ZyXEL Communications 2602H-6XC User Manual

Prestige 2602H-6xC

ADSL VoIP IAD

Support Notes

Version 3.40 March. 2005

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

INDEX

Application Notes.........................................................................................................8

General Application Notes.....................................................................................8

Internet Connection................................................................................................8

Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay............................................................11

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA..................................................13

Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA........................................................15

Using NAT / Multi-NAT..............................................................................19

About Filter & Filter Examples ...................................................................40

Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)...............................................................63

Network Management Using SNMP...........................................................65

Using syslog.................................................................................................71

Using IP Alias ..............................................................................................75

Using Call Scheduling .................................................................................77

Using IP Multicast .......................................................................................82

Using Prestige traffic redirect......................................................................84

Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)...........................................................87

VoIP Application Notes........................................................................................92

Setup SIP Account.......................................................................................92

Phone port settings.......................................................................................96

Phone book Speed dial.................................................................................98

FAQ ...........................................................................................................................100

ZyNOS FAQ ......................................................................................................100

What is ZyNOS?........................................................................................100

How do I access the embedded web configurator?....................................100

What is the default LAN IP address and Password? Moreover, how do I

change it?...................................................................................................101

How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via embeded web

configurator?..............................................................................................101

How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using FTP client

program via LAN?.....................................................................................101

How do I upload or backup ROMFILE via web configurator?.................102

How do I backup/restore configurations by using FTP client program via

LAN?..........................................................................................................102

Why can't I make Telnet to Prestige from WAN?.....................................102

What should I do if I forget the system password?....................................103

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

What is SUA? When should I use SUA?...................................................103

What is the difference between NAT and SUA?.......................................103

How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?.............................104

What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.............................................104

Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?............................104

Product FAQ ......................................................................................................104

What is the Prestige Integrated Access Device?........................................104

Will the Prestige work with my Internet connection?................................105

What do I need to use the Prestige?...........................................................105

What is PPPoE? .........................................................................................105

Does the Prestige support PPPoE?.............................................................105

How do I know I am using PPPoE?...........................................................105

Why does my provider use PPPoE?...........................................................106

Which Internet Applications can I use with the Prestige? .........................106

How can I configure the Prestige?.............................................................106

What network interface does the Prestige support?...................................106

What can we do with Prestige?..................................................................106

Does Prestige support dynamic IP addressing?.........................................106

What is the difference between the internal IP and the real IP from my ISP?

....................................................................................................................106

How does e-mail work through the Prestige?............................................107

Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? If possible, how?.........................................................................107

What DHCP capability does the Prestige support?....................................107

How do I used the reset button, more over what field of parameter will be

reset by reset button? .................................................................................107

What network interface does the new Prestige series support?.................108

How does the Prestige support TFTP?.......................................................108

Can the Prestige support TFTP over WAN? ..............................................108

How fast can the data go?..........................................................................108

What is Multi-NAT? ..................................................................................109

When do I need Multi-NAT? .....................................................................109

What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support? .....................................110

What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT? ............................. 111

What is BOOTP/DHCP?............................................................................111

What is DDNS?..........................................................................................111

When do I need DDNS service?................................................................112

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

What DDNS servers does the Prestige support?........................................112

What is DDNS wildcard?...........................................................................112

Does the Prestige support DDNS wildcard?..............................................112

Can the Prestige SUA handle IPsec packets sent by the VPN gateway

behind Prestige?.........................................................................................112

How do I setup my Prestige for routing IPsec packets over SUA?...........113

VoIP FAQ...........................................................................................................113

What is Voice over IP?..............................................................................113

How does Voice over IP work?.................................................................113

Why use VoIP?..........................................................................................113

What is the relationship between codec and VoIP?...................................114

What advantage does Voice over IP can provide?.....................................114

What is the difference between H.323 and SIP?........................................114

Can H.323 and SIP interoperate with one another?...................................114

What is voice quality?................................................................................114

How are voice quality normally rated?......................................................114

What is codec?...........................................................................................115

What is the relation of codec and VoIP? ...................................................115

What codec does Prestige support?............................................................115

Which codec should I choose?...................................................................115

What do I need in order to use SIP? ..........................................................115

Unable to register with the SIP server?......................................................116

I can register but can not establish a call?..................................................116

I can make a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?.............116

I can receive a call but the voice only goes one way not bothway?..........116

If all the about have been tried, but register still fail what should I do?....117

I suspect there is a hardware problem with my Prestige what should I do?117

Firewall FAQ .....................................................................................................117

What is a network firewall?.......................................................................117

What makes Prestige firewall secure? .......................................................117

What are the basic types of firewalls? .......................................................118

What kind of firewall is the Prestige?........................................................118

Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet filtering and

NAT built-in?.............................................................................................119

What is Denials of Service (DoS)attack?...................................................119

What is Ping of Death attack?....................................................................119

What is Teardrop attack?...........................................................................119

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

What is SYN Flood attack?........................................................................119

What is LAND attack?...............................................................................120

What is Brute-force attack? .......................................................................120

What is IP Spoofing attack?.......................................................................120

What are the default ACL firewall rules in Prestige?................................120

How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?.........................................121

Content Filter FAQ ............................................................................................122

IPSec FAQ .........................................................................................................122

What is VPN? ............................................................................................122

Why do I need VPN?.................................................................................123

What are most common VPN protocols?...................................................123

What is PPTP? ...........................................................................................123

What is L2TP? ...........................................................................................124

What is IPSec?...........................................................................................124

What secure protocols does IPSec support? ..............................................124

What are the differences between 'Transport mode' and 'Tunnel mode?...124

What is SA? ...............................................................................................125

What is IKE?..............................................................................................125

What is Pre-Shared Key?...........................................................................125

What are the differences between IKE and manual key VPN? .................125

What is Phase 1 ID for?.............................................................................125

What are Local ID and Peer ID?................................................................126

When should I use FQDN?........................................................................126

Is my Prestige ready for IPSec VPN?........................................................126

How do I configure Prestige VPN? ...........................................................127

How many VPN connections does Prestige support?................................127

What VPN protocols are supported by Prestige?.......................................127

What types of encryption does Prestige VPN support?.............................127

What types of authentication does Prestige VPN support? .......................127

I am planning my Prestige-to-Prestige VPN configuration. What do I need

to know?.....................................................................................................127

Does Prestige support dynamic secure gateway IP?..................................128

What VPN gateway that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......128

What VPN software that has been tested with Prestige successfully?.......129

Will ZyXEL support Secure Remote Management?..................................129

Does Prestige VPN support NetBIOS broadcast? .....................................129

Is the host behind NAT allowed to use IPSec? ..........................................129

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Why does VPN throughput decrease when staying in SMT menu 24.1?..129

Where can I configure Phase 1 ID in Prestige? .........................................130

If I have NAT router between two VPN gateways, and I would like to use

IP type as Phase 1 ID, what should I know?..............................................130

How can I keep a tunnel alive?..................................................................131

Single, Range, Subnet, which types of IP address do Prestige

10/10II/10W/50/100 support in VPN/IPSec? ............................................131

Can Prestige support IPSec passthrough?..................................................131

Can Prestige behave as a NAT router supporting IPSec passthrough and an

IPSec gateway simultaneously?.................................................................132

Wireless FAQ...................................................................錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is a Wireless LAN ? ....................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What are the advantages of Wireless LANs ? ......... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What are the disadvantages of Wireless LANs ?.....錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Where can you find wireless 802.11 networks ? ..... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is an Access Point ?........................................ 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is IEEE 802.11 ?............................................. 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is 802.11b ? .................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

How fast is 802.11b ?............................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is 802.11a ?..................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is 802.11g ? .................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Is it possible to use products from a variety of vendors ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is Wi-Fi ?........................................................ 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What types of devices use the 2.4GHz Band ?........ 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Does the 802.11 interfere with Bluetooth devices ? 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Can radio signals pass through walls ?.................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What are potential factors that may causes interference among WLAN

products ?................................................................. 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What's the difference between a WLAN and a WWAN ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is Ad Hoc mode ?........................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is Infrastructure mode ?..................................錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

How many Access Points are required in a given area ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Technology – (DSSS) ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum Technology – (FHSS) ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Do I need the same kind of antenna on both sides of a link ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Why the 2.4 Ghz Frequency range ?........................ 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is Server Set ID (SSID) ? ............................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

What is an ESSID ?.................................................. 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

How do I secure the data across an Access Point's radio link ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is WEP ?......................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is the difference between 40-bit and 64-bit WEP ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is a WEP key ? ............................................ 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

A WEP key is a user defined string of characters used to encrypt and

decrypt data ?........................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Can the SSID be encrypted ? ................................ 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

By turning off the broadcast of SSID, can someone still sniff the SSID ?錯誤! 尚未定義書籤

What are Insertion Attacks ?....................................錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is Wireless Sniffer ? ....................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is the difference between Open System and Shared Key of

Authentication Type ?..............................................錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is 802.1x ? ...................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is the difference between No authentication required, No access

allowed and Authentication required ?.................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is AAA ?......................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is RADIUS ?................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is WPA ?......................................................... 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

What is WPA-PSK?................................................. 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。

Trouble Shooting......................................................................................................132

Using Embedded Packet Trace ..........................................................................132

Debug PPPoE Connection .................................................................................147

CLI Command List..................................................................................................159

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Application Notes

General Application Notes

Internet Connection

A typical Internet access application of the Prestige is shown below. For a small office, there are some components needs to be checked before accessing the Internet.

• Before you begin

• Setting up the Windows

• Setting up the Prestige router

• Troubleshooting

• Before you begin

The Prestige is shipped with the following factory default:

1. IP address = 192.168.1.1, subnet mask = 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)

2. DHCP server enabled with IP pool starting from 192.168.1.33

3. Default SMT menu password = 1234

• Setting up the PC (Windows OS)

1. Ethernet connection

All PCs must have an Ethernet adapter card installed.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• If you only have one PC, connect the PC's Ethernet adapter to the Prestige's LAN port with a

crossover (red one) Ethernet cable.

• If you have more than one PC, both the PC's Ethernet adapters and the Prestige's LAN port must

be connected to an external hub with straight Ethernet cable.

2. TCP/IP Installation

You must first install TCP/IP software on each PC before you can use it for Internet access. If you have already installed TCP/IP, go to the next section to configure it; otherwise, follow these steps to install:

• In the Control Panel/Network window, click Add button.

• In the Select Network Component Type windows, select Protocol and click Add.

• In the Select Network Protocol windows, select Microsoft from the manufacturers, then select

TCP/IP from the Network Protocols and click OK.

3. TCP/IP Configuration

Follow these steps to configure Windows TCP/IP:

• In the Control Panel/Network window, click the TCP/IP entry to select it and click Properties

button.

• In the TCP/IP Properties window, select obtain an IP address automatically.

Note: Do not assign arbitrary IP address and subnet mask to your PCs, otherwise, you will not be able to access the Internet.

• Click the WINS configuration tab and select Disable WINS Resolution.

• Click the Gateway tab. Highlight any installed gateways and click the Remove button until there

are none listed.

• Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS.

• Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP properties window

• Click OK to close the Network window. You will be prompted to insert your Windows CD or disk.

When the drivers are updated, you will be asked if you want to restart the PC. Make sure your Prestige is powered on before answering Yes to the prompt. Repeat the above steps for each Windows PC on your network.

• Setting up the Prestige router

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

The following procedure is for the most typical usage of the Prestige where you have a single-user account (SUA). The Prestige supports embedded web server that allows you to use Web browser to configure it. Before configuring the router using Browser please be sure there is no Telnet or Console login.

1. Retrieve Prestige Web

Please enter the LAN IP address of the Prestige router in the URL location to retrieve the web screen from the Prestige. The default LAN IP of the Prestige is 192.168.1.1. See the example below. Note that you can either use http://192.168.1.1

2. Login first

The default password is the default SMT password, '1234'.

3. Configure Prestige for Internet access by using WIZARD SETUP The Web screen shown below takes PPPoE as the example.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Select “Dynamic＂ if the ISP provides the IP dynamically, otherwise select “Use Fixed IP address＂ and enter the static IP given by ISP in the box following“MY WAN IP Address＂field.

Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Relay

• What is DHCP Relay?

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P2602 supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured as DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to the LAN clients. When it is configured as DHCP relay, it is reponsable for forwarding the requests and responses negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• Setup the Prestige as a DHCP Client

1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in menu 3.2 and enter the IP address of the DHCP server in the 'Relay Server Address' field.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup

DHCP= Relay

Client IP Pool Starting Address= N/A

Size of Client IP Pool= N/A

Primary DNS Server= N/A

Secondary DNS Server= N/A

Remote DHCP Server= 192.168.1.2

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address= 192.168.1.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= N/A

Multicast= None

IP Policies=

Edit IP Alias= No

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA

• Introduction

If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users, even though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the Prestige, a server must have a fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each time it is powered on.

In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.

• Configuration

To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of the server in 'Menu 15.2.1', Multiple Server Configuration. The outside users can access the local server using the Prestige's

WAN IP

address which can be obtained from menu 24.1.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• For example (Configuring an internal Web server for outside access) :

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 80 80 192.168.1.10

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Port numbers for some services

Service Port Number

FTP 21

Telnet 23

SMTP 25

DNS (Domain Name Server) 53

www-http (Web) 80

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Configure a PPTP server Behind SUA

• Introduction

PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets to be encapsulated within Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP network, including the Internet itself.

In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to establish an IP connection with a tunnel server such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access Server.

Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure,optimized multiple-protocol network connection over dial-up telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be encrypted and compressed, and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet.

Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack

PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system. Since PPTP encapsulates its data stream in the PPP protocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

The PPTP is supported in Windows NT and Windows 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs to be upgraded by the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.

• Configuration

This application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote private network in the Prestige SUA case. In ZyNOS, all PPTP packets can be forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server) behind SUA. The port number of the PPTP has to be entered in the SMT Menu 15 for Prestige to forward to the appropriate private IP address of Windows NT server.

• Example

The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the Prestige and then establish a tunnel to a private network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT), PPTP client (Win9x) and the Prestige.

o PPTP server setup (WinNT)

 Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network  Add an user account for PPTP logged on user  Enable RAS port  Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI  Set the Internet gateway to Prestige

o PPTP client setup (Win9x)

 Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correct

username & password and the IP address of the Prestige's Internet IP address for logging to NT RAS server.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

 Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP

o Prestige router setup

• Before making a VPN connection from Win9x to WinNT server, you need to connect Prestige

router to your ISP first.

• Enter the IP address of the PPTP server (WinNT server) and the port number for PPTP as shown

below.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 1723 1723 192.168.1.10

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achieve, you can place a VPN call from the remote Win9x client.

For example:

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

C:\ping 203.66.113.2

When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic through that connection. Therefore, the output below shows the default gateway of the Win9x client after the dial-up connection has been established.

Before making a VPN connection from the Win9x client to the NT server, you need to know the exact Internet IP address that the ISP assigns to Prestige router in SUA mode and enter this IP address in the VPN dial-up dialog box. You can check this Internet IP address from PNC Monitor or SMT Menu

24.1. If the Internet IP address is a fixed IP address provided by ISP in SUA mode, then you can always use this IP address for reaching the VPN server.

In the following example, the IP address '140.113.1.225' is dynamically assigned by ISP. You must enter this IP address in the 'VPN Server' dialog box for reaching the PPTP server. After the VPN link is established, you can start the network protocol application such as IP, IPX and NetBEUI.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Using NAT / Multi-NAT

• What is Multi-NAT?

NAT (Network Address Translation-NAT RFC 1631) is the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One network is designated the

inside

network and the other is the or more global outside IP addresses and "unmaps" the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses. The IP addresses for the NAT can be either fixed or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. In such case, all incoming connections to your network will be filtered out by the Prestige, thus

outside

. Typically, a company maps its local inside network addresses to one

preventing intruders from probing your network.

The SUA feature that the Prestige supports previously operates by mapping the private IP addresses to a global IP address. It is only one subset of the NAT. The Prestige with ZyNOS V3.40 supports the most of the features of the NAT based on RFC 1631, and we call this feature as 'Multi-NAT'. For more information on IP address translation, please refer to RFC 1631,

• How NAT works

The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)

.

If we define the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA), see the following figure. The term 'inside' refers to the set of networks that are subject to translation. NAT operates by mapping the ILA to the IGA required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers) and then forwards each packet to the Internet ISP, thus making them appear as if they had come from the NAT system itself (e.g., the Prestige router). The Prestige keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

1. NAT Mapping Types

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:

2. One to One

In One-to-One mode, the Prestige maps one ILA to one IGA.

3. Many to One

In Many-to-One mode, the Prestige maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option in today's routers).

4. Many to Many Overload

In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the Prestige maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

5. Many to Many No Overload

In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the Prestige maps each ILA to unique IGA.

• Server

In Server mode, the Prestige maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

The following table summarizes these types.

NA T Type IP Mapping

Mapping Direction

One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1 Both

ILA1---->IGA1

Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)

ILA2---->IGA1

Outgoing

... ILA1---->IGA1

ILA2---->IGA2

Many-to-Many Overload

ILA3---->IGA1

Outgoing ILA4---->IGA2 ...

ILA1---->IGA1

Many-to-Many No Overload

(Allocate by Connections)

ILA2---->IGA3 ILA3---->IGA2 ILA4---->IGA4

Outgoing

...

Server

Incoming Server 2 IP<----IGA1

Server 1 IP<----IGA1

• SUA Versus NAT

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules, Many-to-One and Server. The Prestige now has Full Feature NAT support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers. With multiple global IP addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP servers) are allowed on the LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions (that supported SUA 'visible' servers had to be of different types. The Prestige supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The Prestige 2602HW supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Set in menu 15.1 is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.

• SMT Menus

1. Applying NAT in the SMT Menus

21

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

You apply NAT via menus 4 and 11.3 as displayed next. The next figure how you apply NAT for Internet access in menu 4. Enter 4 from the Main Menu to go to Menu 4-Internet Access Setup.

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= MyISP

Encapsulation= PPPoE

Multiplexing= LLC-based

VPI #= 0

VCI #= 33

ATM QoS Type= UBR

Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0

Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0

Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0

My Login= cso@zyxel

My Password= ********

Idle Timeout (sec)= 0

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic

IP Address= N/A

Network Address Translation= Full Feature

Address Mapping Set= 1

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the options for Network Address Translation.

Field Options Description

When you select this option the SMT will use Address

Network Address Translation

Full Feature

None

SUA Only

Mapping Set 1 (Menu 15.1-see later for further discussion).

NAT is disabled when you select this option. When you select this option the SMT will use Address

Mapping Set 255 (Menu 15.1-see later for further discussion). This option use basically Many-to-One

22

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Overload mapping. Select Full Feature when you require other mapping types. It is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions. Note that there is also a Server type whose IGA is 0.0.0.0 in this set.

Table: Applying NAT in Menu 4 and Menu 11.3

2. Configuring NAT

To configure NAT, enter 15 from the Main Menu to bring up the following screen.

Menu 15 - NAT Setup

1. Address Mapping Sets

2. NAT Server Sets

3. Address Mapping Sets and NAT Server Sets

Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign global addresses to LAN clients. Each remote node must specify which NAT Address Mapping Set to use. The P2602HW has 8 remote nodes and so allows you to configure 8 NAT Address Mapping Set. You can see nine NAT Address Mapping sets in Menu 15.1. You can only configure from Set 1 to Set 8. Set 255 is used for SUA. When you select Full Feature in menu 4 or 11.3. When you select SUA Only, the SMT will use Set 15.2.

The NAT Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports. To use this set (one set for the Prestige), a server rule must be set up inside the NAT Address Mapping set. Please see NAT Server Sets

for

further information on these menus.

Enter 1 to bring up Menu 15.1-Address Mapping Sets

23

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Menu 15.1 - Address Mapping Sets

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

255. SUA (read only)

Enter Set Number to Edit:

Let's first look at Option 255. Option 255 is equivalent to SUA in previous ZyXEL routers. The fields in this menu cannot be changed. Entering 255 brings up this screen.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= SUA

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 M-1

2. 0.0.0.0 Server

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

24

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

The following table explains the fields in this screen. Please note that the fields in this menu are read-only.

Field Description Option/Example

Set Name

SUA

the name of a new set you want to create.

Idx This is the index or rule number. 1

0.0.0.0 for the

Local Start IP This is the starting local IP address (ILA).

Many-to-One type.

This is the starting local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all

This is the name of the set you selected in Menu 15.1 or enter

Local End IP

local IPs, then the Start IP is 0.0.0.0 and the End IP is

255.255.255.255

255.255.255.255.

Global Start

This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a

0.0.0.0

IP

dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global Start IP. Global End IP This is the ending global IP address (IGA). N/A Type This is the NAT mapping types. Many-to-One and Server

Please note that the fields in this menu are read-only. However, the settings of the server set 1 can be modified in menu 15.1.1.

Now let's look at Option 1 in Menu 15.1.1 Enter 1 to bring up this menu.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= ?

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

25

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

9.

10.

Action= Edit , Select Rule= 0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

We will just look at the differences from the previous menu. Note that, this screen is not read only, so we have extra Action and Select Rule fields. Not also that the [?] in the Set Name field means that this is a required field and you must enter a name for the set. The description of the other fields is as described above. The Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs are configured in Menu 15.1.1 (described later) and the values are displayed here.

Field Description Option

Set Name

Rule1

that if this field is left blank, the entire set will be deleted.

They are 4 actions. The default is Edit. Edit means you want to edit a selected rule (see following field). Insert Before means to insert a new

Edit

rule before the rule selected. The rule after the selected rule will then be

Insert Before

Enter a name for this set of rules. This is a required field. Please note

Action

moved down by one rule. Delete means to delete the selected rule and

Delete

then all the rules after the selected one will be advanced one rule. Save

Save Set

Set means to save the whole set (note when you choose this action the Select Rule item will be disabled).

When you choose Edit, Insert Before or Save Set in the previous field

Select Rule

the cursor jumps to this field to allow you to select the rule to apply the

1

action in question.

Note: Save Set in the Action field means to save the whole set. You must do this if you make any changes to the set-including deleting a rule. No changes to the set take place until this action is taken. Be careful when ordering your rules as each rule is executed in turn beginning from the first rule.

Selecting Edit in the Action field and then selecting a rule brings up the following menu, Menu

15.1.1.1-Address Mapping Rule in which you can edit an individual rule and configure the Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs displayed in Menu 15.1.1.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One

26

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Local IP:

Start= 0.0.0.0

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= 0.0.0.0

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Field Description Option/Example

One-to-One Many-to-One

Press [SPACEBAR] to toggle through a total of 5 types. These

Many-to-Many Overload

Type

are the mapping types discussed above plus a server type. Some

Many-to-Many No

examples follow to clarify these a little more.

Overload Server

Start This is the starting local IP address (ILA) 0.0.0.0 Local IP

End

This is the ending local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IPs, then put the Start IP as 0.0.0.0 and the End IP as

255.255.255.255

255.255.255.255. This field is N/A for One-to-One type.

This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a Global IP

Start

dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global Start IP.

This is the ending global IP address (IGA). This field is N/A for

End

0.0.0.0

200.1.1.64

One-to-One, Many-to-One and Server types.

Note: For all Local and Global IPs, the End IP address must begin after the IP Start address, i.e., you cannot have an End IP address beginning before the Start IP address.

• NAT Server Sets

27

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

The NAT Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports (similar to the old SUA menu of before). If you wish, you can make inside servers for different services, e.g., Web or FTP, visible to the outside users, even though NAT makes your network appears as a single machine to the outside world. A server is identified by the port number, e.g., Web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21.

As an example (see the following figure), if you have a Web server at 192.168.1.36 and a FTP server at

192.168.1.33, then you need to specify for port 80 (Web) the server at IP address 192.168.1.36 and for port 21 (FTP) another at IP address 192.168.1.33.

Please note that a server can support more than one service, e.g., a server can provide both FTP and Mail service, while another provides only Web service.

The following procedures show how to configure a server behind NAT.

Step 1. Enter 15 in the Main Menu to go to Menu 15-NAT Setup. Step 2. Enter 2 to go to Menu 15.2.1-NAT Server Setup. Step 3. Enter the service port number in the Port# field and the inside IP address of the server in the IP Address field. Step 4. Press [SPACEBAR] at the 'Press ENTER to confirm...' prompt to save your configuration after you define all the servers or press ESC at any time to cancel.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

28

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

2. 21 21 192.168.1.33

3. 80 80 192.168.1.36

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.

Service Port Number FTP 21 Telnet 23 SMTP 25 DNS (Domain Name Server) 53 www-http (Web) 80 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling

1723

Protocol)

1. Internet Access Only

In our Internet Access example, we only need one rule where all our ILAs map to one IGA assigned by the ISP. See the following figure.

29

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= MyISP

Encapsulation= PPPoE

Multiplexing= LLC-based

VPI #= 0

VCI #= 33

ATM QoS Type= UBR

Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0

Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0

Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0

My Login= cso@zyxel

My Password= ********

Idle Timeout (sec)= 0

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic

IP Address= N/A

Network Address Translation= SUA Only

Address Mapping Set= 1

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

30

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

From Menu 4 shown above simply choose the SUA Only option from the NAT field. This is the Many-to-One mapping discussed earlier. The SUA read only option from the NAT field in menu 4 and 11.3 is specifically pre-configured to handle this case.

2. Internet Access with an Internal Server

In this case, we do exactly as above (use the convenient pre-configured SUA Only set) and also go to Menu

15.2-NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only) to specify the Internet Server behind the NAT as shown in the NAT as shown below.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 21 21 192.168.1.33

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

31

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3. Using Multiple Global IP addresses for clients and servers (One-to-One, Many-to-One, Server Set mapping types are used)

In this case we have 3 IGAs (IGA1, IGA2 and IGA3) from the ISP. We have two very busy internal FTP servers and also an internal general server for the web and mail. In this case, we want to assign the 3 IGAs by the following way using 4 NAT rules.

5. Rule 1 (One-to-One type) to map the FTP Server 1 with ILA1 (192.168.1.10) to IGA1.

6. Rule 2 (One-to-One type) to map the FTP Server 2 with ILA2 (192.168.1.11) to IGA2.

7. Rule 3 (Many-to-One type) to map the other clients to IGA3.

8. Rule 4 (Server type) to map a web server and mail server with ILA3 (192.168.1.20) to IGA3. Type

Server allows us to specify multiple servers, of different types, to other machines behind NAT on the LAN.

32

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Step 1:

In this case, we need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15.1-Address Mapping Sets. Therefore we must choose the Full Feature option from the NAT field in menu 4 or menu 11.3, and assign IGA3 to Prestige WAN IP Address.

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= MyISP

Encapsulation= PPPoE

Service Type= N/A

My Login= cso@zyxel

My Password= ********

Retype to Confirm= ********

Idle Timeout= 100

IP Address Assignment= Static

IP Address= IGA3

IP Subnet Mask= N/A

Gateway IP Address= N/A

Network Address Translation= Full Feature

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Step 2:

Go to menu 15.1 and choose 1 (not 255, SUA this time) to begin configuring this new set. Enter a Set Name, choose the Edit Action and then select 1 from Select Rule field. Press [ENTER] to confirm. See the following setup for the four rules in our case.

Rule 1 Setup: Select One-to-One type to map the FTP Server 1 with ILA1 (192.168.1.10) to IGA1.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

33

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Start= 192.168.1.10

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA1]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 2 Setup: Selecting One-to-One type to map the FTP Server 2 with ILA2 (192.168.1.11) to IGA2.

Menu 15.1.1.2 - - Rule 2

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.11

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA2]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 3 Setup: Select Many-to-One type to map the other clients to IGA3.

Menu 15.1.1.3 - - Rule 3

Type: Many-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 0.0.0.0

End = 255.255.255.255

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA3]

End = N/A

34

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 4 Setup: Select Server type to map our web server and mail server with ILA3 (192.168.1.20) to IGA3.

Menu 15.1.1.4 - - Rule 4

Type: Server

Local IP:

Start= N/A

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA3]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

When we have configured all four rules Menu 15.1.1 should look as follows.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= Example3

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 192.168.1.10 [IGA1] 1-1

2. 192.168.1.11 [IGA2] 1-1

3. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 [IGA3] M-1

4. [IGA3] Server

5.

6.

7.

8.

35

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

9.

10.

Press ESC or RETURN to Exit:

Step 3:

Now we configure all other incoming traffic to go to our web server aand mail server from Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup (not Set 1, Set 1 is used for SUA Only case).

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 80 80 192.168.1.20

3. 25 25 192.168.1.20

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. Support Non NAT Friendly Applications

36

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do not allow users to login using the same IP address. In this case it is better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types, thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address. The following figure illustrates this.

One rule configured for using Many-to-Many No Overload mapping type is shown below.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: Many-to-Many No Overload

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.10

End = 192.168.1.12

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA1]

End = [Enter IGA3]

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The three rules configured for using One-to-One mapping type is shown below.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One

37

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.10

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA1]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 15.1.1.2 - - Rule 2

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.11

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA2]

End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 15.1.1.3 - - Rule 3

Type: One-to-One

Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.12

End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA3]

End = N/A

38

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Prestige supports multiple type of NAT mapping rules

• SUA

• One to One

• Many to One

• Many to Many overload

• Many One to One

• Server

The following table summarizes these types.

NAT Type IP Mapping One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-One

ILA2<--->IGA1

(SUA/PAT)

... ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

Many-to-Many

ILA3<--->IGA1

Overload

ILA4<--->IGA2

Many-to-Many No Overload

ILA1<--->IGA1 ILA2<--->IGA2 ILA3<--->IGA3 ILA4<--->IGA4

39

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

...

Server (SUA)

Server 1 IP<--->IGA1 Server 2 IP<--->IGA1

About Filter & Filter Examples

How does ZyXEL filter work?

• Filter Structure

The Prestige allows you to configure up to twelve filter sets with six rules in each set, for a total of 72 filter rules in the system. You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of packets. With each filter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port. The following diagram illustrates the logic flow when executing a filter rule.

40

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• Filter Types and SUA

Conceptually, there are two categories of filter rules: device and protocol. The Generic filter rules belong to the device category; they act on the raw data from/to LAN and WAN. The IP and IPX filter rules belong to the protocol category; they act on the IP and IPX packets.

41

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

In order to allow users to specify the local network IP address and port number in the filter rules with SUA connections, the TCP/IP filter function has to be executed before SUA for WAN outgoing packets and after the SUA for WAN incoming IP packets. But at the same time, the Generic filter rules must be applied at the point when the Prestige is receiving and sending the packets; i.e. the ISDN interface. So, the execution sequence has to be changed. The logic flow of the filter is shown in Figure 1 and the sequence of the logic flow for the packet from LAN to WAN is:

• LAN device and protocol input filter sets.

• WAN protocol call and output filter sets.

• If SUA is enabled, SUA converts the source IP address from 192.168.1.33 to 203.205.115.6 and

port number from 1023 to 4034.

• WAN device output and call filter sets.

The sequence of the logic flow for the packet from WAN to LAN is:

• WAN device input filter sets.

• If SUA is enabled, SUA converts the destination IP address from 203.205.115.6 to 92.168.1.33 and port

number from 4034 to 1023.

• WAN protocol input filter sets.

• LAN device and protocol output filter sets.

Generic and TCP/IP (and IPX) filter rules are in different filter sets. The SMT will detect and prevent the

mixing of different category rules within any filter set in Menu 21. In the following example, you will receive an error message 'Protocol and device filter rules cannot be active together' if you try to activate a TCP/IP (or IPX) filter rule in a filter set that has already had one or more active Generic filter rules. You will receive the

42

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

same error if you try to activate a Generic filter rule in a filter set that has already had one or more active TCP/IP (or IPX) filter rules.

Menu 21.1.1:

Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 0

Length= 0

Mask= N/A

Value= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Check Next Rule

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Menu 21.1.2:

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

43

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Check Next Rule

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Saving to ROM. Please wait...

Protocol and device rule cannot be active together

To separate the device and protocol filter categories; two new menus, Menu 11.5 and Menu 13.1, have been added, as well as some changes made to the Menu 3.1, Menu 11.1, and Menu 13. The new fields are shown below.

Menu 3.1:

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Menu 11.1:

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= LAN Route= IP

Active= Yes Bridge= No

Encapsulation= PPP Edit PPP Options= No

Incoming: Rem IP Addr= ?

Rem Login= test Edit IP/IPX/Bridge= No

Rem Password= ********

44

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Outgoing: Session Options:

My Login= testt Edit Filter Sets= Yes

My Password= *****

Authen= CHAP/PAP

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 11.5:

Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

SMT will also prevent you from entering a protocol filter set configured in Menu 21 to the device filters field in Menu 3.1, 11.5, or entering a device filter set to the protocol filters field. Even though SMT will prevent the inconsistency from being entered in ZyNOS, it is unable to resolve the intermixing problems existing in the filter sets that were configured before. Instead, when ZyNOS translates the old configuration into the new format, it will verify the filter rules and log the inconsistencies. Please check the system log (Menu 24.3.1) before putting your device into use.

In order to avoid operational problems later, the Prestige will disable its routing/bridging functions if there is an inconsistency among its filter rules.

filter for blocking the web service

• Configuration

Before configuring a filter, you need to know the following information:

45

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

1. The outbound packet type (protocol & port number)

2. The source IP address

Generally, the outbound packets for Web service could be as following:

a. HTTP packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 80 b. DNS packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 53 or c. DNS packet, UDP (17) protocol with port number 53

For all workstation on the LAN, the source IP address will be 0.0.0.0. Otherwise, you have to enter an IP Address for the workstation you want to block. See the procedure for configuring this filter below.

o Create a filter set in Menu 21, e.g., set 1 o Create three filter rules in Menu 21.1.1, Menu 21.1.2, Menu 21.1.3

 Rule 1- block the HTTP packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 80  Rule 2- block the DNS packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 53  Rule 3- block the DNS packet, UDP (17) protocol with port number 53

o Apply the filter set in menu 4

1. Create a filter set in Menu 21

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 Web Request 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

46

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

2. Rule one for (a). http packet, TCP(06)/Port number 80

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 80

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3.Rule 2 for (b).DNS request, TCP(06)/Port number 53

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. Rule 3 for (c). DNS packet UDP(17)/Port number 53

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

5. After the three rules are completed, you will see the rule summary in Menu 21.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- -------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=80 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N

3 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0,DP=53 N D F

6. Apply the filter set to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set' in the remote node setup .

A filter for blocking a specific client

Configuration

1. Create a filter set in Menu 21, e.g., set 1

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 Block a client 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 0

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

2. One rule for blocking all packets from this client

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

Source: IP Addr= 192.168.1.5

IP Mask= 255.255.255.255

Port #=

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

Source IP addr................Enter the client IP in this field

IP Mask..........................here the IP mask is used to mask the bits of the IP address given in the 'Source IP

Addr=' field, for one workstation it is 255.255.255.255.

Action Matched................Set to 'Drop' to drop all the packets from this client

Action Not Matched.........Set to 'Forward' to allow the packets from other clients

3. Apply the filter set number '1' to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set' field in the remote node setup.

A filter for blocking a specific MAC address

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

This configuration example shows you how to use a Generic Filter to block a specific MAC address of the LAN.

Before you Begin

Before you configure the filter, you need to know the MAC address of the client first. The MAC address can be provided by the NICs. If there is the LAN packet passing through the Prestige you can identify the uninteresting MAC address from the Prestige's LAN packet trace. Please have a look at the following example to know the trace of the LAN packets.

ras> sys trcp channel enet0 bothway

ras> sys trcp sw on

Now a client on the LAN is trying to ping Prestige………

ras> sys trcp sw off

ras> sys trcp disp

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0

0000: [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84

0020: 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

TIME: 37c060 enet0-XMIT len:74 call=0

0000: [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c 00 07 00 00 fe 01 f0 ef ca 84 9b 63 ca 84

0020: 9b 5d 00 00 4d 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

The detailed format of the Ethernet Version II:

+ Ethernet Version II

- Address: 00-80-C8-4C-EA-63 (Source MAC) ----> 00-A0-C5-23-45

(Destination MAC)

- Ethernet II Protocol Type: IP

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

+ Internet Protocol

- Version (MSB 4 bits): 4

- Header length (LSB 4 bits): 5

- Service type: Precd=Routine, Delay=Normal, Thrput=Normal, Reli=Normal

- Total length: 60 (Octets)

- Fragment ID: 60172

- Flags: May be fragmented, Last fragment, Offset=0 (0x00)

- Time to live: 32 seconds/hops

- IP protocol type: ICMP (0x01)

- Checksum: 0xE3EA

- IP address 202.132.155.93 (Source IP address) ---->

202.132.155.99(Destination IP address)

- No option

+ Internet Control Message Protocol

- Type: 8 - Echo Request

- Code: 0

- Checksum: 0x455C

- Identifier: 768

- Sequence Number: 1280

- Optional Data: (32 bytes)

Configurations

From the above first trace, we know a client is trying to ping request the Prestige router. And from the second trace, we know the Prestige router will send a reply to the client accordingly. The following sample filter will utilize the 'Generic Filter Rule' to block the MAC address [00 80 c8 4c ea 63].

1. First, from the incoming LAN packet we know the uninteresting source MAC address starts at the 7th Octet

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0

0000: [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00

0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84

0020: 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66

0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

2. We are now ready to configure the 'Generic Filter Rule' as below.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 6

Length= 6

Mask= ffffffffffff

Value= 0080c84cea63

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Key Settings:

• Generic Filter Ruls

Set the 'Filter Type' to 'Generic Filter Rule'

• Active

Turn 'Active' to 'Yes'

• Offset (in bytes)

Set to '6' since the source MAC address starts at 7th octets we need to skip the first octets of the destination MAC address.

• Length (in bytes)

Set to '6' since MAC address has 6 octets.

• Mask (in hexadecimal)

Specify the value that the Prestige will logically qualify (logical AND) the data in the packet. Since the Length is set to 6 octets the Mask for it should be 12 hexadecimal numbers. In this case, we intent to set to 'ffffffffffff' to mask the incoming source MAC address, [00 80 c8 4c ea 63].

• Value (in hexadecimal)

Specify the MAC address [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] that the Prestige should use to compare with the masked packet. If the result from the masked packet matches the 'Value', then the packet is considered matched.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• Action Matched=

Enter the action you want if the masked packet matches the 'Value'. In this case, we will drop it.

• Action Not Matched=

Enter the action you want if the masked packet does not match the 'Value'. In this case, we will forward it. If you want to configure more rules please select 'Check Next Rule' to start configuring the next new rule. However, please note that the 'Filter Type' must be also 'Generic Filter Rule' but not others. Because the Generic and TCPIP (IPX) filter rules must be in different filter sets.

Menu 21.1.2 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule

Active= Yes

Offset= 6

Length= 6

Mask= ffffffffffff

Value= 0080c810234a

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

You can now apply it to the 'General Ethernet Setup' in Menu 3.1. Please note that the 'Generic Filter' can only be applied to the 'Device Filter' but not the 'Protocol Filter' that is used for configuring the TCPIP and IPX filters.

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters= 1

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters=

device filters=

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

A filter for blocking the NetBIOS packets

• Introduction

The NETBIOS protocol is used to share a Microsoft comupter of a workgroup. For the security concern, the NetBIOS connection to a outside host is blocked by Prestige router as factory defaults. Users can remove the filter sets applied to menu 3.1 and menu 4.1 for activating the NetBIOS services. The details of the filter settings are described as follows.

• Configuration

The packets need to be blocked are as follows. Please configure two filter sets with 4 and 2 rules respectively based on the following packets in SMT menu 21.

Filter Set 1:

o Rule 1-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP) o Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP) o Rule 5-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP) o Rule 6-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Filter Set 2:

o Rule 1-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 6

(TCP)

o Rule 2-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 17

(UDP)

Before starting to set the filter rules, please enter a name for each filter set in the 'Comments' field first.

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 NetBIOS_WAN 7 _______________

2 NetBIOS_LAN 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Configure the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' by selecting the Filter Set number 1.

• Rule 1-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.1.3 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,3

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 138

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.4 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,4

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 138

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 5-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.1.5 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,5

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 139

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 6-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.6 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,6

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 139

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 0

Port # Comp= None

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as below.

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- --------------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N

3 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N

4 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N

5 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D N

6 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D F

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• Apply the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' to the 'Output Protocol Filter' in the remote node

setup.

Configure the second filter set 'NetBIOS_LAN' by selecting the Filter Set number 2.

• Rule 1-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.2.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 2,1

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

TCP Estab= No

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 2-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.2.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 2,2

Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

Active= Yes

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No

Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 53

Port # Comp= Equal

Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0

IP Mask= 0.0.0.0

Port #= 137

Port # Comp= Equal

TCP Estab= N/A

More= No Log= None

Action Matched= Drop

Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

1. After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as below.

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- ---------------------------------------------- - - -

1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N

2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D F

1. Apply the filter set 'NetBIOS_LAN' in the 'Input protocol filters=' in the Menu 3 for blocking

the packets from LAN

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets:

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

protocol filters= 2

device filters=

Output Filter Sets:

protocol filters= device filters=

Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

1. What is DDNS?

The DDNS service, an IP Registry provides a public central database where information such as email addresses, hostnames, IPs etc. can be stored and retrieved. This solves the problems if your DNS server uses an IP associated with dynamic IPs.

Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the Prestige to access the internal server. It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the Prestige, you apply a DNS name (e.g., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server. The outside users can always access the web server using the www.zyxel.com.tw regardless of the WAN IP of the Prestige.

When the ISP assigns the Prestige a new IP, the Prestige must inform the DDNS server the change of this IP so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS server is updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., www.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable.

The DDNS server stores password-protected email addresses with IPs and hostnames and accepts queries based on email addresses. So, there must be an email entry in the Prestige menu 1.

The DDNS servers the Prestige supports currently is WWW.DYNDNS.ORG where you apply the DNS from and update the WAN IP to.

• Setup the DDNS

• Before configuring the DDNS settings in the Prestige, you must register an account from the

DDNS server such as WWW.DYNDNS.ORG first. After the registration, you have a hostname for your internal server and a password using to update the IP to the DDNS server.

• Toggle 'Configure Dynamic DNS' option to 'Yes' and press ENTER for configuring the settings

of the DDNS in menu 1.1.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Menu 1 - General Setup

System Name= Prestige

Location=

Contact Person's Name=

Domain Name=

Edit Dynamic DNS= Yes

Route IP= Yes

Bridge= No

Menu 1.1 - Configure Dynamic DNS

Service Provider= WWW.DynDNS.ORG

Active= Yes

Host=[the local server's host name]

EMAIL=

USER=

Password= ********

Enable Wildcard= No

Key Settings for using DDNS function:

Option Description

Enter the DDNS server in this field. Currently, we support

Service Provider

WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.

Active

Host

EMAIL User

Toggle to 'Yes'. Enter the hostname you subscribe from the above DDNS server. For example,

zyxel.com.tw. Enter the email address you give to the DDNS server. Enter the user name that

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Password

Enter the password that the DDNS server gives to you. Enter the hostname for the wildcard function that the WWW.DYNDNS.ORG

Enable Wildcard

supports. Note that Wildcard option is available only when the provider is

WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.

Network Management Using SNMP

1. SNMP Overview

The

Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP) is an applications-layer protocol used to exchange the management information between network devices (e.g., routers). By using SNMP, network administrators can more easily manage network performance, find and solve network problems. The SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite, it uses the UDP to exchange messages between a management Client and an Agent, residing in a network node.

There are two versions of SNMP: Version 1 and Version 2. ZyXEL supports SNMPv1. Most of the changes introduced in Version 2 increase SNMP's security capabilities. SNMP encompasses three main areas:

1. A small set of management operations.

2. Definitions of management variables.

3. Data representation.

The operations allowed are: Get, GetNext, Set, and Trap. These functions operates on variables that exist in network nodes. Examples of variables include statistic counters, node port status, and so on. All of the SNMP management functions are carried out through these simple operations. No action operations are available, but these can be simulated by the setting of flag variables. For example, to reset a node, a counter variable named 'time to reset' could be set to a value, causing the node to reset after the time had elapsed.

SNMP variables are defined using the OSI Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). ASN.1 specifies how a variable is encoded in a transmitted data frame; it is very powerful because the encoded data is self-defining. For example, the encoding of a text string includes an indication that the data unit is a string, along with its length and value. ASN.1 is a flexible way of defining protocols, especially for network management protocols where nodes may support different sets of manageable variables.

The net of variables that each node supports is called the

Management Information Base

(MIB). The MIB is made up of several parts, including the Standard MIB, specified as part of SNMP, and Enterprise Specific MIB, which are defined by different manufacturer for hardware specific management.

65

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

The current Internet-standard MIB, MIB-II, is defined in RFC 1213 and contains 171 objects. These objects are grouped by protocol (including TCP, IP, UDP, SNMP, and other categories, including 'system' and 'interface.'

The Internet Management Model is as shown in figure 1. Interactions between the NMS and managed devices can be any of four different types of commands:

6. Reads

Read is used to monitor the managed devices, NMSs read variables that are maintained by the devices.

7. Writes

Write is used to control the managed devices, NMSs write variables that are stored in the managed devices.

8. Traversal operations

NMSs use these operations to determine which variables a managed device supports and to sequentially gather information from variable tables (such as IP routing table) in managed devices.

9. Traps

The managed devices to asynchronously report certain events to NMSs use trap.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

2. SNMPv1 Operations

SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol. 4 SNMPv1 operations are defined as below.

• Get

Allows the NMS to retrieve an object variable from the agent.

• GetNext

Allows the NMS to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a NMS wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.

• Set

Allows the NMS to set values for object variables within an agent.

• Trap

Used by the agent to inform the NMS of some events.

The SNMPv1 messages contains two part. The first part contains a version and a community name. The second part contains the actual SNMP protocol data unit (PDU) specifying the operation to be performed (Get, Set, and

67

Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

so on) and the object values involved in the operation. The following figure shows the SNMPv1 message format.

The SNMP PDU contains the following fields:

• PDU type Specifies the type of PDU.

• Request ID Associates requests with responses.

• Error status Indicates an error and an error type.

• Error index Associates the error with a particular object variable.

• Variable-bindings Associates particular object with their value.

3. ZyXEL SNMP Implementation

ZyXEL currently includes SNMP support in some Prestige routers. It is implemented based on the SNMPv1, so it will be able to communicate with SNMPv1 NMSs. For SNMPv1 operation, ZyXEL permits one community string so that the router can belong to only one community and allows trap messages to be sent to only one NMS manager.

Some traps are sent to the SNMP manager when anyone of the following events happens:

• coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) :

If the machine coldstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

• warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) :

If the machine warmstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

• linkDown (defined in RFC-1215) :

If any link of IDSL or WAN is down, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its interface index under the interface group.

• linkUp (defined in RFC-1215) :

If any link of IDSL or WAN is up, the trap will be sent with the port number . The port number is its interface index under the interface group.

• authenticationFailure (defined in RFC-1215) :

When receiving any SNMP get or set requirement with wrong community, this trap is sent to the manager.

1. whyReboot (defined in ZYXEL-MIB) :

When the system is going to restart (warmstart), the trap will be sent with the reason of restart before rebooting.

(i) For intentional reboot :

In some cases (download new files, CI command "sys reboot", ...), reboot is done intentionally. And traps with the message "System reboot by user !" will be sent.

(ii) For fatal error :

System has to reboot for some fatal errors. And traps with the message of the fatal code will be sent.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

4. Configure the Prestige for SNMP

The SNMP related settings in Prestige are configured in menu 22, SNMP Configuration. The following steps describe a simple setup procedure for configuring all SNMP settings.

Menu 22 - SNMP Configuration

SNMP:

Get Community= public

Set Community= public

Trusted Host= 192.168.1.33

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Trap:

Community= public

Destination= 192.168.1.33

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

Option Descriptions

Get Community

Set Community

Trusted Host

Trap Community

Trap Destination

Using syslog

Enter the correct Get Community. This Get Community must match the 'Get-' and 'GetNext' community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'.

Enter the correct Set Community. This Set Community must match the 'Set-community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'.

Enter the IP address of the NMS. The Prestige will only respond to SNMP messages coming from this IP address. If 0.0.0.0 is entered, the Prestige will respond to all NMS managers.

Enter the community name in each sent trap to the NMS. This Trap Community must match what the NMS is expecting. The default is 'public'.

Enter the IP address of the NMS that you wish to send the traps to. If 0.0.0.0 is entered, the Prestige will not send trap any NMS manager.

4. Prestige Setup

Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - UNIX Syslog and Accounting

UNIX Syslog:

Active= Yes

Syslog IP Address= 192.168.1.33

Log Facility= Local 1

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Configuration:

1. Active, use the space bar to turn on the syslog option.

2. Syslog IP Address, enter the IP address of the UNIX server that you wish to send the syslog.

3. Log Facility, use the space bar to toggle between the 7 different local options.

• UNIX Setup

1. Make sure that your syslogd starts with -r argument.

-r

, this option will enable the facility to receive message from the network using an Internet domain socket with

the syslog services. The default setting is not enabled.

2. Edit the file /etc/syslog.conf by adding the following line at the end of the /etc/syslog.conf file.

local1.* /var/log/zyxel.log

Where /var/log/zyxel.log is the full path of the log file.

3. Restart syslogd.

• CDR log(call messages)

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_CDR, SYSLOG_INFO, String ); String = board xx line xx channel xx, call xx, str board = the hardware board ID line = the WAN ID in a board channel = channel ID within the WAN call = the call reference number which starts from 1 and increments by 1 for each new call str = C01 Outgoing Call dev xx ch xx (dev:device No. ch:channel No.) C01 Incoming Call xxxxBps xxxxx (L2TP,xxxxx means Remote Call ID) C01 Incoming Call xxxx (means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call ID) L02 Tunnel Connected(L2TP) C02 OutCall Connected xxxx (means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call ID) C02 CLID call refused

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

L02 Call Terminated C02 Call Terminated

Example:

Feb 14 16:57:17 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C01 Incoming

Call OK

Feb 14 17:07:18 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C02 Call Terminated

• Packet triggered log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PKTTRI, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = Packet trigger: Protocol=xx Data=xxxxxxxxxx Protocol: (1:IP 2:IPX 3:IPXHC 4:BPDU 5:ATALK 6:IPNG) Data: We will send forty-eight Hex characters to the server

Example:

Jul 19 11:28:39 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1,

Data=4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6f7071727374

Jul 19 11:28:56 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1,

Data=4500002c1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e00000000600220008cd40000020405b4

• Filter log

This message is available when the 'Log' is enabled in the filter rule setting. The message consists of the packet header and the log of the filter rules.

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend(SYSLOG_FILLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = IP[Src=xx.xx.xx.xx Dst=xx.xx.xx.xx prot spo=xxxx dpo=xxxx]S04>R01mD IP[...] is the packet header and S04>R01mD means filter set 4 (S) and rule 1 (R), match (m) drop (D). Src: Source Address Dst: Destination Address

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

prot: Protocol (TCP,UDP,ICMP) spo: Source port dpo: Destination port

Example:

Jul 19 14:44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=202.132.154.1 Dst=192.168.1.33 UDP

spo=0035 dpo=05d4]}S03>R01mF

Jul 19 14:44:13 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=192.168.1.33 Dst=202.132.154.1

ICMP]}S03>R01mF

• PPP Log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PPPLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = ppp:Proto Starting / ppp:Proto Opening / ppp:Proto Closing / ppp:Proto Shutdown Proto = LCP / ATCP / BACP / BCP / CBCP / CCP / CHAP/ PAP / IPCP /IPXCP

Example:

Jul 19 11:43:25 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:29 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:34 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:38 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Starting

Jul 19 11:43:43 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Opening

Jul 19 11:43:51 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Opening

Jul 19 11:43:55 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Opening

Jul 19 11:44:00 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:05 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Closing

Jul 19 11:44:14 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Closing

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Using IP Alias

• What is IP Alias ?

In a typical environment, a LAN router is required to connect two local networks. The Prestige can connect three local networks to the ISP or a remote node, we call this function as 'IP Alias'. In this case, an internal router is not required. For example, the network manager can divide the local network into three networks and connect them to the Internet using Prestige's single user account. See the figure below.

The Prestige supports three virtual LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface. The first network can be configured in menu 3.2 as usual. The second and third networks that we call 'IP Alias 1' and 'IP Alias 2' can be configured in menu 3.2.1-IP Alias Setup.

There are three internal virtual LAN interfaces for the Prestige to route the packets from/to the three networks correctly. They are enif0 for the major network, enif0:0 for the IP alias 1 and enif0:1 for the IP alias 2. Therefore, three routes are created in the Prestige as shown below when the three networks are configured. If the Prestige's DHCP is also enabled, the IP pool for the clients can be any of the three networks.

ras> ip ro st

Dest FF Len Interface Gateway Metric stat Timer Use

192.168.3.0 00 24 enif0:1 192.168.3.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.2.0 00 24 enif0:0 192.168.2.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.1.0 00 24 enif0 192.168.1.1 1 041b 0 0

ras>

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Two new protocol filter interfaces in menu 3.2.1 allow you to accept or deny LAN packets from/to the IP alias 1 and IP alias 2 go through the Prestige. The filter set in menu 3.1 is used for main network configured in menu

3.2.

• IP Alias Setup

1. Edit the first network in menu 3.2 by configuring the Prestige's first LAN IP address.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup

DHCP= Server

Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33

Size of Client IP Pool= 32

Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Remote DHCP Server= N/A

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address= 192.168.1.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= N/A

Multicast= None

IP Policies=

Edit IP Alias= Yes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

DHCP Setup

TCP/IP Setup

If the Prestige's DHCP server is enabled, the IP pool for the clients can be any of the three networks.

Enter the first LAN IP address for the Prestige. This will create the first route in the enif0 interface.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Edit IP Alias

Toggle to 'Yes' to enter menu 3.2.1 for setting up the second and third networks.

2. Edit the second and third networks in menu 3.2.1 by configuring the Prestige's second and third LAN IP addresses.

Menu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup

IP Alias 1= Yes

IP Address= 192.168.2.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-1

Incoming protocol filters=

Outgoing protocol filters=

IP Alias 2= Yes

IP Address= 192.168.3.1

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-1

Incoming protocol filters=

Outgoing protocol filters=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Key Settings:

Toggle to 'Yes' and enter the second LAN IP address for the Prestige. This will create the

IP Alias 1

second route in the enif0:0 interface. Toggle to 'Yes' and enter the third LAN IP address for the Prestige. This will create the

IP Alias 2

third route in the enif0:1 interface.

Using Call Scheduling

1. What is Call Scheduling ?

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Call scheduling enables the mechanisim for the Prestige to run the remote node connection according to the pre-defined schedule.This feature is just like the scheduler ina video recorder which records the program according to the specified time. Users can apply at most 4 schedule sets in Menu 11 ( Remote Node Setup), and configure each schedule in Menu 26(Schedule Setup). The remote node configured with the schedule set could be "Forced On", "Forced Down", "Enable Dial-On-Demand", or "Disable Dial-On-Demand" on specified date and time.

• SMT Menu for Call Scheduling

1. Edit the Schedule sets in menu 26:

Prestige 2602HW-61 Main Menu

Getting Started Advanced Management

1. General Setup 21. Filter and Firewall Setup

2. WAN Backup Setup 22. SNMP Configuration

3. LAN Setup 23. System Password

4. Internet Access Setup 24. System Maintenance

25. IP Routing Policy Setup

Advanced Applications 26. Schedule Setup

11. Remote Node Setup

12. Static Routing Setup

15. NAT Setup 99. Exit

Enter Menu Selection Number:

2. Select a Schedule Set number and give it a name:

Menu 26 - Schedule Setup

Schedule Schedule

Set # Name Set # Name

------ ----------------- ------ -----------------

1 ZyXEL 7 _______________

2 _______________ 8 _______________

3 _______________ 9 _______________

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

4 _______________ 10 _______________

5 _______________ 11 _______________

6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Schedule Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Name= ZyXEL

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3. The Menu 26.1 Schedule Set Setup is as follows:

Menu 26.1 Schedule Set Setup

Active= Yes

Start Date(yyyy-mm-dd)= 2004 - 01 - 01

How Often= Once

Once:

Date(yyyy-mm-dd)= 2004 - 01 - 01

Weekdays:

Sunday= N/A

Monday= N/A

Tuesday= N/A

Wednesday= N/A

Thursday= N/A

Friday= N/A

Saturday= N/A

Start Time(hh:mm)= 12 : 00

Duration(hh:mm)= 16 : 00

Action= Enable Dial-on-demand

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Start date of this schedule rule. It can be unmatched with weekday setting. For

Start Date

example, if Start Date is 2004/10/02(Monday), but Monday setting in weekday can be No.

If once is selected, all weekday settings will ne marked as N/A. After the rule is

How Often

completely, it will be deleted automatically. The node will always keep up during the setting period. It is equivalent to diable the

Forced On

idel timeout. The node will always keep doen during the setting period. The connected remote node

Forced Down

will be dropped.

Enable

The remote node accepts Dial-on-demand during this period.

Dial-On-Demand Disable

Dial-On-Demand

The remote node denies any demand dial during the period. For the existing connected nodes, it will be dropped after idle timeout and no triggered up.

Start Time/

Start Time and Duration of this schedule.

Duration

• Apply the schedule to the Remote node

Multiple scheduling rules can program in a Remote node, and they have priority. For example, if we program the sets as 1,2,3,4 in remote node, then the set 1 will override set 2,3,4. set 2 will override 3,4, and so on.

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= MyISP Route= IP

Active= Yes

Encapsulation= PPPoE Edit IP= No

Service Type= Standard Telco Option:

Service Name= Allocated Budget(min)= 0

Outgoing: Period(hr)= 0

My Login= cso@zyxel Schedules= 1,2,3,4

My Password= ******** Nailed-Up Connection= No

Retype to Confirm= ********

Authen= CHAP/PAP

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Session Options:

Edit Filter Sets= No

Idle Timeout(sec)= 100

Edit Traffic Redirect= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Time Service in Prestige

There is no RTC (Real-Time Clock) chip so the Prestige should launch a mechanism to get current time and date from external server in boot time. Time service is implemented by the Daytime protocol(RFC-867), Time protocol(RFC-868), and NTP protocol(RFC-1305). You have to assign an IP address of a time server and then, the Prestige will get the date, time, and time-zone information from this server.

Menu 24.10 - System Maintenance - Time and Date Setting

Use Time Server when Bootup= Daytime (RFC-867)

Time Server IP Address= 202.132.154.1

Current Time: 00 : 11 : 38

New Time (hh:mm:ss): 00 : 11 : 36

Current Date: 2004 - 01 - 01

New Date (yyyy-mm-dd): 2004 - 01 - 01

Time Zone= GMT+0800

Daylight Saving= No

Start Date (mm-dd): 01 - 00

End Date (mm-dd): 01 - 00

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Using IP Multicast

• What is IP Multicast ?

Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in two ways - unicast or broadcast. Multicast is a third way to deliver IP packets to a group of hosts. Host groups are identified by class D IP addresses, i.e., those with "1110" as their higher-order bits. In dotted decimal notation, host group addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to

239.255.255.255. Among them, 224.0.0.1 is assigned to the permanent IP hosts group, and 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is the protocol used to support multicast groups. The latest version is version 2 (see RFC2236). IP hosts use IGMP to report their multicast group membership to any immediate-neighbor multicast routers so the multicast routers can decide if a multicast packet needs to be forwarded. At start up, the Prestige queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership.

After that, the Prestige updates the information by periodic queries. The Prestige implementation of IGMP is also compatible with version 1. The multicast setting can be turned on or off on Ethernet and remote nodes.

• IP Multicast Setup

Enable IGMP in Prestige's LAN in menu 3.2:

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup

DHCP= Server

Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33

Size of Client IP Pool= 32

Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

Remote DHCP Server= N/A

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address= 192.168.1.1

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0

RIP Direction= Both

Version= RIP-2B

Multicast= IGMP-v2

IP Policies=

Edit IP Alias= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Enable IGMP in Prestige's remote node in menu 11.3:

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Options: Bridge Options:

IP Address Assignment = Dynamic Ethernet Addr Timeout(min)= N/A

Rem IP Addr = 0.0.0.0

Rem Subnet Mask= 0.0.0.0

My WAN Addr= N/A

NAT= SUA Only

Address Mapping Set= N/A

Metric= 2

Private= No

RIP Direction= None

Version= RIP-2B

Multicast= IGMP-v2

IP Policies=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Key Settings:

Multicast

IGMP-v1 for IGMP version 1, IGMP-v2 for IGMP version 2.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Using Prestige traffic redirect

• What is Traffic Redirect ?

Traffic redirect forwards WAN traffic to a backup gateway when Prestige cannot connect to the Internet through it's normal gateway. Thus make your backup gateway as an auxiliary backup of your WAN connection. Once Prestige detects it's WAN connectivity is broken, Prestige will try to forward outgoing traffic to backup gateway that users specify in traffic redirect configuration menu.

• How to deploy backup gateway?

You can deploy the backup gateway on LAN of Prestige.

Traffic Redirect on LAN port

• Traffic Redirect Setup

Configure parameters that determine when Prestige will forward WAN traffic to the backup gateway using SMT Menu 2 WAN Backup Setup.

Menu 2 - Wan Backup Setup

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Check Mechanism = DSL Link

Check WAN IP Address1 = 0.0.0.0

Check WAN IP Address2 = 0.0.0.0

Check WAN IP Address3 = 0.0.0.0

KeepAlive Fail Tolerance = 5

Recovery Interval(sec) = 60

ICMP Timeout(sec) = 0

Traffic Redirect = Yes

Key Settings:

Label Description

Backup Type

Check WAN IP Address1-3

Fail Tolerance

Recovery Interval

Select the method that the Prestige uses to check the DSL connection.

Select DSL Link to have the Prestige check if the connection to the DSLAM is up. Select ICMP to have the Prestige periodically ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address fields.

Configure this field to test your Prestige's WAN accessibility. Type the IP address of a reliable nearby computer (for example, your ISP's DNS server address).

If you select ICMP in the Backup Type field, you must configure at least one IP address here.

When using a WAN backup connection, the Prestige periodically pin gs the addresses configured here and uses the other WAN backup connection (if configured) if there is no response.

Type the number of times (2 recommended) that your Prestige may ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address fields without getting a response before switching to a WAN backup connection (or a different WAN backup connection).

When the Prestige is using a lower priority connection (usually a WAN backup connection), it periodically checks to whether or not it can use a higher priority connection.

Timeout

Traffic

Type the number of seconds (30 recommended) for the Prestige to wait between checks. Allow more time if your destination IP address handles lots of traffic.

Type the number of seconds (3 recommended) for your Prestige to wait for a ping response from one of the IP addresses in the Check WAN IP Address fields before timing out the request. The WAN connection is considered "down" after the Prestige times out the number of times specified in the Fail Tolerance field. Use a higher value in this field if your network is busy or congested.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Label Description

Redirect

Active

Metric

Backup

Gateway

Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.

Apply Click Apply to save the changes.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Select this check box to have the Prestige use traffic redirect if the normal WAN connection goes down.

If you activate traffic redirect, you must configure at least one Check WAN IP Address.

This field sets this route's priority among the routes the Prestige uses.

The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". RIP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of "1" for directly connected networks. The number must be between "1" and "15"; a number greater than "15" means the link is down. The smaller the number, the lower the "cost".

Type the IP address of your backup gateway in dotted decimal notation. The Prestige automatically forwards traffic to this IP address if the Prestige's Internet connection terminates.

You can also configure traffic redirect via web configuration. The configuration page is in WAN/WAN Backup.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Using Universal Plug n Play (UPnP)

• 1. What is UPnP

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) makes connecting PCs of all form factors, intelligent appliances, and wireless devices in the home, office, and everywhere in between easier and even automatic by leveraging TCP/IP and Web technologies. UPnP can be supported on essentially any operating system and works with essentially any type of physical networking media – wired or wireless.

UPnP also supports NAT Traversal which can automatically solve many NAT unfriendly problems. By UPnP, applications assign the dynamic port mappings to Internet gateway and delete the mappings when the connections are complete.

The key components in UPnP are devices, services, and control points.

• Devices: Network devices, such as networking gateways, TV, refrigerators, printers...etc, which

provides services.

• Services: Services are provided by devices, such as time services provided by alarm clocks. In

UPnP, services are described in XML format. Control points can set/get services information from devices.

• Control points: Control points can manipulate network devices When you add a new control

point (in this case, a laptop) to a network, the device may ask the network to find UPnP-enabled devices. These devices respond with their URLs and device descriptions.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

UPnP Operations

• Addressing: UPnPv1 devices MAY support IPv4, IPv6, or both. For IPv4, each devices should have DHCP client, when the device gets connected to the network, it will discover DHCP server on network to get an IP address. If not, then Auto-IP mechanism should be supported so that the device can give itself an IP address.(169.254.0.0/16)

• Discovery: Whenever a device is added on the network, it will advertise it's service over the network.

Control point can also discover services provided by devices.

• Description: Control points can get more detailed service information from devices' description in XML

format. The description may include product name, model name, serial number, vendor ID, and embedded services...etc.

• Control: Devices can be manipulated by control points through Control message.

• Eventing: Devices can send event message to notify control points if there is any update on services

provided.

• Presentation: Each device can provide their own control interface by URL link. So that users can go to

the device's presentation web page by the URL to control this device.

• 2. Using UPnP in ZyXEL devices

In this example, we will introduce how to enable UPnP function in ZyXEL devices. Currently, Microsoft MSN is the most popular application exploiting UPnP, so we take Microsoft MSN application as an example in this support note. You can learn how MSN benefit from NAT traversal feature in UPnP in this application note.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

In the diagram, suppose PC1 and PC2 both sign in MSN server, and they would like to establish a video conference. PC1 is behind PPPoE dial-up router which supports UPnP. Since the router supports UPnP, we don't need to setup NAT mapping for PC1. As long as we enable UPnP function on the router, PC1 will assign the mapping to the router dynamically. Note that since PC1 must support UPnP, we presume that it's OS is Microsoft WinME or WinXP.

Device: Prestige Router Service: NAT function provided by Prestige Router Control Point: PC1

1. Enable UPnP function in ZyXEL device

Go to Advanced->UPnP, check two boxes, Enable UPnP service and Allow users to make configuration changes through UPnP.

The first check box enables UPnP function in this device.

The second check box allow users' application to change configuration in this device. For instance, if you enable this item, then user's MSN application can assign dynamic port mapping to the router. So that network administrator don't need to setup SUA port mapping in the router.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

2. After getting IP address, you can go to open MSN application on PC and sign in MSN server.

3. Start a Video conversation with one online user.

4. On the opposite side, your partner select Accept to accept your conversation request.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

5. Finally, your video conversation is achieved.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

VoIP Application Notes

Setup SIP Account

VoIP is the sending of voice signals over the Internet Protocol. This allows you to make phone calls and send faxes over the Internet at a fraction of the cost of using the traditional circuit-switched telephone network.

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP signaling is separate from the media for which it handles sessions. The media that is exchanged during the session can use a different path from that of the signaling. SIP handles telephone calls and can interface with traditional circuit-switched telephone networks.

The Prestige can hold up to two SIP account simultaneously please follow the below instruction to configure the SIP account properly.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Note: You should have a voice account already set up and have VoIP information from your VoIP service

provider prior to configure SIP account on to the unit.

With the account information your ITSP provider provided now you may start.

Step 1. Open the web browser from your workstation to connect to the Prestige by entering the Management IP address of the Prestige (LAN IP address). The default management IP of Prestige is 192.168.1.1.

Step 2. Enter the administrator password appear on the page of login and click on login. The default is '1234'

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

A

Step 3. On the left column click on Voice to bring you to Voice configuration menu than click on SIP Settings. While in the SIP Settings page use the account selector on upper right of the page to select the SIP account you will like to configure.

Step 4. Check active sip box if you like to use this account and fill in the account information the ITSP provided you in the SIP setting category. Which will normally include you SIP number, SIP local port, SIP server address, SIP server port, Register server port, Register server address, SIP service domain.

Step 5. In the Authentication category fill in the User ID and authentication password your ITSP provided to you.

Step 6. If you wish to send caller ID check the check box in the Caller ID category, if you do not wish to send out caller ID leave the check box uncheck.

Step 7. Check phone port 1 or phone port 2 you will like to associate this account to for incoming call. Prestige allows you to associate either one or both phone port to single SIP account. So you can designate which phone to ring or both to ring when a call is received on specific SIP account.

Step 8. Click on Apply to save the setting and take effect. If you would like to configure the 2nd SIP account, please select SIP2 by using the SIP account selector than follow step 1 to 8 to complete the 2nd account setup.

Note: If more than both SIP number are associated both phone port you will not be able to identify which

account is being called for the incoming call.

Each field's detail description on this page is listed below.

Label Description

SIP Account

SIP Number

You can configure the Prestige to use multiple SIP accounts. Select one to configure its settings on the Prestige.

SIP account's Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) identifies the SIP account in a way similar to the way an e-mail address identifies an e-mail account. It is also known as a SIP identity or address. The format of a SIP identity is SIP-Number@SIP-Srevice-Domain.

SIP number is the part of the SIP URI that comes before the "@" symbol. Enter your SIP number in this field. You can use up to 31 ASCII characters.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

A

SIP Local Port

Use this field to configure the Prestige’s listening port for SIP. Leave this field set to the default if you were not given a local port number for SIP.

SIP Server

Type the IP address of the SIP server in this field.

Address SIP Server

Port

Enter the SIP server’s listening port for SIP in this field. Leave this field set to the default if your VoIP service provider did not give you a local port number for SIP.

REGISTER Server Address

A SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register.

Enter the SIP register server’s address in this field.

If you were not given a register server address, then enter the address from the SIP Server Address field again here.

REGISTER

Enter the SIP register server’s listening port for SIP in this field.

Server Port

If you were not given a register server port, then enter the port from the SIP Server Port field again here.

SIP Service Domain

in a full SIP URI.

Enter the SIP service domain name in this field.You can use up to 127 ASCII Extended set characters.

Authentication User ID

This is the user name for registering this SIP account with the SIP register server. Type the user name exactly as it was given to you. Use ASCII characters.

Authentication Password

Block Caller ID

Type the password associated with the user name above. Use ASCII Extended set characters.

Select this check box to not show identification information when you make VoIP calls. Clear this check box to show identification information when you make VoIP calls.

SIP service domain is the domain name that comes after the @ symbol

Apply to

Phone 1 and Phone 2 correspond to the Prestige’s physical PHONE 1 and 2 ports, respectively. Select whether you want to receive calls for this

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

SIP account on Phone 1, Phone 2 or both. If you select both, you will not know which SIP account a call is coming in on.

Advanced Settings

Click Settings to open a screen where you can configure the Prestige’s advanced VoIP settings like SIP server settings, the RTP port range and the coding type.

Apply Reset

Click Apply to save your changes back to the Prestige. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Phone port settings

Prestige allow you to configure the volume and echo cancellation setting for each individual phone port.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

To configure the phone port setting please follow the below step.

Step 1. Open the web browser from your workstation to connect to the Prestige by entering the Management IP address of the Prestige. The default management IP of Prestige is 192.168.1.1.

Step 2. Enter the administrator password appear on the page of login and click on login. The default is '1234'

Step 3. On the left column click on Voice to bring you to voice function menu. While in the Voice menu click on Phone to enter phone port configuration page.

Step 4. By using the phone port selector located on upper right of the phone port configuration page select the phone port you wish to configure.

Step 5. Change the phone port parameter as you desired and click Apply when you are finish to save and let the setting to take effect. To configure the 2nd phone port use the phone port selector and select phone2 and follow the step 1 to 5 to complete the 2nd phone port setup.

Each field's detail description is listed below.

Label Description

Phone Port

Use this field to select the phone port that you want to configure.

Settings Speaking

Volume Listening

Volume

Use this field to set the loudness that the Prestige uses for the speech signal that it sends to the peer device. -1 is the quietest and 1 is the loudest.

Use this field to set the loudness that the Prestige uses for the speech signal that it receives from the peer device and sends to your phone. -1 is the quietest and 1 is the loudest.

Outgoing Call use

SIP 1 and SIP 2 correspond to the Prestige’s SIP accounts. Select whether

you want the phone(s) attached to this phone port to use SIP account 1, 2 or both when you make a call. If you select both SIP accounts, the Prestige will

G.168 Active

VAD Support

first try to use SIP account 2 and then SIP account 1 when you make a call. Select this check box to cancel the echo caused by the sound of your voice

reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk. Select this check box to use Voice Activity Detection (VAD) to reduce the

bandwidth that a call uses. The Prestige will generate and send comfort noise when you are not talking.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

When you are dialing a telephone number the Prestige waits this long after

Dialing Interval

you stop pressing the buttons before initiating the call. Select how many seconds you want the Prestige to wait after the last input on the telephone’s keypad before dialing (making) a call.

Apply Reset

Click Apply to save your changes back to the Prestige. Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Phone book Speed dial

Prestige allows you to configure up to 10 SIP numbers in the phone book for speed dial.

To configure phone book for speed dial please follow the below step.

Step 1. Open the web browser from your workstation to connect to the Prestige by entering the Management IP address of the Prestige. The default management IP of Prestige is 192.168.1.1.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

Step 2. Enter the administrator password appear on the page of login and click on login. The default is '1234'

Step 3. On the left column click on Speed Dial to bring you to Speed Dial page to enter speed dial configuration page.

Step 4. Select the entry number you wish to add to the phone book by the entry selector located under add new entry category on the speed dial field.

Step 5. Fill in the SIP number of the remote party and a descriptive name and click on the radio button to select either to use proxy or entering static IP or URL remote peer.

Step 6. Click on Add button when you are finish to add the entry to the phone book.

Each field's detail description of the page is listed below.

Label Description

Add New Entry

Speed Dial SIP Number

Name

Type

Use this section of the screen to edit and save new or existing speed dial phone book entries.

Select a speed dial key combination from the drop-down list box. Enter the SIP number of the party that you will call (use the number or text

that comes before the @ symbol in a full SIP URI). You can use up to 127 ASCII characters.

Enter a descriptive name to identify the party that you will use this entry to call. You can use up to 127 ASCII characters.

Select Use Proxy if calls to this party use your SIP account configured in the VoIP screen.

Select Non-Proxy (Use IP or URL) if calls to this party use a different SIP server or go directly to the callee’s VoIP phone (IP-to-IP). Enter the SIP server’s or the party’s IP address or domain name (up to 127 ASCII Extended set characters).

Click this button to save the entry in the speed dial phone book. The speed

Add

dial entry displays in the Speed Dial Phone Book section of the screen.

Speed Dial Phone Book

This section of the screen displays the currently saved speed dial entries. You can configure up to 10 entries and use them to make calls.

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Prestige 2602H-6xC Support Notes

This is the entry’s speed dial key combination. Press this key combination on

Speed Dial

Name

SIP Number

Type

Delete

Edit

Clear

a telephone attached to the Prestige in order to call the party named in this entry.

This is the descriptive name of the party that you will use this speed dial entry to call.

This is the SIP number of the party that you will call. This field displays Use Proxy if calls to this party use one of your SIP

accounts. This field displays the SIP server’s or the party’s IP address or domain name if calls to this party do not use one of your SIP accounts.

Click this button to remove an entry from the speed dial phonebook. Click this button to change the speed dial entry. The speed dial entry

displays in the Add New Entry section of the screen where you can edit it. Click this button to remove all of the entries from the speed dial phonebook.

FAQ

ZyNOS FAQ

What is ZyNOS?

ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features. New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites and public Web download site as they become available.

How do I access the embedded web configurator?

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ZyXEL Communications 2602H-6XC User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual