power values.

Press to conrm the selection and return to the Conguration menu.

NOTE: This setting cannot be modied when the instrument is recording, and/or searching for alarms.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.4 ELECTRICAL HOOK-UP

The menu is used to dene how the Model 8333 is connected, according to the type of network.

Figure 4-10

Several electrical diagrams can be selected. Use the arrow buttons to choose a connection. One or more types of network correspond to each distribution system.

These connection choices allow you to connect the instrument to all existing networks.

Press to conrm the selection and return to the Conguration menu.

NOTE: This setting cannot be modied when the instrument is recording, and/or searching for alarms.

Distribution System Source

Single-phase 2-wire (L1 and N)

Single-phase 2-wire non-grounded neutral

Split-phase 3-wire non-grounded neutral

Split-phase 3-wire (L1, L2 and N)

L1 L2

3-phase open star 3-wire non-grounded neutral

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

3-phase high leg delta 3-wire non-grounded neutral

3-phase open high leg delta 3-wire non-grounded neutral

Distribution System Source

3-phase star 3-wire

3-phase delta 3-wire

3-phase 3-wire (L1, L2 and L3)

L1 L2 L3

3A A1A2 A2A3 A3A1

Indicates which 2 current sensors will be

connected: A1 and A2, or A2 and A3,

or A3 and A1.

Two-wattmeter method or two-element

method or Aron method.

The third sensor is not necessary if the

other two are of the same type, same range, and same ratio. Otherwise, the third sensor must be connected to make current

measurements.

3-phase open delta 3-wire

3-phase open delta 3-wire grounded junction of phases

3-phase open delta 3-wire grounded corner of phase

3-phase high leg delta 3-wire

3-phase open high leg delta 3-wire

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

Distribution System Source

3-phase 4-wire (L1, L2, L3 and N)

L1 L2 L3

3V V1V2 V2V3 V3V1

Indicates which voltages will be connected:

all 3 (3V) or only 2 (V1 and V2, or V2 and

V3, or V3 and V1).

If only two of the three voltages are con-

nected, the three phase voltages must be

balanced (2½-element method)

3-phase star 4-wire non-grounded neutral

3-phase open high leg delta 4-wire non-grounded neutral

3-phase high leg delta 4-wire non-grounded neutral

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.5 PROBES AND RATIOS

4.1.5.1 CURRENT PROBES

The screen denes the current probes and ratios.

This menu enables you to dene

■ Current probes (press A)

■ Current ratios (press V or U, depending on set-up)

Figure 4-11

Press A to dene the current probes and ratios. This displays the current probe models detected by the instrument. If a probe is detected but not managed, an error message is displayed.

For a 3-wire 3-phase set-up where only two of the three current sensors required are connected, if these two sensors are of the same type and have the same ratio, the instrument simulates the third sensor by assuming the same characteristics as for the two others. The third sensor will be shown in the list as either being simulated, or impossible to simulate.

The current probe choices that are available are:

MN93 clamp: 200AAC

MN193 clamp: 100 or 5AAC

SR193 clamp: 1000AAC

J93 clamp: 3500A/5000AAC/DC

AmpFlex® A193: 100A/6500A/10,000AAC

MiniFlex® MA193: 100A/6500AC

MR193 clamp: 1000A/1200AAC/DC

SL261 clamp: 100A (sensitivity 10mV/AAC/DC)

SL261 clamp: 10A (sensitivity 100mV/AAC/DC)

Three phase adapter: 5AAC

If an MN193 clamp (5A range) or an adapter is used, the current ratio setting is proposed automatically. If an MN193

clamp (5A range), an Adapter, an AmpFlex®, a MiniFlex®, J93 or an SL261 clamp is used; adjustment of the ratio, range, or sensitivity is proposed automatically.

Use the arrow buttons to dene the ratios between the primary current (1A to 60,000A) and the secondary current (1A, 2A or 5A), then conrm the selections with the button. Note that the primary current cannot be less than the secondary

current.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

4.1.5.2 VOLTAGE RATIOS

A second screen, V or U (depending on set-up), denes the voltage ratios. Ratios can be different for each channel, or the same for all or some channels. These are phase-to-neutral voltage ratios when there is a neutral (indicated by V)...

Figure 4-12

…and phase-to-phase voltage ratios when there is not (indicated by U).

Figure 4-13

Use the ▲ and ▼ buttons to choose the conguration of the ratios.

■ 3V 1/1 or 3U 1/1: all channels have the same 1/1 ratio.

■ 3V or 3U: all channels have the same ratio, to be programmed.

- Press then use the ▲ and ▼ buttons to highlight the ratio in yellow.

- Press then use the arrow buttons to change the ratio. The primary voltage is in kV and the secondary voltage is in V.

■ 3V: all channels have the same ratio and the neutral has a different ratio. The process is similar to when there is only

one ratio, but you must perform the operation twice.

■ U1+U2+U3 or V1+V2+V3: each channel has a different ratio, to be programmed. The process is similar to when there

is only one ratio, but you must perform the operation several times.

Conrm your selections by pressing . To return to the Conguration menu, press

NOTE: The primary and secondary voltages can each be congured with a multiplier factor of 1/√3. Note also that you cannot modify ratios if the instrument is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, and/or alarms.

Power Quality Analyzer PowerPad® III Model 8333

+ 102 hidden pages

AEMC 8333 Operating Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1. BEFORE YOU BEGIN

1.1 RECEIVING YOUR SHIPMENT

1.2 ORDERING INFORMATION

1.2.1 ACCESSORIES

1.2.2 REPLACEMENT PARTS

1.3 INSTALLING THE BATTERY

1.4 CHARGING THE BATTERY

1.5 SETTING THE LANGUAGE

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 DESCRIPTION

2.2 MEASUREMENTS

2.3 DISPLAY

2.4 CONFIGURATION

2.5 OVERALL VIEW

2.6 ON/OFF BUTTON

2.7 DISPLAY

2.8 CONNECTION TERMINALS

2.9 POWER SUPPLY

2.10 STAND

3. USE

3.1 START-UP

3.2 CONFIGURATION (SET-UP MODE)

3.3 INSTALLATION OF THE LEADS AND CURRENT SENSORS

3.3.1 CONNECTION PROCEDURE

3.3.2 DISCONNECTION PROCEDURE

3.4 FUNCTIONS

4. CONFIGURATION

4.1 CONFIGURATION (SET-UP MENU)

4.1.1 DATE/TIME

4.1.2 DISPLAY

4.1.2.1 BRIGHTNESS

4.1.2.2 COLORS

4.1.2.3 DISPLAY SHUTDOWN

4.1.2.4 BACKGROUND COLOR (NIGHT MODE)

4.1.3 CALCULATION METHODS

4.1.3.1 NON-ACTIVE QUANTITIES

4.1.3.2 K FACTOR

4.1.3.3 PHASE HARMONIC RATIOS

4.1.4 ELECTRICAL HOOK-UP

4.1.5 PROBES AND RATIOS

4.1.5.1 CURRENT PROBES

4.1.5.2 VOLTAGE RATIOS