MiniPAT User Guide
This user guide will give you all the essential information needed
for interacting with and deploying a Wildlife Computers MiniPAT.
v.201901
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................... 2
About the MiniPAT ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Before you Begin.................................................................................................................................................... 3
Anatomy of a Tag ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Interacting with a Tag ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Configuring Tag Settings ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Tag Information ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Tag Release Sequence ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Data Product Settings ..........................................................................................................................................11
Transmission Settings ..........................................................................................................................................17
Technical Specifications .......................................................................................................................................22
Additional Information ........................................................................................................................................23
Tag Storage and Battery Maintenance ................................................................................................................23
MiniPAT Recovery Instructions ............................................................................................................................24
Preparation for Post-deployment Communication .............................................................................................24
Download your Data ............................................................................................................................................25
Biofouling Overview .............................................................................................................................................26
Process Overview .................................................................................................................................................26
Personal Protective Equipment ...........................................................................................................................26
MSDS ....................................................................................................................................................................27
Application Requirements ...................................................................................................................................27
Resources .............................................................................................................................................................32
Appendix 1 ...........................................................................................................................................................33
Contacting Wildlife Computers ............................................................................................................................34
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
About the MiniPAT
The MiniPAT is a pop-up satellite archival tag used to track behavior and migration of marine animals. It is
an archival tag equipped with an Argos transmitter and a corrodible attachment link. The MiniPAT is
designed to be attached to an animal by a tether. The corrodible burn pin releases the tag from the tether
on a pre-programmed date, or optionally when the MiniPAT determines it is no longer attached to an
animal. Depth, temperature, and light-level data are collected and summarized for transmission through
Argos. Transmission occurs after the release of the tag from the tether, while the tag is floating on the
ocean surface. This guide describes how to set up and deploy the MiniPAT. Transmitted data products are
also explained.
Figure 1—MiniPAT tag rigged with a stainless-steel heat shrink-covered tether and a Wilton anchor.
Before you Begin
The list below shows what is required to configure and deploy the MiniPAT:
• A Wildlife Computers online portal account
• A Windows computer with Tag Agent Software and USB driver installed
• A Wildlife Computers communications cable
• A magnet
Visit wildlifecomputers.com
Cable driver) and setup an account. At the end of this document, there is a list of key terms and concepts
for reference. We recommend new users review this list.
to download the required software (Tag Agent and the USB Communications
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Anatomy of a Tag
Figure 2—MiniPAT tag showing: (a) Argos antenna, (b) temperature sensor, (c) communications port with plug,
(d) light sensor (1 of 2), (e) float, (f) release pin, (g) LED light, (h) wet/dry sensor, (i) ground plate, (j) light sensor (2
of 2), (k) pressure sensor.
The communications port is where the USB plugs into the tag. Prior to a deployment, this port should be sealed with
the plug provided by Wildlife Computers. Prior to deployment, the USB port should be sealed with the provided plug.
Apply a very small amount of silicone grease (supplied in shipment) to the black rubber plug and press the plug into
position. A lost or missing plug will not interfere with the tag’s deployment as the port is already sealed to prevent
water intrusion. The plug is only intended to keep the port clean for easier post-deployment communication. The plug
is not required for the tag to function normally.
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
The wet/dry sensor, ground plate, pressure sensor, thermistor, and electronic release pin should not be
covered. Covering these sensors will interfere with the normal function of the tag. This includes antifouling
coatings, brightly colored paints for recovery purposes, and attachment adhesives (e.g. epoxy).
Interacting with a Tag
Tag Agent Software is used to communicate with the MiniPAT. Tag Agent and the USB Communication
Cable driver can be downloaded from our website: wildlifecomputers.com
be used to:
• Change tag states
• Configure the tag settings
• Upload remotely-selected settings into a tag
• Check sensor readings and conduct test transmissions
To communicate with a tag, open Tag Agent Software (Figure 3).
. Once installed, Tag Agent can
Figure 3—Tag Agent screen prior to tag connection.
Use the USB communications cable to plug the tag into your PC. Take care to ensure that the pins are
aligned. Once plugged in, swipe a magnet near the tag communication port to establish connection. The
tag LED at the base of the antenna will turn orange, and the Tag Agent home screen will appear with tag
information on the left and sensor readings on the right (Figure 4).
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Figure 4—Tag Agent home screen.
Tag States: Auto-start, Start, and Stop Modes
MiniPAT tags have three states: Start, Auto-start, and Stop. When in Start mode, a tag is running and will
begin its deployment. Auto Start allows the tag to Start by submersion in seawater (for use in brackish or
freshwater contact Wildlife Computers). In Stop mode, the tag will remain unresponsive unless connected
to Tag Agent. Stop mode is used for storage of tags for periods longer than a month.
Changing Tag States with a Magnet
Within Tag Agent, the Disconnect Tag tab on the top-right navigation bar can be used to put a tag in any
state.
Once disconnected, a single pass of a magnet near the communication port will cause the tag to blink the
indicator light, revealing its current state.
• Two blinks and a pause repeated three times means the tag is in Auto-start mode
• Ten rapid blinks indicate the tag is in Start mode
• No blinks indicate the tag is Stopped
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
A magnet can be used to toggle the MiniPAT out of Start mode. This requires two specifically timed passes
of the magnet. First, swipe the magnet and wait for the tag to indicate its current state. At the end of the
blinking pattern (10 rapid blinks in a row if started) the indicator light will remain on for several seconds. If
the magnet is swiped a second time during the extended light-on stretch, the state will toggle. The second
swipe needs to happen in the window when the light is on.
If you Start a MiniPAT but do not deploy it on an animal, the tag will initiate a premature release according
to your settings (see page 10). Once premature conditions are met, the tag will then begin to transmit and
deplete the battery. Best practice is to not leave MiniPATs Started while off animals.
For the first five days of deployment, toggling with the magnet will switch the tag from Start state into
Auto-start state. This allows a tag to be redeployed without having to be plugged into Tag Agent. After five
days, the magnet toggle will put the MiniPAT in Shut-down mode. This is to avoid unintentional data
erasure. If a new deployment is started, the MiniPAT will write over data previously collected.
In addition to revealing the tag state, the LED also indicates the following conditions:
• Erasing the archive—many rapid blinks with the LED mostly on indicate that the tag is clearing the
archive in preparation for a new deployment.
• Sample rate—
o MiniPATs with tagware 2.4p or older for the first two hours of a deployment (or until the tag
depth exceeds five meters) the tag will briefly blink at the sampling interval.
o MiniPATs with tagware 2.4q or newer will NOT blink at the sampling interval after
deployment.
Configuring Tag Settings
To configure tag settings within Tag Agent, select the Administer Tag button in the upper menu.
Figure 5—Tag Agent menu bar. Select Administer Tag to edit tag settings.
A new window will open revealing four sections: Tag Information, Tag Release Sequence, Data Product
Settings, and Transmission Settings.
Tag Information
Tag Details & Argos Settings
Tag administrators, tagware version, and tag type are displayed on the Tag Details tab (Figure 6). Tag
Name is an optional user-definable field which makes a tag, or tags, easy to find in the Tag Portal using the
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
filter. The Argos Settings tab displays the tag PTT ID details. The Accelerometer Settings show if the
accelerometer channels are being archived.
For more information on these terms, reference the Glossary of Terms section at the end of this document.
Figure 6—Expanded view of Tag Details tab.
Tag Release Sequence
These settings define when the tag will activate its release mechanism.
Either an interval release or scheduled date release can be set. The release will begin at 20:00 UTC after the
number of days specified or on the chosen date.
The tag automatically sets its archival sample interval based on the deployment length specified.
Conditional Release
The MiniPAT uses sensor measurements to make reasonable assumptions about the state of the
deployment. Depending on your study design and the behavior of your study animal, you can program the
tag to release and begin transmitting if certain conditions are met.
Auto-detect Tag Detachment
This parameter automatically initiates release if the tag detects itself floating at the surface.
• Select a depth threshold that the tag must exceed before monitoring for detachment. This helps
prevent triggering a conditional release before the tag is attached to its host animal. For example, if
you program a MiniPAT tag and put it in Start mode using Tag Agent (while tag is attached to your
PC) it will detect constant depth while it’s sitting on your desk.
• Select how long the tag must be at the surface before a release will occur. The pin burn will occur
after the specified time has elapsed, not at 20:00 UTC like the scheduled release.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Auto-Detect Mortality
This parameter monitors for three mortality conditions:
• Floater—the tag is floating at the surface (constant depth of 0)
• Sitter—the tag is sitting at a constant depth
• Sinker—the tag remains below a certain depth
Upon satisfying any one of these conditions, the tag automatically initiates release. To monitor for
mortality, configure the following:
• Select a depth threshold that the tag must exceed before monitoring for detachment.
• Optionally, select the depth that the tag must remain below to be considered a sinker.
• Select the duration—this sets how long each of the depth criteria must be maintained before a
release will occur. The pin burn will occur after the specified time has elapsed, not at 20:00 UTC like
the scheduled release.
• Select the variance—variance is used here in a statistical sense (see example below). Be mindful of
the tidal activity in your study area. A tag stuck on the bottom will detect some minor depth
changes as tides change the water depth. If you choose a range that is too small for local tidal
conditions, the tag will not initiate a conditional release when it is stuck or sitting on the bottom.
The release settings shown in Figure 7 will result in the following:
• The tag will release 150 days after deployment.
• The tag will release if it exceeds 10 meters in depth and then meets any of the following criteria:
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Figure 7—Tag release settings.
o Stays within 6m (+/- 3 meters) of a constant depth for more than 3 days.
o Stays deeper than 400m for more than 3 days.
• The tag will release if it reaches a depth of 1400 meters. This ensures that if the tag is sinking, it will not
reach its crush depth and become inoperable.
If your animal naturally remains at a constant depth for long durations consider disabling the Auto-detect
Mortality feature.
Adaptive Transmission Schedule on Conditional Release
In the case of early release, the MiniPAT transmits time-series data messages in addition to its scheduled
data products. This can help when investigating the cause of the conditional release event. The time-series
interval depends on deployment duration.
If the conditional release is:
• Less than 15 days the MiniPAT will transmit 300 second time-series for depth and temperature
(unless the originally programmed interval was faster).
• Between 15 and 30 days, the MiniPAT will transmit 600 second time-series for depth and
temperature.
• Greater than 30 days AND no temperature or depth time-series were initially enabled, the MiniPAT
will create 600 second Time-Series messages for the two days leading up to release.
Ignore Wet/Dry After 45 Days
You can optionally choose to have the tag ignore its wet/dry condition 45 days after release. The tag will
then attempt transmissions at its scheduled repetition interval until the battery expires. This setting can be
useful if a tag is fouled or hung up on debris, in which case the wet/dry sensor may indicate wet, even when
the tag is at the surface. The longer a tag is at the surface the more susceptible it is to damage and
predation.
Pinger
The pinger is used for tag recovery. When enabled, the MiniPAT sends out low power “pings” after release,
while at the surface. The tag can be located with an appropriate receiver and directional antenna. A one or
two-second ping interval is the most appropriate setting for tracking, and mimics a typical VHF tracking
transmitter. Excess power draw from the pinger is negligible. The transmissions sent by the pinger are very
short and do not carry any data.
External Release Device
If using an external release device, such as Wildlife Computers Programmable Timed- Release (PTR)
, the
MiniPAT will not burn its release pin. With the burn pin still intact, the MiniPAT can be redeployed. Set the
date the external release device is programmed to release and expected deployment date. Based on this
range, the tag will calculate the archival sample interval. The pinger feature can be enabled to assist with
recovery.
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Figure 8—Release settings for a 12-day deployment using an external release device. The pinger is enabled.
Data Product Settings
Data products are the various types of data available from Wildlife Computers tags.
To take full advantage of the capability of the tag, great care should be taken in considering which data
products to enable and the frequency of message generation. If too many messages are generated not all
of them will be received. In this case, the result will be random gaps of time during the deployment for
which data are missing.
Many settings on the tag affect the total number of Argos messages generated. These include:
• Enabled data products
• Duty-cycling of enabled products
• Sampling Interval
• Summary Period
The combined effect of the chosen settings is shown at the bottom of the Data Products Settings section.
The number of messages generated per day and the total number of messages generated during the entire
mission are displayed. In the case of duty-cycling, two values are shown to account for the different
number of messages generated during on and off duty-cycle days. A warning is displayed when the
message total exceeds the maximum likely to be successfully received. The total number of messages
received varies depending on sea-surface conditions, satellite coverage, battery capacity, length of
deployment, and background radio interference. The average number of messages received for a standard
MiniPAT deployment is approximately 2,000 messages.
The rule of thumb is, the fewer number of messages that the tag generates, the greater the probability that
ALL generated messages will be received. Some study objectives require finer temporal resolution,
contiguous temporal coverage, and/or longer deployment durations such that a large number of messages
are generated. In these instances, one can use duty-cycling to help control when the “holes” in the data
occur.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Duty-Cycling
Duty-cycling is the generation of Argos messages on an intermittent schedule, rather than daily. Dutycycling can be used to reduce the total number of messages generated and to extend deployment
duration.
• Duty cycle a data product by selecting:
• The scheduler will appear at the base of the section (Figure 9).
• Select your preferred pattern, either On-Off-On or Off-On-Off, and fill in the number of days for each
step.
The same schedule is used for all duty-cycled data products.
Figure 9—Argos message generation duty-cycle pattern. Messages are initially generated for 30 days then off for one day
and on for two. The off one, on two pattern repeats for the duration of the deployment.
Daily Messages
Light-Level and SST Geolocation
Light-level and sea-surface temperature messages are always generated daily. The dawn and dusk
transitions are used to calculate geolocation. Two light-level curves are created for each day of the
deployment containing the following information:
• Whether or not the curve contains a dawn or dusk transition.
• Nine light-level and depth samples taken during each transition.
• A sea-surface temperature for each transition. This is compiled from the samples taken up to seven
hours on the dark side and one hour on the light side of the transition.
Light Attenuation Constants
The tag calculates daily light attenuation constants, correcting the light measurements for depth. For most
applications, having light attenuation constants turned on is appropriate. If this feature is disabled, the tag
uses predetermined values for the light attenuation constant. Disabling this feature can be useful for
animals that follow isolumes (e.g., swordfish).
Daily Data
Daily data messages contain the minimum and maximum temperature and depth readings from the fastsampled archive data set, as well as the change in light-level for each UTC day. Each message contains four
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
days of data. Originally created for Wildlife Computers support purposes, the message type is now available
to all.
Orientation Data
This data product characterizes the vertical orientation over time of a single-point mount MiniPAT.
Orientation data uses the onboard accelerometer and is designed to detect activity. It is only available on
shorter deployments with the archive sample interval is 1 second.
For each UTC day, one message is generated that contains two-hour summary periods with:
1. Time upright
2. Number of times the tag was knocked down
3. Wet/dry summarization
There are adjustable parameters for this data product:
1. The knockdown detector identifies changes in tag orientation. Select the threshold that qualifies a
change in acceleration as a knockdown event.
2. To determine the amount of time a tag spends upright versus tilted, a threshold definition of
upright is needed.
Daily Data cannot be duty-cycled.
Figure 10—Daily Message data products. Screen capture shows Light-level messages generated daily, Light Attenuation
calculations turned on, Daily Data messages turned off, and Orientation Data turned on.
Time-Series Messages
MiniPAT tags have the ability to send time-series depth and/or temperature data through Argos. Timeseries provides low frequency reporting of sensor data for instruments which may never be recovered.
Sampling Interval
Time-series messages can be generated using one of five sample intervals (75, 150, 300, 450, 600 seconds).
This determines the number of Argos messages generated per day. The time-series sample interval is
entirely independent of, and unrelated to, the archive sample rate. 48 summarized samples, covering
one message period, will fit into one Argos message. Messages are transmitted in sequential order to
maximize the probability of receiving continuous runs of data.
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Sampling
Interval
Argos Messages Per Day
Message
Depth or Temp
Depth and Temp
75
24
48 1 150
12
24 2 300 6 12 4 450 4 8 6 600 3 6
8
(seconds)
Period
(hours)
(One channel)
Figure 11—The number of Argos messages created per day and the corresponding message sample period for the five time-
series sample intervals.
(Two channels)
The sample interval determines the number of messages generated per day. Selecting a short (75-second)
time-series sampling interval will rapidly generate many messages. This may be appropriate for a short
deployment. However, if too many messages are generated, they may not all be received. The result will be
random gaps of time during the deployment for which there is no time-series data. Selecting a longer
sampling interval will improve the odds that there will be no gaps; however, the temporal resolution of
each datum will be reduced. Different study objectives will warrant different trade-offs between coverage
and temporal resolution.
Each time-series message contains:
• The time-series data sampled at the specified interval.
• The minimum and maximum values encountered during the period of time covered by the time-
series message period as measured at the fast archive sampling rate.
The absolute Min/Max values and point sample values may not match as the absolute values are
determined from all archived data collected during the message period. This can give insight to
the amount of aliasing that has occurred when generating the time-series message.
Duty-cycling can be used to reduce the number of time-series messages generated. Duty-cycle settings do
not affect the tags archive sample rates.
Example Time-Series Sampling Settings
For the MiniPAT tag, on average approximately 2,000 Argos messages are received following release. With
this number in mind, one can work backwards to determine how quickly time-series can be sampled given
a preferred deployment length. Following are some typical set-ups:
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
• One-month deployment = 75-second sampling interval for depth and temperature time-series. 48
messages per day x 30 days = 1440 messages.
• Three-month deployment = 300 second sampling interval for depth and temperature time-series.
12 messages per day x 90 days = 1080 messages.
• Eight-month deployment = 600 second sampling interval for depth and temperature time-series. 6
messages per day x 240 days = 1440 messages.
Time-Series Sensor Resolution
Time-series sensor resolution will vary for each measurement. All time-series sensor readings have an
associated resolution which is reported in the decoded data. The resolution is dynamically adjusted to
compress the data for transmission.
Summary Messages
In order to maximize information throughput, the MiniPAT condenses sensor observations into
summarized messages.
Mixed-Layer Temperature
Mixed-layer temperature messages describe the amount of time the animal spends in the mixed layer, the
depth of the thermocline, and temperature of the mixed layer. When enabled, one message is created for
each summary period and includes:
• Time in the mixed layer (percent)
• Depth of mixed layer (max)
• Temperature of mixed layer (min, max, avg)
• Temperature of the sea surface (min, max, avg)
• Overall depth (min, max)
• Overall temperature (min)
Profile of Depth and Temperature
PDTs record the minimum and maximum temperatures observed at different depths.
• Low-resolution profiles use eight different depths and fit into one message per summary period.
When all dives during a summary period are less than 400 m the tag will default to low-resolution
profiles.
• High-resolution profiles use 16 different depths and generate two messages per summary period.
For summary periods when the tag ventures below 400 m the tag defaults to high-resolution
profiles.
Depth points are distributed between the minimum and maximum depths observed during each summary
period.
Histogram Messages
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Two types of histograms are available:
• Time-at-Depth (TAD) histograms bundle the depth sensor measurements collected into bins based
on how much time the tag was at the user-defined depth ranges.
• Time-at Temperature (TAT) histograms bundle the temperature sensor measurements into bins
based on how much time the tag was at user-defined temperatures.
Histograms are generated starting at 00:00 UTC.
Histogram Bin Limits
There are twelve bin limits for each of the two histograms. These numbers are the upper inclusive limit for
each bin. The limits in first eleven boxes can be edited. The twelfth bin limit shows the highest valid sensor
measurement and cannot be adjusted.
Summary Period
The summary period is the collection duration of the summary messages. The summary period can range
from one hour to 24 hours, but the chosen period must divide the day evenly. The summary periods begin
immediately after midnight UTC by default and run to the end of the UTC day. Selecting a six-hour
summary period will cause the tag to split the day into four periods from 00:00 hr. to 06:00 hr., 06:00 hr. to
12:00 hr., 12:00 hr. to 18:00 hr. and 18:00 hr. to 24:00 hr. This pattern will repeat on the next UTC day.
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Figure 12—The Data Product settings.
The Data Product settings shown in Figure 12 are for a 180-day deployment. 11 messages are generated each day.
These include:
• 1 x Light-level message
• 6 x Time-series messages
• 2 Mixed-layer temperature messages
• 2 Histogram messages
Transmission Settings
This category displays the Argos interval how often the tag will test for dry conditions and try to transmit
after pop-off. The transmission interval for pop-up tags is 60 seconds. This parameter is set by Wildlife
Computers.
Loading Settings into a Tag
Once settings have been chosen use the blue Send Changes button (or Propose Changes button if working
in Tag Portal) to load settings into tag. Tag Agent will confirm receipt of settings via dialog box. The Check
for Updates tab on the top left navigation bar of Tag Agent home screen can be used at any time to see if
setting updates are available.
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Save Settings to PDF
To save a copy of your settings in a separate file, click on Save to PDF in the top right of the Administer Tag
section of Tag Agent. This will save a PDF to the computer. Send changes to the tag prior to saving the
settings.
Creating Templates
Once tag settings have been configured a template can be saved. Templates allow configure multiple tags
with the same settings. Select the icon in the upper right corner of the screen to reveal the Template
Manager. You have the option of creating an online template or a local template file of the current settings
selected. Local templates are used when no internet connection is available.
To create a temple, select and give the template a name.
Viewing Configuration History
A tag’s configuration history can be viewed using the arrowhead icon on the left sidebar menu. Clicking
the arrowhead will expose the tag history and once viewed, clicking on the arrowhead again will hide the
History. Previous tag settings can be viewed by clicking on each date listed.
Figure 13—Tag configuration history can be viewed using arrowhead icon.
Disconnect from MiniPAT
Use the Disconnect tab on the upper left of the Tag Agent Menu to select the tag state before unplugging.
If you are planning to deploy in the near future, select Auto Start mode. Tag will then auto deploy upon
saltwater submersion.
Always disconnect the tag using the Disconnect button. Unplugging without setting the tag state could
leave the tag in a mode that will rapidly deplete the battery.
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not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Clearing the MiniPAT Memory
The memory archive is cleared automatically when a new deployment is Started (Tag set to Start, then put
into Standby or Stop, and then Started once again). The LED will indicate that the tag is clearing the archive
with many rapid blinks.
Be mindful of this when selecting the tag state. If a tag is recovered, be sure to download the data prior to
putting back in Start mode.
Checking Sensor Readings & Transmission Test
The sensor values displayed on the Tag Agent home screen are continuously updated from the tag. Sensor
functionality can be validated by manipulating the sensors as follows:
• Ambient Temperature—responds quickly to warm air blown onto the thermistor located
immediately above the communications port.
• Internal Temperature—this will change slowly as the entire tag changes temperature. Leaving a tag
in a refrigerator for a while will change the value.
• Wet/Dry—connecting a wire from the large rectangular ground plate strap above the
communication port to the metal ring around the base of the antenna (letters i and h respectively
in Figure 2) should change the value from over 200 to less than 20.
• Light-level—under typical office lighting, covering both light sensors (shiny squares on opposite
sides of tag, letters d and j in Figure 2) with your fingers should drop the value by 20 to 40 counts.
Test Transmission
Under the Advanced button on the top menu there’s an option to Send Test Transmission. When selected,
a pop-up box with transmission values will appear.
The Battery Voltage value will be lower in the pop-up box than on the Tag Agent home screen because it is
measured when the battery is driving a transmission. The Transmit Current will vary depending on the
presence of conductive objects near the tag. It has been optimized for a tag that is floating in seawater.
Transmit Count is the number of transmissions the tag has made since it was manufactured.
Argos Transmitter Test
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Figure 14—Test transmission results.
The Argos Transmitter test allows for a full system test to confirm that the tag is successfully sending
messages to the Argos satellites. Click on the Advanced Tab then Argos Transmitter Test.
• Seconds Offset: If you will be testing multiple tags at one time, you can use this parameter to offset
transmissions so the tags will not transmit at the same time.
• Transmit Count: How many times you want the tag to transmit. 120 transmissions at a 60 second
interval will provide a 2-hour test, which is usually enough to coincide with a couple of satellite
passes. Check the satellite passes in your area prior to beginning the test.
• Seconds Apart: The time between each transmission. The usual repetition rate for a MiniPAT is 60
seconds.
When all of the tags are setup and deployed, take them outside where they have a full view of the sky. For
best results, float the MiniPATs in a bucket of saltwater. The test will run until complete or until the tag is
reset with a magnet or Tag Agent.
Using Tag Portal to Select Settings Remotely
Tag Portal is the cloud-based service offered by Wildlife Computers for remotely selecting tag settings.
Configuring can be done without connecting to your tag. This enables project coordinators to review and
select settings for their associates and programming to be done while tags are in transit, before arrival.
When logged into your Portal account, a list of the tags which you have administrator power over can be
viewed under the “My Tags” tab. To select settings, click on the serial number of the tag you wish to
configure or use the pencil icon.
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Figure 15—List of tags within Tag Portal. To program select the serial number or pencil icon.
This will open a new window with setting selections. The same programming options are available whether
settings are configured via Tag Portal or from within Tag Agent.
Once settings have been selected in Tag Portal, click the blue Propose Changes. This will save the settings
in the cloud. The next time that tag communicates with Tag Agent (no matter who plugs the tag in), a
dialog box will appear notifying that new settings are awaiting upload.
Multiple set-ups can be published resulting in a queue of configurations awaiting upload. In this case, a
dialog box will reveal a list of the configurations published, when they were selected, and which
administrator chose the settings.
Tag Portal maintains a historic record of tag settings each time changes are uploaded into a tag. The record
is instantly updated so long as an internet connection is available.
If tags are programed offline, using Tag Agent, the next time an internet connection is established and Tag
Agent software is open, the record automatically updates.
Offline Mode
Before programming can be done offline, Tag Agent must be downloaded and opened with valid
credentials entered while connected to the internet.
So long as the software has been opened once and credentials have been entered, programming offline is
feasible. To program settings, select Administer Tag from Tag Agent’s top navigation bar, choose settings,
and click Send Changes. A dialog box will confirm settings have been loaded into tag.
The next time internet connection is established, and Tag Agent software is open, the historical record will
be updated in Tag Portal.
Online templates are not accessible when working offline. To program a group of tags with the same
settings when working without internet connection create a local template. A file of the selected tag
settings will be saved onto your local machine. Local templates can be created and applied in the Template
Manager. Expose the Template manager with the icon in the upper right corner of the screen. The
Internet connection status is displayed at the bottom of the Tag Agent home screen.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Technical Specifications
Dimensions
124 mm (length) X 38 mm (diameter)
Weight in Air
60 g
Memory
64 MB
Operating Frequency
401.678 MHz
Operating Life
Up to two years
Sensors
Light, Pressure, Temperature, Wet/Dry
Light
Temperature
Range: -20°C to 50°C/Resolution: 0.05°C
Conductivity Operational Limits
0.1 to 5 S/m
Storage Temperature
5° C Optimal
Communication
Via USB port using Wildlife Computers communications cable
Pressure Rating 2000 m
5 x 10-12W.cm-2 to 5 x 10-2W.cm-2
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Additional Information
Glossary of Terms
• Administrator—someone who has authority to publish and change tag settings
• Argos PTT (ID)—uniquely identifies a transmitter for the Argos system. The ID consists of a decimal
number and a hexadecimal (base 16) number
• Argos Subprogram—subdivision of a primary Argos account. Each subprogram has separate login
credentials.
• Argos Location—a location generated by Argos from uplinks received during a satellite pass.
Multiple uplinks are required to generate a single location. Get more information about how the
Argos system works here: http://www.argos-system.org/web/en/391-faq-general-questions.php
• Argos Uplink—a radio transmission intended for the Argos satellite system
• Daily Data—generated from sensors over a fixed 24-hour period
• Data Message—created by the tag to transmit data through the Argos system. Each data message
is transmitted as payload in an Argos uplink. In order to increase the likelihood of its reception by
the Argos system, each message is sent a fixed number of times
• Data Products—the various types of data available from Wildlife Computers tags
• Deployment—the period when a tag is attached to an animal and started
• Location Uplink—a transmission intended to generate an Argos location. These uplinks can also
carry a data message payload. Multiple uplinks are required to generate an Argos location
• Pinger—a UHF radio-tracking beacon
• Repetition Interval (repetition rate)—how often a tag will test for dry conditions and try to transmit.
This value is programmed by Wildlife Computers
• Start/Auto Start/Stop—tag states. When started, will initiate a scheduled release. Auto Start will
allow the tag to start using a magnet or when reading wet. Stop causes the tag to do nothing until
reconnected to Tag Agent
• Summary Period Data—generated from sensors during a defined number of hours
• Tag Agent Software—the program used to program Wildlife Computers tags
• Tagware—the software running on a tag
• Wildlife Computers communications cable—the cable required by Tag Agent
• Tag Portal—the cloud-based service offered by Wildlife Computers for data viewing and remote
tag setup
• Wildlife Computers Spark Cable—the Wildlife Computers communications cable which is required
by Tag Agent to interface with a Wildlife Computers tag
• Wet and Dry—the state of the tag as determined by the wet/dry sensor which measures
conductivity.
Tag Storage and Battery Maintenance
Store tags in a dry, cool environment (ideally around +5° C) to help minimize passivation and keep the
batteries charged. When stored correctly, the amount of battery life lost per year is only 1-2 percent. It is
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
recommended to exercise the batteries every few months by sending a test transmission. This can be done
in Tag Agent. Select “Advanced” and then “Send Test Transmission.” The transmission voltage should read
approximately 3.2 v and the battery voltage displayed on the main sensor screen should be around 3.5 v. If
you receive a low voltage reading, it may be due to passivation forming during storage.
MiniPAT Recovery Instructions
If the MiniPAT is recovered after deployment, it is possible that contamination of the communications port
may cause some communication difficulties. The following instructions, in addition to describing how to
recover the data, explain possible problems that might occur during the recovery and how to fix them.
Even if all attempts to communicate with the MiniPAT fail, your deployment data are probably still in
memory, and can be retrieved by Wildlife Computers.
Preparation for Post-deployment Communication
When you recover your MiniPAT full of valuable deployment data, there are several steps to perform before
attempting to connect it to the USB communication cable.
As a precaution, it is advised to have the following on hand:
• Compressed air in a can
• Electronic contact cleaner, if available
1. Thoroughly dry the MiniPAT with a paper towel.
2. Remove the rubber communications port protection plug.
3. Blow out any water in the communication port. Make sure the port is clean and dry. Compressed air
in a can works well for this.
Communicating with a MiniPAT which has saltwater in the communications port will cause the
pins to corrode very fast!
4. Count the number of pins in the communications port. If there are not four pins, one or more have
corroded or broken off. Stop there and send the MiniPAT to Wildlife Computers, and we will
download your data.
5. Examine the pins in the communications port. If they are rusty or corroded, send the MiniPAT back
to Wildlife Computers for downloading.
6. If all four pins look clean and golden in color, you can continue and attempt to establish
communications.
7. You may wish to spray some contact cleaner into the communications port as a precaution.
If you are able to establish a communication connection with the tag, you are now ready to download your
data with Tag Agent.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Download your Data
Use the Download WCH tab on the Tag Agent top navigation bar to download MiniPAT archival data
(Figure 16). You’ll be prompted to save the. wch file to your computer. The file can then be uploaded into
the Data Portal for decoding, analysis, and storage.
Put tag into Stop mode after downloading the data.
Figure 16—Tag Agent menu bar. Select Download WCH to download archived data.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Biofouling Overview
Biofouling is the attachment of micro-organisms—plants, algae, etc.—to a surface in contact with
water. Biofouling can greatly inhibit a tag from transmitting a signal to Argos satellites. A bio-fouled
tag will also experience more drag, thereby reducing its hydrodynamic performance.
Researchers should think seriously about antifouling any tag if the study animal is in tropical waters, a
shallow-dwelling or slow-moving species or your deployment period lasts a long time.
Wildlife Computers leaves the decision to antifoul tags after manufacturing and before deployment
entirely to the researcher’s discretion, however we strongly recommend that tags be treated with antifouling paint to ensure the best possible chance of a successful deployment.
Wildlife Computers field tested two antifouling paints with good results in different applications —
PropSpeed and Micron66.
We also offer an optional service to sand, mask, and paint tags with PropSpeed antifouling and coat
the wet/dry sensors with conductive polymer. This comprehensive antifouling service is offered at a
charge of $100 per tag prior to shipping. We do not apply Micron66 anti-fouling paint due to the
hazardous nature of the product. However, it is extremely effective for many applications including sea
turtle tags.
Process Overview
Micron66 has been used successfully for over a decade to limit biofouling on sea turtle satellite
tracking tags. Wildlife Computers has also seen great success in Micron66 limiting biofouling on our
pop-up tags. The following instructions are based on recommendations from the technical
department of International Paints, the Micron66 anti-fouling paint manufacturer.
The process involves one coat of Interprotect primer and three coats of Micron66.
Personal Protective Equipment
The safety guidelines must be followed and the correct personal protective equipment must be
worn for the application of both the primer and Micron paints.
Once painted, tags should only be handled with gloves due to the copper and biocide in the antifouling paint.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
MSDS
Use the following link to access the safety datasheets for both the Interprotect primer and Micron66
anti-fouling paint: http://www.yachtpaint.com/usa/diy/products/antifouling/micron-66.aspx
Check your paint can for the MSDS version number. For example, E5 for Micron66 Black.
Micron66 is not suitable for use in fresh water. Other Micron paints are available for fresh water
use.
Application Requirements
Accessories Required
• Four paint mixing cups or bowls
• Two strong mixing sticks for the paint
• Two strong mixing sticks for the primer
• Two disposable 100 ml measuring cups for the primer components
• Four small disposable paint brushes
• One sheet of 80-100 grit sandpaper
• 500 ml of isopropyl alcohol or acetone
• Three clean rags
• 10 pairs of disposable gloves
• One roll of masking tape
• Appropriate respirator, fume cabinet, or well-ventilated area in which to work
• Optional: 3/8” (10 mm) and 1/4” (6 mm) hollow punches, hammer, and wooden or nylon board to
punch out masking tape discs
Application Procedure
Allow 48 hours for the application of the primer, three coats of Micron66 and curing time before
immersion.
Tag Preparation
• Cover critical areas—two light sensors, wet/dry metal ring at the base of the antenna, pressure and
temperature sensor, LED light, and ground plate—with a non-soluble tape, such as masking tape.
Painting over these areas will hinder the tag’s operation and greatly impede its performance. As per
the critical alert below, do not paint the tag’s nose cone!
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Make sure you tape off the nose leaving a 2 cm buffer. This will ensure you don’t accidentally
“glue” the nose to the tag preventing it from popping off.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
• Sand the tag thoroughly to roughen the surface. Sand all areas except the critical areas
mentioned above. Be careful not to damage any external sensors such as the temperature
sensor probe
• Clean with a rag and isopropyl alcohol or acetone
• Insert the communication’s connector plug and cover with a rectangle of masking tape
• Cut or punch a 6 mm (1/4”) circle of masking tape and place this over the LED area to enable viewing
once the tag is painted—swipe a magnet over the communication’s connector plug to determine
the LED position
• Clean the tag again with isopropyl alcohol or acetone, avoiding the masking tape. Do not
handle the tag without gloves once cleaned
Interprotect Primer Application
• Mix thoroughly the 2000E primer base
• Measure three parts by volume of 2000E base and one-part 2001E hardener and mix
thoroughly
• Allow to rest for 10 minutes to pre-cure
• Apply to tag with a brush, painting all surfaces evenly, except the critical sensors that have
been taped off—avoid drips and wet areas that will dry at a different rate
Primer Drying Time
It is critically important that the first coat of Micron66 be applied when the primer is still tacky.
This is determined using a “thumb-print test.” After the primer has dried for 10 minutes, use a gloved hand
to touch the tag’s surface to see if it leaves a print on the paint. If paint sticks to the glove, it needs to dry
longer. If the primer feels tacky and leaves a mark without getting paint on your finger, then it is ready to
overcoat with Micron66.
Drying times vary with temperature and humidity; however, 10 minutes is typical in warmer climates.
If the primer is left too long and has cured hard, then another coat of primer will need to be applied
and the process repeated for a tacky base.
Micron66 Application and Drying Time
Mix the can of Micron66 well with a strong stir stick. Shaking the can is not effective as the copper will
have settled to the bottom of the can so it must be mixed thoroughly.
Immediately brush a coat of Micron66 onto the whole tag and antennas once the primer is tacky.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Minimum drying time between coats is four hours at 35° Celsius (95° Fahrenheit), six hours at 23°
Celsius (73° Fahrenheit), and eight hours at 10° Celsius (50° Fahrenheit). It is ideal to leave the tag
overnight.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
• Apply a second coat of Micron66 and allow to dry as above
• Apply a third coat of Micron66 and allow to dry as above
Masking Tape Removal
After the final coat is dry, put on a pair of disposable gloves and remove the masking tape from the
wet/dry sensors, pressure sensor opening, light sensors, and LED.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Tag Handling
Note: tags must only be handled with gloves as Micron66 contains copper and biocides.
Store the tags in a Ziploc® bag as Micron66 gives off a strong odor. Store the tags in a cool place. A
refrigerator is good but NOT with food.
Tag Deployment
The tag can be attached and deployed immediately; however, if more than 30 days have elapsed since
the last coat, use a stiff nylon brush to lightly wash and reactivate the top layer.
Resources
International Paints Micron66 Antifouling Paint
Micron66 is only available in 5-liter (one gallon) cans.
http://www.yachtpaint.com/LiteratureCentre/micron-66-info-usa-eng.pdf
USA Store Locator: http://www.yachtpaint.com/usa/diy/store-
locator/search.aspx
Micron66 is available in the USA and Asia-Pacific regions from International
Paints dealers and ship chandlers. Micron66 is not available in all countries.
Similar Micron products such as Micron Extra, Micron Extra2, MicronCSC, Micron77 and Micron99 are
alternative solutions although Micron66, Micron77 and Micron99 are the most effective. Micron77 may
only be available from licensed applicators.
International Paints Primer
“Interprotect 2000E” or “Interprotect” or “Gelsheild 200” (These are the
same product). Interprotect is a two-part epoxy primer and is available
in 750ml, (one quart) cans.
If Interprotect primer is not available then “Primocon” primer can be used
but it is not as effective.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Appendix 1
Wildlife Computers have been undertaking tests on anti-fouling paint in various parts of the world.
Below is an image of submerged polyurethane and epoxy test plates after two months on a wharf pile in
New Zealand.
PropSpeed is at the top and has done a reasonable job but has started to fail. Next is a placebo blank area
with no protection that has fouled badly. The next strip down had Micron66 and no primer and the
Micron66 has nearly worn away completely.
The Micron66 at the bottom has primer and is pristine. One coat of Interprotect primer and three coats of
Micron66 are mandatory for a successful project.
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The information contained in these documents is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may
not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Wildlife Computers.
Contacting Wildlife Computers
U.S. and International
Members of the Wildlife Computers technical sales and support team are located in Redmond,
WA, USA, and Havelock North, New Zealand, allowing us to cover promptly a wide range of time
zones.
Mailing and Shipping
Wildlife Computers
8310 154th Avenue NE, Suite
150 Redmond, WA 98052 USA
E-Mail
Sales, Quotes, and Inquiries:
tags@wildlifecomputers.com Technical Support:
support@wildlifecomputers.com
Phone Website
+1 (425) 881 3048 WildlifeComputers.com
For Asian Clients
While we welcome your direct correspondence, we recommend that you contact our colleague,
Yong Huang, for assistance. Mr. Huang understands the special purchase processes for your
countries and will provide you with the best service for the best price. He also is fluent in Japanese,
Chinese, and English.
Mailing address—Please ship tags to our main
office Yong Huang
Enfotran Corporation
1247 106th Place NE
Bellevue, WA 98004
USA
E-mail Phone
yong.huang@enfo.us +1 (425) 456 0101
v.201805
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