ZyXEL Communications 2602HWL-DXA User Manual

Prestige 2602HWL-DXA

Support Notes

Version 3.40

Feb. 2006

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Index

Application Notes ..........................................................................................9

General Application Notes.....................................................................................9

Internet Connection................................................................................................9

Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay............................................................13

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA..................................................15

Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA........................................................17

Using NAT / Multi-NAT..............................................................................21

About Filter & Filter Examples ...................................................................42

Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)...............................................................65

Network Management Using SNMP...........................................................67

Using syslog.................................................................................................73

Using IP Alias ..............................................................................................77

Using Call Scheduling .................................................................................79

Using IP Multicast .......................................................................................84

Using Prestige traffic redirect......................................................................86

Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)...........................................................88

Wireless Application Notes..................................................................................94

Infrastructure mode......................................................................................94

Wireless MAC address filtering...................................................................99

WEP configuration (Wired Equivalent Privacy)........................................102

Configuring 802.1x....................................................................................109

Site Survey.................................................................................................122

PSTN Lifeline Application Notes......................................................................125

Usage of PSTN Lifeline.............................................................................125

Lifeline configuration ................................................................................126

Relay to PSTN ...........................................................................................127

How to connect Lifeline and DSL connection...........................................127

VoIP Application Notes......................................................................................128

Setup SIP Account.....................................................................................129

Peer to Peer call .........................................................................................132

Phone port settings.....................................................................................136

Advanced voice settings configuration......................................................138

Phone book Speed dial...............................................................................141

Voice - QoS setup......................................................................................144

Call Forwarding setup................................................................................145

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Voice – Common Settings.........................................................................148

FAQ .............................................................................................................149

ZyNOS FAQ ......................................................................................................149

What is ZyNOS?........................................................................................149

How do I access the embedded web configurator?....................................150

What is the default LAN IP address and Password? Moreover, how do I

change it?...................................................................................................150

How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via embeded web

configurator?..............................................................................................150

How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using FTP client

program via LAN?.....................................................................................150

How do I upload or backup ROMFILE via web configurator?.................151

How do I backup/restore configurations by using FTP client program via

LAN?..........................................................................................................151

Why can't I make Telnet to Prestige from WAN?.....................................152

What should I do if I forget the system password?....................................152

What is SUA? When should I use SUA?...................................................152

What is the difference between NAT and SUA?.......................................153

How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?.............................153

What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.............................................153

Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?............................153

Product FAQ ......................................................................................................154

What is the Prestige Integrated Access Device?........................................154

Will the Prestige work with my Internet connection?................................154

What do I need to use the Prestige?...........................................................154

What is PPPoE? .........................................................................................154

Does the Prestige support PPPoE?.............................................................155

How do I know I am using PPPoE?...........................................................155

Why does my provider use PPPoE?...........................................................155

Which Internet Applications can I use with the Prestige? .........................155

How can I configure the Prestige?.............................................................155

What network interface does the Prestige support?...................................155

What can we do with Prestige?..................................................................155

Does Prestige support dynamic IP addressing?.........................................156

What is the difference between the internal IP and the real IP from my ISP?

....................................................................................................................156

How does e-mail work through the Prestige?............................................156

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? If possible, how?.........................................................................156

What DHCP capability does the Prestige support?....................................156

How do I used the reset button, more over what field of parameter will be

reset by reset button? .................................................................................157

What network interface does the new Prestige series support?.................157

How does the Prestige support TFTP?.......................................................157

Can the Prestige support TFTP over WAN? ..............................................157

How fast can the data go?..........................................................................157

What is Multi-NAT? ..................................................................................158

When do I need Multi-NAT? .....................................................................158

What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support? .....................................159

What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT? .............................160

What is BOOTP/DHCP?............................................................................160

What is DDNS?..........................................................................................161

When do I need DDNS service?................................................................161

What DDNS servers does the Prestige support?........................................161

What is DDNS wildcard?...........................................................................161

Does the Prestige support DDNS wildcard?..............................................161

Can the Prestige SUA handle IPsec packets sent by the VPN gateway

behind Prestige?.........................................................................................162

How do I setup my Prestige for routing IPsec packets over SUA?...........162

PSTN Lifeline FAQ ...........................................................................................162

What is P2602 and what is the difference between P2602HW and

P2602HWL? ..............................................................................................162

What does Lifeline mean? .........................................................................162

Do I need Lifeline? ....................................................................................162

Can I connect more than one phone on the phone port?............................163

Can I receive incoming PSTN call through P2602HWL- 6xC?................163

Can I make an outgoing PSTN call through P2602HWL – 6xC? .............163

VoIP FAQ...........................................................................................................163

What is Voice over IP?..............................................................................163

How does Voice over IP work?.................................................................163

Why use VoIP?..........................................................................................163

What is the relationship between codec and VoIP?...................................164

What advantage does Voice over IP can provide?.....................................164

What is the difference between H.323 and SIP?........................................164

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Can H.323 and SIP interoperate with one another?...................................164

What is voice quality?................................................................................164

How are voice quality normally rated?......................................................164

What is codec?...........................................................................................165

What is the relation of codec and VoIP? ...................................................165

What codec does Prestige support?............................................................165

Which codec should I choose?...................................................................165

What do I need in order to use SIP? ..........................................................165

Unable to register with the SIP server?......................................................166

I can register but can not establish a call?..................................................166

I can make a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?.............166

I can receive a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?..........166

If all the about have been tried, but register still fail what should I do?....167

I suspect there is a hardware problem with my Prestige what should I do?167

Firewall FAQ .....................................................................................................167

What is a network firewall?.......................................................................167

What makes Prestige firewall secure? .......................................................167

What are the basic types of firewalls? .......................................................168

What kind of firewall is the Prestige?........................................................168

Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet filtering and

NAT built-in?.............................................................................................169

What is Denials of Service (DoS)attack?...................................................169

What is Ping of Death attack?....................................................................169

What is Teardrop attack?...........................................................................169

What is SYN Flood attack?........................................................................169

What is LAND attack?...............................................................................170

What is Brute-force attack? .......................................................................170

What is IP Spoofing attack?.......................................................................170

What are the default ACL firewall rules in Prestige?................................170

How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?.........................................171

Content Filter FAQ ............................................................................................172

IPSec FAQ .........................................................................................................172

What is VPN? ............................................................................................172

Why do I need VPN?.................................................................................173

What are most common VPN protocols?...................................................173

What is PPTP? ...........................................................................................173

What is L2TP? ...........................................................................................174

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

What is IPSec?...........................................................................................174

What secure protocols does IPSec support? ..............................................174

What are the differences between 'Transport mode' and 'Tunnel mode?...174

What is SA? ...............................................................................................175

What is IKE?..............................................................................................175

What is Pre-Shared Key?...........................................................................175

What are the differences between IKE and manual key VPN? .................175

What is Phase 1 ID for?.............................................................................175

What are Local ID and Peer ID?................................................................176

When should I use FQDN?........................................................................176

Is my Prestige ready for IPSec VPN?........................................................176

How do I configure Prestige VPN? ...........................................................177

How many VPN connections does Prestige support?................................177

What VPN protocols are supported by Prestige?.......................................177

What types of encryption does Prestige VPN support?.............................177

What types of authentication does Prestige VPN support? .......................177

I am planning my Prestige-to-Prestige VPN configuration. What do I need

to know?.....................................................................................................177

Does Prestige support dynamic secure gateway IP?..................................178

What VPN gateway that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......178

What VPN software that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......179

Will ZyXEL support Secure Remote Management?..................................179

Does Prestige VPN support NetBIOS broadcast? .....................................179

Is the host behind NAT allowed to use IPSec? ..........................................179

Why does VPN throughput decrease when staying in SMT menu 24.1?..179

Where can I configure Phase 1 ID in Prestige? .........................................180

If I have NAT router between two VPN gateways, and I would like to use

IP type as Phase 1 ID, what should I know?..............................................180

How can I keep a tunnel alive?..................................................................181

Single, Range, Subnet, which types of IP address do Prestige

10/10II/10W/50/100 support in VPN/IPSec? ............................................181

Can Prestige support IPSec passthrough?..................................................181

Can Prestige behave as a NAT router supporting IPSec passthrough and an

IPSec gateway simultaneously?.................................................................182

Wireless FAQ.....................................................................................................182

What is a Wireless LAN ? .........................................................................182

What are the advantages of Wireless LANs ? ...........................................182

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

What are the disadvantages of Wireless LANs ?.......................................183

Where can you find wireless 802.11 networks ? .......................................183

What is an Access Point ?..........................................................................183

What is IEEE 802.11 ?...............................................................................184

What is 802.11b ? ......................................................................................184

How fast is 802.11b ?.................................................................................184

What is 802.11a ?.......................................................................................184

What is 802.11g ? ......................................................................................184

Is it possible to use products from a variety of vendors ?..........................185

What is Wi-Fi ?..........................................................................................185

What types of devices use the 2.4GHz Band ?..........................................185

Does the 802.11 interfere with Bluetooth devices ?..................................185

Can radio signals pass through walls ?......................................................185

What are potential factors that may causes interference among WLAN

products ?...................................................................................................186

What's the difference between a WLAN and a WWAN ?.........................186

What is Ad Hoc mode ?.............................................................................186

What is Infrastructure mode ?....................................................................186

How many Access Points are required in a given area ?...........................187

What is Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Technology – (DSSS) ?........187

What is Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum Technology – (FHSS) ? ...187

Do I need the same kind of antenna on both sides of a link ?....................187

Why the 2.4 Ghz Frequency range ?..........................................................187

What is Server Set ID (SSID) ? .................................................................187

What is an ESSID ?....................................................................................188

How do I secure the data across an Access Point's radio link ?.................188

What is WEP ?...........................................................................................188

What is the difference between 40-bit and 64-bit WEP ?.......................188

What is a WEP key ? ..............................................................................188

A WEP key is a user defined string of characters used to encrypt and

decrypt data ?.............................................................................................189

Can the SSID be encrypted ? ..................................................................189

By turning off the broadcast of SSID, can someone still sniff the SSID ?189

What are Insertion Attacks ?......................................................................189

What is Wireless Sniffer ? .........................................................................189

What is the difference between Open System and Shared Key of

Authentication Type ?................................................................................189

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

What is 802.1x ? ........................................................................................190

What is the difference between No authentication required, No access

allowed and Authentication required ?......................................................190

What is AAA ?...........................................................................................190

What is RADIUS ?.....................................................................................190

What is WPA ?...........................................................................................191

What is WPA-PSK?...................................................................................191

Trouble Shooting.......................................................................................191

Using Embedded Packet Trace ..........................................................................191

Debug PPPoE Connection .................................................................................206

CLI Command List.....................................................................................218

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Application Notes

General Application Notes

Internet Connection

A typical Internet access application of the Prestige is shown below. For a small office, there are some components needs to be checked before accessing the Internet.

• Before you begin

• Setting up the Windows

• Setting up the Prestige router

• Troubleshooting

• Before you begin

The Prestige is shipped with the following factory default:

1. IP address = 192.168.1.1, subnet mask = 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)

2. DHCP server enabled with IP pool starting from 192.168.1.33

3. Default SMT menu password = 1234

• Setting up the PC (Windows OS)

1. Ethernet connection

All PCs must have an Ethernet adapter card installed.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• If you only have one PC, connect the PC's Ethernet adapter to the Prestige's LAN port with a

crossover (red one) Ethernet cable.

• If you have more than one PC, both the PC's Ethernet adapters and the Prestige's LAN port must

be connected to an external hub with straight Ethernet cable.

2. TCP/IP Installation

You must first install TCP/IP software on each PC before you can use it for Internet access. If you have already installed TCP/IP, go to the next section to configure it; otherwise, follow these steps to install:

• In the Control Panel/Network window, click Add button.

• In the Select Network Component Type windows, select Protocol and click Add.

• In the Select Network Protocol windows, select Microsoft from the manufacturers, then select

TCP/IP from the Network Protocols and click OK.

3. TCP/IP Configuration

Follow these steps to configure Windows TCP/IP:

• In the Control Panel/Network window, click the TCP/IP entry to select it and click Properties

button.

• In the TCP/IP Properties window, select obtain an IP address automatically.

Note: Do not assign arbitrary IP address and subnet mask to your PCs, otherwise, you will not be able to access the Internet.

• Click the WINS configuration tab and select Disable WINS Resolution.

• Click the Gateway tab. Highlight any installed gateways and click the Remove button until there

are none listed.

• Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS.

• Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP properties window

• Click OK to close the Network window. You will be prompted to insert your Windows CD or disk.

When the drivers are updated, you will be asked if you want to restart the PC. Make sure your Prestige is powered on before answering Yes to the prompt. Repeat the above steps for each Windows PC on your network.

• Setting up the Prestige router

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

The following procedure is for the most typical usage of the Prestige where you have a single-user account (SUA). The Prestige supports embedded web server that allows you to use Web browser to configure it. Before configuring the router using Browser please be sure there is no Telnet or Console login.

1. Retrieve Prestige Web

Please enter the LAN IP address of the Prestige router in the URL location to retrieve the web screen from the Prestige. The default LAN IP of the Prestige is 192.168.1.1. See the example below. Note that you can either use http://192.168.1.1

2. Login first

The default password is the default SMT password, '1234'.

3. Configure Prestige for Internet access by using WIZARD SETUP

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

The Web screen shown below takes PPPoE as the example.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay

• What is DHCP Relay?

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P2602 supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured as DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to the

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

LAN clients. When it is configured as DHCP relay, it is reponsable for forwarding the requests and responses negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.

• Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Client

1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in menu 3.2 and enter the IP address of the DHCP server in the 'Relay Server Address' field.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup

DHCP= Relay

Client IP Pool Starting Address= N/A

Size of Client IP Pool= N/A

Primary DNS Server= N/A

Secondary DNS Server= N/A

Remote DHCP Server= 192.168.1.2

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address= 192.168.1.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= N/A

Multicast= None

IP Policies=

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Edit IP Alias= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA

• Introduction

If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users, even though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the Prestige, a server must have a fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each time it is powered on.

In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.

• Configuration

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of the server in 'Menu 15.2.1', Multiple Server Configuration. The outside users can access the local server using the Prestige's

• For example (Configuring an internal Web server for outside access) :

WAN IP

address which can be obtained from menu 24.1.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 80 80 192.168.1.10

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Port numbers for some services

Service Port Number

FTP 21

Telnet 23

SMTP 25

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

DNS (Domain Name Server) 53

www-http (Web) 80

Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA

• Introduction

PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets to be encapsulated within Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP network, including the Internet itself.

In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to establish an IP connection with a tunnel server such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access Server.

Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure,optimized multiple-protocol network connection over dial-up telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be encrypted and compressed, and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet.

Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack

PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Since PPTP encapsulates its data stream in the PPP protocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.

The PPTP is supported in Windows NT and Windows 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs to be upgraded by the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.

• Configuration

This application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote private network in the Prestige SUA case. In ZyNOS, all PPTP packets can be forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server) behind SUA. The port number of the PPTP has to be entered in the SMT Menu 15 for Prestige to forward to the appropriate private IP address of Windows NT server.

• Example

The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the Prestige and then establish a tunnel to a private network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT), PPTP client (Win9x) and the Prestige.

o PPTP server setup (WinNT)

 Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network  Add an user account for PPTP logged on user  Enable RAS port  Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI  Set the Internet gateway to Prestige

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

o PPTP client setup (Win9x)

 Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correct

username & password and the IP address of the Prestige's Internet IP address for logging to NT RAS server.

 Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP

o Prestige router setup

• Before making a VPN connection from Win9x to WinNT server, you need to connect Prestige

router to your ISP first.

• Enter the IP address of the PPTP server (WinNT server) and the port number for PPTP as shown

below.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 1723 1723 192.168.1.10

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achieve, you can place a VPN call from the remote Win9x client.

For example:

C:\ping 203.66.113.2

When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic through that connection. Therefore, the output below shows the default gateway of the Win9x client after the dial-up connection has been established.

Before making a VPN connection from the Win9x client to the NT server, you need to know the exact Internet IP address that the ISP assigns to Prestige router in SUA mode and enter this IP address in the VPN dial-up dialog box. You can check this Internet IP address from PNC Monitor or SMT Menu

24.1. If the Internet IP address is a fixed IP address provided by ISP in SUA mode, then you can always use this IP address for reaching the VPN server.

In the following example, the IP address '140.113.1.225' is dynamically assigned by ISP. You must enter this IP address in the 'VPN Server' dialog box for reaching the PPTP server. After the VPN link is established, you can start the network protocol application such as IP, IPX and NetBEUI.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Using NAT / Multi-NAT

• What is Multi-NAT?

NAT (Network Address Translation-NAT RFC 1631) is the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One network is designated the

inside

network and the other is the or more global outside IP addresses and "unmaps" the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses. The IP addresses for the NAT can be either fixed or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition,

outside

. Typically, a company maps its local inside network addresses to one

you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. In such case, all incoming connections to your network will be filtered out by the Prestige, thus preventing intruders from probing your network.

The SUA feature that the Prestige supports previously operates by mapping the private IP addresses to a global IP address. It is only one subset of the NAT. The Prestige with ZyNOS V3.40 supports the most of the features of the NAT based on RFC 1631, and we call this feature as 'Multi-NAT'. For more information on IP address translation, please refer to RFC 1631,

• How NAT works

The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)

.

If we define the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA), see the following figure. The term 'inside' refers to the set of networks that are subject to translation. NAT operates by mapping the ILA to the IGA required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers) and then forwards each packet to the Internet ISP, thus making them appear as if they had come from the NAT system itself (e.g., the Prestige router). The Prestige keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

1. NAT Mapping Types

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:

2. One to One

In One-to-One mode, the Prestige maps one ILA to one IGA.

3. Many to One

In Many-to-One mode, the Prestige maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option in today's routers).

4. Many to Many Overload

In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the Prestige maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

5. Many to Many No Overload

In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the Prestige maps each ILA to unique IGA.

• Server

In Server mode, the Prestige maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

The following table summarizes these types.

NA T Type IP Mapping

Mapping Direction

One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1 Both

ILA1---->IGA1

Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)

ILA2---->IGA1

Outgoing

... ILA1---->IGA1

ILA2---->IGA2

Many-to-Many Overload

ILA3---->IGA1

Outgoing ILA4---->IGA2 ...

ILA1---->IGA1

Many-to-Many No Overload

(Allocate by Connections)

ILA2---->IGA3 ILA3---->IGA2 ILA4---->IGA4

Outgoing

...

Server

Incoming Server 2 IP<----IGA1

Server 1 IP<----IGA1

• SUA Versus NAT

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules, Many-to-One and Server. The Prestige now has Full Feature NAT support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers. With multiple global IP addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP servers) are allowed on the LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions (that supported SUA 'visible' servers had to be of different types. The Prestige supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The Prestige 2602HWL supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Set in menu 15.1 is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.

• SMT Menus

1. Applying NAT in the SMT Menus

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

You apply NAT via menus 4 and 11.3 as displayed next. The next figure how you apply NAT for Internet access in menu 4. Enter 4 from the Main Menu to go to Menu 4-Internet Access Setup.

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= MyISP

Encapsulation= PPPoE

Multiplexing= LLC-based

VPI #= 0

VCI #= 33

ATM QoS Type= UBR

Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0

Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0

Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0

My Login= cso@zyxel

My Password= ********

Idle Timeout (sec)= 0

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic

IP Address= N/A

Network Address Translation= Full Feature

Address Mapping Set= 1

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the options for Network Address Translation.

Field Options Description

When you select this option the SMT will use Address

Network Address Translation

Full Feature

None

SUA Only

Mapping Set 1 (Menu 15.1-see later for further discussion).

NAT is disabled when you select this option. When you select this option the SMT will use Address

Mapping Set 255 (Menu 15.1-see later for further discussion). This option use basically Many-to-One

24

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Overload mapping. Select Full Feature when you require other mapping types. It is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions. Note that there is also a Server type whose IGA is 0.0.0.0 in this set.

Table: Applying NAT in Menu 4 and Menu 11.3

2. Configuring NAT

To configure NAT, enter 15 from the Main Menu to bring up the following screen.

Menu 15 - NAT Setup

1. Address Mapping Sets

2. NAT Server Sets

3. Address Mapping Sets and NAT Server Sets

Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign global addresses to LAN clients. Each remote node must specify which NAT Address Mapping Set to use. The P2602HWL has 8 remote nodes and so allows you to configure 8 NAT Address Mapping Set. You can see nine NAT Address Mapping sets in Menu 15.1. You can only configure from Set 1 to Set 8. Set 255 is used for SUA. When you select Full Feature in menu 4 or 11.3. When you select SUA Only, the SMT will use Set 15.2.

The NAT Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports. To use this set (one set for the Prestige), a server rule must be set up inside the NAT Address Mapping set. Please see NAT Server Sets

for

further information on these menus.

Enter 1 to bring up Menu 15.1-Address Mapping Sets

25

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Menu 15.1 - Address Mapping Sets

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

255. SUA (read only)

Enter Set Number to Edit:

Let's first look at Option 255. Option 255 is equivalent to SUA in previous ZyXEL routers. The fields in this menu cannot be changed. Entering 255 brings up this screen.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= SUA

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 M-1

2. 0.0.0.0 Server

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

26

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

The following table explains the fields in this screen. Please note that the fields in this menu are read-only.

Field Description Option/Example

Set Name

SUA

the name of a new set you want to create.

Idx This is the index or rule number. 1

0.0.0.0 for the

Local Start IP This is the starting local IP address (ILA).

Many-to-One type.

This is the starting local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all

This is the name of the set you selected in Menu 15.1 or enter

Local End IP

local IPs, then the Start IP is 0.0.0.0 and the End IP is

255.255.255.255

255.255.255.255.

Global Start

This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a

0.0.0.0

IP

dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global Start IP. Global End IP This is the ending global IP address (IGA). N/A Type This is the NAT mapping types. Many-to-One and Server

Please note that the fields in this menu are read-only. However, the settings of the server set 1 can be modified in menu 15.1.1.

Now let's look at Option 1 in Menu 15.1.1 Enter 1 to bring up this menu.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= ?

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

27

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

9.

10.

Action= Edit , Select Rule= 0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

We will just look at the differences from the previous menu. Note that, this screen is not read only, so we have extra Action and Select Rule fields. Not also that the [?] in the Set Name field means that this is a required field and you must enter a name for the set. The description of the other fields is as described above. The Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs are configured in Menu 15.1.1 (described later) and the values are displayed here.

Field Description Option

Set Name

Rule1

that if this field is left blank, the entire set will be deleted.

They are 4 actions. The default is Edit. Edit means you want to edit a selected rule (see following field). Insert Before means to insert a new

Edit

rule before the rule selected. The rule after the selected rule will then be

Insert Before

Enter a name for this set of rules. This is a required field. Please note

Action

moved down by one rule. Delete means to delete the selected rule and

Delete

then all the rules after the selected one will be advanced one rule. Save

Save Set

Set means to save the whole set (note when you choose this action the Select Rule item will be disabled).

When you choose Edit, Insert Before or Save Set in the previous field

Select Rule

the cursor jumps to this field to allow you to select the rule to apply the

1

action in question.

Note: Save Set in the Action field means to save the whole set. You must do this if you make any changes to the set-including deleting a rule. No changes to the set take place until this action is taken. Be careful when ordering your rules as each rule is executed in turn beginning from the first rule.

Selecting Edit in the Action field and then selecting a rule brings up the following menu, Menu

15.1.1.1-Address Mapping Rule in which you can edit an individual rule and configure the Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs displayed in Menu 15.1.1.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One

28

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Local IP:

Start= 0.0.0.0

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= 0.0.0.0

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Field Description Option/Example

One-to-One Many-to-One

Press [SPACEBAR] to toggle through a total of 5 types. These

Many-to-Many Overload

Type

are the mapping types discussed above plus a server type. Some

Many-to-Many No

examples follow to clarify these a little more.

Overload Server

Start This is the starting local IP address (ILA) 0.0.0.0 Local IP

End

This is the ending local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IPs, then put the Start IP as 0.0.0.0 and the End IP as

255.255.255.255

255.255.255.255. This field is N/A for One-to-One type.

This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a Global IP

Start

dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global Start IP.

This is the ending global IP address (IGA). This field is N/A for

End

0.0.0.0

200.1.1.64

One-to-One, Many-to-One and Server types.

Note: For all Local and Global IPs, the End IP address must begin after the IP Start address, i.e., you cannot have an End IP address beginning before the Start IP address.

• NAT Server Sets

29

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

The NAT Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports (similar to the old SUA menu of before). If you wish, you can make inside servers for different services, e.g., Web or FTP, visible to the outside users, even though NAT makes your network appears as a single machine to the outside world. A server is identified by the port number, e.g., Web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21.

As an example (see the following figure), if you have a Web server at 192.168.1.36 and a FTP server at

192.168.1.33, then you need to specify for port 80 (Web) the server at IP address 192.168.1.36 and for port 21 (FTP) another at IP address 192.168.1.33.

Please note that a server can support more than one service, e.g., a server can provide both FTP and Mail service, while another provides only Web service.

The following procedures show how to configure a server behind NAT.

Step 1. Enter 15 in the Main Menu to go to Menu 15-NAT Setup. Step 2. Enter 2 to go to Menu 15.2.1-NAT Server Setup. Step 3. Enter the service port number in the Port# field and the inside IP address of the server in the IP Address field. Step 4. Press [SPACEBAR] at the 'Press ENTER to confirm...' prompt to save your configuration after you define all the servers or press ESC at any time to cancel.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

30

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

2. 21 21 192.168.1.33

3. 80 80 192.168.1.36

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.

Service Port Number FTP 21 Telnet 23 SMTP 25 DNS (Domain Name Server) 53 www-http (Web) 80 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling

1723

Protocol)

1. Internet Access Only

In our Internet Access example, we only need one rule where all our ILAs map to one IGA assigned by the ISP. See the following figure.

31

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= MyISP

Encapsulation= PPPoE

Multiplexing= LLC-based

VPI #= 0

VCI #= 33

ATM QoS Type= UBR

Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0

Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0

Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0

My Login= cso@zyxel

My Password= ********

Idle Timeout (sec)= 0

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic

IP Address= N/A

Network Address Translation= SUA Only

Address Mapping Set= 1

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

32

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

From Menu 4 shown above simply choose the SUA Only option from the NAT field. This is the Many-to-One mapping discussed earlier. The SUA read only option from the NAT field in menu 4 and 11.3 is specifically pre-configured to handle this case.

2. Internet Access with an Internal Server

In this case, we do exactly as above (use the convenient pre-configured SUA Only set) and also go to Menu

15.2-NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only) to specify the Internet Server behind the NAT as shown in the NAT as shown below.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 21 21 192.168.1.33

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

33

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3. Using Multiple Global IP addresses for clients and servers (One-to-One, Many-to-One, Server Set mapping types are used)

In this case we have 3 IGAs (IGA1, IGA2 and IGA3) from the ISP. We have two very busy internal FTP servers and also an internal general server for the web and mail. In this case, we want to assign the 3 IGAs by the following way using 4 NAT rules.

5. Rule 1 (One-to-One type) to map the FTP Server 1 with ILA1 (192.168.1.10) to IGA1.

6. Rule 2 (One-to-One type) to map the FTP Server 2 with ILA2 (192.168.1.11) to IGA2.

7. Rule 3 (Many-to-One type) to map the other clients to IGA3.

8. Rule 4 (Server type) to map a web server and mail server with ILA3 (192.168.1.20) to IGA3. Type

Server allows us to specify multiple servers, of different types, to other machines behind NAT on the LAN.

34

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Step 1:

In this case, we need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15.1-Address Mapping Sets. Therefore we must choose the Full Feature option from the NAT field in menu 4 or menu 11.3, and assign IGA3 to Prestige WAN IP Address.

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= MyISP

Encapsulation= PPPoE

Service Type= N/A

My Login= cso@zyxel

My Password= ********

Retype to Confirm= ********

Idle Timeout= 100

IP Address Assignment= Static

IP Address= IGA3

IP Subnet Mask= N/A

Gateway IP Address= N/A

Network Address Translation= Full Feature

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Step 2:

Go to menu 15.1 and choose 1 (not 255, SUA this time) to begin configuring this new set. Enter a Set Name, choose the Edit Action and then select 1 from Select Rule field. Press [ENTER] to confirm. See the following setup for the four rules in our case.

Rule 1 Setup: Select One-to-One type to map the FTP Server 1 with ILA1 (192.168.1.10) to IGA1.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

35

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Start= 192.168.1.10

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA1]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 2 Setup: Selecting One-to-One type to map the FTP Server 2 with ILA2 (192.168.1.11) to IGA2.

Menu 15.1.1.2 - - Rule 2

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.11

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA2]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 3 Setup: Select Many-to-One type to map the other clients to IGA3.

Menu 15.1.1.3 - - Rule 3

Type: Many-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 0.0.0.0

End = 255.255.255.255

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA3]

End = N/A

36

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 4 Setup: Select Server type to map our web server and mail server with ILA3 (192.168.1.20) to IGA3.

Menu 15.1.1.4 - - Rule 4

Type: Server

Local IP:

Start= N/A

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA3]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

When we have configured all four rules Menu 15.1.1 should look as follows.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= Example3

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 192.168.1.10 [IGA1] 1-1

2. 192.168.1.11 [IGA2] 1-1

3. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 [IGA3] M-1

4. [IGA3] Server

5.

6.

7.

8.

37

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

9.

10.

Press ESC or RETURN to Exit:

Step 3:

Now we configure all other incoming traffic to go to our web server aand mail server from Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (not Set 1, Set 1 is used for SUA Only case).

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 80 80 192.168.1.20

3. 25 25 192.168.1.20

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. Support Non NAT Friendly Applications

38

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do not allow users to login using the same IP address. In this case it is better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types, thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address. The following figure illustrates this.

One rule configured for using Many-to-Many No Overload mapping type is shown below.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: Many-to-Many No Overload

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.10

End = 192.168.1.12

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA1]

End = [Enter IGA3]

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The three rules configured for using One-to-One mapping type is shown below.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One

39

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.10

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA1]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 15.1.1.2 - - Rule 2

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.11

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA2]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 15.1.1.3 - - Rule 3

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.12

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA3]

End = N/A

40

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Prestige supports multiple type of NAT mapping rules

• SUA

• One to One

• Many to One

• Many to Many overload

• Many One to One

• Server

The following table summarizes these types.

NAT Type IP Mapping One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-One

ILA2<--->IGA1

(SUA/PAT)

... ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

Many-to-Many

ILA3<--->IGA1

Overload

ILA4<--->IGA2

Many-to-Many No Overload

ILA1<--->IGA1 ILA2<--->IGA2 ILA3<--->IGA3 ILA4<--->IGA4

41

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

...

Server (SUA)

Server 1 IP<--->IGA1 Server 2 IP<--->IGA1

About Filter & Filter Examples

How does ZyXEL filter work?

• Filter Structure

The Prestige allows you to configure up to twelve filter sets with six rules in each set, for a total of 72 filter rules in the system. You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of packets. With each filter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port. The following diagram illustrates the logic flow when executing a filter rule.

42

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• Filter Types and SUA

Conceptually, there are two categories of filter rules: device and protocol. The Generic filter rules belong to the device category; they act on the raw data from/to LAN and WAN. The IP and IPX filter rules belong to the protocol category; they act on the IP and IPX packets.

43

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

In order to allow users to specify the local network IP address and port number in the filter rules with SUA connections, the TCP/IP filter function has to be executed before SUA for WAN outgoing packets and after the SUA for WAN incoming IP packets. But at the same time, the Generic filter rules must be applied at the point when the Prestige is receiving and sending the packets; i.e. the ISDN interface. So, the execution sequence has to be changed. The logic flow of the filter is shown in Figure 1 and the sequence of the logic flow for the packet from LAN to WAN is:

• LAN device and protocol input filter sets.

• WAN protocol call and output filter sets.

• If SUA is enabled, SUA converts the source IP address from 192.168.1.33 to 203.205.115.6 and

port number from 1023 to 4034.

• WAN device output and call filter sets.

The sequence of the logic flow for the packet from WAN to LAN is:

• WAN device input filter sets.

• If SUA is enabled, SUA converts the destination IP address from 203.205.115.6 to 92.168.1.33 and port

number from 4034 to 1023.

• WAN protocol input filter sets.

• LAN device and protocol output filter sets.

Generic and TCP/IP (and IPX) filter rules are in different filter sets. The SMT will detect and prevent the

mixing of different category rules within any filter set in Menu 21. In the following example, you will receive an error message 'Protocol and device filter rules cannot be active together' if you try to activate a TCP/IP (or IPX) filter rule in a filter set that has already had one or more active Generic filter rules. You will receive the

44

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

same error if you try to activate a Generic filter rule in a filter set that has already had one or more active TCP/IP (or IPX) filter rules.

Menu 21.1.1:

Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 0

Length= 0

Mask= N/A

Value= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Check Next Rule

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Menu 21.1.2:

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

45

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Check Next Rule

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Saving to ROM. Please wait...

Protocol and device rule cannot be active together

To separate the device and protocol filter categories; two new menus, Menu 11.5 and Menu 13.1, have been added, as well as some changes made to the Menu 3.1, Menu 11.1, and Menu 13. The new fields are shown below.

Menu 3.1:

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Menu 11.1:

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= LAN Route= IP

Active= Yes Bridge= No

Encapsulation= PPP Edit PPP Options= No

Incoming: Rem IP Addr= ?

Rem Login= test Edit IP/IPX/Bridge= No

Rem Password= ********

46

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Outgoing: Session Options:

My Login= testt Edit Filter Sets= Yes

My Password= *****

Authen= CHAP/PAP

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 11.5:

Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

SMT will also prevent you from entering a protocol filter set configured in Menu 21 to the device filters field in Menu 3.1, 11.5, or entering a device filter set to the protocol filters field. Even though SMT will prevent the inconsistency from being entered in ZyNOS, it is unable to resolve the intermixing problems existing in the filter sets that were configured before. Instead, when ZyNOS translates the old configuration into the new format, it will verify the filter rules and log the inconsistencies. Please check the system log (Menu 24.3.1) before putting your device into use.

In order to avoid operational problems later, the Prestige will disable its routing/bridging functions if there is an inconsistency among its filter rules.

filter for blocking the web service

• Configuration

Before configuring a filter, you need to know the following information:

47

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

1. The outbound packet type (protocol & port number)

2. The source IP address

Generally, the outbound packets for Web service could be as following:

a. HTTP packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 80 b. DNS packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 53 or c. DNS packet, UDP (17) protocol with port number 53

For all workstation on the LAN, the source IP address will be 0.0.0.0. Otherwise, you have to enter an IP Address for the workstation you want to block. See the procedure for configuring this filter below.

o Create a filter set in Menu 21, e.g., set 1 o Create three filter rules in Menu 21.1.1, Menu 21.1.2, Menu 21.1.3

 Rule 1- block the HTTP packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 80  Rule 2- block the DNS packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 53  Rule 3- block the DNS packet, UDP (17) protocol with port number 53

o Apply the filter set in menu 4

1. Create a filter set in Menu 21

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 Web Request 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

48

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

2. Rule one for (a). http packet, TCP(06)/Port number 80

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 80

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3.Rule 2 for (b).DNS request, TCP(06)/Port number 53

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

49

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. Rule 3 for (c). DNS packet UDP(17)/Port number 53

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

5. After the three rules are completed, you will see the rule summary in Menu 21.

50

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- -------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=80 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N

3 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0,DP=53 N D F

6. Apply the filter set to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set' in the remote node setup .

A filter for blocking a specific client

Configuration

1. Create a filter set in Menu 21, e.g., set 1

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 Block a client 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 0

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

2. One rule for blocking all packets from this client

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

Source: IP Addr= 192.168.1.5

IP Mask= 255.255.255.255

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

Source IP addr................Enter the client IP in this field

IP Mask..........................here the IP mask is used to mask the bits of the IP address given in the 'Source IP

Addr=' field, for one workstation it is 255.255.255.255.

Action Matched................Set to 'Drop' to drop all the packets from this client

Action Not Matched.........Set to 'Forward' to allow the packets from other clients

3. Apply the filter set number '1' to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set' field in the remote node setup.

A filter for blocking a specific MAC address

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

This configuration example shows you how to use a Generic Filter to block a specific MAC address of the LAN.

Before you Begin

Before you configure the filter, you need to know the MAC address of the client first. The MAC address can be provided by the NICs. If there is the LAN packet passing through the Prestige you can identify the uninteresting MAC address from the Prestige's LAN packet trace. Please have a look at the following example to know the trace of the LAN packets.

ras> sys trcp channel enet0 bothway

ras> sys trcp sw on

Now a client on the LAN is trying to ping Prestige………

ras> sys trcp sw off

ras> sys trcp disp

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0

0000: [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84

0020: 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

TIME: 37c060 enet0-XMIT len:74 call=0

0000: [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c 00 07 00 00 fe 01 f0 ef ca 84 9b 63 ca 84

0020: 9b 5d 00 00 4d 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

The detailed format of the Ethernet Version II:

+ Ethernet Version II

- Address: 00-80-C8-4C-EA-63 (Source MAC) ----> 00-A0-C5-23-45

(Destination MAC)

- Ethernet II Protocol Type: IP

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

+ Internet Protocol

- Version (MSB 4 bits): 4

- Header length (LSB 4 bits): 5

- Service type: Precd=Routine, Delay=Normal, Thrput=Normal, Reli=Normal

- Total length: 60 (Octets)

- Fragment ID: 60172

- Flags: May be fragmented, Last fragment, Offset=0 (0x00)

- Time to live: 32 seconds/hops

- IP protocol type: ICMP (0x01)

- Checksum: 0xE3EA

- IP address 202.132.155.93 (Source IP address) ---->

202.132.155.99(Destination IP address)

- No option

+ Internet Control Message Protocol

- Type: 8 - Echo Request

- Code: 0

- Checksum: 0x455C

- Identifier: 768

- Sequence Number: 1280

- Optional Data: (32 bytes)

Configurations

From the above first trace, we know a client is trying to ping request the Prestige router. And from the second trace, we know the Prestige router will send a reply to the client accordingly. The following sample filter will utilize the 'Generic Filter Rule' to block the MAC address [00 80 c8 4c ea 63].

1. First, from the incoming LAN packet we know the uninteresting source MAC address starts at the 7th Octet

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0

0000: [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84

0020: 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

2. We are now ready to configure the 'Generic Filter Rule' as below.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 6

Length= 6

Mask= ffffffffffff

Value= 0080c84cea63

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Key Settings:

• Generic Filter Ruls

Set the 'Filter Type' to 'Generic Filter Rule'

• Active

Turn 'Active' to 'Yes'

• Offset (in bytes)

Set to '6' since the source MAC address starts at 7th octets we need to skip the first octets of the destination MAC address.

• Length (in bytes)

Set to '6' since MAC address has 6 octets.

• Mask (in hexadecimal)

Specify the value that the Prestige will logically qualify (logical AND) the data in the packet. Since the Length is set to 6 octets the Mask for it should be 12 hexadecimal numbers. In this case, we intent to set to 'ffffffffffff' to mask the incoming source MAC address, [00 80 c8 4c ea 63].

• Value (in hexadecimal)

Specify the MAC address [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] that the Prestige should use to compare with the masked packet. If the result from the masked packet matches the 'Value', then the packet is considered matched.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• Action Matched=

Enter the action you want if the masked packet matches the 'Value'. In this case, we will drop it.

• Action Not Matched=

Enter the action you want if the masked packet does not match the 'Value'. In this case, we will forward it. If you want to configure more rules please select 'Check Next Rule' to start configuring the next new rule. However, please note that the 'Filter Type' must be also 'Generic Filter Rule' but not others. Because the Generic and TCPIP (IPX) filter rules must be in different filter sets.

Menu 21.1.2 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 6

Length= 6

Mask= ffffffffffff

Value= 0080c810234a

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

You can now apply it to the 'General Ethernet Setup' in Menu 3.1. Please note that the 'Generic Filter' can only be applied to the 'Device Filter' but not the 'Protocol Filter' that is used for configuring the TCPIP and IPX filters.

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters= 1

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

A filter for blocking the NetBIOS packets

• Introduction

The NETBIOS protocol is used to share a Microsoft comupter of a workgroup. For the security concern, the NetBIOS connection to a outside host is blocked by Prestige router as factory defaults. Users can remove the filter sets applied to menu 3.1 and menu 4.1 for activating the NetBIOS services. The details of the filter settings are described as follows.

• Configuration

The packets need to be blocked are as follows. Please configure two filter sets with 4 and 2 rules respectively based on the following packets in SMT menu 21.

Filter Set 1:

o Rule 1-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP) o Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP) o Rule 5-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 6-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Filter Set 2:

o Rule 1-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 6

(TCP)

o Rule 2-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 17

(UDP)

Before starting to set the filter rules, please enter a name for each filter set in the 'Comments' field first.

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 NetBIOS_WAN 7 _______________

2 NetBIOS_LAN 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Configure the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' by selecting the Filter Set number 1.

• Rule 1-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.1.3 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,3

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 138

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.4 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,4

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 138

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 5-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.1.5 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,5

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 139

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 6-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.6 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,6

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 139

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as below.

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- --------------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N

3 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N

4 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N

5 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D N

6 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D F

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• Apply the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' to the 'Output Protocol Filter' in the remote node

setup.

Configure the second filter set 'NetBIOS_LAN' by selecting the Filter Set number 2.

• Rule 1-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.2.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 2,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 2-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.2.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 2,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

1. After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as below.

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- ---------------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D F

1. Apply the filter set 'NetBIOS_LAN' in the 'Input protocol filters=' in the Menu 3 for blocking

the packets from LAN

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

protocol filters= 2

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

1. What is DDNS?

The DDNS service, an IP Registry provides a public central database where information such as email addresses, hostnames, IPs etc. can be stored and retrieved. This solves the problems if your DNS server uses an IP associated with dynamic IPs.

Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the Prestige to access the internal server. It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the Prestige, you apply a DNS name (e.g., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server. The outside users can always access the web server using the www.zyxel.com.tw regardless of the WAN IP of the Prestige.

When the ISP assigns the Prestige a new IP, the Prestige must inform the DDNS server the change of this IP so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS server is updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., www.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable.

The DDNS server stores password-protected email addresses with IPs and hostnames and accepts queries based on email addresses. So, there must be an email entry in the Prestige menu 1.

The DDNS servers the Prestige supports currently is WWW.DYNDNS.ORG where you apply the DNS from and update the WAN IP to.

• Setup the DDNS

• Before configuring the DDNS settings in the Prestige, you must register an account from the

DDNS server such as WWW.DYNDNS.ORG first. After the registration, you have a hostname for your internal server and a password using to update the IP to the DDNS server.

• Toggle 'Configure Dynamic DNS' option to 'Yes' and press ENTER for configuring the settings

of the DDNS in menu 1.1.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Menu 1 - General Setup

System Name= Prestige

Location=

Contact Person's Name=

Domain Name=

Edit Dynamic DNS= Yes

Route IP= Yes

Bridge= No

Menu 1.1 - Configure Dynamic DNS

Service Provider= WWW.DynDNS.ORG

Active= Yes

Host=[the local server's host name]

EMAIL=

USER=

Password= ********

Enable Wildcard= No

Key Settings for using DDNS function:

Option Description

Enter the DDNS server in this field. Currently, we support

Service Provider

WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.

Active

Host

EMAIL User

Toggle to 'Yes'. Enter the hostname you subscribe from the above DDNS server. For example,

zyxel.com.tw. Enter the email address you give to the DDNS server. Enter the user name that

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Password

Enter the password that the DDNS server gives to you. Enter the hostname for the wildcard function that the WWW.DYNDNS.ORG

Enable Wildcard

supports. Note that Wildcard option is available only when the provider is

WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.

Network Management Using SNMP

1. SNMP Overview

The

Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP) is an applications-layer protocol used to exchange the management information between network devices (e.g., routers). By using SNMP, network administrators can more easily manage network performance, find and solve network problems. The SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite, it uses the UDP to exchange messages between a management Client and an Agent, residing in a network node.

There are two versions of SNMP: Version 1 and Version 2. ZyXEL supports SNMPv1. Most of the changes introduced in Version 2 increase SNMP's security capabilities. SNMP encompasses three main areas:

1. A small set of management operations.

2. Definitions of management variables.

3. Data representation.

The operations allowed are: Get, GetNext, Set, and Trap. These functions operates on variables that exist in network nodes. Examples of variables include statistic counters, node port status, and so on. All of the SNMP management functions are carried out through these simple operations. No action operations are available, but these can be simulated by the setting of flag variables. For example, to reset a node, a counter variable named 'time to reset' could be set to a value, causing the node to reset after the time had elapsed.

SNMP variables are defined using the OSI Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). ASN.1 specifies how a variable is encoded in a transmitted data frame; it is very powerful because the encoded data is self-defining. For example, the encoding of a text string includes an indication that the data unit is a string, along with its length and value. ASN.1 is a flexible way of defining protocols, especially for network management protocols where nodes may support different sets of manageable variables.

The net of variables that each node supports is called the

Management Information Base

(MIB). The MIB is made up of several parts, including the Standard MIB, specified as part of SNMP, and Enterprise Specific MIB, which are defined by different manufacturer for hardware specific management.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

The current Internet-standard MIB, MIB-II, is defined in RFC 1213 and contains 171 objects. These objects are grouped by protocol (including TCP, IP, UDP, SNMP, and other categories, including 'system' and 'interface.'

The Internet Management Model is as shown in figure 1. Interactions between the NMS and managed devices can be any of four different types of commands:

6. Reads

Read is used to monitor the managed devices, NMSs read variables that are maintained by the devices.

7. Writes

Write is used to control the managed devices, NMSs write variables that are stored in the managed devices.

8. Traversal operations

NMSs use these operations to determine which variables a managed device supports and to sequentially gather information from variable tables (such as IP routing table) in managed devices.

9. Traps

The managed devices to asynchronously report certain events to NMSs use trap.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

2. SNMPv1 Operations

SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol. 4 SNMPv1 operations are defined as below.

• Get

Allows the NMS to retrieve an object variable from the agent.

• GetNext

Allows the NMS to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a NMS wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.

• Set

Allows the NMS to set values for object variables within an agent.

• Trap

Used by the agent to inform the NMS of some events.

The SNMPv1 messages contains two part. The first part contains a version and a community name. The second part contains the actual SNMP protocol data unit (PDU) specifying the operation to be performed (Get, Set, and

69

Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

so on) and the object values involved in the operation. The following figure shows the SNMPv1 message format.

The SNMP PDU contains the following fields:

• PDU type Specifies the type of PDU.

• Request ID Associates requests with responses.

• Error status Indicates an error and an error type.

• Error index Associates the error with a particular object variable.

• Variable-bindings Associates particular object with their value.

3. ZyXEL SNMP Implementation

ZyXEL currently includes SNMP support in some Prestige routers. It is implemented based on the SNMPv1, so it will be able to communicate with SNMPv1 NMSs. For SNMPv1 operation, ZyXEL permits one community string so that the router can belong to only one community and allows trap messages to be sent to only one NMS manager.

Some traps are sent to the SNMP manager when anyone of the following events happens:

• coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) :

If the machine coldstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) :

If the machine warmstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

• linkDown (defined in RFC-1215) :

If any link of IDSL or WAN is down, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its interface index under the interface group.

• linkUp (defined in RFC-1215) :

If any link of IDSL or WAN is up, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its interface index under the interface group.

• authenticationFailure (defined in RFC-1215) :

When receiving any SNMP get or set requirement with wrong community, this trap is sent to the manager.

1. whyReboot (defined in ZYXEL-MIB) :

When the system is going to restart (warmstart), the trap will be sent with the reason of restart before rebooting.

(i) For intentional reboot :

In some cases (download new files, CI command "sys reboot", ...), reboot is done intentionally. And traps with the message "System reboot by user !" will be sent.

(ii) For fatal error :

System has to reboot for some fatal errors. And traps with the message of the fatal code will be sent.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

4. Configure the Prestige for SNMP

The SNMP related settings in Prestige are configured in menu 22, SNMP Configuration. The following steps describe a simple setup procedure for configuring all SNMP settings.

Menu 22 - SNMP Configuration

SNMP:

Get Community= public

Set Community= public

Trusted Host= 192.168.1.33

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Trap:

Community= public

Destination= 192.168.1.33

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

Option Descriptions

Get Community

Set Community

Trusted Host

Trap Community

Trap Destination

Using syslog

Enter the correct Get Community. This Get Community must match the 'Get-' and 'GetNext' community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'.

Enter the correct Set Community. This Set Community must match the 'Set-community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'.

Enter the IP address of the NMS. The Prestige will only respond to SNMP messages coming from this IP address. If 0.0.0.0 is entered, the Prestige will respond to all NMS managers.

Enter the community name in each sent trap to the NMS. This Trap Community must match what the NMS is expecting. The default is 'public'.

Enter the IP address of the NMS that you wish to send the traps to. If 0.0.0.0 is entered, the Prestige will not send trap any NMS manager.

4. Prestige Setup

Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - UNIX Syslog and Accounting

UNIX Syslog:

Active= Yes

Syslog IP Address= 192.168.1.33

Log Facility= Local 1

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Configuration:

1. Active, use the space bar to turn on the syslog option.

2. Syslog IP Address, enter the IP address of the UNIX server that you wish to send the syslog.

3. Log Facility, use the space bar to toggle between the 7 different local options.

• UNIX Setup

1. Make sure that your syslogd starts with -r argument.

-r

, this option will enable the facility to receive message from the network using an Internet domain socket with

the syslog services. The default setting is not enabled.

2. Edit the file /etc/syslog.conf by adding the following line at the end of the /etc/syslog.conf file.

local1.* /var/log/zyxel.log

Where /var/log/zyxel.log is the full path of the log file.

3. Restart syslogd.

• CDR log(call messages)

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_CDR, SYSLOG_INFO, String ); String = board xx line xx channel xx, call xx, str board = the hardware board ID line = the WAN ID in a board channel = channel ID within the WAN call = the call reference number which starts from 1 and increments by 1 for each new call str = C01 Outgoing Call dev xx ch xx (dev:device No. ch:channel No.) C01 Incoming Call xxxxBps xxxxx (L2TP,xxxxx means Remote Call ID) C01 Incoming Call xxxx (means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call ID) L02 Tunnel Connected(L2TP) C02 OutCall Connected xxxx (means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call ID) C02 CLID call refused

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

L02 Call Terminated C02 Call Terminated

Example:

Feb 14 16:57:17 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C01 Incoming

Call OK

Feb 14 17:07:18 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C02 Call Terminated

• Packet triggered log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PKTTRI, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = Packet trigger: Protocol=xx Data=xxxxxxxxxx Protocol: (1:IP 2:IPX 3:IPXHC 4:BPDU 5:ATALK 6:IPNG) Data: We will send forty-eight Hex characters to the server

Example:

Jul 19 11:28:39 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1,

Data=4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6f7071727374

Jul 19 11:28:56 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1,

Data=4500002c1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e00000000600220008cd40000020405b4

• Filter log

This message is available when the 'Log' is enabled in the filter rule setting. The message consists of the packet header and the log of the filter rules.

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend(SYSLOG_FILLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = IP[Src=xx.xx.xx.xx Dst=xx.xx.xx.xx prot spo=xxxx dpo=xxxx]S04>R01mD IP[...] is the packet header and S04>R01mD means filter set 4 (S) and rule 1 (R), match (m) drop (D). Src: Source Address Dst: Destination Address

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

prot: Protocol (TCP,UDP,ICMP) spo: Source port dpo: Destination port

Example:

Jul 19 14:44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=202.132.154.1 Dst=192.168.1.33 UDP

spo=0035 dpo=05d4]}S03>R01mF

Jul 19 14:44:13 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=192.168.1.33 Dst=202.132.154.1

ICMP]}S03>R01mF

• PPP Log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PPPLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = ppp:Proto Starting / ppp:Proto Opening / ppp:Proto Closing / ppp:Proto Shutdown Proto = LCP / ATCP / BACP / BCP / CBCP / CCP / CHAP/ PAP / IPCP /IPXCP

Example:

Jul 19 11:43:25 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:29 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:34 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:38 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:43 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Opening

Jul 19 11:43:51 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Opening

Jul 19 11:43:55 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Opening

Jul 19 11:44:00 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:05 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:14 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Closing

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Using IP Alias

• What is IP Alias ?

In a typical environment, a LAN router is required to connect two local networks. The Prestige can connect three local networks to the ISP or a remote node, we call this function as 'IP Alias'. In this case, an internal router is not required. For example, the network manager can divide the local network into three networks and connect them to the Internet using Prestige's single user account. See the figure below.

The Prestige supports three virtual LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface. The first network can be configured in menu 3.2 as usual. The second and third networks that we call 'IP Alias 1' and 'IP Alias 2' can be configured in menu 3.2.1-IP Alias Setup.

There are three internal virtual LAN interfaces for the Prestige to route the packets from/to the three networks correctly. They are enif0 for the major network, enif0:0 for the IP alias 1 and enif0:1 for the IP alias 2. Therefore, three routes are created in the Prestige as shown below when the three networks are configured. If the Prestige's DHCP is also enabled, the IP pool for the clients can be any of the three networks.

ras> ip ro st

Dest FF Len Interface Gateway Metric stat Timer Use

192.168.3.0 00 24 enif0:1 192.168.3.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.2.0 00 24 enif0:0 192.168.2.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.1.0 00 24 enif0 192.168.1.1 1 041b 0 0

ras>

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Two new protocol filter interfaces in menu 3.2.1 allow you to accept or deny LAN packets from/to the IP alias 1 and IP alias 2 go through the Prestige. The filter set in menu 3.1 is used for main network configured in menu

3.2.

• IP Alias Setup

1. Edit the first network in menu 3.2 by configuring the Prestige's first LAN IP address.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup

DHCP= Server

Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33

Size of Client IP Pool= 32

Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Remote DHCP Server= N/A

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address= 192.168.1.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= N/A

Multicast= None

IP Policies=

Edit IP Alias= Yes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

DHCP Setup

TCP/IP Setup

If the Prestige's DHCP server is enabled, the IP pool for the clients can be any of the three networks.

Enter the first LAN IP address for the Prestige. This will create the first route in the enif0 interface.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Edit IP Alias

Toggle to 'Yes' to enter menu 3.2.1 for setting up the second and third networks.

2. Edit the second and third networks in menu 3.2.1 by configuring the Prestige's second and third LAN IP addresses.

Menu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup

IP Alias 1= Yes

IP Address= 192.168.2.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-1

Incoming protocol filters=

Outgoing protocol filters=

IP Alias 2= Yes

IP Address= 192.168.3.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-1

Incoming protocol filters=

Outgoing protocol filters=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Key Settings:

Toggle to 'Yes' and enter the second LAN IP address for the Prestig e. This will create the

IP Alias 1

second route in the enif0:0 interface. Toggle to 'Yes' and enter the third LAN IP address for the Prestige. This will create the

IP Alias 2

third route in the enif0:1 interface.

Using Call Scheduling

1. What is Call Scheduling ?

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Call scheduling enables the mechanisim for the Prestige to run the remote node connection according to the pre-defined schedule.This feature is just like the scheduler ina video recorder which records the program according to the specified time. Users can apply at most 4 schedule sets in Menu 11 ( Remote Node Setup), and configure each schedule in Menu 26(Schedule Setup). The remote node configured with the schedule set could be "Forced On", "Forced Down", "Enable Dial-On-Demand", or "Disable Dial-On-Demand" on specified date and time.

• SMT Menu for Call Scheduling

1. Edit the Schedule sets in menu 26:

Prestige 2602HWL-61C Main Menu

Getting Started Advanced Management

1. General Setup 21. Filter and Firewall Setup

2. WAN Backup Setup 22. SNMP Configuration

3. LAN Setup 23. System Password

4. Internet Access Setup 24. System Maintenance

25. IP Routing Policy Setup

Advanced Applications 26. Schedule Setup

11. Remote Node Setup

12. Static Routing Setup

15. NAT Setup 99. Exit

Enter Menu Selection Number:

2. Select a Schedule Set number and give it a name:

Menu 26 - Schedule Setup

Schedule Schedule

Set # Name Set # Name

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 ZyXEL 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Schedule Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Name= ZyXEL

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3. The Menu 26.1 Schedule Set Setup is as follows:

Menu 26.1 Schedule Set Setup

Active= Yes

Start Date(yyyy-mm-dd)= 2004 - 01 - 01

How Often= Once

Once:

Date(yyyy-mm-dd)= 2004 - 01 - 01

Weekdays:

Sunday= N/A

Monday= N/A

Tuesday= N/A

Wednesday= N/A

Thursday= N/A

Friday= N/A

Saturday= N/A

Start Time(hh:mm)= 12 : 00

Duration(hh:mm)= 16 : 00

Action= Enable Dial-on-demand

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Start date of this schedule rule. It can be unmatched with weekday setting. For

Start Date

example, if Start Date is 2004/10/02(Monday), but Monday setting in weekday can be No.

If once is selected, all weekday settings will ne marked as N/A. After the rule is

How Often

completely, it will be deleted automatically. The node will always keep up during the setting period. It is equivalent to diable the

Forced On

idel timeout. The node will always keep doen during the setting period. The connected remote node

Forced Down

will be dropped.

Enable

The remote node accepts Dial-on-demand during this period.

Dial-On-Demand Disable

Dial-On-Demand

The remote node denies any demand dial during the period. For the existing connected nodes, it will be dropped after idle timeout and no triggered up.

Start Time/

Start Time and Duration of this schedule.

Duration

• Apply the schedule to the Remote node

Multiple scheduling rules can program in a Remote node, and they have priority. For example, if we program the sets as 1,2,3,4 in remote node, then the set 1 will override set 2,3,4. set 2 will override 3,4, and so on.

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= MyISP Route= IP

Active= Yes

Encapsulation= PPPoE Edit IP= No

Service Type= Standard Telco Option:

Service Name= Allocated Budget(min)= 0

Outgoing: Period(hr)= 0

My Login= cso@zyxel Schedules= 1,2,3,4

My Password= ******** Nailed-Up Connection= No

Retype to Confirm= ********

Authen= CHAP/PAP

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Session Options:

Edit Filter Sets= No

Idle Timeout(sec)= 100

Edit Traffic Redirect= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Time Service in Prestige

There is no RTC (Real-Time Clock) chip so the Prestige should launch a mechanism to get current time and date from external server in boot time. Time service is implemented by the Daytime protocol(RFC-867), Time protocol(RFC-868), and NTP protocol(RFC-1305). You have to assign an IP address of a time server and then, the Prestige will get the date, time, and time-zone information from this server.

Menu 24.10 - System Maintenance - Time and Date Setting

Use Time Server when Bootup= Daytime (RFC-867)

Time Server IP Address= 202.132.154.1

Current Time: 00 : 11 : 38

New Time (hh:mm:ss): 00 : 11 : 36

Current Date: 2004 - 01 - 01

New Date (yyyy-mm-dd): 2004 - 01 - 01

Time Zone= GMT+0800

Daylight Saving= No

Start Date (mm-dd): 01 - 00

End Date (mm-dd): 01 - 00

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Using IP Multicast

• What is IP Multicast ?

Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in two ways - unicast or broadcast. Multicast is a third way to deliver IP packets to a group of hosts. Host groups are identified by class D IP addresses, i.e., those with "1110" as their higher-order bits. In dotted decimal notation, host group addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to

239.255.255.255. Among them, 224.0.0.1 is assigned to the permanent IP hosts group, and 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is the protocol used to support multicast groups. The latest version is version 2 (see RFC2236). IP hosts use IGMP to report their multicast group membership to any immediate-neighbor multicast routers so the multicast routers can decide if a multicast packet needs to be forwarded. At start up, the Prestige queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership.

After that, the Prestige updates the information by periodic queries. The Prestige implementation of IGMP is also compatible with version 1. The multicast setting can be turned on or off on Ethernet and remote nodes.

• IP Multicast Setup

Enable IGMP in Prestige's LAN in menu 3.2:

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup

DHCP= Server

Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33

Size of Client IP Pool= 32

Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Remote DHCP Server= N/A

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address= 192.168.1.1

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= Both

Version= RIP-2B

Multicast= IGMP-v2

IP Policies=

Edit IP Alias= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Enable IGMP in Prestige's remote node in menu 11.3:

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Options: Bridge Options:

IP Address Assignment = Dynamic Ethernet Addr Timeout(min)= N/A

Rem IP Addr = 0.0.0.0

Rem Subnet Mask= 0.0.0.0

My WAN Addr= N/A

NAT= SUA Only

Address Mapping Set= N/A

Metric= 2

Private= No

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-2B

Multicast= IGMP-v2

IP Policies=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Key Settings:

Multicast

IGMP-v1 for IGMP version 1, IGMP-v2 for IGMP version 2.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Using Prestige traffic redirect

• What is Traffic Redirect ?

Traffic redirect forwards WAN traffic to a backup gateway when Prestige cannot connect to the Internet through it's normal gateway. Thus make your backup gateway as an auxiliary backup of your WAN connection. Once Prestige detects it's WAN connectivity is broken, Prestige will try to forward outgoing traffic to backup gateway that users specify in traffic redirect configuration menu.

• How to deploy backup gateway?

You can deploy the backup gateway on LAN of Prestige.

Traffic Redirect on LAN port

• Traffic Redirect Setup

Configure parameters that determine when Prestige will forward WAN traffic to the backup gateway using SMT Menu 2 WAN Backup Setup.

Menu 2 - Wan Backup Setup

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Check Mechanism = DSL Link

Check WAN IP Address1 = 0.0.0.0

Check WAN IP Address2 = 0.0.0.0

Check WAN IP Address3 = 0.0.0.0

KeepAlive Fail Tolerance = 5

Recovery Interval(sec) = 60

ICMP Timeout(sec) = 0

Traffic Redirect = Yes

Key Settings:

Label Description

Backup Type

Check WAN IP Address1-3

Fail Tolerance

Recovery Interval

Select the method that the Prestige uses to check the DSL connection.

Select DSL Link to have the Prestige check if the connection to the DSLAM is up. Select ICMP to have the Prestige periodically ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address fields.

Configure this field to test your Prestige's WAN accessibility. Type the IP address of a reliable nearby computer (for example, your ISP's DNS server address).

If you select ICMP in the Backup Type field, you must configure at least one IP address here.

When using a WAN backup connection, the Prestige periodically pin gs the addresses configured here and uses the other WAN backup connection (if configured) if there is no response.

Type the number of times (2 recommended) that your Prestige may ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address fields without getting a response before switching to a WAN backup connection (or a different WAN backup connection).

When the Prestige is using a lower priority connection (usually a WAN backup connection), it periodically checks to whether or not it can use a higher priority connection.

Timeout

Traffic

Type the number of seconds (30 recommended) for the Prestige to wait between checks. Allow more time if your destination IP address handles lots of traffic.

Type the number of seconds (3 recommended) for your Prestige to wait for a ping response from one of the IP addresses in the Check WAN IP Address fields before timing out the request. The WAN connection is considered "down" after the Prestige times out the number of times specified in the Fail Tolerance field. Use a higher value in this field if your network is busy or congested.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Label Description

Redirect

Active

Metric

Backup

Gateway

Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.

Apply Click Apply to save the changes.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Select this check box to have the Prestige use traffic redirect if the normal WAN connection goes down.

If you activate traffic redirect, you must configure at least one Check WAN IP Address.

This field sets this route's priority among the routes the Prestige uses.

The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". RIP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of "1" for directly connected networks. The number must be between "1" and "15"; a number greater than "15" means the link is down. The smaller the number, the lower the "cost".

Type the IP address of your backup gateway in dotted decimal notation. The Prestige automatically forwards traffic to this IP address if the Prestige's Internet connection terminates.

Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)

• 1. What is UPnP

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) makes connecting PCs of all form factors, intelligent appliances, and wireless devices in the home, office, and everywhere in between easier and even automatic by leveraging TCP/IP and Web technologies. UPnP can be supported on essentially any operating system and works with essentially any type of physical networking media – wired or wireless.

UPnP also supports NAT Traversal which can automatically solve many NAT unfriendly problems. By UPnP, applications assign the dynamic port mappings to Internet gateway and delete the mappings when the connections are complete.

The key components in UPnP are devices, services, and control points.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• Devices: Network devices, such as networking gateways, TV, refrigerators, printers...etc, which

provides services.

• Services: Services are provided by devices, such as time services provided by alarm clocks. In

UPnP, services are described in XML format. Control points can set/get services information from devices.

• Control points: Control points can manipulate network devices When you add a new control

point (in this case, a laptop) to a network, the device may ask the network to find UPnP-enabled devices. These devices respond with their URLs and device descriptions.

UPnP Operations

• Addressing: UPnPv1 devices MAY support IPv4, IPv6, or both. For IPv4, each devices should have DHCP client, when the device gets connected to the network, it will discover DHCP server on network to get an IP address. If not, then Auto-IP mechanism should be supported so that the device can give itself an IP address.(169.254.0.0/16)

• Discovery: Whenever a device is added on the network, it will advertise it's service over the network.

Control point can also discover services provided by devices.

• Description: Control points can get more detailed service information from devices' description in XML

format. The description may include product name, model name, serial number, vendor ID, and embedded services...etc.

• Control: Devices can be manipulated by control points through Control message.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

• Eventing: Devices can send event message to notify control points if there is any update on services

provided.

• Presentation: Each device can provide their own control interface by URL link. So that users can go to

the device's presentation web page by the URL to control this device.

• 2. Using UPnP in ZyXEL devices

In this example, we will introduce how to enable UPnP function in ZyXEL devices. Currently, Microsoft MSN is the most popular application exploiting UPnP, so we take Microsoft MSN application as an example in this support note. You can learn how MSN benefit from NAT traversal feature in UPnP in this application note.

In the diagram, suppose PC1 and PC2 both sign in MSN server, and they would like to establish a video conference. PC1 is behind PPPoE dial-up router which supports UPnP. Since the router supports UPnP, we don't need to setup NAT mapping for PC1. As long as we enable UPnP function on the router, PC1 will assign the mapping to the router dynamically. Note that since PC1 must support UPnP, we presume that it's OS is Microsoft WinME or WinXP.

Device: Prestige Router Service: NAT function provided by Prestige Router Control Point: PC1

1. Enable UPnP function in ZyXEL device

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Go to Advanced->UPnP, check two boxes, Active UPnP feature and Allow users to make configuration changes through UPnP.

The first check box enables UPnP function in this device.

The second check box allow users' application to change configuration in this device. For instance, if you enable this item, then user's MSN application can assign dynamic port mapping to the router. So that network administrator don't need to setup SUA port mapping in the router.

2. After getting IP address, you can go to open MSN application on PC and sign in MSN server.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

3. Start a Video conversation with one online user.

4. On the opposite side, your partner select Accept to accept your conversation request.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

5. Finally, your video conversation is achieved.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Wireless Application Notes (For Wireless Model Only)

Infrastructure mode

What is Infrastructure mode?

Infrastructure mode, sometimes referred to as Access Point mode, is an operating mode of an 802.11b/Wi-Fi client unit. In infrastructure mode, the client unit can associate with an 802.11b/Wi-Fi Access Point and communicate with other clients in infrastructure mode through that access point.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Configuration Prestige Wireless using SMT.

To configure Infrastructure mode of your Prestige wireless VoIP IAD please follow the steps below.

1. From the SMT main menu, enter 3 to display Menu 3 – LAN Setup.

2. Enter 5 to display Menu 3.5 – Wireless LAN Setup.

Menu 3.5- Wireless LAN Setup

ESSID= Wireless

Hide ESSID= No

Channel ID= CH07 2442MHz

RTS Threshold= 2432

Frag. Threshold= 2432

WEP= Disable

Default Key= N/A

Key1= N/A

Key2= N/A

Key3= N/A

Key4= N/A

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

Edit MAC Address Filter= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3. Configure ESSID, Channel ID, WEP, Default Key and Keys as yo desire.

Configuration Wireless Access Point to Infrastructure mode using Web configurator.

To configure Infrastructure mode of your Prestige wireless VoIP IAD please follow the steps below.

1. From the web configurator main menu, click Network->wireless LAN to display –Wireless LAN.

3. Configure the desired configuation on Prestige wireless VoIP IAD and check the Active wireless LAN check box.

4. When finish click on apply button to take effect.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

•

Configuration Wireless Station to Infrastructure mode

To configure Infrastructure mode on your ZyAIR B-100/B-200/B-300 wireless NIC card please follow the following steps.

1. Double click on the utility icon in your windows task bar the utility will pop up on your windows screen.

2. Select configuration tab.

3. Select Infrastructure from the operation mode pull down menu, fill in an SSID or leave it as any if you wish to connect to any AP than press Apply Change to take effect.

4. Click on Site Survey tab, and press search all the available AP will be listed.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

5. Double click on the AP you want to associated with.

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

6. After the client have associated with the selected AP. The linked AP's channel, current linkup rate, SSID, link quality, and signal strength will show on the Link Info page. You now successfully associate with the selected AP with Infrastructure Mode.

Wireless MAC address filtering

MAC Filter Overview

Users can use MAC Filter as a method to restrict unauthorized stations from accessing the APs. ZyXEL's APs provide the capability for checking MAC address of the station before allowing it to connect to the network. This provides an additional layer of control layer in that only stations with registered MAC addresses can connect. This approach requires that the list of MAC addresses be configured.

2. ZyXEL MAC Filter Implementation

ZyXEL's MAC Filter Implementation allows users to define a list to allow or block association from STAs. The filter set allows users to input 12 entries in the list. If Allow Association is selected, all other STAs which are not on the list will be denied. Otherwise, if Deny Association is selected, all other STAs which are not on the list will be allowed for association. Users can choose either way to configure their filter rule.

3. Configure the WLAN MAC Filter

The MAC Filter related settings in ZyXEL APs are configured in menu 3.5.1, WLAN MAC Address Filter Configuration. Before you configure the MAC filter, you need to know the MAC address of the client first. If

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Prestige 2602HWL-DxA Support Notes

not knowing what your MAC address is, please enter a command "ipconfig /all" after DOS prompt to get the MAC (physical) address of your wireless client.

If you use SMT management, the MAC Address Filter configuration are as shown below.

Enter the MAC Addresses of wireless cards in the filter set to allow or deny association from these cards.

Menu 3.5.1 - WLAN MAC Address Filter

Active= Yes

Filter Action= Allowed Association

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1= 11:11:11:11:11:11 13= 00:00:00:00:00:00 25= 00:00:00:00:00:00

2= 00:00:00:00:00:00 14= 00:00:00:00:00:00 26= 00:00:00:00:00:00

3= 00:00:00:00:00:00 15= 00:00:00:00:00:00 27= 00:00:00:00:00:00

4= 00:00:00:00:00:00 16= 00:00:00:00:00:00 28= 00:00:00:00:00:00

5= 00:00:00:00:00:00 17= 00:00:00:00:00:00 29= 00:00:00:00:00:00

6= 00:00:00:00:00:00 18= 00:00:00:00:00:00 30= 00:00:00:00:00:00

7= 00:00:00:00:00:00 19= 00:00:00:00:00:00 31= 00:00:00:00:00:00

8= 00:00:00:00:00:00 20= 00:00:00:00:00:00 32= 00:00:00:00:00:00

9= 00:00:00:00:00:00 21= 00:00:00:00:00:00

10= 00:00:00:00:00:00 22= 00:00:00:00:00:00 11= 00:00:00:00:00:00 23= 00:00:00:00:00:00

12= 00:00:00:00:00:00 24= 00:00:00:00:00:00

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Key Settings:

Option Descriptions

Allow or block association from MAC addresses contained in this list. If Allow Association is selected in this field, hosts with MAC addresses configured in this list will be allowed to

Filter Action

associate with AP. If Deny Association is selected in this field, hosts with MAC addresses configured in this list will be blocked.

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ZyXEL Communications 2602HWL-DXA User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual