Yamaha Audio 02R User Manual

DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE

E

FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.)

ADVARSEL!
Lithiumbatteri—Eksplosionsfare ved fejlagtig
håndtering. Udskiftning må kun ske med batteri
af samme fabrikat og type. Levér det brugte
batteri tilbage til leverandoren.

VARNING
Explosionsfara vid felaktigt batteribyte. Använd
samma batterityp eller en ekvivalent typ som
rekommenderas av apparattillverkaren.
Kassera använt batteri enligt fabrikantens
instruktion.

VAROITUS
Paristo voi räjähtää, jos se on virheellisesti
asennettu. Vaihda paristo ainoastaan
laitevalmistajan suosittelemaan tyyppiin. Hävitä
käytetty paristo valmistajan ohjeiden
mukaisesti.

1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT!
This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by Yamaha
may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product.

2. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/or another product use only high quality shielded cables. Cable/s supplied with this product MUST
be used. Follow all installation instructions. Failure to follow instructions could void your FCC authorization to use this product in the USA.

3. NOTE: This product has been tested and found to comply with the requirements listed in FCC Regulations, Part 15 for Class “B” digital devices. Compliance with
these requirements provides a reasonable level of assurance that your use of this product in a residential environment will not result in harmful interference with
other electronic devices. This equipment generates/uses radio frequencies and, if not installed and used according to the instructions found in the users manual, may
cause interference harmful to the operation of other electronic devices. Compliance with FCC regulations does not guarantee that interference will not occur in all
installations. If this product is found to be the source of interference, which can be determined by turning the unit “OFF” and “ON”, please try to eliminate the
problem by using one of the following measures:
Relocate either this product or the device that is being affected by the interference.
Utilize power outlets that are on different branch (circuit breaker or fuse) circuits or install AC line filter/s.
In the case of radio or TV interference, relocate/reorient the antenna. If the antenna lead-in is 300 ohm ribbon lead, change the lead-in to coaxial type cable.
If these corrective measures do not produce satisfactory results, please contact the local retailer authorized to distribute this type of product. If you can not locate the
appropriate retailer, please contact Yamaha Corporation of America, Electronic Service Division, 6600 Orangethorpe Ave, Buena Park, CA 90620

* This applies only to products distributed by YAMAHA CORPORATION OF AMERICA.

IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR

THE UNITED KINGDOM

Connecting the Plug and Cord

WARNING: THIS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHED
IMPORTANT: The wires in this mains lead are coloured in accordance with

the following code:
GREEN-AND-YELLOW : EARTH

BLUE : NEUTRAL
BROWN : LIVE

As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not
correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your
plug, proceed as follows:

The wire which is coloured GREEN and YELLOW must be connected to
the terminal in the plug which is marked by the letter E or by the safety earth
symbol or coloured GREEN and YELLOW.

The wire which is coloured BLUE must be connected to the terminal which
is marked with the letter N or coloured BLACK.

The wire which is coloured BROWN must be connected to the terminal
which is marked with the letter L or coloured RED.

* This applies only to products distributed by YAMAHA KEMBLE

MUSIC (U.K.) LTD.

Important Information

Important Information

Please read the following before operating your Digital Recording
Console 02R.

Precautions

Installing the 02R

• The unit should be connected only to an AC receptacle of the type
described in the owner’s manual or as marked on the unit.

• Be careful to prevent the 02R from getting wet; do not allow water to
enter the 02R, especially when raining or snowing, or near a body of a
water. Otherwise, fire or electrical shock may result.

• Do not block the ventilation holes on the 02R. The 02R has ventilation
holes on the top, rear, front and bottom panel to prevent the inside
temperature from rising. If the ventilation holes are blocked, the heat
will remain inside, resulting in fire. In particular, avoid the following
situations:

i

Do not orient the 02R upside down, face down, or sideways.

Do not place the 02R in a narrow, non-ventilated space, such as in a
bookcase or closet. Use a dedicated rack.

• Do not place a table cloth on top of the 02R; do not place the 02R on a
carpet or mattress.

• Do not place heavy objects on the power cord. If the cord is damaged,
fire or electrical shock may result. In particular, it is possible that one
might accidentally place a heavy object on the carpet that covers the
cord, or place the 02R on top of a power cord; avoid these situations.

•To allow for the efficient release of heat, maintain a gap of 10cm or
more between the rear of the 02R and the wall. Locate the 02R away
from other equipment. If the release of heat is insufficient, the heat
will remain inside the device, and result in a fire.

• Do not install the 02R in a place where it may be exposed to oil,
smoke, or steam (for example, near a cooking table or humidifier).
Otherwise, fire or electrical shock may result.

• Do not place the 02R on an unstable surface, such as an unstable
bench or slanted surface. Otherwise, the equipment may fall or drop,
resulting in injury.

• Do not place the power cord near a heating device. Otherwise, the
cord sheath may melt, resulting in fire or electrical shock.

• Do not locate the 02R in a place subject to excessive heat, such as

• Do not place the 02R in a place subject to excessive humidity or dust.

inside a car with all the windows closed, or in direct sunlight.
Otherwise, fire may result.

Otherwise, fire or electrical shock may result.

Digital Recording Console 02R Owner’s Manual

ii

Important Information

• Do not handle the power plug with wet hands. Otherwise, you may
receive an electrical shock.

•When you remove the power plug, be sure to hold the plug. Never
pull on the cord. Otherwise, the power cord will become damaged,
resulting in fire or electrical shock.

•When relocating the 02R, since the 02R is heavy, make sure that two
or more people carry it.

•When you are moving the 02R to another location, first turn off the
power switch, remove the power plug from the AC outlet, and
remove all cables connected to external devices. Otherwise, the cables
may become damaged, resulting in fire or electrical shock.

• The Digital Recording Console 02R offers superb sonic quality. To
ensure the best possible results, you should use the best quality
connecting cables that you can afford. Regular maintenance involves
keeping all connections clean using a quality contact cleaner.

Using the 02R

Do not touch the 02R under the following circumstances:

• If you hear thunder, turn off the power switch and remove the power
plug from the AC outlet as soon as possible.

If you fear a lightning hit, and the 02R has been connected to an AC
outlet, do not touch the power plug. Otherwise, you may receive an
electrical shock.

• Do not attempt to modify this equipment. Otherwise, fire or electrical
shock may result.

• Do not remove the case of the 02R. Otherwise, electrical shock may
result.

If you think the 02R needs to be checked for maintenance or repair,
consult your dealer.

• Do not place a container of water, or any small metal object on top of
the 02R. If water is spilled or if the metal object falls inside, fire or
electrical shock may result. This applies to vases, potted plants,
glasses, cosmetic bottles, medicine, etc.

• Do not damage, process, bend, twist, stretch, or heat the power cord.
Otherwise, the cord may be damaged, resulting in fire or electrical
shock.

•When you are connecting audio devices or speakers to the 02R, make

• Set the volume level on all the devices to the minimum before turning

• If you plan not to use the 02R for a long period of time (such as when

Digital Recording Console 02R Owner’s Manual

sure that first you turn off the power to all devices to be connected.
Refer to the user's guide for each device, and use the specified cable
for connection.

on the power. Otherwise, an extremely loud noise could damage your
hearing.

you are on vacation), remove the power plug from the AC outlet.
Otherwise, a fire could possibly result.

Important Information

If an abnormality occurs while operating the 02, remove the plug from
the AC outlet

• If you notice any abnormality--such as smoke, odor, noise, etc.--turn
off the power to the 02R immediately, and remove the power plug
from the AC outlet. Confirm that the abnormality is no longer
present, then consult your dealer for repair. If you continue using the
02R under abnormal conditions, fire or electrical shock may result.

• If a foreign object or water enters inside the equipment, turn off the
power to the 02R immediately, remove the power plug from the AC
outlet, and consult your dealer for repair. If you continue using the
02R under this condition, fire or electrical shock may result.

• If the power cord is damaged (for example, the it is cut or if the core
wire is exposed), ask your dealer for a replacement. If you continue
using the 02R under this condition, fire or electrical shock may result.

• If the 02R is dropped, or the cabinet is damaged, turn off the power
switch, remove the power plug from the AC outlet, and consult your
dealer. If you continue using the 02R under this condition, fire or
electrical shock may result.

iii

Maintenance

• Before cleaning the 02R, remove the power plug from the AC outlet
for safety. Otherwise, an electrical shock may result.

• An authorized dealer should clean the internal parts of the 02R on a
regular basis. If you do not clean them for a long period of time,
allowing dust to accumulate inside the equipment, fire or
malfunction may result.

Consult your dealer about cleaning and its cost.
The optimum frequency for cleaning is once a year. It is especially
effective to clean before a rainy or humid season starts.

• The performance of contact parts--such as switches, the volume
encoder, and connectors--deteriorates with use. The degree of
deterioration may differ depending on the environment, but the
deterioration itself cannot be avoided. To replace the contact parts,
consult your dealer.

• Do not apply oil, grease, or a contact repair agent to the faders.
Otherwise, the conductivity of the electrical contact point may be
affected.

If you think the faders' movement is awkward, refer to
"User’s Guide" on page 170 for calibration information.

Data backup

Data stored inside the equipment may be destroyed by malfunction
or incorrect operation of the equipment. Be sure to save important
data to an external MIDI device for backup.

Digital Recording Console 02R Owner’s Manual

iv

Important Information

Influences on other electrical devices

This equipment uses many digital circuits, which may cause noise to
occur on nearby radio or TV. In this case, relocate the 02R away from
those devices.

Exclusion of Certain Damages

Manufacturer, importer or dealer shall not be liable for any incidental or
consequential damages for other than injury to the person and/or any
other damages that caused by not proper use or operate the instrument.

Please, watch also our instructions in this manual.

Copyright

© 1995 Yamaha Corporation. All rights reserved.

No part of the Digital Recording Console 02R software or its user
manuals may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means
without the prior written authorization of Yamaha Corporation.

Trademarks

ADAT and Alesis are registered trademarks of Alesis Corporation.

ADAT Multichannel Optical Digital Interface is a trademark of Alesis
Corporation.

®

TEAC

Tascam Digital Audio Interface (TDIF-1™) is a trademark of TEAC
CORPORATION.

All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their
respective holders.

is a registered trademark of TEAC CORPORATION.

Package Contents

Your Digital Recording Console 02R package contains the following
items. If you do not have them all, please contact your Yamaha dealer.

• Digital Recording Console 02R

• This Getting Started Guide

This Owner’s Manual consists of:

Digital Recording Console 02R Owner’s Manual

•A Getting Started Guide section and

•A User’s Guide section.

User’s Guide

DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE

User’s Guide

Contents

Contents

1 Introduction to the 02R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Digital Recording Console 02R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

User Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Top and Rear Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Key Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Basic Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Making the Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Basic Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Power ON/OFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Setting the Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Recall Scene Memory 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

i

3 Introductory Recording Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Setting the Input Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Applying EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Using the EQUALIZER Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Panning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4 Secondary Recording Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Auxiliary Send Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Setting the Auxiliary Send Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Creating a Monitor Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Applying Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Recalling and Editing Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Patching in a Dynamics Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Using the Dynamics Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Scene Memories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

ii

Contents

5Mixing and Automation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

What is 02R Automation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Real-Time Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Editing Automation Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Off-Line Automix Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Using the AUTOMIX Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

1

Introduction to the 02R

Introduction to the 02R

In this chapter...

Digital Recording Console 02R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

User Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Top and Rear Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1

1

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

2

Introduction to the 02R

Digital Recording Console 02R

From the company that pioneered digital mixing consoles and leads the
industry with its acclaimed DSP technology comes the Digital Recording
Console 02R – the most advanced digital mixing console in the world. All
of YAMAHA’s experience and innovation has been applied to the 02R, to
create a perfect mixer for use with the current generation of modular digital
multitrack tape and disk recorders.

Inputs and Outputs – I/O Cards and Digital Cascade

With the YAMAHA Digital Recording Console 02R you can record and mix
directly to your modular digital multitrack recorder without ever leaving
the sonic purity of the digital domain. It is a 40 input channel mixer, each
with full dynamic processing and 4-band parametric EQ, plus two stereo
internal effects returns. It comes with 24 analog inputs, featuring 20-bit
64-times oversampling analog-to-digital conversion. By adding one of the
optional digital I/O cards, you can also have 8 channels of direct digital
input. Depending on configuration, up to four cards can be inserted into
the 02R. The cards allow you to select from any of the currently used
formats (ADAT®, TDIF™, YAMAHA, or AES/EBU). The optional cards
allow you to route up to 16 outputs directly to your modular digital
multitrack recorder. In addition, you can insert a Digital Cascade card into
one of the I/O slots, allowing you to connect multiple 02Rs together to
create a larger digital mixing system.

Dynamic Automation with Total and Instant Recall

The Digital Recording Console 02R is a fully dynamic automated mixing
console – all referenced to time code. Its onboard automation system
memorizes not just the faders, but a myriad of parameters. Switch
individual channels on or off, adjust the equalization or the pan position,
change the auxiliary send, and recall any scene memory – automatically.
There are 64 internal scene memories which can store every digital mix
parameter in a “snapshot” providing instant recall and reset.

Crystal Clarity and Unsurpassed Audio Quality

The 02R contains YAMAHA’s latest generation 32-bit proprietary audio
DSP. All of your mix data is processed internally with 32-bit precision.
Using the power of the latest generation effects processor chip, it also has a
startling range of effects available: shimmering reverbs, clean, precise
delays, flanging and chorus, and other effects are built into this mixer. It
also features dynamics processors on all the inputs, allowing you to
compress, limit, or gate the signals, giving you unparalleled sonic quality
and flexibility. The 02R samples audio at 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz using its
internal clock, and can sample at any frequency from 28 kHz to 53 kHz
when an external word clock is applied.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

RISC Technology

To provide powerful system control and full dynamic automation, the 02R
is driven by a RISC technology CPU. With all this power and sonic quality,
the 02R will become the heart of your digital recording studio.

User Guides

The Digital Recording Console 02R is supplied with an Owner’s Manual
which consists of two sections – a Getting Started Guide and a User’s Guide .
You should keep this manual handy for future reference.

Getting Started Guide

The Getting Started Guide sections contain a simple description and a couple
of tutorials about digital recording with the 02R to get you started. It also
has a tutorial on the automation system.

User’s Guide

3

The User’s Guide sections explain each 02R function in full detail. Use its
table of contents to search for general topics and the index to search for
specifics. A glossary of related terms is also provided.

Where to Start

If you are unfamiliar with the 02R, you should start with the Getting Started

Guide . Read through the section and follow the steps outlined in the

tutorials. Refer to the User’s Guide when you are more familiar with the 02R
and just need the details of how a particular function works. You may also
want to refer to the User’s Guide for more detailed information while using
the Getting Started Guide .

Automation System

Regardless of your level of experience, you should read through the section
“Mixing and Automation” on page 67 of the Getting Started Guide . The
automation system built into the 02R is unique to this product. Even
experienced recording engineers will want to refer to this section to
discover how to record and playback entire mixing sessions. You should
also refer to the section entitled “Automation” on page 123 of the User’s

Guide .

Installation

You should locate the Digital Recording Console 02R on a stable surface. It
should be sited so that the display screen can be easily read from a
comfortable position. Leave plenty of access space at the back of the unit to
make the required connections to the other equipment in your digital
recording studio.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

Top and Rear Panels

+48V

+48V

+48V

+48V

+48V

+48V

+4 -40

-16 -60

PEAK

SIGNAL

+48V

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

A

A

B

B

20dB

20dB

20dB

+4 -40

+4 -40

GAIN

GAIN

-16 -60

-16 -60

PEAK

PEAK

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

5

6

20dB

+4 -40

-16 -60

PEAK

SIGNAL

ON

ON

ON

OFF

A
B

20dB

+4 -40

GAIN

GAIN

-16 -60

PEAK

SIGNAL

1

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

A

A

A

B

B

B

20dB

20dB

+4 -40

+4 -40

GAIN

GAIN

-16 -60

-16 -60

PEAK

PEAK

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

2

3

4

4

+48V

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

A

A

B

B

20dB

20dB

20dB

20dB

20dB

20dB

20dB

+4 -40

-16 -60

PEAK

SIGNAL

20dB

+4 -40

+4 -40

+4 -40

+4 -40

+4 -40

GAIN

GAIN

GAIN

GAIN

-16 -60

-16 -60

PEAK

PEAK

PEAK

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

14

17/18

15

16

+4 -40

GAIN

GAIN

GAIN

PEAK

PEAK

PEAK

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

19/20

21/22

23/24

20dB

+4 -40

+4 -40

+4 -40

+4 -40

+4 -40

GAIN

GAIN

GAIN

-16 -60

-16 -60

PEAK

PEAK

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

9

7

8

-16 -60

PEAK

SIGNAL

+4 -40

GAIN

GAIN

GAIN

GAIN

-16 -60

-16 -60

-16 -60

PEAK

PEAK

PEAK

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

SIGNAL

10

11

13

12

010

STUDIO
LEVEL

010

T/B LEVEL

010

PHONES

LEVEL

DISPLAY ACCESS

DIGITAL

SCENE

I/O

MEMORY

MIDI

AUTOMIX GROUP

CONFIGURATION

Ø/ATT DELAY

VIEW

METER

MIXING

AUX 1 AUX 2 AUX 3 AUX 4

AUX 5 AUX 6

AUX

SEL

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

ON

TAPE

TAPE

TAPE

3

2

1

SEL

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

ON

10

10

10

5

5

5

0

0

0

5

5

5

10

10

10

15

15

15

20

20

20

30

30

30

40

40

40

50

50

50

∞

∞

∞

1

2

3

SETUP

PAN ROUTING

EQ

AUX 7

EFF1

SEL

TAPE

SEL

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

30

40
50

∞

UTILITY

PAIR

DYNAMICS

AUX 8
EFF2

ON

4

ON

4

SCENE MEMORY

FADER STATUS

INPUT

AUX

1234
5678

SELECTED CHANNEL

MIC/LINE

TAPE/RTN

OUTPUT

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

TAPE

TAPE

6

5

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

10

10

5

5

0

0

5

5

10

10

15

15

20

20

30

30

40

40

50

50

∞

∞

5

6

TAPE

TAPE

TAPE

9

8

7

SEL

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

ON

10

10

10

5

5

5

0

0

0

5

5

5

10

10

10

15

15

15

20

20

20

30

30

30

40

40

40

50

50

50

∞

∞

∞

7

8

9

TAPE

TAPE

TAPE

12

11

10

SEL

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

ON

10

10

10

5

5

5

0

0

0

5

5

5

10

10

10

15

15

15

20

20

20

30

30

30

40

40

40

50

50

50

∞

∞

∞

10

11

12

TAPE

TAPE

TAPE

15

14

13

SEL

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

ON

10

10

10

5

5

5

0

0

0

5

5

5

10

10

10

15

15

15

20

20

20

30

30

30

40

40

40

50

50

50

∞

∞

∞

13

14

15

CLIP

-2

-4

-6

-12

-15

-24

-35

-48

-60

-72

L STEREO R

CONTRAST

SEL

SEL

SEL

ON

ON

ON

TAPE

16

SEL

ON

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

30

40
50

∞

16

EFF2

EFF1

RTN

RTN

FLIP

SELONSELONSELONSEL

ON

10

10

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

30

40
50

∞

17/18

10

5

5

5

0

0

0

5

5

5

10

10

10

15

15

15

20

20

20

30

30

30

40

40

40

50

50

50

∞

∞

∞

19/20

21/22

23/24

10

15

20

30

40

50

60
70

∞

0

5

STEREO

1

3

5

7

ROUTING

EQ ON

SEL

ON

SELECTED CHANNEL

2

4

6

8

DIRECTST

RL/MONO

PAN

HIGH/LPFH-MIDL-MIDLOW/HPF

EQUALIZER

ODD

SEND LEVEL

L

ENTER

AUX 2

AUX 1

AUX 3

AUX 5

AUX 7

EFF1

AUX

EVEN

Hz kHz

AUX 4

AUX 6

AUX 8
EFF2

R

dB

STORE

ON

Q

F

G

SCENE MEMORY

C-R

AUX 5STAUX 6

2TR-D1 2TR-A1

2TR-D2 2TR-A2

2TR-D3 ST

AUX 5

MONO

CONTROL ROOM

SLATE T/B

TALKBACK

SOLO

RECALL

STUDIO

AUX 6

DIM

010

C-R

LEVEL

CURSOR

DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE

5

1

STUDIO
MONITOR
OUT

6

AUX SEND

LRL

C- R
MONITOR
OUT

+4dB +4dB

3

4

2

+4dB

L

R

R

-10dBV

STEREO OUT ANALOG

POWER

ON/ OFF

12

TIME

+4dB

SMPTE

L

R

METER

CODE INPUT

+4dB

-10dBV

2TR IN

ANALOG

MTC

L

1

R

INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT

23

L

2

R

COAXIAL

STEREO OUT

DIGITAL

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

2224

AES/EBU

THRU OUT

INPUT AINPUT A

INPUT A

INPUT A INPUT A INPUT A

1718192021

COAXIAL

AES/EBU

INOUT

75Ω

ON OFF

WORD CLOCK

IN

TO HOST

MIDI

2

3

2TR IN DIGITAL

1

INPUT A

INPUT

INPUT

INPUT

B

B

B

INSERT

INSERT

INPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUT

INSERT

I/O

I/O

I/O

8910111213141516

SLOT 4

INPUT

INSERT
I/O

INPUT

INPUT

B

B

INSERT

INSERT

I/O

I/O

SLOT 2

INPUT A

INPUT

INPUT

B

B

B

INSERT

INSERT

I/O

I/O

1234567

0dB0dB0dB0dB0dB0dB0dB0dB

SLOT 3

SLOT 1

Introduction to the 02R

Features

Sonic Specifications

• Linear 20-bit 64-times oversampling A/D convertors

• Linear 20-bit 8-times oversampling D/A convertors

• 105 dB dynamic range (typical)

• 32-bit precision internal processing with a dynamic range of over
190 dB using YAMAHA’s 32-bit proprietary audio DSP

General Features

• 40 input channel mixer, with full dynamic processing and 4-band
parametric equalization

• Dynamic automation – all referenced to time code

• 64 internal scene memories for storing all digital mixer settings

• 4-band Parametric EQ with sweepable center-frequency from 20 Hz to
20kHz and adjustable bandwidth (Q)

5

• Extensive EQ library

• Comprehensive dynamics processors on each input channel, tape
return, and buss and stereo output:

• Compressor

• Expander

• Gate/Ducking

• Soft and Hard Compander

• Dynamics library

• Fully programmable channel settings: phase and attenuation, delay,
pan, routing, meters, EQ, and dynamics

• Channel library

•Two internal stereo effects using proprietary processor chip

•Effects library

•8 output busses, 8 auxiliary send busses, and main stereo mix buss

• 24 balanced analog inputs (8 channels with either XLR-type or phone
connectors)

• Continuously variable gain control

• 20 dB input pad

•8 XLR-type inputs with 48V phantom power for condenser

•8 analog insert input/output connections

•2 analog 2TR IN inputs

microphones

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

•2 analog stereo outputs

•6 analog auxiliary send outputs

• Stereo studio and control room outputs

•3 digital 2TR IN inputs

•2 digital stereo outputs

• Industry standard AES/EBU or IEC958 Part2 (Consumer) digital

• 100mm motorized faders

• Fader and mute groups for single fader or button control over several

• Adjacent channel pair function for stereo operation on inputs, tape

• Dedicated buttons and controls of the Selected Channel module

inputs and outputs

faders or channel ON buttons

returns, and auxiliary channels

6

×

• Large 320

• RISC technology CPU

•SMPTE and MTC synchronization plus full MIDI implementation

240 pixel, FL-backlit, user-friendly graphical display screen

Optional Features

• Optional digital I/O cards:

• Alesis ADAT

•TASCAM TDIF-1

•YAMAHA

• AES/EBU

• Digital Cascade

• Optional analog input/output card

• Optional 1MB memory expansion kit

• Optional meter bridge

• Optional wooden side panels

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

Key Features

This section looks at some of the key features of the Digital Recording
Console 02R, what they mean to you, and some hints about how you can
use them.

Dynamic Automation

One of the most demanding jobs of the recording engineer is taking all the
raw material produced during a multitrack recording session and mixing it
all together into an artistically satisfying master recording. The ability to
setup portions of the mix and then have them playback automatically as
you work on other portions is probably the most important feature of the
Digital Recording Console 02R.

It has an on-board automation system that memorizes fader positions,
switches individual channels on or off, adjusts the equalization or pan
positions, and changes the auxiliary sends – all based on time code. It can
also record and execute scene memory changes, also determined by time
code. This allows you to perform an entire mixing session, and then edit
individual channel settings until you have achieved the perfect mix.

7

The 02R allows you to record a mixdown in real-time and then edit the
results, either in real-time or by using one of the event editors. You can
select single parameters of the mixer to edit – for example, just enable the
faders for one pass as you create your mixdown.

Scene Memories

The 02R has 64 internal scene memories each of which is a snapshot of all
the digital settings of the mixer (a mix scene). Each can be named for easy
identification. They can be stored and later recalled instantly.

If you work on several projects at one time, you can store the current mixer
settings in a scene memory so when you return to that project, you can start
immediately from where you left off. When you are working on a
mixdown, the ability to recall mixer scenes can speed the process and
allows for accurate repetition of the various parts of the mix. When you use
the 02R for sound reinforcement applications, the ability to recall mix
scenes can make light work of night-after-night sound checks.

Storing the mixer settings to a scene memory is a simple matter of pressing
the [STORE] button and confirming the request.

Note: You can customize your 02R to perform the storage operation without

confirmation. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User’s Guide for more details.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

Recalling the scene is even easier – just press the [RECALL] button. You
should be careful that your scene memories flow into each other smoothly.
The instant recall means that you can have very abrupt level changes or the
unexpected intrusion of a very loud channel.

Note: The 02R allows you to have programmable fades between scene memories.

The only thing you need to watch is the sudden sound of a channel being switched
on. Even then, if the original channel level was set to –
problems. See “Fade Time” on page 121 of the User’s Guide.

Large Graphical Display

The heart of the 02R user interface is the large graphical display located in
the center of the console. Using the Display Access controls, you can gain
immediate access to the features of the mixer – clearly displayed on the 320

×

240 pixel, FL-backlit, user-friendly graphical display screen. Virtual
control modules are shown on the screen, allowing you to adjust almost
any digital parameter anywhere in the system.

8

∞

dB, you should have no

As well as displaying parameter values numerically, faders, rotary controls,
and push buttons are represented graphically, so you can actually see
button status, pan positions, and fader levels.

In addition the equalization curves are displayed graphically as are the
dynamics processor parameters.

User Interface

The Digital Recording Console 02R user interface is powerful but very
intuitive. There are two main methods of working with the 02R:

• Use the DISPLAY ACCESS controls to modify one parameter at a time

across the entire recording console.

• Use the SELECTED CHANNEL controls to modify all of the

parameters of the currently selected channel.

The DISPLAY ACCESS controls consist of a block of 24 function buttons
divided into three groups – the CONFIGURATION group, the MIXING
group, and the AUX group – plus the large backlit graphical display screen,
four cursor buttons, a detented encoder wheel, and the [ENTER] button.
There is also a related block of four SCENE MEMORY buttons – to
increment, decrement, store, and recall the scene memories.

The SELECTED CHANNEL controls consist of four main blocks of controls
– each block was designed to be as familiar as the equivalent controls on a
standard analog mixer, but with the power of digital precision and instant
recall. The ROUTING block selects the buss onto which to route the current
channel signal. The AUX block selects the auxiliary buss to send the
channel signal to and sets the send level. The PAN block sets the pan
position of the channel signal. The EQ block sets the equalization curve for

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

the current channel. You can customize your 02R to automatically select the
corresponding display function when you adjust a control in these blocks.

Motorized Faders

In addition to the DISPLAY ACCESS and SELECTED CHANNEL controls,
each input channel and the stereo master channel utilizes a 100mm
motorized fader. When a scene memory is recalled, the faders position
themselves automatically to the levels stored. Fader movements are
replayed automatically in synchronization with time code during playback
of a dynamic automation memory.

The faders allow you to quickly and accurately set the levels for the
selected channels. By pressing the [FLIP] button, you can transfer fader
control over your tape returns as well. Faders can be grouped into one of
four fader groups for control of multiple faders from a single control.
(There are also four mute groups which allow you to toggle a group of
channels on or off.) You can also control two adjacent channels in stereo
with the pair operation using only one fader.

9

Internal Stereo Effects

The Digital Recording Console 02R features eight auxiliary sends, two of
which are routed to the internal multi-effects stereo processors: Effect1 and
Effect2. Using the power of YAMAHA’s proprietary effects processor chip,
the 02R has a startling range of special effects available to apply to your
mix. Shimmering reverbs, clean and precise delays, flanging and chorus,
and a myriad of other effects are available built right into this mixer. The
effects are processed entirely within the digital domain, ensuring the signal
quality is the finest that a digital system can provide.

The 02R features a simple and convenient analog interface to outboard
signal processing and effects units. When you use the six auxiliary sends,
the signal from those channels is converted to analog at 18-bits linear,
8-times oversampling.

Effects can be applied to input channels or the tape return channels, and the
auxiliary sends can be configured pre-fader or post-fader. There are 40
preset effects programs and 88 user effects programs for you to store your
own settings.

Dynamics Processors

Dynamics processors are generally used to correct or control signal levels.
However, you can also use them creatively to shape the volume envelope
of a sound. The 02R features comprehensive dynamics processors for all
the input, return, buss, and stereo output channels – a total of 50
processors. These processors allow you to compress, expand, limit, gate, or
duck the signals passing through the mixer, giving you unparalleled sonic
quality and flexibility.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

Similar to the internal stereo effects, the dynamics processors are patched
directly into the signal path while the audio data remains in the digital
domain. Signal quality is unaffected by conversion to and from digital as
would be the case if you used an external dynamics processor. The
dynamics program settings are stored in the dynamics library as well as the
scene memory. There are 40 preset programs for you to recall and 88 user
programs for you to store your own dynamics programs

Parametric EQ with Library

The Digital Recording Console 02R contains a high-performance
four-band, fully parametric equalizer. Each input channel, tape and effect
return, and the stereo output channel features an equalizer. You can tailor
the equalization curve with a high degree of precision, covering the entire
dynamic spectrum from 21 Hz to 20.1 kHz. Select the center-frequency (F)
and adjust the bandwidth (Q) and the gain (G) until you have achieved the
perfect sound.

10

The EQ setting for each channel is stored in the scene memory and can be
adjusted in real-time with the dynamic automation system. The 02R also
has an extensive EQ library which allows you to store frequently used
equalizer settings for instant recall. An equalization program stored in the
EQ library is a good starting point and reference when making adjustments
to the equalization.

Digital Benefits

You’re probably already familiar with the many benefits of digital audio,
but what exactly are the benefits for digital audio mixing?

An audio mixer has the job of combining audio signals from various
sources, at differing levels and impedances, usually into a stereo signal. It
must do this without introducing any new distortions and noise. Most
analog mixers do a pretty good job, but even with the best designs,
nonlinear effects caused by circuit components are unavoidable.

In the digital realm, audio mixing consists of adding and multiplying the
binary numbers that represent audio signals. The 02R uses a 32-bit DSP
(Digital Signal Processor) chip for these calculations, ensuring a very high
degree of precision. Once past the analog-to-digital conversion, audio
signals are essentially immune from standard signal degradation. With the
02R, noise, distortion, and crosstalk are virtually eliminated. You’ll hear a
new clarity in your mixes.

Once in the digital realm, there’s little point converting back to analog. The
02R features stereo digital outputs for direct mixdown to DAT and other
digital recorders. It uses the industry standards AES/EBU or IEC958 Part2
(Consumer) for its digital inputs and outputs. With one of the optional
digital I/O cards installed in your 02R, you can record direct-to-digital to
your modular digital multitrack recorder.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

11

Digital Recording Console 02R Sonic Performance

The Digital Recording Console 02R uses linear 20-bit 64-times
oversampling analog-to-digital converters to provide a typical dynamic
range of 105 dB. This means that an audio program’s dynamic range, from
low to high levels, is processed intact. The 02R samples audio at 44.1kHz,
the commercial sampling rate for compact discs, and at 48kHz, the
professional sampling rate. It provides a full spectrum frequency response
of 20 Hz to 20 kHz +1, –3 dB.

For digital-to-analog conversion, the 02R features 20-bit 8-times
oversampling for its main stereo outputs, including the control room
monitor outputs, and 18-bit 8-times oversampling for the studio and
auxiliary send outputs. Oversampling and bitstream techniques effectively
increase the internal sampling rate, so side effects caused by steep low-pass
filters, which are used to filter out undesirable sampling frequency
components during digital-to-analog conversion, are virtually eliminated.

Consequently, audio signal integrity is maintained from input through to
output.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introduction to the 02R

12

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

2

Getting Started

13

Getting Started

In this chapter...

Basic Assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Making the Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Basic Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Power ON/OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2

Setting the Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Recall Scene Memory 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

14 Getting Started

WARNING! Bef

WARNING! The Digital

Basic Assumptions

The Digital Recording Console 02R was designed to be the perfect digital
mixing console for a studio using the current generation of modular
digital multitrack tape and disk recorders. Although the 02R can also be
used as a sound-reinforcement mixer, the typical user will own a project
recording or post-production studio with some form of multitrack
recorder. Therefore, your 02R will probably be equipped with one or
more of the optional input/output cards. For the purposes of these
tutorials, it does not matter if you are working with an analog or digital
multitrack.

What You Will Need

To perform the following tutorials, you will need:

• The 02R.

•A sound source: CD player, drum machine, synthesizer/sequencer

with demo song.

making any connections,
make sure that all your
equipment is powered OFF.

Recording Console 02R
should be connected only to
an AC receptacle of the
voltage type marked on its
rear panel.

ore

•Amplifiers and speakers, or headphones.

•A multitrack recorder and a stereo master recorder.

• Audio connecting cables.

Making the Connections

1. Connect your sound source to input channel 1.

If you are using a stereo sound source, connect it to input channel 2 as well.
A stereo source is not essential, and for most of the tutorials it will probably
be easier to work with just one channel. If your sound source has XLR-type
connectors, connect it to the XLR-type connectors on the 02R. Otherwise,
use the phone jacks and select INPUT B with the [A/B] switch.

2. Connect the C-R MONITOR OUT connectors to the inputs on your

power amplifier.

If you are using headphones, connect them to the PHONES jack.

3. Connect your multitrack recorder to the appropriate optional

input/output card.

You can also connect your stereo master recorder to either the digital or
analog STEREO OUT connectors.

4. Plug the 02R into a suitable AC receptacle.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Getting Started 15

Basic Setup

The following illustration shows how to set up a minimal system that will
allow you to perform the following tutorials.

Amplifier

Sound Source Multi-track recorder

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

16 Getting Started

Power ON/OFF

This section explains how to power the Digital Recording Console 02R on
and off.

Power ON

It is always important to observe the correct order for powering up
equipment in a studio. Always start with the multitrack and mastering
recorders and the signal processors, then the 02R, and finally the
monitoring amplifiers and other downstream gear.

POWER

ON/ OFF

1. Turn ON the power to the 02R by pressing the POWER switch on

the back panel.

The 02R start-up screen appears for a few seconds, the faders initialize
themselves, then the screen that was used when the 02R was last powered
off appears.

Power OFF

It is always important to observe the correct order for powering up
equipment in a studio. Always start with the monitoring amplifiers and
other downstream gear, then the 02R, and finally the multitrack and
mastering recorders and the signal processors.

1. Turn OFF the power to the 02R by pressing the POWER switch on

the back panel.

All mix settings, mix scenes, and other data are stored when the 02R is
powered off.

Setting the Synchronization

Before you use the 02R with a modular digital multitrack recorder or DAT
master recorder, be sure to correctly set the synchronization. The 02R must
be slaved to an external wordclock in order to process the input digital
signals without drop-out or distortion. Refer to the section “Word Clock
Select” on page 154 of the User’s Guide.

Look in the chapter “Installing Options” on page 171 of the User’s Guide.
There is a section for each of the optional digital I/O cards that the 02R
supports. Refer to the appropriate section for the card installed in your
unit.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Getting Started 17

Recall Scene Memory 0

Before you start the tutorials, you should set the 02R to its initial mixer
settings.

2. Use the SCENE MEMORY increment or decrement buttons to

select scene memory 0 “0 Initial Data”.

3. Press the [RECALL] button.

STORE

SCENE MEMORY

RECALL

This is a read-only scene memory that contains the default settings for the
system. The 02R will be reset to its initial settings.

Note: It is best to start at the beginning of each tutorial and work your way
through, taking breaks as required. If you deviate too far from the tutorial, or jump
into a tutorial halfway through, you may find that subsequent tutorial steps do not
work as expected. Also note that the tutorials do not explain all Digital Recording
Console 02R functions, nor do they serve as a substitute for the User’s Guide
explanations. For full details on all 02R functions, refer to the User’s Guide.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

18 Getting Started

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

3

Introductory Recording Tutorial 19

Introductory Recording Tutorial

In this chapter...

Setting the Input Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Applying EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Using the EQUALIZER Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3

Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

20 Introductory Recording Tutorial

Setting the Input Level

Assuming that Digital Recording Console 02R is powered ON and your
music source is playing, the very first thing you need to do is set up a basic
control room monitor mix. When you recall Scene Memory 0 “0 Initial
Data”, all the channel faders are set to the 0 dB mark.

Setting Fader Levels

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

30

40
50

∞

1

0

5

10

15

20

30

40

50

60
70

∞

STEREO

If the faders are not set to 0 dB, you should perform the following steps to
optimize the input signal level for the best performance:

1. Set the fader for MIC/LINE 1 to the 0 dB mark.

The 0 dB fader position is a good place to start when setting fader levels. It
is a good setting with regard to signal level and noise performance and it
leaves room for you to raise the level later, if necessary.

2. Set the STEREO fader to the 0 dB mark.

The stereo output meters are indicating the stereo output level. The stereo
mix signal is now being output to the digital and analog STEREO OUT
connectors.

2TR-D2 2TR-A2

2TR-D3 ST

AUX 5

MONO

CONTROL ROOM

AUX 6

DIM

010

C-R

LEVEL

Selecting a Monitor Source

Before you can hear anything through your monitor amplifier and
speakers, you have to select a Control Room source:

1. Press the [ST] button of the CONTROL ROOM buttons group.

This selects the stereo bus for monitoring in the control room.

2. Adjust the volume with the C-R LEVEL control.

You should be able to hear the sound source through your monitor
speakers. If you are using stereo headphones, you will need to adjust the
PHONES LEVEL control to set a comfortable listening level.

Note: Be very careful with the level settings, especially if you are using stereo
headphones. When you are adjusting a unit as complex as the Digital Recording
Console 02R, it is possible for you to inadvertently switch on a very loud signal
source. Damaged loudspeakers or amplifiers can be very expensive. Damage to
your hearing can be much worse. Your ears are for life!

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide

Introductory Recording Tutorial 21

Setting the GAIN

1. Press the [METER] button.

METER

SEL

20dB

The METER Display function appears showing the signal level for
MIC/LINE 1.

2. Press the [SEL] button for MIC/LINE 1.

You are now monitoring the input channel MIC/LINE 1.

3. If the sound is distorted, the PEAK indicator is illuminated, or the

level is going up to CLIP, press the 20dB (pad) switch to attenuate
the input signal for MIC/LINE 1.

+4 -40

GAIN

-16 -60

You usually need to pad (attenuate) the input signal when you connect a
line level device, such as a synthesizer or an effects unit to the channel. If
you connect a microphone, you should not need to pad the signal.

If you want to use a very high impedance device, such as a guitar or bass
guitar, you should insert a direct box or effects processor between the
guitar and the 02R – or you should mike the guitar amplifier.

Note: The stereo input channels (LINE 17 through 24) accept line level signals
only.

4. Use the GAIN control for MIC/LINE 1 to optimize the signal level.

Ideally the level should be set relatively high to obtain the best
signal-to-noise performance. It is acceptable for the PEAK indicator to
occasionally illuminate but the signal levels should not reach CLIP. If the
PEAK indicator illuminates constantly, the signal is overloading the input
preamplifier and you may be able to hear analog clipping distortion. When
CLIP is reached, you will experience digital clipping distortion, which is
usually very unpleasant sounding.

Digital Recording Console 02R Getting Started Guide