X-Rite 968, 948 User Manual

X-Rite® 948/968

Color Measurement Instruments

Operation Manual

CAUTION: Operational hazard exists if AC adaptor other than X-Rite SE30-61
(115V) or SE30-62 (230V) is used.

VORSICHT: Es besteht Betriebsgefahr bei der Verwendung von einem Adapter
außer X-Rite SE30-61 (115 U) oder SE30-62 (230 U).

AVISO: No use otro adaptador C.A. que no sea la pieza X-Rite SE30-61 (115V) o
SE30-62 (230V), por el riesgo de mal funcionamiento del equipo.

ATTENTION: Ne pas utiliser un autre adaptateur que la piéce X-Rite SE30-61
(115V) ou SE30-62 (230V).

AVVISO: Non usare un altro adattatore C.A. che non è del pezzo X-Rite SE30-61
(115V) o SE30-62 (230V), per il rischio di malfunzionamento dell’apparecchio.

NOTE: Shielded interface cables must be used in order to maintain compliance with
the desired FCC and European emission requirements.

USE ONLY: AA NICad batteries that are 600/700mAhr rated, six required. Other
types may burst causing personal injury.

AUFGEPASST: Verwenden Sie nur AA Nicad Akkus von 600/700mAhr
(Milliampere/Stunde) Nennstrom (6 Stück erforderlich). Mit anderen Akkus läuft die
Gefahr von Explosion und Verletzung.

ATENCION: Use solamente las pilas de AA NiCad (se requiere seis) con
condiciones normales de funcionamiento 600/700mAhr (horas miliamperios). Es
posible que los otros tipos puedan estallar y causar daños corporales.

ATTENTION: Utiliser seulement les batteries AA NICad de 600/700mAhr
(milliampère/heure) nominale (6 pièces nécessaire). Il y a danger d’explosion et des
blessures avec des autres types.

ATTENZIONE: Usare solamente gli accumulatori al AA NiCad (si richiede sei)
con le condizioni normali di funzionamento 600/700mAhr (ore milliamperi). E
possibile che altri tipi possano scoppiare e causare danno personale.

WARNING: This instrument is not for use in explosive environment.
WARNUNG: Das Gerät soll in einer explosiven Umgebung NICHT verwendet

werden.

ADVERTENCIA - NO use este aparato en los ambientes explosivos.
ATTENTION: Cet instrument NE DOIT PAS être utilisé dans un environnent

explosif.

AVVERTIMENTO - NON usare questo apparecchio in ambienti esplosivi.

FCC

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his
own expense.

Canada

This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian
Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur
le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

The Manufacturer: X-Rite, Incorporated
Der Hersteller: 3100 44th Street, S.W.
El fabricante: Grandville, Michigan 49418
Le fabricant:
Il fabbricante:

Declares that: Spectrophotometer
gibt bekannt: 948, 968
advierte que:
avertit que:
avverte che:

is not intended to be connected to a public telecommunications network.
an ein öffentliches Telekommunikations-Netzwerk nicht angeschlossen werden soll.
no debe ser conectado a redes de telecomunicaciones públicas.
ne doit pas être relié à un réseau de télécommunications publique.
non deve essere connettuto a reti di telecomunicazioni pubblici.

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

EN50081-1: 1992 EN55022 Class B Radiated, Class B Conducted,

complies to

EN45014:1989

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Manufacturer’s Name:
Manufacturer’s Address:

X-Rite, Incorporated.
3100 44th Street, S.W.
Grandville, Michigan 49418
U.S.A.

European Contact Name:
European Contact Address:

X-Rite GmbH
Stollwerckstraße 32
51149 Köln, Deutschland
(49) 2203-91450 FAX [phone]

Model Name

Model No.

Year of Manufacture

Directive(s) Conformance

Test Standards Declared

Spectrophotometer

948 968

EMC

89/336/EEC

EN50082-1: 1992 IEC801-2,-3,-4 and EN60950

1995

LVD

73/23/EEC, 93/68/EEC

X-Rite, Incorporated and the undersigned, hereby declare under our sole responsibility
that the product to which this declaration relates, conform to the above listed Directive(s)
and Standard(s).

Grandville, Michigan

4-11-96

Location Date Mark P. Spliedt

Product Support Engineering Manager

NOTE: The device complies to the product specifications for the Low
Voltage Directive when furnished with the 230VAC AC Adapter (X-Rite
P/N SE30-62), and to UL Standards when furnished with the 115VAC
AC Adapter ( X-Rite P/N SE30-61).

Dear Customer:

Congratulations! We at X-Rite, Incorporated are proud to present you with an
X-Rite Color Measurement Instrument. This instrument represents the very latest in
microcontrollers, integrated circuits, fiber optics, and display technology. As a
result, your X-Rite 948/968 is a rugged and reliable instrument whose performance
and design exhibit the qualities of a finely engineered instrument, which is not
surpassed.

To fully appreciate and protect your investment, we suggest that you take the
necessary time to read and fully understand this manual. As always, X-Rite stands
behind your unit with a one year limited warranty, and a dedicated service
organization. If the need arises, please don’t hesitate to call us.

Thank you for your trust and confidence.

Ted Thompson

Chairman and CEO

i

Table of Contents

Opening Letter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

Proprietary Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

General Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

What To Do First!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

1. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Packaging Check list. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Shoe Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3 Battery Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.4 Applying Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2. Positioning Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3. Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.1 Keyswitch Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.2 Function Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.3 Illuminant/Observer Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.4 Absolute Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.5 Difference Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.5.1 Entry of Reference Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.5.2 Taking A Difference Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.6 CMC Difference Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.7 Measurement Averaging Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.8 Store Data Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.9 Display Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4. Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4.1 Positioning the Instrument on the X-Rite Calibration Standard . . . . . . . . . 29

4.2 Calibrating to a White Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

5. Setting System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5.1 Averaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5.2 Operation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.3 RS232 I/O Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

5.4 Format Output Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

6. Printing Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

7. Changing Apertures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

8. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

8.1 Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

8.2 Optics Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

8.3 Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

8.4 Target Window Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

8.5 Lamp Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Appendix

A1 - Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

A2 - Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

A3 - Factory Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

A4 - Spectrophotometer Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

A5 - Color Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

ii

PROPRIETARY NOTICE: The information contained in this manual is derived from patent

and proprietary data of X-Rite, Incorporated. This manual has been prepared expressly for the
purpose of assisting in the use and general maintenance of this instrument.

Publication of this information does not imply any rights to reproduce or use this manual for
purposes other than installing, operating, or maintaining this instrument. No part of this manual
may be reproduced, transcribed, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into
any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic,
mechanical, optical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of an officer of
X-Rite, Incorporated.

These provisions are intended to state all of the rights and responsibilities between X-Rite,
Incorporated and the customer. They supersede all warranties, expressed or implied, and
whether of merchantability, fitness or otherwise. The remedies contained in this manual are
exclusive. Customer and X-Rite, Incorporated waive all other remedies, including but not
limited to consequential damages.

This instrument is covered by one or more of the following U.S. and foreign patents:

U.S. patent #4,080,075, #4,591,978, and other patents pending.

Copyright  1990 by X-Rite, Incorporated

"ALL RIGHTS RESERVED"

Operating Keys

Target Window

Serial Number Label

LIMITED WARRANTY: X-Rite, Incorporated warrants each unit manufactured to be free

of defects in material and workmanship (excluding Ni-Cad batteries) for a period of twelve
months. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS. THIS
WARRANTY OBLIGATION IS LIMITED TO SERVICING THE UNIT RETURNED TO X-RITE,
INCORPORATED or AN AUTHORIZED SERVICE DEALER FOR THAT PURPOSE. The unit
shall be returned with transportation charges prepaid. If the fault has been caused by misuse
or abnormal conditions of operations, repairs will be billed at a nominal cost. In this case, an
estimate will be submitted before work is started, if requested. Always include serial number in
any correspondence concerning the unit. The serial number is located on the bottom housing.

X-Rite, Incorporated offers a repair program for instruments out of warranty. For more
information, contact X-Rite Instrument Services Department.

This agreement shall be interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Michigan
and jurisdiction and venue shall lie with the courts of Michigan as selected by X-Rite,
Incorporated.

2 x 16 Character Display

RS232
I/O Port

AC Adaptor
Charger Jack

iii

General Description

The X-Rite 948 is a reflection spectrocolorimeter. The 948 measures spectral

reflectance from 400nm to 700nm in 20nm intervals. It has a 0° illumination angle,
a 45° viewing angle, and features a dual-beam, single light pulse compensation
method to insure accuracy.

The 948 calculates and displays colorimetric data. In addition, the 948 can output

(to a printer or computer) colorimetric data. An optional software package,

ColorStart®, can collect, sort, view, and analayze L*a*b* data using an IBM (or

100% compatible) computer.

The X-Rite 968 is a reflection spectrophotometer. The 968 measures spectral

reflectance from 400nm to 700 nm in 20nm intervals. It has a 0° illumination angle,
a 45° viewing angle, and features a dual-beam, single light pulse compensation
method to insure accuracy.

The 968 calculates colorimetric and spectrophotometric data. The 968 displays

colorimetric data, and can output (to a printer or computer) colorimetric and spectral
data. An optional software package, SpectroStart®, can collect, sort, view, and
analayze L*a*b* and spectral data using an IBM (or 100% compatible) computer.

The 948 and 968 measure spectral reflectance, absolute color or color difference,

and absolute index or index difference for Whiteness and Yellowness.

• XYZ or RGB & ∆XYZ or ∆RGB (CIE 1931 or RGB = X%Y%Z%)
> Z% is one method used to measure paper brightness. Refer to Section 5.2 to activate

RGB (X%Y%Z%).

• Yxy & ∆Yxy (CIE 1931)

• L*a*b* or Lab & ∆L*a*b* or Lab (CIE 1976 or HUNTER)

• L*u*v* & ∆L*u*v* (CIE 1976)

• L*C*h° & ∆L*C*H* (CIE 1976, ab, CMC, or uv)

• Whiteness & Tint & ∆Whiteness & Tint (CIE & ASTM E313)

• Yellowness & ∆Yellowness (ASTM E313 & ASTM D1925)

The 948 and 968 have eight different CIE Illuminants for calculations under
varying lighting conditions. In addition, you can select the CIE 1931 2° Observer or
the CIE 1964 10° Observer.

• Illuminant C

• Illuminant D65

• Illuminant D

• Illuminant A

• Illuminant F2 (Cool White Fluorescent)

• Illuminant F7 (Narrow-band White Fluorescent)

• Illuminant F11 (TL84 / Wide-band Fluorescent)

• Illuminant F12 (Ultralume 3000)

50

iv

General Description . . . continued

Twenty four different reference values (Ref 01 - Ref 24) can be entered into the
948 and 968 manually (numerically) or by measuring a reference sample. The

exceptions are that the reference values for ∆Whiteness and ∆Yellowness can only
be entered by measurement. During reference entry all color spaces are
automatically updated when a change has been made in one of them.

The 948 and 968 can function as color difference meters. By entering in your
reference (by measurement or numerically), the units will indicate the amount of
difference between the reference and the measured sample.

The store data feature allows the units to store up to five hundred measurements
for transferring to a printer or computer (via RS232) at a later time.

The CMC difference feature provides a single numeric value (∆E

CMC

) which

describes the color difference between a sample and a standard.

The averaging feature allows the units to make several measurements from the
same and/or different locations on a sample or reference. This will allow for a better
overall average of a color.

The units are powered by six AA rechargeable batteries, or by the AC
adaptor/charger provided. Additionally, the units retain calibration and reference
values when turned off, or if the Ni-Cad batteries are discharged.

X-Rite®, ColorStart®, SpectroStart®, and QA-Master® are registered trademarks of X-Rite, Incorporated.

IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp.

Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Incorporated.

All other logos, product names, registered trademarks, and trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective holders.

v

User Interface

This section will familiarize you with the typographical conventions, display
functions, and general terms used in this manual.

• In the text portion of this manual the 968 keys are shown with brackets on

both sides and in boldface. Ex.,

[FUNCTION], [ILLUM]

• When a key is to be momentarily pressed, the statement "press" will be used.

Ex., Press

[FUNCTION].

• When a key is to be held depressed until another action occurs, the statement

"hold down" will be used. Ex., Hold down

ILLUMINANT"

is displayed.

[ILLUM]

• Information that will appear in the display

window will be shown with quotation
marks on each side and in boldface. Ex.,

"SELECT ILLUMINANT"

FUNCTION ILLUM

, and

until

[DIF]

"SELECT

SELECT

ILLUMINANT

CAL

.

DIF

• The symbols t and s represent the

blue and red arrows on the 968. In
calibration and reference value entry the
arrows indicate which direction a value
can be changed. Holding

[DIF]

depressed

Y 2 . 8 7 Z 2 . 4 1

C

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

X 4 . 1 2

2X Y Z

DIF

and pressing [t ] decreases the value and

[s ] increases the value.

• The term "cursor" represents a black

rectangle that will blink next to or over a

WHT

x . 3 0 9 0

C

2

CURSOR

Y 8 5 . 5 5
y . 3 1 8 1

value or function in the display. In most
cases it means that value is active and can
be altered via the [t] and [s] keys.

• A "hand" indicates important notes and

possible operations that need to be
performed before the normal operation.

• When a procedure is continued on the next

page an arrow will appear in the bottom
right hand corner of the page.

• Illuminant/observer combinations are expressed by special notations (Ex.,

D

indicates illuminant D, 6500°k, and 2° observer).

652

vi

What To Do First!

See how to unlock the shoe and charge the batteries...read Section 1 ­Getting Started.

See how the positioning of the instrument during measurement affects the
reading...read Section 2 - Positioning Techniques .

Calibrate your instrument...read Section 4 - Calibration.

Setup your instrument. You can set the operating parameters, RS232
parameters, and format output parameters of your unit. Remember, you can
lock out of the display any function you do not want to use...read Section 5

- Setting System Parameters.

Learn the basic functions...read Section 3 - Operation.

vii

1. Getting Started

1.1 Packaging Check List

After removing the instrument from the shipping carton, inspect for possible
damage. If any damage is noted, contact the transportation company immediately.
Do nothing more until the carrier’s agent has inspected the damage.

If damage is not evident, check and make sure that all items are included (Refer
to the parts list below, and following page for the packaging illustration).

Your unit was packaged in a specially designed carton to assure against damage.
If reshipment is necessary, the instrument should be packaged in the original carton.
If the original carton is not available, a new one can be obtained from X-Rite Inc.
Refer to the packaging drawing on the following page (items 1, and 2).

PACKAGING PARTS LIST

1

PACKAGING

2

1.2 Shoe Lock

The shoe can be locked next to the housing for ease of storage.

Unlocking Shoe

1. Hold shoe [1] against unit.

2. Slide black lock button [2] on bottom of unit towards the back until it stops, then
slowly release shoe [1].

Locking Shoe

1. Hold shoe [1] against unit.

2. Slide black lock button [2] towards the front until it stops, then release
shoe [1] .

[1]

[2]

3

1.3 Battery Charging

> THE UNIT SHOULD BE CHARGED BEFORE USE. The unit can be operated while the

batteries are being charged. Before using make sure the voltage indicated on the AC
adaptor complies with the AC line voltage in your area. If not contact your X-Rite dealer.

> The unit should be fully charged in 14 hours. Note: If your unit has not been used for

several weeks recharge for approximately 24 hours.
> Charging the batteries for less than 14 hours will reduce the operating time of the unit.
> The best method to obtain the maximum battery life is to:

- Always run the unit down to the point where the "BATTERIES LOW" message is
displayed. Then charge the unit before the next message "CHARGE BATTERIES" is
displayed.

- Leaving the unit plugged into the AC wall outlet for extended periods of time (over 48
hours) may shorten the battery life.

- If you are going to store the unit for an extended period of time (over 6 months) you
should remove the Ni-Cad batteries from the unit.

1. Plug the small connector end of the adaptor into back of unit.

2. Plug the adaptor into AC wall outlet.

ADAPTOR

WALL OUTLET

SMALL
CONNECTOR

> This unit retains calibration, reference values, and all other data when the unit turns off

after 45 seconds of non-use (in battery operation), or if the Ni-Cad batteries are
discharged.

1.4 Applying Power

During battery operation power is applied automatically when a measurement is
taken or if a key is pressed. It automatically shuts off (within 45 seconds) if no keys
are pressed or no further measurements are taken. The unit will not automatically
shut off if the AC adaptor is connected.

4

2. Positioning Techniques

The variety of items that the 948 and 968 can measure is almost endless.
However, in order to obtain accurate and repeatable measurements, the bottom of
the shoe must be:

• Parallel with the surface to be measured if the surface is flat.

• Tangent to the surface to be measured if the surface is curved.

The reason for this is that any movement during measurement can cause the
reading to vary. To obtain the most accurate and repeatable measurements, there are
a few guide rules you can follow.

If the item to be measured is smaller than the shoe, you may want to make a
platform (the same height of the item) for the instrument to sit on. If the item to
measure is curved, you may want to make a jig for the item to rest in.

Shown below and on the next page are some examples of methods used to
accomplish this. Example 1 shows a platform for measuring a paint chip. Example
2 shows a jig being used to measure a cup. Example 3 shows a jig being used for
measuring a small knob.

Note: A mounting fixture (jig) is available from X-Rite (P/N 968-80). The jig can
measure objects that are a maximum of 4" inches in width, or 2" to the center of the
object. Refer to Appendix A-4 for further information about this mounting fixture.

Example 1- Measuring a Paint Chip

Paint Chip

CORRECT

Platform

INCORRECT

5

Coffee Cup

Example 2 - Measuring a Coffee Cup

Jig

CORRECT

Example 3 - Measuring a Small

Knob

Jig

CORRECT

6

3. Operation

3.1 Key Descriptions

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

DIF

[FUNCTION]/[t]

• Selects the function that will be used for measurement. Each

momentary depression will cause the display to page through XYZ,
Yxy, L*a*b*, L*u*v*, L*C*h°, Whiteness, & Yellowness.

• Decreases numeric values when used with the

[DIF]

key during

entry of reference or calibration values.

• Selects Calibration when pressed with

[ILLUM]

key.

• Selects various steps when in system setup procedures.

[ILLUM]/[s]

• When held depressed activates illuminant/observer selection,

thereafter, momentary depressions select the illuminant to be
used. The available illuminants are:

C A

D65D
F7F2 F12F11

50

Note: the [DIF] key selects the Observer (CIE 1931 2° or CIE 1964
10°) to be used.

• Increases numeric values when used with [DIF] key during entry

of reference or calibration values.

• Displays the reference number when pressed momentarily.

• Selects Calibrate when pressed with the

[FUNCTION]

key.

See Section

3.2

4.0

4.0

5.0

3.3

4.0

3.5

4.0

[DIF]/[ts]

• When at function level, toggles Delta (∆) On and Off with each

depression. Delta being the difference mode.

• Decreases reference or calibration values when used with the

[FUNCTION]

• Increases numeric values when used with the

key.

[ILLUM]

7

key.

3.5

4.0

4.0

3.2 Function Selection

Each momentary depression of [FUNCTION] will sequentially page through the
available functions: CIE XYZ (or RGB), Yxy, L*a*b* (or Lab Hunter), L*u*v*,

a

L*C*h° (or

b

u

v

L*C*h°), Whiteness, & Yellowness.

If ∆ is active the following is displayed

2

YEL

W H T

C

2

C

W 9 7 . 8 7

. .

u

v

L C h

OR

. .

a

L C h

b

.

2

C

C 2 0 . 7 8

.

. .

L u v

.

u + 2 2 . 4 6

(Hunter)

2

C

Lab

OR

.

..

L a b

.

a + 1 8 . 5 9

Y x y

2

C

2

C

x .2 6 7 8

RGB

OR

2

X Y Z

C

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

Y + 3 3 . 5 6

e

+ 8 7 . 9 7

Y d

W - 1 . 3 7

e

T - 1 1 5 . 8

.

L 2 3 . 4 5

h 2 5 . 7 9

.

L 1 2 . 3 3

.

v + 6 . 8 9

.

L 2 3 . 4 8

.

b + 8 . 7 5

Y 3 . 2 4

y .3 5 9 8

X 4 . 1 2

Z 2 . 4 1

DIF

YEL

C

W H T

+

W 9 7 . 8 7

L C H

E

OR

.

C 2 0 . 7 8

.

u + 2 2 . 4 6

(Hunter)

. . .

L C H

.

.

L u v

CCC

.

Lab

OR

a + 1 8 . 5 9

L a b

.

.

..

Y x y

x .2 6 7 8

+

RGB

OR

X Y Z

+

Y 2 . 8 7

2

Y + 3 3 . 5 6

e
d

+ 8 7 . 9 7

Y

2

W - 1 . 3 7

C

T - 1 1 5 . 8

.

2

L 2 3 . 4 5

C

C

+

H 2 5 . 7 9

+

.

2

+

L 1 2 . 3 3

v + 6 . 8 9

.

2

L 2 3 . 4 8

C

b + 8 . 7 5

2

C

Y 3 . 2 4

y .3 5 9 8

2

C

X 4 . 1 2

e

+

+

+

+

+

Z 2 . 4 1

PRESS TO SELECT

THE NEXT FUNCTION

8

> The illuminant/observer will not be displayed in the difference mode during operation of

that function. It is only displayed during function selection.

> ∆ E will be displayed in place of ∆ L*a*b*, ∆ L*u*v*, and ∆ L*C*H* during difference

operation.

ILLUMINANT
NOT DISPLAYED

DELTA E

Y E L

W H T

+

W 9 7 . 8 7

E

C

OR

E 41.89

.

C 2 0 . 7 8

E 23.67

.

u + 2 2 . 4 6

E 15.98

.

a + 1 8 . 5 9

Y + 3 3 .5 6e

Yd + 8 7 .9 7

W - 1 . 3 7

e

T - 1 1 5 . 8

.

L 2 3 . 4 5

+

+

H 2 5 . 7 9

.

+

L 1 2 . 3 3

v + 6 . 8 9

.

L 2 3 . 4 8

+

b + 8 . 7 5

Y 3 .2 4

Y x y

+

x . 2 8 9 0

X Y Z
Y 2 . 8 7 Z 2 .4 1

9

+

y .3 6 4 5

+

X 4 .1 2

+
+

3.3 Illuminant/Observer Selection

There are eight different illuminants and two observers to choose from.

1) To enable illuminant

selection: Hold down

[ILLUM] until
ILLUMINANT"

"SELECT

is displayed.

2) The active illuminant &

observer are displayed.

Press [ILLUM] to select a
different illuminant.

Note: Illuminant F2 represents
a cool white fluorescent lamp.

Illuminant F7 represents a
broad-band daylight fluorescent
lamp.

Illuminant F11 represents a
narrow-band white fluorescent
lamp (or illuminant TL84).

Illuminant F12 represents
Ultralume 3000.

SELECT

ILLUMINANT

X Y Z

C

X 4 . 1 2

2

Y 2 . 8 7 Z 2 . 4 1

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

2

F12

Ultralume

2

F11

TL84

2

broad bandF7

2

F2

cool white

2

A

2

D

50

2

D

65

2

C

exit

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

HOLD

illm

PRESS

DIF

obs

DIF

Press [DIF] to select a
different observer.

10

C

2

C

exit

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

10

illm

obs

DIF

PRESS

Illuminant/Observer Selection...continued

3) To exit press [FUNCTION].

When "Function Key" is pressed,
the instrument will automatically
convert the stored spectral
references (if any) to tristimulus
for the different illum/obs
selected. The unit will also ask if
you would like the references to
be cleared. If you do not want the
references cleared (or you do not
have any entered), disregard the
procedure below.

Clearing References

The "Clear Reference" function is
useful if the Illum/Obs is being
changed often, and many
references exist in the instrument
that are not being used. This will
enable the operator to speed up
the time it takes the instrument to
recalculate to a different
illum/obs.

X Y Z

C

X 4 . 0 8

10

Y 2 . 8 1 Z 2 . 3 7

UPDATING REFS # 1-24

CLEAR REFS

10

C

obsillmexit

FUNCTION

CAL

PRESS

ILLUM

DIF

Press [DIF] to enter clear reference
function. After the "Dif Key" is
pressed "CLEAR REFERENCES

↓NO YES↓" is displayed. Press

[DIF] to clear or [FUNCTION] not

to clear.

> You must press the "Dif" key

while the unit is recalculating
the references to activate this
function.

> If the clearing procedure is

carried out, all references
(measured & numerically
entered) will be removed.

> Refer to Section 3.5 for a more

detailed explanation on
measured and numerically
entered references.

11

3.4 Absolute Measurements

The 948 and 968 can perform absolute measurement in XYZ (RGB), Yxy,
L*a*b*, L*u*v*, L*C*h°, Whiteness, & Yellowness.

> Helpful Hint: If you are going to measure something like a textile, you will receive

better results if you use the averaging function (see Section 3.6). Also, while measuring
a textile, take several measurements in a circular format.

> If the ∆ is displayed, press [DIF] to activate absolute mode.
> If the desired illuminant/observer is not displayed, refer to Section 3.3.

1) Press

[FUNCTION]

to select

desired measurement space.

2) Center the target window

over the area to be measured.

3) Lower unit to target window

and hold compressed.

"READING XYZ C2" (i.e., the

selected function & the
illum/obs) will momentarily
be displayed, and then the
data.
Release unit after data is
displayed.

PRESS

TARGET WINDOW

X Y Z

Y 3 . 3 6

READING XYZ

2

C

2

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7 Z 2 . 4 1

FUNCTION ILLUM

X 1 . 2 4

Z 4 . 1 8

C

CAL

2

C

X 4 . 1 2

DIF

4) The display will show the

absolute values for XYZ.

FUNCTION

X Y Z X 1 . 2 4

Y 3 . 3 6

ILLUMINANT X VALUE

2

C

Z 4 . 1 8

Y VALUE Z VALUE

12

3.5 Difference Measurement

The 948 and 968 can measure the difference between a sample color and a
reference. In order to measure these differences the reference must first be entered
into memory. There are 24 different locations to store references.

The reference can be entered numerically using the key pad, or by measuring the
reference color.

> The ∆Whiteness and ∆Yellowness reference color can only be entered by measurement.

Reference (Measurement)

Measured references are stored spectrally and the tristimulus values are
recalculated each time a different illum/obs is selected. As long as references are
measured, the instrument can automatically convert the spectral data to allow for
viewing of difference measurements under various illum/obs sets.

Reference (Numeric)

Numerically entered references are saved with the selected illum/obs. A total of 7
sets of numerically entered tristimulus values (with different illum/obs) can be
stored in each reference location.

If a different illum/obs is selected and no numerically entered reference supports
that illum/obs, the instrument will turn "OFF" that reference location.

The instrument can not recalculate to a different illum/obs if it was not previously
entered during numeric reference entry.

Operation Mode

The instrument can be set to operate in an automatic mode, where it will
automatically select the closest reference; or in manual mode, where you have to
manually select the reference locations you want to use. Refer to Section 5.2,
Setting Operation Parameters for information on selecting manual or automatic
reference operation.

In automatic mode, the instrument will select the reference that is closest to the
measured color. If by some chance it is not the correct reference, simply press the

[ILLUM] key twice and the unit will select the next closest reference.

In manual mode, you must
manually select the reference.
Once you have selected a
reference, that reference will be
used until you select a different
reference.

To activate the Difference
mode, press

[DIF]

and the ∆ sign

will appear in the display. The
∆Functions will have a "+" sign

in front of them for positive
values instead of being implied
as in the absolute function.

> ∆L*a*b*, ∆L*u*v*, & ∆L*C*H* show ∆E in function location.

DELTA SIGN PLUS SIGN

X Y Z

+

Y 2 . 8 7

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7 Z 2 . 4 1

FUNCTION ILLUM DIF

CAL

PRESS TO TOGGLE DIFFERENCE
(DELTA) ON & OFF

2

C

X 4 . 1 2

+

Z + 2 . 4 1

X 4 . 1 2

DELTA ON

DELTA OFF

13

Difference Measurement...continued

> When entering references with any illuminant other than C2, Yellowness and Whiteness

(per ASTM E313) are not calculable.

> Once a reference has been set, changing between CIE Lab or Hunter Lab; Lch (ab) or

Lch (uv); and XYZ or X%Y%Z%, the references will not be automatically adjusted.

Note: You can set all reference locations to OFF by:

•Activating difference mode.

•Hold down [DIF] until reference entry is activated, then simultaneously press

[ILLUM] and [FUNCTION].

Ref 1 defaults to ON if all references are turned OFF.

Refer to Steps 2 and 3 below.

3.5.1 Entry of Reference Values

1) Select desired Illum/Obs (see

Sec. 3.3).

2) Press

[FUNCTION]

to select

desired measurement space.

> If ∆ is not displayed, press

[DIF] to activate Difference
mode.

3) Hold down

REF VALUES - ENTER or
MEASURE"

[DIF]

is displayed.

until

"SET

First displayed are the
previous entered reference
values for the last selected
reference location.

The reference location is
momentarily displayed.

Then "EXIT" is displayed.

> You can set all reference

locations to OFF by: holding
down [DIF] then
simultaneously pressing
[ILLUM] and [FUNCTION].
Note, Ref 1 defaults to ON.

By Measurement

EXIT

Y 4 . 4 5

REF 03

Y 4 . 4 5

XYZ

Y 4 . 4 5

SET REF VALUES

ENTER or MEASURE

FUNCTION ILLUM

PRESS

C

CAL

2

2

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

C

+

CAL

X 6 . 1 6

Z 2 . 6 9

X 6 . 1 6
Z 2 . 6 9

X 6 . 1 6
Z 2 . 6 9

DIF

HOLD DOWN

X + 4 . 1 2

Z + 2 . 4 1

DIF

14

Entry of Reference values - By measurement . . . continued

4) Select the reference location.

If the cursor is not blinking
next to the reference location,
press [DIF] until it does.

Hold down [DIF] and press [t]
to decrement thru the reference
locations or press [s] to
increment.

5) Measure the reference color.

CURSOR+REFERENCE SPACE

REF 03

Y 4 . 4 5

FUNCTION ILLUM

DECREMENT

REF 03

Y 4 . 4 5

C

READING XYZ

CAL

2

X 6 . 1 6

Z 2 . 6 9

INCREMENT

X 6 . 1 6
Z 2 . 6 9

C

Reference Color

DIF

+

2

6) Press

[FUNCTION]

and

[ILLUM]

at the same time to exit to the
main menu.

"REFERENCES UPDATED" is

momentarily displayed and the
procedure is finalized.

> If no measurement or entry is

made the unit will display

"REFERENCES - NOT
CHANGED."

EXIT

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

PRESS AT SAME TIME

15

X 4 . 1 2

Z 2 . 4 1

DIF

Entry of Reference Values... By Numeric Entry

> Whiteness & Yellowness reference values can not be entered via the keyboard.

1) Select desired Illum/Obs (see

Sec. 3.3).

2) Press

[FUNCTION]

to select

desired measurement space.

> If ∆ is not displayed,

momentarily press
activate Difference mode.

3) Hold down

REF VALUES - ENTER or
MEASURE" is displayed.

[DIF] until

[DIF]

"SET

to

The unit will first display the
previous entered reference
values for the last selected
reference location.

The reference location is
momentarily displayed.

Then "EXIT" is displayed.

4) Select the reference location.

If the cursor is not blinking
next to the references
location, press [DIF] until it
does.

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

PRESS

EXIT

Y 4 . 4 5

REF 03

Y 4 . 4 5

XYZ

Y 4 . 4 5

SET REF VALUES

ENTER or MEASURE

FUNCTION ILLUM

CURSOR+REFERENCE SPACE

Y 4 . 4 5

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

REF 03

CAL

C

2

X 6 . 1 6

Z 2 . 6 9

X 6 . 1 6

Z 2 . 6 9

X 6 . 1 6
Z 2 . 6 9

X 6 . 1 6

Z 2 . 6 9

2

C

+

CAL

DIF

DIF

X + 4 . 1 2

Z + 2 . 4 1

DIF

HOLD DOWN

Hold down [DIF] and press
[t] to decrement thru the
reference locations or press
[s] to increment.

DECREMENT

16

INCREMENT

+

Entry of Reference values - By Numeric Entry . . . continued

5) The cursor will blink over the

active value that can be
edited. Enter the numbers for
each value.

[DIF]

•The

key advances the
cursor to the next value to be
edited.

[DIF]

•The

conjunction with
decrease and
the value. Note: Hold

key is used in

[t]

to

[s]

to increase

[DIF]

depressed then press either

[t]

or [s] to change value.

6) Press

[FUNCTION]

and

[ILLUM]

at the same time to exit to the
main menu.

"REFERENCES UPDATED" is

momentarily displayed and the
procedure is finalized.

> If no measurement or entry

is made the unit will display
"REFERENCES - NOT

CHANGED."

REF 03

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

INCREASEDECREASE +

EXIT

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

PRESS AT SAME TIME

CURSOR

X 4 . 1 2
Z 2 . 4 1

DIF

ADVANCE

+

X 4 . 1 2
Z 2 . 4 1

DIF

17

3.5.2 Taking A Difference Measurement

> If the ∆ is not displayed, press [DIF] to activate difference mode.
> The reference color must first be entered into memory, refer to Section 3.5.1.
> If reference selection is not set to auto, select the correct reference location before

following the procedure below (refer to Section 3.5.1).

> If the desired illuminant/observer is not displayed, refer to Sec. 3.3.

1) Press

[FUNCTION]

to select desired

measurement space.

2) Center target window over area to

be compared.

3) Lower unit to target window and

hold compressed. "READING XYZ

C2" (i.e., the selected function and

illum/obs) will momentarily be
displayed, and then the reference
location and data.

Release unit after data is
displayed.

X Y Z

+

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

PRESS

SAMPLE AREA
TO BE
COMPARED

REF 03

+

Y . 8 8 Z + . 4 8

READING XYZ

X + 2 . 8 2

2

C

X + 4 . 1 2

Z + 2 . 4 1

CAL

2

C

DIF

4) The display will show the

difference between the reference
color and the area measured.

> If L*a*b*, L*u*v*, or L*C*H* are

selected, ∆E value will be
displayed in place of the
Function & Illuminant.

> If you want to display the

selected reference location,
press [ILLUM].

FUNCTION ILLUMINANT X VALUE

X Y Z

2

C

Y + . 8 8

Y VALUE Z VALUE

OR

DELTA E VALUE

E 2 . 9 9

a + . 8 8

18

+

X 2 . 8 2

+

Z . 4 8

+

L 2 . 8 2

+

a . 4 8

3.6 CMC Difference Operation

COMMERCIAL

CMC is an ellipsoidal tolerancing method which attempts to correlate small

measured color differences with visual assessment.

CMC provides a single numeric value (∆E

difference between a sample and a standard. This allows the use of a single
tolerance value for comparing the acceptability of a color match.

∆E

is derived from the following formula:

CMC

2

C

CC =

LC =

∆Ec = [L

∆L

S

L

ι

+ C

∆C

cS

The CMC reference menu consists of the three factors that can be set: Lightness

factor (ι), Chromaticity factor (c), and Commercial factor.

• The lightness factor is normally set to 2.00 (default) but other values may be

required when surface characteristics differ dramatically.

• The chromaticity factor normally does not require any adjustment from the

default setting of 1.00.

• The commercial factor is the tolerance limit that each sample is not to exceed.
(e.g., if cf= 1.00 then any sample which has a ∆E

would be commercially unacceptable.)

) which describes the color

CMC

+ H

1/2

2

]

C

∆H

HC =

S

H

value greater than 1.00

CMC

2

C

L

To Setup CMC Difference:

> CMC Option is only available on L*C*H* difference function.
> CMC option must first be selected in Operation Parameters (Sec. 5.2).

1) Follow Step 1 through 5 in Section 3.5.1 for entering a reference manually or by

measurement.

2) Press [DIF] until the CMC menu is

displayed. The cursor will blink
over the active value that can be
edited. Enter the number for each

CHROMATICITY
FACTOR

CURSOR+REFERENCE SPACE

LIGHTNESS
FACTOR

FACTOR

value.

•The [DIF] key advances the

cursor to the next value to be
edited.

REF 01

c 1 . 0 0

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

l 2 . 0 0

cf = 1 . 0 0

DIF

•The [DIF] key is used in

conjunction with the [t] to
decrease and [s] to increase the
value. NOTE: Hold [DIF]
depressed then press either [t] or
[s] to change values.

DECREMENT

INCREMENT

+

19

CMC Difference Operation...continued

3) Press [FUNCTION] and [ILLUM]

at the same time to exit to the main
menu.
"REFERENCES UPDATED" is
momentarily displayed and the
procedure is finalized.

> If no measurement or entry is

made the unit will display

"REFERENCES NOT CHANGED."

EXIT

c 1 . 0 0

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

PRESS AT SAME TIME

cf = 1 . 0 0

Taking a CMC Difference Measurement

Before a CMC difference measurement can be made:

• LCh CMC must be set to "ON" in modes (Sec. 5.2)

• Reference must be entered (Sec. 3.5.1)

• CMC difference operation must be setup (Sec. 3.6).

1) Select desired illuminant/observer (see Sec. 3.3).

l 2 . 0 0

DIF

2) Select L*C*h° difference mode function.

3) Center target window over area to be compared.

4) Lower unit to target window and hold compressed. "Reading LcCcHc C2" (i.e.,

the selected illum/obs) will momentarily be displayed, and then the reference
location and data. Release the unit.

5) The display will show the difference

CMC Difference Values

between the reference color and
sample, and the ∆E

CMC

value.

•Pressing the [DIF] key will toggle

the display between the absolute

Absolute

measurement values and the CMC
difference values.

> "CMC cf TOLERANCE

EXCEEDED" will display during a L*C*h° difference measurement when DECMC value

exceeds the cf (commercial factor) value.

> LcCcHc are values used for calculating ∆E

and are not ∆L*, ∆C*, and ∆H*.

cmc

20

3.7 Measurement Averaging Procedure

When averaging is activated in setup, averaging operation will occur on absolute

measurements, reference entry measurements, and difference measurements.

There are two averaging methods that are used: (refer Sec. 5.1 to activate

averaging):

• SAMPLES AVERAGED - allows you to enter the number of measurements you
will make (1-99) at various locations on a sample, to obtain an average value.

• SUB AVERAGE - allows you to enter the number of measurements the unit
will take (1-6) on a sample at a single location, to obtain an average value.

> When average and sub average are set to one, no averaging is performed and no

averaging messages will be displayed.

The following example was taken in the absolute measurement mode using: XYZ

function, two sub averages, and two measurement averages.

1) Press [FUNCTION] to select XYZ

measurement space.

2) Center the target window over first

area on the sample to be measured.

TARGET
WINDOW

3) Lower unit to target window and

hold compressed. "READING XYZ

C2 1 OF 2", "2 OF 2", and the data

is display.

After releasing the read head,

"MEASURE SAMPLE 2 OF 2" is

displayed.

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

PRESS

MEASURE SAMPLE

XYZ C

Y 65.03 Z 23.02

READING XYZ

READING XYZ

C

CAL

2

2

2 OF 2

2 OF 2

1 OF 2

X 4 . 1 2
Z 2 . 4 1

DIF

X 63.90

C

C

2

2

21

Measurement Averaging Procedure . . . continued

C

2

4) Center the target window over

second area on the sample to
measure.

TARGET
WINDOW

5) Lower unit to target window and

hold compressed. "READING XYZ

C2 1 OF 2" and "2 OF 2" will

momentarily be displayed, and
then the averaged data.

6) The display will show the average

absolute values for XYZ.

X Y Z

X 63.91

Y 65.04 Z 23.02

AVERAGE

CALCULATED

READING XYZ

2 OF 2

READING XYZ

1 OF 2

FUNCTION

X Y Z X 63.91
Y 65.04

ILLUMINANT X VALUE

2

C

Z 23.02

2

C

2

C

> Do not jar or lift reading head

during sub averaging
measurements.

> Refer to Section 5.1 averaging

setup procedure.

> When averaging is activated, this

basic procedure must also be
followed during reference
measurements and difference
measurements.

Y VALUE Z VALUE

22

3.8 Store Data Operation

The data storage feature allows the unit to store measurement data for up to 500

readings. (Refer to Sec. 5.4 to activate.)

There are four basic operations of the store data function that can be utilized in

the store data function.

• Group Selection - group tagging allows you to assign group numbers to the
stored values. Group tagging is only accessable through RCI with a software
package such as SpectroStart.

• Send data - allows all of the stored data to be transferred to a computer or
serial printer. Data is sent as determined by the function displayed and modes
enabled.

• Delete last - allows only the last measurement data to be deleted from stored
memory.

• Clear all - causes all of the measured data in stored memory to be deleted.

The following sample (made in XYZ absolute) illustrates the different functions

of the data storage feature.

MEASUREMENT

1) Press [FUNCTION] to select XYZ

measurement space.

2) Measure first sample.

"READING XYZ C2" is momentarily

displayed, then the measurement.
Upon release of the read head,

"DATA STORED 1 OF 500" and then

the measurement is displayed.

2

C

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7 Z 2 . 4 1

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

PRESS

2

XYZ C

Y 3.47 Z 4.25

DATA STORED

1 OF 500

2

XYZ C

Y 3.47 Z 4.25

READING XYZ

X 3.41

X 3.41

X 4 . 1 2

DIF

2

C

23

Store Data Operation . . . continued

3) Measure second sample.

"READING XYZ C2" is momentarily

displayed, then the measurement.
Upon release of the read head,

"DATA STORED 2 OF 500" and then

the measurement is displayed.

SEND DATA

4) Press both [ILLUM] and [DIF] at the

same time.

XYZ

X 3.45

2

C

Y 3.52 Z 4.29

DATA STORED

2 OF 500

XYZ C

2

X 3.45

Y 3.52 Z 4.29

READING XYZ

XYZ

X 3.45

2

C

Y 3.52 Z 4.29

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

2

C

DIF

5) Press [DIF] to transfer data (go to

Step 7).
If "NO" is selected, press

[FUNCTION] and advance to Step 6.

Sample Printout

24

NEXT
STEP

PRESS AT SAME TIME

DATA TRANSFER

COMPLETE

TRANSMITTING

2 OF 2

TRANSMITTING

1 OF 2

SEND DATA ?

NO

2 YES

PRESS

Store Data Operation . . . continued

DELETE LAST MEASUREMENT

6) Press [DIF] to delete the last

measurement made (this step can
be repeated to delete several of the
last measurements).
If "NO" is selected, press

[FUNCTION] and advance to Step 7.

CLEAR ALL DATA

7) Press [DIF] to clear all stored

measurement data taken.
If "NO" is selected, press

[FUNCTION] to return to normal

operation.

> The Send/Clear data function may

be exited at anytime by pressing
[FUNCTION] and [ILLUM] at the
same time.

> Refer to Section 5.4 to activate

the store data function.

> "STORAGE FULL" will display on

all measurements after 500 stored
measurements has been reached

NEXT
STEP

NORMAL
OPERATION

DELETE LAST ?

NO

DELETE LAST ?

NO

Number of Measurements Stored

XYZ C

Y 3.52

NO

1 YES

LAST DELETED

2 YES

2

DATA CLEARED

CLEAR ALL ?

X 3.45

Z 4.29

2 YES

PRESS

PRESS

25

3.9 Display Messages

The most likely reasons for error messages to display are described below. If an
error message is consistently displayed, contact X-Rite or an Authorized Service
Center.

Power-Up Messages

"MEMORY LOST" is displayed when the instrument determines that the data in the

(battery backed up) RAM has been corrupted, if the internal lithium battery on
the P.C.B. is bad, or if a new EPROM has been installed.

Operational Messages

"CMC cf TOLERANCE EXCEEDED" is displayed during a L*C*h° difference

measurement when ∆E

"C2 ONLY FOR - YELLOWNESS" is displayed when trying to select an

illuminant other than C2 for Yellowness.

"INVALID READING" is displayed when the unit is not held down long enough

during a measurement.

"NEED CALIBRATION" is displayed if the calibration procedure is not performed

for 24 hours, or if there is a 10°C change in temperature since the last calibration.

"READING COMPLETE" measurement has been taken and the instrument can be released.
"READING XYZ C2" is displayed during a measurement. XYZ can be any of the

functions and C2 can be any of the illum/obs combinations.

"REFERENCES - NOT CHANGED" is displayed after leaving the Reference Entry

function, and no change was made.

"REFERENCES UPDATED" is displayed when

simultaneously pressed, when exiting reference mode.

"SELECT ILLUMINANT" is displayed when the

seconds, activating illuminant selection.

"SET REF VALUES - ENTER or MEASURE" is displayed if the difference mode

is on, and the

[DIF]

key has been held down for three seconds, activating

reference entry mode.

"SET REF VALUES - MEASURE ONLY" is displayed in ∆WHT and ∆YEL when

reference entry mode is enabled. You can only enter these reference values by
measurement.

value exceeds the cf (commercial factor) value.

CMC

[FUNCTION]

[ILLUM]

key is held down for three

and

[ILLUM]

are

"UPDATING REFS ## - CLEAR REFS↓" when the illuminant/observer is

changed the stored references are automatically updated. This message also
allows you to clear out all stored references (see Section 3.3 for more details).

"USE ANOTHER COLOR SPACE" is displayed when you try to enter the

reference value numerically in ∆WHT and ∆YEL. You can only enter the
reference values by measurement.

Calibration Messages

"CALIBRATION - FAILED" is displayed when making a calibration measurement

and something is wrong (invalid reading or data is out of range).

26

Display Messages . . . continued

"CALIBRATION - NOT CHANGED" is displayed when the user decides to terminate

the calibration procedure by simultaneously pressing

[FUNCTION]

and

[ILLUM]

.

"CALIBRATION - UPDATED" is displayed after the calibration procedure has been

successfully completed.

"CAL ERROR ### - CELL CHANGE" make sure that calibration plaque is clean and

instrument is positioned exactly on the white spot. If the error persists, the number
that is displayed should be reported to X-Rite or an authorized service center.

"CAL ERROR ### - MOTION DETECTED" calibration requires that the

instrument remain motionless during the five measurements of the white spot. If
the error persists and is not due to movement, the number that is displayed
should be reported to X-Rite or an authorized service center.

"INVALID ENTRY" is displayed when the numbers entered for the white values are

inappropriate.

"INSUFFICIENT READINGS" indicates that all sub-average readings were not made.

Miscellaneous Messages

"BATTERIES LOW" indicates that the batteries are getting low and will soon need

to be charged. It will only be displayed while the measurement is in progress.
Once displayed you will have approximately 100-200 measurements remaining
before charging is mandatory.

"BATTERIES MUST - BE CHARGED" indicates that the batteries are too low to

operate the unit. It will be displayed until you begin the recharge cycle,
thereafter, the unit will be functional and all previous data will be accessible.

"I/O NOT READY - check I/O PIN 5" is displayed when I/O pin 5 is set to "CTS"

in modes and the unit is not connected to a printer or computer. Set handshake
to "OFF" if unit is not connected to a printer or computer.

"LAMP FAILURE" measurement lamp is bad. The lamp should be replaced by

X-Rite or an authorized X-Rite service center. When this message occurs, you
can get out of this condition by pressing

[FUNCTION]

then

; or waiting until the unit powers down.

"READING ERROR ##" reading error due to hardware problem. If this message

persists the number that is displayed should be reported to X-Rite or an
authorized service center.

"REFL. EXCEEDED" calculation of reflectance for at least one of the 20nm

segments was more than 200%. This is usually caused by a bad calibration
procedure. Recalibrate unit.

"THANKS! - I NEEDED THAT!" indicates that the charger has been plugged in and

the batteries are being charged. This is in response to the message
"BATTERIES MUST BE CHARGED".

"WEAK LAMP - REPLACE SOON" indicates that the lamp is getting weak and

should be replaced in the near future. When this message occurs, you can get
out of this condition by pressing

[FUNCTION]

waiting until unit powers down.

"X-Rite VER#### - COPYRIGHT 1990" is displayed when first activating

calibration. #### represents the datecode of the software.

[FUNCTION]

[ILLUM]

then

then

[ILLUM]

then

[FUNCTION]

; or

27

4. Calibration

The 948 & 968 should be calibrated to the X-Rite standard the first thing each day
and every four hours of operation thereafter. However, a "NEED CALIBRATION"
message will appear in the display:

•If the calibration procedure has not been performed for 24 hours.

•If there is a 10°C change in temperature since the last calibration.

•If zero reflectance is measured improperly.

•If the lamp output changes.

Whenever this message appears the calibration procedure should be performed
before another measurement is taken to ensure accuracy.

Important Calibration Notes

• If you change apertures you must change the aperture setting, read zero

reflectance, & calibrate the unit (see Section 4.2, steps 1, 2, & 5a thru 5d).

• Dirt or dust in the optics area will cause an inaccurate calibration reading.

Refer to Section 8.2 for the optics cleaning procedure.

• The ceramic Reflection Standard is dramatically affected by smudge

marks, dust, and finger prints. The standard should be cleaned using a mild

soap and warm water solution, thoroughly rinsed with warm water, and wiped
dry with a lint free cloth. You must let the standard dry completely before
taking a calibration reading.

• If you are having linearity problems it’s possible that there is dust in the

optics or Zero Reflectance has drifted. If you improperly measure Zero
Reflectance the unit can not automatically detect the drift. If you suspect this
is the case, you should manually activate Read Zero Reflectance by
performing Steps 1, 2, & 5 of Section 4.2.

• Do not move the 948/968 while taking a calibration measurement. If motion

is detected an error message will be displayed and calibration aborted.

28

4.1 Positioning the 968 Onto the X-Rite Standard

You must set the 948/968 on the white standard so that the maximum amount of
the bottom rubber pad of the shoe resides on the standard, and the target is centered
on the circle. If you do not, the unit may rock slightly and cause an erroneous reading
of the standard.

1) Center the target window on the White circle, making sure that the rubber pad is

completely on the standard and is down flat.

2) Take the measurement.

BOTTOM VIEW

29

Shown below is an IMPROPER METHOD of measuring the standard.

BOTTOM VIEW

INCORRECT!

30

X-Rite Reflection Standard

X-Rite

Reflection Standard
P/N 968-62
Serial No. CXXXXXXXP-XXXXX
Date XX/XX/XX

WAVE

[nm]

390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
710

Refer to section in operation manual
appendix for procedure to obtain
reference values.

®

REFL

[%]

62.10

76.70

81.88

85.02

85.99

86.12

86.48

86.74

87.05

87.42

87.36

87.08

86.72

86.25

85.71

85.18

84.52

84.02

83.35

82.69

81.99

CALIBRATION

CHECK

C/2 (WHITE)

L*
a*

b*

Instrument Model No.

Instrument Serial No.

COLOR CHECK

DATE: TEMP:
ILLUM/OBS:

REFERENCES VALUES

STEP
1 (White)
2 (Blue)
3 (Brown)

APERT:

L* a* b*

Notes:

IMPORTANT!

The standard is dramatically affected
by smudge marks and dust; and must
be kept clean.

The Calibration Values for the white spot are affected by the environment

and cleaning method of the standard.

If the white spot does not measure correctly, it could be that the unit
needs to be calibrated; there is dust in the optics; or the standard has
smudge marks or is dirty.

The ceramic standard should be cleaned using a mild soap and warm
water solution, thoroughly rinsed with warm water, and wiped dry with a
clean, lint free cloth.

If you lose your envelope, you can obtain the calibration values from the
back page of this manual, or, by looking at them in the calibration
procedure. Otherwise, you can contact X-Rite with the serial number of
your standard and get the values.

31

4.2 Calibrating to the White Standard

> If you are changing aperture size: Do steps 1, 2, & 5a thru 5d. Skip steps 3 & 4.

1) Press both

[ILLUM]

2) Select

[FUNCTION]

at the same time.

"YES"

, press

[DIF].

and

The copyright and software
version are momentarily
displayed.

3) "READ CAL WHITE" is displayed.

At this point you have two
options:

• You can measure the white

spot on the standard (go to
step 4). This is standard
operating procedure.

2

X Y Z

C

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

PRESS AT SAME TIME

X-Rite

X 4 . 1 2

Z 2 . 4 1

Ver XXXX

Copyright

CALIBRATE ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

READ CAL WHITE

5

SEC

READ CAL WHITE

EXIT CHANGE

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

DIF

1990

YES

DIF

PRESS

DIF

• Or, you can press [CHANGE]

to change the calibration
values for the 21 different
spectral values or to change
the aperture setting. This

procedure is only used
when you want to
calibrate to a different
standard or you change
apertures. Go to step 6.

32

Calibrating to a White Standard . . . continued

4) Measure the WHITE patch on the

standard. You must hold the unit
depressed until all five readings
have been completed.

> You must set the unit on the

standard so that the maximum
amount of the bottom rubber pad
of the shoe resides on the
standard (refer to Section 4.1).

"CAL READING 1 OF 5" thru "CAL

READING 5 OF 5" is displayed; then
"CALIBRATION UPDATED." The

procedure is finalized and the
unit returns back to main menu.

> During the Cal Reading, the read

head must remain down and
stable or an error message may
occur.

> If "PLEASE WAIT XX (1-30)

SECONDS" is displayed during
calibration, continue to hold read
head down until calibration
readings are over. This will only
occur if the calibration procedure
is performed within 30 seconds of
a previous measurement.

> If "READ ZERO

REFLECTANCE" is displayed
after reading the white spot, go

to step 5. This will only occur if
the calibration values for zero
reflectance have drifted.

CALIBRATION

UPDATED

CAL READING

5 OF 5

CAL READING

4 OF 5

CAL READING

3 OF 5

CAL READING

2 OF 5

CAL READING

1 OF 5

WHITE

THE FOLLOWING STEPS (5 & 6) ARE ONLY NECESSARY IF YOU WANT TO MEASURE
ZERO REFLECTANCE, CHANGE SPECTRAL VALUES, or CHANGE APERTURE SIZE.

5) Steps 5a - 5d are only necessary if "READ ZERO REFLECTANCE" is displayed,

you want to manually activate Zero Reflectance Measurement, or YOU WANT TO
CHANGE APERTURE SIZE.

Zero Reflectance is defined as, "measuring air with no ambient light".
This can be accomplished by holding the unit depressed (take a reading) in a

dark room. In some cases, it is possible to just take a reading under a desk with
no direct light.

To manually activate zero reflectance measurement or you want to
change aperture size, see next page.

33

Zero Reflectance/Aperture size Setting . . . continued

5a) Press [CHANGE].

READ CAL WHITE

EXIT CHANGE

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

DIF

PRESS

5b) Press [NO].

5c) Press [NEXT] if the aperture size is

correct (go to step 5d).

If the aperture size is wrong press

[DIF] to change size.

> If you change aperture size you will be

sent back to step 5a after pressing

[NEXT]. At that point you must read
Cal White, then Zero Reflectance.

5d) Measure Zero Reflectance.

> You must measure Cal White after

Zero Reflectance, if you manually
selected Zero reflectance

6a) Steps 6a - 6c are only necessary if

you want to change the 21 spectral
calibration values.

Press [YES]

NEW CAL VALUES?

NO YES

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

PRESS

APERTURE = 8.0mm

NEXT

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

READ ZERO REFL.

EXIT

NEW CAL VALUES?

NO YES

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

TOGGLE

DIF

DIF

4.0mm

8.0mm
20 mm

DIF

6b) Enter the value for 390nm.

[DIF]

> The

key advances the cursor to

the next value to be edited.

[DIF]

> Hold

to decrease value or

depressed then press

[

]

s

to increase

value.

6c) After entering value press

[FUNCTION] to advance.

Enter the value for 400nm.
Repeat procedure for all values

After entering all 21 spectral
values go back to step 4.

[t]

SET 390nm VALUE

FUNCTION ILLUM

DECREASE +

SET 400nm VALUE

NEXT

FUNCTION ILLUM

DECREASE

34

CAL

INCREASE

CAL

INCREASE

53.22NEXT

DIF

ADVANCE

+

53.22

DIF

ADVANCE

+
+

5. Setting System Parameters

5.1 Averaging

The averaging feature allows the unit to make several measurements from the same

and/or different locations on a sample. This will allow you to have a better overall
average of a sample color. The averaging feature has two functions:

• SAMPLES AVERAGED - allows you to enter the number of measurements

you will make (1-99) at various locations on the sample, to obtain an average
value.

• SUB AVERAGE - allows you to enter the number of measurements the unit

will take (1-6) on a sample at a single location, to obtain an average value.

> When average and sub average are set to one, no averaging is performed and no

averaging messages will be displayed.

1) Press both [FUNCTION] and [ILLUM]

at the same time.

> To exit Average Setup: Press

[FUNCTION] and [ILLUM] at the
same time and the unit will return
back to normal operation.

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7 Z 2 . 4 1

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

2

C

X 4 . 1 2

DIF

2) Select "NO", press [FUNCTION].

PRESS

35

PRESS AT SAME TIME

CALIBRATE ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

YES

DIF

Averaging . . . continued

3) Select "YES", press [DIF].

4) Select the amount (1-99) of sample

measurements required.

• Hold down [DIF] and press [t]

to decrease the sample
measurement number or press
[s] to increase the sample
measure number.

• Press [FUNCTION] to advance to

the Sub Average number entry.

5) Select the amount (1-6) of sub

average measurement required.

ADVANCE

SET AVERAGING ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

SAMPLES AVERAGED

NEXT

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

INCREASEDECREASE +

SUB AVERAGE

NEXT TOGGLE

YES

DIF

PRESS

01

DIF

+

1

• Press [DIF] to select sub

average number.

6) Press [NEXT] to return to "SET

AVERAGING?" Menu. Or, press

[FUNCTION] and [ILLUM] at the
same time to exit to normal
operation.

36

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

DIF

PRESS

1 - 6

5.2 Operation Parameters

Operation setup allows you to select various options, and individually turn on/off

certain functions. When a function is turned off it will not be displayed during
operation.

CAL

2

C

X 4 . 1 2

Z 2 . 4 1

DIF

1) Press both

[FUNCTION]

at the same time.

> To exit Operation Setup:

Press [FUNCTION] and [ILLUM]
at the same time and the unit will
return back to normal operation.

and

[ILLUM]

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

PRESS AT SAME TIME

2) Select "NO", press

[FUNCTION]

twice.

3) Select "YES", press

The procedure for the following steps is to press
particular function on or off. Press

[DIF]

.

[NEXT]

to advance to the next step.

4) Select tone SOFT TONE, LOUD

TONE, or TONE OFF.

5) Select XYZ ON, X%Y%Z% (RBG) ON,

or OFF.

PRESS
TWICE

[TOGGLE]

SOFT TONE

NEXT

XYZ ON

NEXT

CALIBRATE ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

YES

DIF

OPERATION ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

YES

DIF

PRESS

to change an option, or to turn a

TOGGLE

PRESS

TOGGLE

PRESS

(RGB) ON

XYZ OFF

SOFT
LOUD

OFF

XYZ ON
X%Y%Z%

37

Operation Parameters setup . . . continued

6) Select Yxy ON or OFF.

7) Select Lab (CIE), Lab (Hunter), or

OFF.

8) Select L*u*v* ON or OFF.

9) Select L*C*h° ab, CMC, uv, or OFF.

10) Select Whiteness ON or OFF.

11) Select Yellowness ON or OFF.

Yxy ON

NEXT

Lab (CIE) ON

NEXT

Luv ON

NEXT

LCh (ab) ON

NEXT

WHT ON

NEXT

YEL ON

NEXT

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

PRESS

PRESS

PRESS

PRESS

PRESS

PRESS

ON
OFF

(CIE) ON
(HUNTER)
ON

OFF

ON
OFF

(ab) ON
(CMC) ON
(uv) ON

OFF

ON
OFF

ON
OFF

12) Select Auto Reference ON or

OFF. When set to On, a

reference is automatically
selected during a measurement.
When set to Off, a reference
must manually be selected
before a measurement.

> Exit via [NEXT] OR press

[FUNCTION] & [ILLUM] at the

same time to return back to
normal operation.

AUTO REF ON

NEXT

BACK TO STEP 3

38

TOGGLE

PRESS

ON
OFF

5.3 RS232 I/O Parameters

Your instrument comes equipped with a serial port that allows data to be

transmitted/received to/from an external device. Listed below are the available I/O
parameters.

• "RCI ON/OFF" (Remote Control Interface) - enables or disables the ability

to externally control the 948/968 via the I/O port.

• "BAUD" - determines the input/output rate (characters per second) of the

I/O port. Available outputs are: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600.

• "CR WITH LF/CR WITH NO LF" (Carriage Return with Line

Feed/Carriage Return with no Line Feed) - varies the delimiter at the end of
each line of data. When set to CR WITH NO LINE FEED, just a Carriage
Return is sent at the end of a line of data. When set to CR WITH LF, a
Carriage Return and then a Line Feed are sent at the end of a line of data.

• "HANDSHAKE" is used for data transmission. Handshake may be set to

HANDSHAKE OFF (ASCII = 13H), PIN 5 CTS (Clear to Send), PIN 5
BUSY, or XON/XOFF ENABLED (ASCII = 11H). Handshake should
normally be set to OFF when it is not being used.

1) Press both

[FUNCTION]

the same time.

> To exit I/O Setup: Press

[FUNCTION] and [ILLUM] at the
same time and the unit will return
back to normal operation.

2) Select "NO", press

times.

[ILLUM]

and

[FUNCTION]

three

at

39

PRESS
THREE

TIMES

2

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

PRESS AT SAME TIME

FUNCTION ILLUM

C

CAL

CALIBRATE ?

NO

CAL

X 4 . 1 2

Z 2 . 4 1

DIF

YES

DIF

RS232 I/O setup...continued

3) Select "YES", press

[DIF]

.

SETUP I/O ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

> The basic procedure for the following steps is to press [TOGGLE] to set the I/O

parameter. Press [NEXT] to advance to the next step.

4) Select RCI ON or OFF.

5) Select the BAUD Rate.

6) Select Carriage Return with

or without Line Feed.

RCI ON

NEXT

BAUD 1200

NEXT

CR WITH LF

NEXT

TOGGLE

PRESS

TOGGLE

PRESS

TOGGLE

PRESS

YES

DIF

PRESS

ON
OFF

1200
2400
4800
9600

300
600

CR WITH LF
CR WITH NO LF

7) Select HANDSHAKE OFF, PIN

5 CTS, PIN 5 BUSY, or
XON/OFF ENABLED.

Exit via [NEXT] OR press
[FUNCTION] & [ILLUM] at

the same time to return
back to normal operation.

HANDSHAKE OFF

NEXT

BACK TO STEP 3

40

TOGGLE

PRESS

HANDSHAKE OFF
PIN 5 CTS
PIN 5 BUSY
XON/XOFF ENABLED

5.4 Format Output Parameters

This procedure allows you set the output format of the RS232 port. Refer to

Section 6 for sample print outs. Listed below are the available options.

• AUTO PRINTOUT/STORE DATA/PRINTOUT OFF - determines if data

will be transmitted after each measurement, stored until transmitted, or not
allow data transfer.

AUTO PRINTOUT - enables the unit to transmit data after each measurement.
STORE DATA - allows the unit to store up to 500 measurements.
PRINTOUT OFF - disables the ability to output data via the RS232 port from a

reading.

• COMPUTER/PRINTER/SPECTRAL - selects the output format of the data

being transmitted.

COMPUTER FORMAT (used for wide printers) - transmits a group of data values per
line of print (see Section 6, Print Example 2).

PRINTER FORMAT (used for narrow printers) - transmits a group of data values in a
single column format (see Section 6, Print Example 1).

SPECTRAL FORMAT (968 ONLY) - transmits the measurement values for each
wavelength (400nm - 700nm) in 10 nanometer increments (see Section 6, Print
Examples 4 & 5).

• ALL PRINT OFF/ON - determines which functions (XYZ, Yxy, etc.) are

transmitted. When set to OFF, only the active function will be
transmitted. When set to ON, all the functions that are turned on in the
"Operation Parameters" are transmitted.

• PRINT HEADER OFF/ON - enables or disables the header (XYZ, Yxy,

etc.) during transmit.

• PRINT REF OFF/ON (Reference) - disables or enables the Reference

values during transmit.

• DEC. POINT ON/OFF (Decimal Point) - enables or disables the

decimal point during transmit.

CAL

2

C

X 4 . 1 2

Z 2 . 4 1

1) Press both

[ILLUM]

[FUNCTION]

at the same time.

> To exit Format Setup:

Press [FUNCTION] and
[ILLUM] at the same time
and the unit will return back to
normal operation

and

X Y Z

Y 2 . 8 7

FUNCTION ILLUM

PRESS AT SAME TIME

41

DIF

Format Output setup . . . continued

SPECTRAL OUTPUT (968 only)

2) Select "NO", press

times.

3) Select "YES", press

[FUNCTION]

[DIF]

.

four

PRESS

FOUR

TIMES

CALIBRATE ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

FORMAT OUTPUT ?

NO

FUNCTION ILLUM

CAL

> The basic procedure for the following steps is to press [TOGGLE] to set the format.

Press [NEXT] to advance to the next step.

4) Select Auto Printout, Store

Data or Printout Off.

5) Select Computer, Printer, or

Spectral.

AUTO PRINTOUT

NEXT TOGGLE

COMPUTER OUTPUT

NEXT

TOGGLE

PRESS

PRESS

AUTO PRINTOUT
STORE DATA
PRINTOUT OFF

COMPUTER OUTPUT
PRINTER OUTPUT

YES

DIF

YES

DIF

PRESS

6) Select All Print OFF or ON.

7) Select Print Header OFF or

ON.

8) Select Print Reference OFF or

ON.

9) Select Decimal Point ON or

OFF.

> Exit via [NEXT] OR press

[FUNCTION] & [ILLUM] at

same time.

ALL PRINT OFF

NEXT

PRINT HEADER OFF

NEXT

PRINT REF OFF

NEXT

DEC. POINT ON

NEXT

BACK TO STEP 3

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

TOGGLE

42

PRESS

PRESS

PRESS

PRESS

OFF
ON

OFF
ON

OFF
ON

ON
OFF

6. Printing Data

The RS232 parameters for the 948/968 serial interface are configured in Section

5.3. The variables are:

•Remote Control Interface (On/Off)

•Baud Rate (300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600)

•Carriage Return (With or Without Line Feed)

•Handshake (Off, Pin 5 CTS, Pin 5 Busy, or XON/XOFF Enabled)

The manner in which output data is arranged is determined by the Format Output

Parameter settings in Section 5.4. The variables are:

•Printout (Auto, Store Data, Off)

•Output Type (Computer, Printer, Spectral)

•All Print (On/Off)

•Print Header (On/Off)

•Print References (On/Off)

•Decimal Point (On/Off)

Data is transmitted from the serial port after each measurement if "Printout" is set

to Auto. The display will show "TRANSMITTING DATA" while transmission is
taking place, and then return back to normal operation.

The following three pages contain some examples of the different types of outputs

that can be obtained according to the Format Output Parameter settings.

43

Print Example 1:

• Printer ON

• All Print ON

• Header ON

• References ON

• Decimal Point ON

> If Header, References, or

Decimal Point are turned

OFF, they will not print.

> If All Print is OFF, only the

data for the active color
space will print.

44

Print Example 2:

• Computer ON

• All Print ON

• Header ON

• References ON

• Decimal Point ON

> If Header,

References, or
Decimal Point are

turned OFF, they will
not print.

> If All Print is OFF, only

the data for the active
color space will print ­See Print Example 3,
below.

Print Example 3:

• Computer ON

• All Print OFF

• Header OFF

• References OFF

• Decimal Point ON

45

• Spectral ON

• All Print ON

• Header ON

• References ON

• Decimal Point ON

> If Header,

References, or
Decimal Point are

turned OFF, they will
not print- See Print
Example 5, below.

> All Print does not

affect the print out
when Spectral in on.

Print Example 5:

• Spectral ON

• All Print ON

• Header OFF

• References OFF

• Decimal Point ON

46

7. Changing Apertures

X-Rite has three different aperture kits available for the 948 & 968, and they are

listed below.

• 8mm/4mm Aperture Kit P/N 968-100-08

• 8mm UV Excluded Aperture Attachment P/N 968-61-08E

• 20mm Aperture Kit P/N 968-100-20

Each aperture kit includes the aperture, sensor nose, extra target windows, and a

specially designed aperture wrench.

APERTURE INSTALLATION

1) Unscrew the two thumb screws [1], then remove the nose piece [2].

2) To install the 4mm aperture attachment; screw the 4mm aperture attachment [3]
onto the 8mm aperture [4]. The 4mm aperture attachment must be screwed on
finger tight; then advance to Step 6 on following page.

To install the 8mm or 20mm aperture; advance to Step 3.

[4]

[3]

47

[2]

[1]

Changing Apertures . . . continued

3) Unscrew the existing aperture [5] with the aperture wrench [6].

Note: The aperture wrench tool has two sides, one side fits the 8mm aperture and

the other fits the 20mm aperture.
The aperture wrench has two pins that fit into the holes in the aperture.

INSERT PINS INTO THE HOLES IN THE
APERTURE, THEN TURN
COUNTERCLOCKWISE TO REMOVE.

[6]

[5]

[7]

4) Screw in the new aperture using the aperture wrench.

IMPORTANT! The new aperture must be clean.

5) Attach the new nose piece to the housing with two thumb screws.

Note: When you tighten the thumb screws, be sure that the nose piece is flush

against the housing. Gently tighten one screw, then the other. Then finish
tightening both screws.

IMPORTANT! The new nose piece must be clean.

6) Replace the existing target window [7] with the new target window.

Refer to Section 8.4, Target Window Replacement for this procedure.

Note: If you switch back and forth between the 4mm and 8mm aperture, it is
possible to use the 8mm target window with the 4mm aperture.

If you’re very careful you can reuse the target window several times.

7) Change the aperture setting and recalibrate the unit.

Refer to Section 4.2, steps 1, 2, & 5a thru 5d for this procedure.

48

8. Maintenance

8.1. Troubleshooting

The X-Rite 948/968 is covered by a one year limited warranty (excluding ni-cad
batteries) and should be referred to the factory or authorized service center for repair
within the warranty period. Attempts to make repairs within this time frame may
void the warranty.

X-Rite provides a factory repair service to their customers. Because of the
complexity of the circuitry all circuit repairs should be referred to the factory or an
authorized service center.

X-Rite will repair any 948/968 past warranty. Shipping costs to the factory or to
an authorized service center shall be paid by the customer and the instrument shall
be submitted in its original carton, as a complete unaltered unit.

CAUTION: DO NOT use any ketone solvents to remove ink from the
unit. This will cause damage to the cover.

IMPORTANT! ALWAYS CHECK TO SEE IF READ LAMP IS WORKING BEFORE
TROUBLESHOOTING.

-----TROUBLESHOOTING CHART------

A. If a wrong reading exists:

1. Recalibrate unit.

2. Clean Optics.

3 Contact authorized service center.

B. Unit does not turn on.

1. Check for low batteries.

2. Contact authorized service center.

C. Display not working.

1. Check for low batteries.

2. Contact authorized service center.

D. Reading Drifts.

1. Clean Optics.

2. Recalibrate unit.

3. Contact authorized service center.

E. Unit will not calibrate properly.

1. Dirty reference.

2. Optics dirty.

3. Contact authorized service center.

49

8.2. Optics Cleaning

The target window and optics should be cleaned once a week in normal
environments; and more often in dirty or dusty environments.

Target Window

1. Remove dust and lint from target window by wiping it with a clean, lint free cloth,

slightly moistened with water.

Optics

1. Unscrew the two thumb screws [1] and remove the nose piece [2].

Remove dust from aperture with camel hair brush or a camera lens cleaner [3].

[2]

[1]

[3]

2. Blow short bursts of air into the optics opening using a camera lens cleaner (with

the brush removed) until all dust is removed. This can be done with the nose
piece removed or attached.

WARNING! Do not use an air can that uses freon as a propellant.

Doing so could cause damage to the optics assembly.

50

8.3. Battery Replacement

1. Set the 948/968 on it’s side and lock shoe in place. The shoe must be locked.

2. Slide battery access door [1] toward bottom of unit and remove.

3. Disconnect plug [4] and pull battery pack [2] out of unit.

4. Remove old AA NI-CAD batteries [3], and install six fresh AA NI-CAD

(recognizing proper polarity).

5. Slide battery pack [2] into unit, and reconnect battery plug [4]. Reinstall
battery access door [1].

6. Unlock shoe.

7. Unit should be charged for 24 hours after new battery installation is performed.

Batteries P/N SE15-19 (6 Required)

[3]

[1]

[4]

[2]

[3]

51

8.4. Target Window Replacement

1. Remove old target window [2] by pushing downward from top of shoe [1].

2. Place the instrument on end and align the target window so that the word "front"

runs parallel with the top edge of the shoe [1].

3. Insert one edge (top or bottom) of the new target window [2] in the opening of the
shoe [1].

4. Place the other side of the target window [2] in the shoe [1] by snapping into
position.

[1]

[2]

Target Window Part Numbers
968-121-20 (20mm)
968-121-08 (8mm)
968-121-04 (4mm)

Front Edge

52

8.5. Lamp Replacement

Due to the circuit complexity, alignment procedures, and test equipment required

- The read lamp should only be replaced by X-Rite or an authorized X-Rite

Service Center.

The lamp is monitored for intensity and failure warnings will be displayed if a

problem occurs.

The lamp should last approximately one million measurements and is covered by

a one year limited warranty. Refer to the Limited Warranty statement on page iii.

53

A1 Specifications

Measuring Functions: Absolute Difference Indices:

CIE XYZ ∆(XYZ)
X%Y%Z% ∆(X%Y%Z%)
CIE Yxy ∆(Yxy)
CIE LAB ∆(L*a*b*) ∆E*
Hunter LAB ∆(Lab) ∆E
CIE LUV ∆(L*u*v*) ∆E*
CIE LCH ∆(L*C*H*) ∆E*(ab, CMC, or uv space)

Display: 2 row by 16 character Supertwist dot matrix LCD
Measuring Geometry: 0°/45°, fiber optic pickup, multi-sensor array

Measuring Area: 8.0mm & 4.0mm (20mm optional)
Light Source: Gas filled tungsten lamp, approx. 2856°Κ

(corrected for D65 illuminant)

Illuminant Types: C, D65, D

A, F2 (cool white fluorescent),

50,

F7 (broad-band white fluorescent),
F11 (TL84), & F12 (Ultralume 3000)

Standard Observers: 2° & 10°
Measurement Range: 0 to 200% reflectance
Spectral Range: 400nm - 700nm
Spectral Interval: 20nm (15nm bandwidth)
Resolution: .01%

Inter-Instrument Agreement: 948: 0.40∆E*ab average (Based on average of 12 BCRA tiles)

968: 0.20∆E*ab average (Based on average of 12 BCRA tiles)

Short Term Repeatability: 948: 0.10 max ∆E*ab on a white ceramic (20 measurements)

968: 0.05 max ∆E*ab on a white ceramic (20 measurements)

Warm Up Time: None
Measurements Per Charge: Approx. 1000 typical
Measuring Time: Approx. 2 seconds
Data Interface: Patented Bidirectional RS-232, 300 to 9600 baud

(user selectable), bipolar output

Power Supply: Six rechargeable AA NiCad batteries

7.2v total rated @ 600mAh (included)

Charge Time: Approx. 14 hours
AC Adaptor Requirements: 948/968 90 - 130VAC, 50 - 60Hz, 18W Max.

948X/968X 180 - 260VAC, 50 - 60Hz, 20W Max.
12VDC @ 700ma: Positive Tip

Operating Temp. Range: 50° - 104°F (10° - 40°C)

ab

uv

Whiteness per ASTM E313
Whiteness & Tint per CIE
Yellowness per ASTM E313
Yellowness per ASTM D1925

54

Specifications . . . continued

Storage Temp. Range: -4° - 122°F (-20° - 50°C)
Weight: 2.3 lbs. (1050 grams)
Dimensions: 3 3/16" H x 3" W x 7 3/4" L

(81mm H x 76mm W x 197mm L)

Accessories Provided: Calibration Standard

Operation Manual
Reference Guide
AC Adaptor
Carrying Case

X-Rite standards are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

This product covered by U.S. Patent 4,591,978 and other patents pending.

Specifications and design subject to change without notice.

A2 Optional Accessories

Part Number

• QA-Master® (Quality Assurance software program) . . . . . 1255-00

• ColorStart® (948 Quality Control software program) . . . . 1220-00

• SpectroStart® (968 Quality Control software program) . . 1250-00

• 4/8mm Aperture Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968-100-08

• 20mm Aperture Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968-100-20

• 8mm Aperture Attachment (UV excluding). . . . . . . . . . . . 968-61-08E

• 948/968 Mounting Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968-80

• Security Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418-75

• Portable Thermal Printer (115VAC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418-113

• Portable Thermal Printer (230VAC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418X-113

• Interconnect cable for Macintosh computers

with 8 pin mini-DIN connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418-79

• Modular Interconnect Cable (requires adaptor below) . . . . . SE108-69

• DB25P DCE (Null Modem) Interface Adaptor . . . . . . . . . 418-70

• DB25S DCE (Null Modem) Interface Adaptor . . . . . . . . 418-71

• DB25P DTE (Normal) Interface Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418-80

• DB25S DTE (Normal) Interface Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418-81

• DB9P Interface Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418-90

• DB9S Interface Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418-91

• 4mm Target Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968-121-04

• 8mm Target Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968-121-08

• 20mm Target Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968-121-20

55

A3 Factory Presets

Shown below are the factory presets for the Averaging, Operation, I/O, and Format
parameters.

AVERAGING PARAMETERS

Average - 01
Sub Average - 1

OPERATION PARAMETERS

Tone - SOFT
XYZ - ON
Yxy - ON
L*a*b* - ON (CIE)
L*u*v* - ON

L*C*h° - ON (ab space)
Whiteness - ON
Yellowness - ON
Auto Reference - ON

RS232 I/O PARAMETERS

RCI - ON
BAUD RATE - 1200
CR/LF - Carriage Return With Line Feed
HANDSHAKE - OFF

FORMAT PARAMETERS

Printout - AUTO
Comp/Print/Spectral - COMPUTER
All Print - OFF
Print Header - OFF
Print Reference - OFF
Decimal Point - ON

The unit is shipped from the factory with function "L*a*b*" and illuminant/observer

°

2

"C

." If the memory is reset, the function, illum/obs, and all parameters will return to

the settings described above.

56

A4 Spectrophotometer Stand

X-Rite has an optional
mounting fixture available
(P/N 968-80). The fixture can
hold items that are a
maximum of four inches
wide, or two inches to the
center of the object.

ITEM TO BE
MEASURED

THE UNIT QUICKLY
ATTACHES TO THE
FIXTURE WITH A THUMB
SCREW ADJUSTMENT

HOLDS UNIT CLOSED

SPRING LOADED
HOLDING CLAMP

57

A5 Color Check

The color check procedure will help you track instrument color performance
to assure measurement accuracy. Initially, the three patches on the standard
should be measured once a day for a period of 10 days to determine the
reference values. Thereafter, a periodic check (once a week depending on usage)
is all that is required.

Located on the back of the reference standard envelope is a color check label.
The reference data should be recorded there for quick reference.

Reference Data Procedure

To obtain reference values:

1) Clean instrument optics and reference standard if necessary.

2) Calibrate instrument according to procedure in operation manual.
Note: The reference standard is dramatically affected by smudge marks and

dust; and must be kept clean.

3) Select L*a*b* absolute function and desired illuminant/observer.
Note: The selected illum/obs must be the same whenever the color check is

performed.

4) Measure the White (1), Blue (2), and Brown (3) patches on the reference
standard.

White Brown

5) Record the L*a*b* values for each color on a piece of paper.

6) Repeat steps 1-5 for 10 days.

Blue

58

Color Check . . . continued

7) After 10 days average the white, blue, and brown values and enter data in the
designated place on the color check label.

8) Enter date, illuminant, observer, aperture size, temperature, instrument
model, and serial number on color check label.
Note: Temperature of the reference standard should be maintained (±2°C)
throughout color check sequence.

Periodic Color Check Procedure

1) Copy reference data located on the color check label to the shaded areas on

the color check record located on the next page.

2) Perform steps 1-4 in reference data procedure.

3) Record the measured white, blue, and brown values and date on the color

check record on the next page.
Note: You may want to make several copies of the color check record before
entering any data. This will allow you to have additional pages available when
they are needed.

4) Compare measured values to the reference values.

• If values are off, clean optics and reference standard and remeasure.

• Consistent L*, a*, or b* differences exceeding .30 (or obvious trends away

from the reference data) may require the unit to be serviced. Contact
X-Rite or authorized service center if this is the case.

• Always verify color performance with the same aperture size, illum/obs,

and temperature.

59

COLOR CHECK RECORD

Date: Illuminant: Observer:
Temperature: Aperture Size: Model-S/N:

Reference White Blue Brown

Values L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b*

Date

60

X-Rite, Incorporated----World Headquarters

3100 44th Street, S.W. • Grandville, Michigan 49418 • U.S.A
www.x-rite.com • [phone]
Toll-Free U.S. Numbers
Tel: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
Toll-Free International Numbers
Tel: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

X-Rite GmbH

Stollwerckstraße 32 • 51149 Köln • Germany
Tel: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

X-Rite GmbH

Sochorova 705 • CZ-682 • 11 Vyskov • Czech Republic
Tel: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

X-Rite Asia Pacific Ltd.

Room 808-10 • Kornhill Metro Tower • 1 Kornhill Road
Hong Kong • Tel: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

X-Rite Ltd.

The Acumen Centre • First Avenue
Poynton, Cheshire • England
Tel: [phone]-871100 • Fax: [phone]-871444

X-Rite Méditerranée

Parc du moulin de Massy • 35, rue du Saule Trapu • 91300 Massy • France
Tel: [phone] • FAX [phone]

X-Rite Asia Pacific Limited-----Japan Office

1-7-11-506 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141 Japan
Tel: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

P/N 968-500 Rev. V-5/11/99