ZyXEL P-660R-T1, P-660R-T7, P-660H-T7, P-660HW-T1, P-660HW-T3 Support Notes

P-660 series

Support Notes

(For P-660R/H/HW-T1/T3/T7)

Version1.0

Sep. 2005

P-660 series Support Notes

INDEX...........................................................................................................................5

ZyNOS FAQ .............................................................................................................5

1. What is ZyNOS?................................................................................................5

2. How do I access the Prestige SMT menu?.........................................................5

3. What is the default console port baud rate? Moreover, how do I change it?.....5

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?......................................5

5. How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via console?................................5

6. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client program

via LAN?................................................................................................................6

7. How do I upload ROMFILE via console port?..................................................6

8. How do I restore SMT configurations by using TFTP client program via

LAN?......................................................................................................................6

9. What should I do if I forget the system password?............................................6

10. How to use the Reset button?...........................................................................7

11.What is SUA? When should I use SUA?..........................................................7

12. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT?...................................7

13. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet? If possible, how?

....................................................................................................8

14. When do I need Multi-NAT?...........................................................................8

15. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?...........................................8

16. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?...................................9

17. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.................................................10

18. Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?................................10

19. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?.............................................10

General FAQ..........................................................................................................12

1. How can I manage P-660?...............................................................................12

2. What is the default user name and password to loging web configurator? .....12

3. How do I know the P-660's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP? ...............12

4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?....................................................12

5. The P-660 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference between them ?

...................................................................................................................12

6. How do I know I am using PPPoE?.................................................................13

7. Why does my provider use PPPoE?.................................................................13

8. What is DDNS?................................................................................................13

9. When do I need DDNS service?......................................................................13

10. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-660 support DDNS wildcard? ...........14

11. Can the P-660's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec gateway?......14

12. How do I setup my P-660 for routing IPSec packets over SUA?..................14

13. What is Traffic Shaping?...............................................................................14

14. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?.......................................15

15.Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-660 ?.........................................15

ADSL FAQ .............................................................................................................16

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems? ................................................16

2. What is the expected throughput?....................................................................16

1

P-660 series Support Notes

3. What is the micro filter used for? ....................................................................16

4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?..............................................................16

5. How does the P-660 work on a noisy ADSL? ...............................................16

6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based multiplexing?

.......................................................................................................17

7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?..................................17

8.What are the possible reasons when the ADSL link is down? .........................17

9.What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?.......................................17

Firewall FAQ (For P-660 H/HW Only) ...............................................................18

General.................................................................................................................18

1. What is a network firewall?.............................................................18

2. What makes P-660 secure?..............................................................18

3. What are the basic types of firewalls?.............................................18

4. What kind of firewall is the P-660?.................................................19

5. Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet filtering and NAT built-in?

................................................................................19

6. What is Denials of Service (DoS) attack?........................................19

7. What is Ping of Death attack?..........................................................20

8. What is Teardrop attack?.................................................................20

9. What is SYN Flood attack?..............................................................20

10. What is LAND attack?...................................................................20

11 What is Brute-force attack? ............................................................20

12. What is IP Spoofing attack?...........................................................21

13. What are the default ACL firewall rules in P-660? .......................21

Configuration.......................................................................................................21

1. How do I configure the firewall?.....................................................21

2. How do I prevent others from configuring my firewall?.................21

3. Can I use a browser to configure my P-660?...................................21

4. Why can't I configure my router using Telnet over WAN?.............21

5. Why can't I upload the firmware and configuration file using FTP over WAN?

..........................................................................................22

Log and Alert.......................................................................................................22

1. When does the P-660 generate the firewall log? .............................22

2. What does the log show to us?.........................................................23

3. How do I view the firewall log? ......................................................23

4. When does the P-660 generate the firewall alert? ...........................24

5. What does the alert show to us?.......................................................24

6. What is the difference between the log and alert?...........................24

General Application Notes....................................................................................25

1. Internet Access Using P-660 under Bridge mode............................................25

Set up your workstation.......................................................................25

Setup your P-660 under bridge mode ..................................................26

2. Internet Access Using P-660 under Router mode............................................28

Set up your workstation.......................................................................28

2

P-660 series Support Notes

Set up your P-660.................................................................................29

3. Setup the P-660 as a DHCP Relay...................................................................31

4. SUA Notes.......................................................................................................32

Tested SUA/NAT Applications...........................................................32

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA..........................................36

Configure a PPTP server behind SUA.................................................37

5. Using Multi-NAT.............................................................................................41

What is Multi-NAT?............................................................................41

NAT Mapping Types...........................................................................42

SUA Versus NAT................................................................................43

SMT Menus .........................................................................................44

NAT Server Sets..................................................................................50

6. About Filter & Filter Examples .......................................................................60

How does ZyXEL filter work? ............................................................60

Filter Examples....................................................................................65

7. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)...................................................................80

8. Network Management Using SNMP...............................................................82

9. Using syslog.....................................................................................................88

P-660 Setup..........................................................................................88

UNIX Setup .........................................................................................89

ZyXEL Syslog Message Format..........................................................89

10. Using IP Alias................................................................................................92

11. Using IP Policy Routing ................................................................................94

12. Using Call Scheduling ...................................................................................99

13. Using IP Multicast .......................................................................................102

14. Using Bandwidth Management....................................................................104

15. Using Zero-Configuration............................................................................107

Wireless Application Notes (For P-660HW Only)............................................112

1. Configure a Wireless Client to Ad hoc mode................................................112

Ad hoc Introduction...........................................................................112

Configuration for Wireless Station A................................................112

Configuration for Wireless Station B ................................................115

2. Configuring Infrastructure mode ...................................................................117

Infrastructure Introduction.................................................................117

Configure Wireless Access Point to Infrastructure mode using SMT.

............................................................................................................117

Configure Wireless Access Point to Infrastructure mode using Web configurator.

.......................................................................................118

Configuration Wireless Station to Infrastructure mode.....................119

3. MAC Filter.....................................................................................................121

MAC Filter Overview........................................................................121

ZyXEL MAC Filter Implementation.................................................121

Configure the WLAN MAC Filter.....................................................121

4. Setup WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)........................................................123

3

P-660 series Support Notes

Introduction........................................................................................124

Setting up the Access Point................................................................126

Setting up the Station.........................................................................129

5. Site Survey.....................................................................................................132

Introduction........................................................................................132

Preparation.........................................................................................132

Survey on Site....................................................................................133

6. Using VPN over Wireless LAN.....................................................................135

1. Setup Sentinel ................................................................................136

2. Setup Prestige VPN........................................................................144

7. Configure 802.1x and WPA...........................................................................146

What is WPA Functionality?.............................................................146

Configuration for Access point..........................................................147

Configuration for your PC.................................................................148

Support Tool.........................................................................................................153

1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace...............................................................................153

Online Trace.......................................................................................153

Offline Trace......................................................................................158

2. Firmware/Configurations Uploading and Downloading using TFTP ...........159

Using TFTP client software...............................................................159

Using TFTP command on Windows NT...........................................160

Using TFTP command on UNIX.......................................................161

3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files........................162

Using FTP command in terminal.......................................................162

Using FTP client software .................................................................163

CI Command Reference......................................................................................166

1. System Related Commands ...........................................................................166

2. Exit Related Commands ................................................................................173

3. Ethernet Related Commands..........................................................................173

4. IP Related Commands..................................................................................174

5. WAN Related Commands..............................................................................180

6. PPP Related Command..................................................................................183

7. Bridge Related Command..............................................................................186

8. WLAN Related Commands...........................................................................187

9. Radius Related Command..............................................................................188

10. 8021x Related Command.............................................................................188

11. Configuration Related Command................................................................188

12. Firewall Related Command .........................................................................194

13. SMT Related command ...............................................................................195

4

P-660 series Support Notes

ZyNOS FAQ

1. What is ZyNOS?

ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features. New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites as they become available.

2. How do I access the Prestige SMT menu?

The SMT interface is a menu driven interface, which can be accessed via a RS232 console or a Telnet connection. To access the Prestige via SMT console port, a computer equipped with communication software such as HyperTerminal must be configured with the following parameters.

• VT100 terminal emulation

• 9600bps baud rate

• N81 data format (No Parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit)

The default console port baud rate is 9600bps, you can change it to 115200bps in Menu 24.2.2 to speed up the SMT access.

3. What is the default console port baud rate? Moreover, how do I change it?

The default console port baud rate is 9600bps. When configuring the SMT, please make sure the terminal baud rate is also 9600bps. You can change the console baud rate from 9600bps to 115200bps in SMT menu 24.2.2.

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file

?

You can upload the firmware and configuration file to Prestige using console port, FTP or TFTP client software. You CAN NOT upload the firmware and configuration file via Telnet because the Telnet connection will be dropped during uploading the firmware. Please do not power off the router right after the FTP or TFTP uploading is finished, the router will upload the firmware to its flash at this moment.

5. How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via console?

The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via console is as follows.

5

P-660 series Support Notes

a. Enter debug mode when powering on the Prestige using a terminal emulator b. Enter 'ATUR' to start the uploading c. Use X-modem protocol to transfer the ZyNOS code d. Enter ' ATGO' to restart the Prestige

6. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client program via LAN?

The Prestige allows you to transfer the firmware to Prestige by using TFTP program via LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via TFTP is as follows.

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige. b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in menu 24.8 to disable console idle timeout c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file 'ras' in

the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the Prestige will program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself.

d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras' from

the Prestige.

7. How do I upload ROMFILE via console port?

In some situations, you may need to upload the ROMFILE, such as losing the system password, or the need of resetting SMT to factory default.

The procedure for uploading ROMFILE via the console port is as follows.

a. Enter debug mode when powering on the Prestige using a terminal emulator b. Enter 'ATLC' to start the uploading c. Use X-modem protocol to transfer ROMFILE d. Enter 'ATGO' to restart the Prestige

8. How do I restore SMT configurations by using TFTP client program via LAN?

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige. b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in menu 24.8 to disable console idle timeout. c. To backup the SMT configurations, use TFTP client program to get file

'rom-0' from the Prestige.

d. To restore the SMT configurations, use the TFTP client program to put your

configuration in file rom-0 in the Prestige.

9. What should I do if I forget the system password?

In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in three way.

6

P-660 series Support Notes

a. Use the Web Configurator. b. Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-660 to reset the router. After

the router is reset, the LAN IP address and the SMT password will be reset to '192.168.1.1' and '1234'. So now you can reach the router through console port or telnet again.

c. Upload the default ROMFILE via console port to reset the SMT to factory

default. After uploading ROMFILE, the default system password is '1234'.

10. How to use the Reset button?

a. Turn your Prestige off and then on. Make sure the SYS led is on (not blinking) b. Press the RESET button for five seconds and then release it. If the SYS LED

begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the Prestige restarts.

11.What is SUA? When should I use SUA?

SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a single user account.

When Prestige acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined for the outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header with its own address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with another value chosen out of a local pool. It then recomputes the appropriate header checksums and forwards the packet to the Internet as if it is originated from Prestige using the IP address assigned by ISP. When reply packets from the external Internet are received by Prestige, the original IP source address and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into the destination fields of the packet (since it is now moving in the opposite direction), the checksums are recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its true destination. This is because SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and port numbers of the local systems currently using it.

12. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT?

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules, Many-to-One and Server. The P-660 now has Full Feature NAT support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers. With multiple global IP addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP servers) are allowed on the LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions that supported SUA 'visible' servers had to be of different types. The P-660 supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-660 supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Set in menu 15.1.255 is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set,

7

P-660 series Support Notes

sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.

13. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet? If possible, how?

Yes, it is possible because P-660 delivers the packet to the local server by looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server accessible to the outside users, the port number and the inside IP address of the server must be configured in Menu

15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup.

14. When do I need Multi-NAT?

• Make local server accessible from outside Internet

When NAT is enabled the local computers are not accessible from outside. You can use Multi-NAT to make an internal server accessible from outside.

• Support Non-NAT Friendly Applications

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do not allow users to login using the same IP address. Thus, users on the same network can not login to the same server simultaneously. In this case it is better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types, thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address.

15. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support

?

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: One to One, Many to One, Many to Many Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. The details of the mapping between ILA and IGA are described as below. Here we define the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA),

1. One to One

In One-to-One mode, the P-660 maps one ILA to one IGA.

2. Many to One

In Many-to-One mode, the P-660 maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option in today's routers).

8

P-660 series Support Notes

3. Many to Many Overload

In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the P-660 maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

4. Many One-to-One

In Many One-to-One mode, the P-660 maps each ILA to unique IGA.

5. Server

In Server mode, the P-660 maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.

The following table summarizes these types.

NAT Type IP Mapping One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)

ILA1<--->IGA1 ILA2<--->IGA1 ...

Many-to-Many Overload

ILA1<--->IGA1 ILA2<--->IGA2 ILA3<--->IGA1 ILA4<--->IGA2 ...

Many

One-to-One

ILA1<--->IGA1 ILA2<--->IGA2 ILA3<--->IGA3 ILA4<--->IGA4 ...

Server

Server 1 IP<--->IGA1 Server 2 IP<--->IGA1

16. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?

The Prestige does not limit the number of the users but the number of the sessions. The P-660 supports 1024/2048 sessions that you can use the 'ip nat iface wanif0 st' command in menu 24.8 to view the current active sessions.

9

P-660 series Support Notes

17. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?

In ZyNOS, the filters have been separated into two groups. One group is called 'device filter group', and the other is called 'protocol filter group'. Generic filters belong to the 'device filter group', TCP/IP and IPX filters belong to the 'protocol filter group'.

18. Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?

In ZyNOS, you can not mix different filter groups in the same filter set.

19. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?

The Prestige's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing attacks. The basic scheme is as follows:

For the input data filter:

• Deny packets from the outside that claim to be from the inside

• Allow everything that is not spoofing us

Filter rule setup:

• Filter type =TCP/IP Filter Rule

• Active =Yes

• Source IP Addr =a.b.c.d

• Source IP Mask =w.x.y.z

• Action Matched =Drop

• Action Not Matched =Forward

Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your netmask:

For the output data filters:

• Deny bounceback packet

• Allow packets that originate from us

Filter rule setup:

• Filter Type =TCP/IP Filter Rule

• Active =Yes

• Destination IP Addr =a.b.c.d

• Destination IP Mask =w.x.y.z

• Action Matched =Drop

• Action No Matched =Forward

10

P-660 series Support Notes

Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your netmask.

11

P-660 series Support Notes

General FAQ

1. How can I manage P-660?

 Menu driven user interface for easy network management Local and remote

console management

 Web configurator  Telnet remote management  TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) and FTP firmware upgrade and

configuration backup and restore

2. What is the default user name and password to loging web configurator?

The default user name is 'admin' and password is '1234'. You can change the password when login to web configurator in the Advanced Setup->Password menu.

Please record your new password whenever you change it. The system will lock you out if you have forgotten your password.

3. How do I know the P-660's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP?

You can view "My WAN IP <from ISP> : 200.1.1.1" shown in menu 24.1 to check this IP address.

4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for

?

Generally, the voice band uses the lower frequency ranging from 0 to 4KHz, while ADSL data transmission uses the higher frequency. The micro filter acts as a low-pass filter for your telephone set to ensure that ADSL transmissions do not interfere with your voice transmissions. For the details about how to connect the micro filter please refer to the user's manual.

5. The P-660 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference between them ?

When the ISP limits some specific computers to access Internet, that means only the traffic to/from these computers will be forwarded and the other will be filtered. In this case, we use bridge mode which works as an ADSL modem to connect to the ISP. The ISP will generally give one Internet account and limit only one computer to access the Internet.

For most Internet users having multiple computers want to share an Internet account for Internet access, they have to add another Internet sharing device, like a router. In

12

P-660 series Support Notes

this case, we use the router mode which works as a general Router plus an ADSL Modem.

6. How do I know I am using PPPoE?

PPPoE requires a user account to login to the provider's server. If you need to configure a user name and password on your computer to connect to the ISP you are probably using PPPoE. If you are simply connected to the Internet when you turn on your computer, you probably are not. You can also check your ISP or the information sheet given by the ISP. Please choose PPPoE as the encapsulation type in the P-660 if the ISP uses PPPoE.

7. Why does my provider use PPPoE?

PPPoE emulates a familiar Dial-Up connection. It allows your ISP to provide services using their existing network configuration over the broadband connections. Besides, PPPoE supports a broad range of existing applications and service including authentication, accounting, secure access and configuration management.

8. What is DDNS?

The Dynamic DNS service allows you to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname, allowing your computer to be more easily accessed from various locations on the Internet. To use the service, you must first apply an account from several free Web servers such as http://www.dyndns.org/.

Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the P-660 to reach our internal server. It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the P-660, you apply a DNS name (e.g., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server. The outside users can always access the web server using the www.zyxel.com.tw regardless of the WAN IP of the P-660.

When the ISP assigns the P-660 a new IP, the P-660 updates this IP to DDNS server so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS server is updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., www.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable.

9. When do I need DDNS service?

When you want your internal server to be accessed by using DNS name rather than using the dynamic IP address we can use the DDNS service. The DDNS server allows to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname. Whenever the ISP assigns you a new IP, the P-660 sends this IP to the DDNS server for its updates.

13

P-660 series Support Notes

10. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-660 support DDNS wildcard?

Some DDNS servers support the wildcard feature which allows the hostname, *.yourhost.dyndns.org, to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful when there are multiple servers inside and you want users to be able to use things such as www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.

Yes, the P-660 supports DDNS wildcard that http://www.dyndns.org/ supports. When using wildcard, you simply enter yourhost.dyndns.org in the Host field in Menu 1.1 Configure Dynamic DNS.

11. Can the P-660's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec gateway?

Yes, the P-660's SUA can handle IPSec ESP Tunneling mode. We know when packets go through SUA, SUA will change the source IP address and source port for the host. To pass IPSec packets, SUA must understand the ESP packet with protocol number 50, replace the source IP address of the IPSec gateway to the router's WAN IP address. However, SUA should not change the source port of the UDP packets which are used for key managements. Because the remote gateway checks this source port during connections, the port thus is not allowed to be changed.

12. How do I setup my P-660 for routing IPSec packets over SUA?

For outgoing IPSec tunnels, no extra setting is required.

For forwarding the inbound IPSec ESP tunnel, A 'Default' server set in menu 15.2.1 is required. It is because SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. LAN users are invisible to outside users. So, to make an internal server for outside access, we must specify the service port and the LAN IP of this server in Menu 15. Thus SUA is able to forward the incoming packets to the requested service behind SUA and the outside users access the server using the P-660's WAN IP address. So, we have to configure the internal IPsec as a default server (unspecified service port) in menu 15.2.1 when it acts a server gateway.

13. What is Traffic Shaping?

Traffic Shaping is a feature in the P-660. It allocates the bandwidth to WAN dynamically and aims at boosting the efficiency of the bandwidth. If there are serveral VCs in the P-660 but only one VC activated at one time, the P-660 allocates all the Bandwidth to the VC and the VC gets full bandwidth. If another VCs are avtivated later, the bandwidth is yield to other VCs after ward.

14

P-660 series Support Notes

14. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?

Traffic shaping parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) can be set in Menu 4 and Menu 11.6 and is valid for both incoming and outgoing direction since G.shdsl is symmetric. Peak Cell Rate(PCR): The maximum bandwidth allocated to this connection. The VC connection throughput is limited by PCR. Sustainable Cell Rate(SCR): The least guaranteed bandwidth of a VC. When there are multi-VCs on the same line, the VC throughput is guaranteed by SCR. Maximum Burst Size(MBS): The amount of cells transmitted through this VC at the Peak Cell Rate before yielding to other VCs. Total bandwidth of the line is dedicated to single VC if there is only one VC on the line. However, as the other VC asking the bandwidth, the MBS defines the maximum number of cells transmitted via this VC with Peak Cell rate before yielding to other VCs.

The P-660 holds the parameters for shaping the traffic among its virtual channels. If you do not need traffic shaping, please set SCR = 0, MBS = 0 and PCR as the maximum value according to the line rate (for example, 2.3 Mbps line rate will result PCR as 5424 cell/sec.)

15.Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-660 ?

The P-660 must manage traffic fairly and provide bandwidth allocation for different sorts of applications, such as voice, video, and data. All applications have their own natural bit rate. Large data transactions have a fluctuating natural bit rate. The P-660 is able to support variable traffic among different virtual connections. Certain traffic may be discarded if the virtual connection experiences congestion. Traffic shaping defines a set of actions taken by the P-660 to avoid congestion; traffic shaping takes measures to adapt to unpredictable fluctuations in traffic flows and other problems among virtual connections.

15

P-660 series Support Notes

ADSL FAQ

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems?

ADSL provides a dedicated service over a single telephone line; cable modems offer a dedicated service over a shared media. While cable modems have greater downstream bandwidth capabilities (up to 30 Mbps), that bandwidth is shared among all users on a line, and will therefore vary, perhaps dramatically, as more users in a neighborhood get online at the same time. Cable modem upstream traffic will in many cases be slower than ADSL, either because the particular cable modem is inherently slower, or because of rate reductions caused by contention for upstream bandwidth slots. The big difference between ADSL and cable modems, however, is the number of lines available to each. There are no more than 12 million homes passed today that can support two-way cable modem transmissions, and while the figure also grows steadily, it will not catch up with telephone lines for many years. Additionally, many of the older cable networks are not capable of offering a return channel; consequently, such networks will need significant upgrading before they can offer high bandwidth services.

2. What is the expected throughput?

In our test, we can get about 1.6Mbps data rate on 15Kft using the 26AWG loop. The shorter the loop, the better the throughput. Besides, please do not stay in menu 24.1 it will slow down the throughput.

3. What is the micro filter used for?

Generally, the voice band uses the lower frequency ranging from 0 to 4KHz, while ADSL data transmission uses the higher frequency. The micro filter acts as a low-pass filter for your telephone set to ensure that ADSL transmissions do not interfere with your voice transmissions. For the details about how to connect the micro filter please refer to the user's manual.

4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?

You can see the DSL LED on the P-660's front panel is on when the ADSL physical layer is up.

5. How does the P-660 work on a noisy ADSL?

Depending on the line quality, the P-660 uses "Fall Back" and "Fall Forward" to automatically adjust the date rate.

16

P-660 series Support Notes

6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based multiplexing?

Though the LLC-based multiplexing can carry multiple protocols over a single VC, it requires extra header information to identify the protocol being carried on the virtual circuit (VC). The VC-based multiplexing needs a separate VC for carrying each protocol but it does not need the extra headers. Therefore, the VC-based multiplexing is more efficient.

7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?

You can use the following CI commands to check the ADSL line statistics.

CI> wan adsl perfdata CI> wan adsl status CI> sys log disp CI> wan adsl linedata far CI> wan adsl linedata near

8.What are the possible reasons when the ADSL link is down?

The physical ADSL line may not be up if:

(1) The DSLAM is not Alcatel. (2) If it is Alcatel, the firmware version should be above 3.1.

9.What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?

The signaling pins on the P-660's ADSL connector are pin 3 and pin 4. The middle two pins for a RJ11 cable.

17

P-660 series Support Notes

Firewall FAQ (For P-660 H/HW Only)

General

1. What is a network firewall?

A firewall is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from an untrusted network. The firewall can be thought of two mechanisms. One to block the traffic, and the other to permit traffic.

2. What makes P-660 secure?

The P-660 is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart Denial of Service (DoS) attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND attack, IP Spoofing, etc. It also uses stateful packet inspection to determine if an inbound connection is allowed through the firewall to the private LAN. The P-660supports Network Address Translation (NAT), which translates the private local addresses to one or multiple public addresses. This adds a level of security since the clients on the private LAN are invisible to the Internet.

3. What are the basic types of firewalls?

Conceptually, there are three types of firewalls:

1. Packet Filtering Firewall

2. Application-level Firewall

3. Stateful Inspection Firewall

Packet Filtering Firewalls generally make their decisions based on the header information in individual packets. These headers information include the source, destination addresses and ports of the packets.

Application-level Firewalls generally are hosts running proxy servers, which permit no traffic directly between networks, and which perform logging and auditing of traffic passing through them. A proxy server is an application gateway or circuit-level gateway that runs on top of general operating system such as UNIX or Windows NT. It hides valuable data by requiring users to communicate with secure systems by mean of a proxy. A key drawback of this device is performance.

Stateful Inspection Firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also 'inspect' the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to

18

P-660 series Support Notes

adapt to dynamic protocols. The flexible nature of Stateful Inspection firewalls generally provides the best speed and transparency, however, they may lack the granular application level access control or caching that some proxies support.

4. What kind of firewall is the P-660?

1. The P-660' s firewall inspects packets contents and IP headers. It is applicable

to all protocols, that understands data in the packet is intended for other layers, from network layer up to the application layer.

2. The P-660's firewall performs stateful inspection. It takes into account the

state of connections it handles so that, for example, a legitimate incoming packet can be matched with the outbound request for that packet and allowed in. Conversely, an incoming packet masquerading as a response to a nonexistent outbound request can be blocked.

3. The P-660's firewall uses session filtering, i.e., smart rules, that enhance the

filtering process and control the network session rather than control individual packets in a session.

4. The P-660's firewall is fast. It uses a hashing function to search the matched

session cache instead of going through every individual rule for a packet.

5. The P-660's firewall provides email service to notify you for routine reports

and when alerts occur.

5. Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet filtering and NAT built-in?

With the spectacular growth of the Internet and online access, companies that do business on the Internet face greater security threats. Although packet filter and NAT restrict access to particular computers and networks, however, for the other companies this security may be insufficient, because packets filters typically cannot maintain session state. Thus, for greater security, a firewall is considered.

6. What is Denials of Service (DoS) attack?

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources.

There are four types of DoS attacks:

1. Those that exploits bugs in a TCP/IP implementation such as Ping of Death

and Teardrop.

2. Those that exploits weaknesses in the TCP/IP specification such as SYN

Flood and LAND Attacks.

3. Brute-force attacks that flood a network with useless data such as Smurf

attack.

19

P-660 series Support Notes

4. IP Spoofing

7. What is Ping of Death attack?

Ping of Death uses a 'PING' utility to create an IP packet that exceeds the maximum 65535 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. The oversize packet is then sent to an unsuspecting system. Systems may crash, hang, or reboot.

8. What is Teardrop attack?

Teardrop attack exploits weakness in the reassemble of the IP packet fragments. As data is transmitted through a network, IP packets are often broken up into smaller chunks. Each fragment looks like the original packet except that it contains an offset field. The Teardrop program creates a series of IP fragments with overlapping offset fields. When these fragments are reassembled at the destination, some systems will crash, hang, or reboot.

9. What is SYN Flood attack?

SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response, While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on what is known as a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer (which is set a relatively long intervals) terminates the TCP three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests, making the system unavailable for legitimate users.

10. What is LAND attack?

In a LAN attack, hackers flood SYN packets to the network with a spoofed source IP address of the targeted system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.

11 What is Brute-force attack?

A Brute-force attack, such as 'Smurf' attack, targets a feature in the IP specification known as directed or subnet broadcasting, to quickly flood the target network with useless data. A Smurf hacker flood a destination IP address of each packet is the broadcast address of the network, the router will broadcast the ICMP echo request packet to all hosts on the network. If there are numerous hosts, this will create a large amount of ICMP echo request packet, the resulting ICMP traffic will not only clog up the 'intermediary' network, but will also congest the network of the spoofed source IP

20

P-660 series Support Notes

address, known as the 'victim' network. This flood of broadcast traffic consumes all available bandwidth, making communications impossible.

12. What is IP Spoofing attack?

Many DoS attacks also use IP Spoofing as part of their attack. IP Spoofing may be used to break into systems, to hide the hacker's identity, or to magnify the effect of the DoS attack. IP Spoofing is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers by tricking a router or firewall into thinking that the communications are coming from within the trusted network. To engage in IP Spoofing, a hacker must modify the packet headers so that it appears that the packets originate from a trusted host and should be allowed through the router or firewall.

13. What are the default ACL firewall rules in P-660?

There are two default ACLs pre-configured in the P-660, one allows all connections from LAN to WAN and the other blocks all connections from WAN to LAN except of the DHCP packets.

Configuration

1. How do I configure the firewall?

P-660 supports a embedded web server so that you can use the web browser to configure it from any OS platform.

2. How do I prevent others from configuring my firewall?

There are several ways to protect others from touching the settings of your firewall.

1. Change the default password since it is required when setting up the firewall

using Telnet, Console or Web browser.

2. Limit who can Telnet to your router. You can enter the IP address of the

secured LAN host in SMT Menu 24.11 to allow Telnet to your P-660. The default value in this field is 0.0.0.0, which means you do not care which host is trying to Telnet your P-660.

3. Can I use a browser to configure my P-660?

Yes, you can use a web browser to configure the P-660.

4. Why can't I configure my router using Telnet over WAN?

There are five reasons that Telnet from WAN is blocked.

21

P-660 series Support Notes

1. When the firewall is turned on, all connections from WAN to LAN are

blocked by the default ACL rule. To enable Telnet from WAN, you must turn the firewall off (Menu 21.2) or create a firewall rule to allow Telnet connection from WAN. The WAN-to-LAN ACL summary will look like as shown below.

Source IP= Telnet host Destination IP= router' WAN IP Service= TCP/23 Action=Forward

2. You have disabled Telnet service in Menu 24.11.

3. Telnet service is enabled but your host IP is not the secured host entered in

Menu 24.11. In this case, the error message 'Client IP is not allowed!' is appeared on the Telnet screen.

4. The default filter rule 3 (Telnet_FTP _WAN) is applied in the Input Protocol

field in menu 11.5.

5. The console port is in use.

5. Why can't I upload the firmware and configuration file using FTP over WAN?

1. When the firewall is turned on, all connections from WAN to LAN are

blocked by the default ACL rule. To enable FTP from WAN, you must turn the firewall off (Menu 21.2) or create a firewall rule to allow FTP connection from WAN. The WAN-to-LAN ACL summary will look like as shown below.

Source IP= FTP host Destination IP= P-660's WAN IP Service= FTP TCP/21, TCP/20 Action=Forward

2. You have disabled FTP service in Menu 24.11.

3. The default filter rule 3 (Telnet_FTP _WAN) is applied in the Input Protocol

field in menu 11.5.

Log and Alert

1. When does the P-660 generate the firewall log?

The P-660 generates the log immediately when the packet match, doesn't match (or both) a firewall rule. The log for Default Permit (LAN to WAN, WAN to LAN) is generated automatically. To generate the log for custom rules, the Log option in Web Configurator must be set to Not Match, Match, or Both. The Reason column for the

22

P-660 series Support Notes

default permit shown in the log will be 'default permit, <1, 00> or <2, 00>'. Here <1, 00> means the LAN-to-WAN default ACL set, <2, 00> means the WAN-to-LAN

default ACL set.

2. What does the log show to us?

The log supports up to 128 entries. There are 2 rows and 5 columns for each entry. Please see the example shown below.

# Time Packet Information Reason Action

127|Mar 15 0 |From:192.168.1.34 To:202.132.155.93 |default permit |forward

| 03:03:54|ICMP type:00008 code:00000 |<1,00> |

Where <X,Y> stands for <Set number, Rule number>. X=1,2 ; Y=00~10. There are two policy sets, set 1 for rules checking connections from LAN to WAN and set 2 for rules checking connections from WAN to LAN. So, X=1 means set 1 and X=2 means set 2.

Y means the rule in the set. Because we can configure up to 10 rules in a set, so Y can be from 1 to 10. If the rule number shows 00, it means the Default Rule.

3. How do I view the firewall log?

The log keeps 128 entries, the new entries will overwrite the old entries when the log has over 128 entries.

After V3.52, all logs generated in P-660, including firewall logs, IPSec logs, system logs are migrated to centralized logs. So you can view firewall logs in Centralized logs.

Before you can view firewall logs there are two steps you need to do,

1. Enable log function in Centralized logs setup via either one of the following methods,

• Web configuration: Advanced/Logs/Log Settings, check Access Control and

Attacks options depending on your real situation.

• CI command: sys logs category [access | attack]

2. Enable log function in firewall default policy or in firewall rules.

After the above two steps, you can view firewall logs via

1. Web Configurator: Advanced/Logs

23

P-660 series Support Notes

2. View the log by CI command: sys logs disp

You can also view Centralized logs via mail or syslog, please configure mail server or Unix Syslog server in Advanced/Logs/Log Settings.

4. When does the P-660 generate the firewall alert?

The P-660 generates the alert when an attack is detected by the firewall and sends it via Email. So, to send the alert you must configure the mail server and Email address using Web Configurator. You can also specify how frequently you want to receive the alert via Web Configurator.

5. What does the alert show to us?

The alert shown in the Email is actually the evens of the attack. So, the Reason column shows Attack and the attack type. Please see the example shown below.

# Time Packet Information Reason Action

127|Mar 15 0 |From:192.16 8.1.1 To:192.168.1.1 |attack |block

| 03:04:54|ICMP type:00008 code:00000 |land |

6. What is the difference between the log and alert? A log entry is just added to the log inside the P-660 and e-mailed together with all

other log entries at the scheduled time as configured. An alert is e-mailed immediately after an attacked is detected.

24

P-660 series Support Notes

General Application Notes

1. Internet Access Using P-660 under Bridge mode

• Setup your workstation

• Setup your P-660 under bridge mode

If the ISP limits some specific computers to access Internet, that means only the traffic to/from these computers will be forwarded and the other will be filtered. In this case, we use P-660 which works as an ADSL bridge modem to connect to the ISP. The ISP will generally give one Internet account and limit only one computer to access the Internet. See the figure below for this setup.

Set up your workstation

1. Ethernet connection

To connect your computer to the P-660's LAN port, the computer must have an Ethernet adapter card installed. For connecting a single computer to the P-660, we a cross-over Eth

use

ernet cable.

2. TCP/IP configuration

In most cases, the IP address of the computer is assigned by the ISP dynamically so you have to configure the computer as a DHCP client which obtains the IP from the ISP using DHCP protocol. The ISP may also provide the gateway, DNS via DHCP if they are available. Otherwise, please enter the static IP addresses for all that the ISP gives to you in the network TCP/IP settings. For Windows, we check the option 'Obtain an IP address automatically' in its TCP/IP setup, please see the example shown below.

25

P-660 series Support Notes

Setup your P-660 under bridge mode

The following procedure shows you how to configure your P-660 as an ADSL Modem for bridging traffic. We will use SMT menu to guide you through the related menu. You can use console or Telnet for finishing these configurations.

1. Configure P-660 as bridge mode in Menu 1 General Setup.

Menu 1 – General setup

System name=P-660 Location= Contact Person's Name= Domain Name= Edit Dynamic DNS= No Route IP= No Bridge= Yes

2. Configure a LAN IP for the P-660 and turn off DHCP Server in Menu 3.2-TCP/IP Ethernet Setup. We use 192.168.1.1 in this case.

26

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup DHCP= None Client IP Pool Starting Address= N/A Size of Client IP Pool= N/A Primary DNS Server= N/A Secondary DNS Server= N/A Remote DHCP Server= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Multicast= None IP Policies= Edit IP Alias= No

3. Configure for Internet setup in Menu 11-Remote Node Profile.

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= Bridge Route= None Active= Yes Bridge= Yes Encapsulation= RFC 1483 Edit IP/Bridge= No Multiplexing= LLC-based Edit ATM Options= No Service Name= N/A Edit Advance Options= No Incoming: Telco Option: Rem Login= N/A Allocated Budget(min)= N/A Rem Password= N/A Period(hr)= N/A Outgoing: Schedule Sets= N/A My Login= N/A Nailed-Up Connection= N/A My Password= N/A Session Options: Authen= N/A Edit Filter Sets= No

Idle Timeout(sec)= N/A

Key Settings:

Option Description

Encapsulation

Select the correct Encapsulation type that your ISP supports. For example, RFC

1483. Multiplexing Select the correct Multiplexing type that your ISP supports. For example, LLC. Router/ Bridge Disable routing mode and enable bridge mode, Bridge = Yes.

27

P-660 series Support Notes

4. Configure ATM setting in Menu 11.6-Remote Node ATM Layer Options. In Menu

11.1, setup "Edit ATM Options= Yes" to enter Menu 11.6 sub-Menu.

Menu 11.6 - Remote Node ATM Layer Options

VPI #= 0 VCI #= 33 ATM QoS Type= CBR Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0 Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0

Key Settings:

Option Description

VPI & VCI number

Specify a VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and a VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) given to you by your ISP.

2. Internet Access Using P-660 under Router mode

For most Internet users having multiple computers want to share an Internet account for Internet access, they have to install an Internet sharing device, like a router. In this case, we use the P-660 which works as a general Router plus an ADSL Modem. See the figure below for this setup.

Set up your workstation

1. Ethernet connection

28

P-660 series Support Notes

Connect the LAN ports of all computers and the P-660 to a HUB using a straight Ethernet cable.

2. TCP/IP configuration

Since the P-660 is set to DHCP server as default, so you need only to configure the workstations as the DHCP clients in the networking settings. In this case, the IP address of the computer is assigned by the P-660. The P-660 can also provide the DNS to the clients via DHCP if it is available. For this setup in Windows, we check the option 'Obtain an IP address automatically' in its TCP/IP setup. Please see the example shown below.

S

The following procedure shows you how routing traffic. We will use SMT menu to guide you th can use console or Telnet for finishing these co

1. Configure P-660 as router mode in Menu 1

et up your P-660

to configure your P-660 as Router mode for

rough the related menu. You

nfigurations.

General Setup.

Menu 1– General Setup

System Name= P-660 Location=

29

P-660 series Support Notes

Contact Person's Name= Domain Name= Edit Dynamic DNS= No Route IP= Yes Bridge= No

2. Configure a LAN IP for the P-660 and the DHCP Ethernet Setup. The settings except of the DNS addresses sh pre-configured defaults.

settings in Menu 3.2-TCP/IP

own below are the

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup DHCP Setup DHCP= Server Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 6 Primary DNS Server= 168.95.1.1 Secondary DNS Server= 168.95.192.1 Remote DHCP Server= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= Both Version= RIP-1 Multicast= None IP Policies= Edit IP Alias= No

3. Configure for Internet setup in Menu 4-Internet Access Setup.

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= CHT Encapsulation= PPPoE Multiplexing= LLC-based VPI #= 0 VCI #= 33 ATM QoS Type= CBR Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0 Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0 My Login= [email protected]

30

P-660 series Support Notes

My Password= ******** Idle Timeout (sec)= 0 Address Assignment= Dynamic IP IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= SUA Only Address Mapping Set= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

Option Description

Encapsulation

Select the correct Encapsulation type that your ISP supports. For example, RFC 1483.

Multiplexing

Select the correct Multiplexing type that your ISP supports. For example LLC.

,

VPI & VCI Specify a VPI (Virtual Path entifier) and a VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier)

Id

number given to you by your ISP. Single User

Set to Yes if you only have a single IP account for sharing with local

ers. Account comput

IP Address

Set to Dynamic if the ISP provides the IP for the P-660 dynamically.

.

Assignment

Otherwise, set to Static and enter the IP in the following IP Address field

IP Address

This field can not be configured if the ISP provides the IP for the P-660 dynamically. Otherwise, enter the IP that the ISP gives to you.

3. Setup the P-660 as a DHCP Relay

as

e LAN clients. When it is configured as

What is DHCP Relay?

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P-660 supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to th DHCP relay, it is responsible for forwarding the requests and responses negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.

31

P-660 series Support Notes

Setup the P-660 as a DHCP Client

DHCP

rver in the 'Relay Server Address' field.

1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in menu 3.2 and enter the IP address of the se

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

DHCP Setup DHCP= Relay Client IP Pool Starting Address= N/A Size of Client IP Pool= N/A Primary DNS Server= N/A Secondary DNS Server= N/A Relay Server Address= 192.168.1.2

TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= Both Version= RIP-1 Multicast= None IP Policies= Edit IP Alias= No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. SUA Notes

Tested SUA/NAT Applications (e.g., Cu-SeeMe, ICQ, NetMeeting)

32

P-660 series Support Notes

Introduction Generally, SUA makes your LAN machine to the outside world.

isible to outsid However, some appli

e, and ICQ will need to al user behi ch case, a SUA server must be enter ward the incoming packets to the true destination behind SUA t need extra settings of menu

15.2.1 for an outgoing connection e need to configure the menu 15.2.1 to make the outgoing connection work. After the required menu 15.2.1 settings are completed the interna tions can be accessed by using the P-660's

WAN IP addres

ting Table

he required me 2.1 settings for the var s

le

1

appear as a single LAN users are inv e users. cations such as Cu-SeeM connect to the loc

ed in menu 15.2.1 to for

. Generally, we do no

. But for some applications w

l server or client applica s.

nd the P-660. In su

SUA Suppor The following are t nu 15. ious application running SUA mode. ZyXEL SUA Supporting Tab

Required Settings in Menu 15.2.1 Port/IP

Application

Outgoing Connection Incoming Connection

HTTP None 80/client IP FTP None 21/client IP TELNET None 23(a/client IP

nd remove Telnet

ter in WAN port) fil POP3 None 110/client IP SMTP None 25/client IP

mIRC

None for Chat.

e set

t/Client IP

For DCC, pleas Defaul

.

33

P-660 series Support Notes

Windows PPTP None 1723/client IP ICQ 99a None for Chat.

For DCC, please set:

connections -> firewall and

time out to

80 seconds in firewall

P

ICQ -> preference ->

set the firewall

setting.

Default/client I

ICQ 2000b None for Chat None for Chat ICQ Phone 2000b None ient IP 6701/cl Cornell 1.1 Cu-SeeMe None 7648/client IP White Pine 3.1.2 Cu-SeeMe

2

7648/client IP &

client IP

P

24032/

Default/client I

White Pine 4.0 Cu-SeeMe lient IP & 7648/c

24032/client IP

Default/client IP

Microsoft NetMeeting 2.1 &

3.01

3

None 1720/client IP

1503/client IP Cisco IP/TV 2.0.0 None . RealPlayer G2 None . VDOLive None . Quake1.06

4

None Default/client IP

QuakeII2.30

5

None Default/client IP QuakeIII1.05 beta None . StartCraft. 6112/client IP . Quick Time 4.0 None .

pcAnywhere 8.0 None

5631/client IP 5632/client IP

22/client IP IPsec (ESP tunneling mode) None (one client only) Default/Client Microsoft Messenger Service

3.0

6901/client IP 6901/client IP

Microsoft Messenger Service

None for Chat, Fil

4.6/ 4.7/ 5.0

6

transfer ,Video and Voic

(none UPnP)

Voice

None for Chat, File

e

transfer, Video and

Net2Phone None 6701/client IP Network Time Protocol (NTP) None 123 /server IP

Win2k Terminal Server None 3389/server IP Remote Anything None 3996 - 4000/client IP

34

P-660 series Support Notes

00/client IP

Virtual Network Computing (VNC)

None

5500/client IP

5800/client IP

59 AIM (AOL Instant Messenger) None for Chat and IM None for Chat and IM e-Donkey None 4661 - 4662/client IP POLYCOM Video

Conferencing

None Default/client IP

iVISTA 4.1 None 80/server IP Microsoft Xbox Live7 None N/A

1

Since SUA enables your LAN to appear as a single computepr to the Internet, it is not

ossible to configure similar servers on the same LAN behind SUA.

Because White Pine Cu-SeeMe uses dedicate ports (port 7648 & port 24032) to

u-SeeMe is allowed within the

allowed because the outsiders can

same internet IP.

users to login using the same unique IP,

s case. Moreover, when a Quake server

ide information of that

video/ voice pass-through NAT since ndows OS supported UPnP (Universal

, UPnP supported in P-660 is

n alternative solution to pass through MSN Messenger video/ voice traffic. For more

detail, please refer to UPnP application note.

new firmware version. If your P-660 firmware is too old to support such function, you may have a work-around solution, please refer to ZyXEL website -> Support -> Xbox Live service

/support/xbox.htm

2

transmit and receive data, therefore only one local C same LAN.

3

In SUA mode, only one local NetMeeting user is

not distinguish between local users using the

4

Certain Quake servers do not allow multiple so only one Quake user will be allowed in thi is configured behind SUA, P-660 will not be able to prov server on the internet.

5

Quake II has the same limitations as that of Quake I.

6

P-660 support MSN Messenger 4.6/ 4.7/ 5.0 new firmware version. In addition, for the Wi Plug and Play), such as Windows XP and Windows ME a

7

P-660 support Microsoft Xbox Live since the

http://www.zyxel.com Configurations For example, if the workstation operating Cu-SeeMe has an IP of 192.168.1.34, then the default SUA server must be set to 192.168.1.34. The peer Cu-SeeMe user can reach this workstation by using P-660's

WAN IP address which can be obtained from

menu 24.1.

Menu 15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------- -----

1. Default Default 192.168.1.34

35

P-660 series Support Notes

2. 0 0 0.0.0.0

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA

Introduction

If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web fo th

, ftp or mail server) accessible r outside users, even though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to e outside world. A service is identified by the port number. Also, since you need to

specify the IP address of a server in the P-660, a server must have a fixed IP address and tially changes each time it is powered on.

n to the servers for specific upports a default server. A

e request that does not have a s r explicitly designated for it is forwarded to

the default server. If the default server is not defined, the service request is simply

d.

ration

outsid orld, specify the port number of the service

and the inside address of the server in 'Menu 15.2.1', Multiple Server Configuration.

not be a DHCP client whose IP address poten

In additio services, SUA s servic erve

discarde

Configu

To make a server visible to the e w

36

P-660 series Support Notes

an access the local server using the P-660's WAN IP address

menu 24.1.

server for outside access) :

The outside users c which can be obtained from

For example (Configuring an internal Web

Menu 15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------- -----

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 80 80 192.168.1.10

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Port numbers for some services

Service Port Number

FTP 21

Telnet 23

SMTP 25

DNS (Domain Name Server) 53

www-http (Web) 80

Configure a PPTP server behind SUA

Introduction

37

P-660 series Support Notes

o

ithin Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP

network, including the Internet itself.

establish an IP

connection with a tunnel server such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access

p

sed,

erved even across the

Internet.

PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets t be encapsulated w

In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to

Server.

Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure, optimized multiple-protocol network connection over dial-u telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be encrypted and compres and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is pres

Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack

ppears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be PPTP a sele . The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsew

rotocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.

The PPTP 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs t e

cted when setting up a connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder

here in the system. Since PPTP encapsulates its

data stream in the PPP p

is supported in Windows NT and Windows

o b upgraded by the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.

38

P-660 series Support Notes

his application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote

, all PPTP packets can be

The port

T Menu 15 for P-660 to forward to

NT server.

Configuration

T private network in the P-660 SUA case. In ZyNOS forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server) behind SUA. number of the PPTP has to be entered in the SM the appropriate private IP address of Windows

Example

0.

1. PPTP server setup (WinNT)

• Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network

t

s for

•

The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the P-660 and then establish a tunnel to a private network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT), PPTP client (Win9x) and the P-66

• Add an user account for PPTP logged on user

• Enable RAS port

• Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI

• Set the Internet gateway to P-660

2. PPTP client setup (Win9x)

• Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correc

username & password and the IP address of the P-660's Internet IP addres logging to NT RAS server.

Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP

3. P-660 router setup

39

P-660 series Support Notes

• Before making a VPN connection from Win9x to WinNT server, you need

to connect P-660 router to your ISP first.

• Enter the IP address of the PPTP server (WinNT server) and the port

number for PPTP as shown below.

ed.

N connection from the Win9x client to the NT server, you need to net IP address that the ISP assigns to P-660 router in SUA mode

and enter this IP address in the VPN dial-up dialog box. You can check this Internet

Menu 15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------- -----

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 1723 1723 192.168.1.10

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achievable, you can place a VPN call from the remote Win9x client.

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

For example: C:\ping 203.66.113.2

When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic through that connection. Therefore, the output below shows the default gateway of the Win9x client after the dial-up connection has been establish

Before making a VP know the exact Inter

40

P-660 series Support Notes

y

IP address from PNC Monitor or SMT Menu 24.1. If the Internet IP address is a fixed IP address provided by ISP in SUA mode, then you can always use this IP address for reaching the VPN server.

In the following example, the IP address '140.113.1.225' is dynamically assigned b ISP. You must enter this IP address in the 'VPN Server' dialog box for reaching the PPTP server. After the VPN link is established, you can start the network protocol application such as IP, IPX and NetBEUI.

5. Using Multi-NAT

What is Multi-NAT?

NAT (Network Address Translation-NAT RFC 1 Protocol address used within one

631) is the translation of an Internet

network to a different IP address known within

re

side IP addresses and "unmaps" the global IP addresses on incoming

ck into local IP addresses. The IP addresses for the NAT can be either fixed

it of

In such case, all incoming connections to your network will be

filtered out by the P-660, thus preventing intruders from probing your network.

tes by mapping the private

IP addresses to a global IP address. It is only one subset of the NAT. The P-660 with

0 support e features of the NAT based on RFC 1631, and

another network. One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside. Typically, a company maps its local inside network addresses to one or mo global out packets ba or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the additional benef firewall protection.

The SUA feature that the P-660 supports previously opera

ZyNOS V3.4 s the most of th

41

P-660 series Support Notes

ature as ' mo rmation on IP address translation,

please refer to RFC 163 Address Translator (NAT).

How NAT works

local IP nternal Local Addresses (ILA) and the

ddresses as t dd , see the following figure. The term 'inside' refers to th by mapping the ILA to the IGA required for communication with hosts on other

th address (and TCP or UDP source port

orw the Internet ISP, thus making them appear

come fro he P-660

the origi ort numbers so incoming reply packets can

we call this fe Multi-NAT'. For re info

1, The IP Network

If we define the global IP a

addresses as the I

he Inside Global A

e set of networks that are subject to translation. NAT operates

ress (IGA)

networks. It replaces numbers) and then f as if they had keeps track of have their original values restored.

e original IP source

ards each packet to m the NAT system itself (e.g., the P-660 router). T nal addresses and p

NAT Mapping Types

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:

One to One

In One-to-One mode, the P-660 maps one ILA to one IGA.

Many to One

In Many-to-One mode, the P-660 maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to

), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that

previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option in today's routers).

any-to-Many Overload mode, the P-660 maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation

Many to Many Overload

In M

42

P-660 series Support Notes

aps each ILA to unique IGA.

vers to one global IP address. This

ehind the NAT for outside

A please use the

Many to Many No Overload

In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the P-660 m

Server

In Server mode, the P-660 maps multiple inside ser allows us to specify multiple servers of different types b access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IG One-to-One mode.

The following table summarizes these types.

NAT Type IP Mapping

Mapping Direction

One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1 Both Many-to-One

(SUA/PAT)

ILA1---->IGA1 ILA2---->IGA1 Outgoing ...

Many-to-Many

ILA2---->IGA2

Ov

...

erload

ILA1---->IGA1

ILA3---->IGA1 ILA4---->IGA2

Outgoing

Many-to-Many No Overload

(Allocate by Connections)

ILA2---->IGA3 ILA3---->IGA2 ILA4----> ...

Outgoing

ILA1---->IGA1

IGA4

Server

Server 1 IP<----IG Server 2

A1

IP<----IGA1

Incoming

SUA Versus NAT

S M g addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP serve

UA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules,

any-to-One and Server. The P-660 now has Full Feature NAT support to map

lobal IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers. With multiple global IP

rs) are allowed on the

LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions (that supported SUA 'visible'

43

P-660 series Support Notes

60

t in

e-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set,

sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in

enus

Applying NAT in the SMT Menus

You apply NAT via men d 11.3 as apply NAT for Internet access in menu 4 enu 4-Internet Access Setup.

servers had to be of different types. The P-660 supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-6 supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Se menu 15.1 is a convenient, pr

previous ZyNOS versions.

SMT M

us 4 an displayed next. The next figure how you

. Enter 4 from the Main Menu to go to M

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

me= ISP's Na CHT Encapsulation= PPPoE Multiplexing= LLC-based VPI #= 0 VCI #= 33 ATM QoS T R ype= CB Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0 Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0 My Login= [email protected] My Password= ******** Idle Timeout (sec)= 0 IP Address Assignment= Static IP Address= 200.1.2.1 Network Address Translation= Full Feature Address Mapping Set= 1 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following figure shows how you apply NAT to the remote node in menu 11.3.

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Options: Bridge Options: IP Address Assignment = Dynamic

44

P-660 series Support Notes

Rem IP Addr = 0.0.0.0 Rem Subnet Mask= 0.0.0.0 My WAN Addr= N/A NAT= Full Feature Address Mapping Set= 1 Metric= 2 Private= No RIP Direction= None Version= RIP-1 Multicast= None IP Policies=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Step 1. Enter 11 Step 2. Move th default No to Y

Network Laye

The following t

from the Main Menu.

e cursor to the Edit IP field, press the [SPACEBAR] to toggle the

es, then press [ENTER] to bring up Menu 11.3-Remote Node

r Options.

able describes the options for Network Address Translation.

Field Options Description

Full Feature

When you select this option the SMT will use Address Mapping Set 1 (Menu 15.1-see later for further discussion).

None

NAT is disabled when you select this option.

Network Address Translation

SUA Only

e Address Mapping Set 255 (Menu 15.1-see later for further discussion). This option use basically Many-to-One Overload mapping. Select Full Feature when you require other mapping types. It is a convenient, pre-configured, read only,

e mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions. Note that there is also a Server type whose IGA is 0.0.0.0 in

When you select this option the SMT will us

Many-to-On

this set.

Table: Applying NAT in Menu 4 and Menu 11.3

45

P-660 series Support Notes

guring NAT

nfigure NAT, enter 15 from the Main Menu to bring up the following screen.

Confi

To co

Menu 15 - NAT Setup

1. Address Mapping Sets

2. NAT Server Sets

Address Ma

d us to create th le used

ssign global addresses to LAN clients. Each remote node must specify which NAT

Address Ma so allows you to

in Menu 15.1. You can only configure from Set 1 to Set 8. Set 255 is used for SUA.

r correct NAT Set as

ll. When t 255.

apped to external ports. To use

-660), a server rule must be set up inside the NAT Address

ing se for further information

pping Sets and NAT Server Sets

Use the Ad to a

ress Mapping Sets menus and submen e mapping tab

pping Set to use. The P-660 has 8 remote nodes and NAT Address Mapping Set. You can see nine NAT Address Mapping sets configure 8

When you sweelect Full Feature in menu 4 or 11.3, you must ente

you select SUA Only, the SMT will use Se

The NAT S this set (one set for the P

erver Set is a list of LAN side servers m

Mapp t. Please see NAT Server Sets on these menus.

Enter 1 to bring up Menu 15.1-Address Mapping Sets

Me nu 15.1 - Address Mapping Sets

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

255. SUA (Read Only)

Enter Set Number to Edit:

46

P-660 series Support Notes

irst look at Option 255. Option 255 is equivalent to SUA in previous ZyXEL

The fields in this menu cannot be changed. Entering 255 brings up this

Let's f routers. screen.

Menu 15.1.255 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= SUA (Read Only)

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---- --

1. 0.0.0.0 255.255 0.0.0.0 M-1 255.255.

2. 0.0.0.0 Serve+

3.

4.

5.

6.

The follow fields in this menu are r

ing table explains the fields in this screen. Please note that the

ead-only.

Field Description Option/Example

Set Name

u selected in Menu 15.1 or

enter the name of a new set you want to create.

SUA

This is the name of the set yo

Idx This is the index or rule number. 1 Local Start

IP

This is the starting local IP address (ILA).

0.0.0.0 for the Many-to-One type.

Local End IP all local IPs, then the Start IP is 0.0.0.0 and the End IP is

255.255.255.255.

255.255.255.255

This is the starting local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for

Global Start IP

This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a

0.0.0.0

dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global Start IP.

Global End

This is the ending global IP address (IGA). N/A

IP Type This is the NAT mapping types. Many-to-One and Server

Please note that the fields in this m server set 1 can be modifi

enu are read-only. However, the settings of the

ed in menu 15.2.1.

47

P-660 series Support Notes

1 in Menu 15.1. Enter 1 to bring up this menu. Now let's look at Option

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= ? Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---- --

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. Action= Edit , Select Rule= 0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

We will ju te that, this screen is not re No that the [?] in

d you mu r a name for

e set. Th The Type, Local and Glob l values are displayed here.

st look at the differences from the previous menu. No

ad on

t Nam

ly, so we have extra Action and Select Rule fields.

e field means that this is a required field an

t also

st entethe Se

th e description of the other fields is as described above.

rt/End IPs are configured in Menu 15.1.1 (describedal Sta ater) and the

Field Description Option

Set Name

note that

Enter a name for this set of rules. This is a required field. Please

if this field is left blank, the entire set will be deleted.

Rule1

Action

They are 4 actions. The default is Edit. Edit means you want to edit a selected rule (see following field). Insert Before means to insert a new rule before the rule selected. The rule after the selected rule will then be moved down by one rule. Delete means to delete the selected rule and then all the rules after the selected one will be advanced one rule. Save Set means to save the whole set (note w

Edit Insert Before Delete

hen

Save Set

you choose this action the Select Rule item will be disabled).

Select Rule

When you choose Edit, Insert Before or Save Set in the previous field the cursor jumps to this field to allow you to select the rule to apply th1 e action in question.

Note: Save Set in the Action field means to save the whole set. You must do this if you make any changes to the set-including deleting a rule. No changes to the set take

48

P-660 series Support Notes

place until this action is taken. Be careful when ordering your rules as each rule is executed in turn beginning from the first rule.

Selecting Edit in the Action field and then selecting a rule brings up the following menu, Menu 15.1.1.1-Address Mapping Rule in which you can edit an individual rule and configure the Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs displayed in Menu

15.1.1.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One Local IP: Start= 0.0.0.0 End = N/A Global IP: Start= 0.0.0.0 End = N/A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Field Description Option/Example

Type

Press [SPACEBAR] to toggle through a total o These are the mapping types discussed abo type. Some examples follow to clarify

f 5 types.

ve plus a server

these a little more.

One-to-One Many-to-One Many-to-Many Overload Many-to-Many No Overload Server

Start This is the starting local IP address (ILA) 0.0.0.0 L I

s (ILA). If the rule is for

as 0.0.0.0 and the End IP

N/A for One-to-One type.

255.255.255.255

ocal

P

End

This is the ending local IP addres all local IPs, then put the Start IP as 255.255.255.255. This field is

Start

This is the starting global IP addr dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the G

ess (IGA). If you have a

lobal Start IP.

0.0.0.0

G I

dress (IGA). This

field

-One and Server types.

200.1.1.64

lobal

P

End

This is the ending global IP ad

is N/A for One-to-One, Many-to

Note: For all Local and Global IPs, the End IP address must begin after the IP Start

nning before the Start IP address. address, i.e., you cannot have an End IP address begi

49

P-660 series Support Notes

NAT Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports (similar to

the old SUA menu of before). If you wish, you can make inside servers for different

e.g., Web or FTP, visible to s, even though NAT makes your

rk appears as a single machine to the outside world. A server is identified by the

ber, e.g., Web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21.

ample (see the following fig eb server at 192.168.1.36

.33, the u need to specify for port 80 (Web) the

s 192.168.1.36 and port 21 (FTP) another at IP address

NAT Server Sets

The

services, the outside user netwo port num

As an ex ure), if you have a W and a FTP server at 192.168.1 n yo server at IP addres for

192.168.1.33.

Please note that a server can support more than one service, e.g., a server can provide both FTP and Mail service, while another provides only Web service.

The following procedures show how to configure a server behind NAT.

Step 1. Enter 15 in the Main Menu to go to Menu 15-NAT Setup.

tep 2. Enter 2 to go to Menu 15.2.1-NAT Server Setup.

the inside IP address of

field.

R to confirm...' prompt to save your

ss ESC at any time to cancel.

S Step 3. Enter the service port number in the Port# field and the server in the IP Address Step 4. Press [SPACEBAR] at the 'Press ENTE configuration after you define all the servers or pre

Menu 15.2.1 - NAT Server Setu p (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------- -----

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 21 21 192.168.1.33

3. 80 80 192.168.1.36

50

P-660 series Support Notes

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.

Service Port Number FTP 21 Telnet 23 SMTP 25 DNS (Domain Name Server) 53 www-http (Web) 80 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling

Protocol)

1723

Examples

• Internet Access Only

• Internet Access with an Internal Server

ap to one

• Using Multiple Global IP addresses for clients and servers

• Support Non NAT Friendly Applications

1. Internet Access Only

In our Internet Access example, we only need one rule where all our ILAs m IGA assigned by the ISP. See the following figure.

51

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= CHT Encapsulation= PPPoE Multiplexing= LLC-based VPI #= 0 VCI #= 33 ATM QoS Type= CBR Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0 Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0 My Login= [email protected] My Password= ******** Idle Timeout (sec)= 0 IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= SUA Only Address Mapping Set= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel :

From Menu 4 shown above simply choose the SUA Only option from the NAT field.

his is the Many-to-One mapping discussed earlier. The SUA read only option from

e NAT field in menu 4 and 11.3 is specifically pre-configured to handle this case.

T th

52

P-660 series Support Notes

. Internet Access with an Internal Server 2

In this case, we do exactly as above (use the co and also go to Menu 15.2.1-NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only Internet Server behind the NAT as shown in the NAT

nvenient pre-configured SUA Only set)

) to specify the

as shown below.

Menu 15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------- -----

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 21 21 192.168.1.33

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

53

P-660 series Support Notes

o-One,

Many-to-One, Server Set mapping types are used)

3. Using Multiple Global IP addresses for clients and servers (One-t

In this case we have 3 IGAs (IGA1, IGA2 and IGA3) from the ISP. We have two very busy internal FTP servers and also an internal general server for the web and mail. In

is case, we want to assign the 3 IGAs by the following way using 4 NAT rules.

• Rule 1 (One-to-One type) to map the FTP Server 1 with ILA1 (192.168.1.10)

• Rule 2 (One-to-One type) to map the FTP Server 2 with ILA2 (192.168.1.11)

e type) to map the other clients to IGA3.

web server and mail server with ILA3

Server allows us to specify multiple servers, of

achines behind NAT on the LAN.

In this case, we need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15.1-Address

eature option from the NAT

eld in menu 4 or menu 11.3, and assign IGA3 to P-660 WAN IP Address.

th

to IGA1.

to IGA2.

• Rule 3 (Many-to-On

• Rule 4 (Server type) to map a

(192.168.1.20) to IGA3. Type different types, to other m

Step 1:

Mapping Sets. Therefore we must choose the Full F fi

54

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= CHT Encapsulation= PPPoE Multiplexing= LLC-based VPI #= 0 VCI #= 33 ATM QoS Type= CBR Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0 Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0 My Login= N/A My Password= N/A ENET ENCAP Gateway= N/A IP Address Assignment= Static IP Address= IGA3 Network Address Translation= Full Feature Address Mapping Set= 1

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Step 2:

Go to menu 15.1 and choose 1 (not 255, SUA this time) to begin configuring this new set. Enter a Set Name, choose the Edit Action and then select 1 from Select Rule field. Press [ENTER] to confirm. See the following setup for the four case.

Rule 1 Setup: Select One-to-One type to map the FTP Server 1 with I (192.168.1.10) to IGA1.

rules in our

LA1

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10 End = N/A Global IP: Start= [Enter IGA1] End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

55

P-660 series Support Notes

etup: Selecting One-to-One type to map the FTP Server 2 with ILA2

(192.168.1.11) to IGA2.

Rule 2 S

Menu 15.1.1.2 - - Rule 2

Type: One-to-One

Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.11 End = N/A

Global IP: Start= [Enter IGA2] End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 3 Setup: Select Many-to-One type to map the other clients to IGA3.

Menu 15.1.1.3 - - Rule 3

Type: Many-to-One

Local IP: Start= 0.0.0.0 End = 255.255.255.255

Global IP: Start= [Enter IGA3] End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Rule 4 Setup: Select Server type to map our web server and mail server with ILA3 (192.168.1.20) to IGA3.

56

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 15.1.1.4 - - Rule 4

Type: Server

Local IP: Start= N/A End = N/A

Global IP: Start=[Enter IGA3] End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

When we have configured all four rules Menu 15.1.1 should look as follows.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= Example3

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---- --

1. 192.168.1.10 [IGA1] 1-1

2. 192.168.1.11 [IGA2] 1-1

3. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 [IGA3] M-1

4. [IGA3] Server

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Press ESC or RETURN to Exit:

57

P-660 series Support Notes

ing traffic to go to our web server aand mail server

Server Setup (not Set 1, Set 1 is used for SUA Only

Step 3:

Now we configure all other incom from Menu 15.2.2 - NAT case).

Menu 15.2.2 - NAT Server Setup

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------- -----

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 80 80 192.168.1.20

3. 25 25 192.168.1.20

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. Support Non NAT Friendly Applications

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do not allow users to login using the same IP address. In is case it is better to use Many-to-Many

ne NAT mapping types, thus each user login to the server

address. The following figure illustrates this.

th No Overload or One-to-O using a unique global IP

58

P-660 series Support Notes

One u o Overload mapping type is shown below.

r le configured for using Many-to-Many N

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1 Type: Many-to-Many No Overload Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10 End = 192.168.1.12 Global IP: Start= [Enter IGA1] End = [Enter IGA3]

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The three rules configured for using One-to-One mapping type is shown below.

Menu 15.1.1.1 - - Rule 1

Type: One-to-One Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10 End = N/A Global IP: Start= [Enter IGA1] End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 15.1.1.2 - - Rule 2

59

P-660 series Support Notes

Type: One-to-One Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.11 End = N/A

l IP: Globa

Start= [Enter IGA2] End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 15.1.1.3 - - Rule 3

Type: One-to-One Local IP:

Start= 192.168.1.12 End = N/A

Global IP:

Start= [Enter IGA3] End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

6

How does ZyXEL filter work?

. About Filter & Filter Examples

configure up to twelve filter sets with six rules in each set,

an apply up to four filter sets to a

f packets. With each filter set having up to six

4 rules active for a single port. The following

low when executing a filter rule.

Filter Structure

The P-660 allows you to for a total of 72 filter rules in the system. You c particular port to block multiple types o rules, you can have a maximum of 2 diagram illustrates the logic f

60

P-660 series Support Notes

Filter Types and SUA

Conceptually, there are two categories of filter rules: Generic filter rules belong to the device category LAN and WAN. The IP and IPX filter rules belong to on the IP and IPX packets.

In order to allow users to specify the local network filter rules with SUA connections, the TCP/IP filter function has to be executed before SUA for WAN outgoing pac But at the same time, the Generic filter rules m P-660 is receiving and sending the packets; i.e. the ISDN interface. So, the execution

device and protocol. The

; they act on the raw data from/to

the protocol category; they act

IP address and port number in the

kets and after the SUA for WAN incoming IP packets.

ust be applied at the point when the

ged. The logic flow of the filter is shown in Figure 1 and the

e logic flow for the packet from LAN to WAN is:

sets.

output filter sets.

A converts the source IP address from 192.168.1.33 to

rt number from 1023 to 4034.

sequence has to be chan sequence of th

• LAN device and protocol input filter

• WAN protocol call and

• If SUA is enabled, SU

203.205.115.6 and po

61

P-660 series Support Notes

d call filter sets.

w for the packet from WAN to LAN is:

• WAN device output an

The sequence of the logic flo

WAN device input filter sets.

If SUA is enabled, SUA converts the destination IP address from 203.205.115.6 to

92.168.1.33 and port number from 4034 to 1023.

WAN protocol input filter sets.

LAN device and protocol output filter sets.

Gen (and IPX) filter rules are in different filter sets. The SMT will detect and prevent the mixing of different category rules within any filter set in Menu

nd device

filter rules cannot be active together' if you try to activate a TCP/IP (or IPX) filter

Generic filter rules. You will

u try to activate a Generic filter rule in a filter set that has

eric and TCP/IP

21. In the following example, you will receive an error message 'Protocol a

rule in a filter set that has already had one or more active receive the same error if yo already had one or more active TCP/IP (or IPX) filter rules.

Menu 21.1.1:

62

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule Active= Yes Offset= 0 Length= 0 Mask= N/A Value= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Check Next Rule Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Menu 21.1.2:

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Check Next Rule Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Saving to ROM. Please wait...

Protocol and device rule cannot be active together

To separate the device and Menu 13.1, have been added, as well a

11.1, and Menu 13. The new

protocol filter categories; two new menus, Menu 11.5 and

s some changes made to the Menu 3.1, Menu

fields are shown below.

63

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 3.1:

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters=

Menu 11.1:

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= LAN Route= IP Active= Yes Bridge= No

Encapsulation= PPP Edit PPP Options= No Incoming: Rem IP Addr= ? Rem Login= test Edit IP/IPX/Bridge= No Rem Password= ******** Outgoing: Session Options: My Login= testt Edit Filter Sets= Yes My Password= ***** Authen= CHAP/PAP Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 11.5:

Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters=

SMT will also prevent you from enter to the device filters field in Menu 3 protocol filters field. Even though SM entered in ZyNOS, it is unable to res

ing a protocol filter set configured in Menu 21

.1, 11.5, or entering a device filter set to the

T will prevent the inconsistency from being

olve the intermixing problems existing in the

64

P-660 series Support Notes

red before. Instead, when ZyNOS translates the old

ll verify the filter rules and log the

ystem log (Menu 24.3.1) before putting your device

he P-660 will disable its

routing/bridging functions if there is an inconsistency among its filter rules.

1. A filter for blocking the web service

client

3. A filter for blocking a specific MAC address

BIOS packets

Configuration

Before configuring a filter, you need to know the following information:

uld be as following:

t, TCP (06) protocol with port number 80

b. DNS packet, TCP (06) protocol with port number 53 or

number 53

address will be 0.0.0.0. Otherwise, you

have to enter an IP Address for the workstation you want to block. See the procedure

.1.2, Menu 21.1.3

ol with port number 80 l with port number 53

l with port number 53

3. Apply the filter set in menu 4

filter sets that were configu configuration into the new format, it wi inconsistencies. Please check the s into use.

In order to avoid operational problems later, t

Filter Examples

2. A filter for blocking a specific

4. A filter for blocking the Net

A filter for blocking the web service

1. The outbound packet type (protocol & port number)

2. The source IP address

Generally, the outbound packets for Web service co

a. HTTP packe

c. DNS packet, UDP (17) protocol with port

For all workstation on the LAN, the source IP

for configuring this filter below.

1. Create a filter set in Menu 21, e.g., set 1

2. Create three filter rules in Menu 21.1.1, Menu 21

• Rule 1- block the HTTP packet, TCP (06) protoc

• Rule 2- block the DNS packet, TCP (06) protoco

• Rule 3- block the DNS packet, UDP (17) protoco

65

P-660 series Support Notes

Create a filter set in Menu 21 1.

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration Filter Filter Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ---------------- - ------ ----------------- 1 Web Request 7 _______________ 2 _______________ 8 _______________ 3 _______________ 9 _______________ 4 _______________ 10 _______________ 5 _______________ 11 _______________ 6 _______________ 12 _______________ Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

2. Rule 1 for (a). http packet, TCP(06)/Port number 80

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 80 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3.Rule 2 for (b).DNS request, TCP(06)/Port number 53

66

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter#=1,2 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 53 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. Rule 3 for (c). DNS packet UDP(17)/Port number 53

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter#=1,3 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 53 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

67

P-660 series Support Notes

s are completed, you will see the rule summary in Menu 21.

5. After the three rule

Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- -------------------------------------- - - - 1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=80 N D N 2 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N 3 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0,DP=53 N D F

6. Apply the filter set to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set'

A filter for

Configuration

1. Create a filter set in M

in the remote node setup

blocking a specific client

enu 21, e.g., set 1

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ ----------------- 1 Block a client 7 _______________ 2 _______________ 8 _______________ 3 _______________ 9 _______________ 4 _______________ 10 _______________ 5 _______________ 11 _______________ 6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 0

Edit Comments=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

68

P-660 series Support Notes

2. One rule for blocking all packets from this client

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= Port # Comp= None Source: IP Addr= 192.168.1.5 IP Mask= 255.255.255.255 Port #= Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Forward

irm or ESC to Cancel: Press ENTER to Conf

Key Se

Source IP addr................Enter the client IP in this field

IP Mask..........................Here the IP mask is used to mask the bits of the IP address

given in tation it is 255.255.255.255.

Action Matched................Set to 'Drop' to drop all the packets from this client

Action Not Matched.........Set to '

3. Appl umber '1' to the 'Output Protocol Filter Set' field in the remote

A filter for blocking a specific MAC address

This co MAC a

Before you Begin

ttings:

the 'Source IP Addr=' field, for one works

Forward' to allow the packets from other clients

y the filter set n

node setup.

nfiguration example shows you how to use a Generic Filter to block a specific ddress of the LAN.

69

P-660 series Support Notes

Bef e ilter, you need to know the MAC address of the client first. The MA through the P-660 you can identify the uninteresting MAC address from the P-660's LAN packet trace. Please have a look at the following example to know the trace of the

or you configure the f

C address can be provided by the NICs. If there is the LAN packet passing

LAN packets.

ras> sys trcp channel enet0 bothway ras> sys trcp sw on

Now a c t on the LAN is trying to ping Prestige……… lien

ras> sys trcp sw off ras> sys trcp disp

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0 0000: 8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00 [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c 0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84 0020: 0 61 62 63 64 65 66 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 0 0030: f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6 0040: 8 69 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 6

TIME: 37c060 enet0-XMIT len:74 call=0 0000: 45 00 [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] 08 00 0010: 3 ca 84 00 3c 00 07 00 00 fe 01 f0 ef ca 84 9b 6 0020: 9b 5d 00 00 4d 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66 0030: 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 67 0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

The detailed format of the Ethernet Version II:

+ Ethernet Version II

- Address: 00-80-C8-4C-EA-63 (Source MAC) ----> 00-A0-C5-23-45 (Destination MAC)

- Ethernet II Protocol Type: IP + Internet Protocol

- Version (MSB 4 bits): 4

- Header length (LSB 4 bits): 5

- Serv Normal, Thrput=Normal, Reli=Normal ice type: Precd=Routine, Delay=

- Tota gth: 60 (Octets) l len

- Fragment ID: 60172

70

P-660 series Support Notes

- Flags: May be fragmented, Last fragment, Offset=0 (0x00)

- Time to live: 32 seconds/hops

- IP protocol type: ICMP (0x01)

- Checksum: 0xE3EA

- IP address 202.132.155.93 (Source IP address) ---->

202.132.155.99(Destination IP address)

- No option + Internet Control Message Protocol

- Type: 8 - Echo Request

- Code: 0

- Checksum: 0x455C

- Identifier: 768

- Sequence Number: 1280

- Optional Data: (32 bytes)

Configurations

From the a uter. And from the second trace, we know the Paccordingly ock the MAC a

1. First, fro address sta

bove first trace, we know a client is trying to ping request the P-660 ro

660 router will send a reply to the client

. The following sample filter will utilize the 'Generic Filter Rule' to bl

ddress [00 80 c8 4c ea 63].

m the incoming LAN packet we know the uninteresting source MAC

rts at the 7th Octet

TIME: 37c060 enet0-RECV len:74 call=0 0000: [00 a0 c5 01 23 45] [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] 08 00 45 00 0010: 00 3c eb 0c 00 00 20 01 e3 ea ca 84 9b 5d ca 84 0020: 9b 63 08 00 45 5c 03 00 05 00 61 62 63 64 65 66 0030: 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 0040: 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

2. We are now ready to configure the 'Generic Filter Rule' as below.

Men r Rule u 21.1.1 - Generic Filte

Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule Active= Yes Offset= 6 Length= 6 Mask= ffffffffffff Value= 0080c84cea63

71

P-660 series Support Notes

More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Forward

Key Settings:

• Generic Filter Ruls

Set the 'Filter Type' to 'Generic Filter Rule'

• Active

Set to '6' since the source MAC address starts at 7th octets we need to skip the

ress.

octets.

cally qualify (logical AND) the data

ctets the Mask for it should be 12 hexadecimal

t to 'ffffffffffff' to mask the incoming

4c ea 63].

that the P-660 should use to

t. If the result from the masked packet matches

atched.

acket matches the 'Value'. In this

case, we will drop it.

• Action Not Matched=

. In this case, we will forward it. If you want to configure more rules please select 'Check Next Rule' to start configuring the next new rule. However, please note

not others. Because

the Generic and TCPIP (IPX) filter rules must be in different filter sets.

Turn 'Active' to 'Yes'

• Offset (in bytes)

first octets of the destination MAC add

Length (in bytes)

Set to '6' since MAC address has 6

Mask (in hexadecimal)

Specify the value that the P-660 will logi in the packet. Since the Length is set to 6 o numbers. In this case, we intent to se source MAC address, [00 80 c8

• Value (in hexadecimal)

Specify the MAC address [00 80 c8 4c ea 63] compare with the masked packe the 'Value', then the packet is considered m

• Action Matched=

Enter the action you want if the masked p

Enter the action you want if the masked packet does not match the 'Value'

that the 'Filter Type' must be also 'Generic Filter Rule' but

72

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 21.1.2 - Generic Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2 Filter Type= Generic Filter Rule Active= Yes Offset= 6 Length= 6 Mask= ffffffffffff Value= 0080c810234a More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Forward

You can now apply it to the 'General Ethernet Setuthp' in Menu 3.1. Please note that

e 'Generic Filter' can only be applied to the 'Device Filter' but not the 'Protocol

Filter' that is used for configuring the TCPIP and IPX filters.

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters= 1 Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters=

A filter for blocking the NetBIOS packets

Introduction

The NETBIOS protocol is use the security concern, the NetBIOS conn router as factory defaults. Users can rem menu 4.1 for activating the NetBIOS ser described as follows.

d to share a Microsoft comupter of a workgroup. For

ection to a outside host is blocked by P-660

ove the filter sets applied to menu 3.1 and vices. The details of the filter settings are

Configuration

73

P-660 series Support Notes

packets need to be blocked are as follows. Please configure two filter sets with 4

and 2 rules respectively based on the following packets in SMT menu 21.

Filter Set 1:

Rule 1-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

)

Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

r 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

ith protocol number 17 (UDP)

37, Destination port number 53 with protocol

t number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol

ase enter a name for each filter set in the

The

Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP

Rule 5-Destination port numbe

Rule 6-Destination port number 139 w

Filter Set 2:

Rule 1-Source port number 1

number 6 (TCP)

Rule 2-Source por

number 17 (UDP)

Before starting to set the filter rules, ple 'Comments' field first.

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ---------------- - ------ ----------------- 1 NetBIOS_WAN 7 _______________ 2 NetBIOS_LAN 8 _______________ 3 _______________ 9 _______________ 4 _______________ 10 _______________ 5 _______________ 11 _______________ 6 _______________ 12 _______________ Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1 Edit Comments= Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Configure the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' by selecting the Filter Set number 1.

74

P-660 series Support Notes

number 137 with protocol number 6 (TCP) • Rule 1-Destination port

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

• Rule 2-Destination port number 137 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,2 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop

75

P-660 series Support Notes

Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 3-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

Menu 21.1.3 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,3 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 138 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 4-Destination port number 138 with protocol number 17 (UDP)

Menu 21.1.4 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 1,4 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule

76

P-660 series Support Notes

Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 138 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

• Rule 5-Destination port number 139 with protocol number 6 (TCP)

nu 21.1.5 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Me

Filter #: 1,5 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 139 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

77

P-660 series Support Notes

mber 139 with protocol number 17 (UDP) • Rule 6-Destination port nu

Menu 21.1.6 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter #: 1,6 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 139 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as below.

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- --------------------------------------------- - - - 1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N 2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 N D N 3 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N 4 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 N D N 5 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D N 6 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 N D F

Apply the first filter set 'NetBIOS_WAN' to the 'Output Protocol Filter' in the rem

Con numbe

ote node setup.

figure the second filter set 'NetBIOS_LAN' by selecting the Filter Set

r 2.

78

P-660 series Support Notes

ule 1-Source port number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol number 6 R

(TCP)

Menu 21.2.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter #: 2,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 53 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

1. Rule 2-Source port number 17 (UDP)

number 137, Destination port number 53 with protocol

Menu 21.2.2 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Filter #: 2,2 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destinatio .0.0 n: IP Addr= 0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 53 P l ort # Comp= Equa Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None

79

P-660 series Support Notes

Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Forward

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC t ncel: o Ca

2. After the first filter set is finished, you will get the complete rules summary as

below.

Menu 21.2 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- ---------------------------------------------- - - - 1 Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0 .0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D N 2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=53 N D F

Apply the filter set ' in the 'Input protocol filters=' in the 3. NetBIOS_LAN' Menu 3 for blocking the packets from LAN

Menu 3.1 - General Ethernet Setup

Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= 2 device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters=

7. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

eved.

with dynamic IPs.

• What is DDNS?

The DDNS service, an IP Registry provides a public central database where information such as email addresses, hostnames, IPs etc. can be stored and retri This solves the problems if your DNS server uses an IP associated

80

P-660 series Support Notes

., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your

server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server. The outside users can always access

.

When the ISP assigns the P-660 a new IP, the P-660 must inform the DDNS server

e of this IP so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS server is updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., w

The DDNS server stores password-protected email addresses with IPs and hostnames

ts queries based on email addresses. So, there must be an email entry in the

P-660 menu 1.

The DDNS servers the P-660 supports currently is WWW.DYNDNS.ORG where you apply the DNS from and update the WAN IP to.

• Set

1. Before configuring the DDNS settings in the P-660, you must register an

ccount from the DDNS server such as WWW.DYNDNS.ORG first. After the

registration, you have a hostname for your internal server and a password

2. 'Configure Dynamic DNS' option to 'Yes' and press ENTER for

configuring the settings of the DDNS in menu 1.1.

Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the P-660 to access the internal server. It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the P-660, you apply a DNS name (e.g

the web server using the www.zyxel.com.tw regardless of the WAN IP of the P-660

the chang

ww.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable.

and accep

up the DDNS

a

using to update the IP to the DDNS server. Toggle

Menu 1 - Genera l Setup

System Name= P-660 Location= t Person's Name= Contac Domain Name= amic DNS= Yes Edit Dy n

Route IP= Yes Bridge= No

81

P-660 series Support Notes

Menu 1.1 - Configure Dynamic DNS

Service Provider= WWW.DynDNS.ORG Active= Yes Host= [the local server's host name] EMAIL= [your email address] User= Password= ******** Enable Wildcard= No

Key Settings for using DDNS function:

Option Description Service Provider

Enter the DDNS server in this field. Currently, we support WWW.DYNDNS.ORG.

Active

Toggle to 'Yes'.

Host

Enter the hostname you subscribe from the above DDNS server. For example, zyxel.com.tw.

EMAIL

Enter the email address you give to the DDNS server.

User

Enter the user name that

Passwo

server gives to you.

rd

Enter the password that the DDNS

Ena le

at the

ailable

b

Enter the hostname for the wildcard function th

Wildcard

WWW.DYNDNS.ORG supports. Note that Wildcard option is av only when the provider is

http://www.dyndns.org/.

8. etwork Management Using SNN MP

ocol suite, it uses the UDP to exchange messages between a management

Client and an Agent, residing in a network node.

• SNMP Overview

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an applications-layer protocol used to exchange the management information between network devices (e.g., routers). By using SNMP, network administrators can more easily manage network performance, find and solve network problems. The SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP prot

82

P-660 series Support Notes

ost of the changes introduced in Version 2 increase SNMP's security

capabilities. SNMP encompasses three main areas:

1. A small set of management operations.

2.

3. Data representation.

The operations allowed are: Get, GetNext, Set, and Trap. These functions operates on vari e statistic counters, node port status, and so on. All of the SNMP management functions are carr these ca e, a counter set after th

SNMP variables are defined using the OSI Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). ASN.1 powerf text str its length and valu ecially for network manage anageable variab

The net of variab Management Information Bas , including the Standard MIB, specified as part of SNMP, and Enterprise Specific MIB, which are defined by

The current Internet-standard MIB, MIB-II, is defined in RFC 1213 and contains 171

ouped by protocol (including TCP, IP, UDP, SNMP, and

other categories, including 'system' and 'interface.'

NMS and managed devices can be any of four different types of commands:

Reads

d to monitor the managed devices, NMSs read variables that are

maintained by the devices.

Writes

Write is used to control the managed devices, NMSs write variables that are stored in the managed devices.

There are two versions of SNMP: Version 1 and Version 2. ZyXEL supports SNMPv1. M

Definitions of management variables.

ables that exist in network nodes. Examples of variables includ

ied out through these simple operations. No action operations are available, but

n be simulated by the setting of flag variables. For example, to reset a nod

variable named 'time to reset' could be set to a value, causing the node to re

e time had elapsed.

specifies how a variable is encoded in a transmitted data frame; it is very ul because the encoded data is self-defining. For example, the encoding of a ing includes an indication that the data unit is a string, along with

e. ASN.1 is a flexible way of defining protocols, esp

ment protocols where nodes may support different sets of m

les.

les that each node supports is called the

e (MIB). The MIB is made up of several parts

different manufacturer for hardware specific management.

objects. These objects are gr

The Internet Management Model is as shown in figure 1. Interactions between the

Read is use

83

P-660 series Support Notes

Travers

NMSs use these operations to determine which variables a managed device supports and to sequentially gather information from variable tables (such as IP routing table) in managed devices.

Traps

The managed devices to asynchronously report certain events to NMSs use trap.

al operations

• SNMPv1 Operations

SNM as below.

P itself is efined

Allows variable from the agent.

GetNex

s or list within

an agen

a simple request/response protocol. 4 SNMPv1 operations are d

• Get

the NMS to retrieve an object

•

Allow

t

the NMS to retrieve the next object variable from a table t. In SNMPv1, when a NMS wants to retrieve all elements of a table

84

P-660 series Support Notes

n etNext

operations.

• Set

Allows the NMS to set values for object variables within an agent.

Used by the agent to inform the NMS of some events.

The N s contains two part. The first part contains a version and a com u s the actual SNMP protocol data unit (PDU) specifying the operation to be performed (Get, Set, and so on) and the object values involved in the operation. The following figure shows the SNMPv1 message format.

from a agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a of G

• Trap

S MPv1 message

m nity name. The second part contain

The SNMP PDU contains the following fields:

• PDU

• Request ID Associates requests with responses.

• Error status Indicates an error and an error type.

type Specifies the type of PDU.

• Error index Associates the error with a particular object variable.

e-bindings Associates particular object with their value.

Further, users can also add ZyXEL's private MIB in the NMS to monitor and control additional system variables. The ZyXEL's private MIB tree is shown in figure 3. For

• Variabl

• ZyXEL SNMP Implementation

ZyXEL currently includes SNMP support in some P-660 routers. It is implemented based on the SNMPv1, so it will be able to communicate with SNMPv1 NMSs.

85

P-660 series Support Notes

an

munity and allows trap messages to be sent to only one NMS

manager.

Some traps are sent to the SNMP manager when anyone of the following events

fined in RFC-1215) :

If the machine coldstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

215) :

kDow

If any li ort

mber the interface group.

3. linkUp (defined in RFC-1215) :

If any link of IDSL or WAN is up, the trap will be sent with the port number .

port number is its interface index under the interface group.

get or set requirement with wrong community, this

.

the reason

essage "System reboot by user !" will be sent.

System has to reboot for some fatal errors. And traps with the message of the fatal

SNMPv1 operation, ZyXEL permits one community string so that the router c belong to only one com

happens:

1. coldStart (de

1. warmStart (defined in RFC-1

If the m

2. lin

achine warmstarts, the trap will be sent after booting.

n (defined in RFC-1215) :

nk of IDSL or WAN is down, the trap will be sent with the p

nu . The port number is its interface index under

The

4. authenticationFailure (defined in RFC-1215) :

When receiving any SNMP trap is sent to the manager

5. whyReboot (defined in ZYXEL-MIB) :

When the system is going to restart (warmstart), the trap will be sent with of restart before rebooting.

(i) For intentional reboot :

In some cases (download new files, CI command "sys reboot", ...), reboot is done intentionally. And traps with the m

(ii) For fatal error :

code will be sent.

86

P-660 series Support Notes

• Downloading ZyXEL's private MIB

• Configure the P-660 for SNMP

The SNMP related settings in The following steps describe a simple settings.

P-660 are configured in menu 22, SNMP Configuration.

setup procedure for configuring all SNMP

Menu 22 - SNMP Configuration

SNMP:

87

P-660 series Support Notes

Get Community= public Set Community= public Trusted Host= 192.168.1.33 Trap: Community= public Destination= 192.168.1.33

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

Option Descriptions

Get Community

Enter the correct Get Community. This Get Community must match the 'Get-' and 'GetNext' community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'.

Set Community

Enter the correct Set Community. This Set Community must ma 'Set-community requested from the NMS. The default is 'public'

tch the

.

Trusted Host

Enter the IP address of the NMS. The P-660 will only respond to messages coming from this IP address. If 0.0.0.0 is entered, the respond to all NMS managers.

SNMP

P-660 will

Trap Community

Enter the community name in each sent trap to the NMS. This Tra must match what the NMS is expecting. The default is 'public'.

p Community

Trap Destination

Enter the IP address of the NMS that you wish to send the traps entered, the P-660 will not send trap any NMS manager.

to. If 0.0.0.0 is

UNIX Setup

9. Using syslog

• P-660 Setup

•

• ZyXEL Syslog Message Format

P-660 Setup

Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - UNIX S nd Accounting yslog a

UNIX Syslog: Active= Yes Syslog IP Address= 192.168.1.33

88

P-660 series Support Notes

Log Facility= Local 1

Types: CDR= No Packet triggered= No Filter log= No PPP log= No

Configuration:

1. Active, use the space bar to turn on the syslog option.

2. Syslog IP Address, enter the IP address of the UNIX serv the syslog.

3. Log Facility, use the space bar to toggle between the 7 di

4. Ty

er that you wish to send

fferent local options.

pes, use the space bar to toggle the logs we are going to record.

-r, t acility to receive message from the network using an Internet domain socket with the syslog services. The default setting is not enabled.

/etc/syslog.conf by adding the following line at the end of the

/etc/syslog.conf file.

zyxel.log is the full path of the log file.

logs all data phone line activity if set to Yes.

UNIX Setup

1. Make sure that your syslog starts with -r argument.

his option will enable the f

2. Edit the file

local1.* /var/log/zyxel.log

Where /var/log/

3. Restart syslogd.

ZyXEL Syslog Message Format

CDR

Call Detail Record (CDR)

Packet triggered

The first 48 bytes o the UNIX syslog server

r octets and protocol type of the triggering packet is sent to

when this field is set to Yes.

Filter log

No filters ar filter Log

e logged when this field is set to No. Filters with the individual

field set to Yes are logged when this field is set to Yes.

PPP log

PPP events are logged when this field is set to Yes.

89

P-660 series Support Notes

es)

SYSLOG_CDR, SYSLOG_INFO, String );

String = board xx line xx channel xx, call xx, str

the ha e WAN ID in a board

AN

call

Outg

Incomi

C01 Incoming Call xxxx (means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call ID)

(means connected speed) xxxxx (means Remote Call

ID)

L02 Call Terminated

1. CDR log(call messag

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend(

board = line = th channel = channel ID within the W

rdware board ID

call = the call

reference number which starts from 1 and increments by 1 for each new

str = C01 C01

oing Call dev xx ch xx (dev:device No. ch:channel No.)

ng Call xxxxBps xxxxx (L2TP,xxxxx means Remote Call ID)

L02 Tunnel Connected(L2TP) C02 OutCall Connected xxxx

C02 CLID call refused

C02 Call Terminated

Example:

Feb 14 16:57:17 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C01 Incoming Call OK Feb 14 17:07:18 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 18, C02 Call Terminated

, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String );

x

Protocol: (1:IP 2:IPX 3:IPXHC 4:BPDU 5:ATALK 6:IPNG)

ata: We will send forty-eight Hex characters to the server

xample:

2. Packet triggered log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSend( SYSLOG_PKTTRI String = Packet trigger: Protocol=xx Data=xxxxxxxxx

D

E

Jul 19 11:28:39 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696 a6b6c6d6e6f7071727374 Jul 19 11:28:56 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1,

90

P-660 series Support Notes

Data=4500002c 8cd1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e0000000060022000 40000020405b4

3. Filter log

the 'Log' is enabled in the filter rule setting. The

message consists of the packet header and the log of the filter rules.

Format:

D

,

dpo: Destination port

Example:

This message is available when

sdcmdSyslogSend(SYSLOG_FILLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String ); String = IP[Src=xx.xx.xx.xx Dst=xx.xx.xx.xx prot spo=xxxx dpo=xxxx]S04>R01m IP[...] is the packet header and S04>R01mD means filter set 4 (S) and rule 1 (R) match (m) drop (D). Src: Source Address Dst: Destination Address prot: Protocol (TCP,UDP,ICMP) spo: Source port

Jul 19 14:44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=202.132.154.1 Dst=192.168.1.33 UDP spo=0035 dpo=05d4]}S03>R01mF Jul 19 14:44:13 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: IP[Src=192.168.1.33 Dst=202.132.154.1 ICMP]}S03>R01mF

4. PPP Log

Format:

sdcmdSyslogSen String = ppp:Proto Starting / ppp:Proto Opening / ppp:Proto Closing / ppp:Proto Shu o Proto = LCP / ATCP / BACP / BCP / CBCP / CCP / CHAP/ PAP / IPCP /IPXCP

d( SYSLOG_PPPLOG, SYSLOG_NOTICE, String );

td wn

Example:

Jul 19 11:43:25 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Starting Jul 19 11:43:29 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Starting Jul 19 11:43:34 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Starting Jul 19 11:43:38 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Starting

91

P-660 series Support Notes

Jul 19 11:43:43 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Opening Jul 19 11:43:51 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:CCP Opening Jul 19 11:43:55 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:BACP Opening Jul 19 11:44:00 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:LCP Closing Jul 19 11:44:05 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Communications Corp.: ppp:IPCP Closing Jul 19 11 mmunications Corp.: ppp:CCP Closing :44:09 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Co Jul 19 1 munications Corp.: ppp:BACP Closing 1:44:14 192.168.1.1 ZyXEL Com

10. Using IP Alias

• What is IP Alias ?

In a typical environment, a LAN router is required to connect two local networks P-660 can connect three local networks

. The

to the ISP or a remote node, we call this

function as 'IP Alias'. In this case, an internal router is not required. For example, the

network manager can divide the local network into three networks and connect them

to the Internet using P-660's single user account. See the figure below.

The P-660 supports three virtual LAN interfaces via i interface. The first network can be configured in men third networks that we call 'IP Alias 1' and 'IP Alias

3.2.1-IP Alias Setup.

There are three internal virtual LAN interfaces for the fro for

ts single physical Ethernet u 3.2 as usual. The second and

2' can be configured in menu

P-660 to route the packets

m/to the three networks correctly. They are enif0 for the major network, enif0:0 the IP alias 1 and enif0:1 for the IP alias 2. Therefore, three routes are created in

the P-660 as shown below when the three networks are configured. If the P-660's

n be any of the three networks. DHCP is also enabled, the IP pool for the clients ca

92

P-660 series Support Notes

ras> ip ro st Dest FF Len Interface Gateway Metric stat Timer Use

192.168.3.0 00 24 enif0:1 192.168.3.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.2.0 00 24 enif0:0 192.168.2.1 1 041b 0 0

192.168.1.0 00 24 enif0 192.168.1.1 1 041b 0 0 ras>

Two new protocol filter interfaces in menu 3.2.1 allow you to accept or deny LAN

through the P-660. The filter set in

menu 3.1 is used for main network configured in menu 3.2.

p

menu 3.2 by configuring the P-660's first LAN IP

packets from/to the IP alias 1 and IP alias 2 go

• IP Alias Setu

1. Edit the first network in address.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup DHCP= Server Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 6 Primary DNS Server= 168.95.1.1 Secondary DNS Server= 168.95.192.1 Remote DHCP Server= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= Both Version= RIP-1 Multicast= None IP Policies= Edit IP Alias= Yes

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

DHCP Setup

If the P-660's DHCP s three networks.

erver is enabled, the IP pool for the clients can be any of the

TCP/IP Setup

Enter the first LAN IP address for the P-660. Th enif0 interface.

is will create the first route in the

93

P-660 series Support Notes

Edit IP Alias

Toggle to 'Yes' to enter menu 3.2.1 for setting up the second and third networks.

2. Edit the second and third networks in menu 3.2.1 by configuring the P-660's second and third LAN IP addresses.

Menu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup

IP Alias 1= Yes IP Address= 192.168.2.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= None Version= RIP-1 Incoming protocol filters= Outgoing protocol filters= IP Alias 2= Yes IP Address= 192.168.3.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= None Version= RIP-1 Incoming protocol filters= Outgoing protocol filters=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Key Settings:

IP Alias 1

Toggle to 'Yes' an create the second route in

d enter the second LAN IP address for the P-660. This will

the enif0:0 interface.

IP Alias 2

Toggle to 'Ye the third ro

s' and enter the third LAN IP address for the P-660. This will create

ute in the enif0:1 interface.

uting

11. Using IP Policy Ro

• What is IP Policy Routing (IPPR)?

94

P-660 series Support Notes

raditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the router takes the

hortest path to forward a packet. IP Policy Routing (IPPR) provides a mechanism to

forwarding based on the

policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based routing is applied to

ior to the normal routing. Network

paths. For example, if

mote node connections, we can route the Web

y and route the FTP packets to the remote LAN

e figure below.

T s override the default routing behavior and alter the packet

incoming packets on a per interface basis, pr administrators can use IPPR to distribute traffic among multiple a network has both the Internet and re packets to the Internet using one polic using another policy. See th

Use IPPR to distribute traffic among multiple paths

tting the

f the

network to enable the backbone to prioritize traffic.

Cost Savings- IPPR allows organizations to distribute interactive traffic on hig a g low-path for batch traffic.

rs can use IPPR to distribute traffic among

multiple paths.

• How does the IPPR work?

policy defines the matching criteria and the action to take when a packet meets the

n all the criteria are met. The criteria include the

source address and port, IP protocol (ICMP, UDP, TCP,etc), destination address and

• Benefits

Source-Based Routing - Network administrators can use policy-based routing to direct traffic from different users through different connections.

Quality of Service (QoS)- Organizations can differentiate traffic by se precedence or TOS (Type of Service) values in the IP header at the periphery o

h-b ndwidth, high-cost path while usin

Load Sharing- Network administrato

A criteria. The action is taken only whe

95

P-660 series Support Notes

ort, TOS and precedence (fields in the IP header) and length. The inclusion of

tive and bulk traffic. Interactive

hile bulk traffic, e.g., file

ket to a different gateway (and

nce fields in the IP header.

y of ZyNOS in style and in

re divided into sets, where related policies are grouped

olicies before applying them to an interface or a remote

s. There are 12 policy sets with 6 policies in

• Setup the IP Policy Routing

p length criterion is to differentiate between interac applications, e.g., Telnet, tend to have short packets, w transfer, tends to have large packets.

The actions that can be taken include routing the pac hence the outgoing interface) and the TOS and precede IPPR follows the existing packet filtering facilit implementation. The policies a together. A use defines the p node, in the same fashion as the filter each set.

1. Create a routing policy set in menu 25

Menu 25 - IP Routing Policy Setup Policy Policy Set # Name Set # Name

------ ---------------- - ------ ----------------- 1 _______________ 7 _______________ 2 _______________ 8 _______________ 3 _______________ 9 _______________ 4 _______________ 10 _______________ 5 _______________ 11 _______________ 6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Policy Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Name= policy1

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

2. Edit a rule or more for this set in m enu 25.1.1. See an example below.

Menu 25.1.1 - IP Routing Policy

Policy Set Name= First Active= Yes

96

P-660 series Support Notes

Criteria: IP Protocol = 6 Type of Service= Don't Care Packet length= 0 Precedence = Don't Care Len Comp= N/A Source: addr start= 192.168.1.2 end= 192.168.1.20 port start= 0 end= N/A Destination: addr start= 0.0.0.0 end= N/A port start= 80 end= 80 Action= Matched Gateway addr = 192.168.1.254 Log= No Type of Service= No Change Precedence = No Change

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel

This policy exam the Web packets originated from the clients with IP addresses from 1

2.168

umm

ple forces

92.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.20 be routed to the remote LAN via the .1.254. gateway 19

4. A s ary for this set is shown in menu 25.1.

Men up u 25.1 - IP Routing Policy Set

# A Criteria/Action

- - ---------------------------------------------- --------------------------- 1 Y SA=192.168.1.2-192.168.1.20 DP=80-80 P=6 |GW=192.168.1.254 2 N ___________ ________________ ___________ _________________________ ___________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3 N ___ __________________________ _____ ________________________ ________________ ____ __________________________ ______ ___________________________ ___________ 4 N _______________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5 N _______________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6 N _______________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Enter Policy Rule Number (1-6) to Configure:

97

P-660 series Support Notes

4. There are two interfaces to apply the policy set, they are the LAN inte

3.2) and WAN interface (menu 11.3). It depends where the gateway speci policy rule is located. If the gateway you specified is located on apply the policy set in menu 3.2 (LAN interface). If the gateway you specifi located on the remote WAN site you apply the policy set in men interface).

rface (menu

fied in the

the local LAN you

ed is

u 11.3 (WAN

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

CDH P Setup DHCP= Server Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 32 Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 Remote DHCP Server= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= Both Version= RIP-1 Multicast= None IP Policies= 1 Edit IP Alias= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Options: Bridge Options: Rem IP Addr: Ethernet Addr Timeout(min)= N/A Rem Subnet Mask= 0.0.0.0 My WAN Addr= 0.0.0.0 NAT = None Address Mapping Set= N/A

98

P-660 series Support Notes

Metric= 2 Private= No RIP Direction= Both Version= RIP-2B Multicast= IGMP-v2 IP Policies= 1

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

e

rding to the pre-defined schedule. This feature is just like the

scheduler ina video recorder which records the program according to the specified

p), and

Down", "Enable

Dial-On-Demand", or "Disable Dial-On-Demand" on specified date and time.

• SMT Menu for Call Scheduling

. Edit the Schedule sets in menu 26:

12. Using Call Scheduling

• What is Call Scheduling ?

Call scheduling enables the mechanism for the P-660 to run the remote nod connection acco

time. Users can apply at most 4 schedule sets in Menu 11 (Remote Node Setu configure each schedule in Menu 26(Schedule Setup). The remote node configured with the schedule set could be "Forced On", "Forced

1

Prestige 660 Main Menu

Getting Started Advanced Management

1. General Setup 21. Filter Set Configuration

2. WAN Backup Setup 22. SNMP Configuration

3. LAN Setup 23. System Password

4. Internet Access Setup 24. System Maintenance

25. IP Routing Policy Setup Advanced Applications 26. Schedule Setup

11. Remote Node Setup

12. Static Routing Setup

99