ZyXEL Communications P-2302R-P1C User Manual

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P-2302R-P1C

VoIP Station Gateway

Support Notes

Version 3.60

Oct. 2007

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

INDEX

Application Notes ......................................................................................................... 6

General Application Notes .....................................................................................6

Internet Connection ........................................................................................ 6

Setup the the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP Relay .......................................... 11

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA .................................................. 13

Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA ........................................................ 14

About Filter & Filter Examples ................................................................... 18

Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) ............................................................... 41

Network Management Using SNMP ........................................................... 42

Using SysLog ............................................................................................... 49

Using IP Alias .............................................................................................. 52

Using IP Multicast ....................................................................................... 56

Using Traffic Redirect Feature ..................................................................... 58

Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP) ........................................................... 61

VoIP Application Notes ........................................................................................67

Setup SIP Account ....................................................................................... 67

Advanced voice settings configuration ........................................................ 71

Voice QoS .................................................................................................... 77

Phone port settings ....................................................................................... 78

Common Phone ............................................................................................ 79

Country Code ............................................................................................... 80

Call Forwarding ........................................................................................... 81

Call Hold ...................................................................................................... 84

Call Waiting ................................................................................................. 85

Three Way Conference ................................................................................ 86

Call Transfer ................................................................................................ 88

Internal Call ................................................................................................. 91

MWI ............................................................................................................. 91

Music on hold .............................................................................................. 92

Early Media .................................................................................................. 93

Call Park / Call Pickup ................................................................................. 94

Phone book Speed dial ................................................................................. 96

FAQ ............................................................................................................................. 99

ZyNOS FAQ ........................................................................................................99

What is ZyNOS? .......................................................................................... 99

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

How do I access the embedded web configurator? ...................................... 99

What is the default LAN IP address and Password? Moreover, how do I

change it? ..................................................................................................... 99

How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via embedded web

configurator? .............................................................................................. 100

How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using FTP client

program via LAN? ..................................................................................... 100

How do I upload or backup ROMFILE via web configurator? ................. 100

How do I backup/restore configurations by using FTP client program via

LAN?.......................................................................................................... 101

Why can't I make Telnet to The ZyXEL Device from WAN? .................. 101

What should I do if I forget the system password? .................................... 101

What is SUA? When should I use SUA? ................................................... 102

What is the difference between NAT and SUA? ....................................... 102

How many network users can the SUA/NAT support? ............................. 102

What are Device filters and Protocol filters? ............................................. 103

Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters? ............................ 103

Product FAQ ......................................................................................................103

What is the ZyXEL Device Internet Access Sharing Router? ................... 103

Will the ZyXEL Device work with my Internet connection? .................... 103

What do I need to use the ZyXEL Device? ............................................... 104

What is PPPoE? ......................................................................................... 104

Does the ZyXEL Device support PPPoE? ................................................. 104

How do I know I am using PPPoE? ........................................................... 104

Why does my provider use PPPoE?........................................................... 104

Which Internet Applications can I use with the ZyXEL Device? .............. 104

How can I configure the ZyXEL Device? ................................................. 105

What network interface does the ZyXEL Device support? ....................... 105

What can we do with the ZyXEL Device? ................................................ 105

Does the ZyXEL Device support dynamic IP addressing? ........................ 105

What is the difference between the internal IP and the real IP from my ISP?

.................................................................................................................... 105

How does e-mail work through the ZyXEL Device? ................................ 105

What is the difference between the 'Standard' and 'RoadRunner' service? 106 Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? If possible, how? ......................................................................... 106

What DHCP capability does the ZyXEL Device support? ........................ 106

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How do I used the reset button, more over what field of parameter will be

reset by reset button? ................................................................................. 106

What network interface does the new ZyXEL Device support? ................ 106

How does the ZyXEL Device support TFTP? ........................................... 107

Can the ZyXEL Device support TFTP over WAN? ................................... 107

How can I upload data to outside Internet over the one-way cable? ......... 107

How fast can the data go? .......................................................................... 107

My ZyXEL Device can not get an IP address from the ISP to connect to

the Internet, what can I do? ........................................................................ 108

What is BOOTP/DHCP?............................................................................ 110

What is DDNS?.......................................................................................... 110

When do I need DDNS service? ................................................................ 111

What DDNS servers does the ZyXEL Device support? ............................ 111

What is DDNS wildcard? ........................................................................... 111

Does the ZyXEL Device support DDNS wildcard? .................................. 111

Can the ZyXEL Device SUA handle IPsec packets sent by the VPN

gateway behind ZyXEL Device? ............................................................... 111

How do I setup my ZyXEL Device for routing IPsec packets over SUA? 112

VoIP FAQ ........................................................................................................... 112

What is Voice over IP? .............................................................................. 112

How does Voice over IP work? ................................................................. 112

Why use VoIP? .......................................................................................... 112

What is the relationship between codec and VoIP? ................................... 113

What advantage does Voice over IP can provide? ..................................... 113

What is the difference between H.323 and SIP? ........................................ 113

Can H.323 and SIP interoperate with one another? ................................... 113

What is voice quality? ................................................................................ 113

How are voice quality normally rated? ...................................................... 113

What is codec? ........................................................................................... 114

What is the relation of codec and VoIP? ................................................... 114

What codec does the ZyXEL Device support? .......................................... 114

Which codec should I choose? ................................................................... 114

What do I need in order to use SIP? .......................................................... 114

Unable to register with the SIP server?...................................................... 115

I can register but can not establish a call? .................................................. 115

I can make a call but the voice only goes one way not in both ways? ....... 115

I can receive a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway? .......... 115

All contents Copyright  2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

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If all the about have been tried, but register still fail what should I do? .... 115

I suspect there is a hardware problem with my ZyXEL Device what should

I do? ........................................................................................................... 116

Trouble Shooting ...................................................................................................... 116

Unable to Get WAN IP from ISP ....................................................................... 116

Using Embedded Packet Trace .......................................................................... 119

Debug PPPoE Connection .................................................................................134

CLI Command List .................................................................................................. 145

All contents Copyright  2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Application Notes

General Application Notes

Internet Connection

A typical Internet access application of the ZyXEL Device is shown below. For a small office, there are some

components needs to be checked before accessing the Internet.

 Before you begin  Setting up the Windows  Setting up the ZyXEL Device  Troubleshooting

 Before you begin

The ZyXEL Device is shipped with the following factory default:

1. IP address = 192.168.1.1, subnet mask = 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)

2. DHCP server enabled with IP pool starting from 192.168.1.33

3. Default SMT menu password = 1234

 Setting up the PC (Windows OS)

1. Ethernet connection

All PCs must have an Ethernet adapter card installed.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

 If you only have one PC, connect the PC's Ethernet adapter to the ZyXEL Device's LAN port with

a crossover (red one) Ethernet cable.

 If you have more than one PC, both the PC's Ethernet adapters and the ZyXEL Device's LAN port

must be connected to an external hub with straight Ethernet cable.

2. TCP/IP Installation

You must first install TCP/IP software on each PC before you can use it for Internet access. If you have already

installed TCP/IP, go to the next section to configure it; otherwise, follow these steps to install:

 In the Control Panel/Network window, click Add button.  In the Select Network Component Type windows, select Protocol and click Add.  In the Select Network Protocol windows, select Microsoft from the manufacturers, then select

TCP/IP from the Network Protocols and click OK.

3. TCP/IP Configuration

Follow these steps to configure Windows TCP/IP:

 In the Control Panel/Network window, click the TCP/IP entry to select it and click Properties

button.

 In the TCP/IP Properties window, select obtain an IP address automatically.

Note: Do not assign arbitrary IP address and subnet mask to your PCs, otherwise, you will not be able to access

the Internet.

 Click the WINS configuration tab and select Disable WINS Resolution.  Click the Gateway tab. Highlight any installed gateways and click the Remove button until there

are none listed.

 Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS.  Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP properties window  Click OK to close the Network window. You will be prompted to insert your Windows CD or disk.

When the drivers are updated, you will be asked if you want to restart the PC. Make sure your ZyXEL Device is powered on before answering Yes to the prompt. Repeat the above steps for each Windows PC on your network.

 Setting up the ZyXEL Device

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

The following procedure is for the most typical usage of the ZyXEL Device where you have a single-user

account (SUA). The ZyXEL Device supports embedded web server that allows you to use Web browser to

configure it. Before configuring the router using Browser please be sure there is no Telnet or Console login.

1. Retrieve ZyXEL Device Web

Please enter the LAN IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the URL location to retrieve the web screen from the

ZyXEL Device. The default LAN IP of the ZyXEL Device is 192.168.1.1. See the example below. Note that

you can either use http://192.168.1.1 or https://192.168.1.1

2. Login first

The default password is the default SMT password, '1234'.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

3. Configure the ZyXEL Device for Internet access by using WIZARD SETUP

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The Web screen shown below takes PPPoE as the example.

Select “Dynamic＂ if the ISP provides the IP dynamically, otherwise select “Use Fixed IP address＂ and enter the static IP given by ISP in the box following“MY WAN IP Address＂field.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Setup the the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP Relay

 What is DHCP Relay?

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P2302

supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured as DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to the

LAN clients. When it is configured as DHCP relay, it is responsible for forwarding the requests and responses

negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

DHCP= Relay TCP/IP Setup:

Client IP Pool:

Starting Address= N/A IP Address= 192.168.1.1

Size of Client IP Pool= N/A IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

First DNS Server= N/A RIP Direction= Both

IP Address= N/A Version= RIP-1

Second DNS Server= N/A Multicast= None

IP Address= N/A Edit IP Alias= No

Third DNS Server= N/A

IP Address= N/A

DHCP Server Address= 192.168.1.2

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

 Setup the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP Client

1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in menu 3.2 and enter the IP address of the DHCP server in the 'Relay Server

Address' field.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA

 Introduction

If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users, even

though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the

port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the ZyXEL Device, a server must

have a fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each time it is powered

on.

In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not

have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined,

the service request is simply discarded.

 Configuration

To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of

the server in 'Menu 15.2.1', Multiple Server Configuration. The outside users can access the local server using

the ZyXEL Device's

 For example (Configuring an internal Web server for outside access) :

WAN IP

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address which can be obtained from menu 24.1.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Service

Port Number

FTP

Telnet

SMTP

DNS (Domain Name Server)

www-http (Web)

 Port numbers for some services

Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA

 Introduction

PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets to be encapsulated within

Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP network, including the Internet itself.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to establish an IP connection with a tunnel server

such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access Server.

Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure, optimized

multiple-protocol network connection over dial-up telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be

encrypted and compressed, and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run

correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet.

Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack

PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a

connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system.

Since PPTP encapsulates its data stream in the PPP protocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This

second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first

dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.

The PPTP is supported in Windows NT and Windows 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs to be upgraded by

the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.

 Configuration

This application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote private network in the ZyXEL

Device SUA case. In ZyNOS, all PPTP packets can be forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server)

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

behind SUA. The port number of the PPTP has to be entered in the SMT Menu 15 for ZyXEL Device to

forward to the appropriate private IP address of Windows NT server.

 Example

The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the ZyXEL Device and then establish a tunnel to a

private network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server

(WinNT), PPTP client (Win9x) and the ZyXEL Device.

o PPTP server setup (WinNT)

 Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network  Add an user account for PPTP logged on user  Enable RAS port  Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI  Set the Internet gateway to ZyXEL Device

o PPTP client setup (Win9x)

 Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correct

username & password and the IP address of the ZyXEL Device's Internet IP address for logging to NT RAS server.

 Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP

o ZyXEL router setup

 Before making a VPN connection from Win9x to WinNT server, you need to connect ZyXEL

router to your ISP first.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

 Enter the IP address of the PPTP server (WinNT server) and the port number for PPTP as shown

below.

When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from

WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the

Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achieved, you can place a VPN call from the

remote Win9x client.

For example:

C:\ping 203.66.113.2

When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic

through that connection. Therefore, the output below shows the default gateway of the Win9x client

after the dial-up connection has been established.

Before making a VPN connection from the Win9x client to the NT server, you need to know the exact

Internet IP address that the ISP assigns to ZyXEL router in SUA mode and enter this IP address in the

VPN dial-up dialog box. You can check this Internet IP address from PNC Monitor or SMT Menu

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

24.1. If the Internet IP address is a fixed IP address provided by ISP in SUA mode, then you can

always use this IP address for reaching the VPN server.

In the following example, the IP address '140.113.1.225' is dynamically assigned by ISP. You must

enter this IP address in the 'VPN Server' dialog box for reaching the PPTP server. After the VPN link is

established, you can start the network protocol application such as IP, IPX and NetBEUI.

About Filter & Filter Examples

How does ZyXEL filter work?

 Filter Structure

The ZyXEL Device allows you to configure up to twelve filter sets with six rules in each set, for a total of 72

filter rules in the system. You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of

packets. With each filter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port.

The following diagram illustrates the logic flow when executing a filter rule.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

 Filter Types and SUA

Conceptually, there are two categories of filter rules: device and protocol. The Generic filter rules belong to the

device category; they act on the raw data from/to LAN and WAN. The IP and IPX filter rules belong to the

protocol category; they act on the IP and IPX packets.

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In order to allow users to specify the local network IP address and port number in the filter rules with SUA

connections, the TCP/IP filter function has to be executed before SUA for WAN outgoing packets and after the

SUA for WAN incoming IP packets. But at the same time, the Generic filter rules must be applied at the point

when the ZyXEL Device is receiving and sending the packets; i.e. the ISDN interface. So, the execution

sequence has to be changed. The logic flow of the filter is shown in Figure 1 and the sequence of the logic flow

for the packet from LAN to WAN is:

 LAN device and protocol input filter sets.  WAN protocol call and output filter sets.  If SUA is enabled, SUA converts the source IP address from 192.168.1.33 to 203.205.115.6 and

port number from 1023 to 4034.

 WAN device output and call filter sets.

The sequence of the logic flow for the packet from WAN to LAN is:

 WAN device input filter sets.  If SUA is enabled, SUA converts the destination IP address from 203.205.115.6 to 92.168.1.33 and port

number from 4034 to 1023.

 WAN protocol input filter sets.  LAN device and protocol output filter sets.

Generic and TCP/IP (and IPX) filter rules are in different filter sets. The SMT will detect and prevent the

mixing of different category rules within any filter set in Menu 21. In the following example, you will receive

an error message 'Protocol and device filter rules cannot be active together' if you try to activate a TCP/IP (or

IPX) filter rule in a filter set that has already had one or more active Generic filter rules. You will receive the

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 0

Length= 0

Mask= N/A

Value= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Check Next Rule

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

same error if you try to activate a Generic filter rule in a filter set that has already had one or more active

TCP/IP (or IPX) filter rules.

Menu 21.1.1:

Menu 21.1.2:

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Check Next Rule

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Saving to ROM. Please wait...

Protocol and device rule cannot be active together

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= LAN Route= IP

Active= Yes Bridge= No

Encapsulation= PPP Edit PPP Options= No

Incoming: Rem IP Addr= ?

Rem Login= test Edit IP/IPX/Bridge= No

Rem Password= ********

To separate the device and protocol filter categories; two new menus, Menu 11.5 and Menu 13.1, have been

added, as well as some changes made to the Menu 3.1, Menu 11.1, and Menu 13. The new fields are shown

below.

Menu 3.1:

Menu 11.1:

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Outgoing: Session Options:

My Login= testt Edit Filter Sets= Yes

My Password= *****

Authen= CHAP/PAP

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Menu 11.5:

P2302R-P1C Support Notes

SMT will also prevent you from entering a protocol filter set configured in Menu 21 to the device filters field in

Menu 3.1, 11.5, or entering a device filter set to the protocol filters field. Even though SMT will prevent the

inconsistency from being entered in ZyNOS, it is unable to resolve the intermixing problems existing in the

filter sets that were configured before. Instead, when ZyNOS translates the old configuration into the new

format, it will verify the filter rules and log the inconsistencies. Please check the system log (Menu 24.3.1)

before putting your device into use.

In order to avoid operational problems later, the ZyXEL Device will disable its routing/bridging functions if

there is an inconsistency among its filter rules.

filter for blocking the web service

 Configuration

Before configuring a filter, you need to know the following information:

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 Web Request 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

1. The outbound packet type (protocol & port number)

2. The source IP address

Generally, the outbound packets for Web service could be as following:

a. HTTP packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 80

b. DNS packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 53 or

c. DNS packet, UDP (17) protocol with port number 53

For all workstation on the LAN, the source IP address will be 0.0.0.0. Otherwise, you have to enter an IP

Address for the workstation you want to block. See the procedure for configuring this filter below.

o Create a filter set in Menu 21, e.g., set 1 o Create three filter rules in Menu 21.1.1, Menu 21.1.2, Menu 21.1.3

 Rule 1- block the HTTP packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 80  Rule 2- block the DNS packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 53  Rule 3- block the DNS packet, UDP (17) protocol with port number 53

o Apply the filter set in menu 4

1. Create a filter set in Menu 21

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 80

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

2. Rule one for (a). http packet, TCP(06)/Port number 80

3.Rule 2 for (b).DNS request, TCP(06)/Port number 53

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. Rule 3 for (c). DNS packet UDP(17)/Port number 53

5. After the three rules are completed, you will see the rule summary in Menu 21.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- -------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=80 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N

3 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0,DP=53 N D F

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 Block a client 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 0

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

6. Apply the filter set to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set' in the remote node setup .

A filter for blocking a specific client

Configuration

1. Create a filter set in Menu 21, e.g., set 1

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Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

Source: IP Addr= 192.168.1.5

IP Mask= 255.255.255.255

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

2. One rule for blocking all packets from this client

Key Settings:

Source IP addr................Enter the client IP in this field

IP Mask..........................here the IP mask is used to mask the bits of the IP address given in the 'Source IP

Addr=' field, for one workstation it is 255.255.255.255.

Action Matched................Set to 'Drop' to drop all the packets from this client

Action Not Matched.........Set to 'Forward' to allow the packets from other clients

3. Apply the filter set number '1' to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set' field in the remote node setup.

A filter for blocking a specific MAC address

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ras> sys trcp channel enet0 bothway

ras> sys trcp sw on

Now a client on the LAN is trying to ping Prestige………

ras> sys trcp sw off

ras> sys trcp disp

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0

0000: [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84

0020: 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

TIME: 37c060 enet0-XMIT len:74 call=0

0000: [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c 00 07 00 00 fe 01 f0 ef ca 84 9b 63 ca 84

0020: 9b 5d 00 00 4d 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

+ Ethernet Version II

- Address: 00-80-C8-4C-EA-63 (Source MAC) ----> 00-A0-C5-23-45

(Destination MAC)

- Ethernet II Protocol Type: IP

This configuration example shows you how to use a Generic Filter to block a specific MAC address of the

LAN.

Before you Begin

Before you configure the filter, you need to know the MAC address of the client first. The MAC address can be

provided by the NICs. If there is the LAN packet passing through the ZyXEL Device you can identify the

uninteresting MAC address from the ZyXEL Device's LAN packet trace. Please have a look at the following

example to know the trace of the LAN packets.

The detailed format of the Ethernet Version II:

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+ Internet Protocol

- Version (MSB 4 bits): 4

- Header length (LSB 4 bits): 5

- Service type: Precd=Routine, Delay=Normal, Thrput=Normal, Reli=Normal

- Total length: 60 (Octets)

- Fragment ID: 60172

- Flags: May be fragmented, Last fragment, Offset=0 (0x00)

- Time to live: 32 seconds/hops

- IP protocol type: ICMP (0x01)

- Checksum: 0xE3EA

- IP address 202.132.155.93 (Source IP address) ---->

202.132.155.99(Destination IP address)

- No option

+ Internet Control Message Protocol

- Type: 8 - Echo Request

- Code: 0

- Checksum: 0x455C

- Identifier: 768

- Sequence Number: 1280

- Optional Data: (32 bytes)

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0

0000: [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84

0020: 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Configurations

From the above first trace, we know a client is trying to ping request the ZyXEL router. And from the second

trace, we know the ZyXEL router will send a reply to the client accordingly. The following sample filter will

utilize the 'Generic Filter Rule' to block the MAC address [00 80 c8 4c ea 63].

1. First, from the incoming LAN packet we know the uninteresting source MAC address starts at the 7th Octet

2. We are now ready to configure the 'Generic Filter Rule' as below.

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Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 6

Length= 6

Mask= ffffffffffff

Value= 0080c84cea63

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Key Settings:

 Generic Filter Ruls

Set the 'Filter Type' to 'Generic Filter Rule'

 Active

Turn 'Active' to 'Yes'

 Offset (in bytes)

Set to '6' since the source MAC address starts at 7th octets we need to skip the first octets of the destination MAC address.

 Length (in bytes)

Set to '6' since MAC address has 6 octets.

 Mask (in hexadecimal)

Specify the value that the ZyXEL Device will logically qualify (logical AND) the data in the packet. Since the Length is set to 6 octets the Mask for it should be 12 hexadecimal numbers. In this case, we intent to set to 'ffffffffffff' to mask the incoming source MAC address, [00 80 c8 4c ea 63].

 Value (in hexadecimal)

Specify the MAC address [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] that the ZyXEL Device should use to compare with the masked packet. If the result from the masked packet matches the 'Value', then the packet is considered matched.

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Menu 21.1.2 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 6

Length= 6

Mask= ffffffffffff

Value= 0080c810234a

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters= 1

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

 Action Matched=

Enter the action you want if the masked packet matches the 'Value'. In this case, we will drop it.

 Action Not Matched=

Enter the action you want if the masked packet does not match the 'Value'. In this case, we will forward it. If you want to configure more rules please select 'Check Next Rule' to start configuring the next new rule. However, please note that the 'Filter Type' must be also 'Generic Filter Rule' but not others. Because the Generic and TCPIP (IPX) filter rules must be in different filter sets.

You can now apply it to the 'General Ethernet Setup' in Menu 3.1. Please note that the 'Generic Filter' can only

be applied to the 'Device Filter' but not the 'Protocol Filter' that is used for configuring the TCPIP and IPX

filters.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

A filter for blocking the NetBIOS packets

 Introduction

The NETBIOS protocol is used to share a Microsoft comupter of a workgroup. For the security concern, the

NetBIOS connection to a outside host is blocked by ZyXEL router as factory defaults. Users can remove the

filter sets applied to menu 3.1 and menu 4.1 for activating the NetBIOS services. The details of the filter

settings are described as follows.

 Configuration

The packets need to be blocked are as follows. Please configure two filter sets with 4 and 2 rules respectively

based on the following packets in SMT menu 21.

Filter Set 1:

o Rule 1-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP) o Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP) o Rule 5-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 6-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Filter Set 2:

o Rule 1-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 6

(TCP)

o Rule 2-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 17

(UDP)

Before starting to set the filter rules, please enter a name for each filter set in the 'Comments' field first.

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Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 NetBIOS_WAN 7 _______________

2 NetBIOS_LAN 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Configure the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' by selecting the Filter Set number 1.

 Rule 1-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

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Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.1.3 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,3

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

 Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

 Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

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IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 138

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.1.4 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,4

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 138

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

 Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

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Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.1.5 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,5

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 139

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.1.6 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,6

 Rule 5-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

 Rule 6-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

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Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 139

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- --------------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N

3 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N

4 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N

5 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D N

6 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D F

 After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as below.

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Menu 21.2.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 2,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.2.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 2,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

 Apply the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' to the 'Output Protocol Filter' in the remote node

setup.

Configure the second filter set 'NetBIOS_LAN' by selecting the Filter Set number 2.

 Rule 1-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

 Rule 2-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

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IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- ---------------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D F

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

1. After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as below.

1. Apply the filter set 'NetBIOS_LAN' in the 'Input protocol filters=' in the Menu 3 for blocking

the packets from LAN

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

protocol filters= 2

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

1. What is DDNS?

The DDNS service, an IP Registry provides a public central database where information such as email

addresses, hostnames, IPs etc. can be stored and retrieved. This solves the problems if your DNS server uses an

IP associated with dynamic IPs.

Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the ZyXEL Device to access the internal server.

It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the ZyXEL Device, you apply a

DNS name (e.g., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server. The outside users

can always access the web server using the www.zyxel.com.tw regardless of the WAN IP of the ZyXEL

Device.

When the ISP assigns the ZyXEL Device a new IP, the ZyXEL Device must inform the DDNS server the

change of this IP so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS

server is updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., www.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable.

The DDNS server stores password-protected email addresses with IPs and hostnames and accepts queries based

on email addresses. So, there must be an email entry in the ZyXEL Device menu 1.

The DDNS servers the ZyXEL Device supports currently is WWW.DYNDNS.ORG where you apply the DNS

from and update the WAN IP to.

 Setup the DDNS

 Before configuring the DDNS settings in the ZyXEL Device, you must register an account from

the DDNS server such as WWW.DYNDNS.ORG first. After the registration, you have a hostname for your internal server and a password using to update the IP to the DDNS server.

 Visit 'Dynamic DNS' in the 'Maintenance>System' in the WEB GUI to configure the settings.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Option

Description

Service Provider

Enter the DDNS server in this field. Currently, we support

WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.

Host

Enter the hostname you subscribe from the above DDNS server. For example, zyxel.com.tw.

User

Enter the user name that

Password

Enter the password that the DDNS server gives to you.

Enable Wildcard

Enter the hostname for the wildcard function that the WWW.DYNDNS.ORG supports. Note that Wildcard option is available only when the provider is

WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.

Key Settings for using DDNS function:

Network Management Using SNMP

1. SNMP Overview

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

The

Simple Network Management Protocol

management information between network devices (e.g., routers). By using SNMP, network administrators can

more easily manage network performance, find and solve network problems. The SNMP is a member of the

TCP/IP protocol suite, it uses the UDP to exchange messages between a management Client and an Agent,

residing in a network node.

There are two versions of SNMP: Version 1 and Version 2. ZyXEL supports SNMPv1. Most of the changes

introduced in Version 2 increase SNMP's security capabilities. SNMP encompasses three main areas:

1. A small set of management operations.

2. Definitions of management variables.

3. Data representation.

The operations allowed are: Get, GetNext, Set, and Trap. These functions operate on variables that exist in

network nodes. Examples of variables include statistic counters, node port status, and so on. All of the SNMP

(SNMP) is an applications-layer protocol used to exchange the

management functions are carried out through these simple operations. No action operations are available, but

these can be simulated by the setting of flag variables. For example, to reset a node, a counter variable named

'time to reset' could be set to a value, causing the node to reset after the time had elapsed.

SNMP variables are defined using the OSI Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). ASN.1 specifies how a

variable is encoded in a transmitted data frame; it is very powerful because the encoded data is self-defining.

For example, the encoding of a text string includes an indication that the data unit is a string, along with its

length and value. ASN.1 is a flexible way of defining protocols, especially for network management protocols

where nodes may support different sets of manageable variables.

The net of variables that each node supports is called the

Management Information Base

(MIB). The MIB is

made up of several parts, including the Standard MIB, specified as part of SNMP, and Enterprise Specific MIB,

which are defined by different manufacturer for hardware specific management.

The current Internet-standard MIB, MIB-II, is defined in RFC 1213 and contains 171 objects. These objects are

grouped by protocol (including TCP, IP, UDP, SNMP, and other categories, including 'system' and 'interface.'

The Internet Management Model is as shown in figure 1. Interactions between the NMS and managed devices

can be any of four different types of commands:

6. Reads

Read is used to monitor the managed devices, NMSs read variables that are maintained by the devices.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

7. Writes

Write is used to control the managed devices, NMSs write variables that are stored in the managed

devices.

8. Traversal operations

NMSs use these operations to determine which variables a managed device supports and to sequentially

gather information from variable tables (such as IP routing table) in managed devices.

9. Traps

The managed devices to asynchronously report certain events to NMSs use trap.

2. SNMPv1 Operations

SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol. 4 SNMPv1 operations are defined as below.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

 Get

Allows the NMS to retrieve an object variable from the agent.

 GetNext

Allows the NMS to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a NMS wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.

 Set

Allows the NMS to set values for object variables within an agent.

 Trap

Used by the agent to inform the NMS of some events.

The SNMPv1 message contains two parts. The first part contains a version and a community name. The second

part contains the actual SNMP protocol data unit (PDU) specifying the operation to be performed (Get, Set, and

so on) and the object values involved in the operation. The following figure shows the SNMPv1 message

format.

The SNMP PDU contains the following fields:

 PDU type Specifies the type of PDU.  Request ID Associates requests with responses.  Error status Indicates an error and an error type.  Error index Associates the error with a particular object variable.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

 Variable-bindings Associates particular object with their value.

3. ZyXEL SNMP Implementation

ZyXEL currently includes SNMP support in some ZyXEL routers. It is implemented based on the SNMPv1, so

it will be able to communicate with SNMPv1 NMSs. For SNMPv1 operation, ZyXEL permits one community

string so that the router can belong to only one community and allows trap messages to be sent to only one

NMS manager.

Some traps are sent to the SNMP manager when anyone of the following events happens:

 coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) :

If the machine coldstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

 warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) :

If the machine warmstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

 linkDown (defined in RFC-1215) :

If any link of IDSL or WAN is down, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its

interface index under the interface group.

 linkUp (defined in RFC-1215) :

If any link of IDSL or WAN is up, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its

interface index under the interface group.

 authenticationFailure (defined in RFC-1215) :

When receiving any SNMP get or set requirement with wrong community, this trap is sent to the manager.

1. whyReboot (defined in ZYXEL-MIB) :

When the system is going to restart (warmstart), the trap will be sent with the reason of restart before rebooting.

(i) For intentional reboot:

In some cases (download new files, CI command "sys reboot", ...), reboot is done intentionally. And traps with

the message "System reboot by user !" will be sent.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

(ii) For fatal error :

System has to reboot for some fatal errors. And traps with the message of the fatal code will be sent.

4. Configure the ZyXEL Device for SNMP

The SNMP related settings in the ZyXEL Device are configured in menu 22, SNMP Configuration. The

following steps describe a simple setup procedure for configuring all SNMP settings.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Option

Descriptions

Get Community

Enter the correct Get Community. This Get Community must match the 'Get-' and 'GetNext' community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'.

Set Community

Enter the correct Set Community. This Set Community must match the 'Set-community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'.

Trusted Host

Enter the IP address of the NMS. The ZyXEL Device will only respond to SNMP messages coming from this IP address. If 0.0.0.0 is entered, the ZyXEL Device will

respond to all NMS managers.

Trap Community

Enter the community name in each sent trap to the NMS. This Trap Community must match what the NMS is expecting. The default is 'public'.

Trap Destination

Enter the IP address of the NMS that you wish to send the traps to. If 0.0.0.0 is entered, the ZyXEL Device will not send trap any NMS manager.

Key Settings:

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Using SysLog

4. ZyXEL Device Setup

Configuration:

1. Active, use the space bar to turn on the syslog option.

2. Syslog IP Address, enter the IP address of the UNIX server that you wish to send the syslog.

3. Log Facility, use the space bar to toggle between the 7 different local options.

 UNIX Setup

1. Make sure that your syslogd starts with -r argument.

-r

, this option will enable the facility to receive message from the network using an Internet domain socket with

the syslog services. The default setting is not enabled.

2. Edit the file /etc/syslog.conf by adding the following line at the end of the /etc/syslog.conf file.

local1.* /var/log/zyxel.log

Where /var/log/zyxel.log is the full path of the log file.

3. Restart syslogd.

 CDR log(call messages)

Format:

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Feb 14 16:57:17 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C01 Incoming

Call OK

Feb 14 17:07:18 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C02 Call Terminated

Jul 19 11:28:39 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1,

Data=4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6f7071727374

Jul 19 11:28:56 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1,

Data=4500002c1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e00000000600220008cd40000020405b4

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_CDR, SYSLOG_INFO, String );

String = board xx line xx channel xx, call xx, str

board = the hardware board ID

line = the WAN ID in a board

channel = channel ID within the WAN

call = the call reference number which starts from 1 and increments by 1 for each new call

str = C01 Outgoing Call dev xx ch xx (dev:device No. ch:channel No.)

C01 Incoming Call xxxxBps xxxxx (L2TP,xxxxx means Remote Call ID)

C01 Incoming Call xxxx (means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call ID)

L02 Tunnel Connected(L2TP)

C02 OutCall Connected xxxx (means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call ID)

C02 CLID call refused

L02 Call Terminated

C02 Call Terminated

Example:

 Packet triggered log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PKTTRI, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String );

String = Packet trigger: Protocol=xx Data=xxxxxxxxxx

Protocol: (1:IP 2:IPX 3:IPXHC 4:BPDU 5:ATALK 6:IPNG)

Data: We will send forty-eight Hex characters to the server

Example:

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Jul 19 14:44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=202.132.154.1 Dst=192.168.1.33 UDP

spo=0035 dpo=05d4]}S03>R01mF

Jul 19 14:44:13 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=192.168.1.33 Dst=202.132.154.1

ICMP]}S03>R01mF

Jul 19 11:43:25 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:29 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:34 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:38 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:43 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Opening

 Filter log

This message is available when the 'Log' is enabled in the filter rule setting. The message consists of the packet

header and the log of the filter rules.

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend(SYSLOG_FILLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String );

String = IP[Src=xx.xx.xx.xx Dst=xx.xx.xx.xx prot spo=xxxx dpo=xxxx]S04>R01mD

IP[...] is the packet header and S04>R01mD means filter set 4 (S) and rule 1 (R), match (m) drop (D).

Src: Source Address

Dst: Destination Address

prot: Protocol (TCP,UDP,ICMP)

spo: Source port

dpo: Destination port

Example:

 PPP Log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PPPLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String );

String = ppp:Proto Starting / ppp:Proto Opening / ppp:Proto Closing / ppp:Proto Shutdown

Proto = LCP / ATCP / BACP / BCP / CBCP / CCP / CHAP/ PAP / IPCP /IPXCP

Example:

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Jul 19 11:43:51 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Opening

Jul 19 11:43:55 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Opening

Jul 19 11:44:00 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:05 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:14 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Closing

Using IP Alias

 What is IP Alias?

In a typical environment, a LAN router is required to connect two local networks. The ZyXEL Device can

connect three local networks to the ISP or a remote node, we call this function as 'IP Alias'. In this case, an

internal router is not required. For example, the network manager can divide the local network into three

networks and connect them to the Internet using ZyXEL Device's single user account. See the figure below.

The ZyXEL Device supports three virtual LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface. The first

network can be configured in menu 3.2 as usual. The second and third networks that we call 'IP Alias 1' and 'IP

Alias 2' can be configured in menu 3.2.1-IP Alias Setup.

There are three internal virtual LAN interfaces for the ZyXEL Device to route the packets from/to the three

networks correctly. They are enif0 for the major network, enif0:0 for the IP alias 1 and enif0:1 for the IP alias 2.

Therefore, three routes are created in the ZyXEL Device as shown below when the three networks are

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ras> ip ro st

Dest FF Len Interface Gateway Metric stat Timer Use

192.168.3.0 00 24 enif0:1 192.168.3.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.2.0 00 24 enif0:0 192.168.2.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.1.0 00 24 enif0 192.168.1.1 1 041b 0 0

ras>

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

DHCP= Server TCP/IP Setup:

Client IP Pool:

Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 IP Address= 192.168.1.1

Size of Client IP Pool= 32 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

First DNS Server= From ISP RIP Direction= Both

IP Address= N/A Version= RIP-1

Second DNS Server= From ISP Multicast= None

IP Address= N/A Edit IP Alias= Yes

Third DNS Server= From ISP

IP Address= N/A

DHCP Server Address= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

configured. If the ZyXEL Device's DHCP is also enabled, the IP pool for the clients can be any of the three

networks.

Two new protocol filter interfaces in menu 3.2.1 allow you to accept or deny LAN packets from/to the IP alias

1 and IP alias 2 go through the ZyXEL Device. The filter set in menu 3.1 is used for main network configured

in menu 3.2.

 IP Alias Setup

1. Edit the first network in menu 3.2 by configuring the ZyXEL Device's first LAN IP address.

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DHCP Setup

If the ZyXEL Device's DHCP server is enabled, the IP pool for the clients can be any of the three networks.

TCP/IP Setup

Enter the first LAN IP address for the ZyXEL Device. This will create the first route in the enif0 interface.

Edit IP Alias

Toggle to 'Yes' to enter menu 3.2.1 for setting up the second and third networks.

Menu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup

IP Alias 1= Yes

IP Address= 192.168.2.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-1

Incoming protocol filters=

Outgoing protocol filters=

IP Alias 2= Yes

IP Address= 192.168.3.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-1

Incoming protocol filters=

Outgoing protocol filters=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

IP Alias 1

Toggle to 'Yes' and enter the second LAN IP address for the ZyXEL Device. This will create the second route in the enif0:0 interface.

IP Alias 2

Toggle to 'Yes' and enter the third LAN IP address for the ZyXEL Device. This will create the third route in the enif0:1 interface.

Key Settings:

2. Edit the second and third networks in menu 3.2.1 by configuring the ZyXEL Device's second and third LAN

IP addresses.

Key Settings:

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 Time Service in ZyXEL Device

There is no RTC (Real-Time Clock) chip so the ZyXEL Device should launch a mechanism to get current time

and date from external server in boot time. Time service is implemented by the Daytime protocol(RFC-867),

Time protocol(RFC-868), and NTP protocol(RFC-1305). You have to assign an IP address of a time server and

then, the ZyXEL Device will get the date, time, and time-zone information from this server.

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Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

DHCP= Server TCP/IP Setup:

Client IP Pool:

Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 IP Address= 192.168.1.1

Size of Client IP Pool= 32 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

First DNS Server= From ISP RIP Direction= Both

Using IP Multicast

 What is IP Multicast ?

Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in two ways - unicast or broadcast. Multicast is a third way to deliver IP packets to a group of hosts. Host groups are identified by class D IP addresses, i.e., those with "1110" as their higher-order bits. In dotted decimal notation, host group addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to

239.255.255.255. Among them, 224.0.0.1 is assigned to the permanent IP hosts group, and 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is the protocol used to support multicast groups. The latest

version is version 2 (see RFC2236). IP hosts use IGMP to report their multicast group membership to any

immediate-neighbor multicast routers so the multicast routers can decide if a multicast packet needs to be

forwarded. At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership.

After that, the ZyXEL Device updates the information by periodic queries. The ZyXEL Device implementation

of IGMP is also compatible with version 1. The multicast setting can be turned on or off on Ethernet and remote

nodes.

 IP Multicast Setup

Enable IGMP in ZyXEL Device's LAN in menu 3.2:

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IP Address= N/A Version= RIP-1

Second DNS Server= From ISP Multicast= IGMP-v2

IP Address= N/A Edit IP Alias= No

Third DNS Server= From ISP

IP Address= N/A

DHCP Server Address= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic

Rem IP Addr= N/A

Rem Subnet Mask= N/A

My WAN Addr= N/A

Network Address Translation= SUA Only

Metric= 1

Private= No

RIP Direction= Both

Version= RIP-2B

Multicast= IGMP-v2

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Multicast

IGMP-v1 for IGMP version 1, IGMP-v2 for IGMP version 2.

Enable IGMP in ZyXEL Device's remote node in menu 11.3:

Key Settings:

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Using Traffic Redirect Feature

 What is Traffic Redirect?

Traffic redirect forwards WAN traffic to a backup gateway when ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the Internet

through it's normal gateway. Thus make your backup gateway as an auxiliary backup of your WAN

connection. Once ZyXEL Device detects it's WAN connectivity is broken, ZyXEL Device will try to forward

outgoing traffic to backup gateway that users specify in traffic redirect configuration menu.

 How to deploy backup gateway?

You can deploy the backup gateway on the WAN or LAN of ZyXEL Device. However, if you would like to

deploy the backup gateway on the WAN of ZyXEL Device, please make sure that your ZyXEL Device has a

static WAN IP address at first. Otherwise, we recommend you to deploy the backup gateway on the LAN of

ZyXEL Device.

Traffic Redirect on WAN port

When the ZyXEL Device has a dynamic IP address on it's WAN port, it may be easier to connect backup

gateway to the LAN of the ZyXEL Device.

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Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Menu 11.6 - Traffic Redirect Setup

Active= Yes

Configuration:

Backup Gateway IP Address= 192.168.1.50

Metric= 14

Check WAN IP Address= 202.13.154.1

Fail Tolerance= 5

Period(sec)= 30

Timeout(sec)= 3

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Traffic Redirect on LAN port

 Traffic Redirect Setup

Configure parameters that determine when The ZyXEL Device will forward WAN traffic to the backup

gateway using SMT Menu 11.6-Traffic Redirect Setup.

Key Settings:

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Active

Press [Space BAR] and select Yes (to enable) or No (to disable) traffic redirect setup.

Backup Gateway IP Address

The IP address of your backup gateway. The ZyXEL Device automatically forwards outgoing traffic to this IP address if The ZyXEL Device's Internet connection terminates.

Metric

Enter a number from 1 to 15 to give your traffic redirect route a priority number. The smaller the number, the higher priority the route has.

Check WAN IP Address

Configure a reliable server on Internet (for example, your ISP's DNS server address) for The ZyXEL Device to check it's WAN connectivity periodically. If you leave this field as 0.0.0.0, The ZyXEL Device will check it's default gateway IP address instead.

Fail Tolerance

Specify the number of times your ZyXEL Device may attempt and fail to connect to Internet before triggering traffic redirect connection.

Period

Specify the period that The ZyXEL Device would check it's WAN connectivity.

Timeout

Specify the seconds that The ZyXEL Device would wait for a response from the reliable server.

You can also configure traffic redirect via web configuration. The configuration page is in

ADVANCED/WAN/Traffic Redirect.

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Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)

 1. What is UPnP

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) makes connecting PCs of all form factors, intelligent appliances, and wireless

devices in the home, office, and everywhere in between easier and even automatic by leveraging TCP/IP and

Web technologies. UPnP can be supported on essentially any operating system and works with essentially any type of physical networking media – wired or wireless.

UPnP also supports NAT Traversal which can automatically solve many NAT unfriendly problems. By UPnP,

applications assign the dynamic port mappings to Internet gateway and delete the mappings when the

connections are complete.

The key components in UPnP are devices, services, and control points.

 Devices: Network devices, such as networking gateways, TV, refrigerators, printers...etc, which

provides services.

 Services: Services are provided by devices, such as time services provided by alarm clocks. In

UPnP, services are described in XML format. Control points can set/get services information from devices.

 Control points: Control points can manipulate network devices When you add a new control

point (in this case, a laptop) to a network, the device may ask the network to find UPnP-enabled devices. These devices respond with their URLs and device descriptions.

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UPnP Operations

 Addressing: UPnPv1 devices MAY support IPv4, IPv6, or both. For IPv4, each devices should have DHCP

client, when the device gets connected to the network, it will discover DHCP server on network to get an IP address. If not, then Auto-IP mechanism should be supported so that the device can give itself an IP address.(169.254.0.0/16)

 Discovery: Whenever a device is added on the network, it will advertise it's service over the network.

Control point can also discover services provided by devices.

 Description: Control points can get more detailed service information from devices' description in XML

format. The description may include product name, model name, serial number, vendor ID, and

embedded services...etc.

 Control: Devices can be manipulated by control points through Control message.  Eventing: Devices can send event message to notify control points if there is any update on services

provided.

 Presentation: Each device can provide their own control interface by URL link. So that users can go to

the device's presentation web page by the URL to control this device.

 2. Using UPnP in ZyXEL devices

In this example, we will introduce how to enable UPnP function in ZyXEL devices. Currently, Microsoft MSN

is the most popular application exploiting UPnP, so we take Microsoft MSN application as an example in this

support note. You can learn how MSN benefit from NAT traversal feature in UPnP in this application note.

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In the diagram, suppose PC1 and PC2 both sign in MSN server, and they would like to establish a video

conference. PC1 is behind PPPoE dial-up router which supports UPnP. Since the router supports UPnP, we

don't need to setup NAT mapping for PC1. As long as we enable UPnP function on the router, PC1 will assign

the mapping to the router dynamically. Note that since PC1 must support UPnP, we presume that it's OS is

Microsoft WinME or WinXP.

Device: ZyXEL Router

Service: NAT function provided by Prestige Router

Control Point: PC1

1. Enable UPnP function in the ZyXEL device

Go to Management->UPnP, check two boxes, Enable UPnP service and Allow users to make configuration

changes through UPnP.

The first check box enables UPnP function in this device.

The second check box allow users' application to change configuration in this device. For instance, if you

enable this item, then user's MSN application can assign dynamic port mapping to the router. So that network

administrator don't need to setup SUA port mapping in the router.

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2. After getting IP address, you can go to open MSN application on PC and sign in MSN server.

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3. Start a Video conversation with one online user.

4. On the opposite side, your partner selects Accept to accept your conversation request.

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5. Finally, your video conversation is achieved.

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VoIP Application Notes

Setup SIP Account

VoIP is the sending of voice signals over the Internet Protocol. This allows you to make phone calls and send

faxes over the Internet at a fraction of the cost of using the traditional circuit-switched telephone network.

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting

up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP signaling is separate from

the media for which it handles sessions. The media that is exchanged during the session can use a different path

from that of the signaling. SIP handles telephone calls and can interface with traditional circuit-switched

telephone networks.

The ZyXEL Device can hold up to two SIP account simultaneously please follow the below instruction to

configure the SIP account properly.

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Note: You should have a voice account already set up and have VoIP information from your VoIP service

provider prior to configure SIP account on to the unit.

With the account information your ITSP provided now you may start.

Step 1. Open the web browser from your workstation to connect to the ZyXEL Device by entering the

Management IP address of the ZyXEL Device (LAN IP address). The default management IP of The ZyXEL

Device is 192.168.1.1.

Step 2. Enter the administrator password (The default is '1234') on the login page and click on login.

Step 3. Click VoIP/SIP on the tree menu to bring you to SIP setting page. In the SIP Settings page, use the

account selector on right upper corner of the page to select the SIP account you will like to configure.

Step 4. Check Active Sip Account if you would like to activate this account. After that, fill in the account

information provided by ITSP. Normally that includes SIP number, SIP local port, SIP server address, SIP

server port, Register server port, Register server address, SIP service domain.

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Step 5. Fill in the User ID and password provided by ITSP in the Authentication session.

Step 6. Check Caller ID box if you wish to send caller ID.

Step 7. Associate each phone port with SIP account(s) for both outgoing call and incoming call. The ZyXEL

Device allows you to associate either one or both phone port to single SIP account. Base on SIP account, user

can decide which phone(s) should ring when an incoming call arrives.

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Label

Description

SIP Account

You can configure the ZyXEL Device to use multiple SIP accounts. Select one to configure its settings on the ZyXEL Device.

SIP Number

A SIP account's Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) identifies the SIP account in a way similar to the way an e-mail address identifies an e-mail account. It is also known as a SIP identity or address. The format of a SIP identity is SIP-Number@SIP-Srevice-Domain.

A SIP number is the part of the SIP URI that comes before the "@" symbol. Enter your SIP number in this field. You can use up to 31 ASCII characters.

SIP Local Port

Use this field to configure the ZyXEL Device’s listening port for SIP. Leave this field set to the default if you were not given a local port number for SIP.

SIP Server Address

Type the IP address of the SIP server in this field.

SIP Server Port

Enter the SIP server’s listening port for SIP in this field. Leave this field set

to the default if your VoIP service provider did not give you a local port number for SIP.

A SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register.

Enter the SIP register server’s address in this field.

If you were not given a register server address, then enter the address from the SIP Server Address field again here.

Step 8. Click on Apply to save the setting and take effect. If you would like to configure the 2nd SIP account,

please select SIP2 by using the SIP account selector than follow step 1 to 8 to complete the 2nd account setup.

Note: If more than both SIP number are associated both phone port you will not be able to identify which

account is being called for the incoming call.

Each field's detail description on this page is listed below.

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Enter the SIP register server’s listening port for SIP in this field.

If you were not given a register server port, then enter the port from the SIP Server Port field again here.

SIP Service Domain

A SIP service domain is the domain name that comes after the @ symbol in a full SIP URI.

Enter the SIP service domain name in this field.You can use up to 127 ASCII Extended set characters.

Authentication User ID

This is the user name for registering this SIP account with the SIP register server. Type the user name exactly as it was given to you. Use ASCII characters.

Authentication Password

Type the password associated with the user name above. Use ASCII Extended set characters.

Block Caller ID

Select this check box to not show identification information when you make the VoIP calls. Clear this check box to show identification information when you make VoIP calls.

Apply to

Phone 1 and Phone 2 correspond to the ZyXEL Device’s physical PHONE 1 and 2 ports, respectively. Select whether you want to receive calls for

this SIP account on Phone 1, Phone 2 or both. If you select both, you will not know which SIP account a call is coming in on.

Advanced Settings

Click Settings to open a screen where you can configure the ZyXEL Device’s advanced VoIP settings like SIP server settings, the RTP port range and the coding type.

Apply

Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Reset

Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Advanced voice settings configuration

Advanced voice settings configuration allows user to modify SIP server related settings, RTP port range,

preferred compression type (codec), DTMF type and Message Waiting Indication (MWI).Click VoIP in the

navigation panel and then SIP to open the SIP Settings. Select a SIP account and then click Advanced Settings

to display the following screen.

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Label

Description

SIP Account

You can configure the ZyXEL Device to use multiple SIP accounts. Select one to configure its settings on the ZyXEL Device.

SIP Server Settings

URL Type

Select whether or not to include the SIP service domain name when the ZyXEL Device sends the SIP number.

SIP - include the SIP service domain name TEL - do not include the SIP service domain name.

Expiration

Enter the number of seconds your SIP account is registered with the SIP register server before it is deleted. The ZyXEL Device automatically tries to

Each field is described in the following table.

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Duration

re-register your SIP account when one-half of this time has passed. (The SIP register server might have a different expiration.)

Enter the number of seconds the ZyXEL Device waits before it tries again to register the SIP account, if the first try failed or if there is no response.

Session Expires

Enter the number of seconds the conversation can last before the call is automatically disconnected. Usually, when one-half of this time has passed, the ZyXEL Device or the other party updates this timer to prevent this from happening.

Min-SE

Enter the minimum number of seconds the ZyXEL Device accepts for a session expiration time when it receives a request to start a SIP session. If the request has a shorter time, the ZyXEL Device rejects it.

RTP Port Range

Start Port

End Port

Enter the listening port number(s) for RTP traffic, if your VoIP service provider gave you this information. Otherwise, keep the default values. To enter one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port and End Port fields. To enter a range of ports,

• Enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start Port field

• Enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.

Voice

Compression

Select the type of voice coder/decoder (codec) that you want the ZyXEL Device to use. G.711 provides higher voice quality but requires more bandwidth (64 kbps).

• G.711A is typically used in Europe.

• G.711u is typically used in North America and Japan.

In contrast, G.729 only requires 8 kbps. The ZyXEL Device must use the same codec as the peer. When two SIP devices start a SIP session, they must agree on a codec.

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Primary

CompressionType

Select the ZyXEL Device’s first choice for voice coder/decoder.

Secondary

Compression

Type

Select the ZyXEL Device’s second choice for voice coder/decoder. Select

None if you only want the ZyXEL Device to accept the first choice.

Third

Compression

Type

This field is disabled if Secondary Compression Type is None.

Select the ZyXEL Device’s third choice for voice coder/decoder. Select

None if you only want the ZyXEL Device to accept the first or second choice.

DTMF Mode

Control how the ZyXEL Device handles the tones that your telephone makes when you push its buttons. You should use the same mode your VoIP service provider uses.RFC 2833 - send the DTMF tones in RTP packets PCM - send the DTMF tones in the voice data stream. This method works best when you are using a codec that does not use compression (like G.711). Codecs that use compression (like G.729) can distort the tones.SIP

INFO - send the DTMF tones in SIP messages

STUN

Active

Select this if all of the following conditions are satisfied.

There is a NAT router between the ZyXEL Device and the SIP server

The NAT router is not a SIP ALG.

Your VoIP service provider gave you an IP address or domain name for a

STUN server. Otherwise, clear this field.

Server Address

Enter the IP address or domain name of the STUN server provided by your VoIP service provider.

Server Port

Enter the STUN server’s listening port, if your VoIP service provider gave

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you one.Otherwise, keep the default value.

Use NAT

Active

Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to send SIP traffic to a specific NAT router. You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic with the specified port to the ZyXEL Device. This eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG.

Server Address

Enter the public IP address or domain name of the NAT router.

Server Port

Enter the port number that your SIP sessions use with the public IP address of the NAT router.

Outbound Proxy

Active

Select this if your VoIP service provider has a SIP outbound server to handle the voice calls. This allows the ZyXEL Device to work with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off any SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the ZyXEL Device to keep it from retranslating the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server).

Server Address

Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP outbound proxy server.

Server Port

Enter the SIP outbound proxy server’s listening port, if your VoIP service

provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.

NAT Keep Alive

Active

Select this to stop NAT routers between the ZyXEL Device and SIP server (a SIP proxy server or outbound proxy server) from dropping the SIP session. The ZyXEL Device does this by sending SIP notify messages to the SIP server based on the specified interval.

Keep Alive with SIP Proxy

Select this if the SIP server is a SIP proxy server.

Keep Alive with Outbound Proxy

Select this if the SIP server is an outbound proxy server. You must enable

Outbound Proxy to use this.

Keep Alive

Interval

Enter how often (in seconds) the ZyXEL Device should send SIP notify messages to the SIP server.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

MWI (Message Waiting Indication)

Enable

Select this if you want to hear a waiting (beeping) dial tone on your phone when you have at least one voice message. Your VoIP service provider must support this feature.

Expiration Time

Keep the default value, unless your VoIP service provider tells you to change it.Enter the number of seconds the SIP server should provide the message waiting service each time the ZyXEL Device subscribes to the service. Before this time passes, the ZyXEL Device automatically subscribes again.

Fax Option

This field controls how the ZyXEL Device handles fax messages.

G ． 711 Fax Passthrough

Select this if the ZyXEL Device should use G.711 to send fax messages. The peer devices must also use G.711

T．38 Fax Relay

Select this if the ZyXEL Device should send fax messages as UDP or TCP/IP packets through IP networks. This provides better quality, but it may have interoperability problems. The peer devices must also use T.38

Call Forward

Table

Select which call forwarding table you want the ZyXEL Device to use for incoming calls. You set up these tables in VoIP > Phone Book > Incoming

Call Policy.

Caller Ringing

Enable

Select the check box if you want to specify what tone people hear when they call you. The ZyXEL Device provides a default tone

On Hold

Enable

Select the check box if you want to specify what tone people hear when you put them on hold. The ZyXEL Device provides a default tone

<Back

Click this to return to the SIP Settings screen without saving your changes.

Apply

Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the ZyXEL Device.

Reset

Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Label

Description

SIP TOS Priority Setting

Enter the priority for SIP voice transmissions. The ZyXEL Device creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to voice traffic that it transmits.

RTP TOS Priority Setting

Enter the priority for RTP voice transmissions. The ZyXEL Device creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to RTP traffic that it transmits.

Voice VLAN ID

Select this if the ZyXEL Device has to be a member of a VLAN to communicate with the SIP server. Ask your network administrator, if you are not sure. Enter the VLAN ID provided by your network administrator in the field on the right. Your LAN and gateway must be configured to use VLAN tags.Otherwise, clear this field.

Apply

Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the ZyXEL Device.

Cancel

Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.

Voice QoS

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the

networking methods used to provide bandwidth for real-time multimedia applications.

You can click VoIP -> SIP -> QoS to configure it.

Each field is described in the following table.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Phone port settings

The ZyXEL Device allows you to configure the volume and echo cancellation setting for each individual phone

port.

To configure the phone port setting, please follow the below steps:

Step 1. Open the web browser on your workstation and connect to the ZyXEL device by entering the

management IP address of the ZyXEL device. The default management IP of the ZyXEL device is 192.168.1.1.

Step 2. Enter the administrator password on the page of login and click on login. The default is '1234'

Step 3. Select VoIP / Phone in the tree menu to navigate you to the Phone setting page.

Step 4. Select the phone port you wish to configure by using the phone port selector located on top right of the

phone port configuration page.

Step 5. Change the phone port parameter as desired and click Apply when you finish configuration and want to

apply the settings. To configure the 2nd phone port, use the phone port selector and select phone2 and follow

the steps 1 to 5 to complete the 2nd phone port setup.

Each field's detail description is listed below.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Label

Description

Phone Port Settings

Use this field to select the phone port that you want to configure.

Speaking Volume

Use this field to set the loudness that the ZyXEL Device uses for the speech signal that it sends to the peer device. -1 is the quietest and 1 is the loudest.

Listening Volume

Use this field to set the loudness that the ZyXEL Device uses for the speech signal that it receives from the peer device and sends to your phone. -1 is the quietest and 1 is the loudest.

G.168 Active

Select this check box to cancel the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.

Dialing Interval

Select

Enter the number of seconds the ZyXEL Device should wait after you stop dialing numbers before it makes the phone call. The value depends on how quickly you dial phone numbers. If you select Active Immediate Dial in VoIP > Phone > Common, you can press the pound key (#) to tell the ZyXEL Device to make the phone call immediately, regardless of this setting.

VAD Support

Select this check box to use Voice Activity Detection (VAD) to reduce the bandwidth that a call uses. The ZyXEL Device will generate and send comfort noise when you are not talking.

Dialing Interval

When you are dialing a telephone number the ZyXEL Device waits this long after you stop pressing the buttons before initiating the call. Select how many seconds you want the ZyXEL Device to wait after the last input on the telephone’s keypad before dialing (making) a call.

Apply

Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

<Back

Cancel

Click this to return to the Analog Phone screen without saving your changes.

Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.

Common Phone

You can use the pound key (#) to tell the ZyXEL Device to make the phone call immediately, instead of waiting

the number of seconds you selected in the dialing interval.

Go to VoIP> Phone > Common. Where you can activate it.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Label

Description

Active Immediate

Dial

Select this if you want to use the pound key (#) to tell the ZyXEL Device to make the phone call immediately, instead of waiting the number of seconds you selected in the Dialing Interval Select in VoIP > Phone > Analog Phone.If you select this, dial the phone number, and then press the pound key. The ZyXEL Device makes the call immediately, instead of waiting. You can still wait, if you want.

Apply

Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Cancel

Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.

Label

Description

Each field is described in the following table.

Country Code

Use this screen to maintain settings that often depend on which region of the world the ZyXEL device is in.

To access this screen, click VoIP > Phone > Region.

Each field is described in the following table.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Region Settings

Select the place in which the ZyXEL Device is located. Do not select Default.

Call Service Mode

Select the mode for supplementary phone services (call hold, call waiting, call transfer and three-way conference calls) that your VoIP service provider supports.Europe Type - use supplementary phone services in European mode USA Type - use supplementary phone services American mode You might have to subscribe to these services to use them. Contact your VoIP service provider.

Apply

Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Cancel

Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.

Call Forwarding

Call forwarding function allows users to determine handling of the incoming calls. For example, a user may

decide that all incoming calls will ring his cell phone as well. The following screenshot shows how users can

use this screen to configure the Prestige to block or redirect calls. You can configure a different call forwarding

table for each SIP account or use the same call forwarding table for both.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Unconditional Forward to Number

Enable this feature to have the Prestige forward incoming calls to the number that you configure.

Busy Forward to Number

Enable this feature to have the Prestige forward incoming calls to the number, which you configure when your

SIP account has a call connected.

No Answer Forward to Number

Enable this feature to have the Prestige forward the incoming calls to the number that you configure whenever

you do not answer the call after a specific time period.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Label

Description

Table Number

Select the call-forwarding table you want to see in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.

Forward to Number Setup

The ZyXEL Device checks these rules, in the order in which they appear, after it checks the rules in the Advanced Setup section.

Unconditional

Forward to Number

Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to forward all incoming calls to the specified phone number, regardless of other rules in the Forward to

Number section. Specify the phone number in the field on the right.

Busy Forward to Number

Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to forward incoming calls to the specified phone number if the phone port is busy. Specify the phone number in the field on the right. If you have call waiting, the incoming call is forwarded to the specified phone number if you reject or ignore the second incoming call.

No Answer Forward to Number

Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to forward incoming calls to the specified phone number if the call is unanswered. (See No Answer Waiting

Time.) Specify the phone number in the field on the right.

No Answer

Waiting Time

This field is used by the No Answer Forward to Number feature and No Answer conditions below. Enter the number of seconds the ZyXEL Device

should wait for you to answer an incoming call before it considers the call is unanswered.

Advanced Setup

The ZyXEL Device checks these rules before it checks the rules in the Forward to Number section.

Each field's detail description of the page is listed below.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

# This field is a sequential value, and it is not associated with a specific rule.

The sequence is important, however. The ZyXEL Device checks each rule in order, and it only follows the first one that applies.

Activate

Select this to enable this rule. Clear this to disable this rule.

Incoming Call Number

Enter the phone number to which this rule applies.

Forward to Number

Enter the phone number to which you want to forward incoming calls from the Incoming Call Number. You may leave this field blank, depending on the Condition.

Condition

Select the situations in which you want to forward incoming calls from the

Incoming Call Number, or select an alternative action. Unconditional - The ZyXEL Device immediately forwards any calls from the Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number. Busy - The ZyXEL Device forwards any calls from the Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number when your SIP account already has a

call connected.

No Answer - The ZyXEL Device forwards any calls from the Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number when the call is unanswered. (See No Answer Waiting Time.) Block - The ZyXEL Device rejects calls from the Incoming Call Number. Accept - The ZyXEL Device allows calls from the Incoming Call Number.

You might create a rule with this condition if you do not want incoming calls from someone to be forwarded by rules in the Forward to Number section.

Apply

Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.

Cancel

Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.

Call Hold

Prestige allows user agent to interrupt on the flow of an existing call.

Call hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key.

If you have another call, press the flash key to switch back and forth between the callers A and B by putting

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

either one on hold.

Call Waiting

This allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone number.

If there is a second call to your telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone.

Scenario

A calls B and they start conversation

C calls A

In this scenario, there are 3 kinds of actions available:

Below call flow graphs could help you better understand the call waiting working mechanism.

Scenario 1: If A presses flash key + 0, A will reject C.

Scenario 2: If A presses flash key + 1, A will disconnect B and answer C.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Scenario 3: If A presses flash key + 2, A will put B on hold and answer C.

Three Way Conference

Three Way Conference function that makes it possible to set up a conference call with three subscribers being

all able to participate at the same time.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

To configure Three Way Conference, please follow the below steps:

Step -1. A is on the phone talking with C, A presses the flash key to put the caller on hold and gets a dial

tone.

Step -2. Dial B phone number directly to make another call. Step -3. When the second call is answered, press the flash key and then press “3＂ to create a three-way

conversation.

Step -4. Hang up the phone to drop the connection.

Step -5. If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual connections (one is on-line, the other is on hold), press the flash key and press “2＂.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Call Transfer

This feature allows transferring an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone.

Note: The primary call between user A and user B must be answered before transfer can be initiated.

Three kinds of call transfer service available:

Blind Transfer Consult On - Hold Transfer Attendant Transfer

Application scenario 1: Blind Transfer

A dials to B

B off hooks

A and B start conversation

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

If user A does not want to communicate with user B or user C after call is transferred, user A could choose

Blind Transfer.

To activate Blind Transfer please follow the steps below:

Step 1: A flashes, B MOH (Music On Hold). Step 2: A dials *98# + C’s number.

Step 3: A hears the ring back tone

Step 4: A on hooks

Step 5: C rings, B hears the ring back tone

Step 6: C off hooks, B and C start conversation

Application scenario 2: Consult On - Hold Transfer

A dials to B

B off hooks

A and B conversation

If user A wants to communicate with user C for a while, then drop the connection to let user B and user C keep

communicating, user A could choose Consult Transfer.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

To activate Consult On - hold Transfer please follow the steps below:

Step 1: A flashes, B MOH (Music On Hold). Step 2: A dials *98# + C’s Number.

Step 3: C rings, A hears the ring back tone.

Step 4: C off hooks, A and C start conversation.

Step 5: A on-hooks.

Step 6: B and C start conversation.

Application scenario 3: Attendant Transfer

A dials to B

B off hooks

A and B start Conversation

If user A wants to communicate with user C for a while, then drop the connection to let user B and user C keep

communicating, user A could also choose Attendant Transfer.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

To activate Attendant Transfer please follow the steps below:

Step 1: A flashes, B MOH (Music On Hold).

Step 2: A dials to C.

Step 3: C rings, A hears the ring back tone.

Step 4: C off hooks, A and C start Conversation.

Step 5: A flashes + *98#.

Step 6: B and C start conversation, A hears the busy tone.

Internal Call

This feature is ZyXEL proprietary implementation.

When you have two phones attached to the P2602HWLx phone ports, you just dial "####" on one of the two

phones, another phone will ring.

MWI

Message Waiting Indication is a common feature of telephone networks. It typically involves an audible or

visible indication that messages are waiting, such as playing a special dial tone (which in telephone networks is

called message-waiting dial tone), lighting a light or indicator on the phone, displaying icons or text, or some

combination. Enable Message Waiting Indication (MWI) enables your phone to give you a message–waiting (beeping) dial

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

tone when you have a voice message(s). Your VoIP service provider must have a messaging system that sends

message waiting status SIP packets as defined in RFC 3842.

MWI Call flow:

You may configure MWI feature easily on P2302RL-P1 web GUI: VoIP > Advanced Settings

Music on hold

This feature allows you to put a call on hold and have the other person hear a piece of audio (music, speech, etc.)

you previously recorded.

Application Scenarios:

When one side (A) presses flash or reserve key to put a call on hold, the peer side (B) will receive INVITE

packet with zero IP address in SDP to inform there is no need to send RTP out any more (RFC2543) or change

the attribute field in SDP to recvonly (RFC3261). Phone A generates pre-recorded music from IVR to phone B

directly.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

You may enable Music on Hold feature easily on P2302R-P1C web GUI: VoIP > Advanced Settings

In this graph, Device A has enabled Music on Hold function. Thus when A and B are on a call, and if A holds

the call, B will hear the music tone.

Early Media

Early media allows the Caller to listen to some music being played from the remote side (Can be from the

media server or from the callee) instead of a locally generated ringback tone before the callee answers the

phone.

Early media call flow:

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Enable early media in web configuration: VOIP>Advanced Settings

Call Park / Call Pickup

Call Park/Pickup function allows you to place a call on hold first, then it can be retrieved from another phone in

the system.

For example, if you are on an active call at your phone, you can park the call by press *97# + park number.

Someone on another phone in the system can then dial the call park number to pick-up the call.

Note: The caller must still pay while the call is parked.

When you park the call, you enter a number of your choice (Up to eight digits), which you must enter again

when you pick up the call. If you do not enter the correct number, you cannot pickup the call. This means that

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

only someone who knows the number you have chosen can pick up the call.

You can have more than one call on hold at the same time, but you must give each call a different number.

This example show you how to configure the Call Park and Call Pickup

Phone Configuration:

Press *97# + park number to park the call

Press #97# + park number to pick-up the call

Call Park Call Flow

When a call has established between A and the caller:

To Call Park the call please follow the below steps:

Step 1: User A Press *97# + park number (5000) to park the call

Step 2: Then A hang up the phone

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Call Pickup Call Flow

To pick up the call please only need to input #97# and the park number:

In below graph, user B press #97# + park number (5000) to pick up the call.

Phone book Speed dial

The ZyXEL Device allows you to configure up to 10 SIP numbers in the phone book for speed dial.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

To configure phone book for speed dial, please follow the below steps:

Step 1. Open the web browser from your workstation to connect to the ZyXEL Device by entering the

Management IP address of the ZyXEL Device. The default management IP of the ZyXEL Device is

192.168.1.1.

Step 2. Enter the administrator password appear on the page of login and click on login. The default is '1234'

Step 3. On the left column click on PHONEBOOK to bring you to Speed Dial page to enter phone book

configuration page.

Step 4. Select the entry number you wish to add the to the phone book by the entry selector located under add

new entry category on the speed dial field.

Step 5. Fill in the SIP number of the remote party and a descriptive name and click on the radio button to select

either to use proxy or entering static IP or URL remote peer.

Step 6. Click on Add button when you are finish to add the entry to the phone book.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Label

Description

Add New Entry

Use this section of the screen to edit and save new or existing speed dial phone book entries.

Speed Dial

Select a speed dial key combination from the drop-down list box.

SIP Number

Enter the SIP number of the party that you will call (use the number or text that comes before the @ symbol in a full SIP URI). You can use up to 127 ASCII characters.

Name

Enter a descriptive name to identify the party that you will use this entry to call. You can use up to 127 ASCII characters.

Type

Select Use Proxy if calls to this party use your SIP account configured in the VoIP screen.

Select Non-Proxy (Use IP or URL) if calls to this party use a different SIP

server or go directly to the callee’s VoIP phone (IP-to-IP). Enter the SIP

server’s or the party’s IP address or domain name (up to 127 ASCII

Extended set characters).

Add

Click this button to save the entry in the speed dial phone book. The speed dial entry displays in the Speed Dial Phone Book section of the screen.

Speed Dial Phone Book

This section of the screen displays the currently saved speed dial entries. You can configure up to 10 entries and use them to make calls.

Speed Dial

This is the entry’s speed dial key combination. Press this key combination on a telephone attached to the ZyXEL Device in order to call the party named in this entry.

Name

This is the descriptive name of the party that you will use this speed dial entry to call.

SIP Number

This is the SIP number of the party that you will call.

Type

This field displays Use Proxy if calls to this party use one of your SIP

accounts. This field displays the SIP server’s or the party’s IP address or

domain name if calls to this party do not use one of your SIP accounts.

Delete

Click this button to remove an entry from the speed dial phonebook.

Each field's detail description of the page is listed below.

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

Edit

Click this button to change the speed dial entry. The speed dial entry displays in the Add New Entry section of the screen where you can edit it.

Clear

Click this button to remove all of the entries from the speed dial phonebook.

FAQ

ZyNOS FAQ

What is ZyNOS?

ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on all ZyXEL routers that delivers

network services and applications. It is designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new

features. New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites and public Web

download site as they become available.

How do I access the embedded web configurator?

The Web configurator, a user friendly configuration interface via user's web browser, which can be access by typing in the LAN IP address of the The ZyXEL Device in user’s web browser. To access the ZyXEL

Device's web configurator via web browser, the configuration PC must be in the same IP segment of The

ZyXEL Device and The ZyXEL Device must be reachable to the configuration station. (By default the The

ZyXEL Device LAN IP is 192.168.1.1)

What is the default LAN IP address and Password? Moreover, how do I change it?

The default LAN IP address is "192.168.1.1" and you can change the LAN IP in web configuration menu under

"LAN"->LAN TCP/IP, the default password is 1234. You can change the password once you enter the web

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P2302R-P1C Support Notes

100

configuration menu under "SYSTEM" and press the Password tab. At the password screen type in the old

password and the new password and retype to confirm than press "Apply" button to save the change.

How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via embedded web configurator?

The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via embedded web configurator is as follows.

a. Log on into the web configurator. b. Press "MAINTENANCE" from the left menu. c. Press "F/W Upload" tab. d. Press "browse" button and point to the directory where the firmware you want to upload is kept and

press "Upload" button.

e. It will prompt you the firmware is uploading successful and The ZyXEL Device will reboot.

How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using FTP client program via LAN?

The ZyXEL Device allows you to transfer the firmware from/to The ZyXEL Device by using FTP program via

LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via FTP is as follows.

a. To upgrade firmware, use FTP client program to put firmware in file 'ras' in the ZyXEL Device. After

data transfer is finished, the ZyXEL Device will program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and

reboot itself. Note: Do not power off the unit after upload the file via ftp until the system LED have

become steady light up. Fail to due so may result in update fail and require RMA.

b. To backup your firmware, use the FTP client program to get file 'ras' from the ZyXEL Device.

How do I upload or backup ROMFILE via web configurator?

In some situations, you may need to upload the ROMFILE, restore to previous saved configuration, or the

need of resetting SMT to factory default.

The procedure for uploading ROMFILE via the web configurator is as follows.

a. Log on into the web configurator. b. Press "MAINTENANCE" from the left menu.

ZyXEL Communications P-2302R-P1C User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual