Page 1
L48N
L70N
L100N
Page 2
California
Proposition 65 Warning
California
Proposition 65 Warning
Diesel engine exhaust and some of its
constituents are known to the state of
California to cause cancer, birth
defects, and other reproductive harm.
Battery posts, terminals, and related
accessories contain lead and lead
compounds, chemicals known to the
state of California to cause cancer and
reproductive harm.
Wash hands after handling.
Page 3
INTRODUCTION
L-N Operation Manual
Welcome to the world of Yanmar Engines!
Yanmar has been the leader in industrial diesel
engines for over 90 years. We developed the
world’s first practical small-sized diesel engine in
1933. Our engineers are continuously developing
new technology to keep Yanmar on the leadingedge of the industry. The L-N Series engine is
only one example of the new technology we have
developed. We are committed to maintaining our
environment, and are proud of our history of
innovation, quality and respect for operator safety.
To help you enjoy your Yanmar L-N Series engine
for many years to come, please follow these
recommendations:
• Read and understand this Operation Manual
before you operate the machine to ensure that
you follow safe operating practices and
maintenance procedures.
• Keep this Operation Manual in a convenient
place for easy access.
• Constant efforts are made to improve the
quality and performance of Yanmar products, so
some details included in this Operation Manual
may differ slightly from your engine. If you have
any questions about these differences, please
contact your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor.
• The specifications and components (instrument
panel, fuel tank, etc.) described in this manual
may differ from ones installed on your machine.
Please refer to the manual provided by the
manufacturer of these components.
• If this Operation Manual is lost or damaged,
order a new one from your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor.
• Make sure this manual is transferred to
subsequent owners. This manual should be
considered a permanent part of the engine and
remain with it.
L-N Operation Manual
i
Page 4
INTRODUCTION
RECORD OF OWNERSHIP
Take a few moments to record the information you need when you contact Yanmar for service, parts or
literature.
Engine Model: _____________________________________________________________________
Engine Serial No.: __________________________________________________________________
Date Purchased: ___________________________________________________________________
Dealer:____________________________________________________________________________
Dealer Phone:______________________________________________________________________
ii
L-N Operation Manual
Page 5
CONTENTS
L-N Operation Manual
Introduction .............................................................................................. i
Record of Ownership........................................................................... ii
Table of Contents................................................................................... iii
Yanmar Warranties................................................................................ vii
Yanmar Limited Warranty.................................................................. vii
What is Covered by this Warranty?............................................. vii
How Long is the Warranty Period?.............................................. vii
What the Engine Owner Must Do: ............................................... vii
To Locate an Authorized Yanmar Industrial Engine
Dealer or Distributor: .................................................................. viii
What Yanmar Will Do: ................................................................ viii
What is Not Covered by this Warranty? ..................................... viii
Warranty Limitations:.................................................................... ix
Warranty Modifications:................................................................ ix
Questions: .................................................................................... ix
Retail Purchaser Registration....................................................... ix
TABLE OF
Page
Safety........................................................................................................ 1
Safety Statements ............................................................................... 1
Safety Precautions .............................................................................. 2
Before You Operate....................................................................... 2
During Operation and Maintenance............................................... 2
L-N Operation Manual
iii
Page 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Product Overview.................................................................................. 13
Yanmar L-N Series Engine Features and Applications..................... 13
Component Identification................................................................... 14
Location of Labels ............................................................................. 15
Function of Major Engine Components............................................. 16
Air Cooled Engine ............................................................................. 17
Controls - Recoil Starter.................................................................... 17
Recoil Starter............................................................................... 17
Decompression Lever ................................................................. 17
Indicators and Controls – Electric Starter.......................................... 17
Indicators..................................................................................... 18
Controls ....................................................................................... 18
Inlet Air Heater ............................................................................ 19
Engine Speed Controls ............................................................... 19
Before You Operate .............................................................................. 21
Diesel Fuel ........................................................................................ 24
Diesel Fuel Specifications ........................................................... 24
Filling the Fuel Tank .................................................................... 25
Engine Oil.......................................................................................... 27
Engine Oil Specifications............................................................. 27
Engine Oil Viscosity..................................................................... 28
Checking Engine Oil.................................................................... 28
Adding Engine Oil........................................................................ 28
Engine Oil Capacity (Typical) ...................................................... 29
Daily Checks ..................................................................................... 29
Visual Checks.............................................................................. 29
Check Diesel Fuel and Engine Oil............................................... 30
Check Engine Speed Control (First Time Only) .......................... 30
Check Indicators.......................................................................... 30
Engine Operation .................................................................................. 31
Starting the Engine............................................................................ 37
Recoil Start.................................................................................. 37
Electric Start ................................................................................ 39
Check the Engine During Operation.................................................. 41
Adjust Engine Speed......................................................................... 43
Shutting Down the Engine................................................................. 44
Preparing To Stop Engine ........................................................... 44
Set Engine Speed Control to STOP............................................ 44
Electric Start Models ................................................................... 45
After The Engine Stops ............................................................... 46
iv
L-N Operation Manual
Page 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Periodic Maintenance ........................................................................... 47
Precautions ....................................................................................... 57
The Importance of Periodic Maintenance.................................... 57
Performing Periodic Maintenance ............................................... 57
The Importance of Daily Checks ................................................. 57
Keep a Log of Engine Hours and Daily Checks .......................... 57
Yanmar Replacement Parts ........................................................ 57
Tools Required ............................................................................ 57
Ask Your Authorized Yanmar Industrial Engine
Dealer or Distributor For Help...................................................... 57
Tightening Fasteners................................................................... 58
Standard Torque Chart...................................................................... 58
Periodic Maintenance Schedule........................................................ 59
Periodic Maintenance Procedures .................................................... 61
Daily, Before Operation ............................................................... 61
Daily, After Operation .................................................................. 66
After Initial 50 Hours of Operation ............................................... 68
Every 50 Hours of Operation....................................................... 70
Every 200 Hours of Operation..................................................... 71
Every 400 Hours of Operation..................................................... 75
Every 1000 Hours of Operation................................................... 76
Every 1500 Hours of Operation................................................... 76
Every 2000 Hours of Operation................................................... 77
Troubleshooting.................................................................................... 79
Troubleshooting Chart....................................................................... 79
Troubleshooting Information.............................................................. 81
Long Term Storage ............................................................................... 83
Before You Place the Engine in Long Term Storage ........................ 83
Returning the Engine to Service........................................................ 85
Specifications........................................................................................ 87
General.............................................................................................. 87
Description of Model Number...................................................... 87
Engine Speed Specifications....................................................... 87
Engine General Specifications .................................................... 88
Principal Engine Specifications ......................................................... 89
Engine Specifications .................................................................. 89
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
vi
L-N Operation Manual
Page 9
YANMAR
WARRANTIES
L-N Operation Manual
YANMAR LIMITED WARRANTY
What is Covered by this Warranty?
Yanmar warrants to the original retail purchaser that a new Yanmar L-N Series Industrial Engine will be
free from defects in material and / or workmanship for the duration of the warranty period.
THIS WARRANTY IS PROVIDED IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
YANMAR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, except where such disclaimer is prohibited by law. IF SUCH
DISCLAIMER IS PROHIBITED BY LAW, THEN IMPLIED WARRANTIES SHALL BE LIMITED IN
DURATION TO THE LIFE OF THE EXPRESS WARRANTY.
How Long is the Warranty Period?
The Yanmar standard limited warranty period begins on the date of the delivery of the new Yanmar L-N
Series Industrial Engine to the first retail purchaser and extends for a period of twenty-four (24) months
or two-thousand (2000) engine operation hours, whichever occurs first.
What the Engine Owner Must Do:
If you believe your Yanmar engine has experienced a failure due to a defect in material and / or
workmanship, you must contact an authorized Yanmar industrial engine dealer or distributor within thirty
(30) days of discovering the failure. You must provide proof of ownership of the engine, proof of the date
of the engine purchase and delivery, and documentation of the Acceptable forms of proof of delivery date
include, but are not limited to: the original warranty registration or sales receipts or other documents
maintained in the ordinary course of business by Yanmar dealers and / or distributors, indicating the date
of delivery of the Yanmar product to the original retail purchaser. This information is necessary to
establish whether the Yanmar product is still within the warranty period. Thus, Yanmar strongly
recommends you register your engine as soon as possible after purchase in order to facilitate any future
warranty matters.
You are responsible for the transportation of the engine to and from the repair location as designated by
Yanmar.
L-N Operation Manual
vii
Page 10
YANMAR WARRANTIES
Yanmar Limited Warranty - Continued
To Locate an Authorized Yanmar Industrial Engine Dealer or Distributor:
You can locate your nearest authorized Yanmar industrial engine dealer or distributor by visiting the
Yanmar Corp., LTD. website at:
http://www.yanmar.co.jp
on “English Page.”)
• “Click” on “Network” in the web site heading to view the “Yanmar Worldwide Network.”
• Choose and “Click” on the desired product group.
• “Click” on the Icon closest to your region.
• “Click” on the desired country or Associate company to locate your nearest authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor.
• You may also contact Yanmar by clicking on “Inquiry” in the web site heading and typing in your
question or comment.
(The Japanese language page will be displayed.) For English language “click”
What Yanmar Will Do:
Yanmar warrants to the original retail purchaser of a new Yanmar engine that Yanmar will make such
repairs and / or replacements at Yanmar’s option, of any part(s) of the Yanmar product covered by this
Warranty found to be defective in material and/or workmanship. Such repairs and / or replacements will
be made at a location designated by Yanmar at no cost to the purchaser for parts or labor.
What is Not Covered by this Warranty?
This Warranty does not cover parts affected by or damaged by any reason other than defective materials
or workmanship including, but not limited to, accident, misuse, abuse, “Acts of God,” neglect, improper
installation, improper maintenance, improper storage, the use of unsuitable attachments or parts, the
use of contaminated fuels, the use of fuels, oils, lubricants, or fluids other than those recommended in
your Yanmar Operation Manual, unauthorized alterations or modifications, ordinary wear and tear, and
rust or corrosion. This Warranty does not cover the cost of parts and / or labor required to perform
normal / scheduled maintenance on your Yanmar engine. This Warranty does not cover consumable
parts such as, but not limited to, filters, belts, hoses, fuel injector nozzles, lubricants and cleaning fluids.
This Warranty does not cover the cost of shipping the product to or from the warranty repair facility.
viii
L-N Operation Manual
Page 11
YANMAR WARRANTIES
Yanmar Limited Warranty - Continued
Warranty Limitations:
The foregoing is Yanmar’s only obligation to you and your exclusive remedy for breach of
warranty. Failure to follow the requirements for submitting a claim under this Warranty may result in a
waiver of all claims for damages and other relief. In no event shall Yanmar or any authorized
industrial engine dealer or distributor be liable for incidental, special or consequential damages.
Such consequential damages may include, but not be limited to, loss of revenue, loan payments, cost of
rental of substitute equipment, insurance coverage, storage, lodging, transportation, fuel, mileage and
telephone costs. The limitations in this Warranty apply regardless of whether your claims are based on
breach of contract, tort (including negligence and strict liability) or any other theory. Any action arising
hereunder must be brought within one (1) year after the cause of action accrues or it shall be barred.
Some states and countries do not allow certain limitations on warranties or for breach of warranties. This
Warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from
state to state and country to country. Limitations set forth in this paragraph shall not apply to the
extent that they are prohibited by law.
Warranty Modifications:
Except as modified in writing and signed by the parties, this Warranty is and shall remain the complete
and exclusive agreement between the parties with respect to warranties, superseding all prior
agreements, written and oral, and all other communications between the parties relating to warranties.
No person or entity is authorized to give any other warranty or to assume any other obligation on
behalf of Yanmar, either orally or in writing.
Questions:
If you have any questions or concerns regarding this Warranty, please call or write to the nearest
authorized Yanmar industrial engine dealer or distributor or other authorized facility.
Retail Purchaser Registration
It is very important for the original retail purchaser to register the Yanmar product. Registration
enables Yanmar to provide the best support for your Yanmar product.
At the time of purchase, Yanmar highly recommends registering the retail purchaser’s information
through website http://www.yanmar.co.jp
If it is not possible to access the website, please contact the nearest authorized Yanmar industrial engine
dealer or distributor.
as soon as possible.
L-N Operation Manual
ix
Page 12
YANMAR WARRANTIES
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
x
L-N Operation Manual
Page 13
L-N Operation Manual
SAFETY
SAFETY STATEMENTS
Yanmar is concerned for your safety and your
machine’s condition. Safety statements are one
of the primary ways to call your attention to the
potential hazards associated with Yanmar L-N
Series engine operation. Follow the precautions
listed throughout the manual before operation,
during operation and during periodic
maintenance procedures for your safety, the
safety of others and to protect the performance of
your engine. Keep the labels from becoming dirty
or torn and replace them if they are lost or
damaged. Also, if you need to replace a part that
has a label attached to it, make sure you order
the new part and label at the same time.
This safety alert symbol appears with
most safety statements. It means
A
attention, become alert, your safety is
involved! Please read and abide by the
message that follows the safety alert
symbol.
A DANGER
Danger (the word “DANGER” is in white
letters with a red rectangle behind it) –
indicates an imminently hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury. Danger
is limited to the most extreme
situations.
0000001en
A WARNING
Warning (the word “WARNING” is in
black letters with an orange rectangle
behind it) – indicates a potentially
hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, could result in death or serious
injury.
0000001en
A CAUTION
Caution (the word “CAUTION” is in black
letters with a yellow rectangle behind it)
– indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may
result in minor or moderate injury.
0000001en
CAUTION
Caution without the safety alert symbol
indicates a potentially hazardous
situation that can cause damage to the
machine, personal property and / or the
environment or cause the machine to
operate improperly.
0000001en
L-N Operation Manual
1
Page 14
SAFETY
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Before You Operate
CAUTION
NEVER permit anyone to operate the
engine or driven machine without proper
training.
• Read and understand this Operation
Manual before you operate the
machine to ensure that you follow safe
operating practices and maintenance
procedures.
• Machine safety signs and labels are
additional reminders for safe operating
and maintenance techniques.
• See your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor for
additional training.
During Operation and Maintenance
A DANGER
EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Keep the area around the battery well
ventilated. While the engine is running
or the battery is charging, hydrogen
gas is produced which can be easily
ignited.
• Keep sparks, open flame and any other
form of ignition away.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000003en
A DANGER
0000002en
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• When you remove any fuel system
component to perform maintenance
(such as changing the fuel filter) place
an approved container under the
opening to catch the fuel.
• NEVER use a shop rag to catch the
fuel. Vapors from the rag are extremely
flammable and explosive.
• Wipe up any spills immediately.
• Wear eye protection. The fuel system
is under pressure and fuel could spray
out when you remove any fuel system
component.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000009en
2
L-N Operation Manual
Page 15
SAFETY
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Only use the key switch to start the
engine.
• NEVER jump start the engine. Sparks
caused by jumping the battery to the
starter terminals may cause a fire or
explosion.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000004en
A DANGER
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• NEVER remove the fuel cap with the
engine running.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000011en
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• NEVER use diesel fuel as a cleaning
agent.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000012en
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Only fill the fuel tank with diesel fuel.
Filling the fuel tank with gasoline may
result in a fire.
• NEVER refuel with the engine running.
• Wipe up all spills immediately.
• Keep sparks, open flames or any other
form of ignition (match, cigarette,
static electric source) away when
fueling / refueling.
• NEVER overfill the fuel tank.
• Fill the fuel tank and store fuel in a
well-ventilated area only.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000005en
L-N Operation Manual
3
Page 16
SAFETY
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Be sure to place the diesel fuel
container on the ground when
transferring the diesel fuel from the
pump to the container. Hold the hose
nozzle firmly against the side of the
container while filling it. This prevents
static electricity build-up which could
cause sparks and ignite fuel vapors.
• NEVER place diesel fuel or other
flammable material such as oil, hay or
dried grass close to the engine during
engine operation or shortly after shut
down.
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Before you operate the engine, check
for fuel leaks. Replace rubberized fuel
hoses every two years or every 2000
hours of engine operation, whichever
comes first, even if the engine has
been out of service. Rubberized fuel
lines tend to dry out and become
brittle after two years or 2000 hours of
engine operation, whichever comes
first.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000015en
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000014en
A DANGER
EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• NEVER check the remaining battery
charge by shorting out the terminals.
This will result in a spark and may
cause an explosion or fire. Use a
hydrometer to check the remaining
battery charge.
• If the electrolyte is frozen, slowly warm
the battery before you recharge it.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000007en
4
L-N Operation Manual
Page 17
SAFETY
A DANGER
CRUSH HAZARD!
• When you need to transport an engine
for repair, have a helper assist you to
attach it to a hoist and load it on a
truck.
• NEVER stand under a hoisted engine.
If the hoist mechanism fails, the
engine will fall on you, causing serious
injury or death.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000008en
A WARNING
SEVER HAZARD!
• Keep hands and other body parts
away from moving / rotating parts
such as the cooling fan / flywheel.
• Wear tight fitting clothing and keep
your hair short or tie it back while the
engine is running.
• Remove all jewelry before you operate
or service the machine.
• NEVER start the engine in gear.
Sudden movement of the engine
and / or machine could cause death or
serious personal injury.
• NEVER operate the engine without the
guards in place.
• Before you start the engine make sure
that all bystanders are clear of the
area.
• Keep children and pets away while the
engine is operating.
• Check before starting the engine that
any tools or shop rags used during
maintenance have been removed from
the area.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000002enLV
L-N Operation Manual
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Page 18
SAFETY
A WARNING
EXHAUST HAZARD!
• NEVER operate the engine in an
enclosed area such as a garage,
tunnel, underground room, manhole or
ship’s hold without proper ventilation.
• NEVER block windows, vents, or other
means of ventilation if the engine is
operating in an enclosed area. All
internal combustion engines create
carbon monoxide gas during
operation. Accumulation of this gas
within an enclosure could cause
illness or even death.
• Make sure that all connections are
tightened to specifications after repair
is made to the exhaust system.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000003en
A WARNING
EXPOSURE HAZARD!
• Wear personal protective equipment
such as gloves, work shoes, eye and
hearing protection as required by the
task at hand.
• NEVER wear jewelry, unbuttoned
cuffs, ties or loose fitting clothing
when you are working near
moving / rotating parts such as the
cooling fan, flywheel or PTO shaft.
• ALWAYS tie long hair back when you
are working near moving / rotating
parts such as a cooling fan, flywheel,
or PTO shaft.
• NEVER operate the engine while
wearing a headset to listen to music or
radio because it will be difficult to hear
the warning signals.
A WARNING
ALCOHOL AND DRUG HAZARD!
• NEVER operate the engine while you
under the influence of alcohol or
are
drugs.
• NEVER operate the engine when you
are feeling ill.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000004en
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000005en
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L-N Operation Manual
Page 19
SAFETY
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Batteries contain sulfuric acid. NEVER
allow battery fluid to come in contact
with clothing, skin or eyes. Severe
burns could result. ALWAYS wear
safety goggles and protective clothing
when servicing the battery. If contact
with the skin and / or eyes should
occur, flush with a large amount of
water and obtain prompt medical
treatment.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000007en
A WARNING
A WARNING
SHOCK HAZARD!
• Turn off the battery switch (if
equipped) or disconnect the negative
battery cable before servicing the
electrical system.
• Check the electrical harnesses for
cracks, abrasions, and damaged or
corroded connectors. ALWAYS keep
the connectors and terminals clean.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000009en
A WARNING
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
SEVER HAZARD!
• Stop the engine before you begin to
service it.
• NEVER leave the key in the key switch
when you are servicing the engine.
Someone may accidentally start the
engine and not realize you are
servicing it. This could result in a
serious injury.
• If you must service the engine while it
is operating, remove all jewelry, tie
long hair back, and keep your hands,
other body parts and clothing away
from moving / rotating parts.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000010en
L-N Operation Manual
7
Page 20
SAFETY
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• If you must drain the engine oil while it
is still hot, stay clear of the hot engine
oil to avoid being scalded. Make sure
you wear eye protection.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000011en
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
A CAUTION
FLYING OBJECT HAZARD!
• ALWAYS wear eye protection when
servicing the engine and when using
compressed air or high-pressure
water. Dust, flying debris, compressed
air, pressurized water or steam may
injure your eyes.
• Failure to comply may result in minor
or moderate injury.
0000003en
CAUTION
• Only use diesel fuels recommended by
Yanmar for the best engine
performance, to prevent engine
damage.
• Only use clean diesel fuel.
• NEVER remove inlet fuel screen from
the filler port. If removed, dirt and
debris could get into the fuel system
causing it to clog.
0000004enLV
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
CAUTION
NEVER attempt to adjust the low or high
idle speed limit screw. This may impair
the safety and performance of the
machine and shorten its life. If
adjustment is ever required, contact
your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor.
0000045en
8
L-N Operation Manual
Page 21
SAFETY
CAUTION
If any problem is noted during the visual
check, the necessary corrective action
should be taken before you operate the
engine.
0000021en
CAUTION
NEVER hold the key in the START
position for longer than 15 seconds or
the starter motor will overheat.
0000007en
CAUTION
The illustrations and descriptions of
optional equipment in this manual, such
as the operator’s console, are for a
typical engine installation. Refer to the
documentation supplied by the optional
equipment manufacturer for specific
operation and maintenance instructions.
0000018en
CAUTION
If any indicator illuminates during
engine operation stop the engine
immediately. Determine the cause and
repair the problem before you continue
to operate the engine.
0000029en
CAUTION
Observe the following environmental
operating conditions to maintain engine
performance and avoid premature
engine wear:
• Avoid operating in extremely dusty
conditions.
• Avoid operating in the presence of
chemical gases or fumes.
• Avoid operating in a corrosive
atmosphere such as salt water spray.
• NEVER install the engine in a
floodplain unless proper precautions
are taken to avoid being subject to a
flood.
• NEVER expose the engine to the rain.
0000003en
CAUTION
NEVER allow the recoil handle to snap
back against the engine. Return the
handle to the starting position gently to
prevent damage to the starter.
0000066en
L-N Operation Manual
9
Page 22
SAFETY
CAUTION
Observe the following environmental
operating conditions to maintain engine
performance and avoid premature
engine wear:
• NEVER run the engine if the ambient
temperature is above +40°C or below 10°C
If the ambient temperature exceeds
+40°C the engine may overheat and
cause the engine oil to break down.
If the ambient temperature falls
below -10°C rubber components
such as gaskets and seals will
harden causing premature engine
wear and damage.
Contact your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or
distributor if the engine will be
operated in either temperature
extreme.
• Contact your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor
if you need to operate the engine at
high altitudes. At high altitudes the
engine will lose power, run rough, and
produce exhaust gases that exceed
the design specifications.
0000065enLN
CAUTION
• Only use the engine oil specified.
Other engine oils may affect warranty
coverage, cause internal engine
components to seize, or shorten
engine life.
• Prevent dirt and debris from
contaminating the engine oil. Carefully
clean the oil cap / dipstick and the
surrounding area before you remove
the cap.
• NEVER mix different types of engine
oil. This may adversely affect the
lubricating properties of the engine oil.
• NEVER overfill. Overfilling may result
in white exhaust smoke, engine
overspeed or internal damage.
0000005en
CAUTION
• NEVER overfill the engine with engine
oil.
• ALWAYS keep the oil level between the
upper and lower lines on the oil
cap / dipstick.
0000015en
CAUTION
For maximum engine life, Yanmar
recommends that when shutting the
engine down, you allow the engine to
idle, without load, for 5 minutes. This
will allow the engine components that
operate at high temperatures, such as
exhaust system, to cool slightly before
the engine itself is shut down.
0000008en
10
CAUTION
NEVER use an engine starting aid such
as ether. Engine damage will result.
0000009en
L-N Operation Manual
Page 23
SAFETY
CAUTION
Make sure the engine is installed on a
level surface. If a continuously running
engine is installed at an angle greater
than 20° (in any direction) or if an engine
runs for short periods of time (less than
3 minutes) at an angle greater than 25°
in any direction, engine oil may enter the
combustion chamber causing exessive
engine speed and generate white smoke
and also may occur unsatisfactory oil
pressure. These may cause serious
engine damage.
0000010enTNE
CAUTION
New Engine Break In:
• On the initial engine start-up, allow the
engine to idle for approximately 15
minutes while you check for proper
engine oil pressure, diesel fuel leaks,
engine oil leaks, and for proper
operation of the indicators and / or
gauges.
• During the first hour of operation, vary
the engine speed and the load on the
engine. Short periods of maximum
engine speed and load are desirable.
Avoid prolonged operation at
minimum or maximum engine speeds
and loads for the next 100 hours.
• During the break-in period, carefully
observe the engine oil pressure and
engine temperature.
• During the break-in period, check the
engine oil levels frequently.
0000011en
CAUTION
• NEVER attempt to modify the engine’s
design or safety features such as
defeating the engine speed limit
control or the fuel injection quantity
control.
• Failure to comply may impair the
engine’s safety and performance
characteristics and shorten the
engine’s life. Any alterations to this
engine may affect the warranty
coverage of your engine. See Yanmar
Limited Warranty on page 1.
0000044enLVOM
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
CAUTION
NEVER engage the starter motor while
the engine is running. This may damage
the starter motor pinion and / or ring
gear.
0000012en
L-N Operation Manual
CAUTION
Protect the air cleaner, and electric
components from damage when you
use steam or use high-pressure water to
clean the engine.
0000014en
11
Page 24
SAFETY
CAUTION
The tightening torque in the Standard
Torque C hart (page 12) should be
carefully observed.
• Apply 60% torque to bolts that are not
listed.
• Apply 80% torque when tightened to
aluminum alloy.
0000023enLVOM
CAUTION
Establish a periodic maintenance plan
according to the engine application and
make sure you perform the required
periodic maintenance at intervals
indicated. Failure to follow these
guidelines will impair the engine’s safety
and performance characteristics,
shorten the engine’s life and may affect
the warranty coverage on your engine.
See Yanmar Limited Warranty on page 1.
Consult your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor for
assistance when checking items marked
with a
.
0000024enLVOM
CAUTION
• When the engine is operated in dusty
conditions, clean the air cleaner
element more frequently.
• NEVER operate the engine with the air
cleaner or element(s) removed. This
may cause foreign material to enter the
engine and damage it.
0000026en
CAUTION
Tips while starting engine with recoil
starter (See Start The Engine on
page 11.):
• Pulling out the recoil starter handle
too hard or fast will damage the
equipment.
• ALWAYS pull recoil starter handle all
the way out or the engine will not start.
• NEVER allow the recoil starter handle
to snap back against the engine.
Return the handle to the starting
position gently to prevent damage to
the recoil starter.
0000068enLVOM
CAUTION
It is important to perform daily checks.
See Daily Checks on page 9.
Periodic maintenance prevents
unexpected downtime, reduces the
number of accidents due to poor
machine performance and helps extend
the life of the engine.
0000060enLVOM
CAUTION
If the engine continues to run after you
position the engine speed control to the
STOP position, turn the fuel cock to the
CLOSED position.
0000069en
12
L-N Operation Manual
Page 25
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
L-N Operation Manual
YANMAR L-N SERIES ENGINE FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS
To achieve the highest performing miniaturized
and light-weight diesel engines, Yanmar Co., Ltd.
developed the L-N series single cylinder, aircooled, diesel engine using the most advanced
single cylinder technologies.
Especially, the fuel injection pump / line / nozzle
direct-injection system has been optimized to
reduce emissions.
Yanmar L-N Series engines are designed to
supply power to a wide variety of driven machines
including:
• Pumps
• Power Generation
• Construction
•Agriculture
We are sure that you will agree these features
provide excellent value in an industrial diesel
engine.
These engines are designed to deliver power to
driven machines by means of a “direct coupled
drive” or “belt drive.” In direct coupled drive
engine applications, the engine’s flywheel
housing or end plate is coupled directly to the
driven machine. In belt drive engine applications,
a belt drive is used to power the driven machine.
The engine is designed for a wide range of
applications. Options are available to customize
the application.
Since designing the application and installing the
engine require special knowledge and skill,
always consult your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor for these services.
They will help you:
• Select optional equipment. Optional equipment
should be selected to match the work
conditions and environment.
• Maximize engine performance with a minimum
amount of downtime and safety related
incidents by carefully matching the
characteristics of the engine with the driven
machine.
L-N Operation Manual
• Plan for safe fuel piping, exhaust piping,
electrical wiring, ventilation and accurate
engine installation.
• Design your applications so they meet
requirements of the local authorities.
13
Page 26
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION
Figure 1 shows where major engine components are located.
(1)
(11)
(3)
(10)
(4)
(9)
(2)
(8)
(7)
1. Fuel Drain Plug
2. Decompression Lever
3. Air Cleaner
4. Recoil Starter Handle
5. Recoil Starter
6. Oil Cap / Dipstick
7. Oil Drain Plug
(6)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Figure 1
(12)
(13)
0001126A
8. Engine Speed Control Lever
9. Fuel Injection Pump
10. Fuel Cock
11. Fuel Tank
12. PTO Shaft
13. Oil Filter
Note: L48N standard engines are not equipped with covers. L70N and L100N engines are represented
in this manual.
14
L-N Operation Manual
Page 27
LOCATION OF LABELS
Figure 2 shows the location of regulatory and
safety labels on Yanmar L-N Series engines.
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
(1)
Typical location of the engine nameplate is shown
(Figure 2, (1)).
0001126C-01
Figure 2
Engine Nameplate (Typical)
0001585-02
L-N Operation Manual
15
Page 28
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
FUNCTION OF MAJOR ENGINE COMPONENTS
Components Functions
Air Cleaner The air cleaner prevents airborne contaminants from entering the
engine. Periodic replacement of the air cleaner filter element is
necessary. See the Periodic Maintenance Schedule on page 59 for
the replacement frequency.
Dynamo (Optional) If the engine is equipped with the electric starting option, a dynamo
is located between engine body and flywheel. The dynamo supplies
electricity to the engine systems and charges the battery while the
engine is running.
Electric Fuel Pump (Optional) The electric fuel pump (if equipped) makes sure there is a constant
supply of diesel fuel to the fuel injection pump. The electric fuel
pump is electro-magnetic and runs on 12 VDC.
Engine Oil Filter The engine oil filter removes contaminants and sediments from the
engine oil. Periodic cleaning of the oil filter is necessary. See the
Periodic Maintenance Schedule on page 59 for the frequency of
cleaning.
Fuel Filters Two fuel filters are provided to remove contaminants and
sediments from the diesel fuel. The inlet fuel screen is located
inside the fuel tank filler port. Since it uses a mesh construction, it
can be cleaned. The outlet fuel filter is a replaceable cartridge that
is located at the outlet of the fuel tank. Periodic cleaning /
replacement is required. See Periodic Maintenance Schedule on
page 59.
Fuel Tank The fuel tank is a reservoir that holds diesel fuel. When fuel leaves
the fuel tank it goes to the fuel injection pump. Since fuel is used to
keep fuel system components cool and lubricated, more fuel than is
necessary for combustion enters the fuel system. Any fuel that is
not used for combustion is returned to the fuel tank. The fuel tank is
a required engine component.
Oil Cap / Dipstick (Engine Oil) The engine oil cap / dipstick combines the oil cap and dipstick in
one assembly. The dipstick part of the assembly is used to
determine the amount of engine oil in the crankcase.
Side Filler Ports
(Engine Oil)
You can fill the crankcase with engine oil from either side of the
engine depending upon which one is most convenient.
Starter Motor (Optional) If the engine is equipped with the electric starting option, the starter
motor is powered by the battery. When you turn the key switch in
the operator’s console to the START position, the starter motor
engages with the ring gear installed on the flywheel and starts the
flywheel in motion.
16
L-N Operation Manual
Page 29
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
AIR COOLED ENGINE
The L-N engine is air-cooled by means of a
cooling fan. The cooling system consists of a fan
attached to the flywheel.
CONTROLS - RECOIL STARTER
The L-N Series engines are equipped with a
recoil or electric starter. This section explains the
controls available with the recoil starter.
Recoil Starter
A recoil starter allows you to manually start an
engine by pulling on the recoil starter handle
(Figure 3, (1)). When you pull on the handle you
set the flywheel and crankshaft in motion. The
recoil starter is spring loaded so the handle and
attached cable automatically return to the recoil
starter assembly.
Decompression Lever
The decompression lever (Figure 4, (1)) helps
you start the engine by reducing the effort
needed to pull the recoil starter handle. The
decompression lever will automatically return to
the original position when the engine starts.
Some L-N model engines have an automatic,
internal compression release mechanism and do
not have the external compression release lever.
Refer to the specific instructions for your driven
machine.
(1)
Figure 3
(1)
0001126B
0001347A
Figure 4
INDICATORS AND CONTROLS
– ELECTRIC STARTER
If an L-N series engine is ordered with an electric
starter it will include a key switch and may also
have indicators to monitor engine functions.
CAUTION
The illustrations and descriptions of
optional equipment in this manual, such
as the operator’s console, are for a
typical engine installation. Refer to the
documentation supplied by the optional
equipment manufacturer for specific
operation and maintenance instructions.
0000018en
L-N Operation Manual
17
Page 30
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Indicators
Battery - (Figure 5, (1)) - Your driven machine
may have a battery indicator that comes on if
there is a problem in the charging system. This
indicator does not indicate whether the battery is
discharged. See Troubleshooting Chart on
page 79.
Heat - If your engine has an inlet air heater, it may
have a heat indicator that lights when the inlet air
heater is activated. Follow the instructions
provided by the driven machine manufacturer for
the operation of this indicator.
Controls
Key Switch
If your engine is equipped with electric start it
may have a three position key switch - OFF, ON,
and START. See Figure 5 for an illustration of a
typical key switch.
(1)
OFF
ON
(2)
STA RT
(3)
(4)
0001549A
Figure 5
OFF (key straight up and down) (Figure 5, (2)) When you turn the key to this position the engine
shuts down. Electric current to the battery
indicator and other electric devices is shut off.
You can insert and remove the key in this
position.
CAUTION
For maximum engine life, Yanmar
recommends that when shutting the
engine down, you allow the engine to
idle, without load, for 5 minutes. This
will allow the engine components that
operate at high temperatures, such as
exhaust system, to cool slightly before
the engine itself is shut down.
0000008en
ON (Figure 5, (3)) - This is the position the key
will be in when the engine is running. When the
engine is not running, use this position to
energize the optional devices such as indicators
or electric fuel pump.
CAUTION
Only hold the key in the START position
for 15 seconds or the starter motor will
overheat.
0000020en
START (Figure 5, (4)) - Turn the key to this
position to start the engine. As soon as the
engine starts, release the key and it will
automatically return to the ON position. Some key
switches may be equipped with a feature that
prevents you from turning the key to the START
position while the engine is running. In these
configurations, you cannot turn the key to the
START position without first returning the key to
the OFF position.
18
L-N Operation Manual
Page 31
Inlet Air Heater
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Some engines may be equipped with an inlet air
heater. Heated inlet air helps the engine to start
easier in cold weather. During the engine starting
sequence the inlet air heater is activated for
several seconds. If the engine is equipped with an
air inlet heater timer, after the heat indicator goes
out, the engine can be started.
Engine Speed Controls
CAUTION
NEVER attempt to adjust the low or high
idle speed limit screw. This may impair
the safety and performance of the
machine and shorten its life. If
adjustment is ever required, contact
your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor.
0000045en
Several types of engine speed controls are
used in L-N engine applications. This
illustration shows a typical example. Refer to
the operating instructions for the driven
machine.
(1)
(2)
(3)
0001346A
Figure 6
The speed control lever (Figure 6, (1)) controls
the engine speed. The lever could be linked to the
engine speed control device.
The low idle speed limit screw (Figure 6, (2)) sets
engine speed while it is idling.
The high idle speed limit screw (Figure 6, (3))
restricts the maximum engine speed when the
engine is operated without a load.
L-N Operation Manual
19
Page 32
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
20
L-N Operation Manual
Page 33
BEFORE YOU
OPERATE
L-N Operation Manual
This section of the Operation Manual describes
the diesel fuel and engine oil specifications and
how to replenish them. It also describes the daily
engine checkout.
CAUTION
NEVER permit anyone to operate the
engine or driven machine without proper
training.
• Read and understand this Operation
Manual before you operate the
machine to ensure that you follow safe
operating practices and maintenance
procedures.
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Only fill the fuel tank with diesel fuel.
Filling the fuel tank with gasoline may
result in a fire.
• NEVER refuel with the engine running.
• Wipe up all spills immediately.
• Keep sparks, open flames or any other
form of ignition (match, cigarette,
static electric source) away when
fueling / refueling.
• Machine safety signs and labels are
additional reminders for safe operating
and maintenance techniques.
• See your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor for
additional training.
0000002en
• NEVER overfill the fuel tank.
• Fill the fuel tank and store fuel in a
well-ventilated area only.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000005en
L-N Operation Manual
21
Page 34
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Be sure to place the diesel fuel
container on the ground when
transferring the diesel fuel from the
pump to the container. Hold the hose
nozzle firmly against the side of the
container while filling it. This prevents
static electricity build-up which could
cause sparks and ignite fuel vapors.
• NEVER place diesel fuel or other
flammable material such as oil, hay or
dried grass close to the engine during
engine operation or shortly after shut
down.
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Before you operate the engine, check
for fuel leaks. Replace rubberized fuel
hoses every two years or every 2000
hours of engine operation, whichever
comes first, even if the engine has
been out of service. Rubberized fuel
lines tend to dry out and become
brittle after two years or 2000 hours of
engine operation, whichever comes
first.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000015en
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000014en
A WARNING
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
22
L-N Operation Manual
Page 35
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
A WARNING
CAUTION
• Only use diesel fuels recommended by
Yanmar for the best engine
performance, to prevent engine
damage.
• Only use clean diesel fuel.
• NEVER remove inlet fuel screen from
the filler port. If removed, dirt and
debris could get into the fuel system
causing it to clog.
0000004enLV
CAUTION
• Only use the engine oil specified.
Other engine oils may affect warranty
coverage, cause internal engine
components to seize, or shorten
engine life.
• Prevent dirt and debris from
contaminating the engine oil. Carefully
clean the oil cap / dipstick and the
surrounding area before you remove
the cap.
BURN HAZARD!
• If you must drain the engine oil while it
is still hot, stay clear of the hot engine
oil to avoid being scalded. Make sure
you wear eye protection.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000011en
• NEVER mix different types of engine
oil. This may adversely affect the
lubricating properties of the engine oil.
• NEVER overfill. Overfilling may result
in white exhaust smoke, engine
overspeed or internal damage.
0000005en
CAUTION
If any problem is noted during the visual
check, the necessary corrective action
should be taken before you operate the
engine.
0000021en
L-N Operation Manual
23
Page 36
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
DIESEL FUEL
Diesel Fuel Specifications
Diesel fuel should comply with the following
specifications. The table lists several worldwide
specifications for diesel fuels.
Diesel Fuel Specification Location
No. 2-D, No. 1-D, ASTM D975-94 USA
EN590:96 European Union
ISO 8217 DMX International
BS 2869-A1 or A2 United Kingdom
JIS K2204 Grade No.2 Japan
KSM-2610 Korea
GB252 China
Additional Technical Fuel Requirements
• The fuel cetane number should be equal to 45
or higher.
• The sulfur content must not exceed 0.5% by
volume. Less than 0.05% is preferred.
• Bio-Diesel fuels. See Bio-Diesel Fuels on
page 24.
• NEVER mix kerosene, used engine oil, or
residual fuels with the diesel fuel.
• Water and sediment in the fuel should not
exceed 0.05% by volume.
• Keep the fuel tank and fuel-handling equipment
clean at all times.
• Poor quality fuel can reduce engine
performance and / or cause engine damage.
• Fuel additives are not recommended. Some
fuel additives may cause poor engine
performance. Consult your Yanmar
representative for more information.
• Ash content not to exceed 0.01% by volume.
• Carbon residue content not to exceed 0.35% by
volume. Less than 0.1% is preferred.
• Total aromatics content should not exceed 35%
by volume. Less than 30% is preferred.
• PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content
should be below 10% by volume.
• Metal content of Na, Mg, Si, and Al should be
equal to or lower than 1 mass ppm. (Test
analysis method JPI-5S-44-95)
• Lubricity: Wear mark of WS1.4 should be Max.
µm at HFRR test.
460
Bio-Diesel Fuels
In Europe and in the United States, as well as
some other countries, non-mineral oil based fuel
resources such as RME (Rapeseed Methyl Ester)
and SOME (Soybean Methyl Ester), collectively
known as FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters), are
being used as extenders for mineral oil derived
diesel fuels.
Yanmar approves the use of bio-diesel fuels that
do not exceed a blend of 5% (by volume) of
FAME with 95% (by volume) of approved mineral
oil derived diesel fuel. Such bio-diesel fuels are
known in the marketplace as B5 diesel fuels.
These B5 diesel fuels must meet certain
requirements.
1. The bio-fuels must meet the minimum
specifications for the country in which they
are used.
• In Europe, bio-diesel fuels must comply with
the European Standard EN14214.
• In the United States, bio-diesel fuels must
comply with the American Standard ASTM
D-6751.
2. Bio-fuels should be purchased only from
recognized and authorized diesel fuel
suppliers.
Precautions and concerns regarding the use
of bio-fuels:
1. Free methanol in FAME may result in
corrosion of aluminum and zinc FIE
components.
2. Free water in FAME may result in plugging of
fuel filters and increased bacterial growth.
24
L-N Operation Manual
Page 37
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
3. High viscosity at low temperatures may result
in fuel delivery problems, injection pump
seizures, and poor injection nozzle spray
atomization.
4. FAME may have adverse effects on some
elastomers (seal materials) and may result in
fuel leakage and dilution of the engine
lubricating oil.
5. Even bio-diesel fuels that comply with a
suitable standard as delivered, will require
additional care and attention to maintain the
quality of the fuel in the equipment or other
fuel tanks. It is important to maintain a supply
of clean, fresh fuel. Regular flushing of the
fuel system, and/or fuel storage containers,
may be necessary.
6. The use of bio-diesel fuels that do not comply
with the standards as agreed to by the diesel
engine manufacturers and the diesel fuel
injection equipment manufacturers, or biodiesel fuels that have degraded as per the
precautions and concerns above, may affect
the warranty coverage of your engine. See
Yanmar Limited Warranty on page vii.
Filling the Fuel Tank
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Only fill the fuel tank with diesel fuel.
Filling the fuel tank with gasoline may
result in a fire.
• NEVER refuel with the engine running.
• Wipe up all spills immediately.
• Keep sparks, open flames or any other
form of ignition (match, cigarette,
static electric source) away when
fueling / refueling.
• NEVER overfill the fuel tank.
• Fill the fuel tank and store fuel in a
well-ventilated area only.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000005en
L-N Operation Manual
25
Page 38
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Be sure to place the diesel fuel
container on the ground when
transferring the diesel fuel from the
pump to the container. Hold the hose
nozzle firmly against the side of the
container while filling it. This prevents
static electricity build-up which could
cause sparks and ignite fuel vapors.
• NEVER place diesel fuel or other
flammable material such as oil, hay or
dried grass close to the engine during
engine operation or shortly after shut
down.
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Before you operate the engine, check
for fuel leaks. Replace rubberized fuel
hoses every two years or every 2000
hours of engine operation, whichever
comes first, even if the engine has
been out of service. Rubberized fuel
lines tend to dry out and become
brittle after two years or 2000 hours of
engine operation, whichever comes
first.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000015en
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000014en
CAUTION
• Only use diesel fuels recommended by
Yanmar for the best engine
performance, to prevent engine
damage.
• Only use clean diesel fuel.
• NEVER remove inlet fuel screen from
the filler port. If removed, dirt and
debris could get into the fuel system
causing it to clog.
0000004enLV
Note that a typical fuel tank is shown. The fuel
tank on your engine may be different. Also note
that the inlet fuel screen is shown removed
from the fuel tank for clarity. ALWAYS make
sure the inlet fuel screen remains inside of the
fuel tank while fueling!
26
L-N Operation Manual
Page 39
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
1. Clean the area around the fuel cap
(Figure 1, (1)).
2. Remove the fuel cap (Figure 1, (1)) from the
fuel tank (Figure 1, (3)).
3. Stop fueling when the fuel is at the same level
as the red ring (Figure 1, (4)) at the bottom of
the inlet fuel screen. NEVER overfill the fuel
tank.
4. Replace the fuel cap (Figure 1, (1)) and hand
tighten. Over-tightening the fuel cap will
damage it.
(1)
(2)
(4)
(3)
0001552B
Figure 1
ENGINE OIL
CAUTION
• Only use the engine oil specified.
Other engine oils may affect warranty
coverage, cause internal engine
components to seize, or shorten
engine life.
• Prevent dirt and debris from
contaminating the engine oil. Carefully
clean the oil cap / dipstick and the
surrounding area before you remove
the cap.
• NEVER mix different types of engine
oil. This may adversely affect the
lubricating properties of the engine oil.
• NEVER overfill. Overfilling may result
in white exhaust smoke, engine
overspeed or internal damage.
0000005en
Engine Oil Specifications
Use an engine oil that meets or exceeds the
following guidelines and classifications:
Service Categories
• API Service Categories CD or higher
• ACEA Service Categories E-3, E-4, and E-5
• JASO Service Category DH-1
Definitions
• API Classification (American Petroleum
Institute)
• ACEA Classification (Association des
Constructeurs Européens d’Automobilies)
• JASO (Japanese Automobile Standards
Organization)
Notes:
1. Be sure the engine oil, engine oil storage
containers, and engine oil filling equipment
are free of sediments and water.
L-N Operation Manual
27
Page 40
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
2. Change the engine oil after the first 50 hours
of operation and then at every 200 hours
thereafter.
3. Select the oil viscosity based on the ambient
temperature where the engine is being
operated. See SAE Service Grade Viscosity
Chart (Figure 2).
4. Yanmar does not recommend the use of
engine oil “additives.”
Additional Technical Engine oil Requirements:
The engine oil must be changed when the Total
Base Number (TBN) has been reduced to 2.0.
TBN (mgKOH/g) test method; JIS K-201-5.2-2
(HCI), ASTM D4739 (HCI)
Engine Oil Viscosity
Select the appropriate engine oil viscosity based
on the ambient temperature and use the SAE
Service Grade Viscosity Chart in Figure 2.
5. Fully reinsert oil cap / dipstick (Figure 3, (1))
and hand tighten. Over-tightening the oil cap /
dipstick will damage it.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
0001119A
(1)
SAE 10W
SAE 20W
SAE 10W-30
SAE 15W-40
SAE 20
SAE 30
SAE 40
(-20˚C) (-10˚C) (0˚C) (10˚C) (20˚C) (30˚C) (40˚C)
0000005-2
Figure 2
Checking Engine Oil
1. Make sure engine is level.
2. Remove oil cap / dipstick (Figure 3, (1)) from
either location and wipe with clean cloth.
3. Fully reinsert oil cap / dipstick but do not
screw in.
4. Remove oil cap / dipstick. The oil level should
be between upper (Figure 3, (2)) and lower
(Figure 3, (3)) lines on the oil cap / dipstick.
0001566A
Figure 3
Adding Engine Oil
1. Make sure engine is level.
2. Remove oil cap / dipstick (Figure 3, (1)).
3. Add indicated amount of engine oil at either
one of the engine oil filler ports
(Figure 3, (4)).
4. Wait one minute and check oil level.
5. Add more oil if necessary.
6. Fully reinsert oil cap / dipstick (Figure 3, (1))
and hand tighten. Over-tightening the oil cap /
dipstick will damage it.
28
L-N Operation Manual
Page 41
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
Engine Oil Capacity (Typical)
The following are the engine oil capacities for
various Yanmar L-N Series engines.
Engine Model
L48N 0.85 / 0.58 qt
L70N 1.11 / 0.69 qt
L100N 1.7 / 1.06 qt
Note: Oil capacity will vary depending upon
which optional oil pan is used. Refer to
the operation manual provided by the
driven machine manufacturer for the
actual engine oil capacity of your
machine.
Dipstick Upper Limit/
Lower Limit
(0.80 / 0.55 L)
(1.05 / 0.65 L)
(1.6 / 1.0 L)
DAILY CHECKS
Before you begin any job, make sure the Yanmar
L-N Series engine is in good operating condition.
Make sure you check the following items before
you start your shift and have any repairs
completed before you start work.
A WARNING
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
Visual Checks
1. Check for engine oil leaks.
2. Check for fuel leaks.
3. Check for damaged or missing parts.
4. Check for loose, missing, or damaged
fasteners.
5. Check the electrical harnesses for cracks,
abrasions, and damaged or corroded
connectors.
6. Check hoses for cracks, abrasions, and
damaged, loose or corroded clamps.
L-N Operation Manual
29
Page 42
BEFORE YOU OPERATE
CAUTION
If any problem is noted during the visual
check, the necessary corrective action
should be taken before you operate the
engine.
0000021en
Check Diesel Fuel and Engine Oil
Follow the procedures in Diesel Fuel on page 24
and Engine Oil on page 27 to check these levels.
Check Engine Speed Control (First Time Only)
1. Check the engine speed control for smooth
operation and lubricate or clean as
necessary.
Indicator OFF to ON START to ON
Battery ON OFF (Stays On until dynamo is
2. Check engine speed control for proper
adjustments.
Check Indicators
If your engine has an electric starter, check the
battery indicator. Also check any other indicators
supplied by the driven machine manufacturer.
Battery - Stays On until the engine is running and
the dynamo is supplying charging current. This
indicator does not indicate whether the battery is
discharged.
Here is a summary of how these indicators
function. The table shows what happens when
you turn the key in a certain direction (e.g., OFF
to ON).
supplying charging current.
Remains On if there is a
problem in the charging
system. This indicator does not
indicate whether the battery is
discharged.)
30
L-N Operation Manual
Page 43
ENGINE OPERATION
L-N Operation Manual
This section of the Operation Manual describes
the procedures for starting the engine, checking
engine performance during operation, and
shutting the engine down.
CAUTION
NEVER permit anyone to operate the
engine or driven machine without proper
training.
• Read and understand this Operation
Manual before you operate the
machine to ensure that you follow safe
operating practices and maintenance
procedures.
A DANGER
EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Keep the area around the battery well
ventilated. While the engine is running
or the battery is charging, hydrogen
gas is produced which can be easily
ignited.
• Keep sparks, open flame and any other
form of ignition away.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000003en
• Machine safety signs and labels are
additional reminders for safe operating
and maintenance techniques.
• See your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor for
additional training.
0000002en
L-N Operation Manual
31
Page 44
ENGINE OPERATION
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Only use the key switch to start the
engine.
• NEVER jump start the engine. Sparks
caused by jumping the battery to the
starter terminals may cause a fire or
explosion.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000004en
A DANGER
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Only fill the fuel tank with diesel fuel.
Filling the fuel tank with gasoline may
result in a fire.
• NEVER refuel with the engine running.
• Wipe up all spills immediately.
• Keep sparks, open flames or any other
form of ignition (match, cigarette,
static electric source) away when
fueling / refueling.
• NEVER overfill the fuel tank.
• Fill the fuel tank and store fuel in a
well-ventilated area only.
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• NEVER remove the fuel cap with the
engine running.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000011en
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000005en
32
L-N Operation Manual
Page 45
ENGINE OPERATION
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Be sure to place the diesel fuel
container on the ground when
transferring the diesel fuel from the
pump to the container. Hold the hose
nozzle firmly against the side of the
container while filling it. This prevents
static electricity build-up which could
cause sparks and ignite fuel vapors.
• NEVER place diesel fuel or other
flammable material such as oil, hay or
dried grass close to the engine during
engine operation or shortly after shut
down.
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Before you operate the engine, check
for fuel leaks. Replace rubberized fuel
hoses every two years or every 2000
hours of engine operation, whichever
comes first, even if the engine has
been out of service. Rubberized fuel
lines tend to dry out and become
brittle after two years or 2000 hours of
engine operation, whichever comes
first.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000015en
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000014en
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
L-N Operation Manual
33
Page 46
ENGINE OPERATION
A WARNING
SEVER HAZARD!
• Keep hands and other body parts
away from moving / rotating parts
such as the cooling fan / flywheel.
• Wear tight fitting clothing and keep
your hair short or tie it back while the
engine is running.
• Remove all jewelry before you operate
or service the machine.
• NEVER start the engine in gear.
Sudden movement of the engine
and / or machine could cause death or
serious personal injury.
• NEVER operate the engine without the
guards in place.
• Before you start the engine make sure
that all bystanders are clear of the
area.
• Keep children and pets away while the
engine is operating.
• Check before starting the engine that
any tools or shop rags used during
maintenance have been removed from
the area.
A WARNING
EXHAUST HAZARD!
• NEVER operate the engine in an
enclosed area such as a garage,
tunnel, underground room, manhole or
ship’s hold without proper ventilation.
• NEVER block windows, vents, or other
means of ventilation if the engine is
operating in an enclosed area. All
internal combustion engines create
carbon monoxide gas during
operation. Accumulation of this gas
within an enclosure could cause
illness or even death.
• Make sure that all connections are
tightened to specifications after repair
is made to the exhaust system.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000003en
A WARNING
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000002enLV
ALCOHOL AND DRUG HAZARD!
• NEVER operate the engine while you
under the influence of alcohol or
are
drugs.
• NEVER operate the engine when you
are feeling ill.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000004en
34
L-N Operation Manual
Page 47
ENGINE OPERATION
A WARNING
EXPOSURE HAZARD!
• Wear personal protective equipment
such as gloves, work shoes, eye and
hearing protection as required by the
task at hand.
• NEVER wear jewelry, unbuttoned
cuffs, ties or loose fitting clothing
when you are working near
moving / rotating parts such as the
cooling fan, flywheel or PTO shaft.
• ALWAYS tie long hair back when you
are working near moving / rotating
parts such as a cooling fan, flywheel,
or PTO shaft.
• NEVER operate the engine while
wearing a headset to listen to music or
radio because it will be difficult to hear
the warning signals.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000005en
CAUTION
NEVER use an engine starting aid such
as ether. Engine damage will result.
0000009en
CAUTION
Make sure the engine is installed on a
level surface. If a continuously running
engine is installed at an angle greater
than 20° (in any direction) or if an engine
runs for short periods of time (less than
3 minutes) at an angle greater than 25°
in any direction, engine oil may enter the
combustion chamber causing exessive
engine speed and generate white smoke
and also may occur unsatisfactory oil
pressure. These may cause serious
engine damage.
0000010enTNE
CAUTION
New Engine Break In:
• On the initial engine start-up, allow the
engine to idle for approximately 15
minutes while you check for proper
engine oil pressure, diesel fuel leaks,
engine oil leaks, and for proper
operation of the indicators and / or
gauges.
• During the first hour of operation, vary
the engine speed and the load on the
engine. Short periods of maximum
engine speed and load are desirable.
Avoid prolonged operation at
minimum or maximum engine speeds
and loads for the next 100 hours.
• During the break-in period, carefully
observe the engine oil pressure and
engine temperature.
CAUTION
For maximum engine life, Yanmar
recommends that when shutting the
engine down, you allow the engine to
idle, without load, for 5 minutes. This
will allow the engine components that
operate at high temperatures, such as
exhaust system, to cool slightly before
the engine itself is shut down.
L-N Operation Manual
0000008en
• During the break-in period, check the
engine oil levels frequently.
0000011en
CAUTION
NEVER hold the key in the START
position for longer than 15 seconds or
the starter motor will overheat.
0000007en
35
Page 48
ENGINE OPERATION
CAUTION
Observe the following environmental
operating conditions to maintain engine
performance and avoid premature
engine wear:
• Avoid operating in extremely dusty
conditions.
• Avoid operating in the presence of
chemical gases or fumes.
• Avoid operating in a corrosive
atmosphere such as salt water spray.
• NEVER install the engine in a
floodplain unless proper precautions
are taken to avoid being subject to a
flood.
• NEVER expose the engine to the rain.
0000003en
CAUTION
Observe the following environmental
operating conditions to maintain engine
performance and avoid premature
engine wear:
• NEVER run the engine if the ambient
temperature is above +40°C or below 10°C
If the ambient temperature exceeds
+40°C the engine may overheat and
cause the engine oil to break down.
If the ambient temperature falls
below -10°C rubber components
such as gaskets and seals will
harden causing premature engine
wear and damage.
Contact your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or
distributor if the engine will be
operated in either temperature
extreme.
• Contact your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor
if you need to operate the engine at
high altitudes. At high altitudes the
engine will lose power, run rough, and
produce exhaust gases that exceed
the design specifications.
0000065enLN
CAUTION
NEVER engage the starter motor while
the engine is running. This may damage
the starter motor pinion and / or ring
gear.
0000012en
36
L-N Operation Manual
Page 49
ENGINE OPERATION
STARTING THE ENGINE
Recoil Start
CAUTION
NEVER use an engine starting aid such
as ether. Engine damage will result.
0000009en
Use the following procedure to start the engine.
Daily Checks
1. Make sure you follow the procedures stated in
Daily Checks on page 29.
2. Make sure the fuel cock is in the ON position
(Figure 1, (1)).
(1)
(1)
(2)
STOP
SLOW
RUN
0001354A
Figure 2
2. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 3 slide the engine speed control lever
(Figure 3, (1)) to the RUN position
(Figure 3, (2)).
(1)
(2)
RUN
STOP
0001124A
Figure 1
Set Engine Speed Control to START
Several types of engine speed controls are
used in L-N engine applications. The
following procedures are for three typical
applications. Refer to the operating
instructions for the driven machine.
1. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 2 slide the engine speed control lever
(Figure 2, (1)) to the RUN position
(Figure 2, (2)).
0001355A
Figure 3
3. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 4:
(a) Turn the engine speed control knob
(Figure 4, (1)) to the left (Figure 4, (2)).
(b) Slide the engine speed control knob to the
START position (Figure 4, (3)).
(c) Turn the engine speed control knob to the
right (Figure 4, (4)) to tighten it.
L-N Operation Manual
37
Page 50
ENGINE OPERATION
(2)
(3)
(1)
(4)
4. Push the decompression lever (Figure 8, (1))
down and release it. The decompression
lever will automatically return to the original
position when the engine starts. Some L-N
model engines have an automatic, internal
compression release mechanism and do not
have the external compression release lever.
Refer to the specific instructions for your
driven machine.
5. Grasp the recoil starter handle (Figure, (1)).
Figure 4
Start The Engine
CAUTION
Tips while starting engine with recoil
starter (See Start The Engine on
page 11.):
• Pulling out the recoil starter handle
too hard or fast will damage the
equipment.
• ALWAYS pull recoil starter handle all
the way out or the engine will not start.
• NEVER allow the recoil starter handle
to snap back against the engine.
Return the handle to the starting
position gently to prevent damage to
the recoil starter.
0000068enLVOM
0001356A
6. Pull the handle all the way out with a strong
and even motion. Use two hands if necessary.
7. Slowly return the recoil starter handle to the
initial position.
8. If the engine does not start, repeat the Start
The Engine procedure from Step 1.
(1)
CAUTION
NEVER use an engine starting aid such
as ether. Engine damage will result.
0000009en
1. Grasp the recoil starter handle (Figure, (1)).
2. Pull the handle out slowly until you feel strong
resistance.
3. Slowly return the recoil starter handle to the
initial position.
0001126B
Figure 5
38
L-N Operation Manual
Page 51
ENGINE OPERATION
In Cold Weather - L48N Only
If you have trouble pulling the recoil handle on an
L48N engine in cold weather follow this
procedure:
1. Remove the oil plug (Figure 6, (1)).
2. Add 2 cc of engine oil to the oil port
(Figure 7, (1)).
(1)
0001581
Figure 6
3. Reinsert the oil plug (Figure 6, (1)).
(1)
0001347A
Figure 8
Electric Start
CAUTION
NEVER use an engine starting aid such
as ether. Engine damage will result.
0000009en
Use the following procedure to start the engine.
Daily Checks
Figure 7
(1)
0001580
1. Make sure you follow the procedures stated in
Daily Checks on page 29.
2. Make sure the fuel cock is in the ON position
(Figure 9, (1)).
(1)
0001124A
Figure 9
L-N Operation Manual
39
Page 52
ENGINE OPERATION
Set Engine Speed Control to START
Several types of engine speed controls are used in L-N engine applications. The following procedures are for three typical applications. Refer to the operating instructions for the driven machine.
1. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 10 slide the engine speed control
lever (Figure 10, (1)) to the RUN position
(Figure 10, (2)).
(1)
(2)
STOP
SLOW
RUN
0001354A
Figure 10
3. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 12:
(a) Turn the engine speed control knob
(Figure 12, (1)) to the left (Figure 12, (2)).
(b) Slide the engine speed control knob to the
START position (Figure 12, (3)).
(c) Turn the engine speed control knob to the
right (Figure 12, (4)) to tighten it.
(2)
(3)
(1)
(4)
0001356A
Figure 12
Start The Engine
2. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 11 slide the engine speed control
lever (Figure 11, (1)) to the RUN position or
(Figure 11, (2)).
(1)
(2)
RUN
STOP
0001355A
Figure 11
CAUTION
NEVER use an engine starting aid such
as ether. Engine damage will result.
0000009en
Use the following procedure to start the engine.
1. Insert the key into the key switch.
(2)
OFF
ON
STA RT
Figure 13
(1)
0001549C
40
L-N Operation Manual
Page 53
ENGINE OPERATION
2. Turn the key clockwise to the START position
(Figure 13, (1)). Release the key as soon as
the engine starts. It will return to the ON
position (Figure 13, (2)).
3. If the engine fails to start:
(a) Wait until the engine comes to a complete
stop before you attempt to start it again.
Engaging the starter while the engine is
still rotating will result in damage to the
starter motor and flywheel.
(b) Wait at least 30 seconds before you
attempt to start the engine again. This
pause will allow the battery voltage to
recover to prevent damage to the starter
motor due to the low battery voltage.
CHECK THE ENGINE DURING OPERATION
CAUTION
Make sure the engine is installed on a
level surface. If a continuously running
engine is installed at an angle greater
than 20° (in any direction) or if an engine
runs for short periods of time (less than
3 minutes) at an angle greater than 25°
in any direction, engine oil may enter the
combustion chamber causing exessive
engine speed and generate white smoke
and also may occur unsatisfactory oil
pressure. These may cause serious
engine damage.
0000010enTNE
CAUTION
New Engine Break In:
• On the initial engine start-up, allow the
engine to idle for approximately 15
minutes while you check for proper
engine oil pressure, diesel fuel leaks,
engine oil leaks, and for proper
operation of the indicators and / or
gauges.
• During the first hour of operation, vary
the engine speed and the load on the
engine. Short periods of maximum
engine speed and load are desirable.
Avoid prolonged operation at
minimum or maximum engine speeds
and loads for the next 100 hours.
• During the break-in period, carefully
observe the engine oil pressure and
engine temperature.
• During the break-in period, check the
engine oil levels frequently.
0000011en
L-N Operation Manual
41
Page 54
ENGINE OPERATION
1. After the engine has reached operating
temperature, all of the indicators (if equipped)
should be Off. If any of the indicators are On,
shut down the engine and have the necessary
repairs performed.
A WARNING
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
4. Check for white or black smoke from the
exhaust system. A small amount of white
exhaust smoke is normal on start-up of a cold
engine. Black exhaust smoke could mean the
engine is overloaded or being over-fueled. If
either of these conditions persists, contact
your authorized Yanmar industrial engine
dealer or distributor.
5. Check the fuel level during operation. If the
fuel level runs low, stop the engine and refuel.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
2. Check for any fuel or engine oil leaks. If any
leaks are found shut down the engine and
have the necessary repairs performed.
3. Check for abnormal sounds or vibration. In
some applications the engine and its
mounting may start to resonate and cause
unusual vibrations at certain engine speeds.
Avoid running the engine at these speeds. If
the abnormal sounds or vibration cannot be
resolved, shut down the engine and have the
necessary repairs performed.
42
L-N Operation Manual
Page 55
ENGINE OPERATION
ADJUST ENGINE SPEED
CAUTION
New Engine Break In:
• On the initial engine start-up, allow the
engine to idle for approximately 15
minutes while you check for proper
engine oil pressure, diesel fuel leaks,
engine oil leaks, and for proper
operation of the indicators and / or
gauges.
• During the first hour of operation, vary
the engine speed and the load on the
engine. Short periods of maximum
engine speed and load are desirable.
Avoid prolonged operation at
minimum or maximum engine speeds
and loads for the next 100 hours.
• During the break-in period, carefully
observe the engine oil pressure and
engine temperature.
• During the break-in period, check the
engine oil levels frequently.
0000011en
Use the engine speed control to adjust the engine
speed for the task that will be performed.
Several types of engine speed controls are used
in L-N engine applications. The following
procedures are for three typical applications.
Refer to the operating instructions for the driven
machine.
(1)
STOP
SLOW
RUN
0001354B
Figure 14
2. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 15 slide the engine speed control
lever (Figure 15, (1)) in the direction shown to
adjust the engine speed.
Note: This type of speed control, typically
used on a generator set, has only one
speed setting. When you move the
lever to the right, it clicks into the RUN
position. The speed control lever is
spring-loaded so when you push down
on the STOP button, the speed control
lever moves back to the shut-off
position. There is no idle position or
intermediate speeds.
(1)
RUN
STOP
1. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 14 slide the engine speed control
lever (Figure 14, (1)) in the direction shown to
adjust the engine speed.
Note: This is a friction adjustment. If the
speed control will not maintain a given
speed, tightening the nut will increase
the friction on the speed control lever.
L-N Operation Manual
0001355B
Figure 15
43
Page 56
ENGINE OPERATION
3. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 16:
(a) Turn the engine speed control knob
(Figure 16, (1)) to the left (Figure 16, (2)).
(b) Slide the engine speed control knob in the
direction shown to adjust the engine
speed.
(c) Turn the engine speed control knob to the
right (Figure 16, (3)) to tighten it.
(2)
(3)
(1)
0001363C
Figure 16
SHUTTING DOWN THE ENGINE
CAUTION
For maximum engine life, Yanmar
recommends that when shutting the
engine down, you allow the engine to
idle, without load, for 5 minutes. This
will allow the engine components that
operate at high temperatures, such as
exhaust system, to cool slightly before
the engine itself is shut down.
Preparing To Stop Engine
Follow these steps to shut down the engine:
1. Disengage the PTO.
2. Set the engine speed control to its lowest
setting.
3. Run the engine at low idle speed or run
without load for at least five minutes before
you shut it down.
0000008en
Set Engine Speed Control to STOP
CAUTION
If the engine continues to run after you
position the engine speed control to the
STOP position, turn the fuel cock to the
CLOSED position.
0000069en
Several types of engine speed controls are
used in L-N engine applications. The
following procedures are for three typical
applications. Refer to the operating
instructions for the driven machine.
1. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 17 slide the engine speed control
lever (Figure 17, (1)) to the STOP position
(Figure 17, (2)).
44
L-N Operation Manual
Page 57
(1)
(2)
STOP
SLOW
RUN
ENGINE OPERATION
3. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 19:
(a) Turn the engine speed control knob
(Figure 19, (1)) to the left (Figure 19, (2)).
(b) Slide the engine speed control knob to the
STOP position (Figure 19, (3)).
(c) Turn the engine speed control knob to the
right (Figure 19, (4)) to tighten it.
0001361A
Figure 17
2. If your engine speed control is similar to
Figure 18 press the STOP button
(Figure 18, (1)) and the engine speed control
lever (Figure 18, (2)) will automatically return
to the STOP position.
Note: The speed control lever is spring-
loaded so when you push down on the
STOP button, the speed control lever
moves back to the shut-off position.
There is no idle position or
intermediate speeds.
(2)
RUN
STOP
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
0001363A
Figure 19
Electric Start Models
Turn the key to the OFF position (Figure 20, (1))
and remove it from the key switch.
(1)
OFF
ON
STA RT
Figure 18
(1)
0001362A
0001549D
Figure 20
L-N Operation Manual
45
Page 58
ENGINE OPERATION
After The Engine Stops
1. Move the fuel cock lever to the closed position
(Figure 21, (1)).
(1)
0001124B
Figure 21
2. Slowly pull the recoil starter handle out to the
point of resistance (the point in the
compression stroke where the intake and
exhaust valves are closed). This helps to
prevent rust while the engine is not in use.
3. If the engine will not be used for six months or
longer, follow the additional instructions in
Long Term Storage on page 83.
46
L-N Operation Manual
Page 59
PERIODIC
MAINTENANCE
L-N Operation Manual
This section of the Operation Manual describes
the procedures for proper care and maintenance
of the engine.
CAUTION
NEVER permit anyone to operate the
engine or driven machine without proper
training.
• Read and understand this Operation
Manual before you operate the
machine to ensure that you follow safe
operating practices and maintenance
procedures.
• Machine safety signs and labels are
additional reminders for safe operating
and maintenance techniques.
A DANGER
EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• NEVER check the remaining battery
charge by shorting out the terminals.
This will result in a spark and may
cause an explosion or fire. Use a
hydrometer to check the remaining
battery charge.
• If the electrolyte is frozen, slowly warm
the battery before you recharge it.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000007en
• See your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor for
additional training.
0000002en
L-N Operation Manual
47
Page 60
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Only fill the fuel tank with diesel fuel.
Filling the fuel tank with gasoline may
result in a fire.
• NEVER refuel with the engine running.
• Wipe up all spills immediately.
• Keep sparks, open flames or any other
form of ignition (match, cigarette,
static electric source) away when
fueling / refueling.
• NEVER overfill the fuel tank.
• Fill the fuel tank and store fuel in a
well-ventilated area only.
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Before you operate the engine, check
for fuel leaks. Replace rubberized fuel
hoses every two years or every 2000
hours of engine operation, whichever
comes first, even if the engine has
been out of service. Rubberized fuel
lines tend to dry out and become
brittle after two years or 2000 hours of
engine operation, whichever comes
first.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000015en
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000005en
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• NEVER use diesel fuel as a cleaning
agent.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000012en
A DANGER
CRUSH HAZARD!
• When you need to transport an engine
for repair, have a helper assist you to
attach it to a hoist and load it on a
truck.
• NEVER stand under a hoisted engine.
If the hoist mechanism fails, the
engine will fall on you, causing serious
injury or death.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000008en
48
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Be sure to place the diesel fuel
container on the ground when
transferring the diesel fuel from the
pump to the container. Hold the hose
nozzle firmly against the side of the
container while filling it. This prevents
static electricity build-up which could
cause sparks and ignite fuel vapors.
• NEVER place diesel fuel or other
flammable material such as oil, hay or
dried grass close to the engine during
engine operation or shortly after shut
down.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000014en
A DANGER
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• NEVER remove the fuel cap with the
engine running.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000011en
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• When you remove any fuel system
component to perform maintenance
(such as changing the fuel filter) place
an approved container under the
opening to catch the fuel.
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Only use the key switch to start the
engine.
• NEVER jump start the engine. Sparks
caused by jumping the battery to the
starter terminals may cause a fire or
explosion.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000004en
• NEVER use a shop rag to catch the
fuel. Vapors from the rag are extremely
flammable and explosive.
• Wipe up any spills immediately.
• Wear eye protection. The fuel system
is under pressure and fuel could spray
out when you remove any fuel system
component.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000009en
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49
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
A WARNING
EXHAUST HAZARD!
• NEVER operate the engine in an
enclosed area such as a garage,
tunnel, underground room, manhole or
ship’s hold without proper ventilation.
• NEVER block windows, vents, or other
means of ventilation if the engine is
operating in an enclosed area. All
internal combustion engines create
carbon monoxide gas during
operation. Accumulation of this gas
within an enclosure could cause
illness or even death.
• Make sure that all connections are
tightened to specifications after repair
is made to the exhaust system.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000003en
A WARNING
A WARNING
SEVER HAZARD!
• Keep hands and other body parts
away from moving / rotating parts
such as the cooling fan / flywheel.
• Wear tight fitting clothing and keep
your hair short or tie it back while the
engine is running.
• Remove all jewelry before you operate
or service the machine.
• NEVER start the engine in gear.
Sudden movement of the engine
and / or machine could cause death or
serious personal injury.
• NEVER operate the engine without the
guards in place.
• Before you start the engine make sure
that all bystanders are clear of the
area.
• Keep children and pets away while the
engine is operating.
• Check before starting the engine that
any tools or shop rags used during
maintenance have been removed from
the area.
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000002enLV
50
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
A WARNING
ALCOHOL AND DRUG HAZARD!
• NEVER operate the engine while you
under the influence of alcohol or
are
drugs.
• NEVER operate the engine when you
are feeling ill.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000004en
A WARNING
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Batteries contain sulfuric acid. NEVER
allow battery fluid to come in contact
with clothing, skin or eyes. Severe
burns could result. ALWAYS wear
safety goggles and protective clothing
when servicing the battery. If contact
with the skin and / or eyes should
occur, flush with a large amount of
water and obtain prompt medical
treatment.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000007en
EXPOSURE HAZARD!
• Wear personal protective equipment
such as gloves, work shoes, eye and
hearing protection as required by the
task at hand.
• NEVER wear jewelry, unbuttoned
cuffs, ties or loose fitting clothing
when you are working near
moving / rotating parts such as the
cooling fan, flywheel or PTO shaft.
• ALWAYS tie long hair back when you
are working near moving / rotating
parts such as a cooling fan, flywheel,
or PTO shaft.
• NEVER operate the engine while
wearing a headset to listen to music or
radio because it will be difficult to hear
the warning signals.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000005en
A WARNING
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
A WARNING
SHOCK HAZARD!
• Turn off the battery switch (if
equipped) or disconnect the negative
battery cable before servicing the
electrical system.
• Check the electrical harnesses for
cracks, abrasions, and damaged or
corroded connectors. ALWAYS keep
the connectors and terminals clean.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000009en
A WARNING
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• If you must drain the engine oil while it
is still hot, stay clear of the hot engine
oil to avoid being scalded. Make sure
you wear eye protection.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000011en
A CAUTION
SEVER HAZARD!
• Stop the engine before you begin to
service it.
• NEVER leave the key in the key switch
when you are servicing the engine.
Someone may accidentally start the
engine and not realize you are
servicing it. This could result in a
serious injury.
• If you must service the engine while it
is operating, remove all jewelry, tie
long hair back, and keep your hands,
other body parts and clothing away
from moving / rotating parts.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000010en
FLYING OBJECT HAZARD!
• ALWAYS wear eye protection when
servicing the engine and when using
compressed air or high-pressure
water. Dust, flying debris, compressed
air, pressurized water or steam may
injure your eyes.
• Failure to comply may result in minor
or moderate injury.
0000003en
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
• Only use diesel fuels recommended by
Yanmar for the best engine
performance, to prevent engine
damage.
• Only use clean diesel fuel.
• NEVER remove inlet fuel screen from
the filler port. If removed, dirt and
debris could get into the fuel system
causing it to clog.
0000004enLV
CAUTION
• Only use the engine oil specified.
Other engine oils may affect warranty
coverage, cause internal engine
components to seize, or shorten
engine life.
• Prevent dirt and debris from
contaminating the engine oil. Carefully
clean the oil cap / dipstick and the
surrounding area before you remove
the cap.
• NEVER mix different types of engine
oil. This may adversely affect the
lubricating properties of the engine oil.
CAUTION
• NEVER attempt to modify the engine’s
design or safety features such as
defeating the engine speed limit
control or the fuel injection quantity
control.
• Failure to comply may impair the
engine’s safety and performance
characteristics and shorten the
engine’s life. Any alterations to this
engine may affect the warranty
coverage of your engine. See Yanmar
Limited Warranty on page 1.
0000044enLVOM
CAUTION
Observe the following environmental
operating conditions to maintain engine
performance and avoid premature
engine wear:
• Avoid operating in extremely dusty
conditions.
• Avoid operating in the presence of
chemical gases or fumes.
• Avoid operating in a corrosive
atmosphere such as salt water spray.
• NEVER overfill. Overfilling may result
in white exhaust smoke, engine
overspeed or internal damage.
0000005en
• NEVER install the engine in a
floodplain unless proper precautions
are taken to avoid being subject to a
flood.
• NEVER expose the engine to the rain.
0000003en
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53
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
Observe the following environmental
operating conditions to maintain engine
performance and avoid premature
engine wear:
• NEVER run the engine if the ambient
temperature is above +40°C or below 10°C
If the ambient temperature exceeds
+40°C the engine may overheat and
cause the engine oil to break down.
If the ambient temperature falls
below -10°C rubber components
such as gaskets and seals will
harden causing premature engine
wear and damage.
Contact your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or
distributor if the engine will be
operated in either temperature
extreme.
• Contact your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor
if you need to operate the engine at
high altitudes. At high altitudes the
engine will lose power, run rough, and
produce exhaust gases that exceed
the design specifications.
0000065enLN
CAUTION
NEVER hold the key in the START
position for longer than 15 seconds or
the starter motor will overheat.
0000007en
CAUTION
For maximum engine life, Yanmar
recommends that when shutting the
engine down, you allow the engine to
idle, without load, for 5 minutes. This
will allow the engine components that
operate at high temperatures, such as
exhaust system, to cool slightly before
the engine itself is shut down.
0000008en
CAUTION
NEVER use an engine starting aid such
as ether. Engine damage will result.
0000009en
CAUTION
Make sure the engine is installed on a
level surface. If a continuously running
engine is installed at an angle greater
than 20° (in any direction) or if an engine
runs for short periods of time (less than
3 minutes) at an angle greater than 25°
in any direction, engine oil may enter the
combustion chamber causing exessive
engine speed and generate white smoke
and also may occur unsatisfactory oil
pressure. These may cause serious
engine damage.
0000010enTNE
CAUTION
• NEVER overfill the engine with engine
oil.
• ALWAYS keep the oil level between the
upper and lower lines on the oil
cap / dipstick.
0000015en
54
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
It is important to perform daily checks.
See Daily Checks on page 9.
Periodic maintenance prevents
unexpected downtime, reduces the
number of accidents due to poor
machine performance and helps extend
the life of the engine.
0000060enLVOM
CAUTION
NEVER engage the starter motor while
the engine is running. This may damage
the starter motor pinion and / or ring
gear.
0000012en
CAUTION
Protect the air cleaner, and electric
components from damage when you
use steam or use high-pressure water to
clean the engine.
0000014en
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
CAUTION
Establish a periodic maintenance plan
according to the engine application and
make sure you perform the required
periodic maintenance at intervals
indicated. Failure to follow these
guidelines will impair the engine’s safety
and performance characteristics,
shorten the engine’s life and may affect
the warranty coverage on your engine.
See Yanmar Limited Warranty on page 1.
Consult your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor for
assistance when checking items marked
with a
.
0000024enLVOM
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55
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
• When the engine is operated in dusty
conditions, clean the air cleaner
element more frequently.
• NEVER operate the engine with the air
cleaner or element(s) removed. This
may cause foreign material to enter the
engine and damage it.
CAUTION
The tightening torque in the Standard
Torque C hart (page 12) should be
carefully observed.
• Apply 60% torque to bolts that are not
listed.
• Apply 80% torque when tightened to
aluminum alloy.
0000023enLVOM
0000026en
56
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
PRECAUTIONS
The Importance of Periodic Maintenance
Engine deterioration and wear occurs in
proportion to length of time the engine has been
in service and the conditions the engine is subject
to during operation. Periodic maintenance
prevents unexpected downtime, reduces the
number of accidents due to poor machine
performance and helps extend the life of the
engine.
Performing Periodic Maintenance
A WARNING
EXHAUST HAZARD!
• NEVER operate the engine in an
enclosed area such as a garage,
tunnel, underground room, manhole or
ship’s hold without proper ventilation.
• NEVER block windows, vents, or other
means of ventilation if the engine is
operating in an enclosed area. All
internal combustion engines create
carbon monoxide gas during
operation. Accumulation of this gas
within an enclosure could cause
illness or even death.
• Make sure that all connections are
tightened to specifications after repair
is made to the exhaust system.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000003en
The Importance of Daily Checks
Periodic Maintenance Schedules assume that the
daily checks are performed on a regular basis.
Make it a habit of performing daily checks before
the start of each shift. See Daily Checks on
page 29.
Keep a Log of Engine Hours and Daily Checks
Keep a log of the number of hours the engine is
run each day and a log of the daily checks
performed. Also note the date, type of repair
(e.g., replaced alternator), and parts needed for
any service needed between the periodic
maintenance intervals. Periodic maintenance
intervals are every 50, 200, 400, 1000, 1500 and
2000 engine hours. Failure to perform periodic
maintenance will shorten the life of the engine.
Yanmar Replacement Parts
Yanmar recommends that you use genuine
Yanmar parts when replacement parts are
needed. Genuine replacement parts help ensure
long engine life.
Tools Required
Before you start any periodic maintenance
procedure make sure you have the tools you
need to perform all of the required tasks.
Ask Your Authorized Yanmar
Industrial Engine Dealer or
Distributor For Help
Our professional service technicians have the
expertise and skills to help you with any
maintenance or service related procedures you
need help with.
Perform periodic maintenance procedures in an
open, level area free from traffic. If possible,
perform the procedures indoors to prevent
environmental conditions, such as rain, wind, or
snow, from damaging the machine.
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Tightening Fasteners
Use the correct amount of torque when you
tighten fasteners on the machine. Applying
excessive torque may damage the fastener or
component and not enough torque may cause a
leak or component failure.
CAUTION
The tightening torque in the Standard
Torque C hart (page 12) should be
carefully observed.
• Apply 60% torque to bolts that are not
listed.
• Apply 80% torque when tightened to
aluminum alloy.
0000023enLVOM
STANDARD TORQUE CHART
Thread size × Pitch mm M6×1.0 M8×1.25 M10×1.5 M12×1.75 M14×1.5 M16×1.5
Tightening
Torque
N·m 10.8 ± 1.0 25.5 ± 2.9 49.0 ± 4.9 88.3 ± 9.8 137.0 ± 9.8 226.0 ± 9.8
kgf·m 1.1 ± 0.1 2.6 ± 0.3 5.0 ± 0.5 9.0 ± 1.0 14.0 ± 1.5 23.0 ± 2.0
58
L-N Operation Manual
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
Daily and periodic maintenance is important to
keep the engine in good operating condition. The
following is a summary of maintenance items by
periodic maintenance intervals. Periodic
maintenance intervals vary depending on engine
application, loads, diesel fuel and engine oil used
and are hard to establish definitively. The
following should be treated only as a general
guideline.
CAUTION
Establish a periodic maintenance plan
according to the engine application and
make sure you perform the required
periodic maintenance at intervals
indicated. Failure to follow these
guidelines will impair the engine’s safety
and performance characteristics,
shorten the engine’s life and may affect
the warranty coverage on your engine.
See Yanmar Limited Warranty on page 1.
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Consult your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor for
assistance when checking items marked
with a
.
0000024enLVOM
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59
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
: Check : Replace : Contact your authorized Yanmar industrial engine dealer or distributor for these maintenance services.
Periodic Maintenance Interval
System Check Item Daily
Air Intake Clean or Replace Air
Cylinder Head Adjust Intake / Exhaust
Cleaner Element - May
Need More Frequent
Service in Dusty Conditions
Valve Clearance
Check Compression
Check Battery & Add Water
as Necessary
Electrical
Equipment
Fuel Injector Inspect, Clean & Test Fuel
Engine Oil Check Engine Oil Level &
Engine Speed
Control
Exhaust System Check Spark Arrestor for
Fuel Check Fuel Tank Level &
Hoses Replace Fuel System
Check Battery Indicator (If
Equipped) and Other Driven
Machine Indicators (If
Equipped)
Injection Nozzle
Add Engine Oil As
Necessary
Drain and Refill Engine Oil
Clean Engine Oil Filter Replace If Damaged
Check for Engine Oil
Leakage
Check for Proper Operation
Verify Adjustment
Clogging
Add Fuel As Necessary
Drain & Clean Fuel Tank
Clean Inlet Fuel Screen
Replace Outlet Fuel Filter
Check for Fuel Leakage
Hose(s)
before
operation
when
engine is
started
before
operation
before &
after
operation
1st time
before
operation
before
operation
before &
after
operation
Every 50
hours
1st time
Every 200
hours
100hours
2nd & after
2nd & after
Every 400
hours
500hours
2nd & after
Every
1000
hours
Every
1500
hours
comes first
Every
2000
hours
or every 2
yrs.
whichever
60
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
Daily, Before Operation
Perform the following maintenance daily before
operation.
• Check Battery (If Equipped)
• Check Battery Indicator (If Equipped)
• Check Engine Oil Level
• Check For Engine Oil Leakage
• Check Engine Speed Control (First Time
Only)
• Check Spark Arrestor (If Equipped)
• Check Fuel Level
• Check For Fuel Leakage
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Batteries contain sulfuric acid. NEVER
allow battery fluid to come in contact
with clothing, skin or eyes. Severe
burns could result. ALWAYS wear
safety goggles and protective clothing
when servicing the battery. If contact
with the skin and / or eyes should
occur, flush with a large amount of
water and obtain prompt medical
treatment.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000007en
Check Battery (If Equipped)
A DANGER
EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• NEVER check the remaining battery
charge by shorting out the terminals.
This will result in a spark and may
cause an explosion or fire. Use a
hydrometer to check the remaining
battery charge.
• If the electrolyte is frozen, slowly warm
the battery before you recharge it.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000007en
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
(3)
(2)
(1)
0000067A
Figure 1
• When the amount of fluid nears the lower limit
(Figure 1, (1)), fill with distilled water
(Figure 1, (2)) so it is at the upper limit
(Figure 1, (3)). If operation continues with
insufficient battery fluid, the battery life is
shortened, and the battery may overheat and
explode. During the summer, check the fluid
level more often than specified.
• If the engine cranking speed is so slow that
the engine does not start, recharge the
battery.
Check Engine Oil Level
CAUTION
• Only use the engine oil specified.
Other engine oils may affect warranty
coverage, cause internal engine
components to seize, or shorten
engine life.
• Prevent dirt and debris from
contaminating the engine oil. Carefully
clean the oil cap / dipstick and the
surrounding area before you remove
the cap.
• NEVER mix different types of engine
oil. This may adversely affect the
lubricating properties of the engine oil.
• NEVER overfill. Overfilling may result
in white exhaust smoke, engine
overspeed or internal damage.
0000005en
CAUTION
• If the engine still will not start after charging,
have your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor check the battery
and the engine’s starting system.
If operating the machine where the ambient
temperature could drop to -10°C or less, remove
the battery from the machine at the end of the
day. Store the battery in a warm place until the
next use. This will help start the engine easily at
low ambient temperatures.
Check Battery Indicator (If Equipped)
Visually check the battery indicator (if equipped)
and any other indicator provided by the driven
machine manufacturer. See Indicators and
Controls – Electric Starter on page 17.
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
62
Before you operate the engine check the engine
oil level. See Checking Engine Oil on page 28.
L-N Operation Manual
Page 75
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Check For Engine Oil Leakage
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
Check Spark Arrestor (If Equipped)
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
Before you operate the engine check for any engine
oil leaks. If you discover an engine oil leak see your
authorized Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor to repair the engine.
Check Engine Speed Control (First Time Only)
Before you operate the driven machine for the first
time check the engine speed control. See the
instructions for your driven machine for proper
adjustments.
1. Check the engine speed control for smooth
operation and lubricate or clean as necessary.
2. Check engine speed control for proper
adjustments.
A clogged spark arrestor hinders exhaust gas flow
which reduces engine output, increases fuel
consumption, and makes starting difficult. Clean
the spark arrestor regularly.
Clean the spark arrestor (Figure 2, (1)) as follows:
1. Remove the locknut (Figure 2, (2)), end cap
(Figure 2, (3)) and diffuser discs (Figure 2, (4))
from the spark arrestor.
(4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
0001567A
L-N Operation Manual
Figure 2
63
Page 76
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
2. Clean any carbon deposits from the spark
arrestor.
3. Install the diffuser discs (Figure 2, (4)) and
end cap (Figure 2, (3)) on the spark arrestor
(Figure 2, (1)) and secure with the locknut
(Figure 2, (2)).
Check Fuel Level
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Only fill the fuel tank with diesel fuel.
Filling the fuel tank with gasoline may
result in a fire.
• NEVER refuel with the engine running.
• Wipe up all spills immediately.
• Keep sparks, open flames or any other
form of ignition (match, cigarette,
static electric source) away when
fueling / refueling.
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Be sure to place the diesel fuel
container on the ground when
transferring the diesel fuel from the
pump to the container. Hold the hose
nozzle firmly against the side of the
container while filling it. This prevents
static electricity build-up which could
cause sparks and ignite fuel vapors.
• NEVER place diesel fuel or other
flammable material such as oil, hay or
dried grass close to the engine during
engine operation or shortly after shut
down.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000014en
• NEVER overfill the fuel tank.
• Fill the fuel tank and store fuel in a
well-ventilated area only.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000005en
64
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Page 77
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Check For Fuel Leakage
A WARNING
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• Before you operate the engine, check
for fuel leaks. Replace rubberized fuel
hoses every two years or every 2000
hours of engine operation, whichever
comes first, even if the engine has
been out of service. Rubberized fuel
lines tend to dry out and become
brittle after two years or 2000 hours of
engine operation, whichever comes
first.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000015en
CAUTION
• Only use diesel fuels recommended by
Yanmar for the best engine
performance, to prevent engine
damage.
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
A WARNING
• Only use clean diesel fuel.
• NEVER remove inlet fuel screen from
the filler port. If removed, dirt and
debris could get into the fuel system
causing it to clog.
0000004enLV
Before you operate the engine check the fuel
level. See Filling the Fuel Tank on page 25.
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
L-N Operation Manual
65
Page 78
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
Before you operate the engine check for any fuel
leaks. NEVER use your hands! If you discover a
fuel leak see your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor to repair the engine.
Daily, After Operation
• Check For Engine Oil Leakage
• Check For Fuel Leakage
Check For Engine Oil Leakage
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
After you shut down the engine check for any
engine oil leaks. If you discover an engine oil leak
see your authorized Yanmar industrial engine
dealer or distributor to repair the engine.
66
L-N Operation Manual
Page 79
Check For Fuel Leakage
A WARNING
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
A WARNING
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
After you shut down the engine check for any fuel
leaks. NEVER use your hands! If you discover a
fuel leak see your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor to repair the engine.
BURN HAZARD!
• Keep your hands and other body parts
away from hot engine surfaces such
as the muffler, exhaust pipe,
turbocharger (if equipped) and engine
block during operation and shortly
after you shut the engine down. These
surfaces are extremely hot while the
engine is operating and could
seriously burn you.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000015en
L-N Operation Manual
67
Page 80
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
After Initial 50 Hours of Operation
Perform the following maintenance after the initial
50 hours of operation.
• Replace Engine Oil
• Clean / Inspect Engine Oil Filter
Replace Engine Oil
A WARNING
BURN HAZARD!
• If you must drain the engine oil while it
is still hot, stay clear of the hot engine
oil to avoid being scalded. Make sure
you wear eye protection.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000011en
A WARNING
SUDDEN MOVEMENT HAZARD!
• Allow the engine to warm up for at
least 5 minutes to allow the engine idle
speed to return to normal before
engaging the transmission or any PTO
attachments. Engaging the
transmission or PTO at an elevated
engine speed could result in an
unexpected movement of the
equipment.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000006en
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
CAUTION
• Only use the engine oil specified.
Other engine oils may affect warranty
coverage, cause internal engine
components to seize, or shorten
engine life.
• Prevent dirt and debris from
contaminating the engine oil. Carefully
clean the oil cap / dipstick and the
surrounding area before you remove
the cap.
• NEVER mix different types of engine
oil. This may adversely affect the
lubricating properties of the engine oil.
• NEVER overfill. Overfilling may result
in white exhaust smoke, engine
overspeed or internal damage.
0000005en
68
L-N Operation Manual
Page 81
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
The engine oil on a new engine becomes
contaminated from the initial break-in of internal
parts. The initial 50 hour oil change and filter
cleaning is very important.
Drain the engine oil as follows:
1. Make sure the engine is level.
2. Start the engine and bring it up to operating
temperature.
3. Stop the engine.
4. Remove the oil cap / dipstick (Figure 3, (1)) to
allow the engine oil to drain more easily.
(1)
Clean / Inspect Engine Oil Filter
(3) (2) (1)
0001123A
Figure 4
Clean / inspect the engine oil filter as follows:
1. Remove the oil filter retaining bolt
(Figure 4, (1)).
2. Pull the oil filter cap (Figure 4, (2)) out and
remove the oil filter (Figure 4, (3)).
3. Clean the oil filter or replace if damaged.
4. Install the oil filter (Figure 4, (3)).
(2)
(1)
(2)
0001119B
0001566B
Figure 3
5. Position a container under the engine to
collect waste oil.
6. Remove the drain plug located on the bottom
of the cylinder block (Figure 3, (2)). Allow oil
to drain.
7. After all oil has been drained from the engine,
install the drain plug (Figure 3, (2)) and
tighten to 19.6-23.5 N•m (2.0-2.4 kgf•m).
8. Dispose of used oil properly.
5. Make sure the oil filter cap is fully seated
(Figure 4, (2)).
6. Install and tighten the oil filter retaining bolt
(Figure 4, (1)).
Applicable Engine Oil Filter Part No.
L48N, L70N and L100N 114299-35110
7. Add new engine oil to the engine as specified
in Adding Engine Oil on page 28.
CAUTION
• NEVER overfill the engine with engine
oil.
• ALWAYS keep the oil level between the
upper and lower lines on the oil
cap / dipstick.
0000015en
8. Warm up the engine by running it for 5
minutes and check for any engine oil leaks.
9. After engine is warm, shut it off and let it sit for
10 minutes.
L-N Operation Manual
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Page 82
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Every 50 Hours of Operation
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(4)
0001119A
0001566A
Figure 5
10. Recheck the engine oil level by fully inserting,
but not screwing in, the dipstick.
11. Add engine oil (Figure 5, (4)) as needed until
the level is between the upper (Figure 5, (2))
and lower lines (Figure 5, (3)) on the oil cap /
dipstick (Figure 5, (1)).
12. Replace the oil cap / dipstick (Figure 5, (1))
and tighten by hand. Over-tightening may
damage the cap. If any engine oil is spilled,
wipe it away with a clean cloth.
Perform the following maintenance every 50
hours of operation.
• Clean Inlet Fuel Screen
Clean Inlet Fuel Screen
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• When you remove any fuel system
component to perform maintenance
(such as changing the fuel filter) place
an approved container under the
opening to catch the fuel.
• NEVER use a shop rag to catch the
fuel. Vapors from the rag are extremely
flammable and explosive.
• Wipe up any spills immediately.
• Wear eye protection. The fuel system
is under pressure and fuel could spray
out when you remove any fuel system
component.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000009en
70
1. Clean the area around the fuel cap
(Figure 6, (1)).
2. Remove the fuel cap (Figure 6, (1)) from the
fuel tank (Figure 6, (2)).
L-N Operation Manual
Page 83
Figure 6
(1)
(3)
(2)
0001552A
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Every 200 Hours of Operation
Perform the following maintenance every 200
hours of operation.
• Clean Air Cleaner Element
• Replace Engine Oil and Clean / Inspect
Engine Oil Filter
• Check Engine Speed Control
• Drain the Fuel Tank and Replace Outlet Fuel
Filter
3. Lift out the inlet fuel screen (Figure 6, (3)).
4. Clean the inlet fuel screen or replace if
damaged.
5. Install the inlet fuel screen (Figure 6, (3)).
6. Replace the fuel cap (Figure 6, (1)) and hand
tighten. Overtightening the fuel cap will
damage it.
Applicable Inlet Fuel Screen Part No.
L48N, L70N and L100N 114250-55100
Clean Air Cleaner Element
A CAUTION
FLYING OBJECT HAZARD!
• ALWAYS wear eye protection when
servicing the engine and when using
compressed air or high-pressure
water. Dust, flying debris, compressed
air, pressurized water or steam may
injure your eyes.
• Failure to comply may result in minor
or moderate injury.
0000003en
CAUTION
• When the engine is operated in dusty
conditions, clean the air cleaner
element more frequently.
L-N Operation Manual
• NEVER operate the engine with the air
cleaner or element(s) removed. This
may cause foreign material to enter the
engine and damage it.
0000026en
71
Page 84
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
The engine performance is adversely affected
when the air cleaner element is clogged with
dust. Be sure to clean the air filter element
periodically.
1. Remove the wing nut (Figure 7, (1)).
2. Remove the air cleaner cover (Figure 7, (2)).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
0001549A
Figure 7
3. Remove the wing nut (Figure 7, (3)).
4. Remove the air cleaner element
(Figure 7, (4)) and outer foam element
(Figure 7, (5)).
5. Blow air through both elements using 0.29−
2
0.49MPa (3.0−5.0kgf/cm
) compressed air to
remove the particulates. Use the lowest
possible air pressure to remove the dust
without damaging the elements.
6. If either element is damaged replace both of
them (they are not sold individually).
12. Install the wing nut (Figure 7, (1)) and hand
tighten. Overtightening the wing nut will
damage the air cleaner assembly.
Replace Engine Oil and Clean / Inspect Engine Oil Filter
CAUTION
• Only use the engine oil specified.
Other engine oils may affect warranty
coverage, cause internal engine
components to seize, or shorten
engine life.
• Prevent dirt and debris from
contaminating the engine oil. Carefully
clean the oil cap / dipstick and the
surrounding area before you remove
the cap.
• NEVER mix different types of engine
oil. This may adversely affect the
lubricating properties of the engine oil.
• NEVER overfill. Overfilling may result
in white exhaust smoke, engine
overspeed or internal damage.
0000005en
Applicable Air Cleaner Element Part No.
L48N 114250-12581
L70N and L100N 114210-12590
7. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cover
(Figure 7, (2)).
8. Install the air cleaner element (Figure 7, (4))
into the air cleaner case.
9. Slide the outer foam element (Figure 7, (5))
over the air cleaner element (Figure 7, (4)).
10. Install the wing nut (Figure 7, (3)) and hand
tighten. Overtightening the wing nut will
damage the air cleaner assembly.
11. Install the air cleaner cover (Figure 7, (2)).
72
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PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
Change the engine oil every 200 hours of
operation after the initial change at 50 hours.
Clean and inspect the engine oil filter at the same
time. See Replace Engine Oil on page 68.
Check Engine Speed Control
Drain the Fuel Tank and Replace Outlet Fuel Filter
A DANGER
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• Diesel fuel is extremely flammable and
explosive under certain conditions.
• When you remove any fuel system
component to perform maintenance
(such as changing the fuel filter) place
an approved container under the
opening to catch the fuel.
• NEVER use a shop rag to catch the
fuel. Vapors from the rag are extremely
flammable and explosive.
• Wipe up any spills immediately.
• Wear eye protection. The fuel system
is under pressure and fuel could spray
out when you remove any fuel system
component.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000009en
After you operate the engine for 200 hours, check
the engine speed control. See the instructions for
your driven machine for proper adjustments.
1. Check the engine speed control for smooth
operation and lubricate or clean as
necessary.
2. Check engine speed control for proper
adjustments.
L-N Operation Manual
73
Page 86
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
4. Loosen the fuel cock nuts (Figure 9, (1)) on
either side of the fuel cock (Figure 9, (2)).
5. Remove and discard the O-ring
(Figure 9, (3)).
6. Pull the outlet fuel filter (Figure 9, (4)) and
gasket (Figure 9, (5)) out of the fuel tank filler
port (Figure 9, (6)).
(4)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(2)
1. Position an approved container under the fuel
tank to collect the fuel.
2. Remove the fuel cap (Figure 8, (1)).
3. Remove the fuel tank drain plug
(Figure 8, (2)) and gasket (Figure 8, (3)) to
drain the fuel.
(1)
(3)
(2)
0001569A
Figure 8
(1)
0001568A
Figure 9
7. Install a new outlet fuel filter (Figure 9, (4))
and gasket (Figure 9, (5)) through the fuel
tank filler port (Figure 9, (6)) and seat in the
fuel tank.
Applicable Outlet Fuel Filter Part No.
L48N, L70N and L100N 114250-55121
Applicable O-Ring Part No.
L48N, L70N and L100N 24341-000150
8. Install a new O-ring (Figure 9, (3)) on the fuel
cock (Figure 9, (2)) and fasten the assembly
to the fuel tank using the fuel cock nuts
(Figure 9, (1)).
9. Tighten the fuel tank drain plug (Figure 8, (2))
with new gasket (Figure 8, (3)).
74
L-N Operation Manual
Page 87
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
10. Replace the fuel cap (Figure 8, (1)) and hand
tighten. Overtightening the fuel cap will
damage it. Refill fuel tank. See Filling the Fuel
Tank on page 25. Perform the following maintenance every 400
Every 400 Hours of Operation
hours of operation.
• Adjust Intake and Exhaust Valve Clearance
Adjust Intake and Exhaust Valve Clearance
A WARNING
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
Proper operation of the intake and exhaust valves
is required to obtain optimum engine
performance. See your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor for this
service.
L-N Operation Manual
75
Page 88
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Every 1000 Hours of Operation Every 1500 Hours of Operation
Perform the following maintenance every 1000
hours of operation.
• Check Compression
Check Compression
Checking the engine compression is required
every 1000 hours to obtain optimum engine
performance. See your authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or distributor for this
service.
Perform the following maintenance every 1500
hours of operation.
• Inspect, Clean and Test Fuel Injection
Nozzle
Inspect, Clean and Test Fuel Injection Nozzle
A WARNING
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD!
• Avoid skin contact with the high
pressure diesel fuel spray caused by a
fuel system leak such as a broken fuel
injection line. High pressure fuel can
penetrate your skin and result in
serious injury. If you are exposed to
high pressure fuel spray, obtain
prompt medical treatment.
• NEVER check for a fuel leak with your
hands. ALWAYS use a piece of wood
or cardboard. Have your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor repair the damage.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000008en
Proper operation of the fuel injectors is required
to obtain the optimum injection pattern for full
engine performance. The injectors should be
inspected, cleaned and tested every 1500 hours.
See your authorized Yanmar industrial engine
dealer or distributor for this service.
76
L-N Operation Manual
Page 89
Every 2000 Hours of Operation
Perform the following maintenance every 2000
hours of operation.
• Check and Replace Fuel Hoses
CAUTION
Be environmentally responsible. Follow
these procedures for hazardous waste
disposal. Failure to follow these
procedures may seriously harm the
environment.
• Follow the guidelines of the
governmental agency for the proper
disposal of hazardous materials such
as engine oil, diesel fuel and engine
coolant. Consult the local authorities
or reclamation facility.
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
• NEVER dispose of hazardous
materials irresponsibly by dumping
them into a sewer, on the ground or
into ground water or waterways.
0000013en
Check and Replace Fuel Hoses
Regularly check the fuel system hoses. If they are
cracked or degraded, replace them. Replace the
hoses at least every two years, or 2000 hours,
whichever occurs first. Consult your authorized
Yanmar industrial engine dealer or distributor to
replace fuel system hoses.
L-N Operation Manual
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Page 90
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
78
L-N Operation Manual
Page 91
TROUBLESHOOTING
L-N Operation Manual
If a problem occurs, stop the engine immediately.
Refer to the SYMPTOM column in the
Troubleshooting Chart to identify the problem.
CAUTION
If any indicator fails to illuminate when
the key switch is in the ON position, see
your authorized Yanmar industrial
engine dealer or distributor for service
before operating the engine.
0000028en
If any indicator illuminates during
engine operation stop the engine
immediately. Determine the cause and
repair the problem before you continue
to operate the engine.
CAUTION
0000029en
TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE ACTION REFER TO
Indicator Turns On - Engine Running
Engine oil pressure indicator (If
equipped)
Battery Indicator • Battery failure • Check battery condition Check Indicators on
Indicator Does Not Turn On - Key Switch is Turned to ON (OFF → ON)
• Low level of engine oil
• Too high an oil level
• Clogged engine oil filter • Replace engine oil filter
• Faulty dynamo • See authorized Yanmar
• Faulty electrical wiring or
faulty indicator
• Check and adjust oil level as
necessary
element
industrial engine dealer or
distributor
• See authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or
distributor
Checking Engine
Oil on page 28
Replace Engine Oil on
page 68
page 30
—
—
L-N Operation Manual
79
Page 92
TROUBLESHOOTING
SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE ACTION REFER TO
Indicator Stays On - Key Switch is Turned from Start to ON (START → ON)
• Battery indicator stays On • Faulty alternator • See authorized Yanmar
• Engine oil pressure indicator
stays On
Engine Does Not Start
• Starter motor operates but
engine does not start
• Starter motor does not
operate or rotates too slowly
(engine can be turned
manually)
• Engine cannot be manually
turned
White or Black Exhaust Smoke
• Black exhaust smoke • Engine overloaded • Reduce load —
• Faulty engine oil pressure
switch
• No diesel fuel • Refuel fuel system Filling the Fuel
• Improper diesel fuel • Replace with recommended
• Clogged fuel filter • Replace fuel filter Drain the Fuel Tank
• Poor fuel injection • See authorized Yanmar
• Compressed air leakage from
intake / exhaust valves
• Faulty engine stop solenoid (if
equipped)
• Battery needs charging • Check electrolyte, recharge Check Battery (If
• Faulty cable connection at
• battery terminals
• Faulty starter switch • See authorized Yanmar
• Faulty starter motor —
• Inner parts seized or damaged —
• Clogged air cleaner element • Clean element or replace Clean Air Cleaner
• Improper diesel fuel • Replace with recommended
• Faulty spraying of fuel
injection
• Excessive intake / exhaust
valve clearance
industrial engine dealer or
distributor
Tank on page 25
Diesel Fuel
diesel fuel
industrial engine dealer or
distributor
• Clean terminals, retighten —
industrial engine dealer or
distributor
diesel fuel
• See authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or
distributor
Specifications on
page 24
and Replace Outlet
Fuel Filter on page 73
Equipped) on page 61
Element on page 71
Diesel Fuel
Specifications on
page 24
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
80
L-N Operation Manual
Page 93
TROUBLESHOOTING
SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE ACTION REFER TO
• White exhaust smoke • Improper diesel fuel • Replace with recommended
• Faulty spray pattern of fuel
injection
• Fuel injection timing delay —
• Engine burning oil —
diesel fuel
• See authorized Yanmar
industrial engine dealer or
distributor
TROUBLESHOOTING INFORMATION
If your engine does not operate properly, refer to
the troubleshooting chart or consult your
authorized Yanmar industrial engine dealer or
distributor.
Supply the authorized Yanmar industrial engine
dealer or distributor with the following information:
Diesel Fuel
Specifications on
page 24
—
• Model name and serial number of your
engine
• The driven machine type (tractor, generator,
skid steer loader), manufacturers name,
model and serial number
• How long the engine has been in service (the
number of engine hours or the number of
calendar months)
• Operating conditions when problem occurs:
Engine rpm
Color of exhaust smoke
Type of diesel fuel
Type of engine oil
Any abnormal noises or vibration
Operating environment such as high
altitude or extreme ambient temperatures,
etc.
• Engine maintenance history and previous
problems
• Other factors that contribute to the problem
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Page 94
TROUBLESHOOTING
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
82
L-N Operation Manual
Page 95
LONG TERM
STORAGE
L-N Operation Manual
This section of the Operation Manual describes
the procedures necessary to place the engine
into long term storage (six months or longer) and
how to place it back into operation.
A WARNING
BEFORE YOU PLACE THE ENGINE IN LONG TERM STORAGE
A DANGER
EXPLOSION HAZARD!
• NEVER check the remaining battery
charge by shorting out the terminals.
This will result in a spark and may
cause an explosion or fire. Use a
hydrometer to check the remaining
battery charge.
• If the electrolyte is frozen, slowly warm
the battery before you recharge it.
• Failure to comply will result in death or
serious injury.
0000007en
BURN HAZARD!
• Batteries contain sulfuric acid. NEVER
allow battery fluid to come in contact
with clothing, skin or eyes. Severe
burns could result. ALWAYS wear
safety goggles and protective clothing
when servicing the battery. If contact
with the skin and / or eyes should
occur, flush with a large amount of
water and obtain prompt medical
treatment.
• Failure to comply could result in death
or serious injury.
0000007en
L-N Operation Manual
83
Page 96
LONG TERM STORAGE
A CAUTION
FLYING OBJECT HAZARD!
• ALWAYS wear eye protection when
servicing the engine and when using
compressed air or high-pressure
water. Dust, flying debris, compressed
air, pressurized water or steam may
injure your eyes.
• Failure to comply may result in minor
or moderate injury.
0000003en
CAUTION
Protect the air cleaner, and electric
components from damage when you
use steam or use high-pressure water to
clean the engine.
0000014en
1. Perform the next Periodic Maintenance
procedure. For example, if there are 10 hours
before the 200 hour maintenance, you should
do the maintenance before you place the
engine in storage. See the Periodic
Maintenance Schedule on page 59.
2. Start the engine. Allow the engine to idle, or
run without load if there is no idle position in
your application, for approximately 3 minutes
and then stop the engine.
3. Drain the engine oil while the engine is still
warm and fill with new oil. See Replace
Engine Oil on page 68.
4. Recoil start engines:
(a) Push the decompression lever down and
hold it while slowly pulling the recoil starter
2 or 3 times. Do not start the engine.
(b) Pull the decompression lever up. Pull the
recoil starter slowly and stop when there is
resistance. This procedure closes the
intake and exhaust valves in the
compression position and helps prevent
rust.
5. Electric start engines:
(a) Set the decompression lever at the non-
compression position. Do not move the
speed control lever to the START or RUN
position.
(b) Turn the key to the start position and turn
the engine for 2 to 3 seconds. Do not start
the engine.
(c) Pull the decompression lever up.
6. Drain the fuel tank or make sure it is
completely full.
7. Protect the air cleaner, muffler and electrical
components (dynamo, starter motor,
switches) from water and dust.
8. Disconnect the negative (-) battery cable to
prevent the battery from discharging.
9. Check the battery fluid and add distilled water
as required.
10. Charge the battery once a month during
storage.
11. Clean the engine and store it in a dry place.
12. Rotate the engine without starting every four
to six months.
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RETURNING THE ENGINE TO SERVICE
1. Perform the Daily Checks on page 29.
2. Start the engine. Allow the engine to idle, or
run without load if there is no idle position in
your application, for approximately 5 to 10
minutes while you check for:
(a) proper oil pressure.
(b) fuel, engine oil, or coolant leaks.
(c) proper operation of the indicators and / or
gauges (if equipped).
3. Avoid prolonged operation at minimum or
maximum engine speeds and loads for the
remainder of the first hour of operation.
LONG TERM STORAGE
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LONG TERM STORAGE
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SPECIFICATIONS
L-N Operation Manual
GENERAL
Description of Model Number
1234567891011
L 4 8
L 7 0
L 1 0 0
N6AF1T1AAS1
Remarks (Big Oilpan, Special
Specifications, etc.)
Fan Case
FO Tank and FO Pump
Muffler
Speed Control Device
Air Cleaner
Engine Speed Specifications
AVAILABLE ENGINE SPEED INTENDED USES
2500 ~ 3450 rpm (min
3600 rpm (min
-1
) Agricultural, Constructive, Industrial Machines
-1
) Generator Sets, Pumps
Starting Motor + Recoil
PTO + Flange
RPM
Emission Controlled or Not
Base Name
L-N Operation Manual
87
Page 100
SPECIFICATIONS
Engine General Specifications
Type Vertical, Air Cooled, 4-Cycle Diesel Engine
Combustion System Direct Injection
Starting System Electric Starting and/or Recoil Starting
Cooling System Fan on Flywheel
Lubricating System Forced Lubrication With Trochoid Pump
Direction of Rotation Counterclockwise Viewed from PTO Side
Notes:
1. The information described in Principal Engine Specifications is for a “standard” engine. To obtain the
information for the engine installed in your driven machine, please refer to the manual provided by
the driven machine manufacturer.
2. Engine rating conditions are as follows (SAE J1349, ISO 3046/1):
• Atmospheric Condition: Room temperature 25°C, Atmospheric pressure 100 kPa (750mm Hg),
Relative humidity 30%
• Fuel Temperature at Fuel Injector Pump Inlet: 40°C
• With Cooling Fan, Air Cleaner, Muffler: Yanmar Standard
• After Engine Break-In Period. Output Allowable Deviation: ± 3%
• 1 PS = 0.7355 kW
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L-N Operation Manual
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