Advanced 3300 User manual
The Advanced® Micro-Osmometer
Model 3300
User’s Guide
3305 Rev20 051109
Copyright
This user’s guide is copyrighted by Advanced Instruments, Inc. with all
rights reserved. Under copyright laws, this guide may not be reproduced
in any form, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of
Advanced Instruments.
© 2002 Advanced Instruments, Inc.
Windows
®
is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the
United States and other countries. Intel®is a registered trademark of
Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries. All other
trademarks are the property of Advanced Instruments, Inc.
Advanced Instruments has reviewed this guide thoroughly. All material
contained within is believed reliable, but the accuracy and completeness
are not guaranteed or warranted, and are not intended to be representations or warranties concerning the product described.
Hot-Line®Service
If you have any questions or problems regarding the proper operation of
your instrument, please contact our Hot-Line Service department:
• 800-225-4034 (toll-free within the USA and Canada)
• +US 781-320-9000 (elsewhere)
• 781-320-0811 (fax)
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Parts & Accessories v
Calibrators & Standards vii
Safe Use ix
Symbol conventions ix
General cautions x
Foreword: Theory and Technique xiii
Chapter 1 — Installation & Setup 1
Step 1 — Find a location for your instrument 1
Step 2 — Unpack your instrument 1
Step 3 — Obtain additional items 2
Step 4 — Power up your instrument 2
Step 5 — Set your date and time 4
Step 6 — Check your initial calibration 4
Step 7 — Proceed to instrument operation 5
Figure 1: Model 3300 Micro-Osmometer and Accessories 3
Table 1: Model 3300 Micro-Osmometer Packing List 3
Chapter 2 — Instrument Operation 7
Hazardous material cautions 7
Function of major components 7
Sample handling 12
Standards & controls 12
Sample test procedure 13
Sample test errors 14
Recall results 15
Repeatability tips 15
Statistics 16
iii
Changing operating settings 17
Using a barcode scanner with the Model 3300 20
Using a printer with the Model 3300 21
Using the Model 3300’s RS-232 port 21
Instrument software update 22
Figure 2: Model 3300 Components and Controls 8
Figure 3: Model 3300 Back Panel 10
Figure 4: Sample Cell Tips and Sample Levels 13
Table 2: Barcode Port Connections 11
Chapter 3 — Calibration 23
Calibration procedure 23
Calibration notes 24
Chapter 4 — Troubleshooting & Service 27
Service & maintenance cautions 27
Obtaining service 29
Troubleshooting checks 30
Internal diagnostics 30
Fuse replacement 34
Chamber cleaning 35
Sample plunger replacement and calibration 36
Figure 5: Fuse Replacement 35
Figure 6: Sample Plunger Replacement and Calibration 37
Appendices
Appendix A: Troubleshooting Table 39
Appendix B: Product Specifications 45
Appendix C: Regulatory Notices 47
Appendix D: Warranty and Warranty Duties 51
Appendix E: Supplemental RS-232 Information 55
Appendix F: Symbol Definitions 57
Appendix G: Service Log 61
Index 63
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Parts & Accessories
v
To order parts and accessories, contact the Advanced
Instruments Customer Service Department:
• 800-225-4034 (toll-free within the USA and Canada)
• +US 781-320-9000 (elsewhere)
• 781-320-3669 (fax)
PART DESCRIPTION
20-µL Sampler
Replacement Sample Probe
Micro-Sample Test Kit (500 tests)
Sampler Plunger Wires (2)
Thermal Printer with Interface Cable, Operation Manual,
Thermal Paper Roll, and Printer Power Supply (100-120
VAC)
Thermal Printer with Interface Cable, Operation Manual,
Thermal Paper Roll, and Printer Power Supply (230 VAC)
Printer Paper (5 rolls)
User’s Guide
Service Manual
Serial Cable
Software Upgrade*
Barcode Scanner
PART NO.
3M0825
330700
3MA800
3M0828
210555_NA
210555_EU
3D3835
3305
3305SM
RS232-Cable
330990
330016
* Note: 330990 upgrade kit comes with a 3-meter serial cable #330053.
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Notes:
vii
Calibrators & Standards
To order calibrators and standards, contact the Advanced
Instruments Customer Service Department:
• 800-225-4034 (toll-free within the USA and Canada)
• +US 781-320-9000 (elsewhere)
• 781-320-3669 (fax)
DESCRIPTION
ClinitrolTMReference Solution (10 2-mL ampules)
Protinol®3-Level Protein Control Kit (9 3-mL bottles, 3 of
each level)
Renol™ Urine Osmolality Controls (2 levels)
5-Value Osmolality Linearity Set (10 5-mL ampules, 2 of
each value)
50 mOsm/kg Calibration Standard (10 2-mL ampules)
850 mOsm/kg Calibration Standard (10 2-mL ampules)
P ART NO.
3MA029
3MA028
3LA085
3LA028
3MA005
3MA085
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Notes:
Safe Use
To reduce the risk of bodily injury, electric shock, fire, and
damage to your instrument, please read and observe the precautions in this User’s Guide.
• If the product is used in a manner not in accordance with the
equipment design, operating instructions or manufacturer's
recommendations, the operation of the product may be
impaired to the extent that a safety hazard is created.
• Do not attempt to perform electrical work if you are not fully
qualified. This manual is not a substitute for electrical training.
Symbol conventions
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is
intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature
accompanying this product.
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of
uninsulated dangerous voltage within the product's enclosure
that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute risk of electric shock to persons.
The static symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to
alert the user to the presence of internal components that
could be damaged by static electricity.
This static symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of a specific component that could be damaged by static electricity.
ix
This symbol indicates the presence of alternating current (AC).
This symbol indicates the presence of a fuse.
This symbol indicates the presence of protective earth ground.
General cautions
• This product should be operated only with the type of power source
indicated on the product’s electrical ratings label. Refer to the installation instructions included with the product.
• If the power cord provided is replaced for any reason or if an alternate cord is used, the cord must be approved for use in the local
country. The power cord must be approved for the product’s listed
operating voltage and be rated at least 20% greater than the ampere
ratings marked on the product’s electrical ratings label. The cord
end that connects to the product must have an IEC 60320 connector.
• Plug the product into an approved grounded electrical outlet.
• Do not disable the power cord’s grounding plug.
• If an extension cord or power strip is used, make sure that the cord
or strip is rated for the product, and that the total ampere ratings of
all products plugged into the extension cord or strip do not exceed
80% of the cord’s or strip’s rating limit.
• Route power cords so that they will not be walked on, tripped on, or
pinched by items placed upon or against them. Pay particular attention to the plug, electrical outlet, and the point where the cord exits
the product.
• Do not pull on cords and cables. When unplugging cords or cables,
grasp the corresponding connector.
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
• Do not install or use this product in any area subject to extreme
short-term temperature variations, or locations that exceed the specified operating environment temperatures.
• Never use this product in a wet area.
• To avoid injury or fire hazard, do not operate this product in an
explosive atmosphere.
• Do not install or use the product on an unstable, non-level work surface.
• Do not operate this product with the covers removed or unsecured.
xi
Safe Use
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Notes:
Foreword
xiii
Intended Use
Advanced®Osmometers use the technique of freezing-point
depression to measure osmolality. Osmolality is the total solute
concentration of an aqueous solution. Osmometers measure the
number of solute particles irrespective of molecular weight or
ionic charge. This information is useful to the following disciplines:
Clinical, emergency and sports medicine
Medical research
Biotechnology and pharmaceutical research and
manufacturing
Food and beverage manufacturing
Environmental research and monitoring
Academic research
Industrial applications
When used by a trained operator in clinical applications, the
osmometer provides results that assist in establishing the proper
diagnoses and treatments for patients with disorders involving
water and electrolyte imbalances. Osmometers will test virtually any biological fluid including, but not limited to, whole
blood, plasma, urine, feces, sweat, and tissue homogenate.
Operation of the instrument is deemed to be low-complexity
under CLIA and FDA guidelines.
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Principles of Freezing-Point Osmometry
When a solute is dissolved in a pure solvent, the following changes in
the solution's properties occur:
• the freezing point is depressed,
• boiling point is raised,
• osmotic pressure is increased, and
• vapor pressure is lowered.
These are the so-called "colligative" or concentrative properties of the
solution which, within reasonable limits, change in direct proportion to
the solute concentration; in other words, the number of particles in solution.
Of the colligative properties, measurement of the freezing point allows
the concentration of an aqueous solution to be easily determined with
great precision.
The freezing point of pure H
2
O is precisely +0.010°C. One mole of a
non-dissociating solute such as glucose (where the solute does not dissociate into ionic species, but remains intact), when dissolved in 1 kilogram (kg) of water will depress the freezing point by 1.858°C. This
change is known as the freezing point depression constant for water.
The freezing point depression also depends upon the degree of dissociation of the solute. If the solute is ionic, the freezing point is depressed
by 1.858°C for each ionic species. For example, if one mole of sodium
chloride were to completely dissociate into two ionic species (Na+ and
Cl-) in 1 kg of water, the freezing point would be depressed by
3.716°C. However, dissociation is never complete. Interference
between solute molecules reduces dissociation by a factor called the
osmotic coefficient.
xv
In a simple solution such as glucose or sodium chloride in water, the
freezing point can be measured and the unit concentration easily determined from an equation or a reference table. However, the equation is
unique for each solute. In a more complex solution, all ionized and
non-dissociated species contribute to the freezing-point depression and
the concentration of each solute cannot be easily determined.
Each of the colligative properties has a similar problem, and though
each of the colligative properties changes in direct proportion to the
solute concentration, each requires a different mode & unit of measurement. Osmolality is a common unit of concentration measurement that
can be used to relate all the colligative properties to each other, and to
other concentration units. Because of its universality, most osmometry
applications regularly use osmolality, expressed as "mOsm/kg H2O", as
the common unit of concentration rather than applying further conversion factors.
Instrumentation
Advanced Osmometers are devices for the determination of the concentration of solutions by means of freezing-point measurement.
Advanced Osmometers utilize high-precision thermometers to sense the
sample temperature, to control the degree of supercooling and freeze
induction, and to measure the freezing point of the sample. They can
routinely determine differences of ±1 mOsm/kg H
2
O.
Freezing-Point Thermodynamics
The quickest and most precise way to measure the freezing point of a
solution is to supercool it several degrees below its freezing point. It is
unstable in this state, and a mechanical agitation induces crystallization.
The heat of fusion suddenly liberated causes the sample temperature to
rise toward a plateau temperature, where a liquid/solid equilibrium
occurs. The equilibrium temperature is, by definition, the freezing point
Foreword
of the solution. Managing the plateau temperature for precise measurement is the basis for several patents issued to Augustus Fiske.
The time over which liquid/solid equilibrium develops and is maintained, is a function of the speed with which the heat-of-fusion is liberated vs. the speed it is transferred away, or absorbed, by the surrounding
environment. This ratio can be slowed and the equilibrium time
stretched, to give a distinct plateau height measurable to 0.001°C.
Sensitive thermistor probes monitor the sample temperature and control
the thermoelectric cooling element. Microprocessor control and automated operation minimize imprecision due to operator technique.
The following Standard Freezing Curve illustrates the temperature of a
sample as it progresses through the freezing cycle and shows the action
of the instrument at each stage of the cycle.
Definitions
Solution: Ahomogeneous mixture of solute and solvent in which the
solvent is usually the major component, and the solute is the minor
component.
Concentration: The ratio of solute to a given amount of solvent
(molal), or ratio of solute to solution (molar).
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Standard Freezing Curve
The amount of solute is usually expressed in terms of moles, i.e., gram
molecular weights. One mole = 6.028 x 10
23
molecules (Avogadro's
number). One mole of glucose (180.2 g) and one mole of sodium chloride (58.4 g) each contain Avogadro's number of molecules.
Common units of concentration are:
• Molality: Moles of solute per kilogram of pure solvent.
• Osmolality: Osmols of solute particles per kilogram of pure sol-
vent. As noted above, most ionic solutes do not completely dissociate. Osmolality is a unit of concentration that takes into
account the dissociative effect. Osmolality is usually expressed
in mOsm/kg H
2
O. One milliosmol (mOsm) is 10-3osmols.
Osmolality is defined as:
where:
ø = osmotic coefficient, which accounts for the degree of mole-
cular dissociation.
n = number of particles into which a molecule can dissociate.
C = molal concentration of the solution.
• Molarity: Moles of solute per liter of solution.
• Osmolarity: Osmols of solute particles per liter of solution.
Although molarity and osmolarity may be common units of
measurement in other branches of chemistry, they are not used in
osmometry because the ratio of solute to solution is not linear.
Molality and osmolality are linear, independent of the effect of
temperature and volume displaced by solute. Acalculated conversion between units of molality and molarity is complex and
generally unnecessary when the terms are properly understood.
xvii
Foreword
OHkg
osmol
nCOsmolality
2
==
φ
Freezing Point/Melting Point: The temperature at which the liquid
and solid phases of a substance will remain together in equilibrium.
Freezing-Point Depression: When a solute is added to a solvent, the
freezing point of the solvent is lowered. In aqueous solutions, one
mOsm of solute per kilogram of water depresses the freezing point by
1.858 millidegrees Celsius (m°C).
Supercooling: The tendency of a substance to remain in the liquid state
when cooled below its freezing point.
Crystallization Temperature: Aqueous solutions can be induced to
freeze (i.e., crystallize) most reliably when supercooled. When supercooled, agitating the solution (freeze pulse) induces crystal formation.
The crystallization temperature is the temperature at which crystallization is induced. During crystallization, the heat of fusion raises the temperature of the sample to an ice/water freezing-point plateau.
Heat of Fusion: The heat released when the mobile molecules of a liquid are frozen into rigid ice crystals.
Freezing-Point Plateau: The constant temperature maintained during
the time that ice and liquid exist in isothermal equilibrium after crystallization occurs.
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
1
Installation & Setup
In order to set up your instrument properly, it is important that
you read and follow the steps in this section. Please follow these
steps carefully and be sure to read Chapter 2 — Instrument
Operation before attempting to run tests on your instrument.
Step 1 — Find a location for your instrument
When choosing a location for your new osmometer, be sure to
meet the following criteria.
• Adequate space. The dimensions of the instrument are 13
× 10.5 × 15.5 inches (26.7 × 33 × 39.4 cm). Be sure to keep
your workplace free of debris, especially near the front of
the instrument where proper ventilation is needed.
• Electric outlet availability.Your instrument will need to
operate within five feet of a properly grounded, three-prong
electrical outlet capable of continuously supplying 1 ampere
at 200-250V to 1.25 amperes at 100-130V. If the instrument
is not grounded properly, its operation may be impaired and
a safety hazard may exist. Therefore, be sure to test the outlet and record the results before operating your instrument.
Step 2 — Unpack your instrument
To unpack your osmometer, take the following steps.
a. Carefully unpack your osmometer, accessories and supplies
and inspect them for shipping damage. Use the enclosed
packing list to verify that all items have been received.
1
b. Save your osmometer's shipping boxes and packaging material in
case future transport of the instrument becomes necessary.
c. If any item on the packing list appears to be missing from your ship-
ment, please search carefully through and under all packing materials. If the item is not found, notify your receiving department immediately. Advanced Instruments can only be responsible for items
reported missing within 10 days of a shipment’s arrival.
d. If you receive any damaged items, save the cartons and packing
material those items came in for inspection by the insurer. The carrier, dealer, and Advanced Instruments must be notified within 24
hours in order for your warranty and insurance to apply. Have the
transportation company inspect items, fill out a “Report of Concealed
Damage,” and file your claim. Then, notify Advanced Instruments
immediately for repair or replacement.
e. Fill out the postage-paid “(U.S.A. Only)” warranty card enclosed.
Mark the appropriate boxes if you wish to receive additional information. Customers outside of the United States may fax the warranty
card to 781-320-8181.
Step 3 — Obtain additional items
Soft, no-lint, non-ionic paper tissues are needed for wiping the sample
cells prior to testing. Please be sure that you have an adequate supply on
hand before attempting to run tests on your instrument.
Step 4 — Power up your instrument
Turn your instrument on by pushing the rocker-style power switch on
the instrument’s back panel into the on ( | ) position.
Each time your instrument is turned on, it automatically runs a oneminute setup and self-diagnostic program. During these diagnostics, your
display and printer (if in use) display critical instrument information, such
as software version and block and sample probe bin numbers. The first
time you power up your osmometer, record the software revision and
Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
2
3
Figure 1: Model 3300 Micro-Osmometer and Accessories
Quantity
Part No. Description
1 3300 The Advanced®Model 3300 Micro-Osmometer
1 pack 3MA029 Clinitrol
™
290 mOsm/kg Reference Solution
(ten 2 mL ampules)
1 pack 3MA005 50 mOsm/kg Calibration Standard (ten 2 mL
ampules)
1 pack 3MA085 850 mOsm/kg Calibration Standard (ten 2 mL
ampules)
1 kit 3MA800 Micro-Sample Kit: includes 500 disposable
sample cells (tips) and 500 chamber cleaners
2 3D3185 Operator/Supervisor Keys
1 3MO825 20-µL Sampler
1 Power Cord (as specified)
1 90P01 Advanced
®
User Information CD-ROM
1 3305 User’s Guide
1 3305-6 Warranty Card
1 3D3P021 Customer Satisfaction Card
Table 1: Model 3300 Micro-Osmometer Packing List
Installation & Setup
block and sample probe bin numbers in the Service Log at the end of this
user’s guide. Maintaining a record of this information will facilitate any
necessary service.
When the self-diagnostics have been completed and the instrument is
ready for testing, the display reads “Osmometer Ready”.
NOTE To avoid any misunderstanding that might arise due to an
unfamiliar display language, all displayed messages may be
changed from English to several other languages. (For language selection instructions, see Chapter 2.)
CAUTION If a power interruption occurs, turn the instrument off at
once. Leave it turned off for at least 5 seconds after power
has been restored (even if power restoration is immediate).
Step 5 — Set your date and time
If you wish, you may now change your date and time settings by using
the instructions found on page 17 of this user ’s guide.
Step 6 — Check your initial calibration
Your instrument has been carefully calibrated by the manufacturer, but
to verify that this calibration is accurate within your operating environment, run tests on the 290 mOsm/kg reference solution and/or Protinol
®
biological controls before testing samples. The number and type of tests
that you run should be determined by your own laboratory’s standard
protocol. Use the operating technique described in Chapter 2 when running these controls.
If you determine that the initial calibration is incorrect, re-calibrate as
described in Chapter 3.
NOTE If your Model 3300 has just been moved from a different loca-
tion, it should be allowed to warm up for 20 to 30 minutes
before you run calibration verification tests.
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Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Step 7 — Proceed to instrument operation
If you have followed the steps outlined in this chapter, your instrument
is ready for use. To learn how to operate your instrument, read the next
chapter, “Instrument Operation”. We strongly recommend that you read
the entire second chapter before attempting to operate your osmometer.
5
Installation & Setup
6
Advanced®Micro-Osmometer Model 3300 User’s Guide
Notes:
2
Instrument Operation
In order to run your instrument properly, it is important that
you read and adhere to the instructions in this section. For
information on calibration, see Chapter 3 — Calibration.
Hazardous material cautions
• WARNING: Handle all biohazardous materials according to
established good laboratory practices and follow your institution’s exposure control plan. Persons handling human blood
and body fluid samples must be trained in blood-borne hazards and observe universal precautions. Universal precautions
is an approach to infection control, where all human blood and
body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious. Use personal protective equipment such as gloves, gowns, etc., to prevent exposure. Store biohazardous materials in regulated waste
containers and dispose of these materials in a safe and acceptable manner that is in compliance with all country, state and
local requirements.
• If a biohazardous material is spilled on or inside the equip-
ment, decontaminate the equipment using a 1% bleach solution, or as outlined by those policies and procedures established within your institution.
• To avoid injury or fire hazard, do not operate this product in
an explosive atmosphere.
Function of major components
The major components of the Model 3300 Micro-Osmometer
are an operating cradle; a sample port to precisely position
each sample for the osmolality test; a high-precision thermistor
7
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