Wi Lan EB01 Users Manual

Hopper Plus 120-24

Wireless Ethernet Bridge

Installation and

Conﬁguration Guide

Version 1.0 Rev B

08/00

Contents

Notices ..................................................................................... v

Copyright Notice ........................................................................................v

Regulatory Notice ......................................................................................v

Other Notices ............................................................................................ vi

Contacting Wi-LAN ................................................................................... vi

Contacting Customer Support vi

Description ..............................................................................1

Hopper Plus 120-24 Wireless Ethernet Bridge .......................................... 1

Making a Wireless Bridge 1 Creating a Wireless Network 2 About Hopper Plus Units 2

Hardware Description ................................................................................3

Shipping Package Contents 3 Hopper Plus 120-24 Unit 3

Hopper Plus 120-24 Specifications ............................................................ 6

Installation ............................................................................... 9

Basic Installation Steps .............................................................................. 9

Configuring a Unit as a Base ................................................................... 10

Testing Basic Operation ..........................................................................11

Performing a Bench Test 11 Performing a Simple Network Test 13

Configuration ........................................................................ 15

Accessing the Main Menu ........................................................................ 16

Accessing Main Menu with MANAGEMENT Port 16 Accessing Units via telnet 17 Setting VT100 Arrows 18

Configuring with the Main Menu ..............................................................19

Unit Identification .....................................................................................20

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Viewing Unit Identification 20 Setting Unit Identification 21

Hardware/Software Revision ................................................................... 23

Viewing System Revision Information 23

System Software ROM Images ............................................................... 24

Viewing System Software ROM Images 24

Current System Status ............................................................................ 25

Viewing Current System Status 25

IP Network Configuration ........................................................................ 26

Setting the Internet IP Address and Subnet Mask 26 Setting the Default Gateway IP Address 27 Setting the SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 28

IP Filter Configuration .............................................................................. 29

RF Station Configuration ......................................................................... 32

Setting Test Mode Time 32 Setting the Operating Mode 33 Setting the RF Transmit Status 35 Setting the Link Monitor Period 36 Setting Maximum Remote Distance (Base Station Only) 37 Setting Link Monitor Remote Station Rank (Base Station Only) 38 Setting Throttling (Remote Station Only) 40

Radio Module Configuration .................................................................... 41

Setting the Station Type 42 Setting the Station Rank 43 Setting the Center Frequency 44 Setting Security Passwords 45 Setting the Scrambling Code 46 Setting the Acquisition Code 47 Setting Config Test Minutes 48 Setting Repeater Mode (Base Station Only) 49 Setting System Symmetry Type (Base Station Only) 50 Setting Dynamic Polling Level (Base Station Only) 51 Setting Remote Unit RF Group 52 Rebooting and Saving RF Configurations 53

RF/Ethernet Statistics .............................................................................. 55

Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics 55

System Security ...................................................................................... 58

Setting Community Names 58 Setting Login Passwords 59 Setting Remote Access 60 Setting the Automatic Timeout 61

System Commands ................................................................................. 62

Setting Default System Image 62 Setting the Reboot System Image 63 Rebooting the Current Image 63 Restoring Configurations 64

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Resetting the RF/Ethernet Statistics 64

Link Monitor Display .................................................................................66

Viewing Link Monitor Statistics 66

Logout ......................................................................................................67

Logging Out 67

Setting Operating Mode with the MODE Button ......................................68

Using the MODE Button 68

Command Line Interface .........................................................................70

Using Basic Commands 70

Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link .........................71

Planning the Physical Layout ................................................................... 71

Measuring the Physical Distance Between Units 71 Determining Antenna Requirements 71 Determining Cable Requirements 72 Calculating Fade Margins 72 Determining Environmental Requirements 72

Optimizing the RF Link .............................................................................72

Overview 72 Working with System Gain 74 Calculating EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power) 75 Optimizing Antenna Gain 76 Calculating Propagation Loss 76

Working with the Fresnel Zone 76 Calculating Cable Loss 77 Calculating Path Loss 78

Working with the Fade Margin 78

Link Budget Example ...............................................................................79

Antenna Basics ........................................................................................80

Antenna Parameters 80

Implementation Considerations 81

Selecting Antennas 82

Wi-LAN’s Antenna Selection 82

Antenna Installation Factors 82

Minimal Clearance Above Obstructions 84 Installing Antennas 84 Fine-tuning Antennas 85 Co-locating Units 85

Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal .....................................87

Starting HyperTerminal ............................................................................87

Determining the Communications Port .................................................... 91

Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data Network .............93

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Checking the Network Adaptor Installation ............................................. 93

Configuring the Network .......................................................................... 94

Enabling the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk Drive ............................ 97

Appendix D: SNMP MIB ....................................................... 99

About SNMP MIB .................................................................................... 99

Wi-LAN Object Identifier Nodes ............................................................ 100

Using Object Identifier Nodes ............................................................... 101

Appendix E: Technical Reference Information ................ 111

Front Panel LEDs .................................................................................. 111

Power Connector Pinout ....................................................................... 112

Glossary .............................................................................. 113

Index .................................................................................... 121

iv

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Notices

Copyright Notice

Copyright' August 2000 Wi-LAN, Inc.

This guide and the application and hardware described herein are furnished under license and are subject to a confidentiality agreement. The software and hardware can be used only in accordance with the terms and conditions of this agreement.

No part of this guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, including photocopying and recording without the express written permission of Wi-LAN, Inc.

While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this guide is correct, Wi-LAN, Inc. does not warrant the information is free of errors or omissions.

Information contained in this guide is subject to change without notice.

Regulatory Notice

The Hopper Plus 120-24 product presented in this guide complies with the following regulations and/or regulatory bodies:

¥ RSS-210 and/or RSS-139 of Industry Canada ¥ FCC Part 15 ¥ CEPT/ERC Recommendations, ETS 300-328,

ETS 300-826, and EN 60950

Operation is subject to the following two conditions: ¥ this device may not cause interference, and ¥ this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause

undesired operation of the device.

This equipment generates, uses, and radiates radio frequency and, if not installed and used in accordance with this guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following methods:

¥ reorient or relocate the receiving antenna, ¥ increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. ¥ connect equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected.

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v

Notices

¥ consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. ¥ selecting and testing different channels, if employing 2.4 GHz equipment.

As the Hopper Plus 120-24 is used on a license-exempt, non-frequency coordinated, unprotected spectrum allocation, and thus can be subject to random unidentified interference, applications must not be those of a primary control where a lack of intercommunication could cause danger to property, process, or person. An alternative fail-safe should be designed into any system to ensure safe operation or shut down, should communication be lost for any reason.

Other Notices

¥ Changes or modifications to the equipment not expressly approved by Wi-LAN, Inc.,

¥ Appropriately shielded remote I/O serial cable with the metal connector shell and

¥ FCC radio frequency exposure limits may be exceeded at distances closer than 23

¥ All antenna installation work shall be carried out by a knowledgeable and professional

¥ Use only a power adapter approved by Wi-LAN.

could void the user s authority to operate the equipment.

cable shield properly connected to chassis ground shall be used to reduce the radio frequency interference.

centimeters from the antenna of this device.

installer.

Contacting Wi-LAN

You can contact Wi-LAN applications engineers to help troubleshoot your Wi-LAN products and to plan your wireless network applications.

Contacting Customer Support

You can contact Wi-LAN customer support at the locations listed below:

Canada and USA Call toll free: 1-800-258-6876

Outside North America Call: +1-403-273-9133

All locations Send an e-mail message to:

You can also contact the Wi-LAN dealer or representative in your region. Phone or email Wi-LAN for information about the dealer in your area.

Mailing Address

Wi-LAN, Inc. Suite 300, 801 Manning Road N.E. Calgary, Alberta CANADA T2E 8J5 Tel: +1-403-273-9133

Available from: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (GMT-7:00)

techsupport@wi-lan.com

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Description

Hopper Plus 120-24 Wireless Ethernet Bridge

The Hopper Plus 120-24 is a wireless Ethernet bridge that provides high-speed, wireless connectivity at a fraction of the cost of wired solutions. It uses multi-code direct sequence spread spectrum technology over the license-exempt, 2.4 - 2.4835 GHz ISM radio band. The maximum data rate is 12.0 Mbps.

The Hopper Plus 120-24:

¥ provides wireless connectivity at speeds up to eight times faster than regular T1 lines,

making the Hopper Plus ideal for providing high-speed Internet access or for wirelessly extending existing communications infrastructures.

¥ supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks. Contentionless polling ensures

efficient access to remote data networks.

¥ is self-contained and easy to use. Simply connect a Hopper Plus 120-24 to each LAN

segment, and the unit automatically learns where nodes are located on the network and performs dynamic packet filtering to ensure the local LAN traffic does not overload the wireless connection.

Making a Wireless Bridge

The simplest example of using the Hopper Plus 120-24 is a point-to-point wireless bridge, which requires a minimum of two units: a base unit and a remote unit. The units make a high-speed wireless communication link between two wired network segments.

Point-to-Point Wireless Bridge.

Wireless Link

or

Main Wired Network

Router

Hub

Switch

Firewall

Wired Network

Switch

Hub

Firewall

RemoteRouter

Base

Repeater

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1

Description

Creating a Wireless Network

You can create a wireless network by adding remotes and taking advantage of the point-tomultipoint capabilities of the Hopper Plus 120-24. Up to 255 remote units can be contained in a wireless network.

Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Network

Wired Network

Hub

RemoteRouter

Main Wired Network

RemoteRouter

Base

or

Repeater

Router

Hub

Switch

Firewall

Switch

Hub

Firewall

Wired Network

Switch

Hub

Firewall

Wired Network

Switch

Firewall

About Hopper Plus Units

Base Station: A Hopper Plus 120-24 can operate as a remote unit or a base station,

however, at least one unit in the network must be configured as a base. A base station is the central control unit of the wireless network. The base station polls all remote units and controls how traffic is routed to and from remotes. The base usually connects to a major access point of the wired network. The antenna of the base station must be capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals to and from all the remote units in a system. If remotes are spread over a large area, an omni-directional antenna is usually required.

Remote Units: Remote units link wired segments of the network wirelessly to the main

network (via the base station). Remotes can limit the amount of data passed by the remote (a function called throttling), and they can filter specific data packets. Because remote units need to communicate only with the base station, their antennas can be more directional and have higher gains than base antennas.

Repeaters: A base unit can also be configured as a repeater. A repeater is needed when

remote units cannot communicate directly with each other, but direct transfers of data between them are necessary (as in a true WAN). When configured as a repeater, the base station passes data packets between remote stations based on the remote group status and the MAC (Media Access Control) address filter. Remote stations ignore the packets they hear from other remotes, and listen only to the repeated packets from the base. See

Repeater Mode (Base Station Only)

, page 49 for more information.

Setting

2

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Hardware Description

Shipping Package Contents

When you receive a Hopper Plus, the shipping package contains the following items:

¥ Hopper Plus 120-24 unit

¥ indoor antenna ¥ power supply cord ¥ AC/DC power adapter ¥ straight-through ethernet cable (RJ45) ¥ crossover ethernet cable (RJ45) ¥ DB9 (M) to DB25 (F) adaptor ¥ RS-232 DB9 serial cable ¥ Installation and Configuration Guide ¥ Warranty Card

Hardware Description

If any of the above items are not included in the Hopper Plus 120-24 shipping package, contact Wi-LAN customer support immediately.

Hopper Plus 120-24 Unit

The Hopper Plus 120-24 has connectors and LEDs on the front and back panels.

Front Panel

LED IndicatorsRS-232 Management Port

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3

Description

The the front panel connector and LEDs are described below. The color of a LED indicates its status See

Front Panel LEDs

, page 111 for detailed information.

MANAGEMENT Por t

An RS-232, DB9 connector used to communicate with a PC. Use this port to conﬁgure, test and set up the Hopper Plus.

AIR LED Color of LED indicates the status of the wireless link

during transmit, receive, or listen. Normal color: Orange.

MODE LED Color of LED indicates the test status of the unit when

unit is in test mode. Normal color: Off.

WIRE LED Color of LED indicates the status of the wire link during

transmit, receive, transmit and receive, or listen. Normal color: Green, Red, Orange or Off.

POWER LED Shows the status of the unit’s power. Normal color:

Green.

Connectors for power, antenna and wired network are located on the back panel, as well as a mode button and a link LED.

Rear Panel

Antenna (TNC) Connector

MODE button

Power Connector

LINK LED

Network Por t

4

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Hardware Description

Items located on the back panel are described below:

ANTENNA Connector The antenna connector is located at the top left of the rear

panel. It is TNC (Threaded N-type Connector) male or female. This port should always be connected to an antenna directly or through a 50 ohm coaxial cable.

POWER Connector 3-pin power connector. See Power Connector Pinout , page

112 for detailed pinout illustration.

MODE Button The mode button can be used to set the operating mode of

a unit without a terminal. See Setting Operating Mode with

the MODE Button , page 68 for information about the mode

button.

10/100 BASET A standard RJ45 female connector. To connect to a PC

Ethernet card, you must use the crossover twisted-pair cable (provided). To connect to a hub, use a straightthrough twisted-pair cable.

LINK LED The color of the LED indicates the data rate and status of

the twisted-pair connection. Green = 10 BaseT link, functioning properly. Orange = 100 BaseT link, functioning properly. Off = No link.

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5

Description

Hopper Plus 120-24 Speciﬁcations

General Speciﬁcations

Modulation Method: Multi-Code Direct Sequence Spread

Wireless Data Rate: 12 Mbps

RF Frequency Range: 2.4 - 2.4835 MHz (unlicensed ISM band)

Number of Center Frequencies: 7 independent, 3 concurrent

Power Requirements: 48W @ 12VDC (via 110/240 VAC 50/60 Hz

Physical Dimensions: 24 x 8 x 21 centimeters

Radio Speciﬁcations

Antenna Connector: Reverse TNC

Spectrum

adaptor)

(9.5 x 3.2 x 8.3 inches)

TNC

Output Power: +18.5 dBm

Receiver Sensitivity: – 83 dBm

Processing Gain: >10 dB

Network Support

Packet Format: IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II

(High-level protocol transparent)

LAN Connection: 10/100 BaseT (autonegotiates)

Bridge Functionality: Local Packet Filtering (self-learning), Static IP

address ﬁltering, throttling capability

Wireless Networking Protocols

Network Topologies: Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint,

Multipoint-to-Multipoint

Repeater Mode: User Conﬁgurable

RF Collision Management: Dynamic Polling, with Dynamic Time

Allocation

Security

Data Scrambling: User Conﬁgurable

Data Security Password: Security password of up to 20 bytes in length

48

(10

combinations)

Conﬁguration, Management, and Diagnostics

Conﬁguration Methods: SNMP, Telnet, and RS-232 Management Port

6

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Hopper Plus 120-24 Specifications

SNMP: Version I compliant (RFC 1157), MIB standard

and enterprise (RFC 1213)

Management Port Functionality: Supports system conﬁguration, security,

access control, wireless LAN diagnostics and management, menu-driven ASCII interface via RS-232 DB-9.

Environment

Units must be located in a weatherproof environment with an ambient temperature from 0 to 40º Celsius and humidity 0 – 95% non-condensing.

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7

Description

8

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Installation

Basic Installation Steps

The following basic steps are required to successfully install your Hopper Plus 120-24 wireless bridge. For detailed information about performing the steps, see the references provided.

1. Plan your network. Before you install any equipment, you need to determine the phys-

ical layout of your wireless link, plan antenna and fade margin requirements, and optimize the wireless link. For help, refer to Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link or contact Wi-LAN customer support. You will require a minimum of two Hopper Plus units (one conﬁgured as a base, and one conﬁgured as a remote) to create a wireless link between two wired network segments.

2. Check the contents of each shipping carton to ensure all the required parts are

present. See Hardware Description, page 3 for a list of parts.

3. Conﬁgure one Hopper Plus unit as a base station. See Conﬁguring a Unit as a Base,

page 10. (Units come from the factory conﬁgured as remotes).

4. Test the basic operation of the bridge. See Testing Basic Operation, page 11 for more

information.

5. Place the units in their ﬁeld locations and connect them to antennas, the wired net-

work, and power.

Warning: External antennas must be professionally installed and follow accepted safety,

grounding, electrical, and civil engineering standards.

Always connect an antenna to the ANTENNA port before you power up a unit or you can damage a unit.

6. Conﬁgure each unit as follows:

l View and set the Unit Identiﬁcation. See Viewing Unit Identiﬁcation, page 20

and Setting Unit Identiﬁcation, page 21. l Set the Station Rank. See Setting the Station Rank, page 43. l Set the Center Frequency. See Setting the Center Frequency, page 44. l Set the Security Passwords. See Setting Security Passwords, page 45. l Set the Acquisition Code. See Setting the Acquisition Code, page 47. l Set the Remote Unit RF Group. See Setting Remote Unit RF Group, page 52. l Change the default passwords. See Setting Login Passwords, page 59.

7. Test the installed wireless network using ping, ftp, or ﬁle transfers.

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If you have problems, contact Wi-LAN customer support.

9

Installation

Conﬁguring a Unit as a Base

Hopper Plus 120-24 units are delivered from the factory configured as remote units. To make a wireless bridge, you need to configure one unit as a base unit (base station). All other units in the wireless network can remain configured as remote units (so you do not need to change the "station type" of remotes). No user software is required to install a unit.

To conﬁgure one unit as a base unit

1. Connect a PC to the MANGAGEMENT port to the Hopper Plus unit that will be the base unit.

Connecting PC to MANAGEMENT Port

Hopper Plus Unit

S U L P

R

E

R I

IR

MODE

A

W

O

W

P

Management Port

Serial Cable to PC COM port

PC

2. Start the terminal emulation program (for example, HyperTerm¤—see Appendix B:

Using HyperTerminal, page 87).

3. Press

Enter. Enter the default password (choose supervisor). The Main Menu is

displayed.

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Testing Basic Operation

4. Select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration

window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type -> Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

5. Select Station Type.

6. Select Base Unit and press Enter.

7. Select Reboot New RF configuration and press

8. Log in to the unit.

9. Select Save Current Config to Flash and press

memory.

10. Select Logout from the Main Menu to exit.

Testing Basic Operation

Wi-LAN recommends that you bench test units before placing them the field. You should first perform a standalone test, then test the bridge as part of a simple network.

Once one unit has been set to a base unit, it can then be used to test all other remote units without making configuration changes to the remotes.(Units are shipped from factory configured as remotes).

Performing a Bench Test

Enter. The unit reboots.

Enter. The settings are stored in flash

To perform a bench test of the bridge

1. Ensure that you have configured a unit as a base unit.

2. Ensure that the station type of all other units is Remote Unit. See

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Setting the Station

Type, page 42.

11

Installation

3. Locate base unit and one remote unit at least twenty meters apart with a clear line of sight between them.

4. Attach the provided indoor antenna to the antenna port of each unit, and orient the antenna vertically.

5. Power up both units.

Basic Test Setup

20m

minimum

Indoor

Antenna

S U L

E

P

D

R

O

I

WIRE

M

A

AIR LED = orange

R

E

W

O

P

S U L

E

P

D

R

O

I

WIRE

M

A

AIR LED = orange

Indoor Antenna

R

E

W

O

P

Base Unit Remote Unit

6. Observe the AIR LED of each unit and look for normal status. A normal status is indicated when the AIR LEDs on the base and the remote unit are both orange. The status of the AIR LED is indicated as follows.

Orange (both stations) The stations are continuously sending and receiving

sync packets.

Red (base station) The stations are conﬁgured incorrectly, and the base

station is transmitting without receiving acknowledgment.

Green (remote station) The stations are conﬁgured incorrectly, and the remote

station is receiving packets to which it cannot respond.

Off Nothing is being received (by the remote) or transmitted

(from the base).

Note: If antennas are too close together, the strong transmit signal will cause distortion at the receiveing unit. You can fine-tune antennas by physically moving the antenna. When the remote antenna is correctly aligned, the AIR LED is orange, indicating that data from the base station is being received and acknowledged.

7. Run the Link Monitor test on the remote unit. See

Rank (Base Station Only), page 38. Check for RSSI below 40% and BER = 0. If you

Setting Link Monitor Remote Station

have problems ensure that the unit is configured to its basic default settings or contact Wi-LAN customer support.

8. Disable Link Monitor.

9. When both AIR LEDs are orange, power down both units and perform the simple network test. See

Performing a Simple Network Test, page 13.

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Testing Basic Operation

Performing a Simple Network Test

To perform a simple network test

1. Connect one Hopper Plus 120-24 to the LAN.

2. Connect a PC from your network directly to the other Hopper Plus 120-24 (connect

with a 10/100 BaseT crossover cable if no hub is used).

Note:

Cabling between 10/100 BaseT nodes is generally done through a network hub. To make a direct 10/100 BaseT connection between a Hopper Plus 120-24 and a PC, you need a standard crossover cable (swap pins 1&3; 2&6).

Simple Network Test Setup

20m

minimum

Cables connect to 10 BaseT network port

10 BaseT Cable (Straight Through)

10/100 BaseT HUB

Base Unit

S U

L P

IR

M

A

AIR LED = orange MODE LED = Off POWER LED = Green

Direct 10 BaseT Cable (Crossover)

10 BaseT Cable

R

E

D

IR

W

O

W

P

PC

Indoor Antenna

Remote Unit

S U

L P

IR

A

AIR LED = orange MODE LED = Off POWER LED = Green

R

E

D

IR

W

O

W

M

P

LAN

3. Power up each Hopper Plus 120-24 unit. Initially the LEDs should appear as follows:

POWER LED Green

MODE LED Off

AIR LED Orange

4. Create some network traffic to test the bridge (for example, transfer a file across the

5. Repeat the steps for each remote you install.

6. To test network configuration further, see

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bridge). The WIRE LED indicates the activity. See

Appendix C: Configuring a Simple

Data Network, page 93 for more information.

Appendix C: Configuring a Simple Data

Network, page 93 for moreinformation about configuring simple peer-to-peer

networks.

13

Installation

14 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Conﬁguration

This section explains how to access and use the main configuration menu (called the Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Main Menu, and shown below). In this section, each item in the Main Menu is described in the order that it appears in the menu.

Use the Main Menu and your keyboard keys to select, view or change settings. Some items in the menu simply display information, while others ask you to enter data or make a selection from a list.

Main Menu

Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Main Menu

-> Unit Identification Hardware/Software Revision System Software ROM Images Current System Status IP Network Configuration IP Filter Configuration RF Station Configuration Radio Module Configuration RF/Ethernet Statistics System Security System Commands Link Monitor Display

Logout

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Configuration

Accessing the Main Menu

You can access the Main Menu via the MANAGEMENT port or a telnet session.

You can also configure the Hopper Plus 120-24 remotely with the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) manager. See Appendix D: SNMP MIB, page 99 for information about SNMP.

Accessing Main Menu with MANAGEMENT Port

To access the Main Menu through the MANAGEMENT port

1. Disconnect the power from the Hopper Plus unit.

2. Connect a serial cable from a DB9 serial port on the PC to the MANAGEMENT port on the Hopper Plus (adaptors are shipped with the unit). See Configuring a Unit as a

Base, page 10.

3. Start a terminal emulation program (such as Hyperterm) on the PC. See Appendix B:

Using HyperTerminal.

4. Set the terminal emulation program to emulate a VT100 terminal with the following settings:

¥ COM port PC serial port connected to Hopper Plus unit ¥ Bits per second: 9600 ¥ Data bits: 8 ¥ Parity: none ¥ Stop bits: 1 ¥ Flow control: none

5. Reconnect the power to the Hopper Plus unit.

6. Press

Enter. The Login menu is displayed.

Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Login

Software: Rev 0.0.0 (May 25 2000 10:13:37)

Hardware: Rev 0.0.0 (4MB SDRAM, 4MB Intel Flash)

Enter Password:

7. Type the default password, or type your password.

Login Account Default Password Privileges

User user Read Only

Supervisor supervisor Read and Write

The Main Menu is displayed.

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Accessing the Main Menu

Accessing Units via telnet

To access units via telnet

1. Ensure that the unit s Internet IP address has been configured, the unit has a working

Ethernet connection, and wire and remote access has been enabled (see Setting

Remote Access, page 60).

2. Ensure that the VT100 Arrows feature in your telnet session is enabled. See Setting

VT100 Arrows, page 18.

3. From a VT100 terminal, or emulation program, type telnet <IP address>

where <IP address> is the address of the unit that you want to configure.

4. Press

Enter. The Login menu is displayed.

Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Login

Software: Rev 0.0.0 (May 25 2000 10:13:37)

Hardware: Rev 0.0.0 (4MB SDRAM, 4MB Intel Flash)

Enter Password:

5. Type the default password (user or supervisor) or type your personal password.

The Main Menu is displayed.

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17

Configuration

Setting VT100 Arrows

To set the VT100 arrows in Microsoft telnet

1. In the active Microsoft telnet 1.0 session, select Terminal, Preferences from the menu bar. The Terminal Preferences window is displayed.

2. Click the VT100 Arrows checkbox.

3. Click OK. The VT100 arrows are enabled in the telnet session.

You can now use the keyboard arrow keys to navigate the configuration menus.

18 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Conﬁguring with the Main Menu

This section describes how to configure units with the Main Menu. Menu items are presented in the order they appear in the menu shown below.

Main Menu

Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 Main Menu

-> Unit Identification Hardware/Software Revision System Software ROM Images Current System Status IP Network Configuration IP Filter Configuration RF Station Configuration Radio Module Configuration RF/Ethernet Statistics System Security System Commands Link Monitor Display

Configuring with the Main Menu

Logout

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19

Configuration

Unit Identiﬁcation

Viewing Unit Identiﬁcation

You can view a unit s serial number, production date, and MAC address in the Unit Identification menu. These fields are view only and are set at the factory.

To view unit identiﬁcation

1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification The Unit Identification window is displayed.

Unit Identification

Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 001030040502

Unit Name/Description -> System Name Unit Location System Location Contact Name System Manager's Name

where

Serial Number Unique serial number of the unit (Read Only).

Production Date Date that the unit was produced (Read Only).

Ethernet MAC Address Unique Internet MAC address for the unit

(Read Only).

20 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Unit Identification

Setting Unit Identiﬁcation

You can configure a unit s name, location, and contact name for system management purposes. This information could be used to distinguish remote units by their physical location or by meaningful names rather than the unit s station rank. The unit identification information does not need to be configured for a working system.

To set unit name/description

1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification. The Unit Identification

window is displayed.

Unit Identification

Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 001030040502

Unit Name/Description -> System Name Unit Location System Location Contact Name System Manager's Name

where

Serial Number Unit serial number.

Production Date The production date: MM-DD-YY.

Ethernet MAC Address

MAC (Media Access Control) address. The physical Ethernet address.

2. Select Unit Name/Description.

3. Type in new name or description.

4. Press

Enter. The new name or description is displayed in the entry field.

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21

Configuration

To set unit location

1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification. The Unit Identification window is displayed.

Unit Identification

Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 001030040502

Unit Name/Description System Name Unit Location -> System Location Contact Name System Manager's Name

2. Select Unit Location.

3. Type in the new location.

4. Press

Enter. The new location appears in the entry field.

To set unit contact name

1. From the Main Menu, select Unit Identification. The Unit Identification window is displayed.

Unit Identification

Serial Number Serial-Number Production Date 01-01-2000 Ethernet MAC Address 1030040502

Unit Name/Description System Name Unit Location System Location Contact Name -> System Manager's Name

2. Select Contact Name.

3. Type in a contact or manager name.

4. Press

Enter. The new name appears in the entry field.

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Hardware/Software Revision

Viewing System Revision Information

The system revision information shows details about the system including:

¥ version of the Hopper Plus 120-24 hardware ¥ ROM and RAM size ¥ version number of the system image file on the unit ¥ version date of the system image file on the unit ¥ name of the image file running on the Hopper Plus 120-24

To view system revision information

From the Main Menu, select Hardware/Software Revision. The System Revision Information window is displayed. The window is view only.

System Revision Information

Hardware Rev 0.0.0 (4MB SDRAM, 4MB Intel Flash) ROM Size 0x400000 RAM Size 0x400000

Hardware/Software Revision

Software Rev 0.0.0 (Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 WEBII) June 26 2000 10:13:37 318452 Bytes File Name FACTORY-IMAGE

where

Hardware The revision number of the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit, and

the RAM and FLASH installed in the unit.

ROM Size The amount of read-only memory in the unit.

RAM Size The amount of random-access memory in the unit. This

value also appears in the Hardware ﬁeld.

Software The revision number of the system image running on the

unit, the date of the revision, and the size of the ﬁle (in this case FACTORY-IMAGE).

File Name The ﬁle name of the system image running on the unit.

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23

Configuration

System Software ROM Images

Viewing System Software ROM Images

The System Software ROM Images window shows a list of all images available on the unit. An image is the embedded software stored in Flash ROM that the unit uses to operate. The example lists only the Factory-Image, however, several images may be available for use. As new images become available, Wi-LAN will place the images on their web site and make them available for downloading by customers.

To view system software ROM images

From the Main Menu, select System Software ROM Images. The System Software ROM Images window is displayed. The window is view only.

System Software ROM Images

File Name Revision Date Time Size Default Image

-------------------- -------- ----------- -------- ------ -------------

FACTORY-IMAGE 0.0.0 May 25 2000 10:13:37 306524 Current

More than one image may be listed here

.

where

File Name The names of all system image ﬁles stored in the unit.

Revision The revision number of the system image ﬁle. Each time

the system image is modiﬁed, the revision number increases by 1 unit. For example, the ﬁrst revision to the ﬁle would make the revision number 0.0.1.

Date The date the image ﬁle was last revised.

Time The time the image ﬁle was last revised.

Size The size of the image ﬁle in bytes.

Default Image Indicates which image ﬁle is the default. This is the

image used at power up. See To set the default image, page 62 to modify default image.

24 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Current System Status

Viewing Current System Status

The Current System Status window shows administration information such as the time a unit has been running, and login statistics.

To view current system status

From the Main Menu, select System Current Status. The System Current Status window is displayed. The window is view only.

System Current Status

Cumulative Run-Time Days: 0 Hours: 7 Current Run-Time Days: 0 00:38:38 Successful Logins 16 Unsuccessful Logins 1 Local User Logged In Supervisor Telnet User Logged In None FTP User Logged In None

Current System Status

.

where

Cumulative Run-Time The number of hours the system has been running

since it was manufactured. This information is required for maintenance purposes.

Current Run-Time The time duration that has passed since the unit was

last reset or power cycled.

Successful Logins The number of times that the conﬁguration menus

have been successfully accessed.

Unsuccessful Logins The number of times that access to the conﬁguration

menus has failed.

Local User Logged In The access level of the user currently logged into the

conﬁguration menus via the RS-232.

Telnet User Logged In

FTP User Logged In The access level of the user currently logged into the

The access level of the user currently logged into the conﬁguration menus via a telnet session.

host FTP server.

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25

Configuration

IP Network Conﬁguration

To remotely manage the Hopper Plus 120-24 units, you need to define the Internet IP settings.

Setting the Internet IP Address and Subnet Mask

Each Hopper Plus 120-24 unit in a system must have a valid Internet IP address and subnet mask for communication via TCP/IP.

To set the Internet IP address

1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network Configuration window is displayed.

Network Configuration

Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100

New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) -> 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 0.0.0.0

2. Select New IP Address.

3. Type the unique Internet IP address for the unit.

4. Press the Enter key. The new Internet IP address appears in the New IP Address (Reboot Reqd)field, but the old address remains in the upper field.

5. Reboot the unit, or power the unit down and up toeffect the changes.

26 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

IP Network Configuration

To set the Internet IP subnet mask

1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network

Configuration window is displayed.

Network Configuration

Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100

New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask -> 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 0.0.0.0

2. Select Internet IP Subnet Mask.

3. Type the Internet IP subnet mask for the unit.

4. Press

Enter. The Internet IP subnet mask appears in the field and is assigned to the

unit.

Setting the Default Gateway IP Address

You need to define the IP address of the system gateway. This address designates the main entry point into the network, and is usually in the same subnet as the unit IP address.

To set the default gateway IP address

1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network

Configuration window is displayed.

Network Configuration

Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100

New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address -> 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address 0.0.0.0

2. Select Default Gateway IP Address.

3. Type the default gateway IP address for the unit.

4. Press

Enter.

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27

Configuration

Setting the SNMP NMS Trap IP Address

The SNMP (System Network Management Protocol) NMS (Network Management System) Trap IP address identifies the IP address of the network manager. This address communicates all alarms or events to the network manager. The network manager can define the types of traps, or alarms, that will be forwarded to the IP address.

To set the SNMP NMS trap IP address

1. From the Main Menu, select IP Network Configuration. The Network Configuration window is displayed.

Network Configuration

Internet IP Address 192.168.1.100

New IP Address (Reboot Reqd) 192.168.1.100 Internet IP Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway IP Address 0.0.0.0 SNMP NMS Trap IP Address -> 0.0.0.0

2. Select SNMP NMS Trap IP Address.

3. Type the SNMP NMS Trap IP address for the unit.

4. Press

Enter. The SNMP NMS Trap IP address appears in the entry field and is applied

to the unit.

28 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

IP Filter Conﬁguration

You can define IP address filters to control the data that is transmitted and received through the Hopper Plus unit. The following table describes the IP filters.

Filter Setting

IP packet off (disabled) All packets are passed.

on (enabled) Only IP and ARP packets are passed.

IP address off (disabled) All IP packets are passed.

on (enabled) Only packets whose IP addresses reside in at least

Each IP address list is defined by a range and base value. The range defines how many contiguous IP addresses are in the list, and the base sets the lowest address of the list.

The following is a list of addresses and their capabilities:

IP Filter Configuration

one of the IP ﬁlter lists are passed. There are ﬁve IP ﬁlter lists: each can contain up to 255 IP addresses.

Addresses that pass only IP packets and IP Addresses

192.168.2.10

192.168.2.11

192.168.2.12

192.168.2.13

Conﬁgure IP Filtering as:

IP Packet Filtering = on IP Address Filtering = on Filter 1 Range (0 - 255) = 4 Filter 1 Base Address = 192.168.2.10 Filter 2 Range (0 - 255) = 2 Filter 2 Base Address = 194.120.3.51 Filter 3 Range (0 - 255) = 4 Filter 3 Base Address =

194.120.3.254

194.120.3.51

194.120.3.52

194.120.3.254

194.120.3.255

194.120.4.0

194.120.4.1

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29

Configuration

To enable IP packet ﬁltering

1. From the Main Menu, select IP Filter Configuration. The IF Filter Configuration window is displayed.

IP Filter Configuration

IP Packet Filtering -> off IP Address Filtering off

Filter 1 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 1 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 2 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 2 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 3 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 3 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 4 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 4 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 5 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 5 Base Address 0.0.0.0

2. Select IP Packet Filtering.

3. Scroll to off or on. (Initially start with setting to off).

4. Press

Enter.

To enable IP address ﬁltering

1. From the Main Menu, select IP Filter Configuration. The IF Filter Configuration window is displayed.

IP Filter Configuration

IP Packet Filtering off IP Address Filtering -> off

Filter 1 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 1 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 2 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 2 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 3 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 3 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 4 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 4 Base Address 0.0.0.0

Filter 5 Range (0-255) 0 Filter 5 Base Address 0.0.0.0

30 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

2. Select IP Address Filtering.

3. Scroll to on.

4. Press

Enter.

5. Select Filter 1 Range (0 - 255).

6. Type in the value (0 - 255).

7. Press

Enter.

8. Select Filter 1 Base Address.

9. Type in the value.

10. Press

Enter.

11. Repeat steps 5-10 for other filter lists.

IP Filter Configuration

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

31

Configuration

RF Station Conﬁguration

The RF Station Configuration menu contains test and optimization parameters for the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit. You can change the test mode time, operating mode, RF transmit status, and link monitor period. You can also change Base Station Only settings, and Remote Station Only settings.

Setting Test Mode Time

Before you test the unit, you need to set the test mode timer. The test mode timer sets the maximum time that the unit will remain in test mode. If the Hopper Plus is not returned to the normal mode before time runs out, the unit will perform an automatic software reboot and return to normal operating mode.

Note: The timer applies to tests initiated with the configuration menus and the mode button, but the timer can only be configured via the menus

To set test mode timer

. 1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station

Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) -> 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km

Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select Test Mode Timer Minutes.

3. Type the desired time value in minutes (1-1000).

4. Press

Enter.

32 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

RF Station Configuration

Setting the Operating Mode

The Hopper Plus starts up in Normal mode. Three modes are available for test purposes: Receive, Transmit, and RSSI.

Receive Receives only. Processes expected packet data and displays

statistics on RS-232 monitor.

Transmit Transmits only. Sends known packet data to the receiver.

RSSI RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator). Unit receives

packets and displays fade margin data on Air LED.

When testing a bridge, one unit is placed in Transmit mode and the other unit is placed in Receive mode. The transmitting unit sends packets of known data to the receiving unit. The receiving unit analyzes the data and can display llink statistics on a terminal, as shown below.

Link Statistics

Previous Sample

Current Sample

- BER = 0.0E+00, MPC = 0, EnvP = 63, CorrP = 63 | BER = 0.0E+00, MPC = 0, EnvP = 63, CorrP = 63

Bit Error Rate

Missed Packet Count

Envelope Power

Correlation Power

Alternating vertical and horizontal lines indicate that data is incoming.

where

BER Bit Error Rate

MPC Missed Packet Count

EnvP Envelope Power. The power of the received

signal inlcuding noise, measured in dB (0–63)

CorrP Correlation Power. The power of the received

signal, excluding noise, measured in dB (0–63)

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33

Configuration

RSSI mode is used to measure the fade margin of a system. The receive unit is put into RSSI mode and its AIR LED indicates the fade margin according to the following table:

AIR LED Color Signal Strength

Green Reliable signal - greater than 15 dB fade margin

Orange Marginal signal - between 11 and 15 dB fade margin

Red Poor signal - less than 10 dB fade margin

Blank No signal at all

To set the operating mode

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode -> Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km

Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select Operating Mode.

3. Select the desired mode: Normal Mode, Transmit Mode, Receive Mode, or RSSI Mode.

4. Press

Enter.

Note: The operating mode can also be set with the MODE button on the back of the

Hopper Plus. See Setting Operating Mode with the MODE Button, page 68 for more information.

34 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

RF Station Configuration

Setting the RF Transmit Status

This setting blocks a unit from carrying traffic.

To set RF transmit status

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station

Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status -> unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select RF Transmit Status.

3. Select a setting.

unblocked Transmits and receives. This is the default setting.

blocked Receives only

4. Press

Enter.

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35

Configuration

Setting the Link Monitor Period

The Link Monitor Period determines the amount of test data that is sent during a link monitor test. The following table shows how much test data is sent during the link monitor test.

Monitor

Setting

0 0 100 link monitor disabled

1 50 50 maximum test data

2 33.3 66.6

325 75

. . . . . . . . .

10000 0.01 99.99 minimum test data

Test data (%) Message data (%) Notes

To set Link Monitor Period

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) ->10 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select Link Monitor Period.

3. Type the time value in minutes (0=OFF, 1-1000)

4. Press

Enter.

36 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

RF Station Configuration

Setting Maximum Remote Distance (Base Station Only)

The Maximum Remote Distance is used to optimize dynamic polling by compensating for polling delay.

Important: In the base unit, the Maximum Remote Distance should always be set to the distance between the base and the farthest remote.

To set the maximum remote distance

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station

Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer (1-1000)mins 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance -> 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select Maximum Remote Distance.

3. Scroll to select the distance of the furthest remote unit.

4. Press

Enter.

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37

Configuration

Setting Link Monitor Remote Station Rank (Base Station Only)

The Hopper Plus can test the RF link while it carries actual data. Link monitor sends test data along with the message data (the amount of data sent is determined by the setting of the Link Monitor Period). See Setting the Link Monitor Period, page 36.) The receiving unit processes statistics and sends the test data and statistics back to the testing unit. The testing unit then processes and displays statistics for both directions on the link monitor display. (See Viewing Link Monitor Statistics, page 66 for information about viewing link monitor statistics).

Note: It is possible to run the link monitor twice over one link by enabling it on the base and the remote at the same time. This situation should be avoided as it causes needless overhead.

You can run the link monitor from the base or any remote. When you run the link monitor from the base station, you must enter the station rank of the remote whose link you wish to test (rank represents the number of remotes that the base polls). When you run the link monitor from a remote, the only link that can be tested is to the base, so the station rank is not configured.

To set the link monitor rank from the base unit

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0-OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank -> 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select Link Monitor Remote Station Rank.

3. Type the station rank of the remote to test.

38 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

RF Station Configuration

4. Press Enter. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0-OFF, 1-10000) -> 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km

Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

5. Select Link Monitor Period.

6. Type in the desired link monitor period (0=OFF, 1-10000).

7. Press

Enter.

For information about viewing the statistics, see Viewing Link Monitor Statistics, page 66.

To set the link monitor rank from a remote unit

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station

Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0-OFF, 1-10000) -> 0 Test Mode Timer Minutes (1-1000) 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km

Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select Link Monitor Period.

3. Type in the desired link monitor value (1-10000).

4. Press

Enter.

For information about viewing the statistics, see Viewing Link Monitor Statistics, page 66.

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39

Configuration

Setting Throttling (Remote Station Only)

Throttling limits the amount of data that passes though a remote Hopper Plus 120-24 unit. When throttling is enabled, the amount of data passed is equal to the throttling level times 128 kbps, to a maximum of 6.4 Mbps. Throttling applies to both the down link and up link traffic, so a setting of 128 kbps means the unit can pass 128 kbps in each direction. When throttling is disabled, the unit allows up to the maximum available bandwidth. The default setting is to disable throttling.

To enable throttling

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station Configuration window is displayed.

RF Station Configuration

Operating Mode Normal Mode RF Transmit Status unblocked Link Monitor Period (0=OFF, 1-10000) 0 Test Mode Timer (1-1000)mins 5

Base Station Only Parameters

Maximum Remote Distance 5 Km Link Monitor Remote Station Rank 1

Remote Station Only Parameters Throttle Enable -> off Throttle Level (1-50) 1

2. Select Throttle Enable.

3. Scroll to select on.

4. Press

Enter.

40 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Radio Module Conﬁguration

Changing the configuration settings of a Hopper Plus while it operates in a system could disrupt service. To prevent disruptions when the configuration is being changed, the Hopper Plus stores configuration information in three different states:

New The intended conﬁguration changes. Temporary.

Current The conﬁguration actually running on the unit. Temporary.

Flash The conﬁguration that was stored last in FLASH memory.

Final conﬁguration is saved to FLASH memory.

To change the current conﬁguration of the radio module

1. Set the Config Test Minutes. See Setting Config Test Minutes, page 48.

2. Make new configuration changes with the Radio Module Configuration menu. These

changes are stored in the New state, but the radio uses the Current state configuration until it is rebooted with new configuration.

3. Reboot the unit following the steps in Rebooting and Saving RF Configurations, page

53. The unit runs the new configuration, and the old configuration is retained in FLASH.

4. If the new configuration works as intended, then the changes can be saved to FLASH.

See To save current configuration to FLASH, page 54.

If the new configuration disrupts communications, then the configuration stored in

FLASH is restored after a timeout has elapsed. The unit can be re-configured and tested until the unit works as intended.

Radio Module Configuration

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41

Configuration

Setting the Station Type

Each Hopper Plus 120-24 unit must be defined as a base or a remote unit. In any given system there is only one base unit, but there can be numerous remote units.

To set the station type

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type -> Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Station Type.

3. Scroll to select the desired station type (base unit or remote unit).

4. Press

Enter.

42 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Radio Module Configuration

Setting the Station Rank

For a base station, rank is the number of remotes that the base polls (regardless of the actual number of remotes in the system). The base station rank should equal the number of remotes so the base does not waste time polling nonexistent remotes.

For a remote unit, rank is a unique number that identifies the remote to the base station.

The base station polls remote units sequentially from rank 1 to the base unit s station rank, then repeats the process.

To set the station rank

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Conﬁguration. The Radio Module

Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) -> 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Station Rank (1-1000).

3. Type the rank number of the station.

4. Press

Enter.

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43

Configuration

Setting the Center Frequency

The center frequency defines the channel the unit uses to transmit and receive RF energy. To ensure communication between units, all units in a system must have the same center frequency value.

To set the center frequency

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency -> 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Center Frequency.

3. Scroll to select the RF center frequency to apply to all units in the network.

4. Press

Enter. The center frequency is stored in the New state.

44 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

All units in the same network must have these conﬁgurations set the same.

Radio Module Configuration

Setting Security Passwords

Up to five different passwords can be set for a unit. Only Security Password 1 is required, the other passwords are optional. The higher the number passwords that are used, the higher the level of security for the unit. The set of passwords on the remote unit must match the set of passwords on the base unit. All passwords are exchanged between units, even when l password are not used. Passwords can be set and modified directly with the Radio Module Configuration menu.

Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.

To set security passwords

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio

Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency -> 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

2. Select Security Password 1.

3. Enter a password in Hex code.

4. Press Note: Security Passwords 2 to 5 are optional.

5. If you want to use more than one password, select Security Password n.

6. Enter a password in Hex code.

7. Select Reboot New RF configuration.

8. Press

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

Enter. The password is stored in the New state.

Enter. The passwords are put into effect.

45

Configuration

Setting the Scrambling Code

The scrambling code is used to scramble messages so only units with the correct scrambling code will be able to read messages. The scrambling code can be 0-32 bits long.

Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.

To set scrambling codes

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window appears.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) -> 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Scrambling Code.

3. Type the code.

4. Press

Enter.

46 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Radio Module Configuration

Setting the Acquisition Code

The acquisition code ensures that the receiver does not process any signals not intended for that receiver. The receiver processes only signals with the correct acquisition code.

Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.

To set the acquisition code

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio

Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) -> 0 0 0 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Acquisition Code.

3. Type the Acquisition code (0-15).

4. Press

Enter.

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

47

Configuration

Setting Conﬁg Test Minutes

Since there is a chance that RF configuration changes will disrupt communications, each unit returns to its pre-configuration state after a timeout (unless the changes are saved to FLASH before the timeout). This timeout is set with the Config Test Minutes parameter, which can be set from 1 to 120 minutes.

When testing, the configuration test timeout value should be set before any other radio module changes are made, so that the correct value is used if other changes cause the unit to lock up. If you set the timeout too low, then you may not have time to save the changes to FLASH. If you set it too high, then you will have to wait a long time for the unit to reboot after a change that disrupts service.

Note: All units in the same network must have this setting set to the same value.

To set the test timeout

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0 Config Test Minutes (1-120) -> 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Config Test Minutes.

3. Type the test minutes value (1-120).

4. Press

Enter.

5. Select Reboot New RF configuration.

6. Press

Enter. The unit reboots with the temporary test timeout period in effect.

7. To move the setting to FLASH see Rebooting and Saving RF Configurations, page 53.

48 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Radio Module Configuration

Setting Repeater Mode (Base Station Only)

When a base unit has repeater mode enabled, it re-transmits messages to all remotes in the same RF group. When repeater mode is disabled, remote-to-remote traffic is allowed if radio communication is possible and remotes are in the same non-zero RF group.

To set the repeater mode

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Conﬁguration. The Radio Module

Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode -> off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Repeater Mode.

3. In the Repeater Mode entry field, scroll to select the desired setting based on the

following table.

off Base unit does not re-transmit messages. This is the default

setting.

on Base unit re-transmits messages received from one remote to

other remotes in the same RF group.

4. Press

Enter.

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49

Configuration

Setting System Symmetry Type (Base Station Only)

System symmetry type defines the amount of priority the base unit has when polling the remotes. The default setting "asymmetric" gives the base unit a time slot after each remote is polled—an asymmetric system is appropriate when the base is the access point to a large network.The "symmetric" setting limits the base unit to one time slot for every polling cycle; a symmetric system is more efficient when the base has data passing requirements that are similar to the remotes.

To set system symmetry type

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type -> Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select System Symmetry Type.

3. Scroll to the desired setting as follows.

asymmetric Base unit higher priority than remotes: the base unit has

one time slot after every remote time slot. This is the default setting.

symmetric Base unit the same priority as every remote: the base unit

has one time slot for every polling cycle.

4. Press

Enter.

50 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Radio Module Configuration

Setting Dynamic Polling Level (Base Station Only)

The Hopper Plus uses dynamic polling to reduce overhead caused by idle remote units. Every remote unit is polled by the base, and idle units are ignored for the number of polling rounds entered in the Dynamic Polling Level field.

Dynamic Polling is most effective in very large systems, where polling delay can become significant.

Important: Polling level is set only for the base unit.

To set the dynamic polling level

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Station Configuration. The RF Station

Configuration window is displayed..

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 0 0 0 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type -> Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

1. Select Dynamic Polling Level.

2. Type the desired polling level (1-60).

3. Press

Enter.

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51

Configuration

Setting Remote Unit RF Group

Remote unit RF group controls how remote units communicate with each other. Only remote units in the same non-zero RF group can communicate directly with each other. A remote with a zero RF group can only communicate with the base unit.

To set remote unit RF group

1. From the Main Menu, select RF Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) -> 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Remote Unit RF Group.

3. In the Remote Unit RF Group entry field, type the RF group number, using the following table as a guide.

RF Group Remote Characteristics

0 Closed: remote will only transmit to and receive from the base unit.

1-63 Open: remote will transmit to and receive from the base and all

remotes with the same RF group number.

4. Press

Enter.

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Radio Module Configuration

Rebooting and Saving RF Conﬁgurations

A reboot is required for temporary changes to the RF configuration to take effect. If the changes are valid, they can be saved "permanently" in the FLASH memory. If the changes are not valid, then the old configuration is restored after a programmable time-out.

To reboot new RF conﬁguration

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio

Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration -> Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Reboot New RF Configuration.

3. Press

Enter. The Hopper Plus 120-24 reboots with the new temporary RF

configuration. The old configuration is remains stored in FLASH memory. If the RF configuration is valid and the unit operates as intended, you can login again, access the Main Menu, Radio Module Configuration, Save Current Config to Flash to save changes to FLASH memory.

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53

Configuration

To save current conﬁguration to FLASH

1. From the Main Menu, select Radio Module Configuration. The Radio Module Configuration window is displayed.

Radio Module Configuration New Current Flash Station Type Remote Unit Remote Unit Remote Unit Station Rank (1-1000) 1 1 1 Center Frequency 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz 2.4400 GHz Security Password 1 (Hex) 1 1 1 Security Password 2 (Hex) 10 10 10 Security Password 3 (Hex) 100 100 100 Security Password 4 (Hex) 1000 1000 1000 Security Password 5 (Hex) 10000 10000 10000 Scrambling Code (Hex) 0 0 0 Acquisition Code (0-15) 1 1 1 Config Test Minutes (1-120) 30 30 30

Base Station Only Parameters Repeater Mode off off off System Symmetry Type Asymmetric Asymmetric Asymmetric Dynamic Polling Level (1-100) 1 Remote Station Only Parameters Remote Unit RF Group (0-63) 0 0 0

Reboot New RF configuration Press Enter to Execute Save Current Config to Flash -> Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Save Current Config to Flash.

3. Press

Enter. The current configuration is saved to FLASH. No reboot is required.

54 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

RF/Ethernet Statistics

Ethernet and RF statistics can be viewed for troubleshooting and monitoring link performance. Ethernet and RF statistics are cumulative and increment until reset. The window is view only. See Resetting the RF/Ethernet Statistics, page 64 for information about resetting RF/Ethernet statistics.

Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics

To view RF and Ethernet statistics

1. From the Main Menu, select RF/Ethernet Statistics. The RF/Ethernet

Statistics window is displayed.

RF/Ethernet Statistics

Ethernet Receive Statistics Ethernet Transmit Statistics Total Packets Received 0 Total Packets Transmitted 0 Packets For Local Host 0 Packets From Local Host 0 Receive Errors 0 Packets Dropped 0 Packets Dropped 0 Packets Discarded 0

RF/Ethernet Statistics

RF Receive Statistics RF Transmit Statistics Total Packets Received 0 Total Packets Transmitted 0 Packets For Local Host 0 Frames From Local Host 0 Packets Dropped 0 Packets Dropped 0 Packets Discarded 0

RF Super Frame Rx Statistics RF Super Frame Tx Statistics Super Frames Received 0 Super Frames Transmitted 0 Receive Overrun Errors 0 Frame Control Word Errors 0 Header Checksum Errors 0 Throughput Statistics Packet Control Word Errors 0 Ethernet-to-RF Throughput 0 Super Frame Length Errors 0 RF-to-Ethernet Throughput

0

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

55

Configuration

.

where

Total Packets Received

Packets For Local Host

Receive Errors The number of Ethernet packets received with

Ethernet Receive

Packets Dropped The number of Ethernet packets dropped because

Packets Discarded The number of Ethernet packets discarded as the

Total Packets Received

Packets For Local Host

Packets Dropped The number of Ethernet packets dropped because

RF Receive

Packets Discarded The number of Ethernet packets discarded as the

The number of Ethernet packets from the 10/100 Base-T connection.

The number of Ethernet packets received from the 10/100 Base-T connection which were destined for the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit’s TCP/IP stack.

errors, for example, runt (smaller than 64 bytes), jabber (larger than 1518 bytes), or overﬂow error.

the wireless link is at capacity.

result of ﬁltering.

The number of Ethernet packets received over RF.

The number of Ethernet packets received over RF and destined for the local host.

the wireless link is at capacity.

result of ﬁltering.

Super Frames Received

Receive Overrun Errors

Frame Control Word Errors

Header Checksum Word Errors

Packet Control

RF Super Frame Rx

Word Errors

Super Frame Length Errors

The number of super frames received.

The number of errors caused by receive buffer overrun.

The number of errors caused by frame control word problems.

The number of errors caused by receiving an invalid header checksum.

The number of errors caused by packet control word problems.

The number of errors caused by receiving an invalid super frame length.

56 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

where

RF/Ethernet Statistics

Total Packets Transmitted

Packets From Local Host

Packets Dropped The number of Ethernet packets not transmitted

Ethernet Transmit

Total Packets Transmitted

Frames From Local Host

RF Transmit

Packets Dropped The number of packets dropped because of RF

Super Frames Transmitted

RF S. F. Tx

Ethernet-to-RF Throughput

The number of Ethernet packets transmitted onto the 10/100 Base-T connection.

The number of Ethernet packets transmitted onto the 10/100 Base-T connection which originated from the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit’s TCP/IP stack.

due to some error, for example, unable to transmit within 15 retries, or underﬂow error.

The number of Ethernet packets transmitted over RF.

The number of Ethernet packets transmitted to RF from the local host.

problems.

The number of super frames transmitted.

Current data rate measured from wire to air, resolution = 1 second.

RF-to-Ethernet Throughput

Throughput

Current data rate measured from air to wire, resolution = 1 second.

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

57

Configuration

System Security

You can control access to the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit with the System Security menu.

Setting Community Names

Community names are used to control SNMP access to the Hopper Plus. Community Name 1 has read only access, and Community Name 2 has read and write access. Any SNMP manager can access and configure any Hopper Plus unit on the network as long as the unit has the correct community names and Ethernet access is enabled (see Setting

Remote Access, page 60).

Warning: Default community names are presented in all Installation and Configuration guides distributed by Wi-LAN. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that default community names are changed to unique names at installation. Record all community name changes.

Community name Privileges Default value

SNMP Community Name 1 Read public

SNMP Community Name 2 Read and Write netman

To set community names

1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is displayed.

System Security

SNMP Community Name 1 -> public SNMP Community Name 2 netman

Change User Password Press Enter to change password Confirm User Password Press Enter to confirm password

Change Supervisor Password Press Enter to change password Confirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm password

Ethernet Access to Local Host on Wireless Access to Local Host on

Auto Logout Minutes (1-120) 10

2. Select SNMP Community Name 1.

3. Type in new name.

4. Press

Enter. The new name appears in the entry field.

5. Select SNMP Community Name 2.

6. Type in new name.

7. Press

Enter. The new name appears in the entry field.

58 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

System Security

Success

Setting Login Passwords

You can control access to the configuration menus by setting passwords for the user and supervisor logins. The user login has read-only access, while the supervisor login can modify configuration settings. The default passwords match the login names.

Warning: Default passwords are listed in all Installation and Configuration guides distributed by Wi-LAN. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that default passwords are changed to unique passwords during installation. Record all password changes.

Note: When you restore factory configurations, the login passwords revert to the defaults.

To set user password

1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is

displayed.

System Security

SNMP Community Name 1 public SNMP Community Name 2 netman

Change User Password -> Press Enter to change password Confirm User Password Press Enter to confirm password

Change Supervisor Password Press Enter to change password Confirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm password

Ethernet Access to Local Host on Wireless Access to Local Host on

Auto Logout Minutes (1-120) 10

2. Select Change User Password.

3. Type the new password.

4. Press

Enter.

5. Select Confirm User Password entry field.

6. Re-type the password from step 3.

7. Press

Enter. The change is saved when appears beside the confirmation

field.

To set supervisor password

1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window

appears (see above).

2. Select Change Supervisor Password.

3. Type the new password.

4. Press

Enter.

5. Select Confirm Supervisor Password entry field.

6. Re-type the password from step 3.

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59

Configuration

Success

7. Press Enter. The change is saved when appears beside the confirmation field.

Setting Remote Access

The Hopper Plus can be accessed and configured via the Ethernet and over the RF link. The default setting is to allow both forms of remote access, but they can be disabled if required (as a security measure, for example).

To set Ethernet and wireless access

1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is displayed.

System Security

SNMP Community Name 1 public SNMP Community Name 2 netman

Change User Password Press Enter to change password Confirm User Password Press Enter to confirm password

Change Supervisor Password Press Enter to change password Confirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm password

Ethernet Access to Local Host -> on Wireless Access to Local Host on

Auto Logout Minutes (1-120) 10

2. Select Ethernet Access to Local Host.

3. In the Ethernet Access to Local Host field, select the desired setting.

on Enable access to the unit via the Ethernet.

off Disable access to the unit via the Ethernet.

4. Press

Enter.

5. Select Wireless Access to Local Host.

6. Select the desired setting.

on Enable access to the unit via the air.

off Disable access to the unit via the air.

7. Press

Enter.

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System Security

Setting the Automatic Timeout

You can specify the maximum time the system can remain idle before the configuration menus close and the Login menu reappears. This ensures that the configuration menus close if a user forgets to exit.

Note: When the menus automatically timeout, the system appears frozen. Press to view the Login window, where you can login to the menus.

To set the automatic timeout period

1. From the Main Menu, select System Security. The System Security window is

displayed.

System Security

SNMP Community Name 1 public SNMP Community Name 2 netman

Change User Password Press Enter to change password Confirm User Password Press Enter to confirm password

Enter

Change Supervisor Password Press Enter to change password Confirm Supervisor Password Press Enter to confirm password

Ethernet Access to Local Host on Wireless Access to Local Host on

Auto Logout Minutes (1-120) -> 10

2. Select Auto Logout Minutes.

3. Type the maximum idle time period in minutes that can pass before the configuration

menus close.

4. Press

Enter. The new value appears in the entry field.

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61

Configuration

System Commands

System image files contain the software that runs the unit. When you first power up the Hopper Plus unit, it runs from the factory-image. With the System Commands menu you can choose the image file that a unit uses to power up, and the image file that a unit uses to reboot.

Note: As new images are developed, Wi-LAN plans to place the images on their web site so that you can download them to the unit.

Setting Default System Image

The default image is the image file used at power up. If you have more than one image saved on a unit, you can choose the default power up file.

To set the default image

1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window is displayed.

System Commands

Default System Image -> FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE

Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Default System Image.

3. Scroll to select the image to use as the default.

4. Press

Enter. The new image file appears in the field. This image will be used each

time the Hopper Plus is powered up.

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System Commands

Setting the Reboot System Image

To set the reboot image

1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window

is displayed.

System Commands

Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image -> FACTORY-IMAGE

Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Reboot a System Image.

3. Scroll to select the image to use when rebooting.

4. Press

Enter. The new image file appears in the field. This image will be used when the

Hopper Plus is rebooted.

Rebooting the Current Image

The Reboot Current Image command must be used when the IP address is changed. See

Setting the Internet IP Address and Subnet Mask, page 26.

To reboot the current image

1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window

is displayed.

System Commands

Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE

Reboot Current Image -> Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Reboot Current Image.

3. Press

You must log in again to make further changes.

Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

Enter. The Hopper Plus reboots using the current image.

63

Configuration

Restoring Conﬁgurations

After making configuration changes you can return the unit to its original state by restoring factory configuration settings. This command can be used put the unit into a known state to aid troubleshooting, or to ensure that company configurations are removed when decommissioning the unit.

To restore the factory conﬁguration

1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window is displayed.

System Commands

Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE

Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot -> Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Restore Factory Configuration and Reboot.

3. Press

Enter. The factory configuration settings are restored.

Warning: When you restore factory configurations, the login passwords are

automatically set to default values.

You must log in again to make further changes.

Resetting the RF/Ethernet Statistics

The statistics displayed in the RF/Ethernet Statistics window are cumulative, but can be reset to track events and for troubleshooting. For example, a suspected RF problem can be diagnosed by resetting the radio statistics and simulating the situation suspected of causing the problem.

64 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

System Commands

To reset radio statistics

1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands.The System Commands window

is displayed.

System Commands

Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE

Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics -> Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Reset Radio Statistics.

3. Press

Enter. The radio statistics in the RF/Ethernet Statistics window are reset to 0

Success

when appears beside the enter field.

See Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics, page 55.

To reset Ethernet statistics

1. From the Main Menu, select System Commands. The System Commands window

is displayed.

System Commands

Default System Image FACTORY-IMAGE Reboot a System Image FACTORY-IMAGE

Reboot Current Image Press Enter to Execute Restore Factory Config and Reboot Press Enter to Execute Reset Radio Statistics Press Enter to Execute Reset Ethernet Statistics -> Press Enter to Execute

2. Select Reset Ethernet Statistics.

3. Press

Enter. The Ethernet statistics in the RF/Ethernet Statistics window are reset to 0

Success

when appears beside the enter field.

See Viewing RF/Ethernet Statistics, page 55.

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65

Configuration

Link Monitor Display

Viewing Link Monitor Statistics

Link performance statistics such as power and bit error rate can be viewed while the link monitor is running. Statistics are only available on the unit running the link monitor. The window is view only.

To view link monitor statistics

1. From the Main Menu, select Link Monitor Display. The RF Background Link Monitor Statistics window is displayed.

RF Background Link Monitor Statistics

Link Monitor Rank 0 Base to Remote BER N/A Remote to Base BER N/A Missed Packet Count 0 Base to Remote Env Power 0 Base to Remote Corr Power 0 Remote to Base Env Power 0 Remote to Base Corr Power 0

where

Link Monitor Rank When viewed on the base unit, the rank of the

remote unit whose link is being tested. When viewed on the remote unit, this ﬁeld is zero.

Base to Remote BER The bit error rate from the base to the remote.

Displays “N/A” when the link monitor is not running.

Remote to Base BER The bit error rate from the remote to the base.

Displays “N/A” when the link monitor is not running.

Missed Packet Count The number of missed packets.

Base to Remote Env Power

Base to Remote Corr Power

Remote to Base Env Power

Remote to Base Corr Power

Envelope power received at the remote.

Correlation power received at the remote.

Envelope power received at the base.

Correlation power received at the base.

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Logout

Logging Out

To log out of the Main Menu

1. From the Main Menu, select Logout.

2. Press

3. Power down the computer.

or

1. Press the Esc key on the keyboard until you reach the wilan command line.

Enter.

Enter ESC to return to Main Menu

wilan> logout

Logout

2. At the prompt, type logout.

3. Press

Enter.

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67

Configuration

Setting Operating Mode with the MODE Button

The operating mode of a unit is usually set with the RF Station Configuration menu (see

Setting the Operating Mode, page 33). However, operating mode can also be set using the

MODE button located on the back panel of the Hopper Plus 120-24. No tools or equipment are required to use this method, however, a good understanding of the operating modes and LEDs is required.

The Hopper Plus starts up in Normal operating mode with the MODE LED off.. Three test modes are available.

Mode Function MODE LED

Transmit Transmit only. Sends known packet data to the

receiver.

Receive Receive only. Processes received packet data and

displays statistics on RS-232 monitor.

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator. Unit receives

packets and displays fade margin data on AIR LED.

Red

Green

Orange

You can change the operating mode by pressing the MODE button, as explained below.

Using the MODE Button

To change the operating mode

1. Press the MODE button once and release it quickly. The unit goes into Transmit mode.

2. Press the MODE button once and the unit goes into Receive mode.

3. Press the MODE button once and the unit goes into RSSI mode.

4. Press the MODE button once and the unit returns to Transmit mode.

5. To return to Normal mode, press the MODE button and hold it down for at least two seconds. The AIR LED and MODE LED flash orange when the button has been held long enough.

Note: If you do not manually return the unit to normal mode, the unit automatically reboots and returns to normal mode when end of the test time period time is reached. The test time period cannot be set with the mode button—you must use the Main Menu to set the test mode timer (see Setting Config Test Minutes, page 48).

68 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

MODE Button Operation

Setting Operating Mode with the MODE Button

See Setting the Operating Mode, page 33 for more information about operating modes.

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69

Configuration

Command Line Interface

The Hopper Plus 120-24 has a command line interface you can use to perform basic commands. The commands are a quick way to perform basic tasks while you remain logged into the configuration menus.

Using Basic Commands

While you are logged into the configuration menus, you can press the Esc key until you exit out of the menus to the command line prompt. The appears.

You can execute all of the Hopper Plus 120-24 commands from this prompt.

The following are some of the commands you can execute at the prompt.

Command Action Example

wilan> command line prompt

help show the following command

summary list:

menu cls dir del ping logout exit quit

menu return to the conﬁguration menus wilan>menu

cls clear the terminal screen wilan>cls

dir show a ﬁle directory wilan>dir

del delete a ﬁle wilan>del sample.txt

ping ping a remote IP address wilan>ping 198.168.200.5

logout log out of the command line

interface or terminate a remote telnet session

exit log out of the command line

interface or terminate a remote telnet session

quit log out of the command line

interface or terminate a remote telnet session

wilan>help menu

wilan>logout

wilan>exit

wilan>quit

You can contact Wi-LAN customer support for additional information about the command line interface.

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Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

To ensure an effective and reliable wireless link, you need to perform some preliminary network planning before you install any hardware.

These steps include: ¥ determining the physical layout of your planned link ¥ planning your antenna and fade margin requirements ¥ configuring your RF link.

Planning the Physical Layout

Before you install the units, you must determine the physical locations for each component of the Hopper Plus 120-24 wireless system.

When you plan the physical layout, you need to: ¥ measure the physical distance between each pair of units using GPS, a map, or other

distance measurement method ¥ determine antenna mast height requirements and fade margins ¥ determine cable requirements, including routing, between antenna and unit ¥ calculate the fade margin to determine the reliability of your wireless link ¥ determine environmental requirements

Measuring the Physical Distance Between Units

Use a mapping method to determine the distance between sites, and check the radio path to identify any obstructions in the site path between the two antennas. Due to the high frequency and low output power permitted in the ISM bands, no obstructions may exist between two antennas.

Determining Antenna Requirements

If you plan to install the unit indoors, the rubber duck antenna shipped with the unit may be adequate. The signal from this antenna can penetrate several walls, although metal obstructions or building features such as elevator shafts can deflect or inhibit radio waves. Empirical testing is advised in this case because all interiors are unique.

If you plan to install the antennas outdoors you will need to consider ¥ obtaining permission from building owners if you intend to install your antenna on a

rooftop ¥ the height of the antenna required to ensure a radio Line of Sight between two

antennas that define the RF link

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Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

¥ potential wind load and ice loading impact on the antenna ¥ regulatory restrictions, such as height, on antenna mast usage in the identified location ¥ grounding requirements. You must ensure that your antenna is properly grounded for

lightning and installed according to the relevant electrical code for the location.

Determining Cable Requirements

If you are installing the antenna in an outdoor location, you will require 50 ohm coaxial cable to connect the unit to the antenna. You should minimize the length of the coaxial cable because the longer the cable is, the greater the cable losses are. You need to know the required cable lengths before you install the unit.

Note: You should use surge suppressors at the point of cable entry into the building.

Calculating Fade Margins

You can calculate the fade margin of your wireless link after you ve identified the antenna requirements. The fade margin enables you to predict the reliability of your wireless link. See Calculating Path Loss on page 78 for more information about fade margins.

Determining Environmental Requirements

Hopper Plus 120-24 units must be located in a weatherproof environment with an ambient temperature between 0… and 40… Celsius, and humidity from 0 to 95% non-condensing. Consider the building, heating, and air conditioning required to ensure that the unit operates within these conditions.

Optimizing the RF Link

Overview

This section explains how to obtain optimal performance from your RF link. Proper path planning ensures that each end of the RF link receives sufficient signal power to maintain a desired Bit Error Rate (BER). The effectiveness and reliability of your RF link depends on the following:

¥ antenna gain, beamwidth, F/B ratio, and cross-polarization discrimination ¥ distance between antennas and obstructions in the RF path ¥ above-ground height of the antennas ¥ length and type of coaxial cable connecting the Hopper Plus 120-24 and the antenna

The above factors will be used to calculate your link budget. The calculation indicates if your radio link is feasible over a given distance and path and if your RF link meets regulatory requirements. Link budgets are typically expressed in decibels (dB).

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Optimizing the RF Link

The following dB terms are used in this section:

Term Description

dB Decibel. A relative measure of power used to specify power

gains and losses. The difference in power P1 and P2 expressed in dB is:

P1

dB 10

dBd The gain or loss of an antenna reference to a standard dipole.

Gain of a Standard Dipole (dBd) = 2.14 dBi.

dBi The gain or loss of an antenna referenced to an isotropic

(theoretical point source) radiator. This measure is used with only antennas, as it quantiﬁes gain or loss of a physical radiator with respect to a theoretical one.

dBm A power measurement referenced to one milliwatt. This is an

absolute measure of power rather than a relative measure such as a gain or a loss.

log×=



-------



P2

The following variables are used to calculate the link budget:

Variable Description

System Gain The maximum path loss that the system can support

for usable data transmission.

EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power)

Receiver Sensitivity The minimum signal strength required for usable

Antenna Gain Gain of the antenna over a dipole (dBd) or

Propagation Loss The signal loss experienced as it travels through the

Cable Loss The signal loss experienced as it passes through the

Path Loss The total loss from one end of the path to the other.

The power radiating from an antenna taking into account the output power from the transmitter, connector losses, cable losses, and the antenna gain.

performance. Expressed in dBm.

theoretical (dBi).

air. Expressed in dB.

coaxial cable. Expressed in dB.

This includes propagation losses, cable losses, and any other losses that impact the system performance.

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Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

Working with System Gain

The system gain of a radio system is the difference between the transmitted power and a receiver s sensitivity threshold. The system gain of the Hopper Plus 120-24 is:

-6

BER

BER)

Formula:

Variables: Hopper Plus 120-24

Calculation: Hopper Plus 120-24

More info: To ensure reliable communications, the system gain plus all antenna

System Gain = Transmission Power - Receiver Sensitivity @ 10

Tx Power = 18.5 dBm Receiver Sensitivity = - 83 dBm (receiver sensitivity @ 10

18.5 dBm - (-83) dBm = - 101.5 dB

gains must be greater than the sum of all losses. For a reliable link, Wi-LAN recommends that the system gain plus all antenna gains be greater than the sum of all losses by a factor of 15 dB. This factor is known as the fade margin.

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Optimizing the RF Link

Calculating EIRP (Effective Isotropically Radiated Power)

EIRP is the power radiating from an antenna, taking into account the output power from the transmitter, the connector and cable losses, and the antenna gain.

power of the devices, EIRP is subject to both antenna gain and cable losses.

directional gain, which can increase the effective radiated power. Losses such as cable losses subtract from this amount. You calculate the EIRP as follows:

Formula: EIRP = Tx Power (dBm) - Cable Losses (dB) - Connector Losses

(dB) + Antenna Gain (dBi)

Note: The FCC regulatory body has set the EIRP limit to +36 dBm for

point-to-multipoint applications per FCC 15.247(b)(3)(i). For point-to-point applications, the FCC EIRP can be 3 dB higher than +36 dBm for every 1 dB less Tx power below 30 dBm.

Industry Canada speciﬁes the EIRP limit to ≤+36 dBm as per RSS-210, 6.2.2(p).

In accordance with ETS 300-328 for 2.4 GHz RLANs, the maximum EIRP shall not exceed +20 dBm, with a maximum SPD (Spectral Power Density) not exceeding +10 dBm/MHz. Conﬁrmation is required with the relevant European national radio communications local authority for deviations from this speciﬁcation.

Unlike the Tx output

Many antennas provide a

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75

Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

Optimizing Antenna Gain

To ensure the best range and interference suppression, the external antenna should be directional, focusing the radio energy in one direction (toward the other end of the link). A directional antenna focuses the RF energy to the intended station rather than omni-directionally. This reduces interference from other systems operating at the same frequency.

Note: In some situations, you may want to use an omni-directional antenna in your system design. For example, you would use an omni-directional antenna for a base station with remote sites situated in a 360… path around it.

When you select an antenna, pay particular attention to the gain specification. When you select an antenna for a remote station, select an antenna with a gain that provides at least 15 dB fade margin.

Antenna gain is specified in either dBi or dBd. When an antenna is specified in dBd, add

2.14 dB to the value to convert it to dBi.

Calculating Propagation Loss

The propagation loss is the attenuation (reduction) in RF signal energy as it travels through space. In most wireless systems, losses through space are the major contributor to signal attenuation. When you know the intended installation locations of the base and remote stations, determine the physical line of sight distance and then calculate the RF attenuation as follows:

Formula: Attenuation (dB) for 2.4 GHz band = 100 dB + 20log(dkm)

where:

dkm = Distance in Kilometers 100 dB = Pathloss Constant in the 2.4 GHz band

Working with the Fresnel Zone

It is essential that you locate your antennas at maximum above-ground height to ensure that

1. all ground-based obstructions are cleared from the Line of Sight path

2. the Fresnel Zone is clear of obstructions

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Optimizing the RF Link

The Fresnel Zone is the expansion of the RF signal radio angles in the vertical plane near the middle of the RF path. Following diagram shows a Fresnel Zone:

Fresnel Zone

First Fresnel Zone

The maximum Fresnel Radius indicates that this path must be kept clear of obstructions.

Ground

Line of Sight

Fresnel Radius

For the 2.4 GHz band, the approximate Fresnel Radius calculated as follows:

2

d

km

Formula:

Fresnel Radius (meters) =

3.4 d

km

+



----------



8.12

Calculating Cable Loss

Cable and connector losses affect the operation of the wireless link and therfore should be kept to a minimum. The two primary coaxial cable specifications for the Hopper Plus 12024 are:

¥ cable must be 50 ohms nominal impedance ¥ cable must be of a low loss type

Generally, cable losses are specified in dB/foot or dB/meter. Following is an example of cable loss ratings:

Note: When you calculate path loss, you should add 1dB at each end of the link to compensate for connector losses in addition to the cable loss value.

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Cable Type (loss in dB/meter)

Frequency

2.4 GHz 0.22 0.144 0.190 0.128 0.073 0.053

LMR400 LMR600 LDF2-50 LDF4-50A LDF5-50A LDF6-50

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Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

Calculating Path Loss

Path loss describes the total RF attenuation throughout the system from Tx antenna to Rx antenna. This includes the losses as the RF signal travels through space plus Tx and Rx cable loss, and Tx and Rx connector loss. Use the following formula to calculate path loss:

Formula: Path Loss = Tx and Rx Cable Loss + Tx and Rx Connector Loss +

Once you know the path loss, you can compare the value to the system gain value. If the system gain value is greater than the path loss, the link is feasible. See Working with

System Gain on page 74 for more information about system gain.

Working with the Fade Margin

Total antenna gain is: Tx Antenna Gain + Rx Antenna Gain

The amount by which the system gain plus the total antenna gain exceeds the path loss is called the fade margin. As calculated, the fade margin is the number of dB that the received signal strength exceeds the minimum receiver sensitivity. You require some level of fade margin for any wireless system. The fade margin compensates for RF path fading due to weather conditions or objects that induce multipath interference.

The Wi-LAN recommended fade margin for the Hopper Plus 120-24 is a minimum of 15 dB. The sum of the cable losses, connector losses, propagation losses, and the 15 dB required fade margin should be less than the sum of the system gain and antenna gain.

Propagation Loss

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Link Budget Example

The values for cable and connector losses in this example are only for illustration. You will need to work these out for your speciﬁc installations.

Putting everything together, you must satisfy the following equations to have a successful link:

Formulas: System Gain + Antenna Gain ≥ Propagation Loss + Desired Fade

Variables: Desired Fade Margin = 15 dB

Link Budget Example

Margin + Cable Losses + Connector Losses

or

Actual Fade Margin ≥ System Gain + Antenna Gain - Propagation Loss - Cable Losses - Connector Losses

and

Actual Fade Margin ≥ Desired Fade Margin

where:

System Gain = Tx Power - Rx Sensitivity Antenna Gains = Tx Antenna Gain + Rx Antenna Gain Cable Losses = Base Cable Losses + Remote Cable Losses Connector Losses = Base System Connector Losses + Remote System Connector Losses

Tx Power = 18.5 dBm Rx Sensitivity = -83 dBm Tx Antenna Gain = 11 dBi Rx Antenna Gain = 9 dBi Propagation Loss for

desired range of 1km = 100 + 20 x log(1) = 100 dB

Tx Cable Losses

(2m LMR400) = 2 * 0.22 = 0.44 dB

Rx Cable Losses

(2m LMR 400) = 2 * 0.22 = 0.44 dB Tx Connector Losses = 1 dB Rx Connector Losses = 1 dB

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Variable Calculations:

Actual Fade Margin Calculation:

Analysis: We have achieved the goal of Actual Fade Margin ≥ 15 dB.

System Gain = 21 - (-79) = 100 dB Antenna Gains = 11 + 9 = 20 dBi Cable Losses = 0.44 + 0.44 = 0.88 dB Connector Losses = 1 + 1 = 2 dB

Actual Fade Margin = 100 + 20 - 100 - .88 - 2 = 17.12 dB

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Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

Antenna Basics

Antennas focus and absorb radio energy in specific directions, depending on their design. They can be tuned to certain frequency ranges; the Hopper Plus 120-24 antennas must be tuned to 2.4 - 2.5 GHz.

This section contains some basic information about antenna parameters and how to select and install antennas for use in your wireless system.

Antenna Parameters

Parameter Description

Gain • Antennas have a gain associated with them, which is a measure

dBd vs. dBi • Antenna gain must be measured over a known reference and is

of their ability to amplify signals in their tuned band.

• Antenna gain is achieved by focusing the signal. A higher gain antenna has more compressed signal.

often expressed as either dBd or dBi.

• dBd is antenna gain referenced over a half-wave dipole which is an antenna that has a donut shaped radiation pattern.

• dBi is antenna gain referenced over an isotropic radiator which is a theoretical antenna that radiates equally in all directions (e.g. the sun).

• Wi-LAN references antenna gain in dBi. The conversion factor is: 0 dBd = 2.14 dBi

Beamwidth • The beamwidth of an antenna describes how a signal spreads

out from the antenna, and the range of the reception area.

• Beamwidth is measured between the points on the beam pattern at which the power density is half of the maximum power. This is often referred to as the -3 dB points.

• A high gain antenna has a very narrow beamwidth and may be more difﬁcult to align.

Downtilt or uptilt • Some antennas have either an associated downtilt or an uptilt.

The tilt further focuses the signal downward or upward with respect to the horizon.

• A tilt may be either electrically built into the antenna or achieved mechanically with the mounting gear.

• A downtilt or uptilt may be required when there is a signiﬁcant deviation between the elevation of the remote site(s) and the base site.

F/B • Front-to-back ratio.

• Directional antennas focus the signal in a forward path. This is achieved by directing the signal in one direction that reduces the signal in the opposite direction.

• A higher gain antenna typically has a greater F/B ratio.

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Antenna Basics

Parameter Description

XPD • Polarity and Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD).

• Antennas have an associated polarity, which is the orientation of the radiating element with respect to earth.

• Antennas are usually described as vertical, horizontal, or circularly polarized. The polarity of all antennas used in a system must be the same.

• Cross-Polarization Discrimination speciﬁes the signal isolation achieved when the receiving element is perpendicular to the radiating element. This can be advantageous when co-locating radio systems.

VSWR • Voltage standing wave ratio.

• VSWR is the voltage ratio of minimum to maximum across a transmission line.

• A VSWR of 2.0:1 or less in an antenna is considered effective. Most antennas have a VSWR of 1.5:1.

• For example, when using a radio with a 4 watt output with an antenna VSWR of 1.5:1, the reﬂected power will be 160 milliwatts.

Implementation Considerations

Following are some key items to consider when selecting and installing antennas for your wireless network:

Item Description

Absorption • Antennas mounted too close to “soft” objects, such as trees,

may experience a reduction in signal strength due to absorption.

• Absorption is most often encountered in applications installed during the fall or winter months, and the problem does not become evident until the spring.

Diffraction • Diffraction occurs when a radio signal reﬂects or bounces off of

a solid object.

• The level of diffraction could lead to connectivity problems if the remaining signal level is too low.

• Two types of diffraction are shadowing and multipath.

Shadowing • Shadowing is a form of diffraction that is typically caused when

antennas are mounted too close to a structure and they lose a portion of the signal lobe due to reﬂection. The receive antenna is in a shadowed area.

• To minimize shadowing, ensure that there is adequate height above structures when mounting antenna equipment.

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Multipath Interference

• Multipath is a form of diffraction in which the reﬂected signal arrives at the receiver at different times which confuses the receiver.

• Multipath may be interpreted as interference by the receive antenna, and can result in bit errors and processing delays.

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Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

Selecting Antennas

There are several factors to consider when selecting the right antenna for a wireless application. Following are some initial questions you should ask before selecting an antenna:

¥ What is the operating frequency range? ¥ Will this be a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint application? Ensure that you

consider if the application will change in the future. ¥ What are the coverage requirements? ¥ How far is the remote site(s)? ¥ What is the gain requirement? ¥ What is the elevation of the remote site(s) with respect to the base station and will

additional downtilt/uptilt be necessary at either the base or remote site to compensate? ¥ Will there be any obstructions in the path? ¥ Will systems be co-located? What polarity will be used? ¥ What are the regional environmental conditions? For example, is there windloading,

salt air, excessive moisture, ice buildup? ¥ What is the antenna lifetime expectation? ¥ What are the site and mounting options? ¥ What are the restrictions in the locale regarding the effective radiated power permitted

from the antenna? ¥ Will antenna appearance be a factor?

Wi-LAN’s Antenna Selection

Following are some antenna selections for the Wi-LAN Hopper Plus 120-24 product:

Antenna Type Frequency Gain

Omni 2.4 GHz 6, 9, 12

Dish 2.4 GHz 18, 19, 21, 24, 27

Planar 2.4 GHz 11, 13, 16

Antenna Installation Factors

Following are some installation factors you should consider when installing antennas into your wireless system:

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Factor Description

Antenna Basics

Maximizing the Hopper Plus 12024’s Capabilities

Safety • Proper grounding of antenna apparatus in accordance with

EIRP • Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)

• Minimize obstructions in the radio path.

• Line Of Sight (LOS) is crucial for reliability.

• Ensure that equipment is installed correctly.

• Ensure proper grounding, testing, and alignment of antennas.

• Install in environmental conditions that are suitable for the Hopper Plus 120-24.

• Select proper antennas and cable for the application.

• Ensure sufﬁcient gain for the intended application.

respective Electrical Code(s) is crucial.

• Wi-LAN recommends using a surge arrestor where the antenna cable enters the building.

• All installations should be completed by a qualiﬁed and competent RF technician.

• EIRP is the amount of power that is transmitted to the air from the antenna.

• EIRP levels depend on the power of the radio transmitter, the size of the antenna, and the losses incurred in the antenna cable.

• To remain license-exempt the EIRP must remain under 4 watts or 36 dBm in Canada and the United States for point-to-multipoint applications. In Europe, this value is reduced to 100 mW or 20 dBm.

Note: EIRP = Power out of unit – Power lost in cable + Gain in power from Antenna

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Fade Margin See Calculating Fade Margins on page 72.

LOS • Line of Sight (LOS)

• LOS is a football shaped pattern known as the Fresnel Zone, which must be kept clear of obstructions. See Working with the Fresnel Zone on page 76 for more information.

• Visual line of sight must be achieved. When standing at the antenna position, you must be able to see the remote antenna.

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Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

Minimal Clearance Above Obstructions

For the Hopper Plus 120-24, the absolute minimum clearance above obstructions requirements are as follows (in meters):

¥ @ 2.4 GHz

3.4md

×

km

Following are some example clearance requirements:

Metric

2.4 GHz

Distance

(km)

0.5 2.4 0.5 10.0

1 3.4 1 14.3

2 4.9 2 20.5

3 6.0 3 25.7

5 8.0 5 34.9

8 10.6 8 48.3

10 12.3 10 57.6

15 16.6 15 83.8

Clearance

(m)

Imperial

Distance

(miles)

2.4 GHz

Clearance

(ft)

Note: There is also a correction factor added to compensate for curvature of the earth. This correction factor is not required when the correction value is negligible < 10 km. Wi-LAN s Link Analysis Spreadsheet takes this variable into account automatically.

Installing Antennas

If your antennas will be located on a support structure, or on top of a tower, you should have the antenna installed professionally.

Ensure the following:

¥ dipole antennas are oriented vertically (point up).

¥ antennas for the system have the same polarity (vertical, horizontal, or circular). ¥ connectors attaching the coaxial cable to the antenna are properly weatherproofed. ¥ a drip loop is formed at the building entrance, to prevent water flowing down the

coaxial cable and entering the installation building.

¥ the coaxial cable is secured to the supporting structure at one meter intervals. This

prevents wind damage and frost loading problems.

¥ the antenna is firmly attached to the mast to prevent it from falling, yet has some

flexibility so you can move the antenna to fine-tune its position.

¥ the coaxial cable is connected to the antenna and to the antenna port on both sides of

the link (base and remote stations).

¥ the antennas are grounded properly.

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Antenna Basics

Fine-tuning Antennas

You can fine-tune the antennas by physically moving the antenna. When the remote antenna is correctly aligned, the AIR LED is orange, indicating appropriate reception and acknowledgment of sync tokens from the base station. You can use the Receive and Transmit operating modes to test the link while adjusting the antennas to minimize BER and lost packets, and maximize received power. You can use the RSSI operating mode to maximize RSSI.

Once the antennas are adjusted to maximize performance, secure them properly to the support structures.

Co-locating Units

When Hopper Plus antennas are located on the same mast, you must take care to ensure the output power from one radio does not overpower another co-located bridge, even if the units are operating on different channels. Contact Wi-LAN technical support for antenna and installation assistance when co-locating units.

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85

Appendix A: Planning Your Wireless Link

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Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal

The Windows 95/98 operating system includes a terminal emulation program called HyperTerminal¤. You can use this program to access the Hopper Plus 120-24 configuration menus through the MANAGEMENT port on the front of the unit.

Starting HyperTerminal

To start HyperTerminal

1. In Windows 95 or 98, from the Start menu, select Programs, Accessories, Communications, HyperTerminal. The Connection Description window is

displayed:

2. Select an icon for the HyperTerminal session and type a connection name.

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Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal

3. Click OK. The Connect To window is displayed:

4. In the Connect using field, select the appropriate COM port.

5. Click OK. The COM Properties window is displayed:

88 Version 1.0 Rev B - 08/00

6. Enter the following settings:

Bits per second 9600

Data bits 8

Parity None

Stop bits 1

Flow control None

7. Click OK. The Hopper - HyperTerminal window is displayed:

Starting HyperTerminal

8. From the File menu, select Properties. The Hopper Properties window is displayed:

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89

Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal

9. Click the Settings tab and then click ASCII Setup. The ASCII Setup window is

displayed:

10. In the ASCII Sending area, choose the following settings:

Send line ends with line feeds Clear the checkbox.

Echo typed characters locally Clear the checkbox.

Line delay Type 0.

Character delay Type 0.

11. In the ASCII Receiving area, do the following:

Append line feeds to incoming line ends Click to select the checkbox.

Force incoming data to 7-bit ASCII Clear the checkbox.

Wrap lines that exceed terminal width Click to select the checkbox.

12. Click OK. The ASCII Setup window closes.

13. Click OK. The Hopper Properties window closes.

14. Use a cross-connect RS-232 serial cable to connect the communications port of the PC to the DB9 connector on the Hopper Plus 120-24.

15. Power up the Hopper Plus 120-24 unit.

16. Press

Enter. The Hopper Plus 120-24 Configuration menu is displayed in the

HyperTerminal window.

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Determining the Communications Port

To set the communications port in the HyperTerminal session, you need to know which communications port you are using on your computer. Most laptops are connected through COM 1, but PCs can use COM 1 through 3.

To determine the communications port

1. Right-click the My Computer icon on your desktop and from the shortcut menu,

select Properties. The System Properties window is displayed:

Determining the Communications Port

2. Click the Device Manager tab and click Ports (COM & LPT). A list of the

3. Select the appropriate port for your HyperTerminal session. Note: A connection to the Hopper Plus 120-24 Configuration menus will not be

established if the wrong port is selected. If this occurs, reconfigure the HyperTerminal to connect using another available communications port.

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available communications ports appears.

91

Appendix B: Using HyperTerminal

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Appendix C: Conﬁguring a Simple Data Network

A simple peer-to-peer network can be configured to perform file transfers between two computers. This section describes the following:

¥ Checking the Network Adaptor Installation ¥ Configuring the Network ¥ Enabling the Sharing Feature on the Hard Disk Drive

Checking the Network Adaptor Installation

To check the network adaptor installation

1. From the Start menu, select Settings, Control Panel. The Control Panel window

appears.

2. Double-click the System icon. The System Properties window appears.

3. Click the Device Manager tab.

4. Double-click Network Adapters. A list of installed devices appears.

5. Check for trouble indicators with the previously installed network adaptor(s).

6. Click OK. The Control Panel window appears.

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Wi Lan EB01 Users Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual