ZyXEL Communications 2802HWL-IX User Manual

Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix
Support Notes
Version 3.40
Jun. 2007
Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Index
Application Notes ..........................................................................................9
General Application Notes.....................................................................................9
Internet Connection................................................................................................9
Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay............................................................13
Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA..................................................15
Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA........................................................16
Using NAT / Multi-NAT..............................................................................20
Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)...............................................................39
Network Management Using SNMP...........................................................41
Using syslog.................................................................................................48
Using IP Alias ..............................................................................................51
Using IP Multicast .......................................................................................53
Using Prestige traffic redirect......................................................................55
Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)...........................................................58
Wireless Application Notes..................................................................................64
Infrastructure mode......................................................................................64
Wireless MAC address filtering...................................................................68
WEP configuration (Wired Equivalent Privacy)..........................................70
Configuring 802.1x......................................................................................77
Site Survey...................................................................................................88
PSTN Lifeline Application Notes........................................................................92
Usage of PSTN Lifeline...............................................................................92
Lifeline configuration ..................................................................................93
Relay to PSTN .............................................................................................94
How to connect Lifeline and DSL connection.............................................94
VoIP Application Notes........................................................................................96
Setup SIP Account.......................................................................................96
Peer to Peer call ...........................................................................................99
Phone port settings.....................................................................................103
Advanced voice settings configuration......................................................105
Phone book Speed dial...............................................................................108
Voice - QoS setup......................................................................................111
Call Forwarding setup................................................................................115
Voice – Common Settings.........................................................................118
FAQ .............................................................................................................119
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
ZyNOS FAQ ......................................................................................................119
What is ZyNOS?........................................................................................119
How do I access the embedded web configurator?....................................120
What is the default LAN IP address and Password? Moreover, how do I
change it?...................................................................................................120
How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via embeded web
configurator?..............................................................................................120
How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using FTP client
program via LAN?.....................................................................................120
How do I upload or backup ROMFILE via web configurator?.................121
How do I backup/restore configurations by using FTP client program via
LAN?..........................................................................................................121
Why can't I make Telnet to Prestige from WAN?.....................................121
What should I do if I forget the system password?....................................122
What is SUA? When should I use SUA?...................................................122
What is the difference between NAT and SUA?.......................................122
How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?.............................123
What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.............................................123
Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?............................123
Product FAQ ......................................................................................................123
What is the Prestige Integrated Access Device?........................................123
Will the Prestige work with my Internet connection?................................124
What do I need to use the Prestige?...........................................................124
What is PPPoE? .........................................................................................124
Does the Prestige support PPPoE?.............................................................124
How do I know I am using PPPoE?...........................................................124
Why does my provider use PPPoE?...........................................................125
Which Internet Applications can I use with the Prestige? .........................125
How can I configure the Prestige?.............................................................125
What network interface does the Prestige support?...................................125
What can we do with Prestige?..................................................................125
Does Prestige support dynamic IP addressing?.........................................125
What is the difference between the internal IP and the real IP from my ISP?
....................................................................................................................125
How does e-mail work through the Prestige?............................................126
Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside
Internet? If possible, how?.........................................................................126
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
What DHCP capability does the Prestige support?....................................126
How do I used the reset button, more over what field of parameter will be
reset by reset button? .................................................................................126
What network interface does the new Prestige series support?.................127
How does the Prestige support TFTP?.......................................................127
Can the Prestige support TFTP over WAN? ..............................................127
How fast can the data go?..........................................................................127
What is Multi-NAT? ..................................................................................128
When do I need Multi-NAT? .....................................................................128
What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support? .....................................129
What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT? .............................130
What is BOOTP/DHCP?............................................................................130
What is DDNS?..........................................................................................130
When do I need DDNS service?................................................................131
What DDNS servers does the Prestige support?........................................131
What is DDNS wildcard?...........................................................................131
Does the Prestige support DDNS wildcard?..............................................131
Can the Prestige SUA handle IPsec packets sent by the VPN gateway
behind Prestige?.........................................................................................131
How do I setup my Prestige for routing IPsec packets over SUA?...........132
PSTN Lifeline FAQ ...........................................................................................132
What is P2802 and what is the difference between P2802HW and
P2802HWL? ..............................................................................................132
What does Lifeline mean? .........................................................................132
Do I need Lifeline? ....................................................................................132
Can I connect more than one phone on the phone port?............................132
Can I receive incoming PSTN call through P2802HWL ?........................132
Can I make an outgoing PSTN call through P2802HWL ?.......................133
VoIP FAQ...........................................................................................................133
What is Voice over IP?..............................................................................133
How does Voice over IP work?.................................................................133
Why use VoIP?..........................................................................................133
What is the relationship between codec and VoIP?...................................133
What advantage does Voice over IP can provide?.....................................134
What is the difference between H.323 and SIP?........................................134
Can H.323 and SIP interoperate with one another?...................................134
What is voice quality?................................................................................134
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
How are voice quality normally rated?......................................................134
What is codec?...........................................................................................134
What is the relation of codec and VoIP? ...................................................135
What codec does Prestige support?............................................................135
Which codec should I choose?...................................................................135
What do I need in order to use SIP? ..........................................................135
Unable to register with the SIP server?......................................................136
I can register but can not establish a call?..................................................136
I can make a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?.............136
I can receive a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?..........136
If all the about have been tried, but register still fail what should I do?....136
I suspect there is a hardware problem with my Prestige what should I do?137
Firewall FAQ .....................................................................................................137
What is a network firewall?.......................................................................137
What makes Prestige firewall secure? .......................................................137
What are the basic types of firewalls? .......................................................137
What kind of firewall is the Prestige?........................................................138
Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet filtering and
NAT built-in?.............................................................................................138
What is Denials of Service (DoS)attack?...................................................139
What is Ping of Death attack?....................................................................139
What is Teardrop attack?...........................................................................139
What is SYN Flood attack?........................................................................139
What is LAND attack?...............................................................................140
What is Brute-force attack? .......................................................................140
What is IP Spoofing attack?.......................................................................140
What are the default ACL firewall rules in Prestige?................................140
How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?.........................................141
Content Filter FAQ ............................................................................................142
IPSec FAQ .........................................................................................................142
What is VPN? ............................................................................................142
Why do I need VPN?.................................................................................142
What are most common VPN protocols?...................................................143
What is PPTP? ...........................................................................................143
What is L2TP? ...........................................................................................143
What is IPSec?...........................................................................................143
What secure protocols does IPSec support? ..............................................144
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
What are the differences between 'Transport mode' and 'Tunnel mode?...144
What is SA? ...............................................................................................144
What is IKE?..............................................................................................144
What is Pre-Shared Key?...........................................................................145
What are the differences between IKE and manual key VPN? .................145
What is Phase 1 ID for?.............................................................................145
What are Local ID and Peer ID?................................................................145
When should I use FQDN?........................................................................146
Is my Prestige ready for IPSec VPN?........................................................146
How do I configure Prestige VPN? ...........................................................146
How many VPN connections does Prestige support?................................146
What VPN protocols are supported by Prestige?.......................................147
What types of encryption does Prestige VPN support?.............................147
What types of authentication does Prestige VPN support? .......................147
I am planning my Prestige-to-Prestige VPN configuration. What do I need
to know?.....................................................................................................147
Does Prestige support dynamic secure gateway IP?..................................148
What VPN gateway that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......148
What VPN software that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......148
Will ZyXEL support Secure Remote Management?..................................149
Does Prestige VPN support NetBIOS broadcast? .....................................149
Is the host behind NAT allowed to use IPSec? ..........................................149
Where can I configure Phase 1 ID in Prestige? .........................................149
If I have NAT router between two VPN gateways, and I would like to use
IP type as Phase 1 ID, what should I know?..............................................150
How can I keep a tunnel alive?..................................................................151
Single, Range, Subnet, which types of IP address do Prestige
10/10II/10W/50/100 support in VPN/IPSec? ............................................151
Can Prestige support IPSec passthrough?..................................................151
Can Prestige behave as a NAT router supporting IPSec passthrough and an
IPSec gateway simultaneously?.................................................................152
Wireless FAQ.....................................................................................................152
What is a Wireless LAN ? .........................................................................152
What are the advantages of Wireless LANs ? ...........................................152
What are the disadvantages of Wireless LANs ?.......................................153
Where can you find wireless 802.11 networks ? .......................................153
What is an Access Point ?..........................................................................153
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
What is IEEE 802.11 ?...............................................................................153
What is 802.11b ? ......................................................................................154
How fast is 802.11b ?.................................................................................154
What is 802.11a ?.......................................................................................154
What is 802.11g ? ......................................................................................154
Is it possible to use products from a variety of vendors ?..........................154
What is Wi-Fi ?..........................................................................................155
What types of devices use the 2.4GHz Band ?..........................................155
Does the 802.11 interfere with Bluetooth devices ?..................................155
Can radio signals pass through walls ?......................................................155
What are potential factors that may causes interference among WLAN
products ?...................................................................................................155
What's the difference between a WLAN and a WWAN ?.........................156
What is Ad Hoc mode ?.............................................................................156
What is Infrastructure mode ?....................................................................156
How many Access Points are required in a given area ?...........................156
What is Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Technology – (DSSS) ?........156
What is Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum Technology – (FHSS) ? ...157
Do I need the same kind of antenna on both sides of a link ?....................157
Why the 2.4 Ghz Frequency range ?..........................................................157
What is Server Set ID (SSID) ? .................................................................157
What is an ESSID ?....................................................................................157
How do I secure the data across an Access Point's radio link ?.................158
What is WEP ?...........................................................................................158
What is the difference between 40-bit and 64-bit WEP ?.......................158
What is a WEP key ? ..............................................................................158
A WEP key is a user defined string of characters used to encrypt and
decrypt data ?.............................................................................................158
Can the SSID be encrypted ? ..................................................................158
By turning off the broadcast of SSID, can someone still sniff the SSID ?159
What are Insertion Attacks ?......................................................................159
What is Wireless Sniffer ? .........................................................................159
What is the difference between Open System and Shared Key of
Authentication Type ?................................................................................159
What is 802.1x ? ........................................................................................159
What is the difference between No authentication required, No access
allowed and Authentication required ?......................................................160
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
What is AAA ?...........................................................................................160
What is RADIUS ?.....................................................................................160
What is WPA ?...........................................................................................160
What is WPA-PSK?...................................................................................161
Trouble Shooting.......................................................................................161
Using Embedded Packet Trace ..........................................................................161
Debug PPPoE Connection .................................................................................176
CLI Command List.....................................................................................187
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Application Notes
General Application Notes
Internet Connection
A typical Internet access application of the Prestige is shown below. For a small office, there are some components needs to be checked before accessing the Internet.
Before you begin
Setting up the Windows
Setting up the Prestige router
Troubleshooting
Before you begin
The Prestige is shipped with the following factory default:
1. IP address = 192.168.1.1, subnet mask = 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
2. DHCP server enabled with IP pool starting from 192.168.1.33
3. Default SMT menu password = 1234
Setting up the PC (Windows OS)
1. Ethernet connection
All PCs must have an Ethernet adapter card installed.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
If you only have one PC, connect the PC's Ethernet adapter to the Prestige's LAN port with a
crossover (red one) Ethernet cable.
If you have more than one PC, both the PC's Ethernet adapters and the Prestige's LAN port must
be connected to an external hub with straight Ethernet cable.
2. TCP/IP Installation
You must first install TCP/IP software on each PC before you can use it for Internet access. If you have already installed TCP/IP, go to the next section to configure it; otherwise, follow these steps to install:
In the Control Panel/Network window, click Add button.
In the Select Network Component Type windows, select Protocol and click Add.
In the Select Network Protocol windows, select Microsoft from the manufacturers, then select
TCP/IP from the Network Protocols and click OK.
3. TCP/IP Configuration
Follow these steps to configure Windows TCP/IP:
In the Control Panel/Network window, click the TCP/IP entry to select it and click Properties
button.
In the TCP/IP Properties window, select obtain an IP address automatically.
Note: Do not assign arbitrary IP address and subnet mask to your PCs, otherwise, you will not be able to access the Internet.
Click the WINS configuration tab and select Disable WINS Resolution.
Click the Gateway tab. Highlight any installed gateways and click the Remove button until there
are none listed.
Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS.
Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP properties window
Click OK to close the Network window. You will be prompted to insert your Windows CD or disk.
When the drivers are updated, you will be asked if you want to restart the PC. Make sure your Prestige is powered on before answering Yes to the prompt. Repeat the above steps for each Windows PC on your network.
Setting up the Prestige router
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
The following procedure is for the most typical usage of the Prestige where you have a single-user account (SUA). The Prestige supports embedded web server that allows you to use Web browser to configure it. Before configuring the router using Browser please be sure there is no Telnet or Console login.
1. Retrieve Prestige Web
Please enter the LAN IP address of the Prestige router in the URL location to retrieve the web screen from the Prestige. The default LAN IP of the Prestige is 192.168.1.1. See the example below. Note that you can either use http://192.168.1.1
2. Login first
The default password is the default WEB GUI password, '1234'.
3. Configure Prestige for Internet access by using WIZARD SETUP
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
The Web screen shown below takes PPPoE as the example.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay
What is DHCP Relay?
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P2802 supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured as DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to the LAN clients. When it is configured as DHCP relay, it is reponsable for forwarding the requests and responses negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Client
1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in Network>LAN>DHCP Setup and enter the IP address of the DHCP server in the 'Remote DHCP Server' field.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA
Introduction
If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users, even though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the Prestige, a server must have a fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each time it is powered on.
In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Configuration
To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of the server in 'Network>NAT>Port Forwarding', Port Forwarding Configuration. The outside users can access the local server using the Prestige's
WAN IP
address.
For example (Configuring an internal Web server for outside access) :
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Port numbers for some services
Service Port Number
FTP 21
Telnet 23
SMTP 25
DNS (Domain Name Server) 53
www-http (Web) 80
Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA
Introduction
PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets to be encapsulated within Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP network, including the Internet itself.
In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to establish an IP connection with a tunnel server such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access Server.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure,optimized multiple-protocol network connection over dial-up telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be encrypted and compressed, and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet.
Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack
PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system. Since PPTP encapsulates its data stream in the PPP protocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.
The PPTP is supported in Windows NT and Windows 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs to be upgraded by the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.
Configuration
This application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote private network in the Prestige SUA case. In ZyNOS, all PPTP packets can be forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server) behind SUA. The port number of the PPTP has to be Configure in the WEB GUI Network > NAT > Port
Forwarding
for Prestige to forward to the appropriate private IP address of Windows NT server.
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Example
Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the Prestige and then establish a tunnel to a private network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT), PPTP client (Win9x) and the Prestige.
o PPTP server setup (WinNT)
Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network Add an user account for PPTP logged on user Enable RAS port Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI Set the Internet gateway to Prestige
o PPTP client setup (Win9x)
Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correct
username & password and the IP address of the Prestige's Internet IP address for logging to NT RAS server.
Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP
o Prestige router setup
Before making a VPN connection from Win9x to WinNT server, you need to connect Prestige
router to your ISP first.
Go to WEB GUI “Network>NAT>Port Forwarding”. Enter the IP address of the PPTP server
(WinNT server) and specify the Service Name for PPTP as shown below.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achieve, you can place a VPN call from the remote Win9x client.
For example:
C:\ping 203.66.113.2
When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic through that connection. Therefore, the output below shows the default gateway of the Win9x client after the dial-up connection has been established.
Before making a VPN connection from the Win9x client to the NT server, you need to know the exact Internet IP address that the ISP assigns to Prestige router in SUA mode and enter this IP address in the VPN dial-up dialog box. You can check this Internet IP address from PNC Monitor or WEB GUI Status page. If the Internet IP address is a fixed IP address provided by ISP in SUA mode, then you can always use this IP address for reaching the VPN server.
In the following example, the IP address '140.113.1.225' is dynamically assigned by ISP. You must enter this IP address in the 'VPN Server' dialog box for reaching the PPTP server. After the VPN link is established, you can start the network protocol application such as IP, IPX and NetBEUI.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Using NAT / Multi-NAT
What is Multi-NAT?
NAT (Network Address Translation-NAT RFC 1631) is the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One network is designated the
inside
network and the other is the
outside
. Typically, a company maps its local inside network addresses to one or more global outside IP addresses and "unmaps" the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses. The IP addresses for the NAT can be either fixed or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. In such case, all incoming connections to your network will be filtered out by the Prestige, thus preventing intruders from probing your network.
The SUA feature that the Prestige supports previously operates by mapping the private IP addresses to a global IP address. It is only one subset of the NAT. The Prestige with ZyNOS V3.40 supports the most of the features of the NAT based on RFC 1631, and we call this feature as 'Multi-NAT'. For more information on IP address translation, please refer to RFC 1631,
How NAT works
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The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)
.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
If we define the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA), see the following figure. The term 'inside' refers to the set of networks that are subject to translation. NAT operates by mapping the ILA to the IGA required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers) and then forwards each packet to the Internet ISP, thus making them appear as if they had come from the NAT system itself (e.g., the Prestige router). The Prestige keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored.
1. NAT Mapping Types
NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:
2. One to One
In One-to-One mode, the Prestige maps one ILA to one IGA.
3. Many to One
In Many-to-One mode, the Prestige maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option in today's routers).
4. Many to Many Overload
In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the Prestige maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
5. Many to Many No Overload
In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the Prestige maps each ILA to unique IGA.
Server
In Server mode, the Prestige maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.
The following table summarizes these types.
NA T Type IP Mapping
Mapping Direction
One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1 Both
ILA1---->IGA1
Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)
ILA2---->IGA1
Outgoing
... ILA1---->IGA1
ILA2---->IGA2
Many-to-Many Overload
ILA3---->IGA1
Outgoing ILA4---->IGA2 ...
ILA1---->IGA1
Many-to-Many No Overload
(Allocate by Connections)
ILA2---->IGA3 ILA3---->IGA2 ILA4---->IGA4
Outgoing
...
Server
Incoming Server 2 IP<----IGA1
Server 1 IP<----IGA1
SUA Versus NAT
SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules, Many-to-One and Server. The Prestige now has Full Feature NAT support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers. With multiple global IP addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP servers) are allowed on the LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions (that supported SUA 'visible' servers had to be of
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
different types. The Prestige supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The Prestige 2802HWL supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Set is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.
WEB GUI Menus
1. Applying NAT in the WEB GUI
You apply NAT via WEB GUI “Network>NAT>General" as displayed next. The next figure that you could apply NAT for Internet access –Full Feature.
The following table describes the options for Network Address Translation.
Field Options Description
When you select this option the SMT will use Address
Full Feature
Mapping Set 1 (Menu 15.1-see later for further discussion).
None
Network Address Translation
NAT is disabled when you select this option. When you select this option the SMT will use Address
Mapping Set 255 (Menu 15.1-see later for further
SUA Only
discussion). This option use basically Many-to-One Overload mapping. Select Full Feature when you require other mapping types. It is a convenient,
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions. Note that there is also a Server type whose IGA is 0.0.0.0 in this set.
2. Address Mapping Sets and NAT Server Sets
Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign global addresses to LAN clients. Each remote node must specify which NAT Address Mapping Set to use. The P2802HWL has 8 remote nodes and so allows you to configure 8 NAT Address Mapping Set. You can see nine NAT Address Mapping sets in WEB GUI Network > NAT > Address Mapping. You can only configure from Set 1 to Set 10 when you select Full Feature in WEB GUI NAT configuration. When you select SUA Only, the Port
Forwarding
will auto configure as to Many to one and Server as default in system.
The NAT Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports. To use this set (one set for the Prestige), a server rule must be set up inside the NAT Address Mapping set. Please see NAT Server Sets for further information on these menus.
Enter WEB GUI Network > NAT > Address Mapping to bring up Address Mapping Sets Menu.
Now let's look at WEB GUI Menu Network > NAT > Address Mapping.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Field Description Option/Example # This is the rule index number.
Local Start IP This is the starting local IP address (ILA).
0.0.0.0 for the Many-to-One type.
This is the starting local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all
Local End IP
local IPs, then the Start IP is 0.0.0.0 and the End IP is
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255.
Global Start
This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a
0.0.0.0
IP
dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global Start IP. Global End IP This is the ending global IP address (IGA). N/A Type This is the NAT mapping types. Many-to-One and Server
Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the
address mapping rule. Modify
Click the delete icon to delete an existing address mapping
N/A rule. Note that subsequent address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
To edit an address mapping rule, click the rule's edit icon in the Address Mapping screen to display the screen show next.
All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Field Description Option/Example
One-to-One
Press [CHOOSE BAR] to toggle through a total of 5 types.
Many-to-One
Many-to-Many Overload
Type
These are the mapping types discussed above plus a server type.
Many-to-Many No
Some examples follow to clarify these a little more.
Overload
Server
Start This is the starting local IP address (ILA) 0.0.0.0 Local IP
End
This is the ending local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IPs, then put the Start IP as 0.0.0.0 and the End IP as
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255. This field is N/A for One-to-One type.
This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a Global IP
Start
dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global Start IP.
This is the ending global IP address (IGA). This field is N/A for
End
0.0.0.0
200.1.1.64
One-to-One, Many-to-One and Server types.
Note: For all Local and Global IPs, the End IP address must begin after the IP Start address, i.e., you cannot have an End IP address beginning before the Start IP address.
NAT Server Sets
The NAT Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports (similar to the old SUA menu of before). If you wish, you can make inside servers for different services, e.g., Web or FTP, visible to the outside users, even though NAT makes your network appears as a single machine to the outside world. A server is identified by the port number, e.g., Web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21.
As an example (see the following figure), if you have a Web server at 192.168.1.36 and a FTP server at
192.168.1.33, then you need to specify for port 80 (Web) the server at IP address 192.168.1.36 and for port 21 (FTP) another at IP address 192.168.1.33.
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All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
Please note that a server can support more than one service, e.g., a server can provide both FTP and Mail service, while another provides only Web service.
The following procedures show how to configure a server behind NAT.
Step 1. Enter Network > NAT > Address Mapping in the WEB GUI to go to Address Mapping Setup. Step 2. Enter Edit Details of Server Mapping Set to go to NAT Server Setup. Step 3. Selet the service type in Service Name field and the inside IP address of the server in the Server IP Address field. Step 4. Press Add icon to add your configuration after you define all the servers, press Apply icon to save the settings.
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All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Service Port Number FTP 20,21 Telnet 23 SMTP 25 DNS (Domain Name Server) 53 www-http (Web) 80 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling
1723
Protocol)
1. Internet Access Only
In our Internet Access example, we only need one rule where all our ILAs map to one IGA assigned by the ISP. See the following figure.
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All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
From WEB GUI Network > NAT > General shown above simply choose the SUA Only option in the NAT Setup. This is the Many-to-One mapping discussed earlier.
2. Internet Access with an Internal Server
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All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Prestige 2802HW(L)-Ix Support Notes
In this case, we do exactly as above (use the convenient pre-configured SUA Only set) and also go to Menu
Network > NAT > Port Forwarding
as shown below.
to specify the Internet Server behind the NAT as shown in the NAT
3. Using Multiple Global IP addresses for clients and servers (One-to-One, Many-to-One, Server Set mapping types are used)
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All contents copyright (c) 2007 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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