3B Scientific Ultrasonic Echoscope User Manual

3B SCIENTIFIC3B SCIENTIFIC

3B SCIENTIFIC®

3B SCIENTIFIC3B SCIENTIFIC

U10010 Ultrasonic Echoscope and Accessories

PHYSICSPHYSICS

PHYSICS

PHYSICSPHYSICS

®

Operating instructions

6/04 ALF

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bs

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Safety instructions

For your own safety and that of the equipment, please
read the following instructions thoroughly before us­ing this ultrasonic device and its accessories.
The slits in the device are for ventilation and must not
be covered to avoid overheating of the equipment. We
recommended that the feet on the device be used.
Ensure that the specified operating voltage and safety
measures are observed.
Never try to insert objects through the ventilation slits
since this could lead to short circuits or electric shocks.
Connect only the ultrasonic transducer supplied by 3B
Scientific GmbH to the "PROBE" sockets. Caution: the
transmitting transducer may experience voltage pulses
as high as 300 V.
Be aware that this is laboratory equipment and not a
medical appliance. The ultrasonic sensors are not to
be used on people or animals.

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blbmbnbobpbq

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1 Start point for time-dependent amplification
2 Trigger slope (rise time) for time-dependent amplification
3 Width of time-dependent amplification
4 Threshold for time-dependent amplification
5 Transmitter power
6 Receiver gain
7 Power supply
8 Mains switch
9 Receiver unit

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bl Probe connection for reflection mode

or receiver in transmission mode

bm Reflection/transmission mode changeover switch

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bn Probe connection for transmission mode
bo Transmitter unit
bp Clocking unit (time-dependent amplifier)
bq Connector sockets for oscilloscope
br Signal output A scan (LF signal)
bs Signal output (HF signal)
bt Signal output for trigger signal
bu Signal output for time-dependent amplifier ramp

Contents

1. Introduction ........................................ 12

2. Components.........................................12

2.1. U10010 Ultrasonic echoscope controls ....... 12

2.2. Ultrasonic transducers................................ 12

2.2.1. U10015 1-MHz ultrasonic transducer ......... 12

2.2.2. U10017 4-MHz ultrasonic transducer ......... 12

2.3. Accessories ................................................. 12

2.3.1. U10027 Acrylic block with holes................. 12

2.3.2. U10020 Equipment set for longitudinal

and transverse waves.................................. 12

2.3.3. U10022 Aluminum block with

protractor scale .......................................... 13

2.3.4. U10023 Polyoxymethylene (POM) plate

with protractor scale .................................. 13

2.3.5. U10025 Reflection plate ............................. 13

2.3.6. U10026 Set of three cylinders..................... 13

2.3.7. U10029 Heart valve model ......................... 13

2.3.8. L55/1 Model of a single breast

with benign tumor ..................................... 13

All rights are reserved by 3B Scientific GmbH. No part of this operating manual may be reproduced, rewritten, copied

or redistributed in any form without the express permission of 3B Scientific GmbH.

3B Scientific GmbH accepts no responsibility for damage caused by incorrect use of the equipment, nor for any

repairs or modification made by third parties other than those authorized by 3B Scientific GmbH.

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3. Software ..............................................13

3.1. Program operation ..................................... 13

3.2. Menu functions .......................................... 14

4. Suggested experiments..........................14

4.1. Wave nature of ultrasound ......................... 14

4.2. Determining the frequency

of the transducer in use ............................. 15

4.3. Speed of longitudinally propagated

sound in test bodies ................................... 15

4.4. Attenuation of sound in test bodies ........... 15

4.5. Attenuation of sound in fluids.................... 16

4.6. Frequency-dependent attenuation............. 16

4.7. Time-dependent amplifier ......................... 17

4.8 Frequency dependence of resolution ......... 18

4.9. Manually guided B image........................... 18

4.10. Time-motion mode (M mode)..................... 18

4.11. Transmission coefficient and speed

of transversely propagated sound .............. 19

4.12 Combination of B image and

A scan – testing of materials ...................... 20

5. Technical details ..................................20

5.1 U10010 Ultrasonic echoscope controls ....... 20

5.2. U10015 1-MHz ultrasonic transducer ......... 20

5.3. U10017 4-MHz ultrasonic transducer ......... 20

5.4. U10027 Acrylic block with holes ................. 20

5.5 U10020 Equipment set for

longitudinal and transverse waves ............. 20

5.6 U10022 Aluminum block with

protractor scale .......................................... 20

5.7. U10023 Polyoxymethylene (POM) plate

with protractor scale .................................. 20

5.8. U10025 Reflection plate ............................. 20

5.9. U10026 Set of three cylinders ..................... 20

5.10. U10029 Heart valve model ......................... 20

5.11. L55/1 Model of a single breast with benign

tumor ......................................................... 20

6. Bibliography ........................................20

dependent amplifier can be viewed separately. The gain
for the amplification of the received signal can be ad­justed in 5-dB steps from 0 to 35 dB. The transmitter
power can be adjusted in 10-dB steps from 0 to 30 dB.
For time-dependent amplification, the start point, the
rise time, the threshold and the width can all be con­tinuously adjusted up to a maximum gain of 35 dB.
Also included is the ASH control software for Microsoft
Windows. This allows you to measure amplitude and
timing differentials. It also supports the simultaneous
display of HF signal and amplitude signal so that, un­like with conventional A-image equipment, the wave
nature of ultrasound can be demonstrated. An addi­tional chart simultaneously shows the form of and
change in the time-dependent amplification. Other
software options include: manually guided B-images;
time-motion mode; FFT on a selected signal segment;
zoom function; changeover between time and resolu­tion depending on the speed of sound, which can also
be adjusted; switching between measuring ranges; data
export and print capability; automatic mode display
(transmission or refection).

2.2. Ultrasonic transducer

2.2.1. Ultrasonic transducer 1 MHz U10015

For examinations at greater depth or examinations in­volving high power and low depth resolution, 16-mm
piezo-ceramic disc in cast metal housing, preset for
water propagated sound, one cable with frequency­coded snap-in plug.

2.2.2. Ultrasonic transducer 4 MHz U10017

For examinations requiring maximum depth resolu­tion at shallow depth, 16-mm piezo-ceramic disc in
cast metal housing, preset for water propagated sound,
1-m cable with frequency-coded snap-in plug.

1. Introduction

Ultrasonic echoscopy (also called sonography) has de­veloped into one of the key procedures for medical
examination and materials technology. Although there
is a confusingly wide range of ultrasonic devices pro­duced for various applications, all of them rely on the
same basic principle of emitting a mechanical wave
and recording the reflections in an echogram.

2. Components

2.1. Ultrasonic echoscope controls U10010

The U10010 echoscope is an ultrasonic A-image de­vice with an output for pure pulse echo operation and
an extra output and converter for operation with two
ultrasonic transducers for transmission measurements.
The device is equipped with a parallel interface for
connection to transfer data to a PC.
To make the principle behind the device clearer, the
individual components, receiver, transmitter and time-

2.3. Accessories

2.3.1. Acrylic block with holes U10027

For determining speed of sound and attenuation of
an ultrasonic signal in acrylic (polyacrylate), for pin­pointing discontinuities, and investigating imaging er­rors caused by sound shadows or ground echoes, fre­quency-dependent resolution capacity and display of
a manual B image. To investigate resolution, both the
1-MHz and the 4-MHz transducers are required. Pol­ished polyacrylate block with drilled holes of various
diameter for simulating discontinuities at various dis­tances from the surface of the block.

2.3.2. Equipment set for longitudinal and transverse
waves U10020

For investigating the propagation of longitudinal and
transverse (shear) waves in solid bodies and determin­ing elastic constants (shear modulus, modulus of elas­ticity and Poisson number) of these bodies. Also for
determining ultrasonic attenuation in fluids by means

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of time-dependent amplitude measurement with
moveable reflector.
Ultrasound is first passed vertically through a body
under test placed in a trough filled with water. Only
longitudinal waves are propagated through the body.
The transmission amplitude of these is recorded. In
rotating the body to ever greater angles, the ampli­tude of the longitudinal waves decreases and trans­verse waves are increasingly propagated through the
body. These appear in the amplitude domain as a sec­ond peak.
From the angle where total reflection of the longitudi­nal waves takes place, the speed of the longitudinal
waves can be calculated. The speed of transverse waves
can be calculated from the angle where the maximum
transmission amplitude for transverse waves occurs. If
the body is rotated further, total reflection of the trans­verse component may also occur depending on the
magnitude of the speed of sound in proportion to that
in the surrounding fluid.
From the two speeds of sound, the elastic constants
(shear modulus, modulus of elasticity and Poisson
number) for the body under test can be calculated.
Acrylic (included in the scope of delivery), aluminum
and polyoxymethylene (POM) plates are available as
test bodies. The speed of transverse waves in acrylic
(polyacrylate) is almost exactly the same as in water.
In aluminum the speed is greater and in POM it is
smaller than in water.
Set consists of sounding trough, acrylic test plate in
holder with protractor scale and two transducer hold­ers for 1-MHz or 4-MHz ultrasonic transducers that al­low for precise positioning of the transducers on the
sounding trough.

2.3.3. Aluminum plate with protractor scale U10022

Accessory for longitudinal and transverse waves equip­ment set for investigating the propagation of transverse
waves in metals and for determining the elastic con­stants such as shear modulus, modulus of elasticity and
Poisson number for aluminum; high quality reflector
(large reflection coefficient in water) and therefore easy­to-measure signal amplitudes for attenuation meas­urements in liquids (e.g. water, cooking oil, glycerine).

individual echoes analyzed. The result is a shifting of
the median frequency to lower frequencies since the
higher frequency components are more strongly at­tenuated.

2.3.6. Set of 3 cylinders U10026

Polished polyacrylate cylinders for determining speed
of sound and attenuation of ultrasound in acrylic.
Measurements can be made using reflection mode or
transmission mode.

2.3.7. Heart valve model U10029

Twin chamber with rubber membrane and pressure
regulator for demonstrating the action of heart valves
using the time-motion method. During the experiment,
the membrane chamber produces an image similar to
that produced by a valve of a beating heart in an elec­trocardiogram as used for medical diagnosis.

2.3.8. Model of a single breast with benign tumor

Imitation breast made of silicon with a simulated be­nign tumor for demonstrating B-image mode.

3.Software

3.1. Program operation

As soon as the program is started, the measuring equip­ment is immediately activated. The user interface is
shown in the illustration above. In the top part of the
screen, the A-image signal, the current position of the
markers (vertical red and green lines), the frequency
of the receiving transducer that is connected and the
current mode (reflection/pulse echo or transmission).
The markers can be positioned using the mouse (the
mouse cursor changes when the markers are to be
moved).

2.3.4. Polyoxymethylene (POM) plate in test holder
with protractor scale U10023

Accessory for longitudinal and transverse waves equip­ment set for investigating the propagation of transverse
waves in plastic and for determining the elastic con­stants such as shear modulus, modulus of elasticity and
Poisson number for POM.

2.3.5. Reflection plate U10025

Polished acrylic plate for investigating multiple ech­oes and measuring frequency-dependent attenuation.
The 4-MHz transducer is particularly suited for meas­urements of this kind. Initially an echo image with at
least three echoes is recorded and the spectrum of the

The scale for the time axis (time measurement) can be
switched to display distance (depth measurement)
["Time"/"Depth" buttons]. An entry for the speed of
propagation as required for calculation can be made
using the Settings option in the menu (default: 1000
m/s). The UP-DOWN button pairing at the left-hand edge
of the screen is for changing the amplitude resolution
(top) and shifting the zero-axis (bottom).

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