West Penn FI-5000 Specsheet
Fiber Optics
Cable Construction
Connectors
Splice
Assemblies
Testing
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Fiber Optics: Fiber Cables
Fiber Optics
Fiber Optic use started in the early 1970’s. Corning Glass Works developed a ber optic cable
with a loss of 20dB/km, today many ber optics have extremely low loss- .5dB/km for SingleMode.
During the 1980’s telephone companies began to deploy ber throughout their networks. By implementing a ber network, telecom companies could future proof their systems backbone.
Fiber Optics is used in many applications such as: Telecommunication, High bandwidth Data,
Video signaling, long distant CCTV, Communication between re alarm panels, and much more.
Fiber Optics- Advantages
• Maintaining signal integrity in high EMI/RFI applications
• Long distant installations
• Security Issues
• Future Proong
• Greater amount of information carrying capacity (bandwidth)
• Easy installation - light weight, simplied termination
Fiber Optics- Disadvantages
• Expensive overall installation cost
• Can not carry electrical power
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Fiber Optics: Fiber Cables
Optical Fibers
A glass optical Fiber is made of three components:
1. Core - Light Carrier of the optical ber. It is made
from a doped glass(Silica). The silica material of
the core allows the light signals to be carried
efficiently and effectively across the ber.
Sizes of the Core:
• 8µm (8.3 or 9µm) Single Mode
• 50µm - MulitMode
• 62.5µm - MultiMode
µm - microns - 1000microns =1mm
2. Cladding - Surrounds the Cladding, it is also made
from a different type of silica. The glass of the
cladding is made to contain the light within the
core.
Sizes of the Cladding:
• 125µm
3. Plastic Coating - Surrounds the Cladding and acts as a protector for the glass. The coating is
implemented to protect the glass while it is shipped to the Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturers.
The Coating is normally clear (color), but for all Outdoor cables the coating is color coded to
help identify the individual bers. The coating has to be removed to connect the ber to a
connector or splice.
Sizes of the Coating:
• 250µm
Single-Mode Fibers - 8/125µm
Single mode or path of light from
a laser source.
Long Haul installations.
Multi-Mode Fibers- 50/125µm or 62.5/125µm
Multiple modes or paths of light from the
LED source.
Shorter Installation
Both Single-Mode and MultiMode will handle Audio,Video, and Data simultaneously.
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Fiber Optic Dispersion:
Single-Mode Fiber Cables
The Single-Mode core is 10th the size of a human hair. This ber type uses a LASER to transmit
the signals. The ber is designed as a step index, meaning that the core has only one refractive
index to carry the light signal. There is some dispersion over long distances. Chromatic dispersion is caused by the intense LASER ltering into the cladding causing pulse overlap and distorted signals.
Multi-Mode Fiber Cables
The Multi-Mode core is larger and can gather more light. This ber uses an LED or VCSEL to transmit the light signals. A Multi-Mode core has a broader aperture over SingleMode bers. A MultiMode ber also has dispersions over longer distances. This dispersion is called Modal dispersion.
A Mulit-mode core is set up with multiple rings with different refractive index characteristics.
These rings allow the light to be traveled over longer distances without loss of continuity of light,
but these signals can become compromised if the distance is increased too much.
Refractive Index:
Air = 1 Meaning Light travels 186,000miles/second
Normal Glass = 1.5
Cladding = 1.46 Doped to contain the light
Core = 1.48 SingleMode - 1.47 to 1.48 different layers Mulit-Mode
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Operating Wavelengths:
There are Primarily three windows of opportunity to transmit light effectively and effectively
through an optical ber. These specic wavelenths are in the infared region.
Visible light starts with Blue - approx. 400nm to Red 700nm. nm=nanometers.
850nm - 3-4dB of loss/km. The least expensive transmitting device. Found on lower speed,
shorter distant applications such as CCTV, Fire Alarm communication devices. ( LED)
Used with Mulit-Mode bers
1300nm (1310nm) - 1-1.5dB of loss/km. The second window of opportunity. Used for higher
speed, longer distant Multi-mode applications. 1310nm is used for Single-Mode shorter distant
applications. LED or VCSEL.
1550nm - .5dB of loss/km. This is the second window of opportunity for SingleMode transmission. This wavelength is used for extremely long distant high bandwidth applications.
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Fiber Optic Cable Types
Indoor Fiber Optic Cables
Indoor ber optic cables are designed to
either limit smoke vertically (Riser), or
limit smoke and ame vertically and
horizontally (Plenum). The cables are
constructed with 900µm buffer over the 250µm
coating to help facilitate a connector
Indoor/Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables
Indoor/Outdoor ber optic cables are designed together limit smoke vertically (Riser), or limit smoke
and ame vertically and
horizontally (Plenum). The cables are
constructed with 900µm buffer to
help facilitate a connector. They also provide
water-blocking material.
Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables
Outdoor ber cables are designed to withstand the
environmental elements. They are constructed
with 250µm buffers that ride loosely within a tube
that is lled with waterblocking gel. The Jacket is PE. A PE jacket can not
be brought indoors because of the ame and
smoke it produces when ame is set to it. A outdoor cable has a limit of 50ft. entering a building to
be terminated or spliced to a Indoor rated cable.
Direct Burial Outdoor cables include a armored
sheath for direct burial protection. A connector can
not be placed directly on an outdoor ber because
of the 250µm buffer. A fan-out kit, or splice with a
pre-connected pigtail must be used.
Fan out Kits:
FI-1100 - 6 Fiber Kit
FI-1100
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