How it Works
ABB
Loading...
P
Loading...
Loading...
PQFS
Installation, Operation And Maintenance Instructions
170 pgs9.2 Mb0
Table of contents
Loading...

ABB PQFS Installation, Operation And Maintenance Instructions

Download
Page 1
Power Quality Filter PQFS
Installation, operation and maintenance instructions
Page 2
Table of contents
2
Safety Instructions ....................................................................................................... 7
6
Electrical design and installation ............................................................................. 35
1.1 What this chapter contains .................................................................................... 6
1.2 Intended audience ................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Compatibility .......................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Contents ................................................................................................................ 6
1.5 Related pub lic ati ons .............................................................................................. 6
3.1 What this chapter contains .................................................................................... 9
3.2 Delivery inspection ................................................................................................ 9
3.3 Unpacking instructions .......................................................................................... 9
3.4 Lifting and transportation guidelines ...................................................................... 9
3.5 Identification tag .................................................................................................. 14
3.6 Storage ................................................................................................................ 14
4.1 What this chapter contains .................................................................................. 15
4.2 Typical PQFS filter panel lay out .......................................................................... 15
4.3 The PQF current generator hardware ................................................................. 17
4.4 The PQF main controller ..................................................................................... 18
4.5 The PQF-Manager user interface ........................................................................ 19
4.6 Location of the main PQFS components ............................................................. 25
4.6.1 Active filter components .............................................................................. 25
4.6.2 Active filter cover components .................................................................... 28
5.1 What this chapter contains .................................................................................. 29
5.2 Installation location requirements ........................................................................ 29
5.3 Standard enclosure dimensions and clearances................................................. 30
5.4 Instructions for mounting the filter ....................................................................... 30
5.5 Filter noise level ................................................................................................... 32
5.6 Airflow and cooling requirements ........................................................................ 32
5.7 Instructions for mounting the PQF-Manager in enclosures ................................. 33
6.1 What this chapter contains .................................................................................. 35
6.2 Instructions for connecting the PQF-Manager to a filter system ......................... 36
6.3 Checking the insulation of the assembly – earth resistance ............................... 36
6.4 EMC considerations ............................................................................................ 37
6.5 Earthing guidelines .............................................................................................. 37
6.6 Selection of the power cable size ........................................................................ 38
6.7 Selection of the power cable protection/filter input protection scheme ............... 41
6.8 Connection of the PQFS to the network .............................................................. 43
6.8.1 Connection of the PQFS in 3-wire mode..................................................... 44
6.8.2 Connection of the PQFS in 4-wire mode..................................................... 46
6.9 Selection of the current transformers .................................................................. 47
6.10 Current transformer installation and connection.................................................. 49
6.11 Electrical interconnection of PQFS enclosures ................................................... 51
6.11.1
Mechanical preparation of the enclosures .................................................. 52
6.11.2 Control board cable interconnection ........................................................... 52
6.11.3 CT cable interconnection............................................................................. 53
6.11.4 Connection of the power stage to the supply .............................................. 54
2 Table of contents Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 3
6.12 Electrical connections to the PQF-Manager user interface ................................. 54
6.12.1
Cabling of remote control functionality ........................................................ 56
6.12.2 Cabling of alarm functionality ...................................................................... 58
6.12.3 Cabling of warning functionality .................................................................. 62
6.12.4 Cabling of the digital output contacts to monitor other filter operation modes
than warnings and alarms ...................................................................................... 63
6.12.5 Cabling of main/auxiliary control functionality ............................................. 64
6.12.6 Implementation of local start/stop buttons ................................................... 65
6.13 Electrical connections of filter options and accessories ...................................... 68
6.13.1
Connection of the RS-232 cable used for PQF-Link software communication
..................................................................................................................... 68
6.13.2 Connection of the Modbus adapter ............................................................. 69
7.1 What this chapter contains .................................................................................. 70
7.2 PQF-Manager overview and navigation .............................................................. 70
7.3 The PQF-Manager behavior during filter initialization ......................................... 75
7.4 The PQF-Manager locking facilities..................................................................... 76
7.5 The PQF start, stop and fault acknowledgement menu ...................................... 77
7.6 The ‘Measurements’ menu .................................................................................. 78
7.6.1
The ‘Overview’ menu [/Welcome/Measurements/Overview] ...................... 78
7.6.2 The ‘System values’ menu [/Welcome/Measurements/System values] ..... 79
7.6.3 The ‘Min-Max logging’ menu [/Welcome/Measurements/Min-Max logging] 82
7.7 The ‘Settings’ menu ............................................................................................. 83
7.7.1
The ‘Customer settings’ menu [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set.] ............ 83
7.7.1.1 Settings up harmonics, reactive power and filter mode .......................... 84
7.7.1.2 Setting up alarms, warnings and digital inputs and outputs (D I/O) ........ 88
7.7.1.3 Setting up the unit for temperature measurements ................................. 91
7.7.2 The ‘Commissioning’ menu [/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning] .............. 91
7.7.2.1 Setting up the network characteristics and the filter synchro mode ........ 92
7.7.2.2 Setting up the filter characteristics .......................................................... 93
7.7.2.3 Setting up the current transformer ratios and position ............................ 94
7.7.2.4 Setting up the filter rating parameter ....................................................... 98
7.7.2.5 Setting up the user’s requirements .......................................................... 99
7.7.3 The ‘Installation settings’ menu [/Welcome/Settings/Installation set.] ........ 99
7.7.3.1 Setting up the ‘auto restart’ function ...................................................... 100
7.7.3.2 Setting up the ‘standby’ function ........................................................... 100
7.7.3.3 Setting up the system clock ................................................................... 102
7.7.3.4 Setting up the external communication parameters .............................. 102
7.7.3.5 Setting up the software lock and password ........................................... 102
7.8 The ‘PQF monitoring’ menu ............................................................................... 102
7.8.1
The ‘Status of units’ menu [/Welcome/PQF monitoring/Status of units] ... 103
7.8.2 The ‘Filter load’ menu [/Welcome/PQF monitoring/Filter load] ................. 103
7.8.3 The ‘Event logging’ menu [/Welcome/PQF monitoring/Event logging] ..... 103
7.8.4 The ‘Active warnings’ menu [/Welcome/PQF monitoring/Active warn.] .... 107
7.8.5 The ‘Total number of errors’ menu [/Welcome/PQF monitoring/Number of
errors] ................................................................................................................... 107
7.8.6 The ‘PQF operation’ and ‘Fan operation’ parameters ............................... 107
7.8.7 The ‘Trip. Phase’ parameter ...................................................................... 107
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Table of contents 3
Page 4
7.9 The ‘About PQF’ menu ...................................................................................... 108
Commissioning instructions .................................................................................. 109
8
8.1 What this chapter contains ................................................................................ 109
8.2 Step 1: Visual and installation check ................................................................. 110
8.3 Step 2: Setting the address of each unit in a multi-unit filter and terminate the
CAN bus ..................................................................................................................... 110
8.4 Step 3: Voltage rating check/adaptation and phase rotation check .................. 112
8.5 Step 4: Basic commissioning parameters set up (using PQF-Manager) .......... 114
8.6 Step 5: Automatic and manual CT detection procedure ................................... 115
Automatic CT detection procedure ............................................................ 115
8.6.1
8.6.2 Manual CT detection procedure ................................................................ 116
8.6.2.1 PQF connection diagram ....................................................................... 116
8.6.2.2 Material needed and hypotheses for correct measurements ................ 117
8.6.2.3 Checking the correct connection of the CTs with a two-channel
scopemeter ........................................................................................................... 117
8.6.2.4 Checking the correct connection of the CTs with a Fluke 41B or similar
equipment ............................................................................................................. 121
8.7 Step 6: Before starting the filter ......................................................................... 121
8.8 Step 7: Start the filter ......................................................................................... 121
8.9 Step 8: Generate filter load ................................................................................ 122
8.10 Step 9: Set up the user req uirements ................................................................ 123
8.11 Commissioning report ........................................................................................ 125
8.11.1
Filter identification ..................................................................................... 126
8.11.2 Inspection on site – verification of the active filter after installation .......... 127
8.11.3 Programming ............................................................................................. 128
8.11.4 Testing (with load) ..................................................................................... 129
8.11.5 Programmed parameters .......................................................................... 130
8.11.6 Comments ................................................................................................. 132
9.1 What this chapter contains ................................................................................ 133
9.2 Starting and stopping the filter ........................................................................... 133
9.2.1
Starting the filter with the PQF-Manager ................................................... 133
9.2.2 Stopping the filter with the PQF-Manager ................................................. 136
9.3 Modifying the user requirements ....................................................................... 137
9.4 Changing the system temperature uni t and PQ F -Manager contrast ................. 138
9.5 Consulting filter measurements ......................................................................... 138
9.6 Consulting filter statistics and manufacturer data.............................................. 138
9.7 Filter behav ior on f ault – retrieving error information......................................... 138
10.1 What this chapter contains ................................................................................ 141
10.2 Mainten anc e int erv als ........................................................................................ 141
10.3 Standard maintenance procedure ..................................................................... 141
10.3.1
Step 1: Check the ambient temperature conditions .................................. 141
10.3.2 Step 2: Record the filter operating status .................................................. 142
10.3.3 Step 3: Shut the filter down ....................................................................... 142
10.3.4 Step 4: Inspect and clean the filter ............................................................ 142
10.3.5 Step 5: Check the condition of the filter contactors and fuses .................. 143
10.3.6 Step 6: Check the tightness of the electrical and mechanical connections ....
................................................................................................................... 143
10.3.7 Step 7: Correct any abnormal conditions found ........................................ 143
4 Table of contents Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 5
10.3.8 Step 8: Restart the filter ............................................................................. 143
10.4 Fan replacement ................................................................................................ 143
10.5 DC capacitor change ......................................................................................... 144
10.6 DC capacitor reforming ...................................................................................... 144
10.7 Servicing report ................................................................................................. 145
10.7.1 Filter id entification ..................................................................................... 146
10.7.2 Standard maintenance procedure ............................................................. 147
10.7.3 Special service actions .............................................................................. 148
10.7.4 Comments ................................................................................................. 149
11.1 What this chapter contains ................................................................................ 150
11.2 Fault treatment procedure ................................................................................. 150
11.3 Spare part list for normal and dedicated filter servicing .................................... 153
11.4 Troubleshooting guide ....................................................................................... 153
11.4.1
Verification of the PQF-Manager status and the system LEDs................. 153
11.4.2 Fault tracing ............................................................................................... 154
12.1 What this chapter contains ................................................................................ 166
12.2 Technical specifications ..................................................................................... 166
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Table of contents 5
Page 6

1 Introduction to this manual

1.1 What this chapter contains

This chapter gives basic information on this manual.

1.2 Intended audience

This manual is inten ded f or all p eople that ar e invo lve d in integr ati ng, install ing, o perating and/or maintaining the PQFS active filter range products. People involved in the integration, installation and maintenance of the equipment are expected to know the standard electrical wiring practices, electronic components and electrical schematic symbols. End users should focus on the Operating instructions (Cf. Chapter 9) and Maintenance instructions (Cf. Chapter 10) of this manual.

1.3 Compatibility

The manual is com patible with all f ilters of the PQFS -range with PQF-Manager s oftware version v2.10.r0 or higher. Technical specifications of this product range are given in
Chapter 12 of this manual. This product is n ot bac kward compatible with any other PQFx
(x: A, B, L, T, I, M, K, S) filter product.

1.4 Contents

• Chapter 1: Introduction to this manual
• Chapter 2: Safety instructions
• Chapter 3: Upon reception
• Chapter 4: Hardware description
• Chapter 5: Mechanical design and installation
• Chapter 6: Electrical design and installation
• Chapter 7: The PQF-Manager user interface
• Chapter 8: Commissioning instructions
• Chapter 9: Operating instructions
• Chapter 10: Maintenance instructions
• Chapter 11: Troubleshooting guide
• Chapter 12: Technical specifications

1.5 Related publications

• Power Quality Filters PQFI-PQFM-PQFK-PQFS Catalogue [English]
• Power Quality Filter, Active Filtering Guide [English]
• PQF-Link Installation and user’s guide [English]
• PQF Modbus CD [English]
• ABB PQF Active Filters - Raising system reliability to unprecedented levels
[English]
6 Introduction Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 7

2 Safety Instructions

These safety instructions are intended for all work on the PQFS. Neglecting these instructions can cause physical injury and death. All electrical installation and maintenance work on the PQFS should be carried out by qualified electricians. Do not attempt to work on a powered PQFS.
After switching off the supply to the PQFS, always wait at least working on the unit in order to allow the discharge of DC capacitors through the discharge resistors. Always verify by measurement that the capacitors have discharged. DC capacitors may be charged to more than 800 Vdc.
Before manipulating current transformers, make sure that the secondary is short­circuited. Never open the secondary of a loaded current transformer.
You must always wear isolating gloves and eye-protection when working on electrical installations. Also make sure that all local safety regulations are fulfilled.
DANGER: T o ensure safe access, supplies to each indiv idual enclosure must be isolated before opening.
WARNING: This equipment contains capacitors that are connected between phase and earth. A leakage current will flow during normal operation. Therefore, a good earth connection is essential and must be connected before applying power to the filter.
WARNING: Stored energy in capacitors: this equipment contains capacitors. Check for residual DC voltage before working inside the equipment.
25 minutes
before
WARNING: There are AC capacitors & DC capacitors connected inside this filter. Before performing any maintenance work, please short and ground the three line terminals. The DC capacitor needs 25 mins to discharge after disconnection. Please wait for this duration before touching any live parts even after discharging the AC capacitors to avoid electrical shock.
WARNING: Never discharge DC capacitors through short circuit. Always use a current limiting resistor of minimum 100Ω.
WARNING: If the ground is defeated, certain fault conditions in the unit or in the system to which it is connected can result in full line voltage betw een chassis and earth ground. Severe injury or death can result if the chassis and earth ground are touched simultaneously.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS  Safety instructions 7
Page 8
WARNING: The neutral current in a PQFS filter may be as high as 3 times the line current hence do not use a 4 pole breaker to connect this type of filter as the rating of the neutral pole may not be adequate.
8 Safety instructions Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 9

3 Upon Reception

3.1 What this chapter contains

This chapter gives basic in formation on how to inspect, transport, ident ify and store the PQFS active filter.

3.2 Delivery inspection

Each PQFS is deli vered in a box des igned to protect adequately the equipm ent during shipment. Upon reception of the equipment, make sure that the packing is in good condition. Verify th e state of the shock and tilting in dicators (if mounted on the enclosur e or on the filter panels).

3.3 Unpacking instructions

After removal of the top cover, check visually the exterior and interior of your filter for transportation damage.
Your filter equipment comes with a package. Verify that all items are present, i.e.:
• this manual
• the electrical drawing
• the fixation bar and filter blocking screws
• the lifting ribbon + 2 pieces of rubber used to protect the ribbon
• the rubber seal to cover a knock-out (to be used for multi-unit oper ati on)
• the communication cable needed for multi-unit operation
Any loss or damage should be notified immediately to your ABB representative.

3.4 Lifting and transportation guidelines

Please note that filter equipment weighs approximately 120 kilograms. Care should be taken to ensure that correct handling facilities are used.
Figure 1: PQFS packing material opened
In order to transport t he equipment use a forklift or sim ilar equipment. PQFS en closures are best transported horizontally.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Upon reception 9
Page 10
(a)
Table 1: Maximum allowed ambient conditions during transportat ion
Transportation (in the protected package)
Temperature -25 to 70°C (-13 to 158°F) Relative humidity Max. 95% Contamination levels (IEC 60731-3-3)
Chemical class 3C3 Mechanical class 3S3
(b)
Remarks:
(a)
Locations with normal levels of contaminants, experienced in urban areas with
industrial activities scattered over the whole area, or with heavy traffic. Also applies to locations with immediate neighborhood of industrial sources with chemical emissions.
(b)
Locations without special precautions to minimize the presence of sand or dust. Also
applies to locations in close proximity to sand or dust sources.
In order to lift the equipment once it is at the installation location:
• Remove the top cover of the protecting box (see Figure 1)
• Remove the 4 panel securing screws at the outer ends of the enclosure (see
Figure 2)
10 Upon reception Manual Power Quality PQFS
Figure 2: Locating the 4 panel securing screws
Page 11
• Remove the filter protective cover and put it at the bottom side of the filter (see Figure 3)
Figure 3: Lifting the protective cover and putting it at the bottom side of the filter
• Unplug the PQF-Manager from the main system (see Figure 4). Then the
protective cover can be safely put aside.
Figure 4: Unplugging the PQF-Manager from the main system
• Remove the two screws fixing the filter unit to the wooden support (see Figure 5)
Figure 5: Position of the filter fixation screws that need to be removed
• Use the lifting tools which are available inside the PQFS. The lifting tools
contained into the PQFS accessories package are the lifting ribbon and the two pieces of rubber (see Figure 6)
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Upon reception 11
Page 12
Figure 6: Lifting ribbon and the two pieces of rubber from the PQFS accessories package
• Place the lifting ribbon and the two pieces of rubber as shown in the Figure 7.
Figure 7: Way to install the lifting ribbon and the two pieces of rubber
• Slide the lifting ribbon until reaching final position before lifting as indicated in
Figure 8.
Figure 8: Final position of the lifting ribbon before lifting the PQFS
• Put the active filter in the vertical position manually (without using the lifting
ribbon). Lifting the PQFS when the unit is laid on the wooden support or positioned horizontally could cause the damage of the lifting ribbon (see Figure
9).
12 Upon reception Manual Power Quality PQFS
Page 13
Figure 9: Lifting a PQFS unit from a horizontally position may damage the lifting ribbon
• Use the lifting ribbon from the both soft eyes to lift the filter from the wooden
support. It can then be positioned at the desired location (see Figure 10).
Figure 10: Lifting a PQFS unit by using the lifting ribbon
• Do not use the lifting ribbon nor hook the PQFS as shown in Figure 11. Using
only one soft eye may damage the lifting ribbon.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Upon reception 13
Page 14
(a)
Figure 11: Bad using of the lifting ribbon to lift the PQFS

3.5 Identification tag

Each PQFS is fitted with nameplates for identification purposes. The filter nameplate is located at the top right of the master panel door, at the outside. The nameplate inf orm ation shoul d al ways rem ain re adabl e to e nsur e proper ident ific ation
during the life of the filt er. The main filter nam eplate includes the filter t ype, the nominal voltage range and frequency as well as a serial number and an ABB internal article code.

3.6 Storage

If your PQFS is not instal led once unpacked, it should be store d in a clean indoor, dry, dust free and non-corrosive environment. The storage temperature must be between
-25°C (-13°F) and 70°C (158°F) with a maximum relative humidity of 95%, non­condensing.
Storage (in the protected package)
Temperature -25 to 70°C (-13 to 158°F) Relative humidity Max. 85% Contamination levels (IEC 60721-3-3)
Table 2: Maximum allowed ambient conditions for storage
Chemical class 3C3 Mechanical class 3S3
(b)
Remarks:
(a)
Locations with normal levels of contaminants, experienced in urban areas with industrial
activities scattered over the whole area, or with heavy traffic.
(b)
Locations without special precautions to minimize the presence of sand or dust. Also
applies to locations in close proximity to sand or dust sources.
14 Upon reception Manual Power Quality PQFS
Page 15
Compensation current
Current measurements
Non-linear load(s)
- Three-phase
- Single-phase Supply
PQFS Filter panel
PQF main
controller
PQF current
generator 1
PQF Manager
1 2 3 5
4
6

4 Hardware description

4.1 What this chapter contains

This chapter describes a typical PQFS-filter system and discusses its main components.

4.2 Typical PQFS filter panel layout

The PQFS active filter is basically composed of two parts (Figure 12):
• A filter controller that determines the anti-harmonic curr ent to be injected bas e d
on the line current measurements and the user’s requirements. The line current measurements are obtained from current transformers (CTs) provided by the customer. The CTs must be connected upstream of the connection point of the filter and the loads. The user enters his requirements by means of the PQF­Manager user interface. This device also acts as the user’s connection point for the alarm/warning contacts, the remote control functionality, the other digital input functionality and the interface for external communication.
• A current generator (power unit) that converts the control signals generated by
the filter controller into the filter compensation current. The current generator is connected in parallel with the load(s). Up to four power units may be connected in parallel in one filter unit. The enclosure(s) containing the/a filter GUI controller are referred to as master units. The other enclosures are referred to as the slave units. In an active filter system more than one master unit can be present.
Figure 12: PQFS schematic overview with user connections
The user connection description is given in Table 3.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Hardware description 15
Page 16
1
3
4
2
5
Table 3: User connections for PQFS
Item User connections Connection requirement
1 CT connections Mandatory
Power cable connection to the supply
2
3 Programmable digital outputs ( w ar nings…) Not mandatory
(including neutral connection if 4-wire operation is desired)
Remote control contact connection or/and
Mandatory
4
local on/off buttons or/and
Not mandatory
main/auxiliary settings control
5
6
Modbus communication connectio n or seri al communication
Earth connections from the enclosure to installation earth
Not mandatory
Mandatory
Mandatory connections are connections that must be present to make the filter operational. Connections that are not mandatory can be made to enhance the filter’s basic functionality. For more inform ation on cabling the user c onnections, please refer to
Chapter 5. Figure 13 shows a typical PQFS master filter panel.
Figure 13: Example of a typical PQFS master filter panel
The input/output connections and protection description is given in Table 4.
Table 4: Input/Output connecti ons
Item Input/Output connections
1 CT connection terminals 2 Main power connection 3 Auxiliary fuse protection
4
5 Neutral connection
16 Hardware description Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
PQF-Manager user interface with connection terminals for user I/O (e.g. alarm contact) and communication interfaces
Page 17
N
Preload
resistor
Output filter
IGBT
Inverter
Master Unit
N
AC power supply
L
L
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Up to 4 PQFS master panels can be connected in parallel providing full redundancy to the customer.
In addition to using master panels only, PQFS units can be connected in a master-slave arrangement.

4.3 The PQF current generator hardware

The power circuit of a PQFS unit is represented hereafter.
Figure 14: Power circuit diagram of a PQFS active filter
The description of the main components is given in Table 5.
Table 5: Main components of a PQFS active filter
Item Main components
1 IGBT inverter 2 DC bus capacitors 3 PWM reactor 4 Output filter 5 Preload resistor 6 Main contactor 7 Auxiliary fuses 8 Neutral cable connection (not mandatory )
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Hardware description 17
Page 18
The current generator is physically organized in power units. Each filter enclosure contains one power unit. A PQFS f ilter can c ontain u p to 4 po wer units. Power units can be combined in a master-slave arrangement, or in a master-master arrangement, the latter giving full operational redundancy. The current rating of different units in a filter must be of the same rating. Please refer to Chapter 12 for more information on the possible unit ratings.
In Figure 14 it may be seen that each current generator consists of an IGBT-inverter bridge (1) that is co ntrolled using PWM-s witching technology. Information from the filter controller is sent to the IGBTs through one flat cable. At the output of the inverter a voltage waveform is gener a ted wh ich c on tai ns t he desi r ed spec tr al components (impos ed by the filter controller) as well as high frequency noise (due to the IGBT switching technology). Coupling impedance consisting of a reactor (3) and a high frequency rejection filter (4) ensures that the useful voltage compone nts are converted into a useful current while the high fr equency noise is absorbed. The IGBT -inverter is equipped with DC capacitors that act as energy storage reservoirs (2).
In active filters containing more than one power unit the control information between different units passes through a CAN control cable.
If a master-master configuration of filter is chosen, all power units incorporate a PQF­Manager display. If a master-slave configuration of filter is chosen, only the master enclosure contains a PQF -Mana ger displa y. A ll units c ontain a DC c apac itors pr eloadi ng resistor (5) which char ges the DC capacitor s of the filter uni t once the auxiliar y fuse box of the unit(s) is closed. T his approach ensures a s mooth filter start-u p without excessive inrush currents.

4.4 The PQF main controller

The PQF main controller controls the complete active filter system. Its tasks include:
• Accepting and executing customer requests to stop and start the equipment;
• Calculating an d generating IGBT-inverter control references based on the line
current measurements and the user requirements;
• Interface to the IGBT-inverters;
• Measurement of system voltages and currents for control, protection and
presentation purposes.
Figure 15 depicts the controller interface diagram of the PQFS active filter.
18 Hardware description Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 19
PQF
Manager
PQF
Power
Stage
CAN Bus
Direct Interface
(keypad and LCD)
ModBus
&
PQFLink
Interface
(Through RS232)
Programmable Digital I/O
3∼ AC Out (+N)
First
unit
Second
unit
User interface
CT signals
(a)
PQF main
controller
CAN bus
(1)
PQF
Power
Stage
3∼ AC Out (+N)
PQF main
controller
PQF
Manager
(b)
(a)
CT signals to different units (master or slave) must be routed through daisy chain principle with return path.
(b)
If second unit is a slave unit, it will not have a PQF
-Manager. If second unit is a master unit, it will have a
PQF-Manager.
Figure 15: Controller interface diagram of the PQFS
When the filter consists of a master unit only, the customer has to:
• Wire the CT signals (on a designated terminal),
• Prepare the filter for networks of nominal voltage 208-240V (if needed),
• Connect the AC power lines (with or without neu tr al) ,
• Set up the installation parameters and user’s requirements with the PQF-
Manager.
He may also want to wire t he comm unication int erface (Modb us or ser ial comm unication) and the programmable digital I/O (e.g. alarm contact, remote control).
When a second unit is ad ded, it is connected to the f irst enclosure by means of a CAN bus communication link (1). In addition, the CT measurem ents have to be supplied to each unit, e.g. through a daisy chain link with return path.
All units have their own AC-connection and main contactor protection. A PQFS active filter system consists of up to 4 units of equal rat ing. Additional uni ts to
the first master unit may be master or slave units. Slave units do not have a PQF­Manager.

4.5 The PQF-Manager user interface

All user interaction with the filter is channelled through the PQF-Manager. In multi-unit filters consisting of only one master, only the master has a PQF-Manager. In multi-unit filters cons isting of more than o ne master, all the m aster units have a PQF -
Manager. However, only the PQF-Manager that is connected to the master unit which has the overall control will be active. Figure 16 shows the front side of the PQF-Manager.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Hardware description 19
Page 20
1 3 2
4
Figure 16: Front side of the PQF-Manager
Four main parts can be distinguished (see Table 6)
Table 6: Front side of the PQF-Manager
Item Main components
1 Keypad
By navigating through the menus with the arrows and the
controlled (start/stop). On-line help is available by
pressing the Help button. 2 Menu display 3 Digital output contact monitor
When the PQF-Manager close s one of its output
relays, the corresponding symbol lights up. The
digital outputs of the PQF-Manager are discussed
later in this section. 4 Alarm contact indicator
button, the filter can be set-up and
The PQF-Manager also acts as connection point for external user I/O communication. Connections are made at the rear side of the PQF-Manager. Figure 17 depicts the terminals that are present on the PQF-Manager rear side.
20 Hardware description Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 21
L
Com
LOCK
RS232
PC-ABS
Made in Belgium
Fuse 200mA
Digital Input 1
(15-24Vdc)
H
CAN
Power Supply
+
-
-
+
RS485
Do not connect
Power Supply
Do not connect
Alarm Outputs N.O.
Do not connect
Digital Input 2
(15-24Vdc)
RS485 MODBUS Adapter Supply
(max 250Vac / 1.5A)
N.C.
Com Out 1 Out 2
Out 4
Out 3
Out 6
Out 5
Digital Outputs
(max 110Vdc / 0.3A
or 440Vac / 1.5A)
Shield
1
3
2 4 5
6
7
1
1
Figure 17: PQF-Manager rear side terminal designation
The terminal designation is given in Table 7.
Table 7: Terminal designation
Item Customer terminals
1 Digital input 1 and 2 2 Digital outputs 1 to 6 with one common point 3 Alarm outputs (2 outputs with complementary signals) 4 Lock switch 5 Modbus adapter interface (optional) connection
6
7
CAN bus connection interface (routed to PQF-Manager connector)
Power supply terminals (routed to PQF-Manager connector)
The terminal explanation is given next:
Digital input 1 and 2
The digital inputs can be used for three different functions:
• Implementation of remote control functionality;
• Implementation of local on/off buttons (not provided);
• Selection of main filter settings or auxiliary filter settings (e.g. different filter
settings for the day and for the night)
The PQF-Manager is use d to associate the req uired functionality with t he chosen digital input. The digital inputs can also be disabled.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Hardware description 21
Page 22
WARNING: If a function is assigned to a digital input, the same function must never be assigned to the other digital input. Otherwise the filter may behave erratically.
The external voltage source needed to drive the digital inputs has to comply with the following characteristics:
• Vlow: 0 Vdc
• Vhigh: 15-24 Vdc
• Driving current: 13 mA @ 24 Vdc (Rint = 1.88 kΩ)
The digital inputs have free of potential contacts (opto-isolated). When implementing a ny of the functions described above , please note that ac cording to
the setup done with the PQF-Manager for the input considered, the filter may behave differently. Table 8 below gives an overview of the possible settings and the resulting filter behavior.
Table 8: Overview of possible digital inpu t settin gs and resu l ting filter behavior
Function
Remote control PQF-Manager setup for digital input: Remote ON Selection of main/auxiliary settings PQF-Manager setup for digital input: Activ. Main Selection of main/auxiliary settings PQF-Manager setup for digital input: Activ. Aux. Local ON/OFF buttons PQF-Manager setup for digital input: Edge ON Local ON/OFF buttons PQF-Manager setup for digital input: Edge OFF Local ON/OFF buttons PQF-Manager setup for digital input: Edg ON/OFF
(a)
(a)
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(a)
(a) (c)
Vlow applied to digital input
Filter off Filter on
Auxiliary settings are used
Main settings are used
No effect Filter starts on
No effect Filter stops on
No effect Filter starts on
Vhigh applied to digital input
Main settings are used
Auxiliary settings are used
rising edge
rising edge
first rising edge, stops on second rising edge etc.
Remarks:
(a)
: In order for this function to be activated, the PQF-Manager has to be set up
accordingly.
To do this, navigate to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Digital Inputs]
(b)
: When using the Edge ON function the filter can only be switched on by applying
voltage to the digital input considered. It is therefore recommended in that case to configure and cable the second digital input as Edge OFF.
(c)
: When using this function, the filter stop and start can be controlled by one digital
input leaving the other one available for an additional remote control or switching between main and auxiliary settings.
22 Hardware description Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 23
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Information on cabling the digital input contacts is given in Section 6.12. Information on setting up the digital inputs with the PQF-Manager is given in Section
7.7.1.2.
By default, the digital inputs are disabled. In a master-master filter arrangement, only the master that has the control over the
complete system will monitor its digital outputs. For full redundant functionality, it is recommended to cable the digital inputs of all the units in the filter system.
Digital Outputs 1 to 6
With each digital output different filter conditions can be associated. The association between the filter condition and th e digital output s is done with the PQF-Manager. Table
9 gives an overview of the possible PQF-Manager settings for a digital output and the
effect on the corresponding digital output relay.
Table 9: Filter conditions that can be related to the digital outputs
PQF-Manager setting for digital output
Output relay closes when…
Auxil. ON The auxiliary power is present in the main filter
enclosure and the main controller is communicating with the PQF-Manager
PQF runs The active filter is ‘on’ (IGBTs switching) or in
‘standby’ (main contactor closed but IGBTs not switching)
Full load The active filter is running under full load
condition
Armed The filter is ON or is in the startup procedure, or
it is stopped in fault condition but will restart as soon as the fault has disappeared
T limit The filter temperature limit has been reached
and the filter is derating itself to run at a safe
temperature In standby The filter is in standby Activ. Main The main active filter settings are activated Activ. Aux The auxiliary active filter settings are activated Unit miss. One of the filter units in a multi-unit arrangement
is not available (e.g. due to a permanent error),
or has not yet been commissioned. Pg. alarm 1 The programmable alarm 1 is activated Pg. alarm 2 The programmable alarm 2 is activated Pg. alarm 3 The programmable alarm 3 is activated Warning 1 The programmable warning 1 is activated Warning 2 The programmable warning 2 is activated Warning 3 The programmable warning 3 is activated
Remarks:
(a)
: In order to set up this function, navigate to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Digital
Outputs]
(b):
More information on the standby function is given in Section 7.7.3.2
(c)
: Different programmable warnings and alarms can be defined. More information on
this subject is given in Section 7.7.1.2
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Hardware description 23
Page 24
3
4
Further it should be noted that:
• Whenever a digital output is activated the corresponding icon on the PQF­Manager display will light up.
• In a master-master filter arrangement, only the master that has the control over the complete system will activate its digital outputs. For full redundant functionality, it is recommended to monitor the digital outputs of all the units in the filter system.
• The default set-up for the digital contacts is given in Table 10
Table 10: Default set-up for the digital output contacts
Digital output number Default function
1 Auxil. ON 2 PQF Runs 3 Full Load 4 Armed 5 Unit miss. 6 T Limit
• The customer can change the default output settings by means of the PQF­Manager.
• The digital outputs contacts have a common point and are of the NO-type (normal open). The contact ratings are:
o Maximum continuous ac rating: 440 Vac/1.5 A; o Maximum continuous dc rating: 110 Vdc/0.3 A; o The common is rated at 9A/terminal, giving a total of 18 A.
Information on cabling the digital output contacts is given in Section 6.12. Information on setting up the digital outputs with the PQF-Manager is given in Section
7.7.1.2
Alarm outputs
Apart from the digital outputs, one potenti al f ree r el a y wit h a NO and a NC alarm output is available. T his relay contact is activate d if any error condition is present during a pres et time. The relay cont act is deactivated if the error condition has disappeared for another preset time. Information on changing the alarm activation/deactivation time is given in
Section 7.7.1.2.
In a master-master filter arrangement, only the master that has the control over the complete system will activate its alarm contact. For full redundant functionality, it is recommended to monitor the alarm contacts of all the units in the filter system.
The maximum continuous alarm contact ratings are: 250 Vac/1.5 A.
Lock switch
Allows locking the settings of the filter panel. This switch is documented in Section 7.4
24 Hardware description Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 25
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
10
11
12
10
9
Modbus adapter interface (optional) connection
The Modbus adapter interfac e is connec ted at this loc ation. The output of the i nterfac e is an RS-485 socket. The interface is described in the Modbus interface manual.
CAN bus connection interface
The PQF-Manager comm unicates with the main controll er through a CAN bus. This bus consists of three terminals, i.e.:
• Pin H: CAN High signal
• Pin L: CAN Low signal
• Pin Shield: shielding
The CAN bus wiring terminates into the PQF-Manager connection plug and is subsequently routed to the main control (Cf. Section 4.6.1). It is used for PQF internal communications only.
Power supply terminals
The PQF-Manager power supply is provided by the filter itself. The corresponding terminals on the PQF-Manager labeled “Power supply” are connected to the PQF­Manager connection plug.
For information on how to c able externa l system s (e.g. rem ote control, Mod bus int erface) to the PQF-Manager, refer to Chapter 6. For information on how to use the PQF- Manager, refer to Chapter 7. For b ackground inform ation on the Mod bus comm unication interface refer to the dedicated Modbus manual.

4.6 Location of the main PQFS components

4.6.1 Active filter components

Figure 18 shows a picture of the PQFS without cover panel.
Figure 18: PQFS main components
The component identification is given in Table 11.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Hardware description 25
Page 26
10
2
6 7 8
9
15
3
12
11
4
13
14
5
16
17
18
21
22
19
20
1
Table 11: PQFS main components description
Item Description Circuit diagram designation
1 Main contactor (MC) (underneath controller
K01
boards) 2 Fuse holder auxiliaries circuit Q02 3 DC voltage power supply 24V U002 4 CT connection terminal X21 5 Preload circuit resistor R06 6 Main earth connection point ­7 IGBT inverter with DC capacitors U01 8 PQF main controller board A005 9 IGBT heat extraction fans M1, M2 10 EMC capacitors (underneath controller boards) C9, C13, C14, C15 11 Main power supply terminals (phases) (underneath
L1, L2, L3
controller boards) 12 Main power supply neutral connection (not
N
mandatory) (underneath contr oller boards)
The PQF Main controller board has connectors which are predominantly pre-wired for use within the filter. H owever, it also contains a DIP-switch used to se t the identification address and CAN bus connectors for use in a multi-module filter arrangements.
The main controller board is shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19: PQF main controller board
The designation of the principal terminals is given in Table 12.
26 Hardware description Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 27
Note: In a multi-master arrangement, the master which is operational and which
Table 12: PQF main controller board description
Item Description
1 System connector: 24 V power supply to control board P2 2 CAN bus connection from previous filter unit P20 3 CAN bus connection to next filter unit P21 4 System connector: Power supply and CAN communication to PQF Manager P4 5 System connector: 230 V power supply to control board P3 6 System connector P19 7 System connector: Main contactor contr ol P18 8 System connector P17 9 System connector P16 10 System connector P25 11 12 System connector: Coming from CT terminal X21 (internal) P5 13 System connector: Supply and DC link voltage measurement P6 14-15-16 System connectors P9, P10, P11 17 System connector: control of IGBT-module P12
System connector
Circuit diagram designation
P7
18 Voltage selector DIP-switch 19 System LED’s (top to bottom)
LED 3: ON: Critical error in filter unit considered (red LED) LED 3: OFF: No critical error in filter unit considered LED 2: ON: PQF unit running or in startup process (Armed) LED 2: OFF: PQF unit off and not in startup process LED 1: Blinking at regular interval (1 s): Microcontroller running properly LED 1: ON, OFF or blinking irregularly: Microcontroller not running properly
20 System LED’s (top to bottom)
LED 5: ON: Filter unit is acting as the master of the complete system LED 5: OFF: Filter unit is acting as a slave in the filter system LED 4: Blinking at regular interval (1 s): DSP processor running properly
LED 4: ON, OFF or blinking irregularly: DSP processor not running properly 21 PQF-Link communication link conn ect or 22 Filter unit address selector (3 Left most DIP switches) and CAN bus termination
(Right hand DIP switch):
Symbols used: L: low – H: high
Address 1: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: L L L
Address 2: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: H L L
Address 3: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: L H L
Address 4: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: H H L
Address 5: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: L L H
Address 6: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: H L H
Address 7: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: L H H
Address 8: Position of the 3 switches starting from left: H H H
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Hardware description 27
Page 28
has the lowest address controls the system.
The default address setting is L L L
CAN bus termination (Right hand DIP switch):
Must be High (H) for the units that are at the extremity of the CAN bus
(maximum 2 units in a multi-unit filters, typically the first one and the last one of
the chain). This setting is also applicable to single-u nit f ilt er s .
Must be Low (L) for units in the middle of a chain.
The default factory setting is H.
Remarks:
(a)
For physical locations of customer CT connection terminals, please refer to Figure 18 item 4.

4.6.2 Active filter cover components

An active filter master panel cover contains the PQF-Manager user interface. This interface is routed on to the main control board.
28 Hardware description Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 29
(a)
(b)

5 Mechanical design and installati on

5.1 What this chapter contains

This chapter gives the information required f or the mechanical design a nd installation of the filter system.
In case you have a problem, please notify it to our service support mail box: jumet.services@be.abb.com.

5.2 Installation location requirements

The PQFS is suitable for indoor wall-mount installation, in a well-ventilated area without dust and excessive aggressive gases where the ambient operating conditions do not exceed the following values:
Table 13: Ambient operating conditions for PQFS operation
Altitude Minimum temperature Maximum temperature Maximum average
temperature (over 24 h) Relative humidity
Contamination levels (IEC 60721-3-3)
Nominal output at 0 to 1000m (3300ft) above sea level
-10°C (23°F), non condensing 40°C (104°F)
35°C (95°F)
Max. 95% non condensing Chemical class 3C2
Mechanical class 3S2
(c)
(d)
Remarks:
(a)
At sites over 1000m (3300ft) above sea level, the maximum output current must
be derated by 1% every additional 100m (330ft). The derating factor must be entered at commissioning.
(b)
Above 40°C (104°F), the maximum output current must be derated by 3.5% every
additional 1°C (1.8°F) up to 50°C (122°F) maximum limit. The derating factor must be entered at commissioning.
(c)
Locations with normal levels of contaminants, experienced in urban areas with
industrial activities scattered over the whole area, or with heavy traffic.
(d)
Locations without special precautions to minimize the presence of sand or dust,
but not situated in proximity to sand or dust sources.
The filter installation must be indoor and it should be taken into account that the protection class is IP30.
WARNING: Conductive dust may cause damage to this equipment. Ensure that the filter is installed in a room where no conductive dust is present.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Mechanical design and installation 29
Page 30
588 mm
705
mm
310 mm

5.3 Standard enclosure dimensions and clearances

Standard PQFS enc losures have dimensions of 588 x 310 x 705 mm (width x depth x height). Each enc losure contai ns o ne po wer un it an d i s fitted with i ts o wn m ain c ontactor. Power cables with protecting fuses can be connected to each PQFS from the bottom.
A spacing of 30 mm between the filter sides and walls or other enclosures is recommended.
A spacing of 500 mm below the filter bottom and above the filter top is recommended.
Figure 20 shows a view of a typical PQFS with characteristic dimensions.
Figure 20: View of a typical PQFS with characteristic dimensions
If a filter system consists of more than one filter unit, the units shoul d be installed next to each other. If it is not otherwise possible, additional units can be mounted above the existing unit(s). H owever, c are has to be taken that the hot air of the b ottom uni t cannot be sucked in by the fans of the unit mounted above. An exam ple of suc h an ar rangem ent is given in Figure 21.
Figure 21: Example of an installation where PQFS units are mounted above each other

5.4 Instructions for mounting the filter

The wall on which the filter unit is mounted must be able to support the weight of the filter, which is about 120 kilograms. Please note that one enclosure contains always one unit.
In order to mount a filter unit on to the wall, follow the steps outlined below:
30 Mechanical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 31
• Unpack the filter as per Section 3.3
• Transport the filter to the location of installation as per Section 3.4
• Mount the filter fixation bar (Figure 22) on the wall. Use a spirit level to ensure
horizontal fixation. Holes in the supporting bar are intended for bolts M8.
Figure 22: Fixation bar and characteristic dimensions
• Carefully lift the enclosure and slide it down over the fixation bar until it is supported by the fixation bar (Figure 23). T hen the lif t ing too l can be disengaged.
Figure 23: Lifting the filter
• Once the filter is supported by the fixation bar, use the 2 screws provided with the fixation bar to block the filter against the rear support (see Figure 24). Please ensure that the torque used for tightening these M8 bolts is 1.4 Nm (max.) Over tightening may result in deformation of this bar which may damage other components inside the filter
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Mechanical design and installation 31
Page 32
Figure 24: Mounting of filter blocking screws in the fixation bar
• By means of a lower end fixation screw (not provided) the enclosure can be pushed against the rear support at the bottom also (see Figure 25)
• Remove the ribbon that has served to lift the filter.
For additional units, the same procedure has to be followed.

5.5 Filter noise level

Active filters produce a c ertain level of noise when they oper ate. T he nois e level depends on the operating co nditi ons of the unit. T he m a xim um typic al no ise leve l is 6 7dBA. These values should be taken into account when choosing a location for the filter.

5.6 Airflow and cooling requiremen ts

The PQFS dissipates an a mount of heat that has to b e evacuated out of the room where the filter is loca ted. Otherwise, excessive tem perature rise may be experienced. Please note that life of the electr ical equipment decreases dra s tic all y if the opera t ing temperature exceeds the allowable limit (divided by 2 every 10°C/23°F).
Each PQFS power unit has their own cooling fans. The air intakes are located at the bottom of the unit. From the bottom, the air flows through the enclosure and is then routed to the top of the e nclosure. For proper cooling, a m inimum airflow of cooling air has to be supplied to e ach unit. Table 14 gives the airflow requirem ents for different un it ratings.
Figure 25: View of the lower end fixation hole
Table 14: Airflow requirement
Unit rating A irflow requirement (m³/h)
≤ 60A > 60A 600 m³/h
400 m³/h
Please ensure that the air used for cooling is regularly renewed and does not contain conductive particl es, s ig nif i cant amounts of dust, or c o rr osive or otherwise harmful gas es . The cooling air intake tem perature must not ex ceed 40°C under an y operating condition.
32 Mechanical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 33
The hot exhaust a ir als o ha s to b e proper ly duc ted awa y. Figure 26 s ho ws the co oling air flow diagram for a single unit PQFS.
Figure 26: Cooling air flow for a single unit PQFS
When the natural cooling capacity at the location where the filter is installed is not sufficient, air conditi oning systems have to be inst alled to the room. In the des ign of the air conditioning system s, the filter heat losses have to be taken into acc ount. Table 15 gives an overview of the PQFS heat losses for the differ ent power units. For multi-unit filters, the values of Table 15 have to be multiplied by the number of filter units.
Table 15: Filter unit heat losses (maximum values)
Unit rating (Arms) Heat loss (kW)
30 1.5 45 1.8 60 2.1 70 2.6 80 2.9 90 3.2 100 3.5

5.7 Instructions for mounting the PQF-Manager in enclosures

The PQF-Manager us er inter face is m ounted on t o the fr ont panel. I n case it needs to be relocated to another enclosure, follow the guidelines presented next (Figure 27)
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Mechanical design and installation 33
Page 34
1
2
3
4
5
Figure 27: Mechanical installation of the PQF-Manager
Step 1: Make an opening in the new panel of dimensions 138 x 138 mm. Step 2: Slide the PQF-Manager (1) perpendicularly into the enclosure opening (2). Step 3: Rotate the PQF-Manager to insert it into the enclosure. Step 4: Insert the mounting bracket (3) in the corresponding fixation holes (4) of the
PQF-Manager. Step 5: Pull the mounting bracket backwards. Step 6: Turn the screw (5) into the mounting bracket and tighten until the PQF-
Manager is secured in place. Repeat steps 3 to 5 for the bottom-mounting
bracket. Once the PQF-Manager has been installed, it has to be connected elect r ic all y (Cf .
Section 6.2)
34 Mechanical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 35

6 Electrical design and installation

6.1 What this chapter contains

This chapter gives the data required for integratin g the PQFS active filter s uccessfully in an electrical installation. It also gives electrical connection examples for popular filter options.
WARNING: The PQFS is able to operate on networks in a voltage range 208-240 V and 380-415 V with a tolerance range of +/- 10 % (inclusive of harmonics but not transients). Since operation at the upper limits of voltage and temperature may reduce its life expectancy, the PQFS should not be connected to systems for which it is known that over voltages will be sustained indefinitely. Excessive voltage levels may lead to filter damage.
WARNING: The PQFS is not designed to be connected to systems where one phase serves as neutral. Connection of a PQFS to such a system is only authorized after explicit approval by ABB.
The active filter must be connected to the network in parallel with the loads.
WARNING: The PQFS does not incorporate protective power line fuses or main contactor. Hence the customer has to ensure that the feeding cables to each filter panel are adequately protected taking into account the filter rating and the cable section used. More information on this topic is presented in Section 6.7.
Basic filter functionality can be obtained after connection of:
• Ground (PE) ( per enc l os ure)
• Four power cables including neutral. The neutral connection is not mandatory for
filtering three phase loads. The power lines must be protected by appropriately sized fuses or a contactor
• 3 CTs (one per phase, to be connected to each filter unit in a filter system through a daisy chain method with return path)
More advanced filter features (e.g. external m onitoring of the filter status) re quire some more connections. T he connectio ns for these advanc ed featur es have to be m ade on the PQF-Manager.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 35
Page 36
WARNING: Ensure that the filter supply is isolated upstream during filter installation. If the system has been connected to the supply before, wait for 25 minutes after disconnecting the mains power in order to discharge the capacitors. Always verify by measu rement that t he capacitors have discharged. DC capacitors may be charged to more than 800 Vdc.
The DC capacitors of PQFS units are automatically charged once the auxiliary circuit is energized, regardless of whether the filter is switched off or on. Do not touch the DC capacitor link when the auxiliary fuse box is closed.
The active filter control board carries dangerous voltages and shall not be touched once the the auxiliary circuit is energized, regardless of whether the filter is switched off or on. Once the auxiliary circuit is opened, high voltage levels can still be present on the control board. Respect a delay of 25 minutes after disconnecting the mains power before to u ching the control board.

6.2 Instructions for connecting the P QF-Manager to a filter system

PQFS filter mast er units are b y default equip ped with the PQF -Mana ger user inte rfac e. In some cases howev er it may be needed to remove and reconnect the PQF-Manager to the filter.
In order to succes sf ully connect th e PQ F-Man ager t o a PQFS filter unit, it suf fices to plug the male connector attached to the PQF-Manager into the corresponding female connector attached to the filter hardware. This is illustrated in Figure 28.
Figure 28: Connection of the PQF-Manager user interface to the PQFS filter hardware
The female connec tor associated with the filter hard ware is situated at the top right side of the control board and be comes visible after r emoving/lifting slig htly the filter protec tive cover.
Note that the connector incorporates the following signals:
• The 230 V power supply connection
• The internal CAN bus connection

6.3 Checking the insulation of the assembly – earth resistance

WARNING: Follow the procedure outlined below to check the insulation of the filter assembly. Applying other methods may damage the filter.
Every filter has b een teste d for ins ulation bet ween th e m ain circuit and the chas sis/f rame at the factory. Therefor e, do not m ak e any voltag e tol erance or insul ation res ista nce tests
36 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 37
Earth point (PE)
(e.g. hi-pot or megger) on the inverter units. Check the insulation of the assembly by measuring the insulati on resis tance of the f ilter betwee n the Protect ive Earth ( PE) and a ll 3 phases shorted together, with main contactor shorted, and auxiliary circuit open (auxiliary fuses removed). Remove P2 and P3 p lugs f r om the control board. Rem ove also the output cable of the 24 V power supply.
WARNING: Making the test with the auxil iary circuit closed may damage the filter.
Use a measuring voltage of 500 Vdc . The insulat ion resistance m ust be high er than 500 kΩ per enclosure.

6.4 EMC considerations

The active filter complies with the following EMC guidelines: EN/IEC 61000-6-2, Industrial level: Immunity standard for industrial environments. EN/IEC 61000-6-4, Class A: Emission standard for industrial environments.

6.5 Earthing guidelines

Each PQFS plate has on e marked earth points (PE). The earth point is situ ated at the bottom right side of the filter plate (Figure 29)
Figure 29: Identification of the earth poin t on the PQFS hard w are
For safety reasons and for proper operation of the f ilter the earth point of each enclosure must be connected to the i nstallation’s earth (P E). A copper (Cu) cable of minimum size 16 mm² is recommended but local regulations should also be taken into account.
Remark: in PEN systems, the earth connection of the filter must be connected to the installation’s earth (PE) and not to the N-conductor.
Further, the following rules should be respected:
• When the PQFS consists of only one enclosure, the enclosure’s PE-point must be connected directly to the installation’s PE-point
• When the PQFS consists of more than one enclosure, each enclosure’s PE-point must be connected directly to the installation’s PE-point. Additionally, all cubicles’ secondary PE-points must be interconnected. This is illustrated in Figure 30. The interconnection cable should be minimum 16 mm².
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 37
Page 38
Master
Slave 1
Slave 2
PE
PE
PE
Main earth
connection
point in
filter
cubicles
Secondary
earth
connection
point
Figure 30: Earth connection guidelines for a multi-unit PQFS

6.6 Selection of the power cable size

Several types of power cable can be used to connect the filter to the network. Local regulations and habits of ten determine the user’s choice. Note however th at due to the high frequency out put filter of the PQ F, there is no ra diated emission through the f eeding cables. Consequently, there is no need for special screening of the filter connection cables.
The following steps have to be followed to determine the section of the power cables feeding the filter:
1. Determ ine the RMS current rating of the enclosure for which the cable has to be rated (Irms).
The rating is marked on the enclosure label. Each enclosure has to be individually connected to the supply and bottom cable
entry has to be used. If require d an optional cable connecti on box can be added to allow for multi-cable termination.
The minimum cable section to be used for the power conductors is 16 mm². The RMS current for which the cable has to be rated equals the cur rent rat ing of the
unit to be connected to the supply. Note that the neutral connection has to be able to carry three times the unit current rating.
2. Determ ine the factor X and the cable section r equired taking into account th e skin effect.
The multiplication f actor X is a fac tor that tak es into acc ount that t he cur rent t hat will flow through the filter conn ection cables is predominantl y a harmonic current, i.e. a current of which th e frequenc y of the most important com ponents is hig her than the network base frequ ency. Due to the freque ncy being higher t han the network bas e frequency a physical phenomenon called ‘skin effect’ comes into play. This effect implies that for higher frequencies the current will not flow through the complete cross section of the cable but will have the tendenc y to flow at the cable surface. The result is that althou gh one may use a cable of A mm ², t he sec tion through which the current flows is only x⋅A mm² (with x < 1). In order to compensate for this “loss of section”, the cable has to be o vers i zed s uc h that th e total equivalent sect ion thr o ug h which the current flows taking into account the skin effect is acceptable.
38 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 39
The multiplication fac tor X to be used depends on the cable material (e.g. copper [Cu], aluminum [Al]) and on the base frequency of the network on whic h the f ilter w ill be installed. For a gi ven installation its value can be deter mined using the f ollowing process:
Step 1: Determine in a conventional way (e. g. using cable manufac turer ’s tab les ) t he cable section A (mm²) for the RMS current Irms obtained in 1 above.
Step 2: Using the cable section A, the cable material and the network frequency as entry points in Table 16, determine the multiplication factor X.
Table 16: Multiplication factors X for different cable sections
Cable section [mm²]
16 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 25 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.01 35 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 50 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.04 70 1.02 1.05 1.03 1.06 95 1.04 1.08 1.05 1.10 120 1.05 1.11 1.07 1.14
Network frequency 50Hz
Al-cable Cu-cable Al-cable Cu-cable
Network frequency 60 Hz
Step 3: Determine in a conventional way the cab le section A2 (mm²) for the c urrent rating found by multiplying Irms by X.
If the new cable section A 2 is equal to the initially found cab le section A, the right cable section taking into account the skin effect has been found.
If the new cable sect ion A2 is b igger than th e initia lly found cable sec tion A, s teps 2 and 3 have to be repeat ed with the new values until the cable section A2 f ound is equal to the cable section A.
Remark: during this process it m ay be found t hat more th an one cab le per phas e is needed. The process then has to be applied to each cable.
As an illustration of the cable sizing process consider the following example: PQFS 60 A/50Hz, 3-wire connection, cable material: Cu (copper) Step 1: IN = 60A à cable section = 16 [mm2] Step 2: multiplication factor for a 16 [mm2] copper cable at 50 Hz = 1.00 Step 3: I = IN x 1.00 = 60A x 1.00 = 60 A Step 4: I = 60A à cable section: 16 [mm2] This section is equal to the section found in the previous step. Conclusion: one copper cable of 16 [mm2] per phase is sufficient. Remark: The cable sizing process discussed in point 2 above only takes into
account the skin effect. Any further derating due to local standards and/or installation conditions (e.g. dis tance between c ables, n um ber of c ables connec ted in parallel …) have to be taken into acc ount by the com pany responsible for the PQF cable connection.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 39
Page 40
As an example of the cable sizing procedure, consider Table 17 and Table 18, which show the allowed current for different parameters noting typical cable manufacturer data.
WARNING: Consult your cable manufacturer for the applicable cable.
Table 17: Allowed cable current for different cable sections noting the skin effect
and typical cable manufacturer data – Network frequency 50Hz
Copper Aluminum Cross section
[mm²] [AWG]
16 6 1 1 100 0.997 100 75 0.999 75 25 4 1 1 130 0.993 125 100 0.997 100 35 2 1 1 160 0.987 158 120 0.994 119 50 1-1/0 1 1 190 0.975 185 145 0.989 142 70 2/0 1 1 230 0.955 220 180 0.98 176 95 3/0 1 1 285 0.93 265 220 0.965 210 120 4/0 1 1 325 0.904 290 250 0.95 238 150 300MCM 1 1 365 0.877 320 285 0.93 265 185 350MCM 1 1 415 0.844 350 325 0.908 295 240 500MCM 1 1 495 0.804 390 385 0.876 335 300 600MCM 1 1 550 0.768 420 425 0.843 358 16 6 2 0.8 160 0.997 159 120 0.999 120 25 4 2 0.8 208 0.993 205 160 0.997 160 35 2 2 0.8 256 0.987 250 192 0.994 190
Nr of parallel cables
Derating due to paralleling
Rated current [Arms]
Reduction factor
Allowed current [Arms]
Rated current [Arms]
Reduction factor
Allowed current [Arms]
50 1-1/0 2 0.8 304 0.975 290 232 0.989 229 70 2/0 2 0.8 368 0.955 350 288 0.98 282 95 3/0 2 0.8 456 0.93 420 352 0.965 340 120 4/0 2 0.8 520 0.904 470 400 0.95 380 150 300MCM 2 0.8 584 0.877 510 456 0.93 424 185 350MCM 2 0.8 664 0.844 560 520 0.908 472 240 500MCM 2 0.8 792 0.804 630 616 0.876 540 300 600MCM 2 0.8 880 0.768 675 680 0.843 573
Remark: The highlighted valu es in Table 17 refer to cable s izes that c orres pond to typica l filter rati ngs. Note th at in 4 -wire s ystem s, t he neutra l m ay have t o carr y up to 3 ti m es the line current rating of the filter.
40 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 41
Table 18: Allowed cable current for different cable sections noting the skin effect
and typical cable manufacturer data – Network frequency 60Hz
Copper Aluminum Cross section
[mm²] [AWG]
16 6 1 1 100 0.996 99 75 1 75 25 4 1 1 130 0.99 128 100 1 100 35 2 1 1 160 0.981 157 120 0.99 119 50 1-1/0 1 1 190 0.965 183 145 0.98 143 70 2/0 1 1 230 0.941 216 180 0.97 175 95 3/0 1 1 285 0.911 260 220 0.95 210 120 4/0 1 1 325 0.88 286 250 0.93 233 150 300MCM 1 1 365 0.85 310 285 0.91 260 185 350MCM 1 1 415 0.817 339 325 0.89 288 240 500MCM 1 1 495 0.775 383 385 0.85 326 300 600MCM 1 1 550 0.738 406 425 0.81 346 16 6 2 0.8 160 0.996 159 120 1 120 25 4 2 0.8 208 0.99 205 160 1 160 35 2 2 0.8 256 0.981 250 192 0.99 190
Nr of parallel cables
Derating due to paralleling
Rated current [Arms]
Reduction factor
Allowed current [Arms]
Rated current [Arms]
Reduction factor
Allowed current [Arms]
50 1-1/0 2 0.8 304 0.965 293 232 0.98 228 70 2/0 2 0.8 368 0.941 346 288 0.97 280 95 3/0 2 0.8 456 0.911 415 352 0.95 336 120 4/0 2 0.8 520 0.88 457 400 0.93 374 150 300MCM 2 0.8 584 0.85 496 456 0.91 416 185 350MCM 2 0.8 664 0.817 542 520 0.89 460 240 500MCM 2 0.8 792 0.775 613 616 0.85 522 300 600MCM 2 0.8 880 0.738 649 680 0.81 553
Remark: The highlighted valu es in Table 18 refer to cable s izes that c orres pond to typica l filter ratings. Note that i n 4-wir e s ystems , the neutr al may have to carry up to 3 t im es the line current rating of the filter.

6.7 Selection of the power cable protection/filter input protection scheme

Once the power cables have been selected, a suitable cab le and equipment protection has to be selected. The pr o tec tio n on l y needs to pr o tect the phases and not the neutral. It is recommended to use fuses of type gG/gL with the RMS current ratings given in Table
19.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 41
Page 42
L1
L2
L3
To PQFS
power stage
To PQFS control circuit and
DC bus loading circuit
2.5mm² reinforced
6A (10X38 for up to 415V)
N
Customer added protection
PQFS filter unit
Note: neutral connection only needed for 4-wire connection
Table 19: RMS current ratings for protection fuses
Filter nominal current rating (Arms)
30 40 125 45 63 125 60 80 125 70 100 160 80 100 160 90 125 160 100 125 160
Minimum fuse protection (Arms)
Maximum fuse protection (Arms)
Voltage rating of the fuses should be according to the network voltage. As an alternative to fuse protection, MCCB pro tection of appropriate si zing can also be
used. When the customer protection is in place, the following PQFS input protection will result.
Figure 31: Symbolic representation of the PQFS input protection
The active filter po wer circuit is internall y connected to the ne twork by means of a m ain contactor of type ABB AF 75.
The PQFS control c ircuit and DC bus preload s ystem is pr otected by a fuse protection scheme, the characteristics of which are given in Table 20.
42 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 43
Table 20: Control circuit fuse characteristics for PQFS filters
Nominal network voltage
Control circuit fuse type
(Vrms)
208 ≤ Ue ≤ 415
French Ferrule 10 X 38 gG/gl 6 ~ 120 500
Remark:
(a)
Fuse short circuit current capability
WARNING: Once the auxiliary fuse box is closed, the DC bus is automatically charged when the upstream network is live. Therefore, close the auxiliary circuit only when the upstream power circuit is not live. Failure to adhere to this guideline may result in injury or death.

6.8 Connection of the PQFS to the network

WARNING: The PQF has to be installed in parallel with the loads, preferably on a free feeder. Local regulations and requirements prevail in determining how the equipment has to be connected to the network. The feeding cables to the filter must be protected by their own cable and equipment protection device (see
Section 6.7).
Irms fuse (Arms)
(a)
fuse (kA) at
Isc rated voltage
Rated Voltage (Vrms)
WARNING: The PQF can operate on networks with nominal voltage in the range 208-240 V and 380-415 V. The unit must be configured for the operation range it will be used on. Follow the guidelines in this section to ensure that the hardware is configured properly. Failure to do so may lead to filter damage.
For applications where predominan tly 3 phase loads are present and where there is no need for neutral current filtering nor line to neutral balancing, connect the active filter in 3-Wire mode.
For applications where predominantly single-phase loads are present and where there is a need for neutral current filtering and/or line to neutral balancing, connect the active filter in 4-Wire mode.
NOTE: When installing an active filter in installations containing power factor correction capacito r banks, it is recomm end ed t o use detuned capacitor b an ks an d to connect the capacitor banks upstream of the filter measurement CTs.
NOTE: The PQF active filter is not compatible with high impedance devices installed upstream of the filter in the neutral. The PQF may refuse to start or may not function correctly when such a device is present. For best PQF performance, these devices have to be removed or bypassed.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 43
Page 44

6.8.1 Connection of the PQFS in 3-wire mode

Use the 3-wire connection mode for installations where there is no need for neutral current filtering nor line to neutral balancing. In this mode, the active filter can compensate 20 individual harmonic components.
In order to connect the PQFS in 3-wire mode, follow the below guidelines:
1. Fix the filter mechanically to the wall (Cf. Section 5.4)
2. Ensure t hat an appropriatel y selected protecting d evice is connected u pstream and that the power supply cables are not live
3. Rem ove the protectiv e cover present a t the bottom right side of the f ilter (Cf . Figure
32)
Figure 32: Removing the protective cover at the bottom side of the active filter enclosure
4. Make holes in the protective cover of appropriate section corresponding to the power cable section us ed. Also m ak e holes f or the ea rth c able, t he CT wire and an y other control wires that may be needed, e.g. for implementing remote control functionality. W hen finished, slide the cover o ver the feeding cables and the ear th cable.
5. Connect the earth cable (Cf. Section 6.5)
6. Connect the three power cables to the reactor terminals (Cf. Figure 33)
Figure 33: Connecting the three power cables and connecting them to the filter reactor terminals
Remarks:
• The left reactor terminal corresponds to phase L1 (R, A)
• The middle reactor terminal corresponds to phase L2 (Y, B)
• The right reactor terminal corresponds to phase L3 (B, C)
The cable lugs of the feeding cables should comply with:
• Maximum lug width: in accordance with terminal width
• Minimum lug eye diameter: M8
44 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 45
Appropriate torque (20Nm) must be applied to ensure that cables are properly fixed.
7. Slide the bot tom protective cover up and f ix it with the screws to seal off the power supply terminals
8. In addit ion to the power cables and the earth con nection cable, the CT connecti on cable and any other contr ol cabl es us ed f or enhanc ed func tions can at this st age be passed through the protective cover into the filter panel.
9.1 Preparation of the filter for networks of nominal voltage 380-415V: When the filter will be installed on a network with nominal voltage 380-415V, no
further hardware configuration is needed. The two wires ‘N’ are by default connected to the terminal block X02-1 (Cf. Figure 34).
Figure 34: Position of the wires ‘N’ for networks with nominal voltage 380-415V
9.2 Preparation of the filter for networks of nominal voltage 208-240V: When the filter will be installed on a network with nominal voltage 208-240V, the
wires labeled ‘N’ ( see Figure 34) have to be disconnected from the ter minal X02-1 and have to be connected to the terminal X02-3 (see Figure 35).
Figure 35: Position of the wires ‘N’ for networks with nominal voltage 208-240V
Remark: the other wires labeled ‘N’ a nd also on t he term inal X02-1 but on t he other si de cannot be removed (see Figure 36).
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 45
Page 46
Figure 36: Position of the wires ‘N’ which cannot be removed

6.8.2 Connection of the PQFS in 4-wire mode

Use the 4-wire connect ing m ode for installatio ns where there is a need f or neutr al c urrent filtering and/or line t o neutr al balancin g. In this m ode, the act ive filter c an com pensate 15 individual harmonic components.
In order to connect the PQFS in 4-wire mode, follow the gu idelines of Section 6.8.1 with the exception that:
4. Make also a hole for the neutral cable in the protective cover noting the larger section required for the neutral
6. Connect the three power cables and the neutral cable. Whereas the three power cables can be connec ted as describes in item 6 of Section 6.8.1, the neutral cab le has to be connected to the neutral connection point (Cf. Figure 37)
Figure 37: Connection of the neutral cable when using the PQFS in 4-wire mode
The cable lugs for the neutral cables should comply with:
• Maximum lug width: in accordance with terminal width
• Minimum lug eye diameter: M8
Appropriate torque must be applied to ensure that cables are properly fixed. Other points in the connection procedure are as per previous Section. Remarks:
• In case of regenerative loads (e.g. loads that may inject active energy to the
network, usually called 4Q-loads), it is very important to connect the PQF outside the protection of this load. Indeed, consider Figure 38 where a common protection is installed for both the regenerative load and for the PQF. When the load re-injects energy to the network and the mains protection trips, the whole energy may be pushed into the PQF, which may damage it severely. Figure 39
46 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 47
PQF 4Q
load
PQF
4Q
load
shows the admitted protection scheme for regenerative loads. In this case, if the breaker of the load trips, the PQF is isolated from the energy fed back by the drive.
Figure 38: Incorrect connection Figure 39: Correct connection
in the case of 4Q-loads in the case of 4Q-loads

6.9 Selection of the current transform er s

Each filter unit in a filter system has to monitor the line curren t in order to determine
the harmonic load and function correctly. This is done by three current transformers (CTs). For proper operation of the PQFS standard accuracy CTs with the following minimum specifications have to be used:
• 5 A secondary current rating.
• 15 VA burden for up to 30 meters of 2.5 mm² cable. For longer cables lengths
refer to the chart in Figure 40. In case the CTs are shared with other loads, the VA burden shall be adapted accordingly. Note that the burden requirement for a complete filter system (consisting of up to 4 filter units) is 5 VA, excluding connecting cables.
• Class 1 accuracy
• Primary side current rating sufficient to monitor the total line current (including
transient phenomena such as drive/motor starts …)
It is strongly recommended that the three CTs have the same characteristics.
WARNING: The connection of different filter units in a PQFS system, as well as other loads, on the same CT must be in series.
In order to determ ine the suitable CTs for your applic ation, please refer to the chart in
Figure 40.
Remark: in some applications two or more power supplies exist (e.g. a network transformer supply and a generator supply). When the current into both supplies has to be filtered, summ ing CTs have to be used. All summing CTs must have the sam e ratio. More information on how to install the summing CTs is given in next section.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 47
Page 48
Maximum rms current of the
downstream loads (including starting
current of DC drives):
X1 = ….. Arms
Multiply X1 by
1.6: X2 = …. Arms
CT cables > 30 meters ?
Select 3 identical CT’s such that:
- rating at primary ≥ X2
- rating at secondary: 5A
- Burden ≥ 15 VA
- Class 1 accuracy or better
NO
Section of CT cables:
2.5 mm²? (recommended)
Determine the length of
CT cables (meters)
L = … m
X3 = (L x 0.007 x 25) + 10
X3 = … VA
Select 3 identical CT’s such that:
- rating at primary ≥ X2
- rating at secondary: 5A
- Burden ≥ X3 VA
- Class 1 accuracy or better
Determine the length (m) and
resistance (Ω/m)of
CT cables (meters)
L = … m
R = … Ω/m
X4 = (L x R x 25) + 10
X4 = … VA
Select 3 identical CT’s such that:
- rating at primary ≥ X2
- rating at secondary: 5A
- Burden ≥ X4 VA
- Class 1 accuracy or better
NOYES
YES
48 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Figure 40: Flow chart for CT determination
Page 49

6.10 Current transformer installation and connection

The location of the CTs is critical to ens ure the proper oper ation of the active f ilter. The CTs are the “eyes” of the fil ter and it will r eact i n ac c ordanc e with th e inf or mation supplied by them.
WARNING: Special care has to be taken for the connection and location of the CTs: wrong CT installation is the most common source of problems found at the commissioning stage.
WARNING: In a filter system consisting of more than one unit, the CT information has to be supplied to all the units. This must be done through a daisy chain connection configuration.
By def ault, the PQFS ac tive f ilter is pro vided with CT term inals that are n ot shor ted. A se t of shorting plugs is provide d with the f ilter. T hey shoul d alwa ys be kept with the f ilter and accessible for service engineers.
WARNING: When connecting the CTs of a live system to the PQFS, the secondaries of the CTs have to be shorted. Failure to do so may result in CT explosion and consequent damage to the installation. Once the connections to the filter have been made, the shortin g links must be removed.
The basic rules for successful CT installation are given next (Cf. Figure 41):
• The three filter CTs have to be positioned for closed loop control, i.e. the CT must monitor the load current and the filter current. In some cases, summation CTs may be needed to fulfil the closed loop requirement (Cf. examples further down this section).
• The CTs must be positioned in the correct direction around the power cable: the K (P1) side should be in the direction of the supply and the L (P2) side should be in the direction of the load.
• Each CT must have its own guard circuit, i.e. one terminal of each CTs secondary terminals (k (S1) or l (S2)) should be earthed. Once a terminal is chosen (e.g. k-terminal), the same terminal should be earthed for all the CTs.
• The CT monitoring a phase should be connected to the filter terminal dedicated to the same phase. In practice this means that:
o The k (S1) terminal of the line 1 CT (L1, Red, U) must be connected to
terminal X21-1 of the filter
o The l (S2) terminal of the line 1 CT (L1, Red, U) must be connected to
terminal X21-2 of the filter
o The k (S1) terminal of the line 2 CT (L2, Yellow, V) must be connected
to terminal X21-3 of the filter
o The l (S2) terminal of the line 2 CT (L2, Yellow, V) must be connected to
terminal X21-4 of the filter
o The k (S1) terminal of the line 3 CT (L3, Blue, W) must be connected to
terminal X21-5 of the filter
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 49
Page 50
L1
L2
L3
Load side
Supply side
K L
k
l
K L k l
K L
k l
PQF
X21.5
X21.4
X21.3
X21.2
X21.1
X21.6
L1 L2
L3
To X21.1/X21.2
To X21.3/X21.4
To X21.5/X21.6
K = P1, L = P2, k = S1, l = S2
N
N
o The l (S2) terminal of the line 3 CT (L3, Blue, W) must be connected to
terminal X21-6 of the filter
• The CT connection terminal X21 is located in the middle of the top plate of the filter (Cf. Figure 42).
Figure 41: Basic CT connection example for a single unit active filter.
Figure 42: Location of the CT connection terminal X21 in the PQFS
The terminal block X21 can handl e control ca ble wiring with sections f rom 2.5 mm ² to 10 mm².
In addition to the 6-wire CT cabling approach shown in Figure 41 above, a 4-wire approach may also be us e d. This approach is illustra ted in Figure 43. In th is cas e the C T secondary terminal to which the guard c ircuit is c onnected is interc onnected b etween the CTs and also on th e f ilt er t er minal X21. One comm on c able is us e d f or this terminal. Note that this cable must be abl e to withstand three times the second ary current rating of the CTs.
50 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 51
L1
L2
L3
Load side
Supply side
K L
K L
K L
PQF
X21.5
X21.4
X21.3
X21.2
X21.1
X21.6
L1 L2 L3
To X21.2
To X21.4
To X21.6
K = P1, L = P2, k = S1, l = S2
N
N
N
Preload
resistor
Output filter
Unit 1
Unit 2
Output filter
Power Unit 1
Master Unit
Power Unit 2 Master or Slave Unit
N
AC power supply
L
L
…
(2)
(1)
Figure 43: Four wires CT wiring approach that may be used with a single unit PQFS active filter
In case a filter system consists of more than one unit, all units have to be supplied with the CT measurement information. This is done by cabling the CTs in a daisy chain fashion between the different units. This is illustrated in Section 6.11.3.

6.11 Electrical interconnection of PQFS enclosures

This section explains how to electrically interconnect different PQFS enclosures.
Figure 44 shows schematically which interconnections have to be made between two
filter enclosures.
Figure 44: Overview of the connections to be made between two filter enclosures
The interconnection description is given in Table 21.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 51
Page 52
Table 21: Interconnections between two filter units
Item Description
1 Control board intercommunication cable through CAN bus (RJ45 cable) 2 CT interconnection cable
Four steps have to be followed to electrically interconnect a new PQFS unit with an existing filter. They are outlined in the next four paragraphs.

6.11.1 Mechanical preparation of the encl o sures

• Remove the knockouts on the appropriate side of the filter cover panels (Cf.
Figure 45) where the filter interconnection cables have to be passed through.
Figure 45: View of knockout on filter sides
• Cover the sharp edges of the knockouts with the rubber seal provided with the slave units.

6.11.2 Control board cable interconnection

WARNING: Failure to interconnect the control boards in an appropriate way will result in filter malfunctioning and possibly sever damage of the unit.
Interconnect the contro l boards of a following unit with a previous filter unit by an RJ45­based communication cable. This cable is provided with each unit.
Figure 46 shows the way to interconnect the control boards.
52 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 53
Control board in the ‘previous’ unit
Control board in the ‘next’ unit
From previous unit (if present)
To next unit (if present)
Figure 46: Control board interconnection cable connection method.
• The RJ45 control cable coming from the preceding filter unit is plugged in the left hand side RJ45-socket at the top of the filter control board.
• The RJ45 control cable leaving for the next filter unit is plugged in the right hand side RJ45-socket at the top of the filter control board
• Repeat the same procedure for any other filters to be connected.
Notes:
• In the first unit of a filter system, the left hand RJ45-socket will always be empty.
• In the last unit of a filter system, the right hadn RJ45-socket will always be empty.
• During the commissioning phase, a unique address has to be assigned to each
unit in a filter system through dip switch. (see Chapter 8)

6.11.3 CT cable interconnection

WARNING: Failure to connect the CT’s to all units in a filter system in an appropriate way will result in filter malfunctioning and possibly sever damage of the unit.
In a multi-unit PQFS-system, all units have to be supplied with the CT –measurement results. In order to do this the CT’s have to be cabled to each unit in a daisy chain fashion. The connection pr inciple is shown in Figure 47 for the CT of phase which is f ed to four filter units. The same approach has to be implemented for the other phases too.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 53
Page 54
Unit 1
CT terminal X21
1 2
Unit 2
CT terminal X21
1 2
Unit 3
CT terminal X21
1 2
Unit 4
CT terminal X21
1 2
CT in
phase 1
Figure 47: Principle of the CT interconnection circuit for multi-unit filters.
Note that the overall burden requirement for a complete filter system is 5 VA. To this value has to be ad ded the bur den req uirem ent of the inter connec tion c ables to o btain t he total burden requirement of the CT’s to be used.

6.11.4 Connection of the power stage to the supply

As a final step in the inter connection pr ocess, the power stage of the new un it has to be connected to the supply.
The same connection appr oach as used for the other f ilter units must be adopted. More information on how to connect a PQFS filter unit to the power supply can be found in
Section 6.8.
WARNING: Make sure that the phase rotation of the power cable connection is clockwise at the filter terminals and that the L1, L2 and L3 terminal in each filter unit is connected to the same phase for all units. Failure to do so may lead to the filter being damaged upon startup.
WARNING: Once a new filter unit has been added to a filter system, this unit has to be given a unique address (through DIP switch setting on its control board). In addition, the filter unit has to be recommissioned.
If more than one unit is added, it is recommended to first finish the hardware modifications and then set up the controller accordingly. More information on how to change the filter controller unit settings can be found in Section 7.7.2.2 and Section 8.5.
After making and verification of all the electrical connections:
• Set a unique address on each filter unit control board
• Close the auxiliary fuse box of the filter units
• Restore the top cover(s) of the filter units

6.12 Electrical connections to the PQF-Manager user interface

The PQF-Manager is the user interface between the outside world and the filter controller. It is m ounted on the filter cover panel. Dep ending on the user requirem ents,
54 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 55
L
Com
LOCK
RS232
PC-ABS
Made in Belgium
Fuse 200mA
Digital Input 1
(15-24Vdc)
H
CAN
Power Supply
+
-
-
+
RS485
Do not connect
Power Supply
Do not connect
Alarm Outputs N.O.
Do not connect
Digital Input 2
(15-24Vdc)
RS485 MODBUS Adapter Supply
(max 250Vac / 1.5A)
N.C.
Com Out 1 Out 2
Out 4
Out 3
Out 6
Out 5
Digital Outputs
(max 110Vdc / 0.3A
or 440Vac / 1.5A)
Shield
less or more electr ical connections have to be m ade to it. Figure 48 s hows the rear sid e layout of the PQF-Manager . In order to get acces s to the rear side of the PQ F-Manager, remove the PQFS top cover (Cf. guidelines in Section 3.4.)
Figure 48: Rear side layout of the PQF-Manager user interface
When looking at the PQF-Manager from the rear, on the left s ide can be found a 15-pole terminal block and on the right side an 8 pole terminal block (top-right) and a 4-pole terminal block (bottom right). In order to make control connections to any of these terminals, the following procedure has to be applied:
1. Push the lever of the connector backwards with a screwdriver
2. Insert the c ontr ol wires (fr om 0.75 m m² to 2.5 mm ² single core without c able sh oe or max. 1.5 mm² for multi-strand wire) in the corresponding connection hole while keeping the pressure on the lever.
3. Release the screwdriver
4. The wire is then properly connected
The remainder of this section gives examples of how to cable different functions, i.e.
Case 1: Cabling of remote control functionality. Case 2: Cabling of alarm functionality. Case 3: Cabling of warning functionality.
Figure 49: PQF-Manager lead connections
Case 4: Cabling of the digital output contacts to monitor other filter operation modes than warnings and alarms.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 55
Page 56
Case 5: Cabling of main/auxiliary control functionality. Case 6: Implementation of local start/stop buttons.
It is recommended that f or additional functions th at are cabled to the PQ FS, a connector approach is used such as is the case for the interna l communication and PQF -Manager power supply.
WARNING: Before cabling any of the circuits discussed below, switch off the power supply to the filter. When the filter has already been installed on site, this is done by opening the protection system located just upstream of the filter and opening the auxiliary fuse box present in the filter. Wait at least 25 minutes to allow for the DC capacitors to discharge when the filter has been connected to the network before. Failure to do so may resul t in lethal injury or death.
After making and verification of all the electrical connections
• Close the auxiliary fuse box of the filter units starting from the last slave and
ending with the master unit
• Restore the top cover(s) of the filter units including the connection of the PQF-
Manager to the master unit
• The power to the filter may then be restored

6.12.1 Cabling of remote control functionality

The PQFS has the possibility to be controlled by remote control. An example of this approach is a drive that is s witched on at a loc ation and which autom aticall y gives a start command to the fi lter. When the drive is then stopp ed, the drive sends automatica lly a stop command to the filter too. T his section gives an example of how the cabling has to be done on the filter side.
Any of the two digital inputs on the PQF-Manager (Cf. Figure 48) can be used t o cable the remote control f unctionali ty. The el ectrical r equirem ents of the digital inp uts ar e given in Table 60 (Filter characteristics section). Figure 50 gives an example of how to implement the remote control functionality on Digital Input 1.
56 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 57
Switch controlled by external process
24 Vdc external power supply
(b)
S
+
-
7
(a)
8
(a)
+
-
PQF-Manager
Digital input 1 (15
-24Vdc)
Remarks:
(a)
Left hand terminal block when looking from rear, counting from top to bottom
(b)
Acceptable power supply range: 15Vdc-24 Vdc, driving current 13mA@24Vdc
Figure 50: Implementation of remote control functionality on Digital Input 1 of the PQF-Manager
WARNING: If a function is assigned to a digital input, the same function must never be assigned to the other digital input. Otherwise the filter may behave erratically.
Once the cabling has been finished,
• The auxiliary fuse box may be closed
• The filter top cover may be replaced including the connection of the PQF-
Manager to the master unit
• The power to the filter may then be restored
Then, the PQF-Manager h as to be us ed to assoc iate the rem ote contr ol function ality with Digital Input 1. This is done by going to the digital input setup menu and selecting ‘Remote ON’ for digital inp ut 1. When this is done the f ilter will switc h on when the s witch S shown in Figure 50 is closed and the filter w ill switch off when the s witch S is opened. Refer to Section 7.7.1.2 for guidelines on how to navigate to the digital input setup menu.
In a multi-master arrangem ent, the master that has the control over th e system (i.e. the master which is operational and which has the lowest address) will monitor the digital inputs. Therefore, in order to obtain full red undancy with filters co nsisting of more than one master unit, the digital inputs of all the units in a multi-master arrangement have to be set up and cabled in the same way.
Remarks:
• When the remote control functionality has been activated this function has priority
over a local start/stop command. When the local command has to be given, deactivate first the remote control functionality by navigating with the PQF­Manager to the digital input setup menu and setting the digital input considered to ‘Disabled’.
• The remote control functionality can also be implemented on the Digital Input 2
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 57
Page 58

6.12.2 Cabling of alarm functionality

An alarm represents an error condition that makes the filter trip. Two types of error conditions exist:
• External error condition: These are conditions that are imposed on to the filter
from the outside world. Consider the example of the network voltage that increases well above the filter safe operation level for a certain time. In that case the filter will disconnect from the network reporting a network over voltage. When the network voltage returns to a normal level however, the filter will reconnect to the network and continue filtering providing that the same problem does not occur systematically.
• Internal error conditions: These are error conditions that are reported by internal
controls of the filter itself. They may indicate an internal filter problem.
Two ways to cable the alarm functionality exist:
• The PQF-Manager alarm outputs located at the bottom right side (when looking
at the PQF-Manager from the rear) are triggered (return to default position) whenever:
o a permanent internal or external error condition is present. In order to
avoid transient switching of the contacts, the error has to be present for 3 minutes before the alarm relays are activated.
o no power is supplied to the f ilte r
Table 24 further down this s ection gives an overview of al l the error conditions
that lead to the alarm contact being triggered. Two alarm contacts exist, one being of type ‘normally open’ (NO) and the other of type ‘normally closed’ (NC).
The alarm contacts are
o free of potential o rated for a maximum of 250 Vac/1.5 A or 30 Vdc/5 A. When using a 24
Vdc power supply, a minimum current of 25 mA should be drawn by the circuit connected to the alarm contact.
Table 22 shows the s tatus of the alarm contact s for different oper ation m odes of
the filter.
Table 22: Status of the alarm contacts for different filter operation modes
Filter state Normally open alarm
contact state
Disconnected from the supply Open Closed Filter (auxiliaries) connected to
the supply, no error present
Closed Open
Normally closed alarm contact state
Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the supply, error appears
Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the supply, error disappears
Opens when error present for 3 minutes
Otherwise, remains closed When open before, clo se s
when error disappears When closed before, remains
closed
Figure 51 shows an example of an alarm contact-cabling sch eme using the NC
alarm contact. Using t his s cheme the bulb B will be o n when t he po wer su ppl y to
58 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Closes when error present for 3 minutes
Otherwise, remains open When closed before, opens
when error disappears When open before, remains
open
Page 59
9
10
11
(a)
12
(a)
PQF-Manager
Alarm
outputs
NO
NC
230 Vac external power supply
External bulb alarm indicator
B
Remark:
(a)
Right hand terminal block when looking from rear, counting from top to
Note: Contacts drawn in non-alarm position
230 Vac external power supply
NC Alarm contact of master 1
NC Alarm contact of master 2
Alarm bulb
the filter is interrupt ed or th e filter trips due to an er ror. O therwise the bu lb wil l be off.
Figure 51: Alarm bulb cabling scheme using the NC alarm contact on the PQF-Manager
When the filter s ystem consists of multiple m aster-units and an alarm contact is needed to signal when t he complete s ystem is off , then t he NC alarm contacts of all the master units have to be c abl ed in ser ies . An ex ample is given in Figure 52 for 2 master filters.
Figure 52: Cabling of the alarm status of a multi-unit filter consisting of masters only, using the NC
alarm contact on each filter.
In the Figure 52, the alarm bulb will be activated when both m aster units are in alarm.
Figure 53 shows a cabling scheme using a 24 Vdc suppl y in conjunctio n with the
NO alarm contact. T he scheme assumes that an external digital input m onitors the alarm contact of the f ilter. In this case the voltage appl ied to the digital input will be low when:
o the filter is disconnected from the supply OR o the filter trips due to an error OR o the external 24 Vdc power supply fails
The voltage applied to the external digital input is high when:
o the filter is connected to the supply and is not in error AND o the external 24 Vdc power supply is in working order
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 59
Page 60
9
(a)
10
(a)
11 12
Alarm
outputs
NO
NC
24 Vdc external supply
Remark:
(a)
Right hand terminal block when looking from rear, counting from top to bottom
External digital input
+
-
+
-
PQF-Manager
Note: Contacts drawn in non-alarm position
24 Vdc
external
supply
NO Alarm
contact of
master 1
NO Alarm
contact of
master 2
External
digital
input
+
-
Figure 53: Alarm cabling example using NO alarm contact and external digital input
When the filter s ystem consists of multipl e master-units and an alarm contact is needed to signal when t he complete system is off, then the N O alarm contacts of all the master units hav e to be cabled in par allel. An exam ple is given in Figure
54 for 2 master filters.
Figure 54: Cabling of the alarm status of a multi-unit filter co nsi sting of masters only, using the NO
alarm contact on each filter.
In the Figure 54 above, the external input will be low if:
o Both master units are in alarm OR o The external 24 V power supply fails OR o Both filter units are disconnected from the supply
• A second method to implement alarm functionality is to use the PQF-Manager’s
programmable digital output contacts. Use this approach when the condition for alarm is uniquely defined, e.g. an alarm has to be given only when the filter trips due to an unacceptably high network voltage or when the filter trips due to a well defined internal error. In that case the desired function can be assigned to a programmable alarm which can be monitored be assigned to a digital output.
This type of alarm has to be cabled on the 8 pin terminal block situated at the top right corner when looking at the PQF-Manager from the rear (Cf. Figure 48)
60 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 61
The digital output contacts have a common point (cabled on contacts 1 and 2) and are of the NO-type (normally open). The contact ratings are:
o Maximum continuous ac rating: 440 Vac/1.5 A o Maximum continuous dc rating: 110 Vdc/0.3A o The common is rated at 9 A/terminal, giving a total of 18 A o When using a power supply of 24Vdc, a minimum current of 10 mA
should be drawn by the circuit connected to the digital output contact
Table 23 shows the s tatus of a digital out put contac t conf igured as alarm c ontact
for different operation modes of the filter.
Table 23: Status of a digital output contact configured
as alarm contact for different filter operation modes
Filter state Normally open digital contact state
Disconnected from the supply Open
Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the
Open
supply, no error present
Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the supply, predefined error appears
Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the supply, predefined error disappears
Closes when error present for 3 minutes.
Otherwise, contact remains open.
When closed before, opens when error disappears.
When opened before, remains open.
The alarm conditions that can be assigned to a digital output are given in Table
24. The assignment m ust be made with the PQF -Manager. An y of the six digita l
outputs can be used to ca ble an alar m. A m aximum of 3 alarm s can be as signed to the digital outputs. N ote however that by default the dig ital outputs have been set up for monitoring other f unctions than alarms (cf. Table 10) R efer to Section
7.7.1.2 for guidelines on how to navigate to the digital output setup menu.
Table 24: List of possible alarm conditions that may trigger the alarm/digital outputs
Alarm condition Criteria to be fulfilled before contact is activated
Supply voltage (RMS) unacceptably high
Supply voltage (RMS) unacceptably low
Vrms_max > 110% Vnominal
Vrms_min < 90% Vnominal
One of the phases of the supply is missing
Network imbalance unacceptably high
Frequency variation unaccept ably high
PQFS DC bus voltage unacceptably high
PQFS internal preload error DC capacitor voltage rise too low in preload phase or
PQFS over current fault Internal current higher than allowed PQFS IGBT fault IGBT hardware reports internal permanent error PQFS IGBT over temperature IGBT hardware reports internal over temperature
Vrms_min < 60% Vnominal
Vimbalance > 2%
Frequency variation > 20%/s
Vdc > 105% Vdc_max_allowed for each capacitor stack
the DC capacitors could not be preloaded in an acceptable time.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 61
Page 62
Control board temperature too high Internal control board temperature probe reports too
high temperature PQFS internal power supply fault Internal control voltage too low or not present PQFS control board fault Internal control board reports an error PQFS unit down (i.e. not operational
due to error)
Any of the units in a multi-unit arrangement is not
running although the start-command has been given.
Remark: the alarm trigger levels cannot be changed by the user. For cabling the digita l output contacts as alarm conta ct, the same approach as shown in
Figure 53 and can be adopted. Note however that the following behavior will result:
• The voltage applied to the external monitoring device will be low when: o The filter is disconnected from the supply or when there is no error
• The voltage applied to the external monitoring device will be high when: o The predefined error is present for the predefined time (minimum 180s)
AND
o The external 24 Vdc power supply is in working order
The different electr ical characteristics of the digital output co ntac ts c ompared to the alarm contact characteristics must be respected. Note also that all digital outputs have the same common which is loc ated at the pins 1 a nd 2 of the r ight hand term inal of the PQF ­Manager (rear view, counting from top to bottom ). This is clearly indicated in Figure 48 above.
A second use of the digital outputs is to monitor the status of individual master units in a multi-filter system. This can be done by assigning the function ‘Unit missing’ (‘Unit miss.) to a digital output. In that case the digital output of the master controlling the complete system will activate the digital output considered when one of the units in a filter system is not operational due to error.
In order to obtain full redundancy with filters consisting of more than one master unit, the digital outputs of all the units in a multi-master arrangement have to set up and cabled in the same way. The cabling scheme is given in Figure 54.
Once the cabling has been finished,
• The auxiliary fuse box may be closed
• The filter top cover may be replaced including the connection of the PQF-
Manager to the master unit
• The power to the filter may then be restored

6.12.3 Cabling of warning functionality

A warning condition is a c ondition tha t can be set up by the user in such a wa y that if the condition is m et, a digital output contact of the PQF-Manager user interfac e (Cf. Figure
48) is closed. As an example consider a case where the user has set up an upper
warning level for th e network voltage. I f the level m easured by the filter becomes higher than the predefined warni ng level and this condition rem ains valid for a preset time, the associated digital outp ut will be c losed. B y monitorin g the digit al output, t he custom er will then know when the network voltage becomes too high and subsequently he can take appropriate action.
62 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 63
Note that the warning functionality is not associated with a filter trip. It only has a monitoring function. Table 25 describes the behavior of the digital output contact configured as warning contact for different filter operating modes.
Table 25: State of a digital output contact configured as
warning contact for different filter operation modes
Filter state Normally open digital contact state
Disconnected from the supply Open Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the
supply, no warning present Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the
supply, predefined warning present
Filter (auxiliaries) connected to the supply, predefined warning disappears
Open
Closes when warning present for predefined time Otherwise, contact remains open
When closed before and warning disappears for at least the predefined time, contact opens.
When closed before and warning disappears for a time smaller than predefined time, contact remains closed.
Otherwise, contact remains open.
Table 26 gives a list of the warning conditions that can be assigned to a digital output.
Table 26: List of possible warning conditions that can be assigned to a digital output
Warning condition
Supply voltage (RMS) higher than preset value Supply voltage (RMS) lower than preset value Supply voltage imbalance higher than preset value Ground current level higher than preset value IGBT Temperature higher than preset value Control board temperature higher than preset value Remark: All warning levels can be changed by the user.
Any of the six digita l output s can be used to cable war ning functio nalit y. A maxim um of 3 warnings can be assigne d to the digi tal outp uts. Ho wever, b y defau lt the dig ital o utputs of the PQF-Manager have been set up for monitoring other functions than warnings (cf.
Table 10) Refer to Section7.7.1.2 for guidelines on ho w to set up warning co nditions and
how to associate them with digital output contacts. For cabling the digital out put contacts as warning c ontact, the same approac h as shown
in Figure 53 can be adopted. The elec trical characteristics of the digital ou tput contacts and the points to pay attention to are discussed in Section 6.12.2.
In order to obtain full redundanc y with filters cons isting of mor e than one master unit, the digital outputs of all the unit s in a m ulti-m ast er arrangem ent have to b e set up and c abled in the same way. The wiring diagram given in Figure 54 can be used to implement the monitoring of the warnings in multi-master units.

6.12.4 Cabling of the digital output contacts to monitor other filter operation modes than warnings and alarms

Table 9 gives an overvie w of the other functions that can be m onitored with the digital
outputs in addition to the alr ead y discuss ed war n ings and alar ms.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 63
Page 64
External switch for switching between main
and auxiliary filter settings
24 Vdc external supply
+
-
11
(a)
12
(a)
PQF-Manager
Digital input 2 (15-24Vdc)
Remark:
(a)
Left hand terminal block when looking from rear, counting from top to bottom
For cabling the digital out p ut cont acts to monitor other filter operat io n, the s ame approach as shown in Figure 53 can be adopted. T he electr ical c haracteristics of the di gital outp ut contacts and the points to pay attention to are discussed in Section 6.12.2.
In order to obtain full redundancy with filters consisting of more than one master unit, the digital outputs of all the units in a multi-master arrangement have to be set up and cabled in the same way. The wiring diagram given in Figure 54 can be used to implement the monitoring of these functions in multi-master units.

6.12.5 Cabling of main/auxiliary control functionality

The active filter features m ain and auxiliary control setup modes. This implies that two different compens ation characteristics can be defined, e.g. one for the day and one for the night or one for normal network operation and one for backup generator op eration. With the PQF-Manager a set up can be made to either use always the main or the auxiliary settings. In addition, the possibilit y exists to switch betwe en main and auxiliary settings ‘automatically’ according to a signal applied to a digital input of the PQF-Manager (Cf. Figure 48). Any digital input can be configured to act as the deciding factor for switching between the main and auxiliary settings. Moreover, both normal and inverse logic can be used to drive the digital inputs.
Note that in a multi-unit filter s ystem in which more than one mas ter system is present, the digital inputs of all masters have to be set up and cabled in the sam e way to obtain full redundancy.
The electrical requirements of the digital inputs are as discussed in Chapter 12.
Figure 55 gives an example of how to implement the main/auxiliary control switching
functionality on Digital Input 2. It is assumed that normal control logic is used.
Figure 55: Example of how to cable the 2nd digital input of the PQF-Manager for main/auxiliary
control switching functionalit y
When implementing the function described above, please note that according to the setup done with the PQF-Manager for the input considered, the filter may behave differently. Table 27 shows the filter behavior as a function of the PQF-Manager settings.
64 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 65
WARNING: If a function is assigned to a digital input, the same function must never be assigned to the other digital input. Otherwise the filter may behave erratically.
Table 27: Filter behavior as a function of the PQF-Manager settings for main/auxiliary switching
PQF-Manager setup for digital input
Activ. Main Auxiliary settings are used Main settings are used Activ. Aux. Main settings are used Auxiliary settings are used Remark: Vlow = 0 Vdc, Vhigh = 15-24 Vdc
Vlow applied to digital input
Vhigh applied to digital input
In order to obtain full redundancy with filters consisting of more than one master unit, the digital inputs of all the units in a multi-master arrangement have to be set up and cabled in the same way and the individual PQF-Managers have to be set up accordingly.
Once the cabling has been finished,
• The auxiliary fuse box may be closed
• The filter top cover may be replaced including the connection of the PQF-
Manager to the master unit
• The power to the filter may be restored
Refer to Section 7.7.1.2 for guidelines on how to set up th e dig ital inputs ac cord ing to the function required.

6.12.6 Implementation of local start/stop buttons

WARNING: If a function is assigned to a digital input, the same function must never be assigned to the other digital input. Otherwise the filter may behave erratically.
The PQFS active filter is equipped with a start/stop function integrated in the PQF­Manager user interfac e. If the cust omer des ires this ho wever, he c an add extra s tart/stop buttons (not provided) to th e filter system . The start and stop button has to be connected to the PQF-Manager’s digital inputs and the PQF-Manager has to be set up accordingly.
Note that in a multi-unit filter s ystem in which more than one master system is present, the digital i nputs of all masters hav e to be set up and cabled i n the same way to obtain full redundancy.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 65
Page 66
External stop push
button
24 Vdc external supply
+
-
7
(a)
8
(a)
9 10 11
(a)
12
(a)
PQF-Manager
Digital input 1 (15-24Vdc)
Digital input 2 (15-24Vdc)
Remark:
(a)
Left hand terminal block when looking from rear, counting from top to bottom
External start push button
Two connection approaches exist:
• The first approach is to use one digital input for the start function and the second digital input for the stop function. Table 28 shows the PQF-Manager setup for the input considered and the resulting effect when applying voltage to this input.
Table 28: Filter behavior as a function of the PQF-Manager settings for local start/stop
and using 2 digital inputs
PQF-Manager setup for digital input
Vlow applied to digital input
Vhigh applied to digital input
Edge ON No effect Filter starts on rising edge Edge OFF No effect Filter stops on rising edge Remark: Vlow = 0 Vdc, Vhigh = 15-24 Vdc
When using the Edge O N f unctio n the f ilter c an onl y be s witche d on b y app lying voltage to the digit al input considered. It is theref ore recom mended in th at case to configure and c able the second digital i nput as Edge OFF. Refer to Section
7.7.1.2 for guidelines on how to set up the digital inputs according to the function
required. The electrical requirem ents of the digital inputs are as discus sed in Section 4.5.
Figure 56 sho ws a cabling diagram for implementing a start function on the first
digital input and a stop function on the second digital input.
Figure 56: Cabling diagram for implementing start on digital input 1 and stop on digital input 2
• The second approach is to use one digital input for both the start function and the stop function. This leaves the other digital input available for the implementation of other functions.
Table 29 shows the PQF-Manager setup for the input considered and the
resulting effect when appl ying voltag e to this input.
66 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 67
External start/stop push button
24 Vdc external supply
+
-
7
(a)
8
(a)
9 10 11
(a)
12
(a)
PQF-Manager
Digital input 1 (15
-24Vdc)
Remark:
(a)
Left hand terminal block when looking from rear, counting from top to bottom
Table 29: Filter behavior as a function of the PQF-Manager settings for local start/stop and using
1 digital input
PQF-Manager setup for digital input
Vlow applied to digital input
Vhigh applied to digital input
Edge ON/OFF No effect Filter starts on first rising edge, stops on
second rising edge, etc
Remark: Vlow = 0 Vdc, Vhigh = 15-24 Vdc
Refer to Section 7.7.1.2 for guidelines on how to set up the digital inputs according to the function required.
The electrical requirem ents of the digital inputs are as discus sed in Section 4.5.
Figure 57 sho ws a cabling diagr am for im plementing a s tart function an d a stop
function on the first digital input.
Figure 57: Cabling diagram for implementing start and stop on digital input 1
Once the cabling has been finished,
• The auxiliary fuse box may be closed
• The filter top cover may be replaced including the connection of the PQF-
Manager to the master unit
• The power to the filter may be restored
Remarks:
• The implementation of local start/stop buttons does not inhibit the usage of the start/stop function on the PQF-Manager.
• When remote control functionality is implemented (cf. Section 6.12.1) at the same time as local start/stop buttons, the remote control has priority over the local start/stop buttons. When the local start/stop command has to be given, deactivate first the remote control functionality by navigating with the PQF­Manager to the digital input setup menu and setting the digital input associated with the remote control to ‘Disabled’.
• Note that in a multi-unit filter system in which more than one master system is present, the digital inputs of all masters have to be set up and cabled in the same way to obtain full redundancy.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 67
Page 68
RS-232 connection to PQF Manager
Cable (length = 220 cm)
RS-232 connection to PC to the printer.

6.13 Electrical connections of filter option s and accessories

Filter options must be ordered in advance and are cabled in the factory. For these options, refer to the wiring diagram provided with your filter to identify the electrical connections if desir ed. For some acc essories ho wever , the custom er m ay have to do the cabling on site. These accessories include:
• The connection of the RS-232 cable used for PQF-Link software communication (optional)
• The connection of the Modbus adapter
The connections of the aforementioned accessories are discussed next.
WARNING: Before cabling any of the circuits discussed below, switch off the power supply to the filter. When the filter has already been installed on site, this must be done by opening the protection system located just upstream of the filter and opening the auxiliary fuse box present in the filter. Wait at least 25 minutes to allow for the DC capacitors to discharge when the filter has been connected to the network before. Failure to do so may resul t in lethal injury or death.

6.13.1 Connection of the RS-232 cable used for PQF-Link software communication

When the PQF-Link software is ordered, it comes with a serial c ommunication cable th at is used to connect the PC’s serial port to the filter (Figure 58)
Figure 58: RS-232 serial communicat ion ca ble for PC-filter interconnection
On the filter side the cable has to be connected to the rear side of the PQF-Manager of the ‘main’ master unit, i.e. t he m aster unit that contro ls the complete system. This is done by inserting the pl ug firmly in the dedicate d socket. Figure 59 shows the locat ion at the rear of the PQF-Manager wher e the plug has to be inserted. In order to acc ess the rear side of the PQF-Manager, the filter panel cover has to be removed.
68 Electrical design and installation Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
If the connection is onl y a tempor ary one (e.g. duri ng commissioning) no special cable pass through hole has to be made in the c able pass thr ough cover present a t the bottom right side of the filter panel. The top cover can simply be restored without fixing the screws.
If the connection is a perm anent one a cable pass through hole of s uff icient diam eter h as to be made in the cable pass through c over present at th e bottom right side of the filter panel and the cable has to be guided through. Note however that in this case the
Page 69
communication m ay be lost if the ‘main ’ master unit goes in error and transf ers the main master rights to another master unit in this system. If full redundancy in communication is required, a communication cable has to be connected to each master unit in a filter system.
Figure 59: Location at rear of PQF-Manager where the serial communication cable
has to be inserted
The other end of the cable has to be connected to the PC’s serial port. More information on the P QF -Link software can be found in the ‘PQF -Link installation and
user’s guide’. Note: The PQF Link s oftware gives access to a ll the parameters of the unit to which the
cable is connected, as w ell as to gen eral ne twork data (e.g. line vo ltage data, line curr ent data etc.)

6.13.2 Connection of the Modbus adapter

For the connection setup of the Modbus adapter, please refer to the document “2GCS212012A0050-RS-485 Installation and Start-up guide”.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS Electrical design and installation 69
Page 70
1
3
2
4

7 The PQF-Manager user interface

7.1 What this chapter contains

This chapter presents the features and operating instr uctions for the PQF -Manager user interface (Figure 60) Use the cont ents of this chapter as background inform ation for the next chapters, which explain how to commission, operate and troubleshoot the active filter and how to set up the Modbus communication interface.
Some of the functions discussed in this Chapter require cabling of external I/O to the connection terminals at t he r ear of t he PQF -Manager. Refer to Section 6.12 for guideli nes on how to do this.
Figure 60: Front view of the PQF-Manager user interface
The item description is given in Table 30.
Table 30: Front side of the PQF-Manager
Item Description
1 Keypad
By navigating through the menus with the arrows and the
up and controlled (start/stop). On-line help is available by pressing the Help button. 2 Menu display 3 Digital output contact monitor
When the PQF-Manager close s one of its output relay s, the c or resp ond ing sy mbo l light s
up. The digital outputs of the PQF-Manager are discussed later in this section. 4 Alarm contact indicator

7.2 PQF-Manager overview and navigation

All user inter-action with the filter is channeled throug h the PQF-Manag er. It provides f or the following main functions (Cf. Figure 60):
button, the filter can be set-
• Filter starting, filter stopping and acknowledgement of faults: The PQF-Manager is the default device to be used to start and stop the filter
system. Further it is used to acknowledge and reset faults reported by the system.
70 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 71
Refer to Section 7.5 or detailed information on how to start, s top and reset the filter.
• Measuring, analyzing, logging and printing of characteristic parameters: The parameters that c an be monitored include net work voltages, line and filter
currents, network power, network power factor and system temperatures. Refer to the Section 7.6 for detailed information on the m onitor ing of variabl es .
• Setting up the filter: Setting up the filter consist s of various aspects such as def ining the customer’s
requirements for harm onic filtratio n and reacti ve power but also the conf iguration of the external I/O and commissioning the filter at the moment of first use.
Refer to Section 7.7 for detailed information on setting up the filter.
• Monitoring the filter load, event logging and status of individual units: The filter load can be monitored to get an idea of its operating point com pared to
its nominal rating. In addition, logged warnings and faults can be retrieved for troubleshooting the filter operation and any abnormal network conditions.
For multi-unit filters, the status of each individual unit can be retrieved and individual units can be reset when in error.
Refer to Section 7.8 for detai led information on the monitoring of the filter load and the analysis of warning and error conditions.
• Providing filter identification information: Filter type information is provided including serial number and firmware versions. Refer to Section 7.9 for detailed information on obtaining filter identification
information.
All main functions of the PQF-Manager can be accessed through the main ‘Welcome’ screen. In filter systems consisting of multiple masters, the PQF­Manager on the master controlling the system has full functionality whereas the PQF-Managers on the other masters have limited functionality.
Figure 61 outlines the principle menus that are accessible through the ‘Welcome’ screen.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 71
Page 72
Welcome
Measurements
Settings
PQF monitoring
About PQF
Main settings
Manuf. set.
Filter load
Overview
Vrms
System values
Min-Max logging
Voltages
Line currents
Filter currents
Power
Temperatures
Voltages
Line currents
Power
Frequency
Temperatures
Customer set.
Auxiliary set.
Activate
Commissioning
Event logging
Active warn.
Number of errors
Trip. module
Trip. phase
Manag. soft
uC soft
DSP soft
PQF operation
PQF
START
STOP
ACK. FAULT
Alarms
Warnings
Digital Inputs
Digital Outputs
Temp unit
PQF
Network charact.
Filter charact.
Auto CT detect.
Man. CT settings
Derating
User
Network charact.
Installation set.
Filter charact.
CT Installation
Rating
Start-Stop set.
Clock
Communication
Install. Lock
Change Password
PQF type
V maximum
Serial number
Fan operation
V1
THDV
f
I1
THDI
PQF Irms
P
Q
S
cos
ϕ
PF
T IGBT
T Control
V dc bus
Irms
Contrast
Select unit
Total filter cur.
Select unit
Status of units
Select unit
Select unit
72 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Figure 61: Principle menus of the PQF-Manager
Page 73
(a)
In addition to the main functions, the PQF-Manager also incorporates:
• A digital output contact monitor located at the top of the screen (Cf. Figure 60
item 3). When the PQF-Manager closes one of its six digital output relays (Cf.
Chapter 6) the corresponding symbol lights up. When the relay considered opens
again, the symbol disappears.
• An indicator sho wing when the PQ F -Manager’s alarm contact has been activated
(Cf. Figure 60, item 4). For the conditions under which the alarm contact is switched on, refer to Table 26 When the alarm condition has disappeared, the indicator switches off.
In order to naviga te through the menus of the PQF-Manager , the keypad (Cf. Figure 60 item 1) has to be used. The starting point for the navigation after a power up is the ‘Welcome’ screen. The item selected is highlighted (e.g. the ‘Measurements’ menu in
Figure 60). The keypad and its basic functions are shown in Figure 62.
Figure 62: Keypad of the PQF-Manager
Refer to Table 31 for an explanation on the basic functions of the keypad buttons.
Table 31: PQF-Manager keypad button explanatio n
Item Description
1 Help key
Provides on-line help on the highlighted item
2
Escape key To go back to the previous window or to leave the current menu or item selection without
making changes
3
Up and down arrows To go up or down the item list or to go left (
or decrease a value
4
OK key To go to the next submenu or to validate a modification or an operation
Remark:
(a)
On some items, help is not available. In that case pressing the Help key will have no
effect.
(b)
Depending on the menu, this key has a different meaning.
(c)
Depending on the menu, these keys have a different meaning.
(b)
(b)
(c)
) or right ( ) in the item list or to increase
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 73
Page 74
Please note that:
• Walking through a list of items happens in a circular manner. When arriving at the
last item in a menu and pressing
, the first item of the menu is highlighted.
Similarly, when arriving at the first item in a menu and pressing the last item of the menu is highlighted.
• Sometimes the complete item list in a menu cannot be shown on the display.
This is indicated by a small • and/or • symbol that appear(s) at the bottom right and/or the top right corner(s) of the display (Cf. Figure 63)
Figure 63: Illustration of • and • symbols on the PQF-Manager display
key, the
When any of these s ymbols is visible, the us er can sc roll do wn/up be yond the lim it of t he screen. The item list will be adjusted accordingly.
• When a ‘right arrow’ symbol is visible next to a menu item, a submenu or sub-
item will be opened when pressing the
key after highlighting this item. As an
example consider the item ‘Main PFC/Bal.’ in Figure 64.
• The ‘Select Unit’-function is accessible at different places in the menu structure
and allows selecting the measurements and data as reported by different units in a multi-unit filter system.
• When a menu item consists of two fields separated by a space, three possibilities
exist:
1. The first field conta ins a param eter and the second field contai ns a parameter value, which can be changed by the user. As an example consider the item ‘Filter
mode’ in Figure 64. When this item is highlighted and
is pressed, the parameter value can be ch anged. Va lidation of the val ue is done by press ing Leaving the selected item without modification is done by pressing
.
2. The first field conta ins a param eter and the second field contai ns a parameter value, which cannot be c ha nged by the user. As an example cons ider any item of
Figure 63. Pressing
will not have any effect. Pressing will bring up the
previous menu.
.
3. Same case as 2 ab ov e b ut when pr es sin g starts to blink. By using the ar row k e ys, the p os ition of the selected item in the list
can then be changed. Press The only PQF-Manager m enu in which it is poss ible to change the posit ion of the parameters displayed is the ‘Measurements-overview’ menu.
• Pressing
successively from any menu will bring up the main ‘Welcome’
screen.
74 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
on a selected l in e t he who le li n e
when the item is placed at the des ired position.
Page 75
Figure 64: Illustration of different menu item types
The next sections discuss the five main submenus of the ‘Welcome’ screen. Remark: This manual uses a directory structure convention to indicate a submenu. The main ‘Welcome’ screen is referenced as [/Welcome]. Example: [/Welcome/Measuremen ts/System v alues] indicates that t he ‘System values’
menu can be accessed by:
• Press
successively until the ‘Welcome’ screen is reached
• Highlighting the ‘Measurements’ menu in the main ‘Welcome’ screen using the arrows
• Pressing the
key after which the ‘Measurements’ menu opens
• Highlighting the ‘System values’ menu using the arrows
• Pressing the
key will open the menu

7.3 The PQF-Manager behavior during filter initialization

After a system reset, the f ilter is initialized. This includes the PQF-Ma nager. Depending on the type of reset, the i nitiali zation proces s of the PQF -Manag er m ay consis t of the f irst or the first and the second step discussed below.
• Step 1: The PQF-Manager waits for the communication chan nel to be initi ali zed. This process can be observed when looking closely at the PQF-Manager. During this period the following message will appear on the display (Figure 65):
Figure 65: PQF-Manager display during communi cat ion init ialization
• Step 2: Once the communication channel has been initialized, the user interface is set up. During this process the PQF-Manager retrieves the data structure to be displayed from the PQF main controller. When the PQF-Manager is setting up the user interface, the following message is displayed (Figure 66):
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 75
Page 76
Figure 66: PQF-Manager display when the user interface is set up
Table 32 gives an overview of the initialization steps for common reset conditions.
Table 32: Overview of common reset conditions and
corresponding PQF-Manager initialization steps
Reset condition after… PQF-Manager in itial i zation s teps
Applying power to the filter Step 1 and Step 2 Setting up commissioning parameters Step 1 Acknowledging fault successfu lly Step 1

7.4 The PQF-Manager locking facilities

In order to prevent unauthorized peopl e to modify an y of the active fi lter settings, switc h on the hardware lock (Figure 17 item 4).
The hardware lock is switched on by pushing the blu e button located at the bott om rear side of the PQF-Manager with a pointed object (e.g. pencil). When the lock is set:
will appear in the upper left-hand corner of the graphics display
•
•
will appear next to the menus that are locked. No modification can be made
to the settings
• Most setting values can be consulted
Once the PQF-Manager is locked, it can be unlocked by pushing the blue button again. In order to prevent unauthorized people to modify the core installation settings of the
active filter but still giv ing them access to t ypical user settings (e.g. harmonics selection, programming digital outputs, …), switch on the software lock.
The software lock is switch ed on in the menu [/Welcom e/Settings/Installation set./Install. Lock].
In order to unlock the system go to the same menu. After giving the appropriate password, the system will be unlock ed. T he password is a f our-digit num ber, whic h is set
by default to 1234. Entering the password is don e by choosing the right va lu e with the and
keys and then validating with . The password can be changed in the menu
[/Welcome/Settings/Installation set/Change Password]. Entering the new password is done by choosing the desired value with the
and keys and then validating with .
If hardware and software lock are combined, the hardware lock has priority over the software lock.
Note: In active f ilter systems consisting of m ore than one master, the PQF-Manager of the master that has the control over the system has full functionality and the PQF­Managers of the other m aster units have limited functionality. In practic e, the functions
76 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 77
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
(a) (b)
that are not enabled on these units are also lock ed and a symbol will ap pear next to them.

7.5 The PQF start, stop and fault acknowledgement menu

WARNING: The active filter should only be started when it has been installed and commissioned according to the guidelines of this manual. Failure to adhere to this guideline may damage the filter and void warranty.
Refer to Chapter 8 for more information on commissioning the filter. ‘The PQF start, stop and fault ac knowledgement’ menu is a one-line m enu that can be
accessed:
• In the main ‘Welcome’ screen [/Welcome/PQF]
• In the ‘Commissioning’ screen [/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning/PQF]. For
more information on the ‘Commissioning’ screen refer to the Section 7.7.
‘The start, stop and fault acknowledgement’ menu is the default menu for starting, stopping and resetting the filter.
As can be seen in Table 33, the ‘start, stop and fault acknowledgement’ menu has another function depending on the filter status.
Table 33: ‘Start, stop and fault acknowledgement’ menu functionality according to the filter status
Filter status Menu display
Filter stopped, no critical error present (i.e. ‘normal’ stop condition)
Filter running, no critical error prese nt (i.e. ‘normal’ running condition)
Filter stopped on critical fault ACK. FAULT Acknowledging the fault Filter controlled by remote control PQF START or
Remark:
(a)
After pushing , there is always a validation phase.
(b)
In multi-master filter units, this function is available on the unit that has the control over the
system.
PQF START Starting the filter
PQF STOP Stopping the filter
PQF STOP or ACK. FAULT
Pushing
No action on filter behavior Display shows message that
filter is controlled by digital input
results in…
In a multi-unit system, the PQF-start, stop and fault acknowledgement menu will only switch to the ACK. FAULT message when the complete filter system is shut down.
If one of the units of a multi-unit system is shut down due to a fault, this fault can be acknowledged and reset in the PQF-Monitoring menu [/W elcome/PQF Monitoring/St atus of Units]). Note that i n the res et process the whole s ystem will be shut do wn. If the fault of the unit cannot be reset, the ACK. FAULT message will be d ispla yed again for the un it considered. The filter s ystem can be r estarted at an y tim e and the un its th at are ava ilable will operate normally.
Acknowledging of a f ault which resulted in a complete filter system s hut down has two possible consequences:
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 77
Page 78
• If the fault is permanent (e.g. permanent network under voltage due to phase loss), it cannot be cleared and the message ‘ACK. FAULT’ will remain on the display. In this case the cause of the problem has to be identified and removed before the filter can be restarted.
• If the fault is not present anymore when the ‘ACK. FAULT’ command is given, the menu will change into ‘PQF START’ to indicate that the filter can be restarted.
Fault analysis can be done by consulting the ‘PQF Monitoring’ menu [/Welcome/PQF Monitoring]. For more information on the ‘PQF monitoring’ menu, refer to Section 7.8.
If the filter is set up for remote control operation, the local start/stop command has no effect. Disable the digital inputs to override the remote control [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Digital inputs].

7.6 The ‘Measurements’ menu

The ‘Measurements’ menu can be accessed in the main ‘Welcome’ screen [/Welcome/Measurements].
This menu allows monitor ing a variet y of variab les (e.g . voltag e, curr ent …) in a v ariet y of formats (e.g. RMS-val ues , s pectr a, time domain waveforms ) . Its subm enus ar e dis c us sed next.
In multi-unit filters , several param eters are measured by the individual un its. In order to consult measurements from a specific unit, select the unit with the ‘Select Unit’ option (where available). T he or d er of the unit is determined by the DIP switch u nit id ent if icatio n setting at the moment of commissioning.

7.6.1 The ‘Overview’ menu [/Welcome/Measurements/Overview]

The Overview menu summarizes the following characteristic parameters (Table 34). These parameters are expressed as numerical values in a list.
Table 34: Summary of parameters displayed in the ‘Overview’ menu
Parameter name Unit Description
Vrms V 4-wire mode: RMS value of all the line-to-neutral voltages
3-wire mode: RMS value of all the line-to-line voltages
V1 V 4-wire mode: RMS value of the fundamental component of all
the line-to-neutral voltages 3-wire mode: RMS value of the fundamental component of all
the line-to-line voltages
THDV % 4-wire mode: Total harmonic distortion of all the line-to-neutral
voltages 3-wire mode: Total harmonic distortion of all the line-to-line
voltages F Hz Network frequency Irms A 4-wire mode: RMS value of all the line currents and the neutral
current
3-wire mode: RMS value of all the line currents I1 A RMS value of the fundamental component of all the line
currents THDI % Total harmonic distortion of all the line currents. PQF Irms A RMS value of all the filter currents P W,
78 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Active power in the network at the location of the CTs
Page 79
Q
S
cos ϕ
PF
T IGBT
kW, MW
var, kvar
Mvar VA,
kVA, MVA
-
-
°C/°F
P > 0: Load absorbing active power
P < 0: Load generating active power
Reactive power in the network at the location of the CTs
Q > 0: Inductive reactive power
Q < 0: Capacitive reactive power
Apparent power in the network at the location of the CTs
Displacement power factor: calculation based on the
fundamental values of the measurements.
: System has inductive behavior
: System has capacitive behavior cos ϕ > 0: load absorbing active power cos ϕ < 0: load generating active power
Power factor: calculation based on the fundamental and the harmonic values of the measurements. Measurement only valid for quasi-balanced loads.
IGBT module temperature (hottest module)
T Control V dc bus V Active filter DC capacitor voltage
°C/°F
Main control board temperature
On the display, the parameters are organized in such a way that a maximum of information is obtained without having to scroll down. The user may customize the display to his particular needs. To do this, follow the steps given below:
• Select the measured parameter that has to be moved
• Press
• Press
. The selected parameter starts flashing
or to move the selected parameter up or down the list
• Once the selected parameter is located at the desired position in the list, press
Remark: During the displa y customization process , the
key cannot be used to revert
back to the original situation.

7.6.2 The ‘System values’ menu [/Welcome/Measurements/System values]

The ‘System values’ menu (Figure 61) gives detailed information on the following parameters:
• The voltages: (Refer to Table 34 for an explanation of the symbols).
o Vrms, V1 and THDV in table format o The network voltage waveforms for all phases (Figure 67)
All waveforms are synchronized with the rising edge zero crossing of the voltage V (L1-N) (4-W mode) or V (L1-L2) (3-W mode)
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 79
Page 80
Go left or right
in the chart using
the buttons
Go up or down
in the table using
the buttons
Figure 67: Time domain waveform of line voltage displayed by the P QF-Manager
(4-W mode example)
o The network voltage spectrum for all phases in chart format (Figure 68)
The spectral components up to the 50
th
order are expressed as a % of the fundamental component with absolute values also shown in the top right corner.
Figure 68: Spectrum of the network voltage in chart format displayed by the PQF-Manager
(4-W mode example)
o The network voltage spectrum for all phases in table format (Figure 69)
Both the absolute values and the % of the fundamental component values are shown for each spectral component up to the 50
Figure 69: Spectrum of the network voltage in table format displayed by the PQF-Manager
(4-W mode example)
o The network frequency
th
order.
80 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
o The network imbalance o The active filter DC bus voltage
• The line currents: (refer to Table 34 for an explanation of the symbols)
o Irms, I1 and THDI in table format o The line current waveforms for all phases (3-W mode) and the neutral
current waveform (4-W mode). The graph layout is similar to the one of
Page 81
the voltages (Figure 67) All waveforms are synchronized with the rising edge zero crossing of the voltage V (L1-N) (4-W mode) or V (L1-L2) (3­W mode).
o The line current spectrum for all phases (3-W mode) and the neutral
current spectrum (4-W mode) in chart format. The chart layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 68).
o The line current spectrum for all phases (3-W mode) and the neutral
current spectrum (4-W mode) in table format. The table layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 69).
• The filter currents: (Refer to Table 34 for an explanation of the symbols) o PQF Irms in table format for the unit selected with the ‘Select Unit’
option
o The filter current waveforms for all phases for the unit selected with the
‘Select unit’ option. The graph layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 67). All waveforms are synchronized with the rising edge zero crossing of the voltage V (L1-N) (4-W mode) or V (L1-L2) (3-W mode).
o The filter current spectrum for all phases (3-W mode) and the neutral
current spectrum (4-W mode) in chart format for the unit selected with the ‘Select unit’ option. The chart layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 68) but the values are expressed in absolute terms.
o The filter current spectrum for all phases (3-W mode) and the neutral
current spectrum (4-W mode) in table format for the unit selected with the ‘Select unit’ option. The table layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 69) but only absolute current values are shown.
• The total filter currents: (Refer to Table 34 for an explanation of the symbols)
o PQF Irms in table format for the complete filter system o The filter current waveforms for all phases for the complete filter system.
The graph layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 67) Al l waveforms are synchronized with the rising edge zero crossing of the voltage V (L1-N) (4-W mode) or V (L1-L2) (3-W mode).
o The filter current spectrum for all phases (3-W mode) and the neutral
current spectrum (4-W mode) in chart format for the complete filter system. The chart layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 68) but the values are expressed in absolute terms.
o The filter current spectrum for all phases (3-W mode) and the neutral
current spectrum (4-W mode) in table format for the complete filter system. The table layout is similar to the one of the voltages (Figure 69) but only absolute current values are shown.
Note: For a multi-unit filter system, the total filter current is an approximate value. More detailed values for the individual units can be obtained in the ‘Filter currents’-menu.
• The power in the system at the location of the CTs: (Refer to Table 34 for an
explanation of the symbols).
o Active power P o Reactive power Q
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 81
Page 82
o Apparent power S o Displacement power factor cos ϕ o Power factor PF
• Temperatures: (Refer to Table 34 for an explanation of the symbols)
Temperatures ma y be expressed in °C and in °F. For chang ing the temperature unit, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set. /Temp unit].
o Temperature of the hottest IGBT (‘T IGBT’) and the hottest phase (‘Hot
phase’) of the unit selected by the ‘Select un it’-option. For PQFS filters, the hottest phase function is not available and a default value ‘1’ is shown.
o Temperature of the hottest IGBT (T IGBT max) in a multi-unit system o Temperature of the control board (‘T Control’) of the unit selec ted b y the
‘Select unit’-option
o Temperature of the hottest control board (‘T control max’) in a multi-unit
system

7.6.3 The ‘Min-Max logging’ menu [/Welcome/Measurements/Min-Max logging]

The ‘Min-Max logging’ f unction allows for the user to log for each sign ificant meas ured item and since the last clearance:
• The maximum (or minimum) value
• The duration above (or below) the threshold
Once a threshold has been set the PQF-Manager starts recording the maximum (or minimum) value automatically as well as the total duration until a reset is performed.
Figure 70 illustrates this.
Figure 70: Illustration of the threshold and the maximum recorded value used in the Min/Max
logging function
The parameters that c an be used with the logging func tion are Vrms, THDV, Irms , P, Q, S, f, T IGBT max and Tcontrol m ax. Refer to Table 34 for an explanation of the symb ols. For the frequency, minimum values and duration below a threshold can also be recorded.
The recorded information may be cleared by selecting and validating the ‘Reset’ item. If the hardware lock is engaged, the logging function cannot be started nor reset (Cf.
Section 7.4) Figure 71 shows an example in which the network voltage between L1 and L2 is
monitored. The nominal network voltage is assumed to be 400 V. The threshold was initially set at 1000 V and is changed to 250 V.
82 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 83
Highlight value Change value
Logging starts

7.7 The ‘Settings’ menu

The ‘Settings’ menu [/Welcome/Settings] has three main levels:
• The customer level which allows the user to set up the typical user requirements
• The commissioning level which allows the commissioning engineer to set up
Figure 71: Example of the Min/Max logging function (4-W mode)
such as harmonic filtration settings, the reactive power settings, set up the digital inputs and outputs and define the programmable warnings and alarms. At this level, the user can also change the temperature unit used by the system. The customer level is accessed through [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set.]
the equipment according to the customer’s installation. Typical parameters that need to be entered are the network voltage and frequency, the CT parameters and a derating factor that needs to be applied when the installation is at great height above sea level or in conditions where excessive ambient temperatures are present. At the commissioning level the possibility also exists to set up the user’s requirements for harmonic filtration and reactive power compensation. The commissioning level is acces s ed through [/Welcome/Settings/Com missioning].
• The installation settings level allows for the commissioning engineer to set up
advanced system functions such as the filter auto restart and standby functions, the clock, the communication of Modbus and PQF-Link and the setting of a system lock with password.
For information purposes the installation settings level also shows the settings for the network voltage and frequency, the rating of the filter unit(s), the CT parameters and the derating factor that has been set-up at the commissioning level. The installation settings level is accessed through [/Welcome/Settings/Installation set.]
Note: In active f ilter systems consisting of m ore than one master, the PQF-Manager of the master that has the control over the system has full functionality and the PQF­Managers of the other m aster units have limited functionality. In practic e, the functions that are not enabled on t hese units are loc ked and a
s ymbol will appear nex t to them. These functions are set up in the ‘rea l’ mas ter and are autom atical ly further d ispat ched to the other units by the control system.
The three main levels of the ‘Settings’ menu are discussed in more detail in the next sections.

7.7.1 The ‘Customer settings’ menu [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set.]

The customer settings menu is intended to be used by people that are authorized to change the filter operation settings.
Refer to Section 7.4 for determining appropriate locking facilities for this menu.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 83
Page 84
7.7.1.1 Settings up harmonics, reactive power and fil ter mode
In multi-master units thes e f unc tions n eed to be set up onl y i n t he master with the lowest hardware ID setting.
• Setting up harmonics, reactive power and filter mode can be done in a main window [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Main settings] and in an auxiliary window [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Auxiliary settings]. By having two windows, the customer can set two sets of different settings, e.g. one set for mains operation and one set for generator operation, or one set for day settings and one set for night settings. Both main and auxiliary settings windows have the same setup possibilities, i.e.
o Definition of the filter mode o Selection of the harmonics with setting of curve levels o Selection of reactive power compensation with balancing functionality o Deselection of all harmonics
• The filter has to be informed about whether the main window settings or the auxiliary window settings must be used. This is done by the ‘Activate’ flag [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set/Activate]. Possible values for this flag are given in Table 35. By default the filter uses the main filter settings.
Table 35: Possible settings for the activate field
‘Activate’ field value Description
Main Main window settings are always used Auxiliary Auxiliary window settings are always used Ext. input The filter switches between the main and the auxiliary settings
according to a signal applied to the PQF-Manager’s digi tal in put
Remark:
(a)
Refer to Section 6.12.5 for cabling instructions for this feature. Refer to Section 7.7.1.2
configuring the digital input for this feature.
(a)
.
• Setting up the filter mode
For setting up the filter’s main filter mode go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Main settings/Filter mode].
For setting up the f ilter’s au xiliar y filter m ode go to [/W elcom e/Settings/C ustom er set./Auxiliary settings/Filter mode].
The filter can have three types of effect on the network:
o Filter the selected harmonics until their magnitudes are close to zero
(Maximum Filtering)
o Filter the selected harmonics until their magnitudes reach the residual
level permitted by the user (Filtering to Curve)
o Produce or absorb reactive power including load balancing
The user can put the emphasis on one of the above effects by selecting the filtering mode. Table 36 shows the three available modes:
84 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 85
Table 36: Available filter modes
Highest priority level Lowest priorit y level
Mode 1 Filtering to curve Maximum filtering Reactive compensation Mode 2 Filtering to curve R eactiv e co mpen sat ion Maximum filtering Mode 3 Filtering to curve Reactive compensation -
In Mode 1, the filter will first filter to the pre-programmed curve. Once the requirements are fulf illed, the remaining resources will be alloc ated to reducing the selected harmonics as close as pos s ib le t o zero. If further resources are t hen available, reactive po wer compensation a nd load balancing will be per formed as required.
In Mode 2, the second priority after filtering to the curve is reactive power compensation and load balancing. Maximum filtering comes in third place and will be done if both the c urve specification and th e reactive power requirem ents including balancing are fulfilled.
In Mode 3, the filter will first ensure that the harmonic curve specification is fulfilled. If then t here are sti ll resources available, t he filter will do reac tive power compensation and load balancing if requested by the user.
Figure 72 illustrates the principl e of filtering to curve for one part icular harmonic
order. The flexibilit y of the PQF cont rol is suc h that a specif ic curve leve l ma y be defined for each selected harmonic.
Figure 72: Filtering to curve for harmonic order n
The default filter mode is Mode 3.
• Selecting the harmonics with setting of curve levels
For setting up the filter’s main harmonics selection go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Main settings/Main harmonics]
For setting up the filter’s auxiliary harmonics selection go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Auxiliary settings/Aux. harmonics]
The harmonics that can be selected are presented in a table such as presented in Table 37.
When the PQFS is operating in 4-W mode, 15 harmonics can be selected. When the PQFS is operating in 3-W mode, 20 harmonics can be selected.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 85
Page 86
(a)
(b)
Table 37: Example of harmonic settings table displayed by PQF-Manager
Order Select
3 No 0 A 5 No 10 A 7 No 0 A 9 No 0 A Remarks:
(a)
The ‘Select’ column may have three values:
No: Harmonic not selected by user
Yes: Harmonic selected by user and being filtered S: Harmonic selected by user but put in ‘standby’ by the filter. Refer to Section 8.10 for more
information on the “harmonic standby” mode.
(b)
Curve settings for allowed current into the network are expressed in Amps
Curve
In order to select the harmonics and set up a curve level (if desired)
o Open the harmonic table. The first line will be highlighted. o Use
and to select the desired order and press to activate the
corresponding line. The item in the column ‘Select’ will be highlighted.
o If the harmonic order of the selected line has to be changed, press
go to the ‘Order’ field. Press
and use or to change the order.
The PQF-Manager will automatically propose the orders that are not yet in the list. If the desired order is displayed, press
. Then, press
which will highlight the item in the column ‘Select’.
o Press
harmonic. Press
o Use the o Press
Amps. Press
o Press
and then or to select (Yes) or deselect (No) the
to validate the choice made.
to switch to the ‘Curve’ level column.
and then the or to set up the desired curve level in
to validate the choice made.
to highlight the complete line after which the other harmonics
can be programmed using the same procedure.
o Once all the harmonics are programmed, the harmonic selection table
can be exit by pressing
.
• Deselect all harmonics
For deselecting all harmonics of the main window at once go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Main settings/Deselect all]
to
For deselecting all harmonics of the auxiliary window at once go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Auxiliary settings/Deselect all]
This function allows for the customer to quickly deselect all harmonics in the main or the auxiliar y window. This may be useful e.g. when t he commissioning engineer realizes that the CTs have been installed wrong and a n intervention is required to correct the problem.
• Selecting the reactive power compensation and balancing options
86 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 87
filter is connected in 4-W mode.
For setting up the filter’s main reactive power and balancing mode go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Main settings/Main PFC/Bal.]
For setting up the filter’s auxiliary reactive power and balancing mode go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Auxiliary settings/Aux. PFC/Bal.]
The active filter can p erform different reactive po wer tasks including balancing, each of which require th e appropriate s etup. Table 38 shows an overview of the possible tasks and shows ho w the filter set up should be done to implement this task. The parameter s (italic pr int) referr ed to in Table 38 can be acc essed in the ‘Main PFC/Bal.’ and ‘Aux. PFC/Bal.’ windows of the PQF-Manager.
Table 38: Reactive power tasks that the filter can perform
Reactive power task requirement Description and filter set-up to be made
No requirements
Power factor compensation with inductive power factor set point, no load balancing required
Power factor compensation with capacitive power factor set point, no load balancing required
Fixed capacitive power step with a rating of x kvar, no load balancing required
(a)
(a)
(a)
PFC type: Disabled Balance load: Disabled
The filter will not do any reactive power task, regardless of the values set for cos ϕ or static reactive power
PFC type: Dyn. Ind. Target cos ϕ: Desired power factor between 0.6
and 1.0
The filter will do power factor compensation up to the cos ϕ set point, regardless of the value set for static reactive power(b)
PFC type: Dyn. Cap. Target cos ϕ: Desired power factor between 0.6
and 1.0 The filter will do power factor compensation up
to the cos ϕ set point, regardless of the value set for static reactive power
PFC type: Static cap. Q static: x kvar
The filter will generate x kvar reactive capacitive power, regardless of the value set for the target cos ϕ
©
Fixed inductive power step with a rating of x kvar, no load balancing required
Remarks:
(a)
When load balancing is required, set the ‘Balance load’ flag to the desired mode. The
following modes are available depending on the way the filter is connected (3-W or 4­W)
- ‘Disabled’: No load balancing is done.
- ‘L-L’: Loads connected between phase only are balanced. Loads connected
between phases and neutral are not balanced.
- ‘L-N’: Loads connected between phase and neutral are balanced. Loads connected between phases are not balanced. This mode is only available when the filter is connected in 4-W mode.
- ‘L-L & L-N’: Both loads connected between phase and neutral as well as loads connected between phases are balanced. This mode is only available when the
(a)
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 87
PFC type: Static ind. Q static: x kvar
The filter will absorb x kvar reactive inductive power, regardless of the value set for the target cos ϕ
Page 88
Note: The modes ‘L-N’ and ‘L-L & L-N’ can be used to minimize the amount of fundamental frequency current flowing in the neutral.
(b)
If the measured cos ϕ is higher than the set point and is inductive (e.g. measured
0.97 inductive and set point 0.92 inductive, then the filter will not make any
correction. If the measured cos ϕ is capacitive, the filter will correct the power factor to 1.0
(c)
If the measured cos ϕ is higher than the set point and is capacitive (e.g. measured
0.97 capacitive and set point 0.92 capacitive, then the filter will not make any
correction. If the measured cos ϕ is inductive, the filter will correct the power factor to
1.0
7.7.1.2 Setting up alarms, warnings and digital i n p u ts and outputs (D I/O)
The PQF-Manager contain s 2 digital input s, 6 digit al outputs and 1 alarm c ontact (with tw o complementary outputs). These contacts can be used to provide data to the filter (e.g. remote control signa ls) and get data out of the filter (e.g. f ilter status information, alarm information etc). This section discusses the PQF-Manager setup for controlling all the digital I/O and creating warnings and alarms.
• Set up of the digital inputs of the PQF-Manager For setting up the digital inputs go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Digital
Inputs]
WARNING: If a function is assigned to a digital input, the same function must never be assigned to the other digital input. Otherwise the filter may behave erratically.
For full redundanc y with multi-mast er filters, these func tions need to be set up i n each master unit of the filter system and the functions should be cabled accordingly.
Table 8 gives an overview of the possible dig ital input s ettings and the res ulting
filter behavior. The settin gs given in this table can be applied to an y of the two digital inputs.
For more information on:
o The remote control functionality, refer to Section 6.12.1 o The main/auxiliary control functionality, refer to Section 6.12.5 o The implementation of local start/stop buttons, refer to Section 6.12.6
The default setting for the digital inputs is ‘Disabled’.
• Set up of the digital outputs of the PQF-Manager For setting up the d igital outputs go to [/W elcome/Settings/Custom er set./Digital
Outputs]
For full redundanc y with multi-mast er filters, these func tions need to be set up i n each master unit of the filter system and the functions should be cabled accordingly.
88 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 89
Table 9 gives an overview of the possible f ilter condi tions that ca n be associ ated
with any of the six dig ital outputs. W hen interpreti ng this table it should be not ed that:
o The ‘In standby’ function refers to a state of the filter in which it is
connected to the power supply (i.e. main contactor closed) but the IGBTs are not switching. As a result the filter will have virtually no losses. This mode can be activated when the load requirement is lower than a preset value (e.g. all loads switched off for a long time). For more information on the ‘In standby’ function, refer to Section 7.7.3.2
o The three programmable alarms and warnings have to be set up before
they can be used. This is explained in the next sections. If a programmable alarm has been disabled, the digital output associated with it will never be activated.
The default settings for the digital outputs are given in Table 10. In order to disable the digital outputs, choos e the opti on ‘Disa bl e d’.
For more information on cabling the digital outp ut contacts refer to the Sections
6.12.2 and 6.12.4.
In a master-master configuration, the digital inputs of all masters have to be cabled in case full redundancy is required.
• Set up of the programmable alarms trip points For setting up the programmable alarms go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer
set./Alarms/Prog. Alarms]
For full redundanc y with multi-mast er filters, these func tions need to be set up i n each master unit of the filter system and the functions should be cabled accordingly.
In addition to the alarm contact, which is triggered by any filter fault, three programmable alarms can be defined. They can be associated with a digital output (see preceding paragraph) . Table 39 sho ws the poss ible alar m c onditions that can be associated with each programmable alarm.
Table 39: Overview of possible programmable alarm settings that can be associated with each
digital output
Alarm condition Setting for programmable alarm
Supply voltage (RMS) unacceptably high Vrms_max Supply voltage (RMS) unacceptably low Vrms_min One of the phases of the supply is missing Phase loss Network imbalance unaccepta bly high Imbalance Frequency variation unacceptably high Fq change PQFS DC bus voltage unacceptably high for each
capacitor stack PQFS internal preload error Prel. Err. PQFS over current fault Overcur. PQFS IGBT fault IGBT fault PQFS over temperature fault IGBT temp. PQFS control board over temperature fault T ctrl max
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 89
Vdc_max
Page 90
PQFS control board supply fault PS fault PQFS control board fault Ctrl board Any fault (of the ones listed above) Any fault
If the alarm condition is met, the programmable alarm will be set and the associated digital o utput will be activated when t he alarm is present for a pr eset time.
The time during which t he alar m condition h as to b e pres ent has a m inim al value of 180 s and can be increased if desired. In order to increase the time during which the alarm has to be present before the digital output is triggered, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Alarms/Prog. Alarms/Alarm delay].
Note that the delay programmed here is also applied to the filter alarm contact. The digital output will be deactivated if the alar m has disappeared for a prese t
time, which is by default 1 s. In order to change the alarm reset delay, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Alarms/Prog. Alarms/Alarm rst. Del.].
When configuring the programmable alarm as ‘Any’ it will trigger the digital output if any of the fault conditions presented in Table 39 is met.
The programmable alarms can be deactivated by setting them to ‘Disabled’. Remarks: Difference between the alarm contact and the digital o utput used as
alarm contact: The alarm contact is triggered by any fault that makes the system trip. These
faults include the conditions mentioned in Table 39 but includes also all other internal filter faults that may occur. An exhaustive list of faults that may make the filter trip and thus trigger the alarm contact is given in Table 46 and Table 47. Use the digital outputs as alarm contact if the aim is to find the exact cause of the filter trip without having to analyze the event-logging window.
• Set up of the programmable warnings For setting up the programmable warnings go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer
set./Warnings/Prog. Warnings]
For full redunda ncy with multi-m aster filters, these f unctions need to be s et up in each master unit of the filter system and the functions should be cabled accordingly.
Three programmable warnings can be defined. Similar to the programmable alarms, they can be as s oc i ated wit h a d ig ita l o utp ut. Table 40 shows th e possible warning conditions that can be associated with each programmable warning.
Unlike alarms that cause a filter trip, warnings only activate the digital output contact.
Table 40: Overview of possible programmable warning settings that can be associated with each
digital output
Warning condition Setting for programmable warning
Supply voltage (RMS) higher than preset value Vrms max Supply voltage (RMS) lower than preset value Vrms min Supply voltage imbalance higher than preset value Imbalance PQFS IGBT Temperature higher than preset value IGBT temp. PQFS control board temperature higher than preset value T ctrl max
90 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 91
If the warning condition is met, the programmable warning will be set and the associated digital output will be activated when the warning is present for a preset time. This tim e has a minim al value of 1 s and can be increased if des ired. In order to increas e the time during which the warning has to be present bef ore the digital output is triggered, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Warnings/Prog. Warnings/Warning delay].
The digit al output wil l be deactivat ed if the warning has disappear ed for a pres et time, which is b y default 1 s. In order to change the warning reset delay, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Warnings/Prog. Warnings/Warn. Rst del.]
The warning levels can be changed by the user. In order to do this, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Warnings/Warning levels].
7.7.1.3 Setting up the unit for temperature measurements
For changing the default unit for the temperature measurements, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Customer set./Temp unit]
For full redundanc y with multi-master filters, these fu nctions need to be set up in each master unit of the filter system.
The temperature unit can either be °C or °F.

7.7.2 The ‘Commissioning’ menu [/Welcome /Settings/Commissioning]

WARNING: The commissioning menu is intended to be used by qualified commissioning engineers that are authorized to change the filter’s core installation settings and to set up the user’s requirements.
In multi-master units thes e functions nee d to be set up onl y in the master with the lowest hardware ID setting.
The complete commissioning procedure must be executed each time a filter is (re)­installed or when a unit is added to the existing filter. During the commissioning procedure, the user settings will be lost, so note them down prior to starting the commissioning procedur e.
Refer to Section 7.4 for determining appropriate locking facilities for this menu. For an overview of the main items of the commissioning window, refer to Figure 61.
These items are discussed next. For commissioning the active filter follow the commissioning procedure presented in
Chapter 8.
Remarks:
• The commissioning window incorporates the start, stop and fault
acknowledgement menu (Cf. Section 7.5)
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 91
Page 92
• For advanced filter setup (auto restart function, standby function, system clock
setup, external communication setup, system lock activation and password setup) refer to Section 7.7.3.
7.7.2.1 Setting up the network characteristics and the filter synchro mode
For modifying the network characteristics and the filter synchro mode, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning/Network charact.]
The network characteristics include:
• The nominal supply voltage: This value has to be set up according to the nominal
value of the grid voltage.
WARNING: The filter hardware is by default set for operation at voltages in the range 380-415V. When the filter is used in networks with voltages in the range 208­240V, its hardware configuration needs to be changed. Refer to Section Section 6.7 For guidelines on how this needs to be done. Failure to adapt the filter hardware to the right network voltage range may result in hardware failure.
• The nominal value of the network frequency: This value has to be set up
according to the nominal value of the network frequency.
WARNING: If the filter nominal frequency is changed to the wrong value, the filter will refuse to start indicating a frequency error in the event logging window.
• The active filter synchronisation mode (Synchro Mode): By default single phase
synchronisation is used (Single ph.). In exceptional circumstances this may not be adequate. In that case choose three phase synchronisation (Three ph.).
WARNING: This parameter shall onl y be changed by experienced commi ssioning engineers or after advice from the ABB service provider. Using the wrong synchro mode will lead to filter malfunctioning.
92 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 93
Remarks:
• After going through the network characteristics menu, the filter system will be
automatically reset after which the new values will be taken into account.
• The filter needs to be stopped before the network characteristics menu can be
accessed. Attempting to access the menu while the filter is running will result in a fault message being displayed.
• Pressing
in the network characteristics setup menu will result into jumping to
the next step in the menu without the values entered being taken into account. When involuntarily entering the menu, walk through the menu by pressing
or
repeatedly. This way the menu can be quit without modifying any values.
7.7.2.2 Setting up the filter characteristics
For modifying the filter cha racteristics (3-wire or 4-wire connec tion mode) and number of units/unit ratings, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning/Filter charact.]
The filter may be connected in 3-wire mode (only phases connected) or in 4-wire mode (both phases and the neutral connected). Also the filter may consist of up to 4 parallel hardware units of the same rating. The filter connection m ode m us t be adapte d in s of tware to the on-site configuration. In addition, when the filter configuration is changed on site (e.g. going from one connection mode to another), the filter setup has to be adapted accordingly.
WARNING: Setting up a wrong filter configuration may lead to filter malfunction. This should only be done by experience d commissioning engineers.
When entering the ‘Filter characteristics’ window, first the connection mode has to be defined:
• 3-W: choose this mode when only the phases are connected. In this case, the
filter can filter harmonics that are flowing between phases and make phase to phase balancing but cannot filter harmonics in the neutral nor make line to neutral balancing.
• 4-W: choose this mode when both the phases and the neutral are connected. In
this case, the filter can filter harmonics between phases as well as harmonics in the neutral, and can perform balancing of loads connected between phases as well as connected phase to neutral.
Further note that:
WARNING: All hardware units in a m aster-slave filter arrangement mu st have the same rating. Combining hardware units of different ratings in the same filter panel will lead to hardware failure and/or inability for the filter to start up .
Remarks:
• The filter needs to be stopped before the unit ratings menu can be accessed.
Attempting to access the menu while the filter is running will result in a fault message being displayed.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 93
Page 94
• Pressing in the unit ratings setup menu will result into jumping to the next step
in the menu without the values entered being taken into account. When involuntarily entering the menu, walk through the menu by pressing
or
repeatedly. This way the menu can be quit without modifying any values.
7.7.2.3 Setting up the current transformer ratios and pos ition
The current transform ers connected to the filter (units) have to be entered into the filter system.
• For single master units, this has to be done only for that master
• For filter systems consisting of more than one u nit , thi s has to be do ne for all the
units of the system
Two methods can be used to do this.
• Using the automatic CT detection feature
• Entering the CT ratios and positions manually
These approaches are discussed next.
• Detection of the CT positions and ratio’s using the automatic CT detection
feature:
For detecting the CT-settings automatically, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning/Auto CT detection]
WARNING: When launching the automatic CT detection procedure, the filter will connect to the network automatically. This may take several minutes in the case of large multi-unit filters. During this operation (high) operating voltages will be present in the filter unit. For personal safety reasons, close the filter cover before launching the CT detection procedure. Also ensure that the filter CT terminals (X21) are not shorted.
When engaging the automat ic CT detection procedure the filter will execute the following steps:
o Deselect harmonics and reactive power/balancing settings previously
entered by the customer
o Display a warning message to wait for the identification procedure to
end
o Check the voltage level of the DC capacitors, close the main contactor
and start the IGBTs
o Inject a small current into the supply o Record the current measured by the CTs and calculate the filter CT
ratios and positions
o Display a message indicating whether the CT identification ended
successfully or not
94 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 95
(a)
(b)
NOTE: The automatic CT detection is repeated automatically for all the units present in a multi-unit filter system.
After the CT detection procedure has finished, the user has to reprogram the filter settings that were automatically deselected.
If the CT identification ended successfully, the filter carries on by:
o Showing the CT positions found. This is done in a table format as given
in Table 41.
Table 41: Automatic CT detection position-results presentation
Filter connection CT terminal
Input 1 Line 1 Input 2 Line 2 Input 3 Line 3 Remarks:
(a)
This column refers to the filter terminal X21 located in the filter cubicle. Input 1: filter input X21/1-2 (L1, R, U) Input 2: filter input X21/3-4 (L2, S, V) Input 3: filter input X21/5-6 (L3, T, W)
(b)
This column refers to the physical location of the CT connected to the input shown in the first column.
Line 1: CT connected in phase 1 (L1, R, U) with correct orientation
-Line1: CT connected in phase 1 (L1, R, U) with inversed orientation Line 2: CT connected in phase 2 (L2, S, V) with correct orientation
-Line 2: CT connected in phase 2 (L2, S, V) with inversed orientation Line 3: CT connected in phase 3 (L3, T, W) with correct orientation
-Line 3: CT connected in phase 3 (L3, T, W) with inversed orientation
Physical CT location and orientation
When all CTs have been correctly installed, the PQF Manager sho uld display the results as in Table 41. If the CTs have been connected wrongly, the corresponding line will read e.g.
Input 1 -Line 3
…
In the example above, the CT connected physicall y in phase 3 (L3, T, W) has been routed to the f ilter terminal for phase 1 (L1, R, U) . Further the CT orientation or the cabling has been inversed (k terminal of CT connected to l terminal of filter and vice versa).
o After showing the CT positions found, the customer is asked to either
acknowledge the results found (by pressing them by pressing any other key. If any other key than
) or either not to accept
is pressed, the automatic CT detection program will be quit. The CT parameters existing before the automatic CT detection program was started will be restored.
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 95
Page 96
(a)
(a)
(a)
If the CTs have been wrongly connected and the results are acknowledged by the commissioning engineer, the filter controller will automatically take into account the wrong positions and correct them internally. Hence, there is no need to correct the CT connections manually. However, in line with proper installation guidelines, it may be recommended to correct physically the CT installation. In that case, the CT setup of the filter has to be adapted accordingly.
o When the CT positions have been acknowledged the filter will carry on
by showing the CT ratio found phase per phase. The values shown are indicative only and always have to be verified by the commissioning
engineer. He can change the values with the order to approve the value entered
has to be pressed. Table 42
and if desired. In
explains the meaning of the text that appears on the display:
Table 42: Automatic CT detection ratio-results presentation
Text on PQF Manager display Meaning
Ratio found Ratio found for the CT in the considered phase
E.g. 200 means a CT of 1000/5
CT Ratio L1
CT Ratio L2
CT Ratio L3
Remark:
(a)
The first phase has to be acknowledged before the second phase is displayed…
Ratio that will be used by the filter for the CT physically
Ratio that will be used by the filter for the CT physically
Ratio that will be used by the filter for the CT physically connected in phase 1 (L1, R, U) of the installation
connected in phase 2 (L2, S, V) of the installation
connected in phase 3 (L3, T, W) of the installation
After acknowledgin g the last phase with , the filter will automatically reset and the new values will be tak en into account . Pressing
time will interrupt the automatic CT detection process. In single unit filters, original CT-values and positions exis ting prior to the start of the procedure will be restored. In multi-unit filters, the new values will be stored in the units for which the CT setting were already accepted, and will be restored to the initial value in the other units.
If the CT identification ended unsuccessfully:
o The filter displays an error message indicating the reason for the
problem. Table 43 gives a list of the possible error messages.
Table 43: Possible error messages during automatic CT identification
at any
PQF-Manager error messages during automatic CT identification
The CT identification found inconsistent CT positions. The CT identification did not end within an appropriate time frame. The CT identification required an abnormally high DC voltage.
The most common causes for these messages are:
§ CTs not connected or shorted
§ CTs connected in open loop configuration
96 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 97
§ Usage of an excessive CT ratio (including summation CTs). The CT ratio limit is set at 20000/5.
o After acknowledging the error message, the CT values existing before
the start of the process will be restored and the automatic CT detection procedure will be ended. The unsuccessful CT detection attempt is recorded in the event loggi ng wind o w.
Conditions under which the automatic CT identification process may give unsatisfactory results include:
o The use of CTs with extremely high ratio’s (> 20000/5). This will result in
an error message indicating inconsistent CT positions. In this, the ratio of the summation CTs that may be present should be included.
o The presence of a low impedance directly downstream of the filter
connection although the CTs have been correctly installed upstream of the filter connection. This will result in wrong CT ratio’s being found. In that case the commissioning engineer can easily correct the CT ratio’s found.
o The use of complex CT arrangements including summing CTs.
It is recommended that the results obtained with the automatic CT detection procedure be crosschecked with a visual inspection of the installation.
• Setting up the CT positions and ratio’s using the manual setup procedure: For entering the CT-settings manually, go to
[/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning/Man. CT settings] For multi-unit filters the CT data for each unit has to be entered.
When entering the m anual CT setup m enu the user is subseque ntly prom pted to define for the selected filter unit of a filter system::
o for the CT connected to the filter CT terminals X21/1-2 (Input 1):
§ in which line (phase) is it installed (Line 1, Line 2, Line 3)
§ does the CT (cabling) have the good orientation (Line x) or not
(-Line x) Remark: If the CT installation is correct, enter ‘Line 1’.
If the CT is installed in the right phase but inversed, enter ‘-Line 1’.
o for the CT connected to the filter CT terminals X21/3-4 (Input 2):
§ in which line (phase) is it installed (Line 1, Line 2, Line 3)
§ does the CT (cabling) have the good orientation (Line x) or not
(-Line x) Remark: If the CT installation is correct, enter ‘Line 2’. If the CT is installed in the right phase but inversed,
enter ‘-Line 2’.
o for the CT connected to the filter CT terminals X21/5-6 (Input 3):
§ in which line (phase) is it installed (Line 1, Line 2, Line 3)
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 97
Page 98
§ does the CT (cabling) have the good orientation (Line x) or not (-Line x)
Remark: If the CT installation is correct, enter ‘Line 3’. If the CT is installed in the right phase but inversed,
enter ‘-Line 3’.
o for the CT physically installed in Line 1 (L1, R, U):
§ the CT ratio, which is always positive; e.g. a CT of 5000/5 has a ratio 1000
o for the CT physically installed in Line 2 (L2, S, V):
§ the CT ratio, which is always positive; e.g. a CT of 5000/5 has a ratio 1000
o for the CT physically installed in Line 3 (L3, T, W):
§ the CT ratio, which is always positive; e.g. a CT of 5000/5 has a ratio 1000
After entering all the ab ove mentioned values, t he filter resets and the settings are taken into account.
Remarks:
o Pressing
during the manual CT setup procedure will result in:
§ For single unit filters, the original CT-values and positions existing prior to the start of the procedure be restored.
§ For multi-unit filters, the new values will be stored in the units for which the CT setting were already accepted, and will be restored to the initial values in the other units.
o Section 8.6 gives guidelines on how to identify the position of the CTs in
case the automatic CT detection procedure cannot be used or is unsuccessful.
o Refer to Section 6.9 and Section 6.10 for more information on the
selection and the installation of the current transformers.
7.7.2.4 Setting up the filter rating parameter
For entering the rating parameter, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning/Rating]
The permissible ambient conditions for PQFS operation are laid out in Table 13.
• If the filter is installed at locations higher than 1000 m (3300 ft) above sea level, the maximum filter output current must be derated by 1% every additional 100m (330ft).
• Above 40°C (104°F), the maximum output current must be derated by 3.5% every additional 1°C (1.8°F) up to 50°C (122°F) maximum limit.
The total required derating is the sum of all the deratings taking into account the installation height and the ambient temperature.
The PQF-Manager rating menu shows the filter nominal rat ing, which is by default 100% . The new value to be set when derating is required is 100% - (total required derating %).
98 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Page 99
After approving the new rating value ( ), the filter will res et and the new value will be taken into account. In pr actic e, this implies that the output c urrent of the un it will be lim ited to the filter nominal current times the entered rating factor. E.g. a rating factor of 50% implies that the maximum RMS filter current is half the nominal filter current.
Pressing
will resu lt in the original value be ing restore d and the filter rating menu being
quit.
7.7.2.5 Setting up the user’s requirements
For entering the user’s requirements at the commissioning level, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Commissioning/User]
At the commiss ioning level, a shortcut exists to the principal us er set up menus. These consist of:
• Setting up the filter mode for the main settings. After selecting the desired value, press
to go to the next step.
• Setting up the harmonic selection table for the main settings. After entering the desired values (cf. Section 7.7.1.1), press
repeatedly until the next step is
displayed.
• Setting up the reactive power requirements including balancing for the main settings. After selecting the desired values, press
to go to the next step.
• After entering the data, the main settings can be copied on to the auxiliary settings (if desired) by pressing
. Pressing any other key will omit this step.
• The set-up ends by displaying the main commissioning menu.
Remarks:
• Refer to Section 7.7.1.1 for more explanation on the main and auxiliary filter settings, the filter mode, the harmonics selection table and reactive power setup possibilities.
• A more complete user set up process can be done at he customer settings level (cf. Section 7.7.1)
• In order to interrupt the set up process, press
repeatedly until the stop message appears. It should be noted that any parameters entered before the procedure is stopped, will have been recorded in the filter’s memory. Re-enter the user set up to change the values again if desired.

7.7.3 The ‘Installation settings ’ menu [/Welcome/Settings/Installation set.]

WARNING: The installation settings menu is intended to be used by qualified commissioning engineers that are authorized to change the filter’s advanced settings.
The filter’s advanced settings include:
• the auto restart function
Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS The PQF-Manager user interface 99
Page 100
• the standby function
• the system clock setup
• the external communication setup
• the software lock activation and password setup
The aforementioned functions are discussed more in detail later in this section. For convenience, the installation se ttings menu also gives an overv iew of the installat ion
settings. More specifically, the following settings can be read:
• Settings for the nominal voltage, frequency and synchro mode ([/Welcome/Settings/Installation set./Network charact.])
• Filter characteristics ([/Welcome/Settings/Installation set./Filter charact.])
• CT installation settings ([/Welcome/Settings/Installation set./CT Installation])
• % Rating setting ([/Welcome/Settings/Installation set./Rating])
Where applicable the settings for individual units i n a filter system can be revie wed by selecting the appropriate unit.
Note that the settings of the above-mentioned parameters can only be changed at the commissioning level (Cf. Section 7.7.2)
7.7.3.1 Setting up the ‘auto restart’ function
For setting up the ‘auto restart’ function, go to [/W elcome/Settings/Installation set./Start­Stop set.]
In multi-master units these functions need to be set up in each master-unit in order to obtain full redundancy.
The ‘auto restart’ func tion w hen ena bled e nsures that the filt er restar ts aut om aticall y after a power outage if the filter was on before the po wer outage occurs . A time de lay can be programmed to defi ne how long after the power ret urns, the filter will res tart. When the ‘auto restart’ function is disabled, the filter will not restart automatically after a power outage.
• To enable/disable the ‘auto restart’ function, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Installation set./Start-Stop set./Auto start].
• To program the delay after which the filter has restart once the power returns, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Installation set./Start-Stop set./Auto st. del].
Remark: By default the ‘auto restart’ function is enabled and the delay time is set at 5s.
7.7.3.2 Setting up the ‘standby’ function
For setting up the ‘standb y’ function, go to [/Welcome/Settings/Insta llation set./Start-Stop set.]
In multi-master units these functions need to be set up in each master-unit in order to obtain full redundancy.
The ‘standby’ functi on when en abled puts the f ilter in s tandby, a pres et tim e after the load requirement disappears. In this condition, the IGBTs stop switching while the main contactor remains closed (filter remains connected to the network). This way the filter
100 The PQF-Manager user interface Manual Power Quality Filter PQFS
Loading...
Buy Points How it Works FAQ Contact Us Questions and Suggestions Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Terms of Use