204/2007Updated for new card configuration (Fiber Interface Controller replaces Synchronous Interface Card).
TRADEMARK INFORMATION
Digivance is a registered trademark of ADC Telecommunications, Inc.
ADC is a trademark of ADC Telecommunications, Inc.
DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
Expanded to include NXD descriptions and settings. Updated for other general changes in format and
content.
Contents herein are current as of the date of publication. ADC reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice. In no
event shall ADC be liable for any damages resulting from loss of data, loss of use, or loss of profits and ADC further
disclaims any and all liability for indirect, incidental, special, consequential or other similar damages. This disclaimer of
liability applies to all products, publications and services during and after the warranty period.
This publication may be verified at any time by contacting ADC’s Technical Assistance Center at 1-800-366-3891, extension 73475
(in U.S.A. or Canada) or 952-917-3475 (outside U.S.A. and Canada), or by e-mail to connectivity_tac@adc.com.
Page ii
ADC Telecommunications, Inc.
P.O. Box 1101, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1101
In U.S.A. and Canada: 1-800-366-3891
Outside U.S.A. and Canada: (952) 938-8080
Fax: (952) 917-1717
• A description of the CXD/NXD system Radio Access Node (RAN);
• Installation procedures for the RAN;
• Maintenance procedures for the RAN;
• Product support information.
Procedures for installing and operating other CXD/NXD system components including the
system “Hub” and the EMS software that provides a user interface for the system, are available
in other ADC publications, listed under “Related Publications” below, and at appropriate points
within this manual.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
ADCP-75-192 • Issue 2 • June 2007 • Preface
Listed below are related manuals, their content, and their publication numbers. Copies of these
publications can be ordered by contacting the Technical Assistance Center at 1-800-366-3891,
extension 73476 (in U.S.A. or Canada) or 952-917-3476 (outside U.S.A. and Canada). All ADC
technical publications are available for downloading from the ADC web site at www.adc.com.
Title/DescriptionADCP Number
Digivance CXD/NXD Hub Installation and Maintenance Manual75-193
Provides instructions for installing and operating the CXD/NXD system Hub.
Digivance CXD/NXD SNMP Agent and Fault Isolation User Guide 75-195
Describes how to troubleshoot the system using the objects accessed through
the CXD/NXD system SNMP agents.
Digivance CXD/NXD Element Management System User Manual75-199
Provides instructions for installing and using the Element Management System
(EMS) software for the CXD/NXD system.
Digivance NXD Multi-Band Distributed Antenna System Operation Manual75-209
Provides instructions for turning up and operating NXD equipment.
2 in. O.D. Quad Cellular/PCS Omni-Directional Antenna Installation Manual75-215
Provides instructions for installing an RF antenna for the CXD/NXD system
9 in. O.D. Quad Cellular/PCS Omni-Directional Antenna Installation Manual75-221
Provides instructions for installing an RF antenna for the CXD/NXD system
Important safety admonishments are used throughout this manual to warn of possible hazards to
persons or equipment. An admonishment identifies a possible hazard and then explains what
may happen if the hazard is not avoided. The admonishments — in the form of Dangers,
Warnings, and Cautions — must be followed at all times.
These warnings are flagged by use of the triangular alert icon (seen below), and are listed in
descending order of severity of injury or damage and likelihood of occurrence.
Danger: Danger is used to indicate the presence of a hazard that will cause severe personal
injury, death, or substantial property damage if the hazard is not avoided.
Warn i ng: Warning is used to indicate the presence of a hazard that can cause severe personal
injury, death, or substantial property damage if the hazard is not avoided.
Caution: Caution is used to indicate the presence of a hazard that will or can cause minor
personal injury or property damage if the hazard is not avoided.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
-
Warn i ng: Wet conditions increase the potential for receiving an electrical shock when
installing or using electrically-powered equipment. To prevent electrical shock, never install or
use electrical equipment in a wet location or during a lightning storm.
Danger: This equipment uses a Class 1 Laser according to FDA/CDRH rules. Laser radiation
can seriously damage the retina of the eye. Do not look into the ends of any optical fiber. Do not
look directly into the optical transceiver of any digital unit or exposure to laser radiation may
result. An optical power meter should be used to verify active fibers. A protective cap or hood
MUST be immediately placed over any radiating transceiver or optical fiber connector to avoid
the potential of dangerous amounts of radiation exposure. This practice also prevents dirt
particles from entering the adapter or connector.
Caution: This system is a RF Transmitter and continuously emits RF energy. Maintain 3 foot
(91.4 cm) minimum clearance from the antenna while the system is operating. Wherever
possible, shut down the RAN before servicing the antenna.
Caution: Always allowsufficientfiberlengthtopermitroutingofpatchcordsandpigtails
without severe bends. Fiber optic patch cords or pigtails may be permanently damaged if bent
or curved to a radius of less than 2 inches (5.1 cm).
Caution: Exterior surfaces of the RAN may be hot. Use caution during servicing.
The Digivance CXD/NXD antenna, which is mounted on top of a pole, radiates radio frequency
energy.
For the occupational worker, safe working distance from the antenna depends on the workers
location with respect to the antenna and the number of wireless service providers being serviced
by that antenna.
Emission limits are from OET Bulletin 65 Edition 97-01, Table 1 A.
STANDARDS CERTIFICATION
FCC: The Digivance CXD/NXD complies with the applicable sections of Title 47 CFR Part
15, 22, 24 and 90.
The Digivance CXD/NXD Hub has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to
radio communications.
ADCP-75-192 • Issue 2 • June 2007 • Preface
Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer or registrant of this
equipment can void your authority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications
Commissions rules.
In order to maintain compliance with FCC regulations, shielded cables must be used with this
equipment. Operation with non-approved equipment or unshielded cables is likely to result in
interference to radio & television reception.
ETL: This equipment complies with ANSI/UL 60950-1 Information Technology Equipment.
This equipment provides the degree of protection specified by IP24 as defined in IEC
Publication 529. Ethernet signals are not for outside plant use.
FDA/CDRH: This equipment uses a Class 1 LASER according to FDA/CDRH
product conforms to all applicable standards of 21 CFR Part 1040.
IC: This equipment complies with the applicable sections of RSS-131. The term “IC:” before
the radio certification number only signifies that Industry Canada Technical Specifications
were met.
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The acronyms and abbreviations used in this manual are detailed in the following list:
BIMBase Station Interface Module
BTSBase Transceiver Station
CCentigrade
CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health
C/MCPLRCellular SMR Multicoupler
CMCentimeter
cPCICompactPCI
CPUCentral Processing Unit
CWDMCoarse Wave Division Multiplex
CXDCompact RAN
DASDistributed Antenna System
DHCPDynamic Host Configuration Protocol
dB(FS)decibals (Full Scale – digital reading)
DCDirect Current
DIFDigital Intermediate Frequency
DivDiversity
EMSElement Management System
ESDElectrostatic Discharge
FFahrenheit
FBHDCFull Band Hub Down Converter
FDAU.S. Food and Drug Administration
FCCU.S. Federal Communications Commission
FICFiber Interface Controller
FSCForward Simulcast Card
GPSGlobal Positioning System
DivDiversity
HUCHub Up Converter
IFIntermediate Frequency
INInch
IPInternet Protocol
KGKilogram
LEDLight Emitting Diode
LSELocation Services Equipment
LV DLow Voltage Disconnect
MHzMega Hertz
MIBManagement Information Base
MTBFMean Time Between Failure
MUXMultiplexer
NIPRNetwork IP Receiver
DivDiversity
NMSNetwork Management System
NXDDigivance Neutral Host Product Line
This section provides an overview of the Digivance CXD/NXD system intended for someone
configuring system parameters (referred to as “objects” in the software used). This overview
includes a general description of the physical components and a more detailed description of the
software components because the tasks in this manual involve mostly the software components.
1.1General Description
The Digivance CXD/NXD is an RF signal transport system providing long-range RF coverage
in areas where it is impractical to place a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) at the antenna site.
The Digivance Hub is connected via optical fibers to Radio Access Nodes (RANs) distributed
over the geographical area of interest. Each RAN provides one RF antenna. The Digivance
system allows the RF signals to be transported to remote locations to expand coverage into areas
not receiving service or to extend coverage into difficult to reach areas such as canyons, tunnels,
or underground roadways.
1.2Basic Components
ADCP-75-192 • Issue 2 • June 2007
Figure 1 shows the main components of a Digivance system, the Hub and RANs. As shown, the
Hub interface with the BTS and the RAN interaces with cellphone users. The figure shows a
CXD system with dual-band SMR A and SMR B configuration.
SMR A
BTS
SMR B
BTS
CXD
Hub
CXD
RAN 1
CXD
RAN 2
CXD
RAN 3
CXD
RAN 4
CXD
RAN 5
CXD
RAN 6
CXD
RAN 7
SMRA
SMRB
SMRA
SMRB
SMRA
SMRB
SMRA
SMRB
SMRA
SMRB
SMRA
SMRB
SMRA
SMRB
CXD
RAN 8
SMRA
SMRB
20799-A
Figure 1. Digivance Architectural Summary Diagram (CXD System Shown)
The Hub is a rack assembly containing electronic equipment. Included are two types of
Compact PCI (cPCI) “chassis” containing “electronic modules.” The two types of cPCI chassis
are the Digital Chassis and the RF Chassis. The electronic modules include CPU boards, optical
to RF data converters, an optical interface board, and so on. The Hub rack also contains other
separately mounted system equipment including high power attenuators, base station interface
modules, a power distribution unit, an Ethernet hub, and a Hub reference module that provides a
system clock.
The RAN is weather-resistent, pole- or pad-mount cabinet containing a cPCI shelf similar to the
Hub chassis and a similar set of electronic modules and supportive system equipment as
required for the more limited functions required at the RAN. The CXD RAN and the NXD
RAN have different sets of electronic modules, but the basic function is the same.
1.3Data Flow (Forward and Reverse Paths)
Digivance CXD/NXD is a multi-frequency, multi-protocol Distributed Antenna System (DAS),
providing microcellular SMR, Cellular, and PCS coverage via its distributed RF antennas.
Figure 2 shows the RF signal path through a three-band CXD Digivance system. In the forward
direction, the signal starts from the base station sector on the left and moves to the right. In the
reverse direction, the RF path starts at the antenna and then flows from the RAN to the Hub and
to the base station sector receiver(s).
HUB
1900 MHz
800 MHz
BTS
900 MHz
BTS
BTS
FBHDCFSC
HUCRSC
FBHDCFSC
HUCRSC
FBHDCFSC
HUCRSC
CPU
STF2
FICFIC
RDC2
RUC
RDC2
RUC
800
RX
900
RX
RFA
800/
900
RFA
1900
CXD
RAN
800/900
DUPLEXED
OUTPUT
1900
DUPLEXED
OUTPUT
21879-C
Figure 2. Digivance CXD System Block Diagram (Three Bands Shown)
On a more detailed level, in both the forward and reverse paths, the signal data passes through a
series of electronic modules:
• In the forward path, the Full Band Hub Down Converter (FBHDC) receives RF signals
from the BTS and down converts the signals to Intermediate Frequency (IF). The Forward
Simulcast Card (FSC) digitizes the IF signals and passes digital IF (DIF) signals into the
Fiber Interface Controller (FIC). The FIC converts the DIF signals to digital optical
signals for transport to the RAN. At the RAN, a similar process occurs whereby the optical
signals are converted to RF signals using a RAN Up Converter (RUC). The signals pass
through a PAA or RFA and then are combined with other RF signals (using a combination
of diplexers or triplexers) and fed into a multi-band antenna.
• In the reverse path, the antenna receives RF signals from a mobile and sends those signals
through a multicoupler to the RAN Down Converter (RDC) which down converts the RF
back to IF and digitizes the signals. The DIF signals are passed to the FIC, which sends
digital optical signals from the RAN to the HUB FIC. The Hub FIC combines that DIF
signals with DIF signals from other RANs that are in that simulcast cluster through the
Reverse Simulcast Card (RSC). The Hub Up Converter (HUC) takes the RSC output and
converts the digital optical signals back to RF signals for the BTS. As shown in Figure 3,
the NXD system has a reverse path diplexer and a reverse path diversity signal. Reverse
path diversity is an option in the CXD system.
HUB
800 MHz
BTS
1900 MHz
BTS
FBHDCFSC
HUCRSC
FBHDCFSC
HUCRSC
CPU
STF2
FICFIC
CPU
RDC
RUC
RDC
RUC
STF2
800
RX
*
MULTI
COUPLER
MULTI
COUPLER
*
800
PA A
800
PCS
PA A
1900
DUPLEXER
DUPLEXER
21989-A
800
1900
REVERSE
*
PAT H
DIVERSITY
NXD
RAN
800
DUPLEXED
OUTPUT
1900
DUPLEXED
OUTPUT
Figure 3. Digivance NXD System Block Diagram (Three Bands Shown)
System control in a Digivance CXD/NXD system involves three main components: (1) a LANtype network connecting a Hubmaster CPU with other electronic modules including slave CPUs
and FICs; (2) a set of alarms and settable objects provided through an SNMP interface and
MIBs; (3) and an ADC graphical user interface called the Element Management System (EMS).
These components are described in the following topics.
1.4.1System Network, CPUs, and FICs
The top-level controller of the Digivance system is a CPU module within a Digital Chassis on
the Hub rack. This CPU, called the Hubmaster CPU, runs a program that controls events in the
system. The Hubmaster CPU connects with other electronic modules via Ethernet ports that act
as nodes in an Ethernet-based network. This network is similar to that of a computer local area
network (LAN). Network control information is passed using a portion of the bandwidth of the
optical fibers connecting the Hub and RAN.
In addition to the Hubmaster CPU, the Digivance system may contain other CPUs referred to as
“slave CPUs” under control of the Hubmaster. If the system is large enough to require more
than one Digital Chassis in the Hub, each Digital Chassis after the first will have such a slave
CPU. In addition, in an NXD system, each RAN has its own CPU which functions as a slave
CPU to the Hubmaster and controls events in the RAN. By contrast, in a CXD system, the RAN
has no CPU; the Hubmaster CPU directly controls the RAN through the RAN FIC
EXISTING WAN/LAN
ROUTER
ETHERNET HUB
CAT5
ETHERNET
HUB
MASTER
HUB
HUB
NODE
FIBER
RAN
NODE
RAN
21946-A
Figure 4. Network Architecture
1.4.2SNMP and MIBs
The second main component of control in a Digivance system is the logical structure of interrelated databases that is used to store and provide access to objects of interest in system
management.
These databases are provided through Management Information Bases (MIBs) and an SNMP
proxy agent embedded in the system software. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
is an internet standard protocol enabling online devices to be queried and controlled remotely
using an IP interface. A MIB is a table-like set of “objects” conforming to SNMP specifications.
Each object represents an individual alarm (such as RF overdrive in the Digivance system) or an
individual object (such as Forward Skew). Via the SNMP proxy agent (which functions as a
portal to the MIBs), a user is able to receive alarm indications, query for current object values,
and set some object values. To do this, the user requires either a generic SNMP manager called
a Network Management System (NMS) or the ADC Element Management System (EMS), both
of which, in their underlying functions, conform to SNMP specifications. EMS is described in
the next topic.
Figure 5 shows the MIBs used in the Digivance system, and indicates which node type each
MIB is used in and how the MIBs are related to one other. Within the Digivance network, there
are four node types: Hub Node, RAN Node, Location Services Equipment (LSE) node, and
Hubmaster Node. “Node” is simply shorthand for “network node”.
HUBMASTER SNMP AGENT RAN SNMP AGENT
BTS CONNECTION MIB NETWORK NODE MIB
HUB NODE MIB
NETWORK
NODE
MIB
BIM
HDC
MIB
MIB
HUB RF
CONNECTION
MIB
HUC
FSC
MIB
MIB
RSC
MIB
HUB NODE SNMP AGENT
RAN NODE MIB
TENENT OAM MIB
NODE
PAT H
MIB
NODE
PAT H
MIB
SIF/
FIC
MIB
EQUIPMENT
STF
MIB
MIB
BACKPLANE
MIB
GPS
MIB
HRM
MIB
EQUIPMENT
MIB
NODE
PAT H
MIB
PATHTRACE
MIB
BACK-
PLANE
MIB
POWER
ENTRY
MIB
MUC
*
GPS
RDC
RUC
*
MIB
MIB
MIB
MIB
MIB
NXD
ONLY
STF
SIF/
FIC
MIB
21026-C
Figure 5. Digivance MIB Structure
In understanding the structure of nodes in the Digivance system, it is important to note that the
Hubmaster node is a regular Hub node with additional functionality that is particular to the one
and only Hubmaster node in the network.
The LSE node is a regular Hub node with additional functionality particular to location services
applications.There is also a distinction between RAN Nodes in NXD vs. CXD systems. In an
NXD system, there is a one to one relationship between CPUs and nodes because each NXD
RAN has its own CPU where its own MIBs reside. In a CXD system, the term RAN Node refers
conceptually to the individual RAN but all RAN MIBs reside on the Hubmaster CPU.
1.4.3Element Management System (EMS)
The Digivance Element Management System is a Web based system that provides the various
control and monitoring functions required for local management of each CXD/NXD system.
The user interface into the EMS is a PC-type laptop computer loaded with a standard Web
browser. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship of EMS to the Digivance MIBs
described in the previous topic.
HUB NODE n
HUB NODE
STATUS
ALARMS
HUB NODE 3
HUB NODE 2
HUB NODE 1
MIBs
SNMP
AGENT
HUBMASTER
NOTE: RAN MIBs RESIDE ON
HUBMASTER CPU IN CXD SYSTEM,
ON RAN CPU IN NXD SYSTEM.
All CPUs in the Digivance network support SNMP to provide NMS monitoring and access. The
NMS software (whether generic or EMS) sends SNMP GET and SET messages to the various
nodes in the Digivance network to access MIBs in response to a user entry.
• A GET message gets the current value of an identified object.
• A SET message sets the object to a given value. Only a limited subset of objects can be set
to a new value.
Note: MIBs are described in more detail in Section 2.2 on Page 15.
The EMS is resident on the Hubmaster CPU and is accessible through an Ethernet connection.
Operation is effected through the EMS Graphical User Interface (GUI). The GUI consists of a
series of screens from which the user selects the desired option or function. Ethernet ports are
available at the Hub and RAN CPU for connecting the EMS computer at either location
1.5 Fiber Optical Transport
The optical signal of a Digivance system is digital. The input and output RF signal levels at the
Hub FIC or the RAN FIC or SIF are not dependent on the level of the optical signal or the
length of the optical fiber.
ADCP-75-192 • Issue 2 • June 2007
The maximum length of the optical fibers is dependent on the loss specifications of the optical
fiber and the losses imposed by the various connectors and splices. The system provides an
optical budget of 9 dB (typical) when used with 9/125 single-mode fiber, or 26 dB with
extended optics.
The optical wavelengths used in the system are 1310 nm for the forward path and 1310 nm for
the reverse path. Different wavelengths may be used for the forward and reverse paths allowing
for a pair of bi-directional wavelength division multiplexers (WDM) or coarse wavelength
division multiplexing (CWDM) to be used in applications where it is desirable to combine the
forward path and reverse path optical signals on a single optical fiber.
One WDM or CWDM multiplexer/demultiplxer module may be mounted with the Hub and the
other mounted with the RAN. The WDM or CWDM passive multiplexers are available as
accessory items.
1.6Fault Detection and Alarm Reporting
LED indicators are provided on each of the respective modules populating the Hub Digital
Chassis, RF Chassis, and RAN Chassis to indicate if the system is normal or if a fault is
detected. In addition, a dry contact alarm interface can be provided as an accessory item that is
managed by the EMS software with normally open and normally closed alarm contacts for
connection to a customer-provided external alarm system.
All Hub and RAN alarms can be accessed through the SNMP manager or the EMS software
GUI.