Patient Satisfaction – The Equipment Makes the Difference
Tourniquet systems are medical devices which apply circumferential pressure to a limb in
order to temporarily occlude venous and arterial circulation to that particular extremity. This allows the tourniquet system to block the blood flow to a limb, thereby creating a bloodless field.
The surgical use of tourniquets has come a long way since its first appearance in the Roman
times 199 BCE – 500 CE. Today, surgeons rely on electric powered pneumatic tourniquets,
which allow for control of pressure. Tourniquets play an important part in many procedures that
require a bloodless field, such as trauma, sports medicine, and plastic surgeries.
Zimmer Ltd. produces pneumatic tourniquets driven by electricity, which pro vides a control
of pressure. A.T.S. Tourniquet Systems use ambient air so there is no need for nitrogen tanks
or wall hookups. Micro processor controls provide accuracy and speed, allowing the system
to react quickly to manual input changes or self-monitored conditions that require automatic
adjustments.
A.T.S. Tourniquet Systems are high-end technology products, which respond to the
following users and patient needs:
• Bloodless surgical field
• Accurate monitoring of tourniquet time
• High convenience for user and patient
With a special focus on these issues, Zimmer has incorporated practical elements of today’s
technology to develop the A.T.S. Automatic Tourniquet Systems. By allowing you to control
the tourniquet without diverting concentration from other important intraoperative matters,
Zimmer Automatic Tourniquet Systems take the pressure off you and put it right where it
belongs. Tourniquets are used by orthopaedic surgeons in Knee, Upper Extremity
(Elbow, Hand, Wrist) and Lower Extremity (Ankle, Foot) Arthroplasties.
Page 3
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
All A.T.S. Tourniquet Systems Offer
• Built-in proprietary safety features as recommended by
the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses
(AORN)
1
:
SELF-CHECK CALIBRATION automatically checks the
accuracy of the machine calibration each time the unit
is powered on
CUFF ALERT alerts user of cuff status when attempt is
made to set the machine to stand-by
CUFF LOCKOUT feature prompts the user to confirm the
deflation command during bilateral or IVRA procedure
in order to reduce complications due to sudden cuff
deflation of the second cuff
3
• Uses ambient air
• Visual and audible alarms when an unsafe condition is
detected
• Electronic and microprocessor regulated pressure
• Battery back-up incorporated to help ensure continuous
power
• Mounting brackets and footpads allowing for mounting
on I.V. pole or placement on table-top
• Positive locking connectors help prevent unintentional
detachment of air hoses
Page 4
4
Zimmer A.T.S.®750 Tourniquet System
Easy to Learn, Easy to Use
The A.T.S. 750 Tourniquet is a full-featured and automatic tourniquet system that issensitive to the cost issues that all health care professionals face today.
•Visualand audible alarmsactivated when an unsafe condition isdetected
•Self-checkcalibration each time the A.T.S.1200 System isswitched on
5
Page 6
6
Zimmer A.T.S.®3000 Tourniquet System
A Calculated Response for Optimal Pressure
The A.T.S. 3000 System leads the tourniquet industry in offering Limb Occlusion Pressure (LOP) technology that senses, calculates and reports the cuff pressure necessary to achieve completeblood occlusion in the operative limb. Through this technology, the A.T.S. 3000 System provides alower pressure, without compromising the bloodless field.
•Visualand audible alarmsactivated when an unsafe condition isdetected
•Self-checkcalibration each time the A.T.S.3000 System isswitched on
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
Page 7
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
The Zimmer A.T.S. Limb Occlusion Pressure (LOP) provides a means by which to automaticallycalculate and report the minimum cuff pressure necessary to achieve complete blood occlusion in the operative limb. This helps determine the optimal pressure for blood occlusion based on each patient’sphysiological characteristics at that specific point in time. This includes limb size and circumference, blood pressure, cuff design and fit, and tissue and vascular status.
Along with tourniquet time, tourniquet pressure is of considerable concern due to the potentialcomplications which may arise as a result. Lower tourniquet pressures are associated with a lower risk of nerve-related injuries and other complications
2
, as well as less perceived post-operative pain3. However, though minimizing the tourniquet pressure may minimize many com-plications, this minimum has a limit in that the tourniquet still must exert sufficient pressure in order to provide a bloodless field. This balance point is known as the Limb Occlusion Pressure.
Noordin et.al. describe Limb Occlusion Pressure as “the minimum pressure required, at a spe-cific time by a specific tourniquet cuff applied to a specific patient’s limb at a specific location, to stop the flow of arterial blood into the limb distal to the cuff”.
2
In order to create a patient’s LOP measurement, an A.T.S. 3000 LOP sensor is applied to the index finger or second toe of the patient‘s operative limb under non-sterile conditions prior to surgicalpreparation. In approximately 30 seconds, the A.T.S. 3000 will provide a Recommended Tourniquet Pressure (RTP) for the specific patient and conditions.4The RTP is based on the LOP reading but factors in a pressure margin in order to account for blood pressure fluctuationsduring the surgical procedure.
Several studies have shown that the use of LOP can significantly reduce mean tourniquet pres-sures without compromising the quality of the surgical field, especially when used with a wide contoured cuff.
4,5,6
Zimmer A.T.S.® LOP Technology
7
Page 8
8
Key Features
• Color Coding
For easysize identification
• Protection Sleeves
Speciallydesigned to complementZimmer cuffsand to protectthe patientfrom softtissue damage
• 90 Degree Ports
Help keep hosesclear ofthe surgicalsite
• Positive Locking Connectors
Help preventunintentionaldetachmentfrom regulator hoses
• High Quality Material
Latex-free and durable, manufactured to withstand proceduraldemand
• Single and Dual Port Options
Allcuffstylesare available in both single and dualportconfigurations, allowing for use with anyA.T.S.Tourniquetregulator. Single portcuffsfor use with the A.T.S.750 and A.T.S.1200 TourniquetSystems. Dualportcuffsfor use with A.T.S.3000 TourniquetSystem.
• Single and Dual Bladder Option
Offerscliniciansconvenientchoicesfor cuffstyle and sizing. Single bladder cuffsare available in allsizes. Dualbladder cuffsare available in selected sizesfor use with intravenousregionalanesthesia (IVRA/Bier Block) procedures.
Zimmer A.T.S.® Cuffs
Versatility and Flexibility for Both Surgeon and Patient
No two people are the same. Each patient is different, which makes each procedure unique. For this reason, Zimmer offers a wide range of cuffs to meet the needs of different patient physiolo-gies. Zimmer Cuffs are designed and manufactured to ensure convenience and comfort in anytourniquet application. With a wide variety of sizes, it is easy to meet even the most demanding procedural needs.
Cylindrical Cuffs
Comfortable Wearing – Time and Time Again
Zimmer non-sterile reusable cuffs are designed and manufactured to ensure convenience and comfort in any tourniquet application. With the expanded line of small adult cuffs, the clinician can feel secure that proceduraldemand will be met withoutsacrificing patient comfort.
Cylindrical Cuffs
No Cleaning, no Cross Contamination
Zimmer sterile disposable cuffs are designed and manufac tured to ensure performance while provi-ding single-use convenience. The disposable cufffamilyprovides high quality material without the hassle of cleaning or risk of crosscon tamination. A comprehensive offering providesmultiple options to help the clinician meet patient needs.
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
Reusable
Disposable
Page 9
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
Contour Cuffs
Each Patient is Different – Each Procedure Unique
A.T.S. Contour Cuffs are designed to fit most adultpatient for arm, thigh, lower leg and IVRA/Bier Block applications. Contour cuffsuse unique, patented pivoting straps with a contour design thatadjust to a wide range of limb shapes and sizes. The shape is optimized for conically shaped limbs.
Contour cuffs are wider than other cuffs. Wide contour cuffsocclude blood flow at lower pressure than narrow cuffs. Due to the conical shape, contoured cuffs match the conical shape of the limb and reduce limb occlusion pressure. Also, due to the higher contact area at the limb, contoured cuffs are lesslikely to shift towards the incision line.
Three contour cuff styles are available:
•Contour Thigh Cuff
•Contour Upper Limb Cuff
•Contour Lower Leg Cuff
9
Color Code
Cuff and Sleeves Measurements (centimeters) and Color Code
Color CodeCuff Size
inch
White 8 207–8.5in / 18–22cm
Black12 307.5–11.0in / 19–28cm
Red18 4510.5–16.5in / 27–42cm
Green24 6116.5–23.0in / 42–58cm
Blue30 7621.0–28.0in / 53–71cm
Brown34 8622.5–32.0in / 57–81cm
Ruby colored4210728.0–40.0in / 71–102cm
Cuff Size cmRecommended Limb
Occlusion Range
Page 10
10
Zimmer A.T.S.® Sleeves
Helps Reduce Wrinkling, Pinching and Shearing ofSoftTissue
To help protect patients from skin injury caused by tourniquet use, effective limb protection should be used. Zimmer offers specially designed disposable limb protection sleeve sizesmatched and color coded to Zimmer tourniquet cuffs.
These sleeves offer the following important advantages:
•Effectively reduce wrinkling, pinches, and shearing on the skin surface
•Sufficient sleeve length to fold back over the cuff for cuff protection and stability
•Reduces the chance of cuff migrating off the sleeve and contacting the skin directly
•Helps prevent bacterial contamination on tourniquet cuff
•Reduces the chance of folding or wrinkling of the limb protection material under the
cuff during cuff application as sleeve is under controlled tension even on the smallest limb in the cuff range
•Available for allZimmer tourniquet cuffs
•Color coded to match the accompanying cuff
The limb protection sleeves are made of elastic tubular bandage, a proven material wellestablished in limb compression applications. The tube diameter is specified for each sleeve size as required to give the optimum range of stretch for the matching cuff range.
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
Page 11
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
11
a) Mean Maximum Wrinkle Height
5.00
4.00
Effectiveness of Zimmer
Limb Protection Sleeves
Limb Protection Sleeves have been tested by Western Clinical
Engineering Ltd. (Western Clinical)
For safety, it is important to limit the sleeve compression, by
way of a carefully sized sleeve of known elasticity, to less
than 20mmHg (approximate venous pressure). Western Clinicals tested in over 180 compressions on thighs and upper
arms, the concept of a thin, two-layer elastic fabric sleeve. It
was found that light compression prevents the cuff from
gathering up the skin into a wrinkle or pinch, even at the cuff
overlap. This light compression approach is different from the
idea of padding in an attempt to dampen out wrinkles, as
seen in thick stockinet sleeves where multiple layers or thick
layers of padding material are built into the cuff.
7
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Bare Cast Pad 4 layer Zimmer
Mean Maximum Wrinkle Height (mm)
stockinet Disposable Cuff and
Protection Sleeve*
b) Mean Wrinkle Height Sum
150
100
50
Mean Wrinkle Height Sum (mm)
0
Bare Cast Pad 4 layer Zimmer
stockinet Disposable Cuff and
Protection Sleeve*
Comparison of maximum wrinkle or pinch height (a) and sum of all wrinkle
and pinch heights (b), n = 9 trials in each group on arms and thighs of 3 adult
subjects.
* No delectable wrinkles or pinches in any trial with Zimmer Disposable Cuff
and Protection Sleeve
a) Bare
b) Cast Pad
c) 4 layer stockinet
d) Zimmer Disposable Cuff
and Protection
Sleeve
Typical comparison (Zimmer 24|| disposable cuff and protective sleeve on a 20|| circumference thigh): (a) No limb protection, (b) 2 layers of cotton cast padding,
(c) 4 layer stockinet, and (d) Zimmer Disposable Cuff and Protective Sleeve. Green areas are within +/– 1mm of mean height, yellow to red indicates pinches
1mm to 2+mm above mean height, light to dark blue areas are 1mm to 2+mm below mean height.
Page 12
12
A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet System
Ordering Information
Tourniquet Machines
REF. NODescription
60-0750-101-00 A.T.S. 750 with hose and English manual
60-0750-301-00 A.T.S. 750 with hose and multilingual manual
60-0750-102-00 A.T.S. 750 with hose and A.T.S. Cylindrical cuffs (60-7600-001/007-00)
60-0750-103-00 A.T.S. 750 with hose and A.T.S. Cylindrical cuffs (60-7600-001/007-00), stand and basket
60-1200-101-00 A.T.S. 1200 with hoses and English manual
60-1200-301-00 A.T.S. 1200 with hoses and multilingual manual
60-1200-102-00
60-1200-103-00 A.T.S. 1200 with hoses and A.T.S. Cylindrical cuffs (60-7600-001/007-00), stand and basket
60-3000-101-00 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses and English manual
60-3000-102-00 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, English manual and cuffs (60-7500-001/007-00 )
60-3000-103-00 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, English manual, cuffs (60-7500-001/007-00), stand and basket
60-3000-301-02 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, French manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-03 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, German manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-05 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Italian manual and reference cards, Italian Power Cord
60-3000-301-07 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Swedish manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-11 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Spanish manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-12 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Dutch manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-13 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Danish manual and reference cards, Danish Power Cord
60-3000-301-14 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Portuguese manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-15 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Greek manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-24 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Finnish manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-25 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, Turkish manual and reference cards, Central EU Power Cord
60-3000-301-26 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, English manual and reference cards, UK Power Cord
60-3000-301-27 A.T.S. 3000 with hoses, English manual and reference cards, Australian Power Cord
A.T.S. 1200 with hoses and A.T.S. Cylindrical cuffs (60-7600-001/007-00)
in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Replacement Arthroplast y. The Journal of Ar throplasty. Vol. 12, No. 8.
4
Younger, A.S., Manzar y, M., Wing, K.J.& Stothers, K. (2011, March). Automated Cuff Occlusion Pressure Effect on Quality of
Operative Fields in Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study. Foot and Ankle International. Vol. 32, No. 3.
5
Younger, A.S., McEwen, J.A.& Inkpen, K. (2004). Wide Contoured Thigh Cuf fs and Automated Limb Occlusion Measurement
Allow Lower Tourniquet Pressures. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. Number 428, pp.286–93.
6
Reilly, C.W., McEwen, J.A., Leveille, L., Perdios, A.& Mulpuri, K. (2009). Minimizing Tourniquet Pressure in Pediatric anterior
Cruciate Ligament Reconstructive Surger y: A Blinded, Prospective Randomized Controlled Trail. J Pediatr Orthop 29(3),
pp. 275–80.
7
New Limb Protection Sleeves (2002, 2004). For Zimmer A.T.S.® Automatic Tourniquet Systems (White Paper).
Western Clinical Engineering Ltd. (Western Clinical): Paper on file, Zimmer Orthopaedic Surgical Products, Inc.
8
McEwen, J.A. (2012, June). What is Tourniquet ”Limb Occlusion Pressure” (LOP)?. www.tourniquets.org.
Retrieved from http://www.tourniquets.org/lop.php
Disclaimer
This documentation is intended exclusively for physicians and is not intended for laypersons.
Information on the products and procedures contained in this document is of a general nature and does not represent
and does not constitute medical advice or recommendations. Because this information does not purport to constitute
any diagnostic or therapeutic statement with regard to any individual medical case, each patient must be examined and
advised individually, and this document does not replace the need for such examination and/or advice in whole or in part.
Please refer to the package inserts for important product information, including, but not limited to, contraindications,
warnings, precautions, and adverse effects.
Contact your Zimmer representative or visit us at www.zimmer.com
Lit.No. 06.01734.012 – Ed. 2012-08 ZHUB
Copyright 2012 by Zimmer GmbH Printed in Switzerland Subject to change without notice
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