Western Digital WUH721818ALE6L1, WUH721818ALE6L4, WUH721816ALE6L1, WUH721816ALE6L4 User Manual
1
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Hard disk drive specifications
Ultrastar® DC HC550
3.5 inch Serial ATA hard disk drive
Model:
WUH721818ALE6L1
WUH721818ALE6L4
WUH721816ALE6L1
WUH721816ALE6L4
Revision 1.3 21 January 2021
2
Hard Disk Drive Specification
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table of contents
1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Glossary ........................................................................................................................................... 18
General caution ............................................................................................................................... 18
References ........................................................................................................................................ 18
2 General features .................................................................................................................................................. 19
Part 1. Functional specification ....................................................................................................................... 20
3 Fixed disk subsystem description........................................................................................................................ 21
Control Electronics ......................................................................................................................... 21
Head disk assembly ........................................................................................................................ 21
Actuator ........................................................................................................................................... 21
4 Drive characteristics ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Default logical drive parameters ................................................................................................... 22
Data sheet ........................................................................................................................................ 23
World Wide Name Assignment ...................................................................................................... 23
Drive organization .......................................................................................................................... 23
4.4.1 Drive Format ............................................................................................................................ 23
4.4.2 Cylinder allocation ................................................................................................................... 23
Performance characteristics ........................................................................................................... 24
4.5.1 Mechanical positioning ............................................................................................................ 24
4.5.2 Drive ready time ...................................................................................................................... 24
4.5.3 Operating modes ...................................................................................................................... 25
5 Defect flagging strategy ....................................................................................................................................... 26
5.1 Shipped format ................................................................................................................................ 26
6 Specification ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
6.1 Electrical interface .......................................................................................................................... 27
6.1.1 Connector location ................................................................................................................... 27
6.1.2 Signal definition ....................................................................................................................... 28
6.1.3 Out of band signaling .............................................................................................................. 29
6.2 Environment .................................................................................................................................... 30
6.2.1 Temperature and humidity ..................................................................................................... 30
6.2.2 Storage Requirements ............................................................................................................. 31
6.2.3 Corrosion test ........................................................................................................................... 31
6.2.4 Atmospheric condition ............................................................................................................. 31
6.3 DC power requirements .................................................................................................................. 32
6.3.1 Input voltage ............................................................................................................................ 32
6.3.2 Power supply current .............................................................................................................. 33
6.3.3 Power line noise limits ............................................................................................................ 34
6.3.4 Power Consumption Efficiency ............................................................................................... 34
6.4 Reliability ........................................................................................................................................ 35
6.4.1 Mean time between failures / Annualized failure rate ......................................................... 35
6.4.2 Data integrity ........................................................................................................................... 35
6.4.3 Cable noise interference .......................................................................................................... 35
6.4.4 Load/Unload ............................................................................................................................. 35
6.4.5 Start/stop cycles ....................................................................................................................... 35
6.4.6 Preventive maintenance .......................................................................................................... 35
6.4.7 Data reliability ......................................................................................................................... 35
6.4.8 Required Power-Off Sequence ................................................................................................ 35
6.5 Mechanical specifications ............................................................................................................... 36
6.5.1 Physical dimensions ................................................................................................................ 36
6.5.2 Connector locations ................................................................................................................. 38
6.5.3 Drive mounting ........................................................................................................................ 38
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.5.4 Heads unload and actuator lock ............................................................................................. 38
6.6 Vibration and shock ........................................................................................................................ 39
6.6.1 Operating vibration ................................................................................................................. 39
6.6.2 Nonoperating vibration ........................................................................................................... 40
6.6.3 Operating shock ....................................................................................................................... 40
6.6.4 Nonoperating shock ................................................................................................................. 40
6.6.5 Nonoperating Rotational shock .............................................................................................. 41
6.7 Acoustics .......................................................................................................................................... 42
6.8 Identification labels ........................................................................................................................ 42
6.9 Safety ............................................................................................................................................... 43
6.9.1 UL and CSA standard conformity .......................................................................................... 43
6.9.2 EU Safety standard conformity .............................................................................................. 43
6.9.3 Flammability ............................................................................................................................ 43
6.9.4 Safe handling ........................................................................................................................... 43
6.9.5 Substance restriction requirements ....................................................................................... 43
6.9.6 Secondary circuit protection ................................................................................................... 43
6.10 Electromagnetic compatibility ....................................................................................................... 44
6.10.1 CE Mark ................................................................................................................................... 44
6.10.2 RCM Mark ................................................................................................................................ 44
6.10.3 BSMI Mark............................................................................................................................... 44
6.10.4 KC Mark ................................................................................................................................... 44
6.11 Third Party Open Source Licenses ................................................................................................ 45
6.11.1 bzip2 .......................................................................................................................................... 45
6.11.2 PCRE ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Part 2. Interface specification .......................................................................................................................... 47
7 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 48
7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 48
7.2 Terminology ..................................................................................................................................... 48
7.3 Deviations From Standard ............................................................................................................. 48
8 Registers ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
8.1 Alternate Status Register ............................................................................................................... 49
8.2 Command register........................................................................................................................... 49
8.3 Cylinder High Register ................................................................................................................... 49
8.4 Cylinder Low Register .................................................................................................................... 50
8.5 Device Control Register .................................................................................................................. 50
8.6 Device/Head Register ...................................................................................................................... 51
8.7 Error Register.................................................................................................................................. 51
8.8 Features Register ............................................................................................................................ 52
8.9 Sector Count Register ..................................................................................................................... 52
8.10 Sector Number Register ................................................................................................................. 52
8.11 Status Register ................................................................................................................................ 53
9 Normal and Error Output field descriptions ......................................................................................................... 54
9.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 54
9.2 Status field ...................................................................................................................................... 54
9.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 54
9.2.2 ALIGNMENT ERROR bit ....................................................................................................... 55
9.2.3 BUSY bit ................................................................................................................................... 55
9.2.4 STREAM ERROR bit ............................................................................................................... 55
9.2.5 DATA REQUEST bit ............................................................................................................... 55
9.2.6 DEVICE FAULT bit ................................................................................................................ 55
9.2.7 DEVICE READY bit ................................................................................................................ 56
9.2.8 ERROR bit ................................................................................................................................ 56
9.2.9 SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit.............................................................................................. 56
9.2.10 Transport Dependent bits and fields ...................................................................................... 56
9.3 ERROR field .................................................................................................................................... 57
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 57
9.3.2 ABORT bit ................................................................................................................................ 57
9.3.3 COMMAND COMPLETION TIME OUT bit ......................................................................... 57
9.3.4 ID NOT FOUND bit ................................................................................................................ 58
9.3.5 ILLEGAL LENGTH INDICATOR bit .................................................................................... 58
9.3.6 INTERFACE CRC bit .............................................................................................................. 58
9.3.7 UNCORRECTABLE ERROR bit ............................................................................................ 58
9.4 COUNT field .................................................................................................................................... 59
9.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 59
9.4.2 NCQ Tag ................................................................................................................................... 59
9.5 SACTIVE field ................................................................................................................................. 59
9.6 SATA STATUS field ....................................................................................................................... 59
9.7 LBA field .......................................................................................................................................... 59
9.7.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 59
9.7.2 LBA of First Unrecoverable Error .......................................................................................... 59
9.8 Sense Code Definition ..................................................................................................................... 59
9.8.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 59
9.9 Device Signatures for Normal Output........................................................................................... 60
9.9.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 60
10 General Operation Descriptions .......................................................................................................................... 61
10.1 Reset Response ................................................................................................................................ 61
10.1.1 Register Initialization ............................................................................................................. 62
10.2 Diagnostic and Reset considerations ............................................................................................. 62
10.3 Sector Addressing Mode ................................................................................................................. 63
10.3.1 Logical CHS Addressing Mode ............................................................................................... 63
10.3.2 LBA Addressing Mode ............................................................................................................. 63
10.4 Power Management Feature .......................................................................................................... 64
10.4.1 Power Mode .............................................................................................................................. 64
10.4.2 Power Management Commands ............................................................................................. 65
10.4.3 Standby timer .......................................................................................................................... 65
10.4.4 Interface Capability for Power Modes .................................................................................... 65
10.5 SMART Function ............................................................................................................................ 66
10.5.1 Attributes ................................................................................................................................. 66
10.5.2 Attribute values ....................................................................................................................... 66
10.5.3 Attribute thresholds ................................................................................................................ 66
10.5.4 Threshold exceeded condition ................................................................................................. 66
10.5.5 SMART commands .................................................................................................................. 66
10.5.6 Off-line Read Scanning ........................................................................................................... 66
10.5.7 Error Log .................................................................................................................................. 66
10.5.8 Self-test ..................................................................................................................................... 67
10.6 Security Mode Feature Set ............................................................................................................. 68
10.6.1 Security mode ........................................................................................................................... 68
10.6.2 Security Level .......................................................................................................................... 68
10.6.3 Password .................................................................................................................................. 68
10.6.4 Operation example................................................................................................................... 69
10.6.5 Command Table ....................................................................................................................... 72
10.7 Host Protected Area Feature ......................................................................................................... 75
10.7.1 Example for operation (In LBA mode) ................................................................................... 75
10.7.2 Security extensions .................................................................................................................. 76
10.8 Write Cache Function ..................................................................................................................... 77
10.9 Reassign Function ........................................................................................................................... 77
10.9.1 Auto Reassign Function .......................................................................................................... 77
10.10 Power-up in Standby feature set ................................................................................................... 78
10.11 Advanced Power Management feature set (APM) ........................................................................ 78
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.12 48-bit Address Feature Set ............................................................................................................ 78
10.13 Streaming feature Set .................................................................................................................... 79
10.13.1 Streaming commands .............................................................................................................. 79
10.14 SATA BIST (Built-in Self Test) ...................................................................................................... 80
10.15 SATA Interface Power Management ............................................................................................. 80
10.16 Software Setting Preservation ....................................................................................................... 81
10.16.1 COMRESET Preservation Requirements .............................................................................. 81
10.17 Serial ATA Revision 3.0 Optional Features .................................................................................. 82
10.17.1 Asynchronous Signal Recovery ............................................................................................... 82
10.17.2 Device Power Connector Pin 11 Definition ............................................................................ 82
10.17.3 Phy Event Counters ................................................................................................................ 82
10.17.4 NCQ NON-DATA (63h) ........................................................................................................... 86
10.17.5 Rebuild Assist .......................................................................................................................... 89
10.18 SCT Command Transport feature Set ........................................................................................... 92
10.18.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 92
10.18.2 SCT Command Protocol .......................................................................................................... 94
10.18.3 SCT Command Set ................................................................................................................ 102
10.19 Extended Power Conditions (EPC) feature ................................................................................. 109
10.19.1 Power conditions .................................................................................................................... 109
10.19.2 Power condition timers .......................................................................................................... 110
10.19.3 Interaction with resets, commands and other features ...................................................... 110
10.20 Sanitize Device feature set ........................................................................................................... 111
10.20.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 111
10.20.2 Sanitize Device Feature ........................................................................................................ 113
10.20.3 Sanitize Device state machine .............................................................................................. 113
10.21 Trusted Computing Group feature set ........................................................................................ 116
10.21.1 Referenced Specifications and Standards ............................................................................ 116
10.21.2 Implementation Exceptions .................................................................................................. 117
10.21.3 Implementation Features and Details Outside of TCG Specifications ............................. 117
10.21.4 Encryption Algorithms .......................................................................................................... 118
10.21.5 TCG Enterprise SSC Tables ................................................................................................. 119
10.21.6 Firmware Download and Signing ......................................................................................... 122
10.21.7 Ports ........................................................................................................................................ 122
10.21.8 MSID ....................................................................................................................................... 125
10.21.9 Logging ................................................................................................................................... 125
10.21.10 Number of Sessions ............................................................................................................... 125
10.21.11 Number of Bands ................................................................................................................... 125
10.21.12 Number of COMIDs ............................................................................................................... 125
10.21.13 PSID ........................................................................................................................................ 125
10.21.14 Locked and Unlocked Behavior ............................................................................................ 126
10.21.15 Error Codes ............................................................................................................................ 131
10.21.16 Life Cycle model ..................................................................................................................... 131
10.21.17 Customer Specific Requirements ......................................................................................... 131
10.21.18 Switching between TCG Enterprise and ISE model ........................................................... 132
10.21.19 Block SID Authentication ..................................................................................................... 132
11 Command Protocol ............................................................................................................................................ 133
11.1 PIO Data In commands ................................................................................................................ 133
11.2 PIO Data Out commands ............................................................................................................. 134
11.3 Non-Data commands .................................................................................................................... 135
11.4 DMA Data In commands and DMA Data Out commands ......................................................... 136
11.5 First-party DMA commands ........................................................................................................ 136
12 Command Descriptions ..................................................................................................................................... 137
12.1 Check Power Mode (E5h/98h) ...................................................................................................... 142
12.2 Configure Stream (51h) ................................................................................................................ 144
12.3 Device Configuration Overlay (B1h) ........................................................................................... 145
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
12.3.1 Device Configuration Restore (Subcommand C0h) ............................................................. 146
12.3.2 Device Configuration Freeze Lock (Subcommand C1h) ..................................................... 146
12.3.3 Device Configuration Identify (Subcommand C2h) ............................................................ 146
12.3.4 Device Configuration Set (Subcommand C3h) .................................................................... 146
12.4 Download Microcode (92h) ........................................................................................................... 149
12.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 150
12.4.2 Sector Number / Sector Count .............................................................................................. 150
12.4.3 Download with offsets and save microcode .......................................................................... 150
12.4.4 Download with offsets and save microcode for future use .................................................. 150
12.4.5 Activate downloaded microcode ............................................................................................ 150
12.4.6 Error Outputs ........................................................................................................................ 150
12.5 Download Microcode DMA (93h) ................................................................................................. 151
12.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 152
12.5.2 Sector Count / Sector Number .............................................................................................. 152
12.5.3 Download with offsets and save microcode .......................................................................... 152
12.5.4 Download with offsets and save microcode for future use .................................................. 152
12.5.5 Activate downloaded microcode ............................................................................................ 152
12.5.6 Error Outputs ........................................................................................................................ 152
12.6 Execute Device Diagnostic (90h) .................................................................................................. 153
12.7 Flush Cache (E7h) ......................................................................................................................... 154
12.8 Flush Cache Ext (EAh) ................................................................................................................. 156
12.9 Format Unit (F7h) ........................................................................................................................ 158
12.10 GET PHYSICAL ELEMENT STATUS – (12h, DMA) ................................................................ 160
12.10.1 Feature Set ............................................................................................................................. 160
12.10.2 Description ............................................................................................................................. 160
12.10.3 Inputs...................................................................................................................................... 160
12.10.4 Normal Outputs ..................................................................................................................... 162
12.10.5 Error Outputs ........................................................................................................................ 162
12.10.6 Input from the Device to the Host Data Structure ............................................................. 163
12.11 Identify Device (ECh) ................................................................................................................... 165
12.12 Idle (E3h/97h) ................................................................................................................................ 176
12.13 Idle Immediate (E1h/95h) ............................................................................................................ 178
12.14 Initialize Device Parameters (91h) .............................................................................................. 179
12.15 NCQ NON-DATA (63h) ................................................................................................................ 180
12.15.1 Abort NCQ Queue Subcommand (0h) .................................................................................. 181
12.15.2 Deadline handling Subcommand (1h) .................................................................................. 183
12.15.3 Set Features Subcommand (5h)............................................................................................ 185
12.16 Read Buffer (E4h) ......................................................................................................................... 187
12.17 Read Buffer DMA (E9h) ............................................................................................................... 188
12.18 Read DMA(C8h/C9h) .................................................................................................................... 189
12.19 Read DMA Ext (25h) ..................................................................................................................... 191
12.20 Read FPDMA Queued (60h) ......................................................................................................... 193
12.21 Read Log Ext (2Fh) ....................................................................................................................... 196
12.21.1 General Purpose Log Directory ............................................................................................ 198
12.21.2 Extended Comprehensive SMART Error log ....................................................................... 199
12.21.3 Device Statistics log ............................................................................................................... 202
12.21.4 Extended Self-test log sector ................................................................................................. 208
12.21.5 Power Conditions log ............................................................................................................. 209
12.21.6 Pending Defects Log .............................................................................................................. 212
12.21.7 NCQ Command Error (log page 10h) ................................................................................... 214
12.21.8 SATA NCQ Send and Receive log ......................................................................................... 215
12.21.9 Read Stream Error log .......................................................................................................... 216
12.21.10 Write Stream Error log ......................................................................................................... 217
12.21.11 Current Device Internal Status Data log............................................................................. 218
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
12.21.12 Saved Device Internal Status Data log ................................................................................ 219
12.21.13 Sector Configuration log ........................................................................................................ 220
12.22 Read Log DMA Ext(47h) .............................................................................................................. 231
12.23 Read Multiple (C4h) ...................................................................................................................... 232
12.24 Read Multiple Ext (29h) ............................................................................................................... 233
12.25 Read Native Max Address (F8h) .................................................................................................. 234
12.26 Read Native Max Address Ext (27h) ........................................................................................... 235
12.27 Read Sector(s) (20h/21h) ............................................................................................................... 236
12.28 Read Sector(s) Ext (24h) ............................................................................................................... 237
12.29 Read Stream DMA Ext(2Ah) ........................................................................................................ 238
12.30 Read Stream Ext (2Bh) ................................................................................................................. 241
12.31 Read Verify Sector(s) (40h/41h) ................................................................................................... 244
12.32 Read Verify Sector(s) Ext (42h) ................................................................................................... 245
12.33 Recalibrate (1xh) ........................................................................................................................... 246
12.34 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED (65h) ............................................................................................ 247
12.34.1 READ LOG DMA EXT (1h)................................................................................................... 248
12.35 REMOVE ELEMENT AND TRUNCATE - (7Ch, Non-Data) .................................................... 250
12.35.1 Feature Set ............................................................................................................................. 250
12.35.2 Description ............................................................................................................................. 250
12.35.3 Inputs...................................................................................................................................... 250
12.35.4 Inputs Overview .................................................................................................................... 250
12.36 Request Sense Data Ext (0Bh) ..................................................................................................... 252
12.37 Sanitize Device Feature Set (B4h) ............................................................................................... 254
12.37.1 Crypto Scramble Ext Command (feature: 0011h) (data encryption model only) .............. 254
12.37.2 Overwrite Ext Command (feature: 0014h) .......................................................................... 257
12.37.3 Sanitize Freeze Lock Ext Command (feature: 0020h) ........................................................ 258
12.37.4 Sanitize Status Ext Command (feature: 0000h) ................................................................. 259
12.38 Security Disable Password (F6h) ................................................................................................. 260
12.39 Security Erase Prepare (F3h) ...................................................................................................... 261
12.40 Security Erase Unit (F4h) ............................................................................................................ 262
12.41 Security Freeze Lock (F5h) .......................................................................................................... 263
12.42 Security Set Password (F1h) ........................................................................................................ 264
12.43 Security Unlock (F2h) ................................................................................................................... 266
12.44 Seek (7xh) ...................................................................................................................................... 267
12.45 SEND FPDMA QUEUED (64h) ................................................................................................... 268
12.46 Sense Condition (F0h : Vendor specific) ...................................................................................... 269
12.47 Set Features (EFh) ........................................................................................................................ 270
12.47.1 Set Transfer Mode ................................................................................................................. 271
12.47.2 Write Cache ............................................................................................................................ 271
12.47.3 Serial ATA Feature ............................................................................................................... 271
12.47.4 Advanced Power Management ............................................................................................. 272
12.47.5 Set Maximum Host Interface Sector Time .......................................................................... 272
12.47.6 Enable/Disable the Sense Data Reporting feature set ....................................................... 272
12.47.7 Extended Power Conditions (EPC) feature ......................................................................... 273
12.48 Set Max Address (F9h) ................................................................................................................. 281
12.48.1 Set Max Set Password (Feature = 01h) ................................................................................ 283
12.48.2 Set Max Lock (Feature = 02h) .............................................................................................. 284
12.48.3 Set Max Unlock (Feature = 03h) .......................................................................................... 285
12.48.4 Set Max Freeze Lock (Feature = 04h) .................................................................................. 286
12.49 Set Max Address Ext (37h) ........................................................................................................... 287
12.50 Set Multiple Mode (C6h) .............................................................................................................. 289
12.51 Set Sector Configuration Ext (B2h) ............................................................................................. 290
12.52 Sleep (E6h/99h) ............................................................................................................................. 291
12.53 SMART Function Set (B0h) ......................................................................................................... 292
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
12.53.1 SMART Subcommand ........................................................................................................... 292
12.53.2 Device Attributes Data Structure ........................................................................................ 302
12.53.3 Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure ...................................................................... 307
12.54 Standby (E2h/96h) ........................................................................................................................ 313
12.55 Standby Immediate (E0h/94h) ..................................................................................................... 314
12.56 Trusted Receive (5Ch) .................................................................................................................. 315
12.57 Trusted Receive DMA (5Dh) ........................................................................................................ 316
12.58 Trusted Send (5Eh) ....................................................................................................................... 317
12.59 Trusted Send DMA (5Fh) ............................................................................................................. 318
12.60 Write Buffer (E8h) ........................................................................................................................ 319
12.61 Write Buffer DMA (EBh) .............................................................................................................. 320
12.62 Write DMA (CAh/CBh) ................................................................................................................. 321
12.63 Write DMA FUA Ext (3Dh) .......................................................................................................... 322
12.64 Write DMA Ext (35h) .................................................................................................................... 324
12.65 Write FPDMA Queued (61h) ........................................................................................................ 325
12.66 Write Log Ext (3Fh) ...................................................................................................................... 327
12.67 Write Log DMA Ext (57h) ............................................................................................................ 329
12.68 Write Multiple (C5h) ..................................................................................................................... 330
12.69 Write Multiple Ext (39h) .............................................................................................................. 331
12.70 Write Multiple FUA Ext (CEh) .................................................................................................... 332
12.71 Write Sector(s) (30h/31h) .............................................................................................................. 333
12.72 Write Sector(s) Ext (34h) .............................................................................................................. 334
12.73 Write Stream DMA Ext (3Ah) ...................................................................................................... 335
12.74 Write Stream Ext (3Bh) ................................................................................................................ 338
12.75 Write Uncorrectable Ext (45h) ..................................................................................................... 341
13 Appendix. Sense key and Additional Sense code list ....................................................................................... 342
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
List of tables
Table 1 Type and Model# ........................................................................................................................ 17
Table 2 Formatted capacity .................................................................................................................... 22
Table 3 Data sheet ................................................................................................................................... 23
Table 4 World Wide Name Assignment ................................................................................................. 23
Table 5 Latency Time .............................................................................................................................. 24
Table 6 Drive ready time ........................................................................................................................ 24
Table 7 Mode transition times ................................................................................................................ 25
Table 8 Interface connector pins and I/O signals .................................................................................. 28
Table 9 Parameter descriptions .............................................................................................................. 29
Table 10 Temperature and humidity ..................................................................................................... 30
Table 11 Input voltage............................................................................................................................. 32
Table 12 SATA power consumption ........................................................................................................ 33
Table 13 Allowable power supply noise limits at drive power connector ............................................ 34
Table 14 Power consumption efficiency ................................................................................................. 34
Table 15 Physical Dimensions ................................................................................................................ 37
Table 16 Random vibration PSD profile break points (operating) ...................................................... 39
Table 17 Random vibration (Rotational) PSD profile break points ..................................................... 39
Table 18 Random vibration PSD profile break points (nonoperating) ................................................ 40
Table 19 Sinusoidal shock wave ............................................................................................................. 41
Table 20 Rotational Shock ...................................................................................................................... 41
Table 21 Sound power levels .................................................................................................................. 42
Table 22 Alternate Status Register ........................................................................................................ 49
Table 23 Device Control Register ........................................................................................................... 50
Table 24 Device/Head Register ............................................................................................................... 51
Table 25 Error Register........................................................................................................................... 51
Table 26 Status Register ......................................................................................................................... 53
Table 27 STATUS field ............................................................................................................................ 54
Table 28 ERROR field ............................................................................................................................. 57
Table 29 Device Signatures for Normal Output .................................................................................... 60
Table 30 Device signatures for COUNT and LBA field ........................................................................ 60
Table 31 Reset Response ......................................................................................................................... 61
Table 32 Default Register Values ........................................................................................................... 62
Table 33 Diagnostic Codes ...................................................................................................................... 62
Table 34 Power conditions ...................................................................................................................... 65
Table 35 Command table for device lock operation -1 .......................................................................... 72
Table 36 Command table for device lock operation -2 .......................................................................... 73
Table 37 Command table for device lock operation -3 .......................................................................... 74
Table 38 Phy Event Counter Identifiers ................................................................................................ 83
Table 39 READ LOG EXT Log Page 11h data structure definition .................................................... 85
Table 40 NCQ NON-DATA – Command definition ............................................................................... 86
Table 41 Subcommand Field .................................................................................................................. 86
Table 42 NCQ NON-DATA Log (12h) data structure definition .......................................................... 88
Table 43 Rebuild Assist log (15h) data structure definition ................................................................. 90
Table 44 SCT Log Page and direction .................................................................................................... 92
Table 45 Identify Device Information Word 206 ................................................................................... 92
Table 46 Output Registers of SCT Command Using SMART .............................................................. 94
Table 47 Input Registers of SCT Command Using SMART ................................................................ 94
Table 48 Input Registers of SCT Command Using Write Log Ext ...................................................... 95
Table 49 Output Registers of SCT Command Using Write Log Ext.................................................... 95
Table 50 Key Sector Format ................................................................................................................... 96
Table 51 SCT Action Code List ............................................................................................................... 96
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 52 Extended Status Code ............................................................................................................. 97
Table 53 Input Registers of SCT Data Transfer Using SMART .......................................................... 98
Table 54 Input Registers of SCT Data Transfer using Read/Write Log Ext ....................................... 98
Table 55 Input Registers of SCT Status Request Using SMART ........................................................ 99
Table 56 Input Registers of SCT Status Request Using Read Log Ext ............................................... 99
Table 57 Data Format of SCT Status Response -1 ............................................................................. 100
Table 58 Data Format of SCT Status Response -2 ............................................................................. 101
Table 59 SMART STATUS field ........................................................................................................... 101
Table 60 SCT Write Same (Inputs) ...................................................................................................... 102
Table 61 SCT Write Same (Outputs) ................................................................................................... 102
Table 62 Error Recovery Control command (Inputs) .......................................................................... 104
Table 63 Error Recovery Control command (Outputs) ....................................................................... 104
Table 64 Feature Control command (Inputs) ...................................................................................... 105
Table 65 Feature Control command (Outputs) ................................................................................... 105
Table 66 Feature Code List................................................................................................................... 106
Table 67 SCT Data Table command (Inputs) ...................................................................................... 107
Table 68 SCT Data Table command (Outputs) ................................................................................... 107
Table 69 Table ID .................................................................................................................................. 107
Table 70 Data Format of HDA Absolute Temperature History Table -1 ........................................... 108
Table 71 Data Format of HDA Absolute Temperature History Table -2 ........................................... 108
Table 72 Extended Power Conditions Subcommands ......................................................................... 109
Table 73 Power Condition IDs .............................................................................................................. 109
Table 74 Vendor Specific Data for Level 0 Discovery .......................................................................... 118
Table 75 Western Digital Default Values for ‘Admin SP’ C_PIN & ‘Locking SP’ C_PIN ....................... 119
Table 76 Western Digital Implementation of K_AES_256 Table ....................................................... 120
Table 77 Western Digital Implementation of ‘Locking SP’ Access Control Table ............................. 120
Table 78 Western Digital Implementation of ‘Locking Info’ Table .................................................... 121
Table 79 Western Digital Implementation of ‘Locking SP’ Locking Table ........................................ 121
Table 80 Ports Functionality ................................................................................................................ 122
Table 81 Ports Table .............................................................................................................................. 122
Table 82 Modified ‘Admin SP’ ACE Table ............................................................................................ 123
Table 83 Modified ‘Admin SP’ Access Control Table (part 1 of 2) ...................................................... 123
Table 84 Modified ‘Admin SP’ Access Control Table (part 2 of 2) ...................................................... 124
Table 85 Command table for TCG Enterprise device lock operation -1 ............................................ 126
Table 86 Command table for TCG Enterprise device lock operation -2 ............................................ 127
Table 87 Command table for TCG Enterprise device lock operation -3 ............................................ 128
Table 88 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -1 ..................................................................... 129
Table 89 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -2 ..................................................................... 129
Table 90 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -3 ..................................................................... 129
Table 91 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -4 ..................................................................... 130
Table 92 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -5 ..................................................................... 130
Table 93 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -6 ..................................................................... 130
Table 94 Command Set ......................................................................................................................... 137
Table 95 Command Set –Continued– .................................................................................................. 138
Table 96 Command Set –Continued– .................................................................................................. 139
Table 97 Command Set (Subcommand) ............................................................................................... 140
Table 98 Check Power Mode Command (E5h/98h) ............................................................................. 142
Table 99 Configure Stream Command (51h) ....................................................................................... 144
Table 100 Device Configuration Overlay Command (B1h) ................................................................ 145
Table 101 Device Configuration Overlay Features register values ................................................... 145
Table 102 Device Configuration Overlay Data structure ................................................................... 147
Table 103 DCO error information definition ....................................................................................... 148
Table 104 Download Microcode Command (92h) ................................................................................ 149
Table 105 Download Microcode DMA Command (93h) ...................................................................... 151
12
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 106 Execute Device Diagnostic Command (90h) ...................................................................... 153
Table 107 Flush Cache Command (E7h) ............................................................................................. 154
Table 108 Flush Cache Ext Command (EAh) ...................................................................................... 156
Table 109 Format Unit Command (F7h) ............................................................................................. 158
Table 110 GET PHYSICAL ELEMENT STATUS command inputs .................................................. 160
Table 111 FILTER field ......................................................................................................................... 160
Table 112 REPORT TYPE field ............................................................................................................ 161
Table 113 Generic Normal Output (No LBA Return Value) for Normal Output .............................. 162
Table 114 GET PHYSICAL ELEMENT STATUS input from device to host .................................... 163
Table 115 Physical element status descriptor ..................................................................................... 163
Table 116 PHYSICAL ELEMENT TYPE field .................................................................................... 164
Table 117 PHYSICAL ELEMENT HEALTH field .............................................................................. 164
Table 118 Identify Device Command (ECh) ........................................................................................ 165
Table 119 Identify device information ................................................................................................. 166
Table 120 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 167
Table 121 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 168
Table 122 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 169
Table 123 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 170
Table 124 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 171
Table 125 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 172
Table 126 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 173
Table 127 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 174
Table 128 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 175
Table 129 Idle Command (E3h/97h) .................................................................................................... 176
Table 130 Idle Immediate Command (E1h/95h) ................................................................................. 178
Table 131 Initialize Device Parameters Command (91h) ................................................................... 179
Table 132 NCQ NON-DATA command (63h)....................................................................................... 180
Table 133 Abort NCQ Queue Subcommand (0h) ................................................................................ 181
Table 134 Abort Type Field .................................................................................................................. 182
Table 135 Deadline handling Subcommand (1h) ................................................................................ 183
Table 136 SET FEATURES Subcommand (5h) .................................................................................. 185
Table 137 Read Buffer Command (E4h) .............................................................................................. 187
Table 138 Read Buffer DMA Command (E9h) .................................................................................... 188
Table 139 Read DMA Command (C8h/C9h) ........................................................................................ 189
Table 140 Read DMA Ext Command (25h) ......................................................................................... 191
Table 141 Read FPDMA Queued Command (60h) ............................................................................. 193
Table 142 Read Log Ext Command (2Fh) ............................................................................................ 196
Table 143 Log Address Definition ........................................................................................................ 197
Table 144 General Purpose Log Directory ........................................................................................... 198
Table 145 Extended Comprehensive SMART Error Log .................................................................... 199
Table 146 Extended Error log data structure ..................................................................................... 200
Table 147 Command data structure .................................................................................................... 200
Table 148 Error data structure ............................................................................................................ 201
Table 149 Defined Device Statistics log pages .................................................................................... 202
Table 150 List of supported Device Statistics log pages ..................................................................... 202
Table 151 General Statistics................................................................................................................. 203
Table 152 Rotating Media Statistics .................................................................................................... 204
Table 153 General Error Statistics ...................................................................................................... 205
Table 154 Temperature Statistics (part 1 of 2) ................................................................................... 205
Table 155 Temperature Statistics (part 2 of 2) ................................................................................... 206
Table 156 Transport Statistics ............................................................................................................. 207
Table 157 Extended Self-test log data structure ................................................................................. 208
Table 158 Extended Self-test log descriptor entry .............................................................................. 209
Table 159 Idle power conditions ........................................................................................................... 209
13
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 160 Standby power conditions (log page 01h) ........................................................................... 209
Table 161 Power Conditions log descriptor ......................................................................................... 210
Table 162 Pending Defects log (page 0) ............................................................................................... 212
Table 163 Pending Defects log (page 1..n) ........................................................................................... 212
Table 164 Pending Defects descriptor format ..................................................................................... 213
Table 165 Command Error log (part 1 of 2) ......................................................................................... 214
Table 166 SATA NCQ Send and Receive log (log page 00h) ............................................................... 215
Table 167 Read Stream Error Log ....................................................................................................... 216
Table 168 Stream Error Log entry ....................................................................................................... 216
Table 169 Write Stream Error Log ....................................................................................................... 217
Table 170 Current Device Internal Status Data header (page 0) ...................................................... 218
Table 171 Current Device Internal Status Data header (pages 1..n) ................................................ 219
Table 172 Saved Device Internal Status Data header (page 0) ......................................................... 220
Table 173 Saved Device Internal Status Data (pages 1..n) ................................................................ 220
Table 174 Sector Configuration log ...................................................................................................... 221
Table 175 Sector Configuration descriptor .......................................................................................... 221
Table 176 Identify Device Data Log ..................................................................................................... 222
Table 177 List of supported IDENTIFY DEVICE data pages ........................................................... 222
Table 178 Capacity log page ................................................................................................................. 223
Table 179 Supported Capabilities log page ......................................................................................... 224
Table 180 Supported Capabilities log page –Continued- ................................................................... 225
Table 181 Current Settings log page.................................................................................................... 226
Table 182 Current Settings log page –Continued- .............................................................................. 227
Table 183 Strings log page .................................................................................................................... 227
Table 184 Security log page .................................................................................................................. 228
Table 185 Serial ATA log page .............................................................................................................. 229
Table 186 Read Log DMA Ext Command (47h) .................................................................................. 231
Table 187 Read Multiple Commands (C4h) ......................................................................................... 232
Table 188 Read Multiple Ext Command (29h) .................................................................................... 233
Table 189 Read Native Max ADDRESS (F8h) .................................................................................... 234
Table 190 Read Native Max Address Ext (27h) .................................................................................. 235
Table 191 Read Sector(s) Command (20h/21h) ................................................................................... 236
Table 192 Read Sector(s) Ext Command (24h) .................................................................................... 237
Table 193 Read Stream DMA Ext Command (2Ah)............................................................................ 238
Table 194 Read Stream Ext Command (2Bh) ..................................................................................... 241
Table 195 Read Verify Sector(s) Command (40h/41h) ........................................................................ 244
Table 196 Read Verify Sector(s) Ext Command (42h)......................................................................... 245
Table 197 Recalibrate Command (1xh) ................................................................................................ 246
Table 198 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED command (65h) .................................................................. 247
Table 199 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED Subcommand Field ............................................................ 247
Table 200 READ LOG DMA EXT Subcommand (1h) ......................................................................... 248
Table 201 REMOVE ELEMENT AND TRUNCATE command inputs ............................................. 250
Table 202 Generic Normal Output (No LBA Return Value) for Normal Output .............................. 251
Table 203 Request Sense Data Ext command (0Bh) .......................................................................... 252
Table 204 Crypto Scramble Ext Command (B4h/0011h) (data encryption model only) .................. 254
Table 205 Overwrite Ext Command (B4h/0014h) ............................................................................... 257
Table 206 Sanitize Freeze Lock Ext Command (B4h/0020h) ............................................................. 258
Table 207 Sanitize Status Ext Command (B4h/0000h) ...................................................................... 259
Table 208 Security Disable Password Command (F6h) ..................................................................... 260
Table 209 Password Information for Security Disable Password command .................................... 260
Table 210 Security Erase Prepare Command (F3h) ........................................................................... 261
Table 211 Security Erase Unit Command (F4h) ................................................................................. 262
Table 212 Erase Unit Information ....................................................................................................... 262
Table 213 Security Freeze Lock Command (F5h) ............................................................................... 263
14
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 214 Security Set Password Command (F1h) ............................................................................. 264
Table 215 Security Set Password Information .................................................................................... 264
Table 216 Security Unlock Command (F2h) ....................................................................................... 266
Table 217 Security Unlock Information ............................................................................................... 266
Table 218 Seek Command (7xh) ........................................................................................................... 267
Table 219 SEND FPDMA QUEUED command (64h)......................................................................... 268
Table 220 Sense Condition command (F0h) ........................................................................................ 269
Table 221 Set Features Command (EFh) ............................................................................................ 270
Table 222 Restore Power Condition Settings subcommand ............................................................... 273
Table 223 Go To Power Condition subcommand ................................................................................. 275
Table 224 Set Power Condition Timer subcommand .......................................................................... 276
Table 225 Set Power Condition State subcommand ........................................................................... 278
Table 226 Enable the EPC feature subcommand ............................................................................... 279
Table 227 Disable the EPC feature subcommand ............................................................................... 280
Table 228 Set Max ADDRESS (F9h) .................................................................................................... 281
Table 229 Set Max set Password .......................................................................................................... 283
Table 230 Set Max Set Password data contents ................................................................................. 283
Table 231 Set Max Lock ........................................................................................................................ 284
Table 232 Set Max Unlock (F9h) .......................................................................................................... 285
Table 233 Set Max Freeze Lock (F9h) ................................................................................................. 286
Table 234 Set Max Address Ext Command (37h) ............................................................................... 287
Table 235 Set Multiple Mode Commands (C6h) ................................................................................. 289
Table 236 Set Sector Configuration Ext Commands (B2h) ................................................................ 290
Table 237 Sleep Command (E6h/99h) .................................................................................................. 291
Table 238 SMART Enable/Disable Attribute Autosave (B0h-D2h) ................................................... 293
Table 239 SMART Enable/Disable Attribute Autosave (B0h-D4h) ................................................... 294
Table 240 SMART Read Log Sector (B0h-D5h) .................................................................................. 296
Table 241 Log sector addresses ............................................................................................................ 297
Table 242 SMART Write Log (B0h-D6h) ............................................................................................. 298
Table 243 SMART Enable Operations (B0h-D8h) .............................................................................. 299
Table 244 SMART RETURN STATUS command (B0h-DAh) ............................................................ 300
Table 245 Device Attribute Data Structure ........................................................................................ 302
Table 246 Individual Attribute Data Structure .................................................................................. 303
Table 247 Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure ..................................................................... 307
Table 248 Individual Threshold Data Structure ................................................................................. 307
Table 249 SMART Log Directory ......................................................................................................... 308
Table 250 SMART summary error log sector ...................................................................................... 308
Table 251 Error log data structure ...................................................................................................... 309
Table 252 Command data structure .................................................................................................... 309
Table 253 Error data structure ............................................................................................................ 309
Table 254 Self-test log data structure .................................................................................................. 310
Table 255 Selective self-test log data structure ................................................................................... 311
Table 256 Selective self-test feature flags ............................................................................................ 311
Table 257 SMART Error Codes ............................................................................................................ 312
Table 258 Standby Command (E2h/96h) ............................................................................................. 313
Table 259 Standby Immediate Command (E0h/94h) .......................................................................... 314
Table 260 Trusted Receive Command (5Ch) ....................................................................................... 315
Table 261 Trusted Receive DMA Command (5Dh) ............................................................................. 316
Table 262 Trusted Send Command (5Eh) ............................................................................................ 317
Table 263 Trusted Send DMA Command (5Fh) .................................................................................. 318
Table 264 Write Buffer Command (E8h) ............................................................................................. 319
Table 265 Write Buffer DMA Command (EBh) .................................................................................. 320
Table 266 Write DMA Command (CAh/CBh) ...................................................................................... 321
Table 267 Write DMA FUA Ext Command (3Dh) .............................................................................. 322
15
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 268 Write DMA Ext Command (35h) ........................................................................................ 324
Table 269 Write FPDMA Queued Command (61h) ............................................................................ 325
Table 270 Write Log Ext Command (3Fh) ........................................................................................... 327
Table 271 Write Log DMA Ext Command (57h) .................................................................................. 329
Table 272 Write Multiple Command (C5h) ......................................................................................... 330
Table 273 Write Multiple Ext Command (39h) ................................................................................... 331
Table 274 Write Multiple FUA Ext Command (CEh) ......................................................................... 332
Table 275 Write Sector(s) Command (30h/31h)................................................................................... 333
Table 276 Write Sector(s) Ext Command (34h) ................................................................................... 334
Table 277 Write Stream DMA Ext Command (3Ah) ........................................................................... 335
Table 278 Write Stream Ext Command (3Bh) .................................................................................... 338
Table 279 Write Uncorrectable Ext Command (45h) .......................................................................... 341
Table 280 Sense key / code / qualifier .................................................................................................. 342
16
Hard Disk Drive Specification
List of figures
Figure 1 PList physical format ............................................................................................................... 26
Figure 2 Connector location .................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 3 The timing of COMRESET, COMINIT and COMWAKE ...................................................... 29
Figure 4 Limits of temperature and altitude ........................................................................................ 30
Figure 5 Limits of temperature and humidity ...................................................................................... 31
Figure 6 Top and side views and mechanical dimensions .................................................................... 36
Figure 7 Bottom and side views with mounting hole locations ........................................................... 37
Figure 8 Connector locations .................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 9 Initial Setting ........................................................................................................................... 69
Figure 10 Usual Operation ..................................................................................................................... 70
Figure 11 Password Lost ......................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 12 Sanitize Device state machines............................................................................................ 114
17
Hard Disk Drive Specification
1 General
Introduction
This document describes the specifications of the Ultrastar® DC HC550 a WESTERN DIGITAL 3.5-inch 7200-rpm
serial ATA / Serial Attached SCSI interface hard disk drive with the following model numbers:
Table 1 Type and Model#
(18TB)
Capacity
Type
Interface
Format
Model#
Description
P3 Power Disable
Supported
18TB
US7SAR180
Serial ATA
512 Emulation
WUH721818ALE6L1
SED*1
No
WUH721818ALE6L4
Base(SE)
(16TB)
Capacity
Type
Interface
Format
Model#
Description
P3 Power Disable
Supported
16TB
US7SAR160
Serial ATA
512 Emulation
WUH721816ALE6L1
SED*1
No
WUH721816ALE6L4
Base(SE)
*1
BDE+TCG w/ Instant Secure Erase
How to Read Model Numbers
WUH721818ALE6L4 – 18TB SATA 6Gb/s 512e Base (SE) with Legacy Pin 3 config
W = Western Digital
U = Ultrastar
H = Helium
72 = 7200 RPM
18 = Max capacity (18TB)
18 = Capacity this model (18TB)
A = Generation code
L = 26.1mm z-height
E6 = Interface (512e SATA 6Gb/s)
(52 = 512e SAS 12Gb/s)
** 512e models can be converted to 4Kn format and vice versa
(Note: Changing the block size does not change the HDD Model Number reported by the drive.)
y = Power Disable Pin 3 status
(0 = Power Disable Pin 3 support
L = Legacy Pin 3 config – No Power Disable Support)
z = Data Security Mode
1 = SED*: Self-Encryption Drive
TCG-Enterprise and Sanitize Crypto Scramble / Erase
4 = Base (SE)*: No Encryption, Sanitize Overwrite only
5 = SED-FIPS: SED w/ certification (SAS only)
* ATA Security Feature Set comes standard on SATA
** See section 12.51 Set Sector Configuration Ext
One TB equals one trillion bytes.
Actual user capacity may be less due to operating environment.
18
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Glossary
ADM
Automatic Drive Maintenance
DFT
Drive Fitness Test
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
GB
1,000,000,000 bytes
Gbps
1,000,000,000 bits per second
ISE
Instant Secure Erase
KiB
1,024 bytes
Kbpi
1,000 bits per inch
Ktpi
1,000 tracks per inch
MiB
1,048,576 bytes
MB/s
1,000,000 bytes per second
Mbps
1,000,000 bits per second
MiB/s
1,048,576 bytes per second
PI
Protection Information
PSID
Physical presence Security ID
S.M.A.R.T.
Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology
SE
Secure Erase
SED
Self-Encrypting Drive
TB
1,000,000,000,000 bytes
TCG
Trusted Computing Group
General caution
Do not apply force to the top cover. Handle the drive by its edges or frame only.
Do not touch the interface connector pins or the surface of the print circuit board.
The drive can be damaged by shock or ESD (Electrostatic Discharge). Any damage sustained by the drive after
removal from the shipping package and opening the ESD protective bag are the responsibility of the user.
References
Serial ATA II: Extensions to Serial ATA 1.0
Serial ATA International Organization: Serial ATA Revision 3.3
19
Hard Disk Drive Specification
2 General features
Data capacities of 18TB, 16TB
Spindle speeds of 7200 RPM
Fluid Dynamic Bearing motor
Triple Stage Actuator
Closed-loop actuator servo
Load/Unload mechanism, non head disk contact start/stop
Automatic Actuator lock
Write Cache
Power saving modes/Low RPM idle mode (APM)
S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring and Analysis Reporting Technology)
Adaptive zone formatting
RVS(Rotational Vibration Safeguard)
512MiB Memory
Segmented buffer implementation
Automatic Error Recovery procedures for read and write commands
Automatic defect reallocation
PSID support
Sector format of 512 bytes/sector,4096 bytes/sector
Native command queuing support
Self Diagnostics at Power on.
Serial ATA Data Transfer 6/3/1.5Gbps
CHS and LBA mode
Security feature support
48 bit addressing feature
Full Disk Encryption support (specific model only)
20
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Part 1. Functional specification
21
Hard Disk Drive Specification
3 Fixed disk subsystem description
Control Electronics
The drive is electronically controlled by a microprocessor, several logic modules, digital/analog modules, and various
drivers and receivers. The control electronics performs the following major functions:
Controls and interprets all interface signals between the host controller and the drive.
Controls read write accessing of the disk media, including defect management and error recovery.
Controls starting, stopping, and monitoring of the spindle.
Conducts a power-up sequence and calibrates the servo.
Analyzes servo signals to provide closed loop control. These include position error signal and estimated
velocity.
Monitors the actuator position and determines the target track for a seek operation.
Controls the voice coil motor driver to align the actuator in a desired position.
Constantly monitors error conditions of the servo and takes corresponding action if an error occurs.
Monitors various timers such as head settle and servo failure.
Performs self-checkout (diagnostics).
Head disk assembly
The head disk assembly (HDA) is assembled in a clean room environment and contains the disks and actuator
assembly. Helium is constantly circulated and filtered when the drive is operational. No venting of the HDA is
accomplished, as HDA is hermetically sealed.
The spindle is driven directly by an in-hub, brushless, sensor less DC drive motor. Dynamic braking is used to quickly
stop the spindle.
Actuator
The read/write heads are mounted in the actuator. The actuator is a swing-arm assembly driven by a voice coil motor.
A closed-loop positioning servo controls the movement of the actuator. An embedded servo pattern supplies feedback
to the positioning servo to keep the read/write heads centered over the desired track.
The actuator assembly is balanced to allow vertical or horizontal mounting without adjustment.
When the drive is powered off, the actuator automatically moves the head to the actuator ramp outside of the disk
where it parks.
22
Hard Disk Drive Specification
4 Drive characteristics
This section describes the characteristics of the drive.
Default logical drive parameters
The default of the logical drive parameters in Identify Device data is as shown below.
Table 2 Formatted capacity
Description
18TB model
16TB model
Physical Layout
Label capacity
18TB
18TB
16TB
16TB
Bytes per Sector
4,096
4,096
4,096
4,096
Number of Heads
18
18
18
18
Number of Disks
9 9 9
9
Logical Layout
1
Bytes per Sector
512
4,096
512
4,096
Number of Sectors
35,156,656,128
4,394,582,016
31,251,759,104
3,906,469,888
Total Logical Data Bytes
18,000,207,937,536
18,000,207,937,536
16,000,900,661,248
16,000,900,661,248
Notes:
1
Logical layout: Logical layout is an imaginary drive parameter (that is, the number of heads) which is used to
access the drive from the system interface. The Logical layout to Physical layout (that is, the actual Head and
Sectors) translation is done automatically in the drive. The default setting can be obtained by issuing an IDENTIFY
DEVICE command
23
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Data sheet
Table 3 Data sheet
Description
18TB Model
16TB Model
Max Data transfer rate (Mbps)
2,420
2,360
Max Interface transfer rate (MB/s)
600
600
Max Sustained transfer rate (MB/s)
269
262
Max Sustained transfer rate (MiB/s)
257
250
Memory size (MiB)
512
512
Rotational speed (RPM)
7,200
7,200
Recording density- max (Kbpi)
2,157
2,015
Track density (Ktpi)
470
450
Areal density - max (Gbits/in2)
1,022
918
World Wide Name Assignment
Table 4 World Wide Name Assignment
Description
WWN
Organizationally Unique Identifier(OUI)
000CCAh (for WESTERN DIGITAL)
SHBU Block Assignment
284h,285h,286h,295h,29Dh,29Eh,29Fh,2A0h,2A1h (Thailand)
Drive organization
4.4.1 Drive Format
Upon shipment from WESTERN DIGITAL manufacturing the drive satisfies the sector continuity in the physical
format by means of the defect flagging strategy described in Section 5 on page 26 in order to provide the maximum
performance to users.
4.4.2 Cylinder allocation
Physical cylinder is calculated from the starting data track of 0. It is not relevant to logical CHS. Depending on the
capacity some of the inner zone cylinders are not allocated.
Data cylinder
This cylinder contains the user data which can be sent and retrieved via read/write commands and a spare area for
reassigned data.
Spare cylinder
The spare cylinder is used by WESTERN DIGITAL manufacturing and includes data sent from a defect location.
24
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Performance characteristics
Drive performance is characterized by the following parameters:
Command overhead
Mechanical positioning
- Latency
Data transfer speed
Buffering operation (Look ahead/Write cache)
All the above parameters contribute to drive performance. There are other parameters that contribute to the
performance of the actual system. This specification defines the characteristics of the drive, not the characteristics
of the system throughput which depends on the system and the application.
The terms “Typical” and “Max” are used throughout this specification with the following meanings:
Typical. The average of the drive population tested at nominal environmental and voltage conditions.
Max. The maximum value measured on any one drive over the full range of the environmental and voltage
conditions. (See Section 6.2, “Environment” and Section 6.3, “DC Power Requirements”)
4.5.1 Mechanical positioning
4.5.1.1 Average latency
Table 5 Latency Time
Rotational speed
Time for a revolution (ms)
Average latency (ms)
7200 RPM
8.3
4.16
4.5.2 Drive ready time
Table 6 Drive ready time
Power on to ready
Typical (sec)
Maximum (sec)
9 Disk model
25
30
Ready
The condition in which the drive is able to perform a media access command (such as read, write)
immediately
Power on
This includes the time required for the internal self diagnostics.
Notes: The typical and maximum drive ready time in the table are for proper power shutdown using the Required
Power-Off Sequence. In the event of an EPO (Emergency Power Off), the drive ready times in the table can be
exceeded by as much as 2s-4s. The additional time is used to condition the drive for user data access. The actual
time may vary depending on the drive pre-condition before the EPO event.
25
Hard Disk Drive Specification
4.5.3 Operating modes
4.5.3.1 Operating mode descriptions
Operating mode
Description
Spin up
Period of time from 0 rpm to full rpm
Start up
Period of time from power on to drive ready.
Seek
Seek operation mode
Write
Write operation mode
Read
Read operation mode
Active
Drive is able to perform a media access command (such as read, write) immediately
Idle_0
Drive Ready, but not performing IO, drive may power down selected electronics to reduce
power without increasing response time
Idle_A
Drive Ready, but not performing IO, drive may power down selected electronics to reduce
power without increasing response time
Idle_B
Spindle rotation at 7200 RPM with heads unloaded
Idle_C/Standby_Y
Spindle rotation at Low RPM with heads unloaded
Standby_Z
Actuator is unloaded and spindle motor is stopped. Commands can be received immediately
Sleep (SATA)
Actuator is unloaded and spindle motor is stopped. Only soft reset or hard reset can change
the mode to standby_z
Note: Upon power down or spindle stop a head locking mechanism will secure the heads in the OD parking
position.
4.5.3.2 Mode transition times
Mode transition times are shown below
Table 7 Mode transition times
From
To
RPM
Typical (sec)
Idle_B
Active
7200
1.5
Idle_C
Active
6300 -> 7200
4
Standby_Y
Active
6300 -> 7200
4
Standby_Z
Active
0 > 7200
15
Note: Maximum transition time of 30 Seconds based on drive timeout value
26
Hard Disk Drive Specification
5 Defect flagging strategy
Media defects are remapped to the next available sector during the Format Process in manufacturing. The mapping
from LBA to the physical locations is calculated by an internally maintained table.
5.1 Shipped format
Data areas are optimally used.
No extra sector is wasted as a spare throughout user data areas.
All pushes generated by defects are absorbed by the spare tracks of the inner zone.
Figure 1 PList physical format
Defects are skipped without any constraint, such as track or cylinder boundary. The calculation from LBA to physical
is done automatically by internal table.
N N+1 N+2 N+3
defect defect
skip
skip
27
Hard Disk Drive Specification
6 Specification
6.1 Electrical interface
6.1.1 Connector location
Refer to the following illustration to see the location of the connectors.
Figure 2 Connector location
6.1.1.1 Signal connector
A Serial ATA device may be either directly connected to a host or connected to a host through a cable.
For direct connection, the device plug connector is inserted directly into a backplane connector. The device plug
connector and the backplane connector incorporate features that enable the direct connection to be hot pluggable
and blind mate able.
For connection via cable, the device signal plug connector mates with the signal cable receptacle connector on one
end of the cable. The signal cable receptacle connector on the other end of the cable is inserted into a host signal
plug connector. The signal cable wire consists of two twinax sections in a common outer sheath.
Besides the signal cable, there is also a separate power cable for the cabled connection. A Serial ATA power cable
includes a power cable receptacle connector on one end and may be directly connected to the host power supply
on the other end or may include a power cable receptacle on the other end. The power cable receptacle connector
on one end of the power cable mates with the device power plug connector. The other end of the power cable is
attached to the host as necessary.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.1.2 Signal definition
SATA has receivers and drivers to be connected to Tx+/- and Rx +/- Serial data signal.
Defines the signal names of I/O connector pin and signal name.
Table 8 Interface connector pins and I/O signals
No.
Plug Connector pin definition
Signal
I/O
Signal
S1
GND
2nd mate
Gnd
S2
A+
Differential signal A from Phy
RX+
Input
S3
A- RX-
Input
S4
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
S5
B-
Differential signal B from Phy
TX-
Output
S6
B+ TX+
Output
S7
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
Key and spacing separate signal and power
segments
Power
P1
Reserved*
NOT USED (P1 and P2 tied internally)
Reserve
P2
Reserved*
Not USED (P1 and P2 tied internally)
Reserve
P3
Reserved* or
PWDIS* (option)
Not USED (P1, P2 and P3 tied internally)
or
Enter/Exit Power Disable (option)
Reserve
or
PWDIS
P4
Gnd
1st mate
Gnd
P5
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
P6
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
P7
V5
5V power,pre-charge,2nd Mate
5V
P8
V5
5V power
5V
P9
V5
5V power
5V
P10
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
P11
Reserved
Support staggered spin-up and LED activity
VDih max=2.1V
Reserve
P12
Gnd
1st mate
Gnd
P13
V12
12V power,pre-chage,2nd mate
V12
P14
V12
12V power
V12
P15
V12
12V power
V12
* SATA Specification Revision 3.1 and prior revisions assigned 3.3V to pins P1, P2 and P3. In addition, device
plug pins P1, P2, and P3 were required to be bused together. In the standard configuration of this product,
P3 is connected with P1 and P2 and this product behaves as SATA 3.1 or prior version product in a system
designed to SATA 3.2 system that does not support the 3.3 feature. For product with the optional SATA 3.3 Power
Disable Feature supported, P3 is now assigned as the POWER DISABLE CONTROL PIN. If P3 is driven HIGH
(2.1V-3.6V max), power to the drive circuitry will be disabled. Drives with this optional feature WILL NOT POWER
UP in systems designed to SATA Spec Revision 3.1 or earlier because P3 driven HIGH will prevent the drive from
powering up.
6.1.2.1 TX+ / TX-
These signals are the outbound high-speed differential signals that are connected to the serial ATA cable
6.1.2.2 RX+ / RX-
These signals are the inbound high-speed differential signals that are connected to the serial ATA cable.
29
Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.1.2.3 5V PRECHARGE
+5 Vdc that is available on the extended pins. It is used for PRECHARGE when connected to backplane
incorporated feature.
6.1.2.4 12V PRECHARGE
+12 Vdc that is available on the extended pins. It is used for PRECHARGE when connected to backplane
incorporated feature.
6.1.3 Out of band signaling
Figure 3 The timing of COMRESET, COMINIT and COMWAKE
Table 9 Parameter descriptions
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Nominal (ns)
t1
ALIGN primitives
106.7
t2
Spacing
320
t3
ALIGN primitives
106.7
t4
Spacing
106.7
COMRESET/COMINIT
t1
t2
t3
t4
COMWAKE
30
Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.2 Environment
6.2.1 Temperature and humidity
Table 10 Temperature and humidity
System Responsibility
The system is responsible for maintaining a drive sensor temperature below 65C. Drive sensor
temperature is as reported using SMART SCT.
Operating ambient conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity
Maximum wet bulb temperature
Maximum temperature gradient
Altitude
5 to 60°C
8 to 90% non-condensing
29.4°C non-condensing
20°C/Hour
–300 to 3,048 m
Non-Operating conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity
Maximum wet bulb temperature
Maximum temperature gradient
Altitude
-40 to 70°C (Storage 0 to 70°C)
5 to 95% non-condensing
35°C non-condensing
30°C/Hour
–300 to 12,000 m (Inside dashed-dotted line of Figure 4)
Notes:
1. Non condensing conditions should be maintained at any time.
Figure 4 Limits of temperature and altitude
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