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tendering or manufacturing purposes or disclosed to a third party except with the written consent of
Advantech AMT Ltd. Advantech AMT is a wholly owned operating company of Advantech Wireless Inc.
The INTRAC-305 INtelligent TRacking Antenna Controller is a
microprocessor based controller for tracking any nominally
geostationary satellite including those at low elevation or with
high angles of inclination. It has been designed as a direct
physical replacement for the Andrew APC300 Steptrack
Controller. For information on replacing an Andrew APC300
with the INTRAC-305 see section 6 - Installation.
The INTRAC-305 builds a model of the satellite’s orbit using a
mathematical algorithm. To build the orbit model the INTRAC
makes measurements by perturbing the antenna pointing
angle very slightly and monitoring the change in received
beacon signal strength. These small movements enable the
INTRAC to estimate the position of the satellite and this
estimate is used by the modelling algorithm.
The system always tracks the satellite from the orbit model.
The small movements of antenna pointing are only used to
maintain and update the model.
By using the model to point the antenna the INTRAC system
ensures that the antenna is always pointed accurately at the
satellite. This is in contrast to Step Track systems where the
antenna spends most of the time not actually pointing directly
at the satellite.
The regular measurements made by the INTRAC ensure that
changes in the apparent orbit, due to station keeping
manoeuvres or other causes, are identified. The model is
modified and refined to incorporate these changes and
accurate tracking is automatically maintained. The INTRAC
will automatically increase the measuring rate if necessary in
order to obtain sufficient information on the changing orbit.
As the INTRAC tracks using its orbit model it will continue to
track the satellite if the tracking signal is degraded or lost.
The satellite position may be accurately predicted from the
model for up to 72hrs without a tracking signal.
The INTRAC system provides this exceptional tracking
performance and robustness for satellites with any inclination,
at any look angle, even in the presence of severe beacon
signal degradation entirely automatically. No operator
intervention or parameter setting is required when conditions
or satellites are changed.
The antenna position resolvers provide direction information
to the INTRAC. The IBR-L (beacon receiver) provides
tracking signal strength. (A signal strength derived dc voltage
from an external receiver may be used in place of the
Advantech AMT IBR-L)
The Motor Drive Cabinet receives the antenna drive
commands from the INTRAC and drives the azimuth,
elevation and polarisation (option) motors and brake
assemblies.
Limit switches on the antenna prevent it from being moved
beyond mechanically defined positions.
The INTRAC-305 may be controlled from its front panel or
from an optional PC based Remote Control and Monitoring
Terminal.
Retro FittingExisting Step Track or Program Track installations may be
updated to INTRAC systems. Advantech AMT Ltd. have
considerable experience of retro fitting INTRAC systems.
1/ Before modifying system make a note the antenna pointing angles from the old tracking
system.
2/ Perform any recommended resolver mounting bracket modifications.
3/ Connect INTRAC-305 in place of Andrew APC300 and check that the Fitted Options
(Home>Function>System Setup>Fitted Options) (Manual page 39) are set correctly. Note
that the resolvers used with the APC300 system were normally x2 resolvers which would
require the x2 setting in the fitted options.
4/ Select Station Coordinates (Home>Function>System Setup>Station Coordinates) and
ensure that latitude is in correct hemisphere (North or South). You only need to enter the
correct station co-ordinates if you intend to use IESS-412 or Norad ephemeris data.
5/ Select Date and Time (Home>Function>System Setup>Date & Time) and enter the correct
time and date (in UT (GMT)). This is only strictly necessary if you intend to use IESS-412 or
Norad ephemeris data, but most users prefer to set the time correctly anyway.
6/ Select beamwidth (Home>Function>System Setup>Az & El Beamwidth) and set the receive
3 dB beamwidths of your antenna.
7/ Now ensure drive direction feedback is correct.
Select Manual on INTRAC . (Home>New Mode>Manual/Stow) Note displayed Az angle.
Command drive Right. Check if displayed angle increases or decreases.
Command drive left. Check if displayed angle increase or decreases.
Continue driving left until displayed angle has returned to the previously noted angle.
The angle should have increased while driving right and decreased while driving left. If it did
the opposite then the resolver sense is not correct and will need correcting. By bringing the
antenna back to the original displayed angle we have maintained the angle reference.
Note the displayed Elevation angle and repeat the operation for Elevation. Commanding Up
should give an increasing angle, Down a decreasing angle. If you found the opposite then
you will need to change the elevation resolver sense. Make sure you return the antenna to
the same elevation position (reading).
8/ If either resolver senses required changing then Select Fine Tune (Home>Function>System
Setup>Fine Tune) and change the required senses on the first screen. Then press EN to
continue and adjust the fine tune offsets so that the angle display reads the correct angles (
the ones you noted in step 1).
9/ Now check that Manual drive drives the angles in the expected direction. At this point you
can also check that the physical direction on motion of the antenna is also correct, but this
will be correct if the original installation was correct.
10/ Connect the beacon signal.
If an IBR-L is fitted and an L-band beacon is available connect this to the RF input on the
rear panel of the INTRAC. Select the correct frequency and check that a valid beacon level
is displayed. Manually peak the antenna to maximize the beacon level and check that the
If an IBR-L is not fitted then provide a voltage signal to the beacon 1 input. You will need to
adjust the potentiometers (See manual page 76) to set the gain and offset to the correct
values. Manually peak the antenna to maximize the beacon level and check that the
beacon does not overload (24.9 dB displayed).
11/ Set any other parameters, such as Soft Limits.
12/ Select Auto-New Model (Home>New Mode>Auto New Model) and press enter. Monitor
system over 24 hours and check that system is maintaining track with displayed mode
“Learning”. Soon after the 24 hour learning period the mode should change to “Tracking”,
indicating that the system has successfully computed a full INTRAC model.
POSSIBLE LETHAL POTENTIALS EXIST WITHIN THIS EQUIPMENT
THE COVERS SHOULD NOT BE REMOVED EXCEPT BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
SWITCH OFF POWER AND ISOLATE SUPPLY BEFORE REMOVING COVERS.
IF IT IS NECESSARY TO OPERATE THE EQUIPMENT WITH THE COVERS
REMOVED FOR SERVICING PURPOSES ALL NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS
SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PROTECT AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCKS
SAFETY INTRAC-305
1. SAFETY
ELECTRICAL Fusing The standard unit is protected by a user replacable fuse in the
live/phase power supply line.
Care should be taken to ensure that the power cable is
correctly connected to the power source such that the
live/phase connection of the INTRAC is connected to the
live/phase terminal of the supply.
When replacing the fuse be sure to do so with one of the
correct value and type.
The Dual Redundant power supply version is protected by
separate board mounted fuses on each power supply. These
are not user replaceable.
EarthingIt is important that the electrical supply has a good and proper
earth and that earth is connected through to the INTRAC-305
via the power cable.
Battery DisposalThe processor board contains a Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) or
Lithium battery. These elements are toxic. The battery
should be disposed of according to national requirements.
DO NOT PLACE IN NORMAL GARBAGE OR IN A FIRE.
RF I/P Connector for IBR-L18Vdc may be present on the inner of the N-Type connector
to power the LNB/BDC. This voltage can be removed by
unplugging connector J41.
Emergency StopThere is a latching emergency stop switch on the INTRAC
front panel. Pressing this switch will remove power from the
antenna drive motors and the INTRAC will enter Standby
Tracking Accuracy Typically <0.1dB RMS signal degradation after tracking for
30minutes (with tracking signal).
Prediction AccuracyTypically <0.1dB RMS signal degradation over 72hrs (after
loss of tracking signal).
Tracking Signal May be derived from an external tracking receiver or from the
(optional) Integral Beacon Receiver (IBR-L).
External DC voltage varying directly with received signal strength
(in dB). Scale factors between 0.1V/dB and 1.0V/dB can be
preset with up to 10V offset.
Internal Internal IBR-L requires an L-band signal with a level in the
range -80dBm to -45dBm and C/No >40dB. Stability better
than 150KHz. The received frequency is selected from the
INTRAC front panel.
The signal voltage and lock lost indicators are generated
internally.
Antenna Position EncodersSingle resolver units. Operating frequency is 800Hz nominal. Az & ElThe INTRAC-305 is designed to operate directly with
standard Andrew resolvers. Antennas used with the APC300
controller, for which the INTRAC-305 is a replacement, are
normally fitted with x2 resolvers. The part numbers of the two
(alternative manufacturers) 2x resolvers known to have been
used by Andrew are:
Harowe 11BRCX-310-M-85V
Clifton 11-BHM-19F/F776
The INTRAC-305 can be configured (by the user in “Fitted
Options”) to operate with the lower resolution (x1) resolver
that may be fitted to antennas intended for APC100 control.
The part numbers of the two (alternative manufacturers) 1x
resolvers known to have been used by Andrew are:
Harrowe 11_BRCX-310-R-85V
Clifton 11-BHW-46TK/F561 or F817
PolThe standard version of the INTRAC-305 is firmware
configured for x1 resolvers. Firmware to enable the use of a
x2 resolver for can be provided on request.
Dimensions 483mm Wide x 132mm High x 406mm Deep. (19” rack x 3U).
Mounting Standard 19” rack mounts or rails. DO NOT MOUNT BY FRONT PANEL LUGS ALONE THE UNIT MUST BE SUPPORTED ALONG ITS SIDES.
Weight12kg (without IRB-L). 15kg (with IRB-L).
Operating Temperature 0C - 40C.
Relative Humidity 10% - 90% non-condensing.
Power 220V - 240V 50Hz 50W.
110V - 120V 60Hz 50W.
Power supplies are auto-switching
Serial Port Configuration - Connector and Link Positions
Port Designation
SPECIFICATION & OPTIONS INTRAC-305
OPTIONS A number of options are available for the INTRAC-305.
The options are described in the following pages. Some of
these options require changes to the firmware or hardware
and some are only available when ordered at the time of
initial order.
Serial Interfaces only need a change to switch and / or
connector positions within the INTRAC.
VoltageThe power supply unit (or units for Dual Redundant PSU
option) of the INTRAC-305 auto switch for nominal mains
voltages of 110Vac or 220Vac.
Tracking SignalThe INTRAC-305 can be supplied with an integral L-band
beacon receiver (IBRL). Alternatively a voltage, from an
external receiver, which varies directly with the received
signal strength in dB may be used. The IBRL option should
be specified at time of initial order.
Serial Interfaces There are three communication ports on the INTRAC-305,
“Remote Port”, “Test Port 1” and “Test Port 2”. The Remote
Port is configured for RS232/RS423. Test Ports 1& 2 can be
independently configured as either RS423 or RS422.
This involves connecting the rear panel connectors to the
appropriate connectors on the main board and setting the
option links as shown below.
PolarisationIf the antenna has motorised polarisation the INTRAC can be
user configured to control the polarisation angle. Polarisation
uses the standard Andrew polarisation resolver.
Note The standard version of the INTRAC-305 is firmware
configured for a Pol resolver geared 1:1 to the polarisation
tube. Firmware for a Pol resolver geared 2:1 to the
polarisation tube is available if required. Note this is a
firmware change and required the EPROM on the interface
card to be changed.
Mount TypeTwo types of antenna mount may be used with the INTRAC.
An Az/El mount or a Polar mount. The appropriate one is
selected in “Fitted Options” as AZ/El or Hr-Ang/Declination.
Resolver TypeThe INTRAC-305 is intended for use with standard Andrew
resolvers, either x2 or x1 versions. Normally the INTRAC-305
is to replace an Andrew APC300 and the antenna will have
been fitted with x2 resolvers. Refer to the earlier specification
section. This is a user configuration option.
Stow OptionThere is provision in the INTRAC-305 configuration for Az/El
preliminary and final stow positions to be set.
The “Stow” command causes the antenna to be driven to the
preliminary position in both axes. Once at this position the
antenna is driven to the final position.
The “Unstow” command causes the pin(s) to be removed
(where appropriate) and the antenna driven to the preliminary
position.
The preliminary and/or final positions can be set to “not-
used” for one or both axes.
Dual Redundant PSU The INTRAC-305 can be supplied with dual redundant power
supplies. In this option the single PSU is replaced by two
indepenent PSUs and associated combining hardware.
Independent switched power inlets are provided and the
front panel power switch is replaced by status LEDs. The
INTRAC-305 will operate normally when either or both PSUs
are operational. This option must be requiested at time of
initial order
Emergency Stop Button Pressing the button removes all drive from the antenna. The
button locks in the safe position when pressed. To enable
drive to return to the antenna the button must be rotated
clockwise until it releases.
On/Off Switch Illuminated rocker switch to apply power to the INTRAC-305.
Illuminated when the INTRAC is on. On Dual Redundant
PSU units the rocker switch is replaced by status LEDs.
Dual Redundant Status Leds On Dual Redundant PSU units there is a green and red status
LED for each PSU. Green indicates that the PSU is powered
and working normally. Red indicates thjat the PSU is
powered but faulty. When the PSU is unpowered both LEDs
will be off. The INTRAC will operate correctly when at least 1
green LED is illuminated.
THE MENU STRUCTURE
The diagram above shows the various menus in a “tree”
The menu headings in heavy type are selected by the six
moves to the New Mode menu (not
available when in remote Control Mode)
Standby
New
Mode
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode
Local
Current Mode
Beac Level
Beac Freq
El Angle
Az Angle
Pol Angle
Select
Remote
(Local)
Function
Show
Alarms
moves to the 1st ‘Function’ menu(not
available when in remote Control Mode)
shows the Alarms menu ie the currently
active alarms
toggles the INTRAC between Remote
and Local control modes
Home
INTRAC-305 OPERATION
STANDBY
Path STANDBY
Note This menu can be reached directly from almost every menu
by pressing Menu Key 1.
Description Standby is a monitoring but no movement mode.
The antenna is not driven in this mode but its position and the
beacon signal strength are monitored and displayed.
External inputs are also monitored and any appropriate
alarm(s) become active. The System Alarm indicator will
illuminate and the alarms may be viewed by pressing “Show
Alarms”.
Standby mode is entered in one of three ways : by being selected by the operator using Menu Key 1.
by a primary alarm becoming active.
at the end of a Goto move or at the end of a search.
moves to the New Mode menu (not
available when in remote Control Mode)
Stows or Unstows (toggle) the antenna
depending on its current state
(toggle) selects whether manual control
buttons drive Az/El or Pol axes
latches the currently operated Manual
Drive button until pressed a second time
Manual
Latch
Drive
Stow/
Unstow
Standby
skips to the Home (root) menu
Select
Az&El
or Pol
New
Mode
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode and skips to the HOME
menu
Beac Level
Beac Freq
El Angle
Az Angle
Pol Angle
Local
Current Mode
Home
INTRAC-305 OPERATION
MANUAL/STOW
Path HOME - NEW MODE - MENU KEY 3
Description
Manual This menu screen enables the antenna pointing direction to
be changed manually by use of the Manual Control Keys on
the front panel. Menu key 5 enables either azimuth &
elevation or the polarisation motors to be driven.
Azimuth is driven by the left and right manual keys.
Elevation is driven by the upper and lower manual keys.
Polarisation is driven by the left (ccw) and right (cw) manual
keys.
Menu key 6 latches which ever manual key is pressed and
drives at an increased speed. (useful for large distance
moves) Pressing key 6 again releases the latching effect.
Stow Menu key 4 (alternate functions) causes the antenna to be
driven to the pre-set stow position (via the preliminary stow
position) and, where appropriate, the stow pins to be driven
into locking position.
If the antenna is “stowed” key 4 causes the stow pins to be
withdrawn, where appropriate, and the antenna to drive to the
preliminary stow position. (see Stow Setup)
Notes The Drive Fail alarm does not work in Manual (P) mode.
The antenna may be driven through azimuth 0 (North) in
Manual (P) mode is local (front panel) control as opposed to
moves the highlight box to the next field
in the current menu
Current Mode Tracking
Control State Local
Beac Freq 11.452000 GHz
Beac Level -10.05 dB
El Angle 25.37
Az Angle 210.50
Pol Angle 27.4
Mode
Press EN to go to position
Next
Field
Search
Home
Standby
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode and skips to the HOME
menu
skips to the Home (root) menu
Goto
Satellite
New
Mode
OPERATION INTRAC-305
GOTO (Position)
Path HOME - NEW MODE - MENU KEY 4
Note Pressing menu key 4 (Goto) on the New Mode menu leads to
the Goto Position (as opposed to Goto Satellite) menu. Goto
Satellite and Search are accessed from this (Goto Position)
menu by Menu Keys 5 and 4 respectively.
Description Used to drive the antenna to the co-ordinates displayed.
The co-ordinates can be set by using menu key 6 (Next Field)
to step through the three angles and the Beacon Frequency.
The co-ordinate enclosed in the box can be edited from the
numeric keypad. The & keys are used to move the
cursor to the desired character.
Pressing the ENTER key causes the antenna to commence
driving to the set co-ordinates. When the antenna reaches
the position the INTRAC enters STANDBY Mode.
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode and skips to the HOME
menu
Beac Level
Beac Freq
El Angle
Az Angle
Pol Angle
Local
Current Mode
Home
skips to the Home (root) menu
OPERATION INTRAC-305
AUTO NEW MODEL
Path HOME - NEW MODE - MENU KEY 6
Description This facility does not have a screen of its own. It is a function
enabled by a menu key on the New Mode menu.
Auto New Model is used when it is required to track a new
satellite. It causes the INTRAC to clear the existing model (if
there is one) and start to build a new model of the orbit of the
satellite whose beacon signal it is receiving.
Thus before pressing the Auto New Model key the antenna
must be peaked on the required satellite’s main transmission
lobe. The peaking may be done in manual mode or
automatically using Search Mode.
On pressing Auto New Model the INTRAC will enter Learning
mode. After 24hrs of learning the orbit and building the model
the INTRAC will enter Tracking mode.
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode and skips to the HOME
menu
skips to the Home (root) menu
skips to the Models menu
skips to the Config menu
skips to the System Setup menu
moves the highlight box to the next field
in the current menu
Current Mode Tracking
Control State Local
Beac Freq 11.452000 GHz
Beac Level -10.05 dB
El Angle 25.37
o
Az Angle 210.50
o
Pol Angle 27.4 o
Standby
Home
Models
Config
System
Setup
Function
Press EN to accept selection
Next
Field
Frequency: MHz
Band No : 4
1 L 945 to 1750 MHz
2 C 3.7 to 4.2 GHz
3 X 7.07 to 7.87 GHz
4 Ku1 10.95 to 11.70 GHz
5 Ku2 11.70 to 12.20 GHz
6 Ku3 12.55 to 12.75 GHz
7 Ku4 12.25 to 12.75 GHz
OPERATION INTRAC-305
BEACON FREQUENCY
Path HOME - FUNCTION - MENU KEY 6 - ENTER
Description This function effects the tuning of the IBR-L (if fitted) to the
beacon frequency of the satellite to be tracked.
The IBR-L operates over the frequency range 945MHz to
1.75GHz (L-band). A block down converter is required to
convert the actual beacon frequency to the L-band range.
Note The conversion from the operating frequency to the L-band
frequency for the IBR-L is performed automatically for BDCs
with standard local oscillator frequencies.
Setting Frequency Menu Key 6 (Next Field) selects either the Frequency or Band
No. for editing. The Band No. must be set first otherwise the
frequency cannot be entered.
Use the numeric keypad to overwrite the band number and/or
frequency as required.
The down conversions assumed by the INTRAC-305 are : Band No. Conversion
1 none
2 5.15GHz - C band
3 X band - 6.3GHz
4 Ku1 band - 10GHz
5 Ku2 band - 10.75GHz
6 Ku3 band - 11.475GHZ
7 Ku4 band - 11.3GHZ
Notes Whilst bands 6 & 7 cover, in part, the same frequency range
To use an X-band frequency below 7.25GHz an IBR-L with an
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode and skips to the HOME
menu
skips to the Home (root) menu
skips to the Models menu
skips to the Config menu
skips to the System Setup menu
moves the highlight box to the next field
in the current menu
Current Mode Tracking
Control State Local
Beac Freq 11.452000 GHz
Beac Level -10.05 dB
El Angle 25.37
o
Az Angle 210.50
o
Pol Angle 27.4 o
Standby
Home
Models
Config
System
Setup
Function
Press EN to accept selection
Next
Field
INTRAC-305 OPERATION
EDIT SATELLITE TABLE
Path HOME - FUNCTION - MENU KEY 6 (X2) - ENTER
or From Models or System Setup:-
CONFIG - MENU KEY 6 (X2) - ENTER
Description The INTRAC-305 can store bearing parameters for 40
satellites.
This function allows the editing of previously stored data
and/or the addition of new data.
Menu Key 6 steps the edit box through the six fields. Using
the numeric keypad enter the satellite’s parameters and the
number it is to be stored under.
Pressing ENTER sets the new values.
Note 1 The Satellite Number must be between 1 and 40 inclusive.
Note 2 If the frequency is between 12.55GHZ and 12.75GHZ ensure
that the correct band number is set for the down converter
frequency, i.e., band 6 or band 7.
(see previous page - Beacon Frequency)
To view the data relating to a satellite number use the Goto
Resolver Sense:
Azimuth >true<
Elevation inv
Pol Angle inv
To change offsets:
Press the manual drive keys
(with FAST key if reqd) to
adjust the displayed angle
1
2
3
4
5
6
(not used)
(not used)
(not used)
(not used)
Toggles between ‘Select Pol Axis’ &
Select Az/El Axes’ moving the highlight
box to the labeled parameter
speeds up the effect of the currently
pressed manual Drive Key
Current Mode Tracking
Control State Local
Beac Freq 11.452000 GHz
Beac Level -10.05 dB
El Angle 25.37
o
Az Angle 210.50
o
Pol Angle 27.4 o
Select
Pol
Axis
Function
Press EN to EXIT Fine Tune
FAST
OPERATION INTRAC-305
FINE TUNE - Offsets
Path See “FINE TUNE - Sense” on previous page.
Description This menu allows an offset to be inserted between the “angle”
from the resolver and the displayed angle in order to calibrate
the system for any difference between the actual antenna
angle and the resolver angle.
The actual pointing angles of the antenna are accurately
established and the displayed angles are set to those angles
using this facility.
Azimuth & Elevation or Polarisation are selected using menu
key 5.
The setting of the offset is done using the manual drive keys.
For Az & El the right and left keys offset the Az and the upper
and lower keys offset the El. For Pol the right and left keys
are used.
The angles displayed in the upper section of the menu screen
change in real time. Menu Key 6 may be used together with
the direction key to increase the rate of change.
The actual amount of offset is not displayed.
The offset can be returned to zero for any angle by pressing
the opposite keys at the same time.
Care should be taken to release both keys at the same time
otherwise another offset will be inserted.
Note This should only be carried out at commissioning or on the
Caution Inserting any offset will reset the orbit model.
axis drive are available on the INTRAC-305. Their use has to
be programmed into the INTRAC in order for them to be
usable. That programming is carried out in this menu.
through the options.
not fitted.
the state they were in when this menu was entered.
Beacon Lock should be set to “Not Fitted”.
type will be x2.
1
2
3
4
5
6
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode and skips to the HOME
menu
skips to the Models menu
skips to the Config menu
skips to the System Setup menu
Current Mode Tracking
Control State Local
Beac Freq 11.452000 GHz
Beac Level -10.05 dB
El Angle 25.37
o
Az Angle 210.50
o
Pol Angle 27.4 o
Standby
Home
Config
System
Setup
Function
Press EN to accept selection
>IESS-412<
SGP
SGP4
SGP8
ADP4
ADP8
BASIC
skips to the Home (root) menu
Models
Next
Field
moves the highlight box to the next field
in the current menu
OPERATION INTRAC-305
RAPID MODEL GENERATE
Path HOME - FUNCTION - MODELS - ENTER
or From Configuration or System Setup
MODELS - ENTER
Description IESS-412 & NORAD ephemeris data can be loaded into the
INTRAC-305. This data is primarily for Program Track use.
HOWEVER the INTRAC-305 can use this data to generate an
ORBIT MODEL for the satellite. The advantage of this is that
the model is available immediately rather than after the 24hrs
it would take if the INTRAC had to learn the orbit. The
INTRAC is then immediately immune to long beacon outage
or power failures.
The INTRAC will accept the ephemeris data two days either
side of the data’s actual validity period.
The SGP/SDP modelling algorithms for the NORAD data will
give slightly different pointing results for a given set of data.
Except that the SGP4/8 algorithms are for Near Earth orbits
and SDP4/8 are for Deep Space orbits. (Geostationary Orbits
are SDP). The INTRAC will not allow a model to be made
using the wrong type of orbit algorithm.
It is assumed that the user will know which NORAD algorithm
applies for the data being used.
Menu Key 6 (Next Field) steps the selecting highlight through
the seven selections. Once the required selection is
Note For more information on working with IESS-412 & NORAD
puts the antenna control system into
STANDBY mode and skips to the HOME
menu
skips to the Home (root) menu
skips to the Models menu
(not used)
(not used)
moves the highlight box to the next field
in the current menu
Current Mode Tracking
Control State Local
Beac Freq 11.452000 GHz
Beac Level -10.05 dB
El Angle 25.37
o
Az Angle 210.50
o
Pol Angle 27.4 o
Standby
Home
Models
Function
Press EN for next page
and proceed to next IESS screen-(2)
Next
Field
Year 97 Minute 35
Month 12 Second 10
Day 25 Min Intv 15
Hour 11 Day Perd 04
INTRAC-305 OPERATION
EDIT IESS-412
Path HOME - FUNCTION - MODELS MENU KEY 6 (x3) - ENTER
or From Configuration or System Setup
MODELS - MENU KEY 6 (x3) - ENTER
Description This menu is used to input IESS-412 data. It comprises three
For more information on working with IESS-412 data see
Menu Key 6 (Next Field) steps the edit box through the edit
Menu Key 4 returns to the first page from page two or page
Note In the IESS-412 data supplied the LMO value is in the range -
This only applies to the LM0 data field.
screens the first of which is shown above. The full IESS-412
data is entered into the three screens. Pressing enter after all
the data has been entered causes a check to be made on the
data for validity. If the check is OK the data is accepted.
page
fields. The data is input using the numeric keypad. Pressing
ENTER steps onto the next page.
three. Pressing ENTER on page three causes the data to be
checked and accepted if valid.
180 to +180. The INTRAC-305 cannot accept negative
values for this field from the front panel. (It can from the
RCM-4) It is therefore necessary to add 180 to the supplied
value when entering from the front panel.
NORMAL OPERATION
Continuing Tracking With the INTRAC-305 operating normally it will be in Tracking
Mode and will require no operator input.
Should it become necessary to move the antenna off satellite
for some reason, such as to stow it because of wind, all that
is required to resume tracking is to select Auto Continue.
(after the antenna has been unstowed)
To Track a new SatelliteSet the Beacon Frequency. Set the Polarisation angle if motorised Pol fitted.
Point the antenna at the required satellite using Manual
control, Goto Position or Goto Satellite.
Peak the antenna on the beacon signal using Manual control
or Search.
When the antenna is peaked on the beacon signal cause the
INTRAC to enter Learning Mode by selecting Auto New
Model.
After 24 hours of learning the INTRAC will automatically enter
Tracking Mode.
Note If Auto Continue is selected instead of Auto New Model and
the previous model has not been cleared the antenna will
drive back to the previous satellite and continue tracking it.
If the beacon signal is lost the INTRAC will enter Predicting
Mode. It will then track the satellite by predicting from the
model for a period of time depending on how long it has been
learning. If Tracking Mode had been achieved before the
signal is lost the INTRAC will track in Predicting Mode for up
to 72 hours after which time it will deem the model to no
longer be accurate enough.
When the beacon signal returns, if the INTRAC is still in
Predicting Mode, Tracking Mode will be resumed. If the
INTRAC has entered Standby, due to the period without
signal being too long, Learning Mode will have to be invoked
The INTRAC-305 has two type of alarm condition. Primary
Alarms and Secondary Alarms. The system will go into
Standby mode if a Primary Alarm is triggered. Secondary
Alarms leave the INTRAC in its current mode.
PRIMARY ALARMSA Primary Alarm becomes active if one (or more) of the
following conditions arise :-
Antenna movement limit switch activated.
Software limit tripped.
Emergency Stop button operated.
Interlock switch activated.
Motor drive failure. (Drive Fail Alarm)
Antenna moves in wrong direction. (Drive Fail Alarm)
Hardware (processor) fault.
Antenna driven within 1.4 of 0 Az in the Northern
Hemisphere or within 1.4 of 180 Az in Southern
Hemisphere (Drive Fail Alarm).
Resolver fault. (Synchro alarm) (apparent position
change of more than 1.4 in1/64 second).
Drive Fail AlarmThe Drive Fail Alarm encompasses a number of other alarms.
If there has been no change in the least significant bit (LSB)
of the resolver output within 10 seconds of drive being
activated. If either Az or El axis drive more than 1.4 in the
wrong direction. If the antenna is driven within 1.4 of North
(Azimuth 0) {or 1.4 of South (Az 180) Southern
Hemisphere}.
The Drive Fail Alarm is not activated in Manual (P) Mode.
If a drive time-out occurs the INTRAC enters Standby Mode.
This prevents the drive motors being damaged by continually
re-starting.
When any Primary Alarm becomes active the red “System
Alarm” indicator on the INTRAC front panel illuminates and
the system enters Standby Mode. The actual alarm which
has occurred can then be viewed on the screen by pressing
SECONDARY ALARMS There are three Secondary Alarms :-
Unable to Predict Alarm.
Beacon Alarm.
Servo Alarm.
Unable to PredictThis alarm is raised when the INTRAC has not enough
confidence in the orbit model to be able to predict the
satellites position. e.g. during the early part of learning a new
model or after there had been no beacon signal for more than
72 hours.
Beacon AlarmThe Beacon Alarm is raised when the signal strength does
not vary during step cycles or when beacon lock is lost.
Servo AlarmThe Servo Alarm is raised when the INTRAC fails to detect
the expected amount of antenna movement during a step
cycle. This can be caused by the servo performance not
corresponding to the routine’s model of the antenna drive
characteristics. The INTRAC reacts by repeating the step
cycle with a larger drive demand.
Secondary Alarms do not, necessarily, mean that there is a
system fault nor do they illuminate the System Alarm
indicator. The occurrence of a secondary alarm may be
checked by selecting Show Alarms in the Home menu.
ALARM OUTPUTSThree sets of changeover relay contact outputs are available
on a 25-way D-type connector on the INTRAC rear panel.
There is one relay for a Primary Alarm, one for a Secondary
Alarm and the third indicates that the beacon signal has fallen
below the user set beacon threshold.
RECOVERING FROM ALARMSAll Primary Alarms, except the Hardware Alarm in Auto Mode,
cause the unit to be put into Standby Mode. Recovery from
Drive Fail, Synchro and Hardware (other than when in Auto
Mode) Alarm conditions are cleared by pressing any Mode
selection key (eg Standby). Soft Limit and hard limit alarms
can only be cleared by driving back from the limit using
Manual Mode. Emergency Stop and Interlock alarms can
only be cleared by removing the cause of the alarm.
If a Hardware Alarm occurs when the INTRAC is in Auto
Mode the unit will perform a processor reset and then enter
learning mode to re-learn the orbit model.
POWER FAILURE The INTRAC incorporates non-volatile memory and a battery
backed real time clock. The onset of a power failure is
detected and the current mode is stored before the processor
ceases to operate. When power is restored the INTRAC
performs an automatic recovery as below : If the unit was in Auto (Tracking) Mode at the time of the
power failure and no Primary Alarms have become active the
unit will resume tracking. The antenna will be moved (if
necessary) to the current satellite position based on the orbit
model and the real time clock.
If the unit was in Auto (Learning) Mode it will resume in that
mode. However whether it continues learning or re-starts to
learn depends on the ratio of the completed learning time to
the period without power. (i.e. how dependable the learnt
orbit will now be)
If the INTRAC was in any other Mode or if a Primary Alarm
had occurred the unit will power up in Standby Mode with a
power-up alarm.
ERRORS Errors are user errors and involve the entry of non valid data.
Where data is entered outside the allowable limits for that
data such as setting the beacon frequency outside the range
of the selected band. The entered data is changed to the limit
nearest to the entered value and marked with an asterisk (*).
On the bottom of the screen the message :-
“ENTRY ERROR!, limits forced =*”is displayed.
The forced limit data may be accepted by re-pressing the
ENTER key or the correct value keyed in.
IESS-412 DATAWhere IESS-412 data is entered with the incorrect 170hr
checksum the checksum is corrected by INTRAC in the same
manner as above. However it is up to the user to ascertain
that it was the checksum which was wrong and not that wrong
value data was entered.
This section looks at and explains the Operational Modes and
Functions of the INTRAC-305 and at the tracking algorithm
that makes the INTRAC-305 one of the most accurate
tracking antenna controllers available.
The INTRAC-305 achieves its very high accuracy satellite
tracking by building a model of the satellite’s orbit and then by
using that orbit model to direct the antenna.
The algorithm used to build the orbital model has been
continually developed and enhanced by Advantech AMT
Limited since 1983.
The tracking accuracy is typically similar to that achieved by a
monopulse system and can, under some conditions, be better
than that achieved by a monopulse system.
THE TRACKING ALGORITHMDuring initial acquisition the INTRAC algorithm tracks the
satellite using a third order (for each axis) unbiased tracking
filter. This algorithm dynamically adjusts the period between
the step cycles to match the perceived orbit inclination and
received beacon signal level fluctuations and noise level.
During this initial period the tracking accuracy is only very
slightly lower than the full long term INTRAC tracking
accuracy.
The most significant difference during the learning period (first
24hrs) is not the accuracy of tracking but the time for which
the system can predict in the event of loss of the beacon
signal. This can be overcome by using Intelsat IESS-412 or
NORAD data to establish an initial INTRAC model so that the
full prediction ability is available from the start. This model is
then modified and optimised by the INTRAC algorithm in the
same manner as it would continuously update a model it had
“learnt”.
The key to deriving a reliable and accurate orbital model is the
ability to derive accurate estimates of the many parameters
involved in the model. Much specialised noise processing
expertise and experience has been applied in the design of the
INTRAC algorithm to ensure that INTRAC can build an
accurate model and can maintain it even when the beacon
signal is subject to severe fluctuations.
The INTRAC algorithm uses a robust pointing error estimator to obtain the raw satellite
position estimate, normally at 10 minute intervals. The raw
satellite position estimate is filtered with a narrow
noise-bandwidth tracking filter to produce the basic, multi
parameter, orbital model. To correct short-term errors in the
basic model resulting from modelling error, windage and
satellite station keeping manoeuvres, the difference between
the raw satellite position estimate and the orbital model is
filtered with another tracking filter (known as the "relationship
algorithm") capable of tracking and correcting transients. This
is then combined with the basic model to form a reliable
predictor that tracks mean windage, refraction and
stationkeeping manoeuvres without error.
The INTRAC tracking filters are designed in such a way as to
enable the model to provide the required accurate pointing
prediction at all times. Even when not verified by
measurements, as for example occurs with loss of beacon, the
tracking filters are capable of accurately predicting the satellite
orbit for many days. Under INTRAC control, pointing is always
controlled from the internal satellite orbit model. When a
measurement cycle is performed it is always done as a
perturbation with respect to current pointing. Thus, unlike
conventional steptrack, INTRAC is always on track when a
measurement cycle is performed. INTRAC never uses the
measurement cycle for the purpose of directly bringing the
beam on track. INTRAC simply performs one measurement
cycle in each axis every 10 minutes in order to up-date the
parameters used in the orbital model and for the rest of the
time keeps the beam correctly pointed.
As a result of the combination of thermal noise, fade,
scintillation, random windage-induced platform-reference
motion and other noise sources the beacon signal will, during a
measurement cycle, contain noise additional to that directly
attributable to the measurement cycle itself. Careful algorithm
design ensures that this noise has zero mean value and has a
value of standard deviation such that it is equivalent to thermal
noise of a certain effective value of C/No. By special design of
the measurement cycle the INTRAC system minimises this
effective value of C/No in a way that is not possible with
conventional steptrack methods. Furthermore the INTRAC
measurement cycle design discriminates so effectively against
the slow component of received beacon signal power
fluctuation, caused for example by rain fades, that it almost
completely suppresses errors caused by linear beacon ramps
of all practicable slopes.
The INTRAC algorithm also incorporates adaptive
compensation for imperfections in the antenna drives. As a
result its performance is largely unaffected by servo backlash,
AC track motor drive rate and transportation rate (motor to axis
rate) and coast because of the specific choice of perturbation
pattern and the use of high resolution position transducers. The
INTRAC servo algorithm dynamically calibrates the mechanical
coast of the antenna and automatically compensates for it if it
is within reasonable limits (less than 1/20 beamwidth).
Wind affects tracking in two ways. The antenna structure is
distorted by the wind load and this distortion shifts the beam
pointing relative to the angle transducer reading. This
component of beam shift is not visible to the position
transducers. The mean of the reference shift is tracked by the
INTRAC algorithm in a similar way to a stationkeeping
manoeuvre.
The component of beam shift that is visible to the position
transducers is entirely tracked by INTRAC within a 10 MHz
noise bandwidth. When the position transducers accurately
reflect beam deflection in wind INTRAC continuously tracks
this antenna deflection at 16 sec updates. To support tracking
of visible wind-induced beam deflection between measurement
cycles the INTRAC servo control algorithm maintains a
short-term average of beam pointing. When deciding whether
to update beam pointing INTRAC references this average
rather than the current pointing. A further small deadband is
also applied to suppress unnecessary hunting.
The INTRAC tracking filter distinguishes received beacon
signal power fluctuations, fades and noise from the mean
component of windage-induced beam-pointing, orbit changes
and beam refraction. The effect of the fluctuations, fades and
noise on the INTRAC tracking filter is as if these were a zero
mean position random noise source. The variance of these is
brought within specification by tracking the position estimates
with a narrow noise bandwidth tracking filter. The mean
components of windage-induced beam-pointing, orbit changes
and refraction are seen as transients to be tracked by the
INTRAC relationship algorithm. The design of the relationship
algorithm is a carefully evolved working compromise between
transient performance and noise suppression which provides
high accuracy tracking under all conditions likely to be
encountered in practice.
THE MODES The INTRAC-305 has six major operational modes : Standby
Auto - (tracking but includes learning & predicting)
Manual
Goto - (Goto Satellite, Goto Position & Search)
Sleep - (alarm induced, not user selectable)
Remote (transfers control to a remote terminal)
Standby Standby mode is a “no movement” mode, the antenna is not
driven (the brakes where fitted will be applied) but the pointing
angles and beacon signal level are monitored and displayed.
External inputs to the INTRAC are also monitored and any
primary alarms which occur are indicated. Any primary or
secondary alarms will be displayed if “Show Alarms” is
selected.
Standby mode is entered in one of three ways : selected by the operator
a primary alarm occurs
at the end of a Goto move or at the end of a search
Auto (normal operating mode) After pointing and peaking the antenna at the required satellite
Auto New Model should be selected. This will cause the
INTRAC to enter its period of learning the satellite’s orbit.The INTRAC performs cross scans to determine the satellite’s
position. These scans are performed at intervals (normally ten
minutes but more frequently if INTRAC deems necessary) and
the pointing parameters used to build the orbital model. When
carrying out a cross scan the antenna describes a small cross
(normally +/- 5% of the antenna’s 3dB beamwidth) in the sky to
determine the satellite position estimate.
After 24hrs the INTRAC has built the full orbital model.
However during the building process the INTRAC maintained a
simple orbit model for the satellite which allowed INTRAC to
track with very nearly the same accuracy as its long term
accuracy.
Once the model is complete the INTRAC enters Tracking
Mode. The model is used to point the antenna and because of
the high accuracy of the model the tracking is within 0.05dB of
peak signal tracking.
In Tracking Mode the INTRAC continuously updates the model
by making small perturbations of the antenna and incorporating
the resultant data into the model. During periods when the
satellite’s orbit is changing because of station keeping
manoeuvres the INTRAC may increase the frequency of the
perturbations.
If the beacon receiver stops providing a useful signal* the
INTRAC will enter “Predicting” sub mode. In this mode the
INTRAC will continue to point the antenna according to the
model but will not update the model. Once “Tracking Mode”
has been achieved “predicting” can continue for 72hrs. If the
beacon receiver returns to providing a useful signal* within this
period the INTRAC returns to updating the model. If, after
72hrs, the beacon is still not producing a useful signal* the
model is deemed to have expired. If this occurs the INTRAC
can fall back on the “Reserve Model” which is a Program Track
using either IESS-412 or NORAD data. (see Reserve Model page 48)
* useful signal A useful signal is defined as one that varies sensibly during
antenna movements, is neither over or under range and the
beacon receiver is in lock.
Manual Manual Mode allows the operator to drive the antenna using
the Manual Control keys on the INTRAC front panel. It is
normally only used for small movements of the antenna such
as peaking when the position of the satellite is known with
close accuracy.
For larger antenna movements one of the Goto modes is faster
and where the satellite’s position is only roughly known search
is employed to peak the antenna.
There are two Manual Modes. Manual (P) Mode is manual
control from the front panel. Manual (A) Mode is manual
control from the Remote Terminal. (see section 9). The
antenna can be driven through North (Azimuth 0), in the
Northern Hemisphere, or South (Az 180), in the Southern
Hemisphere, only in Manual (P) Mode.
GotoThere are three Goto sub modes. Goto Position and Goto
Satellite provide a convenient method of driving the antenna to
a specific position. Search mode is the automatic scanning of
an area of sky for a satellite.
Goto Position In this mode the operator enters the co-ordinates and beacon
frequency of the required satellite and presses the enter key.
The entered co-ordinates are checked for validity (i.e. are they
strength is recorded and at the end of this phase the antenna is
driven to that position and the INTRAC enters Standby.
At this point the peak may be confirmed manually and/or
learning mode entered by selecting Auto New Model.
Remote Remote Mode transfers control of the INTRAC to a remote
terminal.
It is selected with Menu Key 6 (Select Remote) from the Home
menu. Once in Remote Mode only four functions are available
from the INTRAC front panel. The emergency stop switch will
inhibit the antenna drive as normal, the alarms can be
displayed, Standby Mode can be entered and control can be
returned to the front panel again with Menu Key 6 (Select
Local).
USING IESS-412 OR NORAD DATAThe INTRAC-305 can make use of Intelsat IESS-412 11-
parameter or NORAD ephemeris information in two ways.
1. The information can be used by the INTRAC to
generate an INTRAC model of the satellites orbit.
This model is then be used by the INTRAC as it would
use a model it had learnt itself. This means that there
is not the need for the 24hr learning period. The model
is then updated as any INTRAC model would be.
2. The INTRAC can
be commanded to Program Track using positions
calculated from the ephemeris data.
The IESS-412 and NORAD data sets can be entered either
manually from the INTRAC front panel or from a PC. A stand
alone program is available for loading the data file from a PC.
This program can be used alone or in conjunction with the
Remote Control Terminal RCM-4.
A description of this program is given the appendices.
The IESS-412 dataThe IESS-412 data set comprises 21 fields of data :- IESS Epoch Year range: 80 to 99 (20th century)
00 to 79 (21st century)
IESS Epoch Month range: 1 to 12
IESS Epoch Day range: 1 to 31
IESS Epoch Hour range: 0 to 32
IESS Epoch Minute range: 0 to 59
IESS Epoch Second range: 0 to 59
IESS Minutes Interval range: 0 to 59
IESS Days Validity range: 0 to 28
IESS Sat LM0 range: 0 to 360 deg
IESS Sat LM1 range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg/day
IESS Sat LM2 range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg/deg/day
IESS Sat LONC range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg
IESS Sat LONC1 range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg/day
IESS Sat LONS range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg
IESS Sat LONS1 range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg/day
IESS Sat LATC range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg
IESS Sat LATC1 range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg/day
IESS Sat LATS range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg
IESS Sat LATS1 range: -9.99 to 9.99 deg/day
IESS Sat LONG170 range: 0 to 360 deg
IESS Sat LAT170 range -9.99 to 9.99 deg/day
Also required to be set are the IESS Az & El offsets which are
input on the Function - System Setup - Station Coordinates
menu screen.
The IESS Epoch defines the time instant at the start of the
period of the IESS data. The IESS Minutes Interval defines the
period in minutes between pointing updates in Program Track
mode. The IESS Days Validity (normally 7) defines the period
of validity of the data. The INTRAC will accept and use the
data two days either side of the validity period.
The parameters IESS Sat (LM0, LM1, LM2, LONC, LONC1,
LONS, LONS1, LATC, LATC1, LATS, LATS1) are the IESS412 11-element ephemeris. The parameters IESS Sat
(LONG170, LAT170) are the IESS-412 11-element ephemeris
170hr parity check.
Note The data ranges shown above as +/- 9.99 actually accept more
than two places of decimals.
Note The LMO value is given in the range -180 to +180. The
INTRAC-305 cannot accept negative values for this field from
the front panel. (It can accept them from the RCM-4). It is
therefore necessary to add 360 to the supplied value if it is
negative when entering from the front panel. This only applies
to the LMO data field.
NORAD dataThe NORAD ephemeris data consists of a string of 166
characters. The first 160 characters are split into two “Card
Element Sets” of 80 characters each. The next two characters
(161 & 162) comprise the Minutes Interval and characters 163
& 164 comprise the Period of Validity of the ephemeris. The
final two characters (165 & 166) are the check sum.
There are ten blocks of orbital element parameters contained
in the NORAD ephemeris character string :-
Charas. Data Description
19 - 32 EPOCH format - YYDDD.DDDDDDDD
RAPID MODEL GENERATION The INTRAC-305 can use the IESS-412 or NORAD data to
build the satellite’s orbit model instead of having to learn the
orbit over a 24hr period.
The IESS-412 data is selected for the Rapid Model Generation
in the Models menu and ENTER pressed. The orbit model is
calculated and the INTRAC enters Tracking Mode.
For the NORAD data there are five choices of NORAD
algorithm. These are SGP, SGP4, SGP8, SDP4 & SDP8 and
each gives a slightly different Az/El pointing for the same
NORAD data.
SGP the original NORAD algorithm
SGP4 applies to Near Earth Orbits
SGP8 applies to Near Earth Orbits
SDP4 applies to Deep Space Orbits
SDP8 applies to Deep Space Orbits
Orbits are differentiated by their period. Those of less than 225
minutes are Near Earth Orbits and those of more then 225
minutes are Deep Space Orbits. Geostationary satellites are in
Deep Space Orbit.
It is assumed that the user know which algorithm applies to the
data to be used. However INTRAC will not allow a Near Earth
Orbit algorithm to be used with Deep Space Orbit data and
vice-versa.
The Basic algorithm available in the Rapid Model Generation
table is not of NORAD origin. It has none of the
embellishments found in the NORAD routines and is meant for
test purposes only.
Once the orbital model has been built using the ephemeris
data the INTRAC tracks the satellite from it and updates and
improves it over the following hours and days.
PROGRAM TRACKThe IESS-412 and NORAD data can also be used by INTRAC
to calculate the satellite’s path which is then used for a simple
Program Track operation.
The selections available in Models - program Track are the
same as are available in Rapid Model Generate. On selecting
the required algorithm and pressing ENTER the INTRAC
enters Program Track mode.
Program Track is an open loop method of tracking and as such
is unable to correct for any transducer errors or distortions to
the antenna caused by wind.
RESERVE MODELOnce the orbital model has been built the INTRAC tracks the
satellite extremely accurately by continuously monitoring the
satellite’s position and updating the model. When the beacon
signal is not present INTRAC can still track accurately by
predicting the satellite’s position from the model. However if
the beacon signal is lost for more than 72hrs INTRAC deems
the model to be no longer valid. In such a situation INTRAC
can fall back to a Reserve Model. This is a Program Track
model built from either the IESS-412 or the NORAD data. The
selection is made in Models - Reserve Model. Assuming the
appropriated data has been loaded and is valid INTRAC will
automatically fall back to this model when it can no longer
predict accurately.
CLEAR MODELSThe “Clear Models” menu is used to clear one or more of the
INTRAC Model, the IESS-412 Model or the NORAD model.
Clearing the INTRAC Model clears the current satellite model.
Selecting Auto Continue after this clearing will cause the
INTRAC to enter Learning Mode.
Clearing the IESS-412 or NORAD Models simply marks the
ephemeris data as being no longer valid. Selecting IESS-412
or NORAD for Rapid Model Generate or Program Track will
cause the menu to jump to the Edit IESS or NORAD data
menus for new data to be input. Also clearing the data will
mean that Reserve Model will not function.
ANTENNA MOTION LIMITSThe INTRAC-305 has user setable software limits to confine
the antenna movement. If a limit is reached in an automatic
mode drive is inhibited, the INTRAC emters Standby Mode, a
primary alarm is raised and the System Alarm indicator is
illuminated. The alarm may be viewed using the Show Alarms
menu.
The Soft Limits are set in the Configuration - Soft Limits menu.
Note In either Manual (P) or Manual (A) mode the antenna may be
driven through the soft limits with no warning.
AXES POSITIONResolver units are fitted to the driven axes of the antenna.
These units supply positional information to the INTRAC’s
resolver interface circuits.
Depending on the system “Extended Azimuth” or “EG-01”
and/or “Geared Pol” offsets may need to be set.
Fine Tune offsets may be set to calibrate the resolver outputs
to the actual antenna pointing angle.
TRACKING SIGNALAn L-band Integrated Beacon Receiver (IBR-L) is an option
with the INTRAC-305. When fitted this receiver is tuned to an
L-band frequency by the INTRAC based on the “Beacon
Frequency” set for the satellite. If the beacon frequency of the
satellite to be tracked is not in the L-band a Block Down
Converter will be required to convert the signal to L-band.
The calculation of the correct L-band frequency for the IBR-L is
performed automatically by the INTRAC for BDCs with
standard local Oscillator frequencies so that the beacon
frequency may be entered at the actual receive frequency.
Note If an IBR-L is not fitted the INTRAC requires a dc voltage level
which is proportional to the received signal strength from the
satellite.
IntroductionThe INTRAC-305 Intelligent Tracking Antenna Controller is a
direct physical replacement for the Andrew APC300 Antenna
Steptrack Controller. All that is required for the installation is
to remove the APC300 and replace it with the INTRAC-305
and then set-up the INTRAC-305 for the antenna system.
This section provides information on connections and set-up.
The INTRAC-305 requires that certain parameters be set and
certain information be input before it will be able to function
correctly. Some of this information can be obtained from the
APC300 but some will need to be obtained from other
sources. The chart below gives the parameters required by
the INTRAC-305. Four items under “Fitted Options” should
be set to “Not Fitted” (as indicated) as they are not applicable
to APC300 systems. For more information on these settings
see section 3-Operation of this manual.
Electrical supply voltage setting........... ________ volts
Az, El & Pol (if fitted) angles.............Az ____ El ____ Pol ___
Note Once the pointing angles are noted ensure that the antenna is not
moved.
Beacon Level............................................... ________ dB
Note All other pins of the 25 way connector are unused.
Note * In the INTRAC-305 only one external input is implemented.
As delivered this will be channel 1 (Primary Beacon). If it is
required to use channel 2 (Secondary Beacon) input instead,
the internal cable from connector J37 on the INTRAC
Interface pcb to the rear panel pcb connector J3 should be
moved to rear panel pcb connector J2.
Communication Ports There are three serial communication ports on the INTRAC-
305, “Remote Port”, “Test Port 1” and “Test Port 2”. The
Remote Port is configured for RS232/RS423. Test Port 1&
Test Port 2 can be independently configured as either RS423
or RS422.
The pin allocations for both are given in the tables below.
Remote Port
Note 1 All other pins of the 25 way connector are unused.
Note 2 RTS & CTS are linked via jumper J18.
Note 3 For remote operation the Advantech AMT Limited remote
Beacon Signal Connector When an IBR-L beacon receiver is fitted there will be a
“N-type” RF connector on the INTRAC rear panel. It is to this
that the beacon signal is connected.
Note 18Vdc may be connected to the inner connector of the N-type
in order to power the Block Down Converter.
The 18V can be removed from the “N” connector by power
connector J41 on the INTRAC Interface board.
Signal Strength InputWhere no IBR-L is fitted the INTRAC-305 requires a dc
voltage generated by an external receiver. This voltage must
be directly proportional to the received signal strength in dB.
The signal strength input is via a BNC connector on the
INTRAC rear panel.
Resolvers (pointing angles)Setting the INTRAC-305 for the antenna pointing angles is
achieved by use of the “Fine Tune” sense and offsets facility.
Fine Tune Sense is used to set the INTRAC for the rotational
direction of the resolvers. Fine Tune Offset is used to adjust
the resolver returned angle to the actual antenna pointing
angle. i.e., to compensate for any inaccuracy in the resolver
mounting.
Ensure that the “Fine Tune Sense” is set to true (see page
35) for both Az, El & Pol. Also clear the “Fine Tune Offsets”
(see page 36).
With the resolvers connected to the INTRAC-305 note down
the displayed Az, El and Pol antenna pointing angles
Put the INTRAC into Manual Mode. Fine Tune SenseDrive the antenna slowly in Az using the “drive right” key, note
whether the displayed angle increases or decreases. Return
the antenna to the original pointing angle. Drive the antenna
slowly in El using the “drive up” key, note whether the
displayed angle increases or decreases. Drive the antenna
polarisation slowly clockwise using the “drive right” key, note
whether the displayed angle increases or decreases.
For the axes where the displayed angle increased leave the
Fine Tune Sense set to true. For the axes where the
displayed angle decreased set the sense to false.
Fine Tune OffsetsUse the Fine Tune Offset facility to set the pointing angles to
those noted from the APC300 before it was disconnected.
Southern HemisphereSet-up in the Southern Hemisphere is the same as for the
Northern Hemisphere except that the antenna rotation will be
+/- 90 of North instead of +/- 90 of South.
Selection of Southern or Northern Hemisphere within the
INTRAC is automatic based on a positive or negative input for
Latitude in System Setup - Station Co-ordinates.
TRACKING SIGNAL INPUTThe tracking signal may be provided as a dc voltage from an
external receiver or from the optional IBR-L internal receiver.
WithIBR-LThe IBR-L requires a L-band beacon signal at a level within
the range -80dBm to -45dBm with a carrier to noise ratio
(C/No) of better than 40dBHz. To allow some margin for
exceptional propagation conditions we suggest that the
normal clear sky level when peaked on the satellite should be
in the range -70dBm to -50dBm. Severe signal fades will be
handled by the INTRAC algorithm entering Prediction mode
for the duration of the fade.
If the signal is greater than -50dBm attenuation must be
inserted and if it is lower than -80dBm a higher gain LNA/LNB
must be used.
An input level of -45dBm corresponds to a displayed level of
+25dB.
Note In some installations the LNA/LNB power is carried on the L-
band signal cable and special arrangements have to be made
to ensure continuity for the dc power when attenuation is
added in this cable.
Without IBR-L The tracking signal, provided from an external receiver, needs
to be a dc voltage between -10v and +10v. This voltage
should vary proportionally (in dBs) with the received signal
strength.
The INTRAC can be adjusted for a fixed offset and a
proportionality constant between 0.1v/dB and 1.0v/dB in
either polarity.
Setting offset & gainConnect a switchable attenuator in the IF feed to the tracking
(beacon) receiver.
Connect the dc tracking signal to the INTRAC Signal Strength
Input BNC.
Remove the top cover to the INTRAC-305.
Link J31 and potentiometers R12 & R55 are used in the set-
up.
Link J31 can be changed for -ve or +ve polarity signals.
R12 adjusts the gain of the tracking signal buffer.
R55 adjusts the offset.
Set the switchable attenuator to 0 dB.
Adjust R55 so that the signal level displayed on the
INTRAC-305 is between -10dB and +20dB.
Adjust R12 so that 2dB attenuation of the receiver IF signal
Finally adjust R55 to read +20dB when the maximum clear
sky tracking signal is being received.
Note It may be necessary to adjust the links J31 depending on the
polarity of the tracking signal. The link options are both links
should be either vertical or horizontal.
OPERATIONAL CHECKS
Manual Operation This test checks the operation of the motor drives and limit
switches.
Ensure that all limit and interlock switches are in the normal
operating condition.
Switch on the INTRAC. If the System Alarm indicator
illuminates press the Standby key. If it remains illuminated
view the Show Alarms display to what is causing the alarm.
Take the necessary action to clear the cause(s) of the alarm.
Select Manual (P) Mode from the New Mode menu.
Using the Manual Control keys drive the antenna to the full
extent of its travel in each direction. Confirm that the antenna
actually moves in the required direction. Check that when a
limit switch is reached the motor stops and the System Alarm
indicator illuminates.
Note Only one Manual Control key should be pressed at one time
and it should be fully released before pressing another control
key.
If a Dual Speed Motor Drive Cabinet is fitted check that the
“FAST” key operates correctly. Pressing the “FAST” key
when pressing a Manual Control key should latch fast drive in
the required direction. Pressing any Manual Key when in
latched Fast Drive should have no effect. Pressing the Fast
key again should remove drive.
Emergency Stop CheckCheck the operation of the front panel Emergency Stop
switch by pressing it when one or more motor’s is running.
Ensure that the motor(s) stop and will not re-start until the
Disconnect the two lamp wires from the orange connector at
the front corner of the Interface PCB. Disconnect the LCD
panel flex cable from Connector J64 on the Interface PCB.
Remove the four screws which hold the INTRAC front panel
to the sides and drop down the front panel. Remove the four
nuts which hold the display assembly to the front panel and
remove the display unit from the front panel. Lay it face down
on a soft surface.
Press down on the centre of the two retainers (see diagrams)
Turn the display face up. Remove the retainer pins. Remove
the metal cover.
Turn the display face down on a soft surface. Gently slide the
backlight unit from the display unit. (see diagram)
Remove the three tapes which secure the lamp reflector.
Remove the lamp and wire assembly.
Install new lamp and wire assembly.
Wrap reflector sheet around lamp.
Replace securing tapes to secure reflector.
Turn unit face up and ensure that backlight is free from
contamination - dust may be blown free.
Slide backlight into display unit.
Replace metal cover over backlight.
Replace retainers, press centre to secure.
Locate display unit over the four studs and fit the nuts.
Re-fit INTRAC front panel to side panels, reconnect flex cable
and lamp wires.
Replace INTRAC top cover, reconnect power, switch on and
verify that the lamp illuminates.
Some, or all, front panel The six menu keys, the numerical keypad and the manual
keys do not function control keys are all connected in a matrix. There are three
supply lines to the matrix and eight return lines. If any one of
these lines fails at least three keys will cease to function. The
fault may be the ribbon cable to J27 (Interface PCB), the
connectors or the Interface PCB itself.
If only one key does not function the fault will be with that key
and the front panel PCB will have to be replaced. This board
is held on the front panel by six threaded studs. Disconnect
the ribbon cable and the emergency stop switch (note which
wire goes to which terminal). Remove the six nuts and lift the
PCB off the studs.
Emergency Stop Switch FailsPressing the front panel emergency stop switch should cause
the System Alarm indicator to illuminate and the INTRAC to
enter Standby Mode.
The switch consists of two normally closed (N.C.) contacts
pressing the switch opens both sets of contacts. The switch
connects to the Interface PCB through the front panel PCB
and the ribbon cable. If the switches are OK and there is
continuity to connector J27 on the Interface board the fault is
on that board.
Pointing Angles IncorrectThe resolvers consist of three coils two of which move with
respect to the third. A continuous signal is sent from the
INTRAC to the fixed coil and is induced into the other two
coils. The amount of induction in each coil is dependant on
the respective position of the coils.
The signal sent from the INTRAC is the same for all
resolvers.
angles constantly varyingConstantly changing angles is caused by noise on the two
return signal lines. This implies that the source signal is not
present in the resolver. For one angle (i.e. Az, El or Pol) to
be changing either the circuit to the resolver is broken or the
If all the angles are changing the fault is on the Interface
PCB.
wrong angle displayedIf the displayed angle changes to be near 0 or 90 it is
probable that one of the two return signal circuits from the
resolver is broken or the resolver itself is faulty.
If the displayed angle changes to any angle other than near
0 or 90 the fault is on the Interface PCB.
angle doesn’t change If the displayed angle doesn’t change when the antenna is when antenna is moved being driven first ensure that the antenna is actually moving in
the relevant plane. Select Manual Mode and drive the
antenna in the appropriate direction and either check that the
beacon level changes or actually look at the antenna.
If the antenna moves but the displayed angle does not
change the problem is the connection of the resolver to the
antenna.
No Antenna DriveCheck that the LEDs in the Manual Control keys illuminate
when antenna drive is commanded. If not the fault is on the
Interface PCB.
The Motor Controls connector (50-way D-type) on INTRAC
rear panel outputs +12v and ground to for each drive signal.
The +12v and ground levels are switched to the approriate
pins of the connector by relays. One relay switches +12v for
all Az drive commands, another does so for all El drive
commands and a third for Pol drive. The ground level is
switched by changeover relays, one does Az West or East,
another Az Fast or Slow, another El Down or Up, another El
Fast or Slow and another for Pol CCW or CW.
The table below indicates across which two pins of the 50
way connector there should be 12v for each drive condition.
example Elevation Up Fast - there should be 12v across pins 23 & 6
(El Up) and across 24 & 7 (El Fast).
If the drive signals from the INTRAC are correct the fault lies
with the Motor Drive Cabinet, the antenna drive motors or the
intervening wiring.
WARRANTYAdvantech AMT Limited warrants the INTRAC-305 Antenna
Control Unit, the (optional) IBR-L integral L-band beacon
receiver and other associated products designed,
manufactured and supplied by Advantech AMT Limited for a
period of 365 days from the date of delivery.
The liability of Advantech AMT Limited under this warranty
shall be limited to repair or replacement of defective units or
parts thereof, at Advantech’s option, which are returned,
carriage and insurance paid, to Advantech AMT Limited, 39
Edison Road, St.Ives, Cambridgeshire, PE27 3LF, England.
The returned unit(s) must be accompanied by a document
declaring that the equipment is returned for repair under
warranty and describing clearly and fully the reason for the
return of the unit.
Subject to the unit being eligible for warranty repair
Advantech AMT Limited will effect the repair and return the
unit by pre-paid shipment to the originating location. Subject
to the shipment charges being the same as, or less than, that
to the original location the unit may be shipped to some other
location as the customer may specify.
Under no circumstances shall Advantech AMT Limited be
liable for any consequential or incidental costs or damage.
ExclusionsThis warranty does not apply to any equipment which has
been damaged through abuse, accident (such as lightning
strike), negligence or failure to comply with Advantech AMT
Ltd instructions for storage, installation and use as contained
in the equipment manual(s).
Except as specifically provided above Advantech AMT
Limited makes no warranties, expressed or implied, as to the
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
REPAIR SERVICEAdvantech AMT Limited will provide a repair service for all
equipment manufactured by Advantech AMT Limited for a
period of ten (10) years.
Returning equipment for repairPrior to the return of any equipment for repair, whether under
warranty or by payment, Advantech AMT Limited must be
contacted. The purpose of this contact is to discuss the
problem and confirm that equipment needs to be returned.
Also to agree the most effective solution to the problem and
to discuss the method of return in order to avoid unnecessary
duties and ensure that the packing is adequate to protect the
equipment during shipment.
The cost of returning the equipment to Advantech AMT
Limited will be paid by the customer.
Repairs not under warrantyRepairs to equipment not under warranty will be paid for by
the customer. On receipt of the defective unit Advantech