Accton Technology ES3628C User Manual

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ES3628C 24 10/100 Ports + 4GE

Intelligent Layer 2/3/4 Fast Ethernet Switch

Management Guide

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Management Guide

Fast Ethernet Switch

Layer 3 Standalone Switch with 24 100BASE-TX (RJ-45) Ports, 2 1000BASE-T (RJ-45) Ports, and 2 SFP Slots

ES3628C F3.1.0.18 E032005-R01 149100005100H

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1

Key Features 1-1 Description of Software Features 1-2 System Defaults 1-7

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration 2-1

Connecting to the Switch 2-1

Configuration Options 2-1 Required Connections 2-2 Remote Connections 2-3

Basic Configuration 2-3

Console Connection 2-3 Setting Passwords 2-4 Setting an IP Address 2-4

Manual Configuration 2-4 Dynamic Configuration 2-5

Enabling SNMP Management Access 2-6

Community Strings (for SNMP version 1 and 2c clients) 2-6 Trap Receivers 2-7 Configuring Access for SNMP Version 3 Clients 2-8

Saving Configuration Settings 2-8

Managing System Files 2-9

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch 3-1

Using the Web Interface 3-1 Navigating the Web Browser Interface 3-2

Home Page 3-2 Configuration Options 3-3 Panel Display 3-3 Main Menu 3-4

Basic Configuration 3-12

Displaying System Information 3-12 Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions 3-13 Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities 3-15 Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames 3-16 Setting the Switch’s IP Address 3-17

Manual Configuration 3-18 Using DHCP/BOOTP 3-19

Managing Firmware 3-20

Downloading System Software from a Server 3-21

Contents

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings 3-23

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server 3-24 Console Port Settings 3-25 Telnet Settings 3-27 Configuring Event Logging 3-29

System Log Configuration 3-29

Remote Log Configuration 3-30

Displaying Log Messages 3-32

Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts 3-32 Resetting the System 3-34 Setting the System Clock 3-35

Configuring SNTP 3-35

Setting the Time Zone 3-36

Simple Network Management Protocol 3-37

Enabling the SNMP Agent 3-38 Setting Community Access Strings 3-39 Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types 3-40 Configuring SNMPv3 Management Access 3-42

Setting a Local Engine ID 3-43

Specifying a Remote Engine ID 3-43

Configuring SNMPv3 Users 3-44

Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users 3-46

Configuring SNMPv3 Groups 3-48

Setting SNMPv3 Views 3-52

User Authentication 3-53

Configuring User Accounts 3-53 Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication 3-55 Configuring HTTPS 3-58

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate 3-59 Configuring the Secure Shell 3-60

Generating the Host Key Pair 3-61

Configuring the SSH Server 3-63 Configuring Port Security 3-65 Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication 3-67

Displaying 802.1X Global Settings 3-68

Configuring 802.1X Global Settings 3-69

Configuring Port Settings for 802.1X 3-69

Displaying 802.1X Statistics 3-72 Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access 3-74

Access Control Lists 3-76

Configuring Access Control Lists 3-76

Setting the ACL Name and Type 3-77

Configuring a Standard IP ACL 3-77

Configuring an Extended IP ACL 3-78

Configuring a MAC ACL 3-81

Contents

Configuring ACL Masks 3-83

Specifying the Mask Type 3-83 Configuring an IP ACL Mask 3-84 Configuring a MAC ACL Mask 3-86

Binding a Port to an Access Control List 3-87

Port Configuration 3-88

Displaying Connection Status 3-88 Configuring Interface Connections 3-91 Creating Trunk Groups 3-93

Statically Configuring a Trunk 3-94 Enabling LACP on Selected Ports 3-95 Configuring LACP Parameters 3-98 Displaying LACP Port Counters 3-101 Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Local Side 3-102

Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Remote Side 3-104 Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds 3-105 Configuring Port Mirroring 3-107 Configuring Rate Limits 3-108 Showing Port Statistics 3-109

Address Table Settings 3-113

Setting Static Addresses 3-113 Displaying the Address Table 3-114 Changing the Aging Time 3-116

Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuration 3-116

Displaying Global Settings 3-117 Configuring Global Settings 3-120 Displaying Interface Settings 3-124 Configuring Interface Settings 3-127 Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees 3-129 Displaying Interface Settings for MSTP 3-132 Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP 3-133

VLAN Configuration 3-135

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 3-135

Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) 3-138

Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-138

Displaying Current VLANs 3-139

Creating VLANs 3-140

Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) 3-141

Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) 3-143

Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces 3-144 Configuring Private VLANs 3-146

Enabling Private VLANs 3-146

Configuring Uplink and Downlink Ports 3-147 Configuring Protocol-Based VLANs 3-147

Configuring Protocol Groups 3-148

vii

Contents

Mapping Protocols to VLANs 3-149

Class of Service Configuration 3-150

Layer 2 Queue Settings 3-150

Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces 3-150 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues 3-152 Selecting the Queue Mode 3-154 Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes 3-154

Layer 3/4 Priority Settings 3-156

Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values 3-156 Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority 3-156 Mapping IP Precedence 3-157 Mapping DSCP Priority 3-158 Mapping IP Port Priority 3-160

Quality of Service 3-161

Configuring Quality of Service Parameters 3-162

Configuring a Class Map 3-162 Creating QoS Policies 3-165 Attaching a Policy Map to Ingress Queues 3-168

Multicast Filtering 3-169

IGMP Protocol 3-169 Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) 3-170

Configuring IGMP Snooping and Query Parameters 3-171 Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router 3-173 Specifying Static Interfaces for a Multicast Router 3-174 Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services 3-175 Assigning Ports to Multicast Services 3-176

Layer 3 IGMP (Query used with Multicast Routing) 3-177

Configuring IGMP Interface Parameters 3-177 Displaying Multicast Group Information 3-181

Configuring Domain Name Service 3-182

Configuring General DNS Server Parameters 3-182 Configuring Static DNS Host to Address Entries 3-184 Displaying the DNS Cache 3-186

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 3-187

Configuring DHCP Relay Service 3-187 Configuring the DHCP Server 3-189

Enabling the Server, Setting Excluded Addresses 3-189 Configuring Address Pools 3-191 Displaying Address Bindings 3-195

Configuring Router Redundancy 3-196

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 3-197

Configuring VRRP Groups 3-197 Displaying VRRP Global Statistics 3-202 Displaying VRRP Group Statistics 3-203

viii

Contents

IP Routing 3-205

Overview 3-205

Initial Configuration 3-205 IP Switching 3-206

Routing Path Management 3-207

Routing Protocols 3-207 Basic IP Interface Configuration 3-208 Configuring IP Routing Interfaces 3-209 Address Resolution Protocol 3-211

Proxy ARP 3-211

Basic ARP Configuration 3-212

Configuring Static ARP Addresses 3-213

Displaying Dynamically Learned ARP Entries 3-214

Displaying Local ARP Entries 3-215

Displaying ARP Statistics 3-216 Displaying Statistics for IP Protocols 3-217

IP Statistics 3-217

ICMP Statistics 3-219

UDP Statistics 3-221

TCP Statistics 3-222 Configuring Static Routes 3-223 Displaying the Routing Table 3-224 Configuring the Routing Information Protocol 3-225

Configuring General Protocol Settings 3-226

Specifying Network Interfaces for RIP 3-228

Configuring Network Interfaces for RIP 3-229

Displaying RIP Information and Statistics 3-232 Configuring the Open Shortest Path First Protocol 3-235

Configuring General Protocol Settings 3-236

Configuring OSPF Areas 3-239

Configuring Area Ranges (Route Summarization for ABRs) 3-242

Configuring OSPF Interfaces 3-244

Configuring Virtual Links 3-248

Configuring Network Area Addresses 3-250

Configuring Summary Addresses (for External AS Routes) 3-253

Redistributing External Routes 3-254

Configuring NSSA Settings 3-255

Displaying Link State Database Information 3-257

Displaying Information on Border Routers 3-259

Displaying Information on Neighbor Routers 3-260

Multicast Routing 3-261

Configuring Global Settings for Multicast Routing 3-261 Displaying the Multicast Routing Table 3-262 Configuring DVMRP 3-265

Configuring Global DVMRP Settings 3-265

Contents

Configuring DVMRP Interface Settings 3-268 Displaying Neighbor Information 3-270 Displaying the Routing Table 3-271

Configuring PIM-DM 3-272

Configuring Global PIM-DM Settings 3-272 Configuring PIM-DM Interface Settings 3-273 Displaying Interface Information 3-276 Displaying Neighbor Information 3-276

Chapter 4: Command Line Interface 4-1

Using the Command Line Interface 4-1

Accessing the CLI 4-1 Console Connection 4-1 Telnet Connection 4-1

Entering Commands 4-3

Keywords and Arguments 4-3 Minimum Abbreviation 4-3 Command Completion 4-3 Getting Help on Commands 4-3

Showing Commands 4-4 Partial Keyword Lookup 4-5 Negating the Effect of Commands 4-5 Using Command History 4-5 Understanding Command Modes 4-6 Exec Commands 4-6 Configuration Commands 4-7 Command Line Processing 4-9

Command Groups 4-10 Line Commands 4-11

line 4-12 login 4-12 password 4-13 timeout login response 4-14 exec-timeout 4-15 password-thresh 4-15 silent-time 4-16 databits 4-17 parity 4-17 speed 4-18 stopbits 4-18 disconnect 4-19 show line 4-19

General Commands 4-20

enable 4-20

Contents

disable 4-21 configure 4-22 show history 4-22 reload 4-23 end 4-23 exit 4-24 quit 4-24

System Management Commands 4-25

Device Designation Commands 4-25

prompt 4-25 hostname 4-26

User Access Commands 4-27

username 4-27 enable password 4-28

IP Filter Commands 4-29

management 4-29 show management 4-30

Web Server Commands 4-31

ip http port 4-31 ip http server 4-31 ip http secure-server 4-32 ip http secure-port 4-33

Telnet Server Commands 4-34

ip telnet server 4-34

Secure Shell Commands 4-34

ip ssh server 4-37 ip ssh timeout 4-37 ip ssh authentication-retries 4-38 ip ssh server-key size 4-38 delete public-key 4-39 ip ssh crypto host-key generate 4-39 ip ssh crypto zeroize 4-40 ip ssh save host-key 4-41 show ip ssh 4-41 show ssh 4-41 show public-key 4-42

Event Logging Commands 4-43

logging on 4-43 logging history 4-44 logging host 4-45 logging facility 4-45 logging trap 4-46 clear log 4-47 show logging 4-47 show log 4-49

Contents

SMTP Alert Commands 4-49

logging sendmail host 4-50

logging sendmail level 4-50

logging sendmail source-email 4-51

logging sendmail destination-email 4-51

logging sendmail 4-52

show logging sendmail 4-52 Time Commands 4-53

sntp client 4-53

sntp server 4-54

sntp poll 4-55

show sntp 4-55

clock timezone 4-56

calendar set 4-56

show calendar 4-57 System Status Commands 4-57

show startup-config 4-57

show running-config 4-59

show system 4-60

show users 4-61

show version 4-62 Frame Size Commands 4-63

jumbo frame 4-63

Flash/File Commands 4-64

copy 4-64 delete 4-66 dir 4-67 whichboot 4-68 boot system 4-68

Authentication Commands 4-69

Authentication Sequence 4-70

authentication login 4-70

authentication enable 4-71 RADIUS Client 4-72

radius-server host 4-72

radius-server port 4-73

radius-server key 4-73

radius-server retransmit 4-74

radius-server timeout 4-74

show radius-server 4-74 TACACS+ Client 4-75

tacacs-server host 4-75

tacacs-server port 4-76

tacacs-server key 4-76

show tacacs-server 4-77

xii

Contents

Port Security Commands 4-77

port security 4-78

802.1X Port Authentication 4-79 dot1x system-auth-control 4-80 dot1x default 4-80 dot1x max-req 4-80 dot1x port-control 4-81 dot1x operation-mode 4-81 dot1x re-authenticate 4-82 dot1x re-authentication 4-82 dot1x timeout quiet-period 4-83 dot1x timeout re-authperiod 4-83 dot1x timeout tx-period 4-84 show dot1x 4-84

Access Control List Commands 4-87

IP ACLs 4-88

access-list ip 4-89 permit, deny (Standard ACL) 4-89 permit, deny (Extended ACL) 4-90 show ip access-list 4-92 access-list ip mask-precedence 4-93 mask (IP ACL) 4-93 show access-list ip mask-precedence 4-97 ip access-group 4-98 show ip access-group 4-98

MAC ACLs 4-99

access-list mac 4-99 permit, deny (MAC ACL) 4-100 show mac access-list 4-101 access-list mac mask-precedence 4-102 mask (MAC ACL) 4-102 show access-list mac mask-precedence 4-104 mac access-group 4-105 show mac access-group 4-105

ACL Information 4-106

show access-list 4-106 show access-group 4-106

SNMP Commands 4-107

snmp-server 4-107 show snmp 4-108 snmp-server community 4-109 snmp-server contact 4-109 snmp-server location 4-110 snmp-server host 4-110 snmp-server enable traps 4-112

xiii

Contents

snmp-server engine-id 4-113 show snmp engine-id 4-114 snmp-server view 4-115 show snmp view 4-116 snmp-server group 4-116 show snmp group 4-117 snmp-server user 4-118 show snmp user 4-120

DHCP Commands 4-121

DHCP Client 4-121

ip dhcp client-identifier 4-121 ip dhcp restart client 4-122

DHCP Relay 4-123

ip dhcp restart relay 4-123 ip dhcp relay server 4-124

DHCP Server 4-124

service dhcp 4-125 ip dhcp excluded-address 4-125 ip dhcp pool 4-126 network 4-127 default-router 4-127 domain-name 4-128 dns-server 4-128 next-server 4-129 bootfile 4-129 netbios-name-server 4-130 netbios-node-type 4-131 lease 4-131 host 4-132 client-identifier 4-133 hardware-address 4-134 clear ip dhcp binding 4-134 show ip dhcp binding 4-135

DNS Commands 4-136

ip host 4-136 clear host 4-137 ip domain-name 4-137 ip domain-list 4-138 ip name-server 4-139 ip domain-lookup 4-140 show hosts 4-141 show dns 4-141 show dns cache 4-142 clear dns cache 4-142

xiv

Contents

Interface Commands 4-143

interface 4-143 description 4-144 speed-duplex 4-144 negotiation 4-145 capabilities 4-146 shutdown 4-148 switchport broadcast packet-rate 4-148 clear counters 4-149 show interfaces status 4-150 show interfaces counters 4-151 show interfaces switchport 4-152

Mirror Port Commands 4-154

port monitor 4-154 show port monitor 4-155

Rate Limit Commands 4-156

rate-limit 4-156

Link Aggregation Commands 4-157

channel-group 4-158 lacp 4-159 lacp system-priority 4-160 lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface) 4-161 lacp admin-key (Port Channel) 4-161 lacp port-priority 4-162 show lacp 4-163

Address Table Commands 4-166

mac-address-table static 4-167 clear mac-address-table dynamic 4-168 show mac-address-table 4-168 mac-address-table aging-time 4-169 show mac-address-table aging-time 4-169

Spanning Tree Commands 4-170

spanning-tree 4-171 spanning-tree mode 4-171 spanning-tree forward-time 4-172 spanning-tree hello-time 4-173 spanning-tree max-age 4-173 spanning-tree priority 4-174 spanning-tree pathcost method 4-175 spanning-tree transmission-limit 4-175 spanning-tree mst-configuration 4-176 mst vlan 4-176 mst priority 4-177 name 4-177 revision 4-178

Contents

max-hops 4-179 spanning-tree spanning-disabled 4-179 spanning-tree cost 4-180 spanning-tree port-priority 4-180 spanning-tree edge-port 4-181 spanning-tree portfast 4-182 spanning-tree link-type 4-183 spanning-tree mst cost 4-183 spanning-tree mst port-priority 4-184 spanning-tree protocol-migration 4-185 show spanning-tree 4-186 show spanning-tree mst configuration 4-188

VLAN Commands 4-188

Editing VLAN Groups 4-188

vlan database 4-189 vlan 4-189

Configuring VLAN Interfaces 4-190

interface vlan 4-190 switchport mode 4-191 switchport acceptable-frame-types 4-192 switchport ingress-filtering 4-192 switchport native vlan 4-193 switchport allowed vlan 4-194 switchport forbidden vlan 4-195

Displaying VLAN Information 4-195

show vlan 4-196

Configuring Private VLANs 4-197

pvlan 4-197 show pvlan 4-198

Configuring Protocol-based VLANs 4-198

protocol-vlan protocol-group (Configuring Groups) 4-199 protocol-vlan protocol-group (Configuring Interfaces) 4-199 show protocol-vlan protocol-group 4-200 show interfaces protocol-vlan protocol-group 4-201

GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands 4-202

bridge-ext gvrp 4-202 show bridge-ext 4-203 switchport gvrp 4-203 show gvrp configuration 4-204 garp timer 4-204 show garp timer 4-205

Priority Commands 4-206

Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-206

queue mode 4-207 switchport priority default 4-207

xvi

Contents

queue bandwidth 4-208 queue cos-map 4-209 show queue mode 4-210 show queue bandwidth 4-210 show queue cos-map 4-211

Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-212

map ip port (Global Configuration) 4-212 map ip port (Interface Configuration) 4-212 map ip precedence (Global Configuration) 4-213 map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) 4-214 map ip dscp (Global Configuration) 4-214 map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) 4-215 show map ip port 4-216 show map ip precedence 4-217 show map ip dscp 4-218

Quality of Service Commands 4-219

class-map 4-220 match 4-221 policy-map 4-222 class 4-223 set 4-224 police 4-224 service-policy 4-225 show class-map 4-226 show policy-map 4-226 show policy-map interface 4-227

Multicast Filtering Commands 4-228

IGMP Snooping Commands 4-228

ip igmp snooping 4-228 ip igmp snooping vlan static 4-229 ip igmp snooping version 4-229 show ip igmp snooping 4-230 show mac-address-table multicast 4-230

IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-231

ip igmp snooping querier 4-231 ip igmp snooping query-count 4-232 ip igmp snooping query-interval 4-232 ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time 4-233 ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time 4-234

Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-234

ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter 4-235 show ip igmp snooping mrouter 4-235

IGMP Commands (Layer 3) 4-236

ip igmp 4-236 ip igmp robustval 4-237

xvii

Contents

ip igmp query-interval 4-238 ip igmp max-resp-interval 4-238 ip igmp last-memb-query-interval 4-239 ip igmp version 4-240 show ip igmp interface 4-240 clear ip igmp group 4-241 show ip igmp groups 4-241

IP Interface Commands 4-243

Basic IP Configuration 4-243

ip address 4-243 ip default-gateway 4-245 show ip interface 4-245 show ip redirects 4-246 ping 4-246

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 4-247

arp 4-247 arp-timeout 4-248 clear arp-cache 4-249 show arp 4-249 ip proxy-arp 4-250

IP Routing Commands 4-250

Global Routing Configuration 4-251

ip routing 4-251 ip route 4-251 clear ip route 4-252 show ip route 4-253 show ip host-route 4-254 show ip traffic 4-255

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 4-256

router rip 4-256 timers basic 4-257 network 4-258 neighbor 4-258 version 4-259 ip rip receive version 4-260 ip rip send version 4-261 ip split-horizon 4-262 ip rip authentication key 4-262 ip rip authentication mode 4-263 show rip globals 4-264 show ip rip 4-264

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 4-266

router ospf 4-267 router-id 4-267 compatible rfc1583 4-268

xviii

Contents

default-information originate 4-269 timers spf 4-270 area range 4-270 area default-cost 4-271 summary-address 4-272 redistribute 4-272 network area 4-273 area stub 4-274 area nssa 4-275 area virtual-link 4-276 ip ospf authentication 4-278 ip ospf authentication-key 4-279 ip ospf message-digest-key 4-280 ip ospf cost 4-281 ip ospf dead-interval 4-281 ip ospf hello-interval 4-282 ip ospf priority 4-282 ip ospf retransmit-interval 4-283 ip ospf transmit-delay 4-284 show ip ospf 4-284 show ip ospf border-routers 4-285 show ip ospf database 4-286 show ip ospf interface 4-294 show ip ospf neighbor 4-295 show ip ospf summary-address 4-296 show ip ospf virtual-links 4-296

Multicast Routing Commands 4-297

Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-297

ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter 4-297 show ip igmp snooping mrouter 4-298

General Multicast Routing Commands 4-299

ip multicast-routing 4-299 show ip mroute 4-299

DVMRP Multicast Routing Commands 4-301

router dvmrp 4-301 probe-interval 4-302 nbr-timeout 4-303 report-interval 4-303 flash-update-interval 4-304 prune-lifetime 4-304 default-gateway 4-305 ip dvmrp 4-305 ip dvmrp metric 4-306 clear ip dvmrp route 4-307 show router dvmrp 4-307

xix

Contents

show ip dvmrp route 4-308 show ip dvmrp neighbor 4-309 show ip dvmrp interface 4-309

PIM-DM Multicast Routing Commands 4-310

router pim 4-310 ip pim dense-mode 4-311 ip pim hello-interval 4-312 ip pim hello-holdtime 4-312 ip pim trigger-hello-interval 4-313 ip pim join-prune-holdtime 4-313 ip pim graft-retry-interval 4-314 ip pim max-graft-retries 4-314 show router pim 4-315 show ip pim interface 4-315 show ip pim neighbor 4-316

Router Redundancy Commands 4-316

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Commands 4-317

vrrp ip 4-317 vrrp authentication 4-318 vrrp priority 4-319 vrrp timers advertise 4-320 vrrp preempt 4-320 show vrrp 4-321 show vrrp interface 4-323 show vrrp router counters 4-324 show vrrp interface counters 4-324 clear vrrp router counters 4-325 clear vrrp interface counters 4-325

Appendix A: Software Specifications A-1

Software Features A-1 Management Features A-2 Standards A-2 Management Information Bases A-3

Appendix B: Troubleshooting B-1

Problems Accessing the Management Interface B-1 Using System Logs B-2

Glossary

Index

Tables

Table 1-1 Key Features 1-1 Table 1-2 System Defaults 1-7 Table 3-1 Web Page Configuration Buttons 3-3 Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu 3-4 Table 3-3 Logging Levels 3-29 Table 3-4 SNMPv3 Security Models and Levels 3-38 Table 3-5 Supported Notification Messages 3-49 Table 3-6 HTTPS System Support 3-58 Table 3-7 802.1X Statistics 3-72 Table 3-8 LACP Port Counters 3-101 Table 3-9 LACP Internal Configuration Information 3-102 Table 3-10 LACP Neighbor Configuration Information 3-104 Table 3-11 Port Statistics 3-109 Table 3-12 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues 3-152 Table 3-13 CoS Priority Levels 3-152 Table 3-14 Mapping IP Precedence 3-157 Table 3-15 Mapping DSCP Priority 3-158 Table 3-16 Address Resolution Protocol 3-211 Table 3-17 ARP Statistics 3-216 Table 3-18 IP Statistics 3-217 Table 3-19 ICMP Statistics 3-219 Table 3-20 USP Statistics 3-221 Table 3-21 TCP Statistics 3-222 Table 3-22 RIP Information and Statistics 3-232 Table 4-1 General Command Modes 4-6 Table 4-2 Configuration Command Modes 4-8 Table 4-3 Keystroke Commands 4-9 Table 4-4 Command Group Index 4-10 Table 4-5 Line Commands 4-11 Table 4-6 General Commands 4-20 Table 4-7 System Management Commands 4-25 Table 4-8 Device Designation Commands 4-25 Table 4-9 User Access Commands 4-27 Table 4-10 Default Login Settings 4-27 Table 4-11 IP Filter Commands 4-29 Table 4-12 Web Server Commands 4-31 Table 4-13 HTTPS System Support 4-32 Table 4-14 Telnet Server Commands 4-34 Table 4-15 Secure Shell Commands 4-35 Table 4-16 show ssh - display description 4-42 Table 4-17 Event Logging Commands 4-43

xxi

Tables

Table 4-18 Logging Levels 4-44 Table 4-19 show logging flash/ram - display description 4-48 Table 4-20 show logging trap - display description 4-48 Table 4-21 SMTP Alert Commands 4-49 Table 4-22 Time Commands 4-53 Table 4-23 System Status Commands 4-57 Table 4-24 Frame Size Commands 4-63 Table 4-25 Flash/File Commands 4-64 Table 4-26 File Directory Information 4-67 Table 4-27 Authentication Commands 4-69 Table 4-28 Authentication Sequence Commands 4-70 Table 4-29 RADIUS Client Commands 4-72 Table 4-30 TACACS+ Client Commands 4-75 Table 4-31 Port Security Commands 4-77 Table 4-32 802.1X Port Authentication Commands 4-79 Table 4-33 Access Control List Commands 4-88 Table 4-34 IP ACL Commands 4-88 Table 4-35 MAC ACL Commands 4-99 Table 4-36 ACL Information Commands 4-106 Table 4-37 SNMP Commands 4-107 Table 4-38 show snmp engine-id - display description 4-114 Table 4-39 show snmp view - display description 4-116 Table 4-40 show snmp group - display description 4-118 Table 4-41 show snmp user - display description 4-120 Table 4-42 DHCP Commands 4-121 Table 4-43 DHCP Client Commands 4-121 Table 4-44 DHCP Relay Commands 4-123 Table 4-45 DHCP Server Commands 4-124 Table 4-46 DNS Commands 4-136 Table 4-47 show dns cache - display description 4-142 Table 4-48 Interface Commands 4-143 Table 4-49 show interfaces switchport - display description 4-153 Table 4-50 Mirror Port Commands 4-154 Table 4-51 Rate Limit Commands 4-156 Table 4-52 Link Aggregation Commands 4-157 Table 4-53 show lacp counters - display description 4-163 Table 4-54 show lacp internal - display description 4-164 Table 4-55 show lacp neighbors - display description 4-165 Table 4-57 Address Table Commands 4-166 Table 4-56 show lacp sysid - display description 4-166 Table 4-58 Spanning Tree Commands 4-170 Table 4-59 VLAN Commands 4-188 Table 4-60 Commands for Editing VLAN Groups 4-188 Table 4-61 Commands for Configuring VLAN Interfaces 4-190 Table 4-62 Commands for Displaying VLAN Information 4-195

xxii

Tables

Table 4-63 Private VLAN Commands 4-197 Table 4-64 Protocol-based VLAN Commands 4-198 Table 4-65 GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands 4-202 Table 4-66 Priority Commands 4-206 Table 4-67 Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-206 Table 4-68 Default CoS Priority Levels 4-209 Table 4-69 Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-212 Table 4-70 Mapping IP Precedence to CoS Values 4-214 Table 4-71 Mapping IP DSCP to CoS Values 4-215 Table 4-72 Quality of Service Commands 4-219 Table 4-73 Multicast Filtering Commands 4-228 Table 4-74 IGMP Snooping Commands 4-228 Table 4-75 IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-231 Table 4-76 Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-234 Table 4-77 IGMP Commands (Layer 3) 4-236 Table 4-78 show ip igmp groups - display description 4-242 Table 4-79 IP Interface Commands 4-243 Table 4-80 Basic IP Configuration Commands 4-243 Table 4-81 Address Resolution Protocol Commands 4-247 Table 4-82 IP Routing Commands 4-250 Table 4-83 Global Routing Configuration Commands 4-251 Table 4-84 show ip route - display description 4-253 Table 4-85 show ip host-route - display description 4-254 Table 4-86 Routing Information Protocol Commands 4-256 Table 4-87 show rip globals - display description 4-264 Table 4-88 show ip rip - display description 4-265 Table 4-89 Open Shortest Path First Commands 4-266 Table 4-91 show ip ospf border-routers - display description 4-285 Table 4-90 show ip ospf - display description 4-285 Table 4-92 show ip ospf database - display description 4-287 Table 4-93 show ip ospf asbr-summary - display description 4-288 Table 4-94 show ip ospf database-summary - display description 4-289 Table 4-95 show ip ospf external - display description 4-290 Table 4-96 show ip ospf network - display description 4-291 Table 4-97 show ip ospf router - display description 4-292 Table 4-98 show ip ospf summary - display description 4-293 Table 4-99 show ip ospf interface - display description 4-294 Table 4-100 show ip ospf neighbor - display description 4-295 Table 4-101 show ip ospf virtual-links - display description 4-296 Table 4-102 Multicast Routing Commands 4-297 Table 4-103 Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-297 Table 4-104 General Multicast Routing Commands 4-299 Table 4-105 show ip mroute - display description 4-300 Table 4-106 DVMRP Multicast Routing Commands 4-301 Table 4-107 show ip dvmrp route - display description 4-308

xxiii

Tables

Table 4-108 show ip dvmrp neighbor - display description 4-309 Table 4-109 PIM-DM Multicast Routing Commands 4-310 Table 4-110 show ip pim neighbor - display description 4-316 Table 4-111 Router Redundancy Commands 4-316 Table 4-112 VRRP Commands 4-317 Table 4-113 show vrrp - display description 4-322 Table 4-114 show vrrp brief - display description 4-323 Table B-1 Troubleshooting Chart B-1

xxiv

Figures

Figure 3-1 Home Page 3-2 Figure 3-2 Front Panel Indicators 3-3 Figure 3-3 System Information 3-12 Figure 3-4 Switch Information 3-14 Figure 3-5 Displaying Bridge Extension Configuration 3-15 Figure 3-6 Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames 3-16 Figure 3-7 IP Interface Configuration - Manual 3-18 Figure 3-8 Default Gateway 3-18 Figure 3-9 IP Interface Configuration - DHCP 3-19 Figure 3-10 Copy Firmware 3-21 Figure 3-11 Setting the Startup Code 3-21 Figure 3-12 Deleting Files 3-22 Figure 3-13 Downloading Configuration Settings for Start-Up 3-24 Figure 3-14 Setting the Startup Configuration Settings 3-24 Figure 3-15 Configuring the Console Port 3-26 Figure 3-16 Configuring the Telnet Interface 3-28 Figure 3-17 System Logs 3-30 Figure 3-18 Remote Logs 3-31 Figure 3-19 Displaying Logs 3-32 Figure 3-20 Enabling and Configuring SMTP Alerts 3-33 Figure 3-21 Resetting the System 3-34 Figure 3-22 SNTP Configuration 3-35 Figure 3-23 Clock Time Zone 3-36 Figure 3-24 Enabling the SNMP Agent 3-38 Figure 3-25 Configuring SNMP Community Strings 3-39 Figure 3-26 Configuring SNMP Trap Managers 3-42 Figure 3-27 Setting the SNMPv3 Engine ID 3-43 Figure 3-28 Setting an Engine ID 3-44 Figure 3-29 Configuring SNMPv3 Users 3-45 Figure 3-30 Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users 3-47 Figure 3-31 Configuring SNMPv3 Groups 3-51 Figure 3-32 Configuring SNMPv3 Views 3-52 Figure 3-33 User Accounts 3-54 Figure 3-34 Authentication Server Settings 3-57 Figure 3-35 HTTPS Settings 3-59 Figure 3-36 SSH Host-Key Settings 3-62 Figure 3-37 SSH Server Settings 3-64 Figure 3-38 Port Security 3-66 Figure 3-39 802.1X Global Information 3-68 Figure 3-40 802.1X Global Configuration 3-69 Figure 3-41 802.1X Port Configuration 3-70

xxv

Figures

Figure 3-42 802.1X Port Statistics 3-73 Figure 3-43 IP Filter 3-75 Figure 3-44 Selecting ACL Type 3-77 Figure 3-45 ACL Configuration - Standard IP 3-78 Figure 3-46 ACL Configuration - Extended IP 3-80 Figure 3-47 ACL Configuration - MAC 3-82 Figure 3-48 Selecting ACL Mask Types 3-83 Figure 3-49 ACL Mask Configuration - IP 3-85 Figure 3-50 ACL Mask Configuration - MAC 3-86 Figure 3-51 ACL Port Binding 3-88 Figure 3-52 Port - Port Information 3-89 Figure 3-53 Port - Port Configuration 3-92 Figure 3-54 Static Trunk Configuration 3-94 Figure 3-55 LACP Trunk Configuration 3-96 Figure 3-56 LACP - Aggregation Port 3-99 Figure 3-57 LACP - Port Counters Information 3-101 Figure 3-58 LACP - Port Internal Information 3-103 Figure 3-59 LACP - Port Neighbors Information 3-104 Figure 3-60 Port Broadcast Control 3-106 Figure 3-61 Mirror Port Configuration 3-107 Figure 3-62 Rate Limit Configuration 3-108 Figure 3-63 Port Statistics 3-112 Figure 3-64 Static Addresses 3-114 Figure 3-65 Dynamic Addresses 3-115 Figure 3-66 Address Aging 3-116 Figure 3-67 STA Information 3-119 Figure 3-68 STA Global Configuration 3-123 Figure 3-69 STA Port Information 3-126 Figure 3-70 STA Port Configuration 3-129 Figure 3-71 MSTP VLAN Configuration 3-130 Figure 3-72 MSTP Port Information 3-132 Figure 3-73 MSTP Port Configuration 3-134 Figure 3-74 Globally Enabling GVRP 3-138 Figure 3-75 VLAN Basic Information 3-138 Figure 3-76 VLAN Current Table 3-139 Figure 3-77 VLAN Static List - Creating VLANs 3-141 Figure 3-78 VLAN Static Table - Adding Static Members 3-142 Figure 3-79 VLAN Static Membership by Port 3-143 Figure 3-80 VLAN Port Configuration 3-145 Figure 3-81 Private VLAN Status 3-146 Figure 3-82 Private VLAN Link Status 3-147 Figure 3-83 Protocol VLAN Configuration 3-148 Figure 3-84 Protocol VLAN Port Configuration 3-149 Figure 3-85 Default Port Priority 3-151 Figure 3-86 Traffic Classes 3-153

xxvi

Figures

Figure 3-87 Queue Mode 3-154 Figure 3-88 Queue Scheduling 3-155 Figure 3-89 IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status 3-156 Figure 3-90 IP Precedence Priority 3-157 Figure 3-91 IP DSCP Priority 3-159 Figure 3-92 IP Port Priority Status 3-160 Figure 3-93 IP Port Priority 3-160 Figure 3-94 Configuring Class Maps 3-164 Figure 3-95 Configuring Policy Maps 3-167 Figure 3-96 Service Policy Settings 3-168 Figure 3-97 IGMP Configuration 3-172 Figure 3-98 Multicast Router Port Information 3-173 Figure 3-99 Static Multicast Router Port Configuration 3-174 Figure 3-100 IP Multicast Registration Table 3-175 Figure 3-101 IGMP Member Port Table 3-176 Figure 3-102 IGMP Interface Settings 3-180 Figure 3-103 IGMP Group Membership 3-181 Figure 3-104 DNS General Configuration 3-183 Figure 3-105 DNS Static Host Table 3-185 Figure 3-106 DNS Cache 3-186 Figure 3-107 DHCP Relay Configuration 3-188 Figure 3-108 DHCP Server General Configuration 3-190 Figure 3-109 DHCP Server Pool Configuration 3-192 Figure 3-110 DHCP Server Pool - Network Configuration 3-193 Figure 3-111 DHCP Server Pool - Host Configuration 3-194 Figure 3-112 DHCP Server - IP Binding 3-195 Figure 3-113 VRRP Group Configuration 3-200 Figure 3-114 VRRP Group Configuration Detail 3-201 Figure 3-115 VRRP Global Statistics 3-202 Figure 3-116 VRRP Group Statistics 3-204 Figure 3-117 IP Global Settings 3-208 Figure 3-118 IP Routing Interface 3-210 Figure 3-119 ARP General 3-212 Figure 3-120 ARP Static Addresses 3-213 Figure 3-121 ARP Dynamic Addresses 3-214 Figure 3-122 ARP Other Addresses 3-215 Figure 3-123 ARP Statistics 3-216 Figure 3-124 IP Statistics 3-219 Figure 3-125 ICMP Statistics 3-220 Figure 3-126 UDP Statistics 3-221 Figure 3-127 TCP Statistics 3-222 Figure 3-128 IP Static Routes 3-223 Figure 3-129 IP Routing Table 3-224 Figure 3-130 RIP General Settings 3-227 Figure 3-131 RIP Network Addresses 3-228

xxvii

Figures

Figure 3-132 RIP Interface Settings 3-231 Figure 3-133 RIP Statistics 3-233 Figure 3-134 OSPF General Configuration 3-238 Figure 3-135 OSPF Area Configuration 3-241 Figure 3-136 OSPF Range Configuration 3-243 Figure 3-137 OSPF Interface Configuration 3-246 Figure 3-138 OSPF Interface Configuration - Detailed 3-247 Figure 3-139 OSPF Virtual Link Configuration 3-249 Figure 3-140 OSPF Network Area Address Configuration 3-251 Figure 3-141 OSPF Summary Address Configuration 3-253 Figure 3-142 OSPF Redistribute Configuration 3-255 Figure 3-143 OSPF NSSA Settings 3-256 Figure 3-144 OSPF Link State Database Information 3-258 Figure 3-145 OSPF Border Router Information 3-259 Figure 3-146 OSPF Neighbor Information 3-260 Figure 3-147 Multicast Routing General Settings 3-261 Figure 3-148 Multicast Routing Table 3-263 Figure 3-149 DVMRP General Settings 3-268 Figure 3-150 DVMRP Interface Settings 3-269 Figure 3-151 DVMRP Neighbor Information 3-270 Figure 3-152 DVMRP Routing Table 3-271 Figure 3-153 PIM-DM General Settings 3-273 Figure 3-154 PIM-DM Interface Settings 3-275 Figure 3-155 PIM-DM Interface Information 3-276 Figure 3-156 PIM-DM Neighbor Information 3-277

xxviii

Chapter 1: Introduction

This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching and Layer 3 routing. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.

Key Features

Table 1-1 Key Features

Feature Description

Configuration Backup and Restore

Authentication Console, Telnet, web – User name / password, RADIUS, TACACS+

Access Control Lists Supports IP or MAC ACLs

DHCP Client, Relay and Server

DNS Server Supported

Port Configuration Speed and duplex mode and flow control

Rate Limiting Input and output rate limiting per port

Port Mirroring Single session, one source port to one analysis port

Port Trunking Supports up to 12 trunks using either static or dynamic trunking (LACP)

Broadcast Storm Control

Address Table Up to 16K MAC addresses in forwarding table, 1024 static MAC addresses;

IEEE 802.1D Bridge Supports dynamic data switching and addresses learning

Store-and-Forward Switching

Spanning Tree Algorithm

Virtual LANs Up to 255 using IEEE 802.1Q, port-based, protocol-based, or private VLANs

Backup to TFTP server

Web – SSL/HTTPS; Telnet – SSH SNMP v1/2c - Community strings SNMP version 3 – MD5 or SHA password Port – IEEE 802.1X, MAC address filtering

Fast Ethernet ports - 157 lists, 4 masks shared by 8-port groups Gigabit Ethernet ports - 29 lists, 4 masks

Supported

Up to 4K IP entries in ARP cache, 16K IP entries in routing table, 256 static IP routes

Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames

Supports standard STP, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and Multiple Spanning Trees (MSTP)

1-1

Introduction

Table 1-1 Key Features (Continued)

Feature Description

Traffic Prioritization Default port priority, traffic class map, queue scheduling, IP Precedence, or

Qualify of Service Supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ)

Router Redundancy Router backup is provided with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

IP Routing Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), static routes

ARP Static and dynamic address configuration, proxy ARP

Multicast Filtering Supports IGMP snooping and query for Layer 2, and IGMP for Layer 3

Multicast Routing Supports DVMRP and PIM-DM

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), and TCP/UDP Port

Description of Software Features

The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features. Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from engulfing the network. Untagged (port-based), tagged, and protocol-based VLANs, plus support for automatic GVRP VLAN registration provide traffic security and efficient use of network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the minimum delay for moving real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast filtering and routing provides support for real-time network applications. Some of the management features are briefly described below.

Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch configuration settings.

Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+). Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE 802.1X protocol. This protocol uses Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request user credentials from the 802.1X client, and then uses the EAP between the switch and the authentication server to verify the client’s right to access the network via an authentication server (i.e., RADIUS server).

Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection, SNMP Version 3, IP address filtering for SNMP/web/Telnet management access, and MAC address filtering for port access.

1-2

Description of Software Features

Access Control Lists – ACLs provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). ACLs can by used to improve performance by blocking unnecessary network traffic or to implement security controls by restricting access to specific network resources or protocols.

DHCP Server and DHCP Relay – A DHCP server is provided to assign IP addresses to host devices. Since DHCP uses a broadcast mechanism, a DHCP server and its client must physically reside on the same subnet. Since it is not practical to have a DHCP server on every subnet, DHCP Relay is also supported to allow dynamic configuration of local clients from a DHCP server located in a different network.

Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed and duplex mode, and flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever possible to double the throughput of switch connections.Flow control should also be enabled to control network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow control based on the IEEE 802.3-2002 standard.

Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.

Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.

Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE 802.3-2002 (formerly IEEE 802.3ad) Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports dramatically increase the throughput across any connection, and provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk should fail. The switch supports up to 12 trunks.

Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.

Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.

1-3

Introduction

IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 16K addresses.

Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.

To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 32 MB for frame buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested networks.

Spanning Tree Algorithm – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols:

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol provides loop detection and recovery by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between a pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments, this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate path will be activated to maintain the connection.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the convergence time for network topology changes to about 3 to 5 seconds, compared to 30 seconds or more for the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a complete replacement for STP, but can still interoperate with switches running the older standard by automatically reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages from attached devices.

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP, IEEE 802.1s) – This protocol is a direct extension of RSTP. It can provide an independent spanning tree for different VLANs. It simplifies network management, provides for even faster convergence than RSTP by limiting the size of each region, and prevents VLAN members from being segmented from the rest of the group (as sometimes occurs with IEEE 802.1D STP).

Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 255 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be dynamically learned via GVRP, or ports can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs. This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:

• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.

• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network connection.

• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN, except where a connection is explicitly defined via the switch’s routing service.

1-4

Description of Software Features

• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink

ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.

• Use protocol VLANs to restrict traffic to specified interfaces based on protocol type.

Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required level of service, using eight priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on input from the end-station application. These functions can independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.

This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the priority bits in the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet or the number of the TCP/UDP port. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.

IP Routing – The switch provides Layer 3 IP routing. To maintain a high rate of throughput, the switch forwards all traffic passing within the same segment, and routes only traffic that passes between different subnetworks. The wire-speed routing provided by this switch lets you easily link network segments or VLANs together without having to deal with the bottlenecks or configuration hassles normally associated with conventional routers.

Routing for unicast traffic is supported with the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol.

RIP – This protocol uses a distance-vector approach to routing. Routes are determined on the basis of minimizing the distance vector, or hop count, which serves as a rough estimate of transmission cost.

OSPF – This approach uses a link state routing protocol to generate a shortest-path tree, then builds up its routing table based on this tree. OSPF produces a more stable network because the participating routers act on network changes predictably and simultaneously, converging on the best route more quickly than RIP.

Router Redundancy – The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) uses a virtual IP address to support a primary router and multiple backup routers. The backups can be configured to take over the workload if the master fails or to load share the traffic. The primary goal of this protocol is to allow a host device which has been configured with a fixed gateway to maintain network connectivity in case the primary gateway goes down.

Address Resolution Protocol – The switch uses ARP and Proxy ARP to convert between IP addresses and MAC (i.e., hardware) addresses. This switch supports conventional ARP, which locates the MAC address corresponding to a given IP address. This allows the switch to use IP addresses for routing decisions and the corresponding MAC addresses to forward packets from one hop to the next. You can configure either static or dynamic entries in the ARP cache.

Proxy ARP allows hosts that do not support routing to determine the MAC address of a device on another network or subnet. When a host sends an ARP request for a

be used to provide

1-5

Introduction

remote network, the switch checks to see if it has the best route. If it does, it sends its own MAC address to the host. The host then sends traffic for the remote destination via the switch, which uses its own routing table to reach the destination on the other network.

Quality of Service – Differentiated Services (DiffServ) provides policy-based management mechanisms used for prioritizing network resources to meet the requirements of specific traffic types on a per-hop basis. Each packet is classified upon entry into the network based on access lists, IP Precedence or DSCP values, or VLAN lists. Using access lists allows you select traffic based on Layer 2, Layer 3, or Layer 4 information contained in each packet. Based on network policies, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding.

Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query at Layer 2 and IGMP at Layer 3 to manage multicast group registration.

Multicast Routing – Routing for multicast packets is supported by the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) and Protocol-Independent Multicasting Dense Mode (PIM-DM). These protocols work in conjunction with IGMP to filter and route multicast traffic. DVMRP is a more comprehensive implementation that maintains its own routing table, but is gradually being replacing by most network managers with PIM, Dense Mode and Sparse Mode. PIM is a very simple protocol that uses the routing table of the unicast routing protocol enabled on an interface. Dense Mode is designed for areas where the probability of multicast clients is relatively high, and the overhead of frequent flooding is justified. While Sparse mode is designed for network areas, such as the Wide Area Network, where the probability of multicast clients is low. This switch currently supports DVMRP and PIM-DM. This protocol works in conjunction with IGMP to filter and route multicast traffic.

1-6

System Defaults

The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file (page 3-24).

The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.

Table 1-2 System Defaults

Function Parameter Default

Console Port Connection

Authentication Privileged Exec Level Username “admin”

Web Management HTTP Server Enabled

Baud Rate auto

Data bits 8

Stop bits 1

Parity none

Local Console Timeout 0 (disabled)

Password “admin”

Normal Exec Level Username “guest”

Enable Privileged Exec from Normal Exec Level

RADIUS Authentication Disabled

TACACS Authentication Disabled

802.1X Port Authentication Disabled

HTTPS Enabled

SSH Disabled

Port Security Disabled

IP Filtering Disabled

HTTP Port Number 80

HTTP Secure Server Enabled

HTTP Secure Port Number 443

Password “guest”

Password “super”

1-7

Introduction

Table 1-2 System Defaults (Continued)

Function Parameter Default

SNMP SNMP Agent Enabled

Community Strings “public” (read only)

Traps Authentication traps: enabled

SNMP V3 View: defaultview

Port Configuration Admin Status Enabled

Auto-negotiation Enabled

Flow Control Disabled

Rate Limiting Input and output limits Disabled

Port Trunking Static Trunks None

LACP (all ports) Disabled

Broadcast Storm Protection

Spanning Tree Algorithm

Address Table Aging Time 300 seconds

Virtual LANs Default VLAN 1

Traffic Prioritization Ingress Port Priority 0

Status Enabled (all ports)

Broadcast Limit Rate 500 packets per second

Status Enabled, RSTP

Fast Forwarding (Edge Port) Disabled

PVID 1

Acceptable Frame Type All

Ingress Filtering Disabled

Switchport Mode (Egress Mode) Hybrid: tagged/untagged frames

GVRP (global) Disabled

GVRP (port interface) Disabled

Weighted Round Robin Queue: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

IP Precedence Priority Disabled

IP DSCP Priority Disabled

IP Port Priority Disabled

“private” (read/write)

Link-up-down events: enabled

Group: public (read only); private (read/write)

(Defaults: All values based on IEEE 802.1w)

Weight: 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

1-8

System Defaults

Table 1-2 System Defaults (Continued)

Function Parameter Default

IP Settings Management. VLAN Any VLAN configured with an IP address

IP Address 0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0

Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

DHCP Client: Enabled

Relay: Disabled Server: Disabled

DNS Server: Disabled

BOOTP Disabled

ARP Enabled

Cache Timeout: 20 minutes Proxy: Disabled

Unicast Routing RIP Disabled

OSPF Disabled

Router Redundancy VRRP Disabled

Multicast Filtering IGMP Snooping (Layer 2) Snooping: Enabled

Querier: Disabled

IGMP (Layer 3) Disabled

Multicast Routing DVMRP Disabled

PIM-DM Disabled

System Log Status Enabled

Messages Logged Levels 0-7 (all)

Messages Logged to Flash Levels 0-3

SMTP Email Alerts Event Handler Enabled (but no server defined)

SNTP Clock Synchronization Disabled

1-9

Introduction

1-10

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command line interface (CLI).

Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To change this

address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

The switch’s HTTP web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor port connections, and display statistics using a standard web browser such as Netscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher. The switch’s web management interface can be accessed from any computer attached to the network.

The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.

The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from any system in the network using network management software such as HP OpenView.

The switch’s web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you to perform the following management functions:

• Set user names and passwords

• Set an IP interface for any VLAN

• Configure SNMP parameters

• Enable/disable any port

• Set the speed/duplex mode for any port

• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates

• Control port access through IEEE 802.1X security or static address filtering

• Filter packets using Access Control Lists (ACLs)

• Configure up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

• Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration

• Configure IP routing for unicast or multicast traffic

• Configure router redundancy

• Configure IGMP multicast filtering

• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP

• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP

2-1

Initial Configuration

• Configure Spanning Tree parameters

• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing

• Configure up to 12 static or LACP trunks

• Enable port mirroring

• Set broadcast storm control on any port

• Display system information and statistics

Required Connections

The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is provided with the switch.

Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the Installation Guide.

To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:

1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running

terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the DB-9 connector.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.

3. Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows:

• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).

• Set to any of the following baud rates: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 (Note: Set to 9600 baud if want to view all the system initialization messages.).

• Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.

• Set flow control to none.

• Set the emulation mode to VT100.

• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys.

Notes: 1. When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft® Windows® 2000, make sure that

For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-10.

you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information on Windows 2000 service packs.

2. Refer to “Line Commands” on page 4-11 for a complete description of console configuration options.

3. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be displayed.

2-2

Basic Configuration

Remote Connections

Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.

The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

Notes: 1. This switch supports four concurrent Telnet/SSH sessions.

2. Each VLAN group can be assigned its own IP interface address (page 2-4).

You can manage the switch via any of these addresses.

After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above), or from a network computer using SNMP network management software.

Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To

access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use SNMP-based network management software.

Basic Configuration

Console Connection

The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure the switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the Privileged Exec level.

Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these steps:

1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access Verification” procedure starts.

2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”

3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not displayed on the console screen.)

4. The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating you have access at the Privileged Exec level.

2-3

Initial Configuration

Setting Passwords

Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new

passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record them and put them in a safe place.

Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:

1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to access the Privileged Exec level.

2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

Username: admin Password:

CLI session with ES3628C Intelligent Standalone Switch is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].

Console#configure Console(config)#username guest password 0 [password] Console(config)#username admin password 0 [password] Console(config)#

Setting an IP Address

You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:

Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the switch, you will also need to specify the default gateway router.

Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network.

Manual Configuration

You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment (if routing is not enabled on this switch). Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default.

2-4

Basic Configuration

Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following information from your network administrator:

• IP address for the switch

• Default gateway for the network

• Network mask for this network

To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.

3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.

4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of the default gateway. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)#

Dynamic Configuration

If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp restart client” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on.

To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:

1. From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands:

• To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>.

• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “ip dhcp restart client” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>.

2-5

Initial Configuration

5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the “show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>.

6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart client Console#show ip interface IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Enabling SNMP Management Access

The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP traps.

When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.

The switch includes an SNMP agent that supports SNMP version 1, 2c, and 3 clients. To provide management access for version 1 or 2c clients, you must specify a community string. The switch provides a default MIB View (i.e., an SNMPv3 construct) for the default “public” community string that provides read access to the entire MIB tree, and a default view for the “private” community string that provides read/write access to the entire MIB tree. However, you may assign new views to version 1 or 2c community strings that suit your specific security requirements (see page 3-52).

Community Strings (for SNMP version 1 and 2c clients)

Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP version 1 and 2c stations, as well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users, and set the access level.

2-6

Basic Configuration

The default strings are:

• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects.

• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.

To prevent unauthorized access to the switch from SNMP version 1 or 2c clients, it is recommended that you change the default community strings.

To configure a community string, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type

“snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. (Note that the default mode is read only.)

2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,”

where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw Console(config)#snmp-server community private Console(config)#

Note: If you do not intend to support access to SNMP version 1 and 2c clients, we

recommend that you delete both of the default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP management access from SNMP v1 and v2c clients is disabled.

Trap Receivers

You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch. To configure a trap receiver, use the “snmp-server host” command. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type:

“snmp-server host host-address community-string

[version {1 | 2c | 3 {auth | noauth | priv}}]”

where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver, “community-string” specifies access rights for a version 1/2c host, or is the user name of a version 3 host, “version” indicates the SNMP client version, and “auth | noauth | priv” means that authentication, no authentication, or authentication and privacy is used for v3 clients. Then press <Enter>. For a more detailed description of these parameters, see “snmp-server host” on page 4-110. The following example creates a trap host for each type of SNMP client.

Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 batman Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.98 robin version 2c Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.34 barbie version 3 auth

Console(config)#

2-7

Initial Configuration

Configuring Access for SNMP Version 3 Clients

To configure management access for SNMPv3 clients, you need to first create a view that defines the portions of MIB that the client can read or write, assign the view to a group, and then assign the user to a group. The following example creates one view called “mib-2” that includes the entire MIB-2 tree branch, and then another view that includes the IEEE 802.1d bridge MIB. It assigns these respective read and read/ write views to a group call “r&d” and specifies group authentication via MD5 or SHA. In the last step, it assigns a v3 user to this group, indicating that MD5 will be used for authentication, provides the password “greenpeace” for authentication, and the password “einstien” for encryption.

Console(config)#snmp-server view mib-2 1.3.6.1.2.1 included Console(config)#snmp-server view 802.1d 1.3.6.1.2.1.17 included Console(config)#snmp-server group r&d v3 auth mib-2 802.1d Console(config)#snmp-server user steve group r&d v3 auth md5 greenpeace

priv des56 einstien

Console(config)#

For a more detailed explanation on how to configure the switch for access from SNMP v3 clients, refer to “Simple Network Management Protocol” on page 3-37, or refer to the specific CLI commands for SNMP starting on page 4-107.

Saving Configuration Settings

Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up configuration file using the “copy” command.

To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:

1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config startup-config” and press <Enter>.

2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.

Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#

2-8

Managing System Files

The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.

The three types of files are:

• Configuration — This file type stores system configuration information and is created when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. The file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system default settings and cannot be deleted from the system. If the system is booted with the factory default settings, the master unit will also create a file named

“startup1.cfg” that contains system settings for stack initialization information about the unit identifier, MAC address, and installed module type for each unit the stack. The configuration settings from the factory defaults configuration file are copied to this file, which is then used to boot the stack. See “Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings” on page 3-22 for more information. See “Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings” on page 3-23 for more information.

• Operation Code — System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and web management interfaces. See “Managing Firmware” on page 3-20 for more information.

, including

• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as POST (Power On Self-Test).

Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration files as available flash memory space allows.

In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file. During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.

Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config, the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the running-config to a permanent file.

1. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.

2-9

Initial Configuration

2-10

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Interface

This switch provides an embedded HTTP web agent. Using a web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above).

Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a

serial connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on using the CLI, refer to Chapter 4: “Command Line Interface.”

Prior to accessing the switch from a web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks:

1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway

using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.)

2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access

to the web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the onboard configuration program. (See “Setting Passwords” on page 2-4.)

3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system

configuration program.

Notes: 1.

You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated.

2. If you log into the web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view

the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.

3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass

through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e., enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring Interface Settings” on page 3-127.

3-1

Configuring the Switch

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password “admin” is used for the administrator.

Home Page

When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and statistics.

3-2

Figure 3-1 Home Page

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Configuration Options

Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration buttons.

Table 3-1 Web Page Configuration Buttons

Button Action

Apply Sets specified values to the system.

Revert Cancels specified values and restores current values prior to

Help Links directly to web help.

Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is

configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”

2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the

screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button.

pressing “Apply.”

Panel Display

The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The Mode can be set to display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex (i.e., half or full duplex), or Flow Control (i.e., with or without flow control). Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-91.

Figure 3-2 Front Panel Indicators

3-3

Configuring the Switch

Main Menu

Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu

Menu Description Page

System 3-12

System Information Provides basic system description, including contact information 3-12

Switch Information Shows the number of ports, hardware/firmware version

Bridge Extension Shows the bridge extension parameters 3-15

Jumbo Frames Enables support for jumbo frames 3-16

File Management 3-20

Copy Operation Allows the transfer and copying files 3-20

Delete Allows deletion of files from the flash memory 3-20

Set Startup Sets the startup file 3-20

Line 3-25

Console Sets console port connection parameters 3-25

Telnet Sets Telnet connection parameters 3-27

Log 3-29

Logs Sends error messages to a logging process 3-29

System Logs Stores and displays error messages 3-32

Remote Logs Configures the logging of messages to a remote logging process 3-30

SMTP Sends an SMTP client message to a participating server 3-32

Reset Restarts the switch 3-34

SNTP 3-35

Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including a specified list of

Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the system clock 3-36

SNMP 3-37

Configuration Configures community strings and related trap functions 3-39

Agent Status Enables or disables SNMP 3-38

numbers, and power status

servers

3-13

3-35

3-4

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

SNMPv3 3-42

Engine ID Sets the SNMP v3 engine ID 3-43

Remote Engine ID Sets the SNMP v3 engine ID on a remote device 3-43

Users Configures SNMP v3 users 3-44

Remote Users Configures SNMP v3 users on a remote device 3-46

Groups Configures SNMP v3 groups 3-48

Views Configures SNMP v3 views 3-52

Security 3-38

User Accounts Configures user names, passwords, and access levels 3-53

Authentication Settings Configures authentication sequence, RADIUS and TACACS 3-55

HTTPS Settings Configures secure HTTP settings 3-58

SSH 3-60

Settings Configures Secure Shell server settings 3-63

Host-Key Settings Generates the host key pair (public and private) 3-61

Port Security Configures per port security, including status, response for

security breach, and maximum allowed MAC addresses

802.1X Port authentication 3-67

Information Displays global configuration settings 3-68

Configuration Configures global configuration parameters 3-69

Port Configuration Sets the authentication mode for individual ports 3-69

Statistics Displays protocol statistics for the selected port 3-72

ACL 3-76

Configuration Configures packet filtering based on IP or MAC addresses 3-76

Mask Configuration Controls the order in which ACL rules are checked 3-83

Port Binding Binds a port to the specified ACL 3-87

IP Filter Configures IP addresses that are allowed management access 3-74

Port 3-88

Port Information Displays port connection status 3-88

Trunk Information Displays trunk connection status 3-88

Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-91

Trunk Configuration Configures trunk connection settings 3-91

Trunk Membership Specifies ports to group into static trunks 3-94

3-65

3-5

Configuring the Switch

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

LACP 3-93

Configuration Allows ports to dynamically join trunks 3-95

Aggregation Port Configures parameters for link aggregation group members 3-98

Port Counters Information Displays statistics for LACP protocol messages 3-101

Port Internal Information Displays settings and operational state for the local side 3-102

Port Neighbors Information Displays settings and operational state for the remote side 3-104

Port Broadcast Control Sets the broadcast storm threshold for each port 3-105

Trunk Broadcast Control Sets the broadcast storm threshold for each trunk 3-105

Mirror Port Configuration Sets the source and target ports for mirroring 3-107

Rate Limit 3-108

Input Port Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each port 3-108

Input Trunk Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each trunk 3-108

Output Port Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each port 3-108

Output Trunk Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each trunk 3-108

Port Statistics Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics 3-109

Address Table 3-113

Static Addresses Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN 3-113

Dynamic Addresses Displays or edits static entries in the Address Table 3-114

Address Aging Sets timeout for dynamically learned entries 3-116

Spanning Tree 3-116

STA

Information Displays STA values used for the bridge 3-117

Configuration Configures global bridge settings for STP, RSTP and MSTP 3-120

Port Information Displays individual port settings for STA 3-124

Trunk Information Displays individual trunk settings for STA 3-124

Port Configuration Configures individual port settings for STA 3-127

Trunk Configuration Configures individual trunk settings for STA 3-127

MSTP

VLAN Configuration Configures priority and VLANs for a spanning tree instance 3-129

Port Information Displays port settings for a specified MST instance 3-132

Trunk Information Displays trunk settings for a specified MST instance 3-132

Port Configuration Configures port settings for a specified MST instance 3-133

3-6

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

Trunk Configuration Configures trunk settings for a specified MST instance 3-133

VLAN 3-135

802.1Q VLAN

GVRP Status Enables GVRP VLAN registration protocol 3-138

Basic Information Displays information on the VLAN type supported by this switch 3-138

Current Table Shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or

Static List Used to create or remove VLAN groups 3-140

Static Table Modifies the settings for an existing VLAN 3-141

Static Membership by Port Configures membership type for interfaces, including tagged,

Port Configuration Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes 3-144

Trunk Configuration Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes 3-144

Private VLAN

Status Enables or disables the private VLAN 3-146

Link Status Configures the private VLAN 3-147

Protocol VLAN

Configuration Creates a protocol group, specifying the supported protocols 3-148

Port Configuration Maps a protocol group to a VLAN 3-149

Priority 3-150

Default Port Priority Sets the default priority for each port 3-150

Default Trunk Priority Sets the default priority for each trunk 3-150

Traffic Classes Maps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output queues 3-152

Traffic Classes Status Enables/disables traffic class priorities (not implemented) NA

Queue Mode Sets queue mode to strict priority or Weighted Round-Robin 3-154

Queue Scheduling Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-154

IP Precedence/ DSCP Priority Status

IP Precedence Priority Sets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the precedence tag to

IP DSCP Priority Sets IP Differentiated Services Code Point priority, mapping a

IP Port Priority Status Globally enables or disables IP Port Priority 3-160

IP Port Priority Sets TCP/UDP port priority, defining the socket number and

not the port is tagged or untagged

untagged or forbidden

Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables both.

a class-of-service value

DSCP tag to a class-of-service value

associated class-of-service value

3-139

3-143

3-156

3-157

3-158

3-160

3-7

Configuring the Switch

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

QoS 3-161

DiffServ Configure QoS classification criteria and service policies 3-161

Class Map Creates a class map for a type of traffic 3-162

Policy Map Creates a policy map for multiple interfaces 3-165

Service Policy Applies a policy map defined to an ingress port 3-168

IGMP Snooping 3-169

IGMP Configuration Enables multicast filtering; configures parameters for multicast

Multicast Router Port Information

Static Multicast Router Port Configuration

IP Multicast Registration Table

IGMP Member Port Table Indicates multicast addresses associated with the selected

DNS 3-182

General Configuration Enables DNS; configures domain name and domain list; and

Static Host Table Configures static entries for domain name to address mapping 3-184

Cache Displays cache entries discovered by designated name servers 3-186

DHCP 3-187

Relay Configuration Specifies DHCP relay servers; enables or disables relay service 3-187

Server Configures DHCP server parameters 3-187

General Enables DHCP server; configures excluded address range 3-189

Pool Configuration Configures address pools for network groups or a specific host 3-191

IP Binding Displays addresses currently bound to DHCP clients 3-195

IP 3-205

General 3-208

Global Settings Enables or disables routing, specifies the default gateway 3-208

Routing Interface Configures the IP interface for the specified VLAN 3-209

query

Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router for each VLAN ID

Assigns ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router 3-174

Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID

VLAN

specifies IP address of name servers for dynamic lookup

3-171

3-173

3-175

3-176

3-182

3-8

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

ARP 3-211

General Sets the pro tocol timeout, and enables or disables proxy AR P for

Static Addresses Statically maps a physical address to an IP address 3-213

Dynamic Addresses Shows dynamically learned entries in the IP routing table 3-214

Other Addresses Shows internal addresses used by the switch 3-215

Statistics Shows statistics on ARP requests sent and received 3-216

IGMP 3-177

Interface Settings Configures Layer 3 IGMP for specific VLAN interfaces 3-177

Group Membership Displays the current multicast groups learned via IGMP 3-181

Statistics 3-217

IP Shows statistics for IP traffic, including the amount of traffic,

ICMP Shows statistics for ICMP traffic, including the amount of traffic,

UDP Shows statistics for UDP, including the amount of traffic and

TCP Shows statistics for T CP, including the amount of traffic and TCP

Routing 3-206

Static Routes Configures and display static routing entries 3-223

Routing Table Shows all routing entries, including local, static and dynamic

Multicast Routing 3-261

General Settings Globally enables multicast routing 3-261

Multicast Routing Table Shows each multicast route this switch has learned 3-262

VRRP 3-197

Group Configuration Configures VRRP groups, including virtual interface address,

Global Statistics Displays global statistics for VRRP protocol packet errors 3-202

Group Statistics Displays statistics for VRRP protocol events and errors on the

the specified VLAN

address errors, routing, fragmentation and reassembly

protocol errors, and the number of echoes, timestamps, and address masks

errors

connection activity

routes

advertisement interval, preemption, priority, and authentication

specified VRRP group and interface

3-212

3-217

3-219

3-221

3-222

3-224

3-197

3-203

3-9

Configuring the Switch

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

Routing Protocol 3-207

RIP 3-225

General Settings Enables or disables RIP, sets the global RIP version and timer

Network Addresses Configures the network interfaces that will use RIP 3-228

Interface Settings Configures RIP parameters for each interface, including send

Statistics Displays general information on update time, route changes and

OSPF 3-235

General Configuration Enables or disables OSPF; also configures the Router ID and

Area Configuration Specifies rules for importing routes into each area 3-239

Area Range Configuration Configures route summaries to advertise at an area boundary 3-242

Interface Configuration Shows area ID and designated router; also configures OSPF

Virtual Link Configuration Configures a virtual link through a transit area to the backbone 3-248

Network Area Address Configuration

Summary Address Configuration

Redistribute Configuration Redistributes routes from one routing domain to another 3-254

NSSA Settings Configures settings for importing routes into or exporting routes

Link State Database Information

Border Router Information Displays routing table entries for area border routers and

Neighbor Information Displays information about neighboring routers on each

DVMRP 3-265

General Settings Configure global settings for prune and graft messages, and the

Interface Settings Enables/disables DVMRP per interface and sets the route metric 3-268

Neighbor Information Displays neighboring DVMRP routers 3-270

Routing Table Displays DVMRP routing information 3-271

values

and receive versions, message loopback prevention, and authentication

number of queries, as well as a list of statistics for known interfaces and neighbors

various other global settings

protocol settings and authentication for each interface

Defines OSPF areas and associated interfaces 3-250

Aggregates routes learned from other protocols for advertising into other autonomous systems

out of not-so-stubby areas

Shows information about different OSPF Link State Advertisements (LSAs) stored in this router’s database

autonomous system boundary routers

interface within an OSPF area

exchange of routing information

3-226

3-229

3-232

3-236

3-244

3-253

3-255

3-257

3-259

3-260

3-265

3-10

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)

Menu Description Page

PIM-DM

General Settings Enables or disables PIM-DM globally for the switch 3-272

Interface Settings Enables or disables PIM-DM per interface, configures protocol

settings for hello, prune and graft messages

Interface Information Displays summary information for each interface 3-276

Neighbor Information Displays neighboring PIM-DM routers 3-276

3-273

3-11

Configuring the Switch

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and contact information.

Field Attributes

• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.

• Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem.

• Location – Specifies the system location.

• Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.

• System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.

These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.

• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.

• Web server – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled.

• Web server port – Shows the TCP port number used by the web interface.

• Web secure server – Shows if management access via HTTPS is enabled.

• Web secure server port – Shows the TCP port used by the HTTPS interface.

• Telnet server – Shows if management access via Telnet is enabled.

• Telnet server port – Shows the TCP port used by the Telnet interface.

• Authentication login – Shows the user login authentication sequence.

• Jumbo Frame – Shows if jumbo frames are enabled.

• POST result – Shows results of the power-on self-test

Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.)

Figure 3-3 System Information

3-12

Basic Configuration

CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information.

Console(config)#hostname R&D 5 4-26 Console(config)#snmp-server location WC 9 4-110 Console(config)#snmp-server contact Ted 4-109 Console(config)#exit Console#show system 4-60 System description: 24/48 L3 GE Switch System OID String: 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75 System information

System Up Time: 0 days, 7 hours, 0 minutes, and 33.99 seconds System Name: R&D 5 System Location: WC 9 System Contact: Ted MAC Address (unit1): 00-30-F1-D4-73-A0 Web Server: Enabled Web Server Port: 80 Web Secure Server: Enabled Web Secure Server Port: 443 Telnet Server: Enable Telnet Server Port: 23 Authentication login: local RADIUS none Jumbo Frame: Disabled

POST Result:

DUMMY Test 1 ................. PASS

UART Loopback Test ........... PASS

DRAM Test .................... PASS

Timer Test ................... PASS

PCI Device 1 Test ............ PASS

Switch Int Loopback Test ..... PASS

Done All Pass. Console#

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system.

Field Attributes

Main Board

• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.

• Number of Ports – Number of built-in ports.

• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.

• Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply.

Management Software

• EPLD Version – Version number of EEPROM Programmable Logic Device.

• Loader Version – Version number of loader code.

• Boot-ROM Version – Version of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code.

3-13

Configuring the Switch

• Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code.

• Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master or Slave

These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.

• Unit ID – Unit number in stack2.

• Redundant Power Status – Displays the status of the redundant power supply.

Web – Click System, Switch Information.

Figure 3-4 Switch Information

CLI – Use the following command to display version information.

Console#show version 4-62 Unit 1

Serial number: S447014288 Hardware version: R01A EPLD version: 0.03 Number of ports: 28 Main power status: up Redundant power status: not present

Agent (master)

Unit ID: 1 Loader Version: 1.0.1.4 Boot ROM Version: 1.0.1.6 Operation Code Version: 3.1.0.18

Console#

2. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.

3-14

Basic Configuration

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to display default settings for the key variables.

Field Attributes

• Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol).

• Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic classes. (Refer to “Class of Service Configuration” on page 3-150.)

• Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and multicast addresses. (Refer to “Setting Static Addresses” on page 3-113.)

• VLAN Learning – This switch uses Independent VLAN Learning (IVL), where each port maintains its own filtering database.

• Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-135.)

• Local VLAN Capable – This switch does not support multiple local bridges outside of the scope of 802.1Q defined VLANs.

• GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic multicast filtering.

Web – Click System, Bridge Extension.

Figure 3-5 Displaying Bridge Extension Configuration

3-15

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Enter the following command.

Console#show bridge-ext 4-203

Max support VLAN numbers: 256 Max support VLAN ID: 4094 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: No Traffic classes: Enabled Global GVRP status: Disabled GMRP: Disabled

Console#

Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames

The switch provides more efficient throughput for large sequential data transfers by supporting jumbo frames up to 9216 bytes. Compared to standard Ethernet frames that run only up to 1.5 KB, using jumbo frames significantly reduces the per-packet overhead required to process protocol encapsulation fields.

Command Usage

To use jumbo frames, both the source and destination end nodes (such as a computer or server) must support this feature. Also, when the connection is operating at full duplex, all switches in the network between the two end nodes must be able to accept the extended frame size. And for half-duplex connections, all devices in the collision domain would need to support jumbo frames.

Command Attributes

Jumbo Packet Status – Configures support for jumbo frames. (Default: Disabled)

Web – Click System, Jumbo Frames. Enable or disable support for jumbo frames,

and click Apply.

Figure 3-6 Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames

CLI – This example enables jumbo frames globally for the switch.

Console(config)#jumbo frame 4-63 Console(config)#

3-16

Basic Configuration

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

This section describes how to configure an initial IP interface for management access over the network. The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually configure an address, you need to change the switch’s default settings to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations that exist on another network segment (if routing is not enabled on this switch).

You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Command Usage

• This section describes how to configure a single local interface for initial access to the switch. To configure multiple IP interfaces on this switch, you must set up an IP interface for each VLAN (page 3-209).

• To enable routing between the different interfaces on this switch, you must enable IP routing (page 3-208).

• To enable routing between the interfaces defined on this switch and external network interfaces, you must configure static routes (page 3-223) or use dynamic routing; i.e., either RIP (page 3-225) or OSPF (page 3-235).

• The precedence for configuring IP interfaces is the IP / General / Routing Interface menu (page 3-209), static routes (page 3-223), and then dynamic routing.

Command Attributes

• VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (1-4094). By default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1. However, the management station can be attached to a port belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has been assigned an IP address.

• IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

• IP Address – Address of the VLAN to which the management station is attached. (Note you can manage the switch through any configured IP interface.) Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.0)

• Default Gateway – IP address of the gateway router between the switch and management stations that exist on other network segments. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

3-17

Configuring the Switch

Manual Configuration

Web – Click IP, General, Routing Interface. Select the VLAN through which the

management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to “Static,” and specify a “Primary” interface. Enter the IP address, subnet mask and gateway, then click Apply.

Figure 3-7 IP Interface Configuration - Manual

Click IP, Global Setting. If this switch and management stations exist on other network segments, then specify the default gateway, and click Apply.

Figure 3-8 Default Gateway

CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-143 Console(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.253 255.255.255.0 4-243 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 10.1.0.254 4-245 Console(config)#

3-18

Basic Configuration

Using DHCP/BOOTP

If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be dynamically configured by these services.

Web – Click IP, General, Routing Interface. Specify the VLAN to which the management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Click Apply to save your changes. Then click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new address. Note that the switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration settings on each power reset.

Figure 3-9 IP Interface Configuration - DHCP

Note: If you lose your management connection, make a console connection and enter

“show ip interface” to determine the new switch address.

CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP address mode to DHCP or BOOTP, and then enter the “ip dhcp restart client” command.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-143 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp 4-243 Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart client 4-122 Console#show ip interface 4-245

Vlan 1 is up, addressing mode is DHCP

Interface address is 192.168.1.253, mask is 255.255.255.0, Primary MTU is 1500 bytes Proxy ARP is disabled Split horizon is enabled

Console#

3-19

Configuring the Switch

Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a specific period of time. If the address expires or the network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service via the CLI.

Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be able to renew the IP settings via the web interface. You can only restart DHCP service via the web interface if the current address is still available.

CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service.

Console#ip dhcp restart client 4-122 Console#

switch is moved to another

Managing Firmware

You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server, or copy files to and from switch units in a stack file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the

switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version. You must specify the method of file transfer, along with the file type and file names as required.

Command Attributes

• File Transfer Method – The firmware copy operation includes these options:

- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.

- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.

- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.

- file to unit – Copies a file from this switch to another unit in the stack

- unit to file – Copies a file from another unit in the stack to this switch3.

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Type – Specify opcode (operational code) to copy firmware.

• File Name – the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

• Source/Destination Unit – Stack unit

Up to two copies of the system software (i.e., the runtime firmware) can be stored

Note:

in the file directory on the switch. The currently designated startup version of this file cannot be deleted.

The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

. By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that

the leading letter of

. (Range: 1 - 1)

3. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.

3-20

Basic Configuration

Downloading System Software from a Server

When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file.

Web – Click System, File Management, Copy Operation. Select “tftp to file” as the file transfer method, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, set the file type to “opcode,” enter the file name of the software to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Apply. If you replaced the current firmware used for startup and want to start using the new operation code, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

Figure 3-10 Copy Firmware

If you download to a new destination file, go to the File Management, Set Start-Up menu, mark the operation code file used at startup, and click Apply. To start the new firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

Figure 3-11 Setting the Startup Code

3-21

Configuring the Switch

To delete a file select System, File Management, Delete. Select the file name from the given list by checking the tick box and click Apply. Note that the file currently designated as the startup code cannot be deleted.

Figure 3-12 Deleting Files

CLI – To download new firmware form a TFTP server, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, select “config” as the file type, then enter the source and destination file names. When the file has finished downloading, set the new file to start up the system, and then restart the switch.

To start the new firmware, enter the “reload” command or reboot the system.

Console#copy tftp file 4-64 TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19 Choose file type:

1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2

Source file name: V3.1.0.18.bix Destination file name: V31018 \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console#config Console(config)#boot system opcode:V31018 4-68 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-23

3-22

Basic Configuration

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server, or copy files to and from switch units in a stack

to restore the switch’s settings.

Command Attributes

• File Transfer Method – The configuration copy operation includes these options:

- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.

- file to running-config – Copies a file in the switch to the running configuration.

- file to startup-config – Copies a file in the switch to the startup configuration.

- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.

- running-config to file – Copies the running configuration to a file.

- running-config to startup-config – Copies the running config to the startup config.

- running-config to tftp – Copies the running configuration to a TFTP server.

- startup-config to file – Copies the startup configuration to a file on the switch.

- startup-config to running-config – Copies the startup config to the running config.

- startup-config to tftp – Copies the startup configuration to a TFTP server.

- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.

- tftp to running-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the running config.

- tftp to startup-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the startup config.

- file to unit – Copies a file from this switch to another unit in the stack

- unit to file – Copies a file from another unit in the stack to this switch4.

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Type – Specify config (configuration) to copy configuration settings.

•

File Name

leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

• Source/Destination Unit – Stack unit

Note: The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by

— The configuration file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

available flash memory space.

. The configuration file can be later downloaded

the

. (Range: 1 - 1)

4. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.

3-23

Configuring the Switch

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch.

Web – Click System, File Management, Copy Operation. Choose “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file,” and enter the IP address of the TFTP server. Specify the name of the file to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, and then click Apply.

Figure 3-13 Downloading Configuration Settings for Start-Up

If you download to a new file name using “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file,” the file is automatically set as the start-up configuration file. To use the new settings, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu. You can also select any configuration file as the start-up configuration by using the System/File Management/Set Start-Up page.

Figure 3-14 Setting the Startup Configuration Settings

3-24

Basic Configuration

CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server, set the startup file name on the switch, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp startup-config 4-64 TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19 Source configuration file name: config-1 Startup configuration file name [] : startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#reload

To select another configuration file as the start-up configuration, use the boot system command and then restart the switch.

Console#config Console(config)#boot system config: startup 4-68 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-23

Console Port Settings

You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the switch’s serial console port. Management access through the console port is controlled by various parameters, including a password, timeouts, and basic communication settings. These parameters can be configured via the web or CLI interface.

Command Attributes

• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the

CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is terminated for the session. (Range: 0 - 300 seconds; Default: 0)

• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.

If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is terminated. (Range: 0 - 65535 seconds; Default: 0 seconds)

• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the

number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt. (Range: 0-120; Default: 3 attempts)

• Silent Time – Sets the amount of time the management console is inaccessible

after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts has been exceeded. (Range: 0-65535; Default: 0)

• Data Bits – Sets the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and

generated by the console port. If parity is being generated, specify 7 data bits per character. If no parity is required, specify 8 data bits per character. (Default: 8 bits)

• Parity – Defines the generation of a parity bit. Communication protocols provided

by some terminals can require a specific parity bit setting. Specify Even, Odd, or None. (Default: None)

3-25

Configuring the Switch

• Speed – Sets the terminal line’s baud rate for transmit (to terminal) and receive (from terminal). Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to the serial port. (Range: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or 115200 baud, Auto; Default: Auto)

• Stop Bits – Sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte. (Range: 1-2; Default: 1 stop bit)

• Password5 – Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password. If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No password)

• Login5 – Enables password checking at login. You can select authentication by a single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by passwords set up for specific user-name accounts. (Default: Local)

Web – Click System, Line, Console. Specify the console port connection parameters as required, then click Apply.

5. CLI only.

3-26

Figure 3-15 Configuring the Console Port

Basic Configuration

CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for the console, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current console port settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.

Console(config)#line console 4-12 Console(config-line)#login local 4-12 Console(config-line)#password 0 secret 4-13 Console(config-line)#timeout login response 0 4-14 Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 4-15 Console(config-line)#password-thresh 5 4-15 Console(config-line)#silent-time 60 4-16 Console(config-line)#databits 8 4-17 Console(config-line)#parity none 4-17 Console(config-line)#speed auto 4-18 Console(config-line)#stopbits 1 4-18 Console(config-line)#end Console#show line console 4-19

Console configuration:

Password threshold: 5 times Interactive timeout: Disabled Login timeout: Disabled Silent time: 60 Baudrate: auto Databits: 8 Parity: none Stopbits: 1

Console#

Telnet Settings

You can access the onboard configuration program over the network using Telnet (i.e., a virtual terminal). Management access via Telnet can be enabled/disabled and other various parameters set, including the TCP port number, timeouts, and a password. These parameters can be configured via the web or CLI interface.

Command Attributes

• Telnet Status – Enables or disables Telnet access to the switch.

(Default: Enabled)

• Telnet Port Number – Sets the TCP port number for Telnet on the switch.

(Default: 23)

• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the

CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is terminated for the session. (Range: 0 - 300 seconds; Default: 300 seconds)

• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.

If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is terminated. (Range: 0 - 65535 seconds; Default: 600 seconds)

• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the

3-27

Configuring the Switch

• Password6 – Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password. If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No password)

• Login

– Enables password checking at login. You can select authentication by a single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by passwords set up for specific user-name accounts. (Default: Local)

Web – Click System, Line, Telnet. Specify the connection parameters for Telnet access, then click Apply.

Figure 3-16 Configuring the Telnet Interface

CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for a virtual terminal, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current virtual terminal settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.

Console(config)#line vty 4-12 Console(config-line)#login local 4-12 Console(config-line)#password 0 secret 4-13 Console(config-line)#timeout login response 300 4-14 Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 600 4-15 Console(config-line)#password-thresh 3 4-15 Console(config-line)#end Console#show line vty 4-19

VTY configuration:

Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: 600 sec Login timeout: 300 sec

Console#

6. CLI only.

3-28

Basic Configuration

Configuring Event Logging

The switch allows you to control the logging of error messages, including the type of events that are recorded in switch memory, logging to a remote System Log (syslog) server, and displays a list of recent event messages.

System Log Configuration

The system allows you to enable or disable event logging, and specify which levels are logged to RAM or flash memory.

Severe error messages that are logged to flash memory are permanently stored in the switch to assist in troubleshooting network problems. Up to 4096 log entries can be stored in the flash memory, with the oldest entries being overwritten first when the available log memory (256 kilobytes) has been exceeded.

The System Logs page allows you to configure and limit system messages that are logged to flash or RAM memory. The default is for event levels 0 to 3 to be logged to flash and levels 0 to 7 to be logged to RAM.

Command Attributes

• System Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to

the logging process. (Default: Enabled)

• Flash Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s permanent flash memory

for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all

messages from level 0 to level 3 will be logged to flash. (Range: 0-7, Default: 3)

Table 3-3 Logging Levels

Level Severity Name Description

7 Debug Debugging messages

6 Informational Informational messages only

5 Notice Normal but significant condition, such as cold start

4 Warning Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return)

3 Error Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used)

2 Critical Critical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory

1 Alert Immediate action needed

0 Emergency System unusable

* There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release.

error - resource exhausted)

• RAM Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s temporary RAM memory

for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 7 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 7 will be logged to RAM. (Range: 0-7, Default: 7)

The Flash Level must be equal to or less than the RAM Level.

Note:

3-29

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click System, Logs, System Logs. Specify System Log Status, set event messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory, then click Apply.

Figure 3-17 System Logs

CLI – Enable system logging and then specify the level of messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory. Use the show logging command to display the current settings.

Console(config)#logging on 4-43 Console(config)#logging history ram 0 4-44 Console(config)# Console#show logging ram 4-47 Syslog logging: Disabled History logging in RAM: level emergencies Console#

the level of

Remote Log Configuration

The Remote Logs page allows you to configure the logging of messages that are sent to syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the event messages sent to only those messages at or above a specified level.

Command Attributes

• Remote Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to the remote logging process. (Default: Disabled)

• Logging Facility – Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages. There are eight facility types specified by values of 16 to 23. The facility type is used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service.

The attribute specifies the facility type tag sent in syslog messages. (See RFC

3164.) This type has no effect on the kind of messages reported by the switch. However, it may be used by the syslog server to process messages, such as sorting or storing messages in the corresponding database. (Range: 16-23, Default: 23)

• Logging Trap – Limits log messages that are sent to the remote syslog server for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be sent to the remote server. (Range: 0-7, Default: 7)

• Host IP List – Displays the list of remote server IP addresses that will receive syslog messages. The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five.

• Host IP Address – Specifies a new server IP address to add to the Host IP List.

3-30

Basic Configuration

Web – Click System, Logs, Remote Logs. To add an IP address to the Host IP List, type the new IP address in the Host IP Address box, and then click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the Host IP List, and then click Remove.

Figure 3-18 Remote Logs

CLI – Enter the syslog server host IP address, choose the facility type and set the logging trap.

Console(config)#logging host 10.1.0.9 4-45 Console(config)#logging facility 23 4-45 Console(config)#logging trap 4 4-46 Console(config)#logging trap Console(config)#exit Console#show logging trap 4-47 Syslog logging: Enabled REMOTELOG status: Disabled REMOTELOG facility type: local use 7 REMOTELOG level type: Warning conditions REMOTELOG server ip address: 10.1.0.9 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0 Console#

3-31

Configuring the Switch

Displaying Log Messages

Use the Logs page to scroll through the logged system and event messages. The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent flash memory.

Web – Click System, Log, Logs.

Figure 3-19 Displaying Logs

CLI – This example shows the event message stored in RAM.

Console#show log ram 4-49 [1] 00:01:30 2001-01-01

"VLAN 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 5, function: 1, and event no.: 1

[0] 00:01:30 2001-01-01

"Unit 1, Port 1 link-up notification." level: 6, module: 5, function: 1, and event no.: 1

Console#

Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts

To alert system administrators of problems, the switch can use SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to send email messages when triggered by logging events of a specified level. The messages are sent to specified SMTP servers on the network and can be retrieved using POP or IMAP clients.

Command Attributes

• Admin Status – Enables/disables the SMTP function. (Default: Enabled)

• Email Source Address – Sets the email address used for the “From” field in alert messages. You may use a symbolic email address that identifies the switch, or the address of an administrator responsible for the switch.

• Severity – Sets the syslog severity threshold level (see table on page 3-29) used to trigger alert messages. All events at this level or higher will be sent to the configured email recipients. For example, using Level 7 will report all events from level 7 to level 0. (Default: Level 7)

3-32

Basic Configuration

• SMTP Server List – Specifies a list of up to three recipient SMTP servers. The

switch attempts to connect to the other listed servers if the first fails. Use the New SMTP Server text field and the Add/Remove buttons to configure the list.

• Email Destination Address List – Specifies the email recipients of alert

messages. You can specify up to five recipients. Use the New Email Destination Address text field and the Add/Remove buttons to configure the list.

Web – Click System, Log, SMTP. Enable SMTP, specify a source email address, and select the minimum severity level. To add an IP address to the SMTP Server List, type the new IP address in the SMTP Server field and click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the SMTP Server List and click Remove. Specify up to five email addresses to receive the alert messages, and click Apply.

Figure 3-20 Enabling and Configuring SMTP Alerts

3-33

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Enter the IP address of at least one SMTP server, set the syslog severity level to trigger an email message, and specify the switch (source) and up to five recipient (destination) email addresses. Enable SMTP with the logging sendmail command to complete the configuration. Use the show logging sendmail command to display the current SMTP configuration.

Console(config)#logging sendmail host 192.168.1.4 4-50 Console(config)#logging sendmail level 3 4-50 Console(config)#logging sendmail source-email

big-wheels@matel.com 4-51

Console(config)#logging sendmail destination-email

chris@matel.com 4-51 Console(config)#logging sendmail 4-52 Console(config)#exit Console#show logging sendmail 4-52 SMTP servers

-----------------------------------------------

1. 192.168.1.4

SMTP minimum severity level: 4

SMTP destination email addresses

-----------------------------------------------

1. chris@matel.com

SMTP source email address: big-wheels@matel.com

SMTP status: Enabled Console#

Resetting the System

Web – Click System, Reset. Click the Reset button to restart the switch. When

prompted, confirm that you want reset the switch.

Figure 3-21 Resetting the System

CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch.

Console#reload 4-23 System will be restarted, continue <y/n>?

When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test.

Note:

3-34

Basic Configuration

Setting the System Clock

Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock using the CLI. (See “calendar set” on page 4-56.) If the clock is not set, the switch will only record the time from the factory default set at the last bootup.

When the SNTP client is enabled, the switch periodically sends a request for a time update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence.

Configuring SNTP

You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to time servers.

Command Attributes

• SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client. This requires at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field. (Default: Disabled)

• SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update from a time server. (Range: 16-16384 seconds; Default: 16 seconds)

• SNTP Server – Sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update from the next server in the sequence.

Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click Apply.

Figure 3-22 SNTP Configuration

3-35

Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client and then displays the current time and settings.

Console(config)#sntp client 4-53 Console(config)#sntp poll 16 4-55 Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2 4-54 Console(config)#exit Console#show sntp 4-55 Current time: Jan 6 14:56:05 2004 Poll interval: 60 Current mode: unicast SNTP status : Enabled SNTP server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2 Current server: 128.250.36.2 Console#

Setting the Time Zone

SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC.

Command Attributes

• Current Time – Displays the current time.

• Name – Assigns a name to the time zone. (Range: 1-29 characters)

• Hours (0-13) – The number of hours before/after UTC.

• Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC.

• Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC.

Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to the UTC, and click Apply.

Figure 3-23 Clock Time Zone

CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock.

Console(config)#clock timezone Dhaka hours 6 minute 0 after-UTC 4-56 Console#

3-36

Simple Network Management Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential problems.

Managed devices supporting SNMP contain software, which runs locally on the device and is referred to as an agent. A defined set of variables, known as managed objects, is maintained by the SNMP agent and used to manage the device. These objects are defined in a Management Information Base (MIB) that provides a standard presentation of the information controlled by the agent. SNMP defines both the format of the MIB specifications and the protocol used to access this information over the network.

The switch includes an onboard agent that supports SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3. This agent continuously monitors the status of the switch hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A network management station can access this information using software such as HP OpenView. Access to the onboard agent from clients using SNMP v1 and v2c is controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid community string for authentication.

Access to the switch using from clients using SNMPv3 provides additional security features that cover message integrity, authentication, and encryption; as well as controlling user access to specific areas of the MIB tree.

The SNMPv3 security structure consists of security models, with each model having it’s own security levels. There are three security models defined, SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3. Users are assigned to “groups” that are defined by a security model and specified security levels. Each group also has a defined security access to set of MIB objects for reading and writing, which are known as “views.” The switch has a default view (all MIB objects) and default groups defined for

3-37

Configuring the Switch

security models v1 and v2c. The following table shows the security models and levels available and the system default settings.

Table 3-4 SNMPv3 Security Models and Levels

Model Level Group Read View Write View Notify View Security

v1 noAuthNoPriv public

v1 noAuthNoPriv private

v1 noAuthNoPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined Community string only

v2c noAuthNoPriv public

v2c noAuthNoPriv private

v2c noAuthNoPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined Community string only

v3 noAuthNoPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined A user name match only

v3 AuthNoPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined Provides user

v3 AuthPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined Provides user

(read only)

(read/write)

(read only)

(read/write)

defaultview none none Community string only

defaultview defaultview none Community string only

defaultview none none Community string only

defaultview defaultview none Community string only

authentication via MD5 or SHA algorithms

authentication via MD5 or SHA algorithms and data privacy using DES 56-bit encryption

Note:

The predefined default groups and view can be deleted from the system. You can then define customized groups and views for the SNMP clients that require access.

Enabling the SNMP Agent

Enables SNMPv3 service for all management clients (i.e., versions 1, 2c, 3).

Command Attributes

SNMP Agent Status – Enables SNMP on the switch.

Web – Click SNMP, Agent Status. Enable the SNMP Agent by marking the Enabled

checkbox, and click Apply.

Figure 3-24 Enabling the SNMP Agent

3-38

Simple Network Management Protocol

CLI – The following example enables SNMP on the switch.

Console(config)#snmp-server 4-107 Console(config)#

Setting Community Access Strings

You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access by clients using SNMP v1 and v2c. All community strings used for IP Trap Managers should be listed in this table. For security reasons, you should consider removing the default strings.

Command Attributes

• SNMP Community Capability – The switch supports up to five community strings.

• Current – Displays a list of the community strings currently configured.

• Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol.

Default strings: “public” (read-only access), “private” (read/write access) Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive

• Access Mode – Specifies the access rights for the community string:

- Read-Only – Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB

objects.

- Read/Write – Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and

modify MIB objects.

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.

Figure 3-25 Configuring SNMP Community Strings

CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access.

Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw Console(config)#

4-109

3-39

Configuring the Switch

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to specified trap managers. You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to your management station (using network management platforms such as HP OpenView). You can specify up to five management stations that will receive authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch.

Command Usage

• If you specify an SNMP Version 3 host, then the “Trap Manager Community String” is interpreted as an SNMP user name. If you use V3 authentication or encryption options (authNoPriv or authPriv), the user name must first be defined in the SNMPv3 Users page (page 3-44). Otherwise, the authentication password and/or privacy password will not exist, and the switch will not authorize SNMP access for the host. However, if you specify a V3 host with the no authentication (noAuth) option, an SNMP user account will be automatically generated, and the switch will authorize SNMP access for the host.

• Notifications are issued by the switch as trap messages by default. The recipient of a trap message does not send a response to the switch. Traps are therefore not as reliable as inform messages, which include a request for acknowledgement of receipt. Informs can be used to ensure that critical information is received by the host. However, note that informs consume more system resources because they must be kept in memory until a response is received. Informs also add to network traffic. You should consider these effects when deciding whether to issue notifications as traps or informs.

To send an inform to a SNMPv2c host, complete these steps:

1. Enable the SNMP agent (page 3-38).

2. Enable trap informs as described in the following pages.

3. Create a view with the required notification messages (page 3-52).

4. Create a group that includes the required notify view (page 3-48).

To send an inform to a SNMPv3 host, complete these steps:

1. Enable the SNMP agent (page 3-38).

2. Enable trap informs as described in the following pages.

3. Create a view with the required notification messages (page 3-52).

4. Create a group that includes the required notify view (page 3-48).

5. Specify a remote engine ID where the user resides (page 3-43).

6. Then configure a remote user (page 3-46).

Command Attributes

• Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers.

• Current – Displays a list of the trap managers currently configured.

• Trap Manager IP Address – IP address of a new management station to receive notification messages.

• Trap Manager Community String – Specifies a valid community string for the new trap manager entry. Though you can set this string in the Trap Managers table, we recommend that you define this string in the SNMP Configuration page (for

3-40

Simple Network Management Protocol

Version 1 or 2c clients), or define a corresponding “User Name” in the SNMPv3 Users page (for Version 3 clients). (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive)

• Trap UDP Port – Specifies the UDP port number used by the trap manager.

• Trap Version – Indicates if the user is running SNMP v1, v2c, or v3. (Default: v1)

• Trap Security Level – When trap version 3 is selected, you must specify one of

the following security levels. (Default: noAuthNoPriv)

- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP communications.

- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

• Trap Inform – Notifications are sent as inform messages. Note that this option is only available for version 2c and 3 hosts. (Default: traps are used)

- Timeout – The number of seconds to wait for an acknowledgment before

resending an inform message. (Range: 0-2147483647 centiseconds; Default: 1500 centiseconds)

- Retry times – The maximum number of times to resend an inform message if

the recipient does not acknowledge receipt. (Range: 0-255; Default: 3)

• Enable Authentication Traps trap managers whenever authentication of an SNMP request fails. (Default: Enabled)

• Enable Link-up and Link-down Traps whenever a port link is established or broken. (Default: Enabled)

– Issues a notification message to specified IP

– Issues a notification message

7. These are legacy notifications and theref ore when used for SNMP Version 3 hosts, they must be enabled in conjunction with the corresponding entries in the Notification View (page 3-48).

3-41

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Enter the IP address and community string for each management station that will receive trap messages, specify the UDP port, SNMP trap version, trap security level (for v3 clients), trap inform settings (for v2c/v3 clients), and then click Add. Select the trap types required using the check boxes for Authentication and Link-up/down traps, and then click Apply.

Figure 3-26 Configuring SNMP Trap Managers

CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables authentication traps.

Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 private version 2c

udp-port 162 4-110

Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps authentication 4-112

Configuring SNMPv3 Management Access

To configure SNMPv3 management access to the switch, follow these steps:

1. If you want to change the default engine ID, do so before configuring other SNMP parameters.

2. Specify read and write access views for the switch MIB tree.

3. Configure SNMP user groups with the required security model (i.e., SNMP v1, v2c or v3) and security level (i.e., authentication and privacy).

4. Assign SNMP users to groups, along with their specific authentication and privacy passwords.

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Simple Network Management Protocol

Setting a Local Engine ID

An SNMPv3 engine is an independent SNMP agent that resides on the switch. This engine protects against message replay, delay, and redirection. The engine ID is also used in combination with user passwords to generate the security keys for authenticating and encrypting SNMPv3 packets.

A local engine ID is automatically generated that is unique to the switch. This is referred to as the default engine ID. If the local engineID is deleted or changed, all SNMP users will be cleared. You will need to reconfigure all existing users.

A new engine ID can be specified by entering 1 to 26 hexadecimal characters. If less than 26 characters are specified, trailing zeroes are added to the value. For example, the value “1234” is equivalent to “1234” followed by 22 zeroes.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Engine ID. Enter an ID of up to 26 hexadecimal characters and then click Save.

Figure 3-27 Setting the SNMPv3 Engine ID

CLI – This example sets an SNMPv3 engine ID.

Console(config)#snmp-server engine-id local 12345abcdef 4-113 Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp engine-id 4-114 Local SNMP engineID: 8000002a8000000000e8666672 Local SNMP engineBoots: 1 Console#

Specifying a Remote Engine ID

To send inform messages to an SNMPv3 user on a remote device, you must first specify the engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where the user resides. The remote engine ID is used to compute the security digest for authenticating and encrypting packets sent to a user on the remote host.

SNMP passwords are localized using the engine ID of the authoritative agent. For informs, the authoritative SNMP agent is the remote agent. You therefore need to configure the remote agent’s SNMP engine ID before you can send proxy requests or informs to it. (See “Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types” on page 3-40 and “Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users” on page 3-46.)

3-43

Configuring the Switch

The engine ID can be specified by entering 1 to 26 hexadecimal characters. If less than 26 characters are specified, trailing zeroes are added to the value. For example, the value “1234” is equivalent to “1234” followed by 22 zeroes.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Remote Engine ID. Enter an ID of up to 26 hexadecimal characters and then click Save.

Figure 3-28 Setting an Engine ID

CLI – This example specifies a remote SNMPv3 engine ID.

Console(config)#snmp-server engineID remote 54321 192.168.1.19 4-113 Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp engine-id 4-114 Local SNMP engineID: 8000002a8000000000e8666672 Local SNMP engineBoots: 1

Remote SNMP engineID IP address 80000000030004e2b316c54321 192.168.1.19 Console#

Configuring SNMPv3 Users

Each SNMPv3 user is defined by a unique name. Users must be configured with a specific security level and assigned to a group. The SNMPv3 group restricts users to a specific read, write, or notify view.

Command Attributes

• User Name – The name of user connecting to the SNMP agent. (Range: 1-32

characters)

• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group to which the user is assigned.

(Range: 1-32 characters)

• Security Model – The user security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3.

• Security Level – The security level used for the user:

- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP communications. (This is the default for SNMPv3.)

- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

• Authentication Protocol – The method used for user authentication. (Options: MD5, SHA; Default: MD5)

• Authentication Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.

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Simple Network Management Protocol

• Privacy Protocol – The encryption algorithm use for data privacy; only 56-bit DES

is currently available.

• Privacy Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.

• Actions – Enables the user to be assigned to another SNMPv3 group.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Users. Click New to configure a user name. In the New User page, define a name and assign it to a group, then click Add to save the configuration and return to the User Name list. To delete a user, check the box next to the user name, then click Delete. To change the assigned group of a user, click Change Group in the Actions column of the users table and select the new group.

Figure 3-29 Configuring SNMPv3 Users

3-45

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Use the snmp-server user command to configure a new user name and assign it to a group.

Console(config)#snmp-server user chris group r&d v3 auth md5

greenpeace priv des56 einstien 4-118

Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp user 4-120 EngineId: 80000034030001f488f5200000 User Name: chris Authentication Protocol: md5 Privacy Protocol: des56 Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active

Console#

Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users

Each SNMPv3 user is defined by a unique name. Users must be configured with a specific security level and assigned to a group. The SNMPv3 group restricts users to a specific read and a write view.

Command Attributes

• User Name – The name of user connecting to the SNMP agent. (Range: 1-32 characters)

• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group to which the user is assigned. (Range: 1-32 characters)

• Engine ID – The engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where the remote user resides. Note that the remote engine identifier must be specified before you configure a remote user. (See “Specifying a Remote Engine ID” on page 3-43.)

• Remote IP – The Internet address of the remote device where the user resides.

• Security Model – The user security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3. (Default: v1)

• Security Level – The security level used for the user:

- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP

communications. (This is the default for SNMPv3.)

- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not

encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only

available for the SNMPv3 security model).

• Authentication Protocol – The method used for user authentication. (Options: MD5, SHA; Default: MD5)

• Authentication Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.

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Simple Network Management Protocol

• Privacy Protocol – The encryption algorithm use for data privacy; only 56-bit DES

is currently available.

• Privacy Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Remote Users. Click New to configure a user name. In the New User page, define a name and assign it to a group, then click Add to save the configuration and return to the User Name list. To delete a user, check the box next to the user name, then click Delete.

Figure 3-30 Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users

3-47

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Use the snmp-server user command to configure a new user name and assign it to a group.

Console(config)#snmp-server user mark group r&d remote 192.168.1.19 v3

auth md5 greenpeace priv des56 einstien 4-118 Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp user 4-120 No user exist.

SNMP remote user EngineId: 80000000030004e2b316c54321 User Name: mark Authentication Protocol: none Privacy Protocol: none Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active

Console#

Configuring SNMPv3 Groups

An SNMPv3 group sets the access policy for its assigned users, restricting them to specific read, write, and notify views. You can use the pre-defined default groups or create new groups to map a set of SNMP users to SNMP views.

Command Attributes

• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group. (Range: 1-32 characters)

• Model – The group security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3.

• Level – The security level used for the group:

- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP communications.

- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).

• Read View – The configured view for read access. (Range: 1-64 characters)

• Write View – The configured view for write access. (Range: 1-64 characters)

• Notify View – The configured view for notifications. (Range: 1-64 characters)

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Simple Network Management Protocol

Table 3-5 Supported Notification Messages

Object Label Object ID Description

RFC 1493 Traps

newRoot 1.3.6.1.2.1.17.0.1 The newRoot trap indicates that the sending

topologyChange 1.3.6.1.2.1.17.0.2 A topologyChange trap is sent by a bridge when

SNMPv2 Traps

coldStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5 .1 A coldStart trap signifies that the SNM Pv2 entity,

warmStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.2 A warmStart trap signifies that the SNMPv2

linkDown

linkUp

authenticationFailure

RMON Events (V2)

risingAlarm 1.3.6.1.2.1.16.0.1 The SNMP trap that is generated when an alarm

fallingAlarm 1.3.6.1.2.1.16.0.2 The SNMP trap that is generated when an alarm

1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3 A linkDown trap signifies that the SNMP entity,

1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.4 A linkUp trap signifies that the SNMP entity,

1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.5 An authenticationFailure trap signifies that the

agent has become the new root of the Spanning Tree; the trap is sent by a bridge soon after its election as the new root, e.g., upon expiration of the Topology Change Timer immediately subsequent to its election.

any of its configured ports transitions from the Learning state to the Forwarding state, or from the Forwarding state to the Disca rding state. The trap is not sent if a newRoot trap is sent for the same transition.

acting in an agent role, is reinitializing itself and that its configuration may have been altered.

entity, acting in an agent role, is reinitializing itself such that its configuration is unaltered.

acting in an agent role, has detected that the ifOperStatus object for one of its communication links is about to enter the down state from some other state (but not from the notPresent state). This other state is indicated by the included value of ifOperStatus.

acting in an agent role, has detected that the ifOperStatus object for one of its communication links left the down state and transitioned into some other state (but not into the notPresent state). This other state is indicated by the included value of ifOperStatus.

SNMPv2 entity, acting in an agent role, has received a protocol message that is not properly authenticated. While all implementations of the SNMPv2 must be capable of generating this trap, the snmpEnableAuthenTraps object indicates whether this trap will be generated.

entry crosses its rising threshold and generates an event that is configured for sending SNMP traps.

entry crosses its falling threshold and generates an event that is configured for sending SNMP traps.

3-49

Configuring the Switch

Table 3-5 Supported Notification Messages (Continued)

Object Label Object ID Description

Private Traps

swPowerStatus ChangeTrap

swFanFailureTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.17 This trap is sent when the fan fails.

swFanRecoverTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.18 This trap is sent when the fan failure has

swIpFilterRejectTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.40 This trap is sent when an incorrect IP address is

swSmtpConnFailure Trap

swMainBoardVer MismatchNotificaiton

swModuleVer MismatchNotificaiton

swThermalRising Notification

swThermalFalling Notification

swModuleInsertion Notificaiton

swModuleRemoval Notificaiton

* These are legacy notifications and therefore must be enabled in conjunction with the corresponding traps on the

SNMP Configuration menu (page 3-42).

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.1 This trap is sent when the power state changes.

recovered.

rejected by the IP Filter.

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.41 This trap is triggered if the SMTP system cannot

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.56 This trap is sent when the slave board version is

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.57 This trap is sent when the slide-in module

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.58 This trap is sent when the temperature exceeds

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.1 0.75.2.1.0.59 This trap is sent whe n the temperature falls below

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.60 This trap is sent when a module is inserted.

1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.61 This trap is sent when a module is removed.

open a connection to the mail server successfully.

mismatched with the master board version. This trap binds two objects, the first object indicates the master version, whereas the second represents the slave version.

version is mismatched with the main board version.

the switchThermalActionRisingThreshold.

the switchThermalActionFallingThreshold.

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Simple Network Management Protocol

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Groups. Click New to configure a new group. In the New Group page, define a name, assign a security model and level, and then select read, write, and notify views. Click Add to save the new group and return to the Groups list. To delete a group, check the box next to the group name, then click Delete.

Figure 3-31 Configuring SNMPv3 Groups

CLI – Use the snmp-server group command to configure a new group, specifying the security model and level, and restricting MIB access to defined read and write views.

Console(config)#snmp-server group secure-users v3 priv read defaultview

write defaultview notify defaultview 4-116

Console(config)#exit Console#show snmp group 4-117

. . .

Group Name: secure-users Security Model: v3 Read View: defaultview Write View: defaultview Notify View: defaultview Storage Type: nonvolatile Row Status: active

Console#

3-51

Configuring the Switch

Setting SNMPv3 Views

SNMPv3 views are used to restrict user access to specified portions of the MIB tree. The predefined view “defaultview” includes access to the entire MIB tree.

Command Attributes

• View Name – The name of the SNMP view. (Range: 1-64 characters)

• View OID Subtrees – Shows the currently configured object identifiers of branches within the MIB tree that define the SNMP view.

• Edit OID Subtrees – Allows you to configure the object identifiers of branches within the MIB tree. Wild cards can be used to mask a specific portion of the OID string.

• Type – Indicates if the object identifier of a branch within the MIB tree is included or excluded from the SNMP view.

Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Views. Click New to configure a new view. In the New View page, define a name and specify OID subtrees in the switch MIB to be included or excluded in the view. Click Back to save the new view and return to the SNMPv3 Views list. For a specific view, click on View OID Subtrees to display the current configuration, or click on Edit OID Subtrees to make changes to the view settings. To delete a view, check the box next to the view name, then click Delete.

3-52

Figure 3-32 Configuring SNMPv3 Views

Accton Technology ES3628C User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

Key Features

Description of Software Features

System Defaults

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

Required Connections

Basic Configuration

Remote Connections

Console Connection

Setting Passwords

Setting an IP Address

Manual Configuration

Dynamic Configuration

Enabling SNMP Management Access

Community Strings (for SNMP version 1 and 2c clients)

Trap Receivers

Configuring Access for SNMP Version 3 Clients

Saving Configuration Settings

Managing System Files

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Interface

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Home Page

Configuration Options

Panel Display

Main Menu

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

Manual Configuration

Using DHCP/BOOTP

Managing Firmware

Downloading System Software from a Server

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

Console Port Settings

Telnet Settings

Configuring Event Logging

System Log Configuration

Remote Log Configuration

Displaying Log Messages

Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts

Resetting the System

Setting the System Clock

Configuring SNTP

Setting the Time Zone

Simple Network Management Protocol

Enabling the SNMP Agent

Setting Community Access Strings

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Configuring SNMPv3 Management Access

Setting a Local Engine ID

Specifying a Remote Engine ID

Configuring SNMPv3 Users

Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users

Configuring SNMPv3 Groups

Setting SNMPv3 Views