•6 Video DACs on-chip, for Composite or
Component (RGB or Y U/V) Analog Video
•Twin PAL/NTSC DENCs
•Low Power (<1.4W Typical)
•Low Component Count
•Unified SDRAM controller
2
S Digital Audio Input
•I
2
•I
S and S/PDIF Digital Audio outputs
•MPEG-2 Audio & Video decoders
•PowerPC 405
Memory manager and Virtual memory system
•Complete Linux-based Software Development Kit
(SDK)
•IDE interface
•Inputs for external MPEG-2 Transport Streams,
allowing support for external demodulators (e.g.
Cable TV, Satellite TV)
•Conditional Access (CA) DVB-descrambler
TM
CPU Core with 16k/16k cache,
Issue 1.0November 2002
Ordering Information
ZL10310/GAC 388 ball EPBGA
ZL10311/GAC 388 ball EPBGA
0
0
C to +700C
•Smart Card Interface
•Infrared & UART interface
•DVB-compatible Common Interface (CI) control
and bitstream interfaces
•Multi-stream multiplexing to support internal and
external demodulators
•External Modem support interface
TM
•Supports Macrovision
Copy Protection -
(ZL10311 only; available to Macrovision license
holders only)
•Dolby
Digital* Decoding - (ZL10311 only;
available to Dolby
Digital* license holders only -
*awaiting certification)
Bitstream
O/P
/Second
Smart Card
Bitstream
I/P
De-mod
/JTAG
ADC IN
/De-mod
AGC B
Flash
IDE
CI Control
Smart Card
CODEC/modem
I C
UART/IRDA
BIT I/O
Stereo Audio
2
ZL10310 / ZL10311 DTV-SOC
EXTIN
JTAG
ADCIN
AUX Bus
PowerPC 405
Sub System
2
Peripherals
Power Management
Cached
COFDM
DeModulator
& FEC
R
8k Boot
ROM
Multiplexing &
SDRAM
Controller
SDRAM 1
BUS
Bitstream
Control
De-
scrambler
SDRAM
Controller
SDRAM 0
BUS
(optional)
Audio
Decoder
System
DeMultiplex
Video
Decoder
Video Scaler
/ Blender
Comp
Video
Video
DENCs
/DACs
Y+U/V
RGB
I S
DAC
S/PDIF
Analog
Video
Figure 1 - Block Diagram of ZL10310 and ZL10311
1
ZL10310/ZL10311Data Sheet
Applications
•Low power, small footprint TV adaptors
•Integrated Digital Televisions (iDTV)
•Digital terrestrial set-top boxes
•DTT / DVD Combo
•DVB-T radio receivers
•Terrestrial / Satellite Combo
•Terrestrial / Cable Combo
•Terrestrial / IP (Internet Protocol) Combo
Description
Zarlink Semiconductor has responded to market demand by integrating its key DVB-T compliant COFDM
demodulation technology with Set Top Box functionality (MPEG-2 A/V decoder and system interfaces) together with
a high performance CPU to offer a “DVB-T On-a-Chip” solution.
The ZL10310 DVB-T On-a-Chip, can address a wide range of DVB-T consumer electronic products. At the entry
level it can be used to build ultra-compact Free-To-View Digital TV adaptors (such as for FreeView in the UK), yet
consumes less than 4W of power in full operational mode.
This level of compactness also considerably eases the integration of DVB-T receiver technology inside integrated
Digital TV sets (iDTV’s) where space considerations and thermal management are key design issues.
TM
The ZL10310 is based upon an industry standard PowerPC 405
Management sub-systems. This permits the device to be effectively deployed in compelling applications such as
interactive Digital TV which are able to exploit the superior processing performance offered by the PowerPC
processor core.
The PowerPC
provides an ideal platform for running robust open standard operating systems such as Linux which
can benefit system developers in a number of key areas:
RISC processor, which has Virtual and Memory
•Unified software development environment, from entry level basic channel zapper systems through to fully
interactive high performance Digital Set Top Boxes.
•Re-use of software code from multiple projects
•Exploit software code developed in the Linux community.
•Low cost-per-seat software development environment.
•Familiar software development environment.
•Royalty free.
Also available is the ZL10311 DVB-T On-a-Chip, which additionally offers Dolby
decoding, and Macrovision
TM
Copy Protection for applications requiring Dolby Audio and Pay TV services.
Digital1 multi-channel audio
1. The ZL10311 device is awaiting Dolby Certification
, the IBM Logo, PowerPC® and PowerPC405TM are trademarks of International Business Machines
Corporation.
Dolby
is a trademark of Dolby Laboratories. Supply of this implementation of Dolby Technology does not convey a
license or imply a right under any patent, or any other Industrial or Intellectual Property Right of Dolby Laboratories,
to use this implementation in any finished end-user or ready-to-use final product. It is hereby notified that a license
for such use is required from Dolby Laboratories
1
.
This device is protected by US patent numbers 4631603, 4577216 and 4819098 and other intellectual property
rights. Use of the Macrovision anticopy process in the device is licensed by Macrovision for non-commercial, home
and limited exhibition use only. Reverse engineering or disassembly is prohibited. A valid Macrovision license must
be in effect between the purchaser of the ZL10311 IC and Macrovision Corporation. Additional per-chip royalties
may be required and are payable by the purchaser to Macrovision.
1. The ZL10311 device is awaiting Dolby Certification
3Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
ZL10310/ZL10311Data Sheet
1.0 Device Overview
Zarlink Semiconductor has designed the ZL10310 and ZL10311 System On a Chip (SoC) devices specifically for
DVB-T applications. Integrating a high performance PowerPC 405
MPEG-2 audio and video decoding, OSD and a COFDM demodulator, the ZL10310 and ZL10311 deliver the
performance and functionality required for advanced Digital TV entertainment products. It enables the rapid design
and manufacture of cost-effective iDTV and Digital Audio Visual Home Entertainment Centers.
The enhanced ZL10311 also supports DVD playback with up to six Dolby
integrating the COFDM demodulator, the ZL10310 and ZL10311 enable the implementation of very small footprint
TV Adaptor modules.
2.0 Device Interfaces
The following peripheral interfaces are available to the user. Apart from possible level translation and connector
buffering, no external devices are required to support any of the interfaces.
•10-bit input that may be configured for an ADC input to the internal COFDM demodulator
•Additional input bus for additional MPEG-2 Transport Sources
•AGC (PWM) outputs for a terrestrial tuner
•Serial control port for a digital tuners
•Common interface control and bitstream interfaces for an external descrambler
•Normal PC (PCMCIA) memory module interface for local software updates
•Unified 64 Mbit SDRAM interface for all decoders and PowerPC 405
•Additional SDRAM interface for high end systems requiring increased memory bandwidth
•Static memory interface for Flash and external peripherals
•IDE/ATAPI interface for hard disk and DVD drives
•External DMA channel and interrupts
•Six analog video outputs give full flexibility on RGB, S-VHS, and composite signals (with and without OSD)
2
S input port from external Digital Stereo source
•I
•Three I
•Dolby
•Sony/Philips Digital InterFace (S/PDIF)
2
S ports to external audio DACs for main, surround, and centre channels
surround sound control signals
TM
processor with robust industry proven
Digital1 audio channels. In addition, by
TM
If not required in a particular system, any of the peripheral interfaces can be replaced by individual I/O bits from
internal general purpose registers. These can then be used for additional purpose, such as interfacing to switches
and displays.
•Full RS232 interface to an external modem or a 4 wire interface to a Codec
•IRDA interface or an additional asynchronous serial interface
•Synchronous serial interface for EEPROM, etc.
•Two Smart card Interfaces (one instead of a Common Interface)
2
•General purpose I
C interface
•General purpose timer for Infrared (IR) decoding
•General purpose individual bit I/Os
1. The ZL10311 device is awaiting Dolby Certification
4Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
Data SheetZL10310/ZL10311
InfraRed Sens or
Analog Video
Terrestrial
Tuner
Tuner Control
A
D
C
20.48MHz
ADCIN
AGC B
ADCCLK
COFDM
Clock
20.48MHz
Crystal
Oscillator
ZL10310
DTV-SOC
CLK
27IN
Error
Aux Bus
27MHz
VCXO
Aux
Bus
FLASH
Digital Audio
8MB
(I S)
Common
Interface
SDRAM1
Bus
2
Figure 2 - Block diagram of a typical ZL10310-based Free to Air TV Adaptor
Comp Video
RGB or Y U/V
D
A
Analog Audio
C
Serial
EEPROM
Bitstream o/ps
Bitstream i/ps
SDRAM
External
Peripherals
3.0 Typical Digital Television (DTV) Receiver
Figure 2 shows a typical Free to Air TV receiver block diagram employing a ZL10310 DTV-SoC device. In its
minimal configuration, the ZL10310 DTV-SoC device only requires a single 64 Mbit SDRAM, an audio DAC, and a
Flash ROM, which are in addition to a DVB-T tuner front end and a 10-bit analog to digital converter.
The Terrestrial Tuner section performs an independent down conversion of the received DVB-T signal from the
Antenna, to an IF frequency in the range of 30MHz to 57MHz, dependent on television system (typically 36.17MHz
Center Frequency, with ±4MHz span). The analogue IF is then converted to the digital domain, with a 10-bit ADC,
clocked at 20.48MHz and the resulting Digital output is centered on 15.69MHz. This Digital signal is applied to the
ZL10310 via the ADC_IN[9:0] input pins, in the form of a 10-bit parallel signal.
The ZL10310 converts the digitized IF from a Terrestrial TV Tuner into an MPEG-2 Transport Stream, which can be
optionally de-scrambled (if CA scrambling is used by the broadcaster), and de-multiplexed into separate Packetised
Elementary Streams (PES), which are routed to the MPEG Audio and Video decoders, and SI data to the PowerPC
TM
subsystem.
405
Decoded Video can then be mixed and optionally scaled with On-Screen Display (OSD) Graphics generated by the
DTV application software. The resultant combination of video and graphics are then routed to the PAL/NTSC Digital
ENCoders (DENCs) for display on the TV via the on-chip 10-bit video DACs.
2
Decoded Audio is output directly from the audio decoder sub-system to the I
InterFace) outputs.
S and S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital
5Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
ZL10310/ZL10311Data Sheet
4.0 Functional Blocks Overview
4.1 Boot ROM
Program execution on the Power PC normally starts from address 0xFFFFFFFC after the internal reset has gone
inactive. This would normally be an address in the external Flash ROM (enabled by BI_CS0), but, by forcing the
SGPIO2_3 pin low during reset, it is possible to boot from the Internal 8k Boot ROM. The ZL10310 and ZL10311
devices contain an 8k Boot ROM containing code, which is executed under the noted conditions above following a
complete system reset (i.e. when main power has been removed from the ZL10310 or ZL10311).
The code installed on the Boot ROM, allows the ZL10310/ZL10311 to undertake any of the following 4 functions
after a complete reset:
1. Enter ISP (in-system programmable) mode, in which the software in the internal Boot ROM will try booting from
2
an SPI or I
2. Try booting from an Atmel Serial Flash device (AT45xxxxx) first, if that fails then enter ISP mode.
3. Try booting from an asynchronous parallel flash device connected to the EBIU bus (CS0) first. If that fails, then
try booting from SPI or I
4. Enter debug/monitor mode in which a command prompt is available for debugging registers, downloading code,
etc.
4.2 Clock Generation Block
C EEPROM.
2
C EEPROM or Serial Flash.
The ZL10310/ZL10311 devices use two separate external clock sources to provide all the clocks required; a 27MHz
external Voltage Controlled crystal Oscillator (VCXO), and a 20.48MHz external Crystal Oscillator.
A standard 27MHz input to the systems PLL is supplied from an external VCXO. Outputs from this PLL are used to
clock the various internal MPEG decoders, the PowerPC
micro controller system, and the external SDRAM. The
frequency can be adjusted in the ppm range, using a voltage produced by the pulse width modulated frequency
error signal, available from GPIO port GP29.
The 27MHz input also drives a separate audio PLL that is dedicated to providing 256/512 times the audio sampling
rate for the audio decoder and external audio DAC.
The COFDM de-modulators have their own PLL driven from an internal 20.48MHz oscillator. An external crystal is
required for this oscillator.
6Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
Data SheetZL10310/ZL10311
4.3 Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (COFDM) Demodulator
The COFDM demodulator is used to demodulate a digitized COFDM modulated IF signal from the TV Tuner, and
ultimately convert the resulting MPEG-2 Transport Stream to the MPEG-2 demultiplexer.
The Digitized IF is converted to a complex Baseband signal centered on zero frequency. It also removes adjacent
channel interference prior to a Time-to-Frequency Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The resulting signals are then sent
to a digital re-timing block, symbol sync, carrier recovery, and timing recovery. An AGC signal, with a variable mark
space ratio, is provided to control the signal levels in the tuner sections of the receiver. Forward Error Correction
(FEC) is performed by Viterbi decoding of the convolutional coded data, followed by de-interleaving, Reed-Solomon
decoding, and energy dispersal de-randomising. The output is MPEG-2 Transport Stream packets, in byte format.
The COFDM demodulator is fully compliant with the ETSI 300 744 and Digital Television Group (DTG)
specifications. Key features are:
1
•FFT processor operates in 2k and 8k carrier mode.
•All hierarchical and non-hierarchical constellations.
•Automatic digital carrier recovery over a wide range of offsets without the need for AFC
•Automatic digital carrier recovery without the need for a VCXO
•Common phase error correction
•Channel correction using time and frequency filtering
•Automatic co - channel protection, frame sync, and fast channel re- acquisition
•Internal controller handles all tracking and acquisition
•Viterbi decoding with code rates of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 6/7, and 7/8
•Automatic synchronization and code rate detection
•Constraint length K = 7
•Trace back depth of 128
•De-interleaver followed by DVB Reed Solomon error correction
•De-randomizer and common interface formatting
4.4 MPEG Audio Decoder
The MPEG Audio Decoder produces dual channel outputs from MPEG -1 or MPEG -2 Transport Streams with a
maximum rate of 640 kbit/sec. It supports sampling rates of 32, 44.1, and 48 KHz, plus the half rate options. All
sampling rates, plus 512/256 Fs, are produced from an internal PLL. A version of the device is available which
produces six channels of audio output for holders of the Dolby
•Decodes MPEG-1 and dual channel MPEG-2 audio
•Performs MPEG-1 audio parsing and MPEG-2 Packetised Elementary Stream (PES) audio parsing, or
accepts audio elementary streams
•Supports 32kHz, 44.1 kHz, and 48 kHz sampling rates plus the half rate options
•All sampling rates, plus 512/256 Fs, derived from an internal PLL
•64 step audio attenuation with smooth step transitions
•SPDIF output meeting IEC1937 specifications
•Re-locatable ancillary data region
•Audio Clip Mode
•Dolby
1. For details on 8k carrier performance and use, please consult Zarlink Field Applications
2. The ZL10311 device is awaiting Dolby Certification
AC3 option
2
Digital2 License.
7Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
ZL10310/ZL10311Data Sheet
4.5 MPEG-2 Video Decoder
The MPEG-2 Video Decoder provides complete decoding and synchronized playback of MPEG-2 MP@ML (Main
Profile at Main Level) video streams. It supports the decoding of still pictures as well as moving video, with error
concealment when necessary. A command driven local controller minimizes the amount of application software
needed to control the decoding / channel change process.
The decoder accepts PES from the Transport De-multiplexer, with average rates of up to 15 Mbps. PES header
parsing supports the extraction of Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) values, which are then used by the audio/ video
synchronization hardware. PES or ES streams can be directly decoded from SDRAM in the Video Clip mode of
operation.
Feature summary:
•Packetised MPEG-2 MP @ ML video streams from the transport demultiplexer or from SDRAM
•MPEG-1 video (ES) streams from SDRAM
•Sustained bit rates from 1.5 Mbps to 15 Mbps.
•Local processor driven by commands from the application processor
•Sophisticated error concealment based on the use of stored motion vectors from the previous row
•Supports the decoding of still images
•Automatic or manual image re-sizing
•Conversion of MPEG-1, 24 Hz progressive scan, pictures to 60 Hz interlaced (3:2 pull-down)
4.6 PowerPC 405TM Processor
An integrated PowerPC 405TM processor core is provided for applications and control software, and this provides
approx. 150 Drhystone MIPS with a clock of 108 MHz.
It has instruction and data caches with lock down facilities such that defined areas can be used as general purpose
ram. The processor has its own internal bus to which is attached the caches, all the peripherals, and a DMA
controller. Code can thus be executed, using internal resources, whilst the MPEG decoders are using the SDRAM.
This processor bus is also connected to an auxiliary external bus, which is used for Flash code transfer during the
power on routine, and for Flash write operations. PCMCIA, and IDE data transfers also use this bus to provide data
and address signals, but their respective control signals have dedicated pins. A bridge to the internal multi-master
bus provides software access to the external SDRAM.
All internal and external memory is in a unified address space, and a DMA controller supports high speed data
transfers. Controllers are provided for two smart cards, an RS232 modem, a serial Codec, an I
synchronous serial port, and an IRDA interface. Individual bit I/O is also supported.
Key Features:
TM
•PowerPC 405
Processor Core running at 108 MHz
•Integrated instruction and data caches (16k/16k) with lock down
•Integrated set top box peripheral controllers
•Four channel DMA controller for peripheral and data transfers
•Dedicated internal processor bus with its own SDRAM controller and auxiliary bus
•Bridge to the decoder multi-master bus and shared SDRAM
•Real Time Counters
•Watch dog timer
•Interrupt Controller
2
C master, a
8Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
Data SheetZL10310/ZL10311
4.7 Transport Engine
The ZL10310/ZL10311 devices contain a dedicated hardware implementation of an MPEG/DVB transport stream
de-multiplexer, with the configuration of this hardware controlled by application software. Included in the hardware
are synchronization, Packet Identifier (PID) filtering, clock recovery, de-scrambling, and table section filtering. PID
filtered packets are stored in a local buffer, which can hold up to 10 packets before they are moved to the decoders
or to memory queues in SDRAM. The queues are used for the tables containing system information. Packets for
three destinations can be moved concurrently out of the buffer.
The hardware acts in conjunction with a Transport Assist Processor, and the resultant hardware/software
combination gives increased adaptability and extended processing capability. Further parsing and filtering is
possible, and interrupts can be generated to notify the processor when a given condition has been met. The
transport assist processor can then read and manipulate packets whilst they are still in the transport packet buffer.
It can then allow data to pass through to SDRAM or the decoders, or can record status information and optionally
interrupt the application.
Key Features:
•32 PID values can be used to filter the transport stream
•Flexible, hardware based, section filtering
•64, 4 byte, filter blocks.
•Filter blocks can be cascaded to provide deep filtering when necessary
•Captured data is transferred to one of thirty two queues in SDRAM
•Options to transfer complete transport packets with or without headers, or sections
•Adaptation fields can be delivered to a separate queue
•Hardware to extract PCR values with option for software filtering to remove long term jitter
•Comprehensive error detection hardware
•Integrated DVB descrambler
4.8 Video Display System
The Video Display System provides multi-layered video. This features the On-Screen Display (OSD) for menuing
and MHEG-5, the Decoded Video Presentation system, and a Video Blending capability to merge the OSD and
Video.
The On-Screen Display system is designed to meet or exceed the specifications of major European broadcasters.
The final image on the screen is constructed from five separate planes using a fixed display hierarchy. The screen
hierarchy consists of:
1. Cursor plane (Top)
2. Region-based graphics plane (typically used for EPG and System menus)
3. Video plane
4. Still image plane (typically used for MHEG-5)
5. Background plane
All planes, apart from the background plane, can be separately enabled. The graphics and image planes are region
based, and driven by means of bitmaps controlled by a link-list processor. They can operate independently, but
have nearly identical operational controls. The size of a bitmap region can vary between 4 pixels wide by 2 pixels
deep, and 1K pixels wide and 1K pixels deep. The color resolution of a pixel within a region can be defined by 2, 4,
8, or 16 bits. The 16-bit option is for direct colors; the other options use color look up tables.
The Video Presentation system is used to scale and process a decoded Video signal. Decoded Video is stored in
Field Stores contained in external SDRAM memory. Prior to display it can be automatically scaled from the original
resolution and aspect ratio up to PAL or NTSC full screen size. If the encoded image has a 16:9 aspect ratio, but
the display has a 4:3 aspect ratio, then any horizontal scaling factor necessary to fill the screen must be adjusted by
9Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
ZL10310/ZL10311Data Sheet
Pin A1
a further factor of 4/3. Alternatively, a factor of 3/4 can be applied vertically (letter box mode). Video is displayed at
the standard PAL or NTSC field rates. Synchronization signals for video presentation can be provided by either the
video decoder itself (master mode), or the decoder can slave to incoming signals.
The Video Blending System is used to blend the outputs from separate Digital Encoded Video (DENC) blocks for
the Video and OSD systems on-chip:
1. RGB – Red Green Blue
2. Y U/V
3. CVBS – Chroma Video Blanking and Sync
5.0 Physical Specification
The device is contained in a 388-ball Enhanced Plastic Ball-Grid Array (388 EPBGA) package:
•Body Size: 27mm x 27mm
•Ball Count: 388 (includes 36 Thermal Balls)
•Ball Pitch: 1.0mm
•Ball Matrix: 26 x 26 (partially populated with a 6 x 6 GND matrix in the centre)
•Ball Diameter 0.60mm
•Total Package Thickness 2.65mm
Package is viewed from the top side (i.e. through top of the package). Note ball A1 is non-chamfered corner.
This section explains the ZL10310 and ZL10311 device pin functions. The following tables are segmented by signal
functions. Many of the pins listed below have multiple functions, and in these cases there is information on how the
multiplexed function connects to the pin.
Many references are made to register settings throughout the Pin Descriptions. The details of the ZL10310 and
ZL10311 registers can be found in the Hardware Design Manual for the ZL103xx family of Integrated Digital
Television Processors (Publication DM5797), available to customers on request, subject to NDA.
6.1 Pin Types
IAn Input Type with no designator indicates that the signal must be produced by a device using 3.3V
outputs, and ESD protection is provided. There is no internal pull up, so unused inputs should be
tied high or low.
IOPin Type indicates that the pin can be programmed with control bits to be used as an input or an
output.
BPin Type indicates that the pin function can alternate between an input and output depending on the
use at that instant i.e. it is Bi-directional. Out characteristics are the same as an Out pin.
ODis an open drain Output.
O
5Vis a 5V tolerant Input or Output. An Input Type with a 5V designator indicates that the input tolerates
is a standard 3.3 V, 65 ohm, output, unless otherwise specified. DC drive is 8.2mA/5.4mA @ VH/VL
respectively. Maximum slew rate is 75mA/ns, unless otherwise specified.
5V signals. There is no internal pull up.
6.2 Front End Interfaces
Pin Name
ADCCLKR02ADCCLKOSampling Clock Output to External Tuner IF
AGC[0]L02Tuner AGC controlO 5VMaster AGC Control Output to External TV Tuner1
AGC[1]M03Tuner AGC control
GPP[0]L01Tuner_SCLO 5VExternal TV Tuner Control Bus - Clock Output1, 6
GPP[1]N04Tuner_SDAB 5VExternal TV Tuner Control Bus - Data
EXT_IN[0]K01ED1_MDO[7]
Pin
No.
Function
offset
(MSB)
Pin
Type
Analog to Digital Converter. Clock = 20.48MHz.
O 5VSecondary AGC Control Output to External TV
Tuner. Used to provide a differential AGC feed to
external TV Tuner, if required.
Input/Output.
IExternal Demodulator 1 Digital Input -
Data Bit 7 (MSB)
DescriptionNotes
1
1, 6
5, 7
DV2_IN_DATA[7]
(MSB)
RW_TDOODebug Interface - JTAG TDO (Data Out)3
IReserved7
11Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.
ZL10310/ZL10311Data Sheet
Pin Name
EXT_IN[1]K02ED1_MDO[6]I 5VExternal Demodulator 1 Digital Input - Data Bit 61, 5, 7
EXT_IN[2]J01ED1_MDO[5]IExternal Demodulator 1 Digital Input - Data Bit 55, 7
EXT_IN[3]L03ED1_MDO[4]IExternal Demodulator 1 Digital Input - Data Bit 45, 7
EXT_IN[4]J02ED1_MDO[3]IExternal Demodulator 1 Digital Input - Data Bit 35, 7