Site Survey.......................................................................................................................................... 46
Why none of the LEDs turn on when connect the Prestige’s power?................................................. 71
Why cannot access the Prestige from my computer?......................................................................... 71
Why cannot access the Internet?......................................................................................................... 71
Unable to run applications.................................................................................................................. 73
All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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P320W Support Notes
Application Notes
General Application Notes
Internet Connection
A typical Internet access application of the Prestige is shown below. For a small office, there are some
components needs to be checked before accessing the Internet.
• Before you begin
• Setting up the Windows
• Setting up the Prestige router
• Troubleshooting
• Before you begin
The Prestige is shipped with the following factory default:
2. DHCP server enabled with IP pool starting from 192.168.1.33
• Setting up the PC (Windows OS)
1. Ethernet connection
All PCs must have an Ethernet adapter card installed.
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P320W Support Notes
• If you only have one PC, connect the PC's Ethernet adapter to the Prestige's LAN port with a
Ethernet cable.
• If you have more than one PC, both the PC's Ethernet adapters and the Prestige's LAN port must
be connected to an external hub with straight Ethernet cable.
2. TCP/IP Installation
You must first install TCP/IP software on each PC before you can use it for Internet access. If you have
already installed TCP/IP, go to the next section to configure it; otherwise, follow these steps to install:
• In the Control Panel/Network window, click Add button.
• In the Select Network Component Type windows, select Protocol and click Add.
• In the Select Network Protocol windows, select Microsoft from the manufacturers, then select
TCP/IP from the Network Protocols and click OK.
3. TCP/IP Configuration
Follow these steps to configure Windows TCP/IP:
• In the Control Panel/Network window, click the TCP/IP entry to select it and click Properties
button.
• In the TCP/IP Properties window, select obtain an IP address automatically.
Note: Do not assign arbitrary IP address and subnet mask to your PCs, otherwise, you will not be able to
access the Internet.
• Click the WINS configuration tab and select Disable WINS Resolution.
• Click the Gateway tab. Highlight any installed gateways and click the Remove button until there
are none listed.
• Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS.
• Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP properties window
• Click OK to close the Network window. You will be prompted to insert your Windows CD or disk.
When the drivers are updated, you will be asked if you want to restart the PC. Make sure your
Prestige is powered on before answering Yes to the prompt. Repeat the above steps for each
Windows PC on your network.
• Setting up the Prestige router
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P320W Support Notes
The following procedure is for the most typical usage of the Prestige where you have a single-user
account (SUA). The Prestige supports embedded web server that allows you to use Web browser to
configure it.
1. Retrieve Prestige Web
Please enter the LAN IP address of the Prestige router in the URL location to retrieve the web screen from the
Prestige. The default LAN IP of the Prestige is 192.168.1.1. See the example below. Note that you can either
use
http://192.168.1.1
2. Login first
The default password is the ‘1234’.
3. Configure Prestige for Internet access on Network > WAN > Internet Connection
The Web screen shown below takes PPPoE as the example.
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P320W Support Notes
Select “Get automatically from ISP” if the ISP provides the IP dynamically, otherwise select “Use
Fixed IP address” and enter the static IP given by ISP in the box following “MY WAN IP Address”
field.
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P320W Support Notes
Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA
• Introduction
If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users,
even though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is
identified by the port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the Prestige, a
server must have a fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each
time it is powered on.
In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does
not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not
defined, the service request is simply discarded.
• Configuration
To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside
address of the server in Network > NAT > Port Forwarding. The outside users can access the local server
using the Prestige's
WAN IPaddress.
For example (Configuring internal FTP, Telnet, and emule server for outside access) each on a different
PC you would have to make configuration as follow:
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P320W Support Notes
• Port numbers for some common services
ServicePort Number
FTP 21
Telnet 23
SMTP 25
DNS (Domain Name Server) 53
www-http (Web) 80
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All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P320W Support Notes
Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
1. What is DDNS?
The DDNS service, an IP Registry provides a public central database where information such as email
addresses, hostnames, IPs etc. can be stored and retrieved. This solves the problems if your DNS server
uses an IP associated with dynamic IPs.
Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the Prestige to access the internal server.
It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the Prestige, you apply a
DNS name (e.g., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server. The outside
users can always access the web server using the www.zyxel.com.tw regardless of the WAN IP of the
Prestige.
When the ISP assigns the Prestige a new IP, the Prestige must inform the DDNS server the change of this
IP so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS server is
updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., www.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable.
The DDNS server stores password-protected email addresses with IPs and hostnames and accepts queries
based on email addresses. So, there must be an email entry in the Prestige menu 1.
The DDNS servers the Prestige supports currently is
WWW.DYNDNS.ORG where you apply the DNS
from and update the WAN IP to.
• Setup the DDNS
• Before configuring the DDNS settings in the Prestige, you must register an account from the
DDNS server such as WWW.DYNDNS.ORG first. After the registration, you have a hostname for
your internal server and a password using to update the IP to the DDNS server.
• Go to menu Maintenance > System > Dynamic DNS to configure DDNS
All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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P320W Support Notes
Key Settings for using DDNS function:
OptionDescription
Enter the DDNS server in this field. Currently, we support
Service Provider
WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.
Active
Toggle to
'Yes'.
Enter the hostname you subscribe from the above DDNS server. For example,
Host
zyxel.com.tw.
User Name
Password
Enter the user name that
Enter the password that the DDNS server gives to you.
Enter the hostname for the wildcard function that the
Enable Wildcard
supports. Note that Wildcard option is available only when the provider is
WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.
Network Management Using SNMP
WWW.DYNDNS.ORG
1. SNMP Overview
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an applications-layer protocol used to exchange
the management information between network devices (e.g., routers). By using SNMP, network
administrators can more easily manage network performance, find and solve network problems. The
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P320W Support Notes
SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite, it uses the UDP to exchange messages between a
management Client and an Agent, residing in a network node.
There are two versions of SNMP: Version 1 and Version 2. ZyXEL supports SNMPv1. Most of the
changes introduced in Version 2 increase SNMP's security capabilities. SNMP encompasses three main
areas:
1. A small set of management operations.
2. Definitions of management variables.
3. Data representation.
The operations allowed are: Get, GetNext, Set, and
Trap. These functions operate on variables that exist
in network nodes. Examples of variables include statistic counters, node port status, and so on. All of the
SNMP management functions are carried out through these simple operations. No action operations are
available, but these can be simulated by the setting of flag variables. For example, to reset a node, a
counter variable named 'time to reset' could be set to a value, causing the node to reset after the time had
elapsed.
SNMP variables are defined using the OSI Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). ASN.1 specifies how
a variable is encoded in a transmitted data frame; it is very powerful because the encoded data is
self-defining. For example, the encoding of a text string includes an indication that the data unit is a string,
along with its length and value. ASN.1 is a flexible way of defining protocols, especially for network
management protocols where nodes may support different sets of manageable variables.
The net of variables that each node supports is called the Management Information Base (MIB). The
MIB is made up of several parts, including the Standard MIB, specified as part of SNMP, and Enterprise
Specific MIB, which are defined by different manufacturer for hardware specific management.
The current Internet-standard MIB, MIB-II, is defined in RFC 1213 and contains 171 objects. These
objects are grouped by protocol (including TCP, IP, UDP, SNMP, and other categories, including 'system'
and 'interface.'
The Internet Management Model is as shown in figure 1. Interactions between the NMS and managed
devices can be any of four different types of commands:
6. Reads
Read is used to monitor the managed devices, NMSs read variables that are maintained by the
devices.
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P320W Support Notes
7. Writes
Write is used to control the managed devices, NMSs write variables that are stored in the managed
devices.
8. Traversal operations
NMSs use these operations to determine which variables a managed device supports and to
sequentially gather information from variable tables (such as IP routing table) in managed devices.
9. Traps
The managed devices to asynchronously report certain events to NMSs use trap.
2. SNMPv1 Operations
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol. 4 SNMPv1 operations are defined as below.
All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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P320W Support Notes
•Get
Allows the NMS to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
•GetNext
Allows the NMS to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In
SNMPv1, when a NMS wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get
operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
•Set
Allows the NMS to set values for object variables within an agent.
•Trap
Used by the agent to inform the NMS of some events.
The SNMPv1 messages contains two part. The first part contains a version and a community name. The
second part contains the actual SNMP protocol data unit (PDU) specifying the operation to be performed
(Get, Set, and so on) and the object values involved in the operation. The following figure shows the
SNMPv1 message format.
The SNMP PDU contains the following fields:
• PDU type Specifies the type of PDU.
• Request ID Associates requests with responses.
• Error status Indicates an error and an error type.
• Error index Associates the error with a particular object variable.
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P320W Support Notes
• Variable-bindings Associates particular object with their value.
3. ZyXEL SNMP Implementation
ZyXEL currently includes SNMP support in some Prestige routers. It is implemented based on the
SNMPv1, so it will be able to communicate with SNMPv1 NMSs. For SNMPv1 operation, ZyXEL
permits one community string so that the router can belong to only one community and allows trap
messages to be sent to only one NMS manager.
Some traps are sent to the SNMP manager when anyone of the following events happens:
• coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) :
If the machine coldstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.
• warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) :
If the machine warmstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.
• linkDown (defined in RFC-1215) :
If any link of WAN is down, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its
interface index under the interface group.
• linkUp (defined in RFC-1215) :
If any link of WAN is up, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its
interface index under the interface group.
• authenticationFailure (defined in RFC-1215) :
When receiving any SNMP get or set requirement with wrong community, this trap is sent to the
manager.
1. whyReboot (defined in ZYXEL-MIB) :
When the system is going to restart (warmstart), the trap will be sent with the reason of restart before
rebooting.
(i) For intentional reboot:
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P320W Support Notes
In some cases (download new files, CI command "sys reboot", ...), reboot is done intentionally. And traps
with the message "System reboot by user!" will be sent.
(ii) For fatal error:
System has to reboot for some fatal errors. And traps with the message of the fatal code will be sent.
4. Configure the Prestige for SNMP
The SNMP related settings in Prestige are configured in Management > Remote Management > SNMP
The following screenshot describe a simple setup procedure for configuring all SNMP setting s.
Key Settings:
Option Descriptions
Enter the correct Get Community. This Get Community must match the 'Get-' and
Get Community
'GetNext' community requested from the NMS.
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P320W Support Notes
Set Community
Enter the correct Set Community. This Set Community must match the
'Set-community requested from the NMS.
Using Prestige traffic redirect
• What is Traffic Redirect?
Traffic redirect forwards WAN traffic to a backup gateway when Prestige cannot connect to the Internet
through its normal gateway. Thus make your backup gateway as an auxiliary backup of your WAN
connection. Once Prestige detects it's WAN connectivity is broken, Prestige will try to forward outgoing
traffic to backup gateway that users specify in traffic redirect configuration menu.
• How to deploy backup gateway?
You can deploy the backup gateway on LAN of Prestige.
Traffic Redirect on LAN port
• Traffic Redirect Setup
Configure parameters that determine when Prestige will forward WAN traffic to the backup gateway
using web configuration. The configuration page is in Network > WAN > Traffic Redirect.
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All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P320W Support Notes
Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)
• 1. What is UPnP
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) makes connecting PCs of all form factors, intelligent appliances, and
wireless devices in the home, office, and everywhere in between easier and even automatic by leveraging
TCP/IP and Web technologies. UPnP can be supported on essentially any operating system and works
with essentially any type of physical networking media – wired or wireless.
UPnP also supports NAT Traversal which can automatically solve many NAT unfriendly problems. By
UPnP, applications assign the dynamic port mappings to Internet gateway and delete the mappings when
the connections are complete.
The key components in UPnP are devices, services, and control points.
•Devices: Network devices, such as networking gateways, TV, refrigerators, printers...etc, which
provides services.
•Services: Services are provided by devices, such as time services provided by alarm clocks. In
UPnP, services are described in XML format. Control points can set/get services information from
devices.
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P320W Support Notes
•Control points: Control points can manipulate network devices when you add a new control point
(in this case, a laptop) to a network, the device may ask the network to find UPnP-enabled devices.
These devices respond with their URLs and device descriptions.
UPnP Operations
•Addressing: UPnPv1 devices MAY support IPv4, IPv6, or both. For IPv4, each devices should
have DHCP client, when the device gets connected to the network, it will discover DHCP server
on network to get an IP address. If not, then Auto-IP mechanism should be supported so that the
device can give itself an IP address.(169.254.0.0/16)
• work, it will advertise it's service over the
Discovery: Whenever a device is added on the net
network. Control point can also discover services provided by devices.
• om devices' description in
Description: Control points can get more detailed service information fr
XML format. The description may include product name, model name, serial number, vendor ID,
and embedded services...etc.
• ipulated by control points through Control message.
Control: Devices can be man
•Eventing: Devices can send event message to notify control points if there is
any update on
services provided.
• device can provide their own control interface by URL link. So that users can
Presentation: Each
go to the device's presentation web page by the URL to control this device.
• 2. Using UPnP in ZyXEL devices
All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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P320W Support Notes
In tnable UPnP function in ZyXEL devices. Currently, Microsoft
his example, we will introduce how to e
MSN is the most popular application exploiting UPnP, so we take Microsoft MSN application as an
example in this support note. You can learn how MSN benefit from NAT traversal feature in UPnP in this
application note.
In the diagram, su
ppose PC1 and PC2 both sign in MSN server, and they would like to establish a video
conference. PC1 is behind PPPoE dial-up router which supports UPnP. Since the router supports UPnP,
we don't need to setup NAT mapping for PC1. As long as we enable UPnP function on the router, PC1
will assign the mapping to the router dynamically. Note that since PC1 must support UPnP, we presume
that it's OS is Microsoft WinME or WinXP.
Device: P320W
Service: NAT function provided by Prestige Router
Control Point: PC
1. Enable UPnP fun
Go to Management->UPnP, check Enable
1
ction in ZyXEL device
UPnP service.
This check box enables UPnP function in this device.
All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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P320W Support Notes
2. After getting IP address, you can go to open MSN application on PC and sign in MSN server.
3. Start a Video conversation with one online user.
4. On the opposite side, your partner select Accept to accept your conversation request.
All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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P320W Support Notes
5. Finally, your video conversation is achieved.
All contents copyright (c) 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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