Yanmar EF494T Operator's Manual
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
DIESEL TRACTOR
EF494T
Original instructions
en
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SAFETY
Never attempt to operate or service this machine until you have first read and
understood all of the applicable Safety Instructions that are set forth in this
Manual.
The failure to comply with all relevant Safety Instructions could result in bodily
injury.
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TO THE OWNER
This instruction manual describes how to maintain your tractor in good condition and how to
operate it safely and correctly. Please read this manual carefully before using the tractor. Keep
this manual close to your tractor, after you have read through it. If you lose or damage this
manual, ask your YANMAR dealer for a new manual right away.
IMPROVEMENT
Sometimes parts are changed to improve or upgrade the features of the tractor, or for other
reasons. Therefore, the parts shown in this manual may not apply to your tractor.
Note:
All data are subject to change without prior warning. Some illustrations and photographs
may show optional accessories.
A Roll-over Protective Structure (ROPS) is optional.
SYMBOLS USED
1. Safety-alert Symbol
This is the safety-alert symbol. When you see
this symbol on your tractor or in this manual, be
alert to the possibility of personal injury and
carefully read the messages that follow.
2. Signal Words
The signal words "DANGER" "WARNING"
"CAUTION" are used with the safety-alert symbol.
(1) "DANGER" indicates an imminently hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, will result in death
or serious injury.
(2) "WARNING" indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
(3) "CAUTION" indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in
minor or moderate injury.
3. Service instructions
(1) This stop symbol indicates important proper
operation or service messages in this manual.
When you see this symbol, carefully read the
messages that follow.
IMPORTANT
(2) “NOTE” describes precautions to take while
working.
NOTE
4. Measurements
This tractor is of metric design. All hardware are
therefore metric (ISO). Make sure to use the
specified metric hardware when service becomes
necessary.
5. Direction
Right-hand and Left-hand sides of the tractor are
determined by facing in the direction of the tractor
forward travel.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 1
AFTER SALES SERVICE AND WARRANTY 15
After sales service 15
Availability of spare parts 15
PART NAMES 19
SAFETY LABEL LOCATION 21
FUNCTION OF EACH CONTROL 22
Engine 22
Traveling, PTO related functions 23
Hydraulic system 26
Others 29
PRE-OPERATION CHECKS 30
1. Pre-operation checks 30
2. Breaking in the engine (first 50 hours) 34
3. Starting and stopping engine 34
4. Raising or lowering implement 36
5. Adjusting lowering speed for implement 36
6. Starting and stopping 37
7. Traveling on the load 38
8. Traveling on the slope 39
9. Power steering 39
10. Driving in and out of Fields 40
11. Setting an adequate speed 40
12. Turning in a field 41
13. Position control 41
14. Using differential lock 41
15. Loading and unloading 42
16. Adjusting wheel tread 42
17. Hydraulic output 44
18. Using 3-point link 45
19. Adjusting top link 46
20. Mounting general farm implements 47
21. Notes on using service implement 48
22. Using PTO shift lever 49
23. Using drawbar hitch 49
24. Safety frame (ROPS) 50
AFTER OPERATION 51
1. After operation 51
2. Opening the bonnet and side covers 51
3. Checking and supplying fuel 52
4. Care for long period of storage 53
PERIODIC INSPECTION AND ADJUSTMENT 54
1. Check intervals 55
2. Oil and grease 56
3. Oil and water volume 56
4. Replacing oil 56
5. Replacing oil filter elements 58
6. Engine coolant 59
7. Fuel line 60
8. Replacing radiator screen and air cleaner elements 61
9. Checking battery 62
10. Checking fluid lines 63
11. Checking electrical wiring 63
12. Greasing 64
13. Adjusting brake 67
14. Adjusting clutch 68
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15. Adjusting steering wheel 68
16. Adjusting fan belt 69
17. Adjusting tow-in 69
18. Replacing fuse 70
19. Checking tires 71
20. Color of exhaust gas 71
TROUBLESHOOTING 72
1. Engine parts 72
2. Clutch, brake and related parts 73
3. Hydraulic system 73
4. Electric system 73
SPECIFICATIONS 74
IMPLEMENT CAPACITIES 75
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
DANGER
Read these instructions carefully.
Important instructions are given for the safe operation
and servicing of the tractor.
Failure to follow these instructions is likely to result in an
accident involving death or serious injury.
STUDY THE TRACTOR AND IMPLEMENTS
Do not permit anyone unfamiliar with the tractor or the
operations of its implements to use the machine.
The operator’s manual should be considered a
permanent part of the tractor and should remain with the
tractor.
Know the positions and functions of all controls and the
meaning of any identification symbols on your controls,
gauges, and indicators before attempting to operate the
tractor.
Know how to stop the engine in an emergency.
Make sure you understand the capabilities, operating
characteristics and limitations of the tractor and
implement, such as maximum ballast weight, hydraulic
lifting capacity, speed, turning radius, operating
clearances etc.
Do not add extra ballast weight to compensate for a load
that is too heavy.
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PROTECT OPERATOR SAFELY
Install an approved Roll-over Protective Structure
(ROPS) for safe operation. If a tractor rolls over without
a ROPS, death or serious injury is likely.
Always fasten the seat belt while operating the tractor
with Roll-over Protective Structure (ROPS) up.
Do not use the seat belt if the foldable Roll-over
Protective Structure (ROPS) is in the folded position or
the tractor does not have the Roll-over Protective
Structure (ROPS).
Extreme caution is required when operating a tractor
around trees or other overhead obstructions, such as
guy wires or power lines. Interference between the
ROPS and these obstructions may cause the tractor to
tip backwards.
Do not modify any structural portions of the ROPS by
welding, bending, grinding or cutting them. If any
component of the ROPS is damaged or involved in a
rollover incident, replace it with a complete new cage.
Do not attempt to repair the original one. Damaged or
modified structural parts impair the strength of the
ROPS and may lead to injury.
Avoid loose fitting or baggy clothing, torn clothing,
bulging pockets, frayed edges or heavy cuffs. Loose
frayed and bulky clothing can easily become entangled
in rotating parts. Wear work clothes and work shoes or
boots. Also you may need a: SAFETY HELMET,
SAFETY SHOES, EYE PROTECTION, HEAVY DUTY
GLOVES, HEARING PROTECTION, REFLECTIVE
CLOTHING, OR A RESPIRATOR/FILTER MASK.
Wear whatever safety gear and clothing is necessary for
the job.
Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause impairment
or permanent loss of hearing. Wear a suitable hearing
protective device such as ear protectors or earplugs to
protect against objectionable or uncomfortable noise.
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BEFORE OPERATING
Do not operate the tractor when tired, sick, sleepy,
drunk, feeling overworked, taking medicine, pregnant,
suffering from mental disease or if other improper
conditions are present. These conditions impair a
person’s skill and judgment. When you begin feeling
tired while operating the tractor, take a 10-minute break
to stretch, walk about, lie down or snack. Do not
continue if you still feel tired after taking a break.
Remove oil, grease or mud from the hand rails, steps,
pedals, controls, and floor to avoid slips or loss of
control.
In winter, scrape off any ice or snow on the handrails,
steps, pedals, controls, and floor .
To attach or remove an implement, refer to the
implement and tractor manufacturer’s manuals for the
proper procedures.
To unhitch an implement, move to a level area, lower the
implement to the ground and then block the equipment
in position before unhitching. If an implement has
wheels, block them to prevent it from rolling.
Make sure
(1) The tractor and implements are in good condition
and properly adjusted.
(2) To check for loosened bolts, adequate lubricants,
damaged or under-inflated tires, safety shields and
devices, steering and braking linkages, hydraulic
leaks, etc. Refer to this manual for more detailed
information.
(3) That implements are properly attached and hooked
up. Check that the PTO U-joint yoke and locking
devices are securely latched on their shafts.
(4) That the tractor’s PTO speed matches the
implement’s specifications.
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STARTING
START THE ENGINE SAFELY
If you operate the engine inside a closed building, be
sure there is plenty of ventilation before starting the
engine. Exhaust fumes are poisonous. Carbon
monoxide is especially dangerous because it is odorless
and colorless. You can easily be overcome without
realizing it.
Always stay near the tractor and keep the parking brake
set securely while warming it up.
Only start the engine from the operator’s seat. Never
start the engine while standing on the ground.
Before you start the engine:
(1) Sit in the operator’s seat and adjust the seat position
if necessary.
(2) Make sure the ROPS is in working condition and
seat belt securely fastened.
(3) Lower any implement to the ground.
(4) Place speed shift lever and the PTO switch in
neutral.
(5) Set the parking brake.
(6) Disengage the PTO for the neutral position.
(7) Check all the instruments, gauges and indicator
lights.
(8) Be sure everyone is clear of the tractor and
implement.
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DURING OPERATION
OPERATE THE TRACTOR SAFELY
Keep people and pets a safe distance away when
starting and operating the tractor and implement.
Do not permit any person other than the operator to ride
or board the tractor or implements, including any
wagons.
Do not play games with the tractor.
Never allow children to ride on your lap.
Do not touch the muffler, radiator, engine or other high
temperature parts before they have cooled down
completely.
Do not try to get on or off a moving tractor or
implements. Always use the handrails and steps and
face the tractor when getting on and off.
Never use control levers as a handhold and never step
on foot controls when getting on and off.
Do not get on the tractor with wet or greasy hands, or
muddy shoes. Do not jump off the tractor. Be aware of
slippery conditions on the ground.
Make sure you check the connecting points on your
equipment.
Keep hands, feet and clothing away from power-driven
parts. Keep others away from articulated joints, hitches,
drawbar, lift arms, PTO drives, cylinders, and anything
else that moves.
Never stand, or allow anyone else to stand, between the
tractor and an implement, unless the engine is turned off
and the parking brake is engaged securely.
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OPERATE THE TRACTOR SAFELY (continued)
Oversized implements are dangerous for tractor
operation and are not safe for you. Refer to the
implement’s operator manual for the minimum and
maximum horsepower requirements and weights that
are allowed.
When using a heavy implement in front, always install
ballast or an implement on the rear for safe, stable
steering control.
When using a heavy implement on a rear 3-point hitch,
always install ballast or an implement on the front for
safe, stable steering control.
Slow the tractor down when crossing rough ground, tall
grass or weeds. Rocks, holes and stumps may be
hidden in the brush.
Do not let your tractor bounce. Y ou may lose steering
control.
Never use the tractor to round up farm animals.
Do not allow the tractor to coast downhill with the clutch
in, or with the gear shift in neutral.
When operating the tractor on a slope, set the wheel
tread as wide as possible for maximum stability, reduce
the engine speed and avoid quick application of the
brakes or sharp turns.
Stay off hills and slopes which are too steep.
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AVOID TIPPING OVER
When starting the tractor on an uphill slope, shift to as
low a gear as possible and reduce the engine speed to
avoid tipping over backward.
Do not drive near the edge of a gully or a steep
embankment. Avoid holes, ditches, etc. which may
cause the tractor to tip over, especially on hillsides or
steep slopes.
When operating on slopes or rough uneven ground, it is
important to have as much distance as possible
between the wheels. Operate the tractor carefully at the
lowest speed.
Do not pull carts etc. from the top link or the top link
hinge, rear axle, or any point above the drawbar. Doing
so could cause the tractor to tip over backward. Only
attach items to be pulled to the drawbar.
Use care when pulling loads or installing a heavy
implement.
(1) Only use approved hitch points.
(2) Limit loads to those which you can control safely.
(3) Limit travel speeds so that you can control the tractor
safely.
(4) Do not turn too quickly.
(5) Use care when backing up.
(6) Install the amount of ballast recommended in the
operator’s manual.
Driving forward out of ditch or in muddy conditions, or up
a steep slope, could cause the tractor to tip over
backward. If the mud is deep enough it will keep the
wheels from turning. Then, the tractor will rotate up and
back around the axle very quickly. When stuck in muddy
conditions, do not remove the implement or ballast
weight. Always back out.
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STAY CLEAR OF THE PTO
The PTO shaft safety guard (A) should be installed when
the PTO system is not in use.
Make sure that the tractor PTO speed matches the
implement’s required PTO speed.
Do not drive or operate the implement beyond the
tractor’s PTO speed.
Stop the engine and be sure the PTO has stopped
moving before:
(1) Connecting or disconnecting the PTO shaft.
(2) Making any adjustment to the PTO drive or 3-point
hitch.
(3) Adjusting, cleaning or servicing PTO driven
implements.
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TRANSPORTING
Raise all implements and place them in the locked-fortransport position.
Do not drive the tractor on the road with implements in
motion.
Couple the brake pedals together for travel at road
speeds. (This only applies to models with two brake
pedals.)
Do not make sharp turns at road speeds.
Always dim your headlights when another vehicle is
coming toward you. Keep the lights adjusted so that they
will not blind the driver of another vehicle.
Before going down a steep hill, shift to the lowest speed
in order to control tractor with the least braking possible.
Do not coast downhill.
Do not stop or start suddenly when going uphill or
downhill.
When loading (or unloading) the tractor onto a vehicle,
use care as follows:
(1) Use a strong loading ramp or loading dock.
(2) Use the lowest reverse speed and drive up the
loading ramp backward.
(3) Set the parking brake and place wheel blocks firmly
under the vehicle’s wheels.
(4) Do not try to drive onto a trailer from the bank of a
ditch.
Secure the tractor and any other load with chains. Be
sure they are tight.
If chains are not available, use rope, wire, blocks, or a
winch cable. Check the load after traveling a few
kilometers, and every 100 km thereafter, to make sure
that the ties are not coming loose. Also, check after
rough bumps in the road.
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TOWING
When towing a load that weighs more than the tractor,
the trailer should have its own brakes. When towing,
drive slowly, avoid hills and apply the brakes gently.
A safety chain will help control an implement being
pulled if it accidentally separates from the drawbar while
traveling. Using appropriate adapter parts, attach the
chain to the tractor drawbar support or to some other
specified anchor location. Leave only enough slack in
the chain to permit turning.
Do not tow the tractor faster than the tractor’s maximum
travel speed in the highest gear, and never more than 25
km/h (16 mph).
Check local regulations concerning towing. Towing is
illegal in some countries.
AFTER THE DAY’S OPERATION
PARK THE TRACTOR SAFELY
Park tractor on a firm level surface.
When parking the tractor, couple the brake pedals
together and set the parking brake securely. When you
must park on a slope, position the tractor at a right angle
to the slope and set the parking brake securely. Then,
block both the front and rear wheels.
Take all possible precautions as follows when leaving
tractor unattended:
(1) Disengage the PTO and lower any implement to the
ground.
(2) Move all shift levers to neutral.
(3) Couple the brake pedals together and set the parking
brake lever.
(4) Run the engine for 2 to 3 minutes at one-third throttle
speed and no load in order to cool it.
(5) Stop the engine and remove the key.
(6) Cycle the hydraulic controls to eliminate any residual
pressure.
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MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
AVOID EXPLOSIONS OR FIRES
Refuel the tractor when the engine is cool and in a wellventilated area, preferably outside.
Never fill the fuel tank with the engine running.
Be sure to use the correct type and grade of fuel.
Keep all sparks, flames and smoking materials well
away while handling fuel.
Ground the fuel funnel or nozzle against the filler neck
on the tractor to prevent sparks.
Do not overfill the tank or spill the fuel. If fuel is spilled,
wipe it up immediately. Install the fuel tank cap securely
after refueling.
Be sure there is plenty of ventilation before charging the
battery. Gas produced while charging the battery is
explosive.
Keep all sparks, flames, and smoking materials well
away from battery. Hydrogen gas at a concentration as
low as 7 per cent can explode in the presence of a spark
or open flame and spatter acid.
Use a flashlight to check the battery electrolyte level.
Never use an open flame or match to check.
Keep the engine clean and free of grass, leaves, or
excessive grease.
Let the engine cool down before storing the tractor in an
enclosure or covering it with a sheet.
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MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE (continued)
Do not service the tractor while it is in motion or while
the engine is running.
Before servicing the tractor, always set the parking
brake, block the wheels, lower the implement, release all
hydraulic pressure and place all the controls in neutral.
Use only the correct tools and equipment.
Unauthorized modification to the tractor may impair its
function, create an unsafe situation and reduce the
tractor’s useful working life.
Do not use substitute parts that may not meet the
strength and design requirements or may not fit the
tractor.
Do not use repair parts not approved by YANMAR.
Remove the radiator cap only when the coolant
temperature is low. Wait at least one hour after
operation, to allow the coolant to cool down.
Cover the radiator cap with a cloth before opening it and
release the pressure gradually before completely
removing the cap.
Do not service the hydraulic system when the hydraulic
oil is hot.
Do not set the relief valve pressure higher than stated in
the tractor or implement specifications.
Do not close off the overflow or bypass lines.
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MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE (continued)
Hydraulic oil or diesel fuel escaping under pressure can
penetrate the skin and cause serious injury. Before
disconnecting any lines, be sure to relieve all pressure.
Before applying pressure, be sure all connections are
tight and all components are in good condition.
Fluid escaping under pressure from a very small hole
can be almost invisible. Wear safety goggles for eye
protection and use a piece of cardboard to check for
suspected leaks. Do not use your hands. If injured by
escaping fluid, see a doctor at once. Serious infections
and other problems can develop if proper medical
treatment is not administered immediately.
Disconnect the battery ground cable before working on
the electrical system or working in any area where you
might come into contact with electrical components.
Disconnect the ground cable first and reconnect it last.
The sulfuric acid in a battery is poisonous. It can destroy
clothing and burn the skin. Wear eye protection and
rubber gloves when filling the battery. If you spill acid on
yourself, flush your skin with water and apply baking
soda or lime to neutralize the acid. Then seek medical
attention right away. If acid is swallowed, get medical
attention immediately!
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Storage
Whenever the tractor will not be used for a few months,
do the following:
(1) Drain the fuel tank.
(2) Lower any implement still attached.
(3) Set the parking brake and block the wheels.
(4) Remove the battery and store it in a cool, dry place,
out of the reach of children.
CAUTION
ALWAYS BE ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE
Follow the guidelines of the governmental agency for
the proper disposal of hazardous materials such as
engine oil, diesel fuel, engine coolant and, machine
fluid, grease.
NEVER dispose of hazardous materials
irresponsibly by dumping them into a sewer, on the
ground, or into groundwater or waterways.
Failure to follow these procedures may seriously
harm the environment.
Comply with legal regulations and guidelines for
disposal of: empty containers for fuel, cooling water
(coolant), oil, grease; fuel/oil filters; batteries;
machine itself; machine accessories; and packaging
materials.
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AFTER SALES SERVICE AND WARRANTY
After sales service
If your tractor is not working normally, refer to the
troubleshooting section in this manual. You can also
consult with your service representative.
Information needed when asking for service:
Model name and serial number (A) of your tractor.
Engine type number (B)
Operating conditions. What type of work was being
performed when the problem occurred?
How long have you used your tractor? (total hours of
operation)
Any other information about the problem that has
occurred.
Availability of spare parts
Maintenance parts and spare parts will be available for
10 years after the production of this tractor series has
been discontinued. However, special parts will be
available subject to consultation. Yanmar may be able to
supply a particular part after the normal supply period.
(A) Tractor serial number
(B) Engine type number
(A)
(B)
PURPOSE OF THIS MACHINE
This machine is designed to be operated with a various
implement for particular tasks and for pulling a trailer in
a variety of agricultural operations. Other use or
modification is prohibited.
Orientation and Position Marks
A right-hand and Left-hand side of the machine is
determined by facing in the direction of the machine
forward travel.
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FUSE BOX
(1) The alternator fuse (60A) and main fuse (60A) are of
slow blow type. When any of these has been blown,
contact your local YANMAR dealer.
(A) Main fuse: 60A
(B) Alternator fuse: 60A
(2) The electrical fuses are in the engine compartment.
Use of fuse other than a correctly rated one way may
cause damage to the electrical system.
Replace the blow fuse with a new fuse of the same
amperage rating.
START : Starter motor 5A
WORK : Working light 5A
TURN : Turn signal light 5A
TAIL : Tail light 5A
HEAD : Head light 15A
HORN : Horn 5A
FUEL : Fuel pump 5A
ENG : Timer relay 5A
IND : Indicator light 5A
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WARNING
You must carefully note the length of the bolts when you
install Yanmar recommended implements and
equipment behind the transmission case.
1. First, it is necessary to measure the thickness of the
parts. Then use bolts whose length includes the
extra measured thickness.
2. When the original part is removed and a different
part is installed, it is necessary to measure
difference in thickness of the two parts and change
the length of the bolts appropriately.
If you don’t use appropriate consideration of these
issues, you will damage the transmission case and
create a dangerous situation.
Aluminum cases
Reference
The bolt length “B” in the case must be 2.0 times the
diameter of “A”.
For casting metal cases, rear axles, etc.,
The bolt length “B” in the case must be 1.5 times the
diameter “A”.
D: Transmission case
Cast metal cases
When you install part “a” behind the
transmission case, use bolts whose length
includes measurement “C”.
CAUTION
Do not try to adjust engine speed adjuster screw (A)
located on engine fuel injection pump. Any accident
or failure resulting from adjusting the screw would
not be covered by Yanmar's guarantee.
Do not try to unseal and adjust engine fuel injection
pump (B). Any accident or failure resulting from
adjusting the pump would not be covered by
Yanmar's guarantee.
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WARNING
Do not move the tractor if the wheel mounting bolts
or nuts are loose. If the tractor is driven with loose
nuts or bolts, there is a possibility that an accident
will occur.
Make daily and periodic wheel inspections to check
for loose nuts and bolts on the wheels. If they are
loose, retighten them to the specified torque.
IMPORTANT
The first 50 hours of handling and maintenance greatly
affect the service life and performance of a new tractor.
In particular, pay spe cial attention to the following points
during this period of time.
(1) Refrain from sudden acceleration and sudden
braking.
(2) Do not increase the speed too much or carry any
more load than is necessary.
(3) Operate the tractor only after the engine has warmed
up sufficiently.
(4) Slow down on a rough road or on a slope.
(5) Check the tightness of the wheel mounting bolts after
the first 10 hours and again after the first 50 hours. If
they are loose, retighten them. (For specific
tightening torques, refer to the table in the instruction
manual.)
IMPORTANT
When the tractor gets stuck in a muddy portion in field,
do not tie a piece of lumber, log or pipe to the front or
rear wheels to drive out of the muddy portion.
It may break transmission and/or rear axle inner parts or
cases.
Put a ladder bridge under the wheels and then drive out.
Or use strong rope or chain to pull it out of the muddy
portion slowly by the other tractor or so.
Note:
These photos show rear tire with cage
wheel.
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PART NAMES
(1) Bonnet
(2) Headlights
(3) Side lens
(4) Front axle bracket
(5) Front wheels
(6) Steering wheel
(7) Safety frame (ROPS)
(8) Tail lamp
(9) Fuel tank
(10) Rear wheel
(11) Hydraulic stop-slow return valve
(12) Sub step
(13) Operator’s seat
(14) Top link
(15) Lower link
(16) PTO shift lever
(17) Flasher lamp (Side marker lamps)
(18) Rear fender
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(1) Light switch, Horn switch, Flasher switch
(2) Reverser lever
(3) Clutch pedal
(4) Parking brake lever
(5) Operator's seat adjusting pin
(6) Range shift lever
(7) Front wheel drive lever
(8) Seat belt
(9) Main switch
(10)
A
ccelerator lever
(11) Main shift lever
(12) Brake pedal
(13) Accelerator pedal
(14) Differential lock pedal
(15) Position control lever
(16) Hydraulic stop slow return valve
(17) PTO shift lever
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