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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Hard disk drive specifications
Ultrastar® DC HC650
3.5 inch Serial ATA hard disk drive
Model:
WSH722020ALN6L1
WSH722020ALN6L4
Revision 1.3 19 November 2020
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table of contents
1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Glossary ........................................................................................................................................... 19
General caution ............................................................................................................................... 19
References ........................................................................................................................................ 19
2 General features .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Part 1. Functional specification ....................................................................................................................... 21
3 Fixed disk subsystem description ....................................................................................................................... 22
Control Electronics ......................................................................................................................... 22
Head disk assembly ........................................................................................................................ 22
Actuator ........................................................................................................................................... 22
4 Drive characteristics ............................................................................................................................................ 23
Default logical drive parameters ................................................................................................... 23
Data sheet ........................................................................................................................................ 24
World Wide Name Assignment ...................................................................................................... 24
Drive organization .......................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.1 Drive Format ............................................................................................................................ 24
4.4.2 Cylinder allocation................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.3 Zone Layout .............................................................................................................................. 24
Performance characteristics ........................................................................................................... 26
4.5.1 Mechanical positioning ............................................................................................................ 26
4.5.2 Drive ready time ...................................................................................................................... 26
4.5.3 Operating modes ...................................................................................................................... 27
5 Defect flagging strategy ....................................................................................................................................... 28
5.1 Shipped format ................................................................................................................................ 28
6 Specification ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
6.1 Electrical interface .......................................................................................................................... 29
6.1.1 Connector location ................................................................................................................... 29
6.1.2 Signal definition....................................................................................................................... 30
6.1.3 Out of band signaling .............................................................................................................. 31
6.2 Environment .................................................................................................................................... 32
6.2.1 Temperature and humidity ..................................................................................................... 32
6.2.2 Storage Requirements ............................................................................................................. 33
6.2.3 Corrosion test ........................................................................................................................... 33
6.2.4 Atmospheric condition ............................................................................................................. 33
6.3 DC power requirements.................................................................................................................. 34
6.3.1 Input voltage ............................................................................................................................ 34
6.3.2 Power supply current .............................................................................................................. 35
6.3.3 Power line noise limits ............................................................................................................ 36
6.3.4 Power Consumption Efficiency ............................................................................................... 36
6.4 Reliability ........................................................................................................................................ 37
6.4.1 Mean time between failures / Annualized failure rate ......................................................... 37
6.4.2 Data integrity ........................................................................................................................... 37
6.4.3 Cable noise interference .......................................................................................................... 37
6.4.4 Load/Unload ............................................................................................................................. 37
6.4.5 Start/stop cycles ....................................................................................................................... 37
6.4.6 Preventive maintenance .......................................................................................................... 37
6.4.7 Data reliability ......................................................................................................................... 37
6.4.8 Required Power-Off Sequence ................................................................................................ 37
6.5 Mechanical specifications ............................................................................................................... 38
6.5.1 Physical dimensions ................................................................................................................ 38
6.5.2 Connector locations ................................................................................................................. 40
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6.5.3 Drive mounting ........................................................................................................................ 40
6.5.4 Heads unload and actuator lock ............................................................................................. 40
6.6 Vibration and shock ........................................................................................................................ 41
6.6.1 Operating vibration ................................................................................................................. 41
6.6.2 Nonoperating vibration ........................................................................................................... 42
6.6.3 Operating shock ....................................................................................................................... 42
6.6.4 Nonoperating shock ................................................................................................................. 42
6.6.5 Nonoperating Rotational shock .............................................................................................. 43
6.7 Acoustics .......................................................................................................................................... 44
6.8 Identification labels ........................................................................................................................ 44
6.9 Safety ............................................................................................................................................... 45
6.9.1 UL and CSA standard conformity .......................................................................................... 45
6.9.2 EU Safety standard conformity .............................................................................................. 45
6.9.3 Flammability ............................................................................................................................ 45
6.9.4 Safe handling ........................................................................................................................... 45
6.9.5 Substance restriction requirements ....................................................................................... 45
6.9.6 Secondary circuit protection ................................................................................................... 45
6.10 Electromagnetic compatibility ....................................................................................................... 46
6.10.1 CE Mark ................................................................................................................................... 46
6.10.2 RCM Mark ................................................................................................................................ 46
6.10.3 BSMI Mark .............................................................................................................................. 46
6.10.4 KC Mark ................................................................................................................................... 46
6.11 Third Party Open Source Licenses ................................................................................................ 47
6.11.1 bzip2 .......................................................................................................................................... 47
6.11.2 PCRE ........................................................................................................................................ 48
Part 2. Interface specification .......................................................................................................................... 49
7 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 50
7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 50
7.2 Terminology ..................................................................................................................................... 50
7.3 Deviations From Standard ............................................................................................................. 50
8 Registers ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
8.1 Alternate Status Register............................................................................................................... 51
8.2 Command register .......................................................................................................................... 51
8.3 Cylinder High Register ................................................................................................................... 51
8.4 Cylinder Low Register .................................................................................................................... 52
8.5 Device Control Register .................................................................................................................. 52
8.6 Device/Head Register ...................................................................................................................... 53
8.7 Error Register ................................................................................................................................. 53
8.8 Features Register ............................................................................................................................ 54
8.9 Sector Count Register ..................................................................................................................... 54
8.10 Sector Number Register ................................................................................................................. 54
8.11 Status Register ................................................................................................................................ 55
9 Normal and Error Output field descriptions ......................................................................................................... 56
9.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 56
9.2 Status field ...................................................................................................................................... 56
9.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 56
9.2.2 ALIGNMENT ERROR bit ....................................................................................................... 57
9.2.3 BUSY bit................................................................................................................................... 57
9.2.4 CHECK CONDITION bit ........................................................................................................ 57
9.2.5 DATA REQUEST bit ............................................................................................................... 57
9.2.6 DEVICE FAULT bit ................................................................................................................ 57
9.2.7 DEVICE READY bit ................................................................................................................ 58
9.2.8 ERROR bit ................................................................................................................................ 58
9.2.9 SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit ............................................................................................. 58
9.2.10 Transport Dependent bits and fields...................................................................................... 58
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9.3 ERROR field .................................................................................................................................... 59
9.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 59
9.3.2 ABORT bit ................................................................................................................................ 59
9.3.3 END OF MEDIA bit ................................................................................................................ 59
9.3.4 ID NOT FOUND bit ................................................................................................................ 60
9.3.5 ILLEGAL LENGTH INDICATOR bit .................................................................................... 60
9.3.6 INTERFACE CRC bit .............................................................................................................. 60
9.3.7 SENSE KEY field .................................................................................................................... 60
9.3.8 UNCORRECTABLE ERROR bit ............................................................................................ 60
9.4 INTERRUPT REASON field .......................................................................................................... 61
9.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 61
9.4.2 COMMAND/DATA bit ............................................................................................................. 61
9.4.3 INPUT/OUTPUT bit ................................................................................................................ 61
9.5 COUNT field .................................................................................................................................... 62
9.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 62
9.5.2 NCQ Tag ................................................................................................................................... 62
9.6 SACTIVE field ................................................................................................................................. 62
9.7 SATA STATUS field ....................................................................................................................... 62
9.8 LBA field .......................................................................................................................................... 62
9.8.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 62
9.8.2 LBA of First Unrecoverable Error .......................................................................................... 62
9.9 Device Signatures for Normal Output .......................................................................................... 63
9.9.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 63
10 General Operation Descriptions .......................................................................................................................... 64
10.1 Reset Response ................................................................................................................................ 64
10.1.1 Register Initialization ............................................................................................................. 65
10.2 Diagnostic and Reset considerations ............................................................................................. 65
10.3 Sector Addressing Mode ................................................................................................................. 66
10.3.1 Logical CHS Addressing Mode ............................................................................................... 66
10.3.2 LBA Addressing Mode ............................................................................................................. 66
10.4 Power Management Feature .......................................................................................................... 67
10.4.1 Power Mode .............................................................................................................................. 67
10.4.2 Power Management Commands ............................................................................................. 68
10.4.3 Standby timer .......................................................................................................................... 68
10.4.4 Interface Capability for Power Modes .................................................................................... 68
10.5 SMART Function ............................................................................................................................ 69
10.5.1 Attributes ................................................................................................................................. 69
10.5.2 Attribute values ....................................................................................................................... 69
10.5.3 Attribute thresholds ................................................................................................................ 69
10.5.4 Threshold exceeded condition ................................................................................................. 69
10.5.5 SMART commands .................................................................................................................. 69
10.5.6 Off-line Read Scanning ........................................................................................................... 69
10.5.7 Error Log .................................................................................................................................. 69
10.5.8 Self-test ..................................................................................................................................... 70
10.6 Security Mode Feature Set ............................................................................................................. 71
10.6.1 Security mode........................................................................................................................... 71
10.6.2 Security Level .......................................................................................................................... 71
10.6.3 Password .................................................................................................................................. 71
10.6.4 Operation example .................................................................................................................. 72
10.6.5 Command Table ....................................................................................................................... 75
10.7 Host Protected Area Feature ......................................................................................................... 78
10.7.1 Example for operation (In LBA mode) ................................................................................... 78
10.7.2 Security extensions .................................................................................................................. 79
10.8 Write Cache Function ..................................................................................................................... 80
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10.9 Reassign Function ........................................................................................................................... 80
10.9.1 Auto Reassign Function .......................................................................................................... 80
10.10 Power-up in Standby feature set ................................................................................................... 81
10.11 Advanced Power Management feature set (APM) ........................................................................ 81
10.12 48-bit Address Feature Set ............................................................................................................ 81
10.13 SATA BIST (Built-in Self Test) ...................................................................................................... 82
10.14 SATA Interface Power Management ............................................................................................. 82
10.15 Software Setting Preservation ....................................................................................................... 83
10.15.1 COMRESET Preservation Requirements .............................................................................. 83
10.16 Serial ATA Revision 3.0 Optional Features .................................................................................. 84
10.16.1 Asynchronous Signal Recovery ............................................................................................... 84
10.16.2 Device Power Connector Pin 11 Definition ............................................................................ 84
10.16.3 Phy Event Counters ................................................................................................................ 84
10.16.4 NCQ NON-DATA (63h) ........................................................................................................... 88
10.16.5 Rebuild Assist log (15h) ........................................................................................................... 91
10.17 SCT Command Transport feature Set ........................................................................................... 93
10.17.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 93
10.17.2 SCT Command Protocol .......................................................................................................... 95
10.17.3 SCT Command Set ................................................................................................................ 103
10.18 Extended Power Conditions (EPC) feature ................................................................................. 111
10.18.1 Power conditions .................................................................................................................... 111
10.18.2 Power condition timers .......................................................................................................... 112
10.18.3 Interaction with resets, commands and other features ...................................................... 112
10.19 Sanitize Device feature set ........................................................................................................... 113
10.19.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 113
10.19.2 Sanitize Device Feature ........................................................................................................ 115
10.19.3 Sanitize Device state machine .............................................................................................. 115
10.20 Zone Device Features.................................................................................................................... 118
10.20.1 Feature set introduction ....................................................................................................... 118
10.20.2 Basic zoned device model ...................................................................................................... 118
10.20.3 Host Managed Zones feature set .......................................................................................... 118
10.20.4 Zone attributes ....................................................................................................................... 119
10.20.5 Zone types............................................................................................................................... 120
10.20.6 Additional features for the Host Managed Zones feature set ............................................ 133
10.21 Trusted Computing Group feature set ........................................................................................ 137
10.21.1 Referenced Specifications and Standards ............................................................................ 137
10.21.2 Implementation Exceptions .................................................................................................. 138
10.21.3 Implementation Features and Details Outside of TCG Specifications ............................. 138
10.21.4 Encryption Algorithms .......................................................................................................... 138
10.21.5 TCG Enterprise SSC Tables ................................................................................................. 140
10.21.6 Firmware Download and Signing ......................................................................................... 142
10.21.7 Ports ........................................................................................................................................ 142
10.21.8 MSID ....................................................................................................................................... 145
10.21.9 Logging ................................................................................................................................... 145
10.21.10 Number of Sessions ............................................................................................................... 145
10.21.11 Number of Bands ................................................................................................................... 145
10.21.12 Number of COMIDs ............................................................................................................... 145
10.21.13 PSID ........................................................................................................................................ 145
10.21.14 Locked and Unlocked Behavior ............................................................................................ 146
10.21.15 Error Codes ............................................................................................................................ 150
10.21.16 Life Cycle model ..................................................................................................................... 150
10.21.17 Customer Specific Requirements ......................................................................................... 151
10.21.18 Switching between TCG Enterprise and ISE model ........................................................... 151
10.21.19 Block SID Authentication ..................................................................................................... 152
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11 Command Protocol ............................................................................................................................................ 153
11.1 PIO Data In commands ................................................................................................................ 153
11.2 PIO Data Out commands ............................................................................................................. 153
11.3 Non-Data commands .................................................................................................................... 154
11.4 DMA Data In commands and DMA Data Out commands ......................................................... 155
11.5 First-party DMA commands ........................................................................................................ 155
12 Command Descriptions ..................................................................................................................................... 156
12.1 Check Power Mode (E5h/98h) ...................................................................................................... 161
12.2 Device Configuration Overlay (B1h) ........................................................................................... 163
12.2.1 Device Configuration Restore (Subcommand C0h) ............................................................. 164
12.2.2 Device Configuration Freeze Lock (Subcommand C1h) ..................................................... 164
12.2.3 Device Configuration Identify (Subcommand C2h) ............................................................ 164
12.2.4 Device Configuration Set (Subcommand C3h) .................................................................... 164
12.3 Download Microcode (92h) ........................................................................................................... 167
12.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 168
12.3.2 Sector Number / Sector Count .............................................................................................. 168
12.3.3 Download and save microcode with offsets .......................................................................... 168
12.3.4 Download and save microcode with offsets for future use .................................................. 168
12.3.5 Activate downloaded microcode ............................................................................................ 168
12.3.6 Error Outputs ........................................................................................................................ 168
12.4 Download Microcode DMA (93h) ................................................................................................. 169
12.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 170
12.4.2 Sector Count / Sector Number .............................................................................................. 170
12.4.3 Download and save microcode with offsets .......................................................................... 170
12.4.4 Download and save microcode with offsets for future use .................................................. 170
12.4.5 Activate downloaded microcode ............................................................................................ 170
12.4.6 Error Outputs ........................................................................................................................ 170
12.5 Execute Device Diagnostic (90h).................................................................................................. 171
12.6 Flush Cache (E7h)......................................................................................................................... 172
12.7 Flush Cache Ext (EAh) ................................................................................................................. 174
12.8 Format Unit (F7h) ........................................................................................................................ 176
12.9 Identify Device (ECh) ................................................................................................................... 178
12.10 Idle (E3h/97h) ................................................................................................................................ 189
12.11 Idle Immediate (E1h/95h) ............................................................................................................ 191
12.12 Initialize Device Parameters (91h) .............................................................................................. 192
12.13 NCQ NON-DATA (63h) ................................................................................................................ 193
12.13.1 Abort NCQ Queue Subcommand (0h) .................................................................................. 194
12.13.2 Deadline handling Subcommand (1h) .................................................................................. 196
12.14 Read Buffer (E4h) ......................................................................................................................... 198
12.15 Read Buffer DMA (E9h) ............................................................................................................... 199
12.16 Read DMA(C8h/C9h) .................................................................................................................... 200
12.17 Read DMA Ext (25h) ..................................................................................................................... 202
12.18 Read FPDMA Queued (60h) ......................................................................................................... 204
12.19 Read Log Ext (2Fh) ....................................................................................................................... 206
12.19.1 General Purpose Log Directory ............................................................................................ 208
12.19.2 Extended Comprehensive SMART Error log ....................................................................... 209
12.19.3 Device Statistics log ............................................................................................................... 212
12.19.4 Extended Self-test log sector ................................................................................................. 221
12.19.5 Power Conditions log ............................................................................................................. 223
12.19.6 NCQ Command Error(log page 10h) .................................................................................... 226
12.19.7 Sector Configuration log ........................................................................................................ 228
12.19.8 Identify Device Data log ........................................................................................................ 229
12.20 Read Log DMA Ext(47h) .............................................................................................................. 239
12.21 Read Multiple (C4h)...................................................................................................................... 240
12.22 Read Multiple Ext (29h) ............................................................................................................... 241
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12.23 Read Native Max Address (F8h) .................................................................................................. 242
12.24 Read Native Max Address Ext (27h) ........................................................................................... 243
12.25 Read Sector(s) (20h/21h) ............................................................................................................... 244
12.26 Read Sector(s) Ext (24h) ............................................................................................................... 245
12.27 Read Verify Sector(s) (40h/41h) ................................................................................................... 246
12.28 Read Verify Sector(s) Ext (42h) ................................................................................................... 247
12.29 Recalibrate (1xh) ........................................................................................................................... 248
12.30 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED (65h) ............................................................................................ 249
12.31 Request Sense Data Ext (0Bh) ..................................................................................................... 252
12.32 Sanitize Device Feature Set (B4h) ............................................................................................... 254
12.32.1 Crypto Scramble Ext Command (feature: 0011h) (data encryption model only) .............. 254
12.32.2 Overwrite Ext Command (feature: 0014h) .......................................................................... 257
12.32.3 Sanitize Freeze Lock Ext Command (feature: 0020h) ........................................................ 258
12.32.4 Sanitize Status Ext Command (feature: 0000h) ................................................................. 259
12.33 Security Disable Password (F6h) ................................................................................................. 260
12.34 Security Erase Prepare (F3h) ...................................................................................................... 261
12.35 Security Erase Unit (F4h) ............................................................................................................ 262
12.36 Security Freeze Lock (F5h) .......................................................................................................... 264
12.37 Security Set Password (F1h) ........................................................................................................ 265
12.38 Security Unlock (F2h) ................................................................................................................... 267
12.39 Seek (7xh) ...................................................................................................................................... 268
12.40 SEND FPDMA QUEUED (64h) ................................................................................................... 269
12.41 Sense Condition (F0h : Vendor specific) ...................................................................................... 270
12.42 Set Features (EFh) ........................................................................................................................ 271
12.42.1 Set Transfer Mode ................................................................................................................. 272
12.42.2 Write Cache ............................................................................................................................ 272
12.42.3 Serial ATA Feature ............................................................................................................... 272
12.42.4 Advanced Power Management ............................................................................................. 273
12.42.5 Set Maximum Host Interface Sector Time .......................................................................... 274
12.42.6 Enable/Disable the Sense Data Reporting feature set ....................................................... 274
12.42.7 Extended Power Conditions (EPC) feature ......................................................................... 275
12.43 Set Max Address (F9h) ................................................................................................................. 283
12.43.1 Set Max Set Password (Feature = 01h)................................................................................ 285
12.43.2 Set Max Lock (Feature = 02h) .............................................................................................. 286
12.43.3 Set Max Unlock (Feature = 03h) .......................................................................................... 287
12.43.4 Set Max Freeze Lock (Feature = 04h) .................................................................................. 288
12.44 Set Max Address Ext (37h)........................................................................................................... 289
12.45 Set Multiple Mode (C6h) .............................................................................................................. 291
12.46 Set Sector Configuration Ext (B2h) ............................................................................................. 292
12.47 Sleep (E6h/99h) ............................................................................................................................. 293
12.48 SMART Function Set (B0h) ......................................................................................................... 294
12.48.1 SMART Subcommand ........................................................................................................... 294
12.48.2 Device Attributes Data Structure ........................................................................................ 304
12.48.3 Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure ...................................................................... 308
12.49 Standby (E2h/96h) ........................................................................................................................ 314
12.50 Standby Immediate (E0h/94h) ..................................................................................................... 315
12.51 Write Buffer (E8h) ........................................................................................................................ 316
12.52 Write Buffer DMA (EBh) .............................................................................................................. 317
12.53 Write DMA (CAh/CBh) ................................................................................................................. 318
12.54 Write DMA FUA Ext (3Dh) .......................................................................................................... 319
12.55 Write DMA Ext (35h) .................................................................................................................... 321
12.56 Write FPDMA Queued (61h) ........................................................................................................ 322
12.57 Write Log Ext (3Fh) ...................................................................................................................... 324
12.58 Write Log DMA Ext (57h) ............................................................................................................ 326
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12.59 Write Multiple (C5h)..................................................................................................................... 327
12.60 Write Multiple Ext (39h) .............................................................................................................. 328
12.61 Write Multiple FUA Ext (CEh) .................................................................................................... 329
12.62 Write Sector(s) (30h/31h) .............................................................................................................. 330
12.63 Write Sector(s) Ext (34h) .............................................................................................................. 331
12.64 Write Uncorrectable Ext (45h) ..................................................................................................... 332
12.65 Zone management commands ...................................................................................................... 333
12.65.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 333
12.65.2 ZAC Management In command template, 4Ah, DMA ........................................................ 333
12.65.3 ZAC MANAGEMENT OUT command template, 9Fh, Non-Data or DMA Out ................ 335
12.65.4 CLOSE ZONE EXT command – 9Fh/01h, Non-Data .......................................................... 336
12.65.5 FINISH ZONE EXT command – 9Fh/02h, Non-Data ......................................................... 338
12.65.6 OPEN ZONE EXT command – 9Fh/03h, Non-Data ............................................................ 340
12.65.7 REPORT ZONES EXT command – 4Ah/00h, DMA In ....................................................... 342
12.65.8 RESET WRITE POINTERS EXT command – 9Fh/04h, Non-Data ................................... 346
12.65.9 Normal and Error Outputs ................................................................................................... 349
13 Appendix. Sense key and Additional Sense code list ....................................................................................... 353
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List of tables
Table 1 Type and Model# ........................................................................................................................ 17
Table 2 Formatted capacity .................................................................................................................... 23
Table 3 Data sheet ................................................................................................................................... 24
Table 4 World Wide Name Assignment ................................................................................................. 24
Table 5 Zone Layout ................................................................................................................................ 25
Table 6 Latency Time .............................................................................................................................. 26
Table 7 Drive ready time ........................................................................................................................ 26
Table 8 Mode transition times ................................................................................................................ 27
Table 9 Interface connector pins and I/O signals .................................................................................. 30
Table 10 Parameter descriptions ........................................................................................................... 31
Table 11 Temperature and humidity ..................................................................................................... 32
Table 12 Input voltage ............................................................................................................................ 34
Table 13 SATA power consumption ........................................................................................................ 35
Table 14 Allowable power supply noise limits at drive power connector ............................................ 36
Table 15 Power consumption efficiency ................................................................................................. 36
Table 16 Physical Dimensions ................................................................................................................ 39
Table 17 Random vibration PSD profile break points (operating) ...................................................... 41
Table 18 Random vibration (Rotational) PSD profile break points ..................................................... 41
Table 19 Random vibration PSD profile break points (nonoperating) ................................................ 42
Table 20 Sinusoidal shock wave ............................................................................................................. 43
Table 21 Rotational Shock ...................................................................................................................... 43
Table 22 Sound power levels .................................................................................................................. 44
Table 23 Alternate Status Register ........................................................................................................ 51
Table 24 Device Control Register ........................................................................................................... 52
Table 25 Device/Head Register ............................................................................................................... 53
Table 26 Error Register .......................................................................................................................... 53
Table 27 Status Register ......................................................................................................................... 55
Table 28 STATUS field ............................................................................................................................ 56
Table 29 ERROR field ............................................................................................................................. 59
Table 30 INTERRUPT REASON field ................................................................................................... 61
Table 31 Device Signatures for Normal Output.................................................................................... 63
Table 32 Device signatures for COUNT and LBA field ........................................................................ 63
Table 33 Reset Response ......................................................................................................................... 64
Table 34 Default Register Values ........................................................................................................... 65
Table 35 Diagnostic Codes ...................................................................................................................... 65
Table 36 Power conditions ...................................................................................................................... 68
Table 37 Command table for device lock operation -1 .......................................................................... 75
Table 38 Command table for device lock operation -2 .......................................................................... 76
Table 39 Command table for device lock operation -3 .......................................................................... 77
Table 40 Phy Event Counter Identifiers ................................................................................................ 85
Table 41 READ LOG EXT Log Page 11h data structure definition .................................................... 87
Table 42 NCQ NON-DATA – Command definition ............................................................................... 88
Table 43 Subcommand Field .................................................................................................................. 88
Table 44 NCQ NON-DATA Log (12h) data structure definition .......................................................... 90
Table 45 Rebuild Assist log (15h) data structure definition................................................................. 91
Table 46 SCT Log Page and direction .................................................................................................... 93
Table 47 Identify Device Information Word 206 ................................................................................... 93
Table 48 Output Registers of SCT Command Using SMART .............................................................. 95
Table 49 Input Registers of SCT Command Using SMART ................................................................ 95
Table 50 Input Registers of SCT Command Using Write Log Ext ...................................................... 96
Table 51 Output Registers of SCT Command Using Write Log Ext ................................................... 96
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Table 52 Key Sector Format ................................................................................................................... 97
Table 53 SCT Action Code List ............................................................................................................... 97
Table 54 Extended Status Code ............................................................................................................. 98
Table 55 Input Registers of SCT Data Transfer Using SMART .......................................................... 99
Table 56 Input Registers of SCT Data Transfer using Read/Write Log Ext ....................................... 99
Table 57 Input Registers of SCT Status Request Using SMART ...................................................... 100
Table 58 Input Registers of SCT Status Request Using Read Log Ext ............................................. 100
Table 59 Data Format of SCT Status Response -1 ............................................................................. 101
Table 60 Data Format of SCT Status Response -2 ............................................................................. 101
Table 61 SMART STATUS field ........................................................................................................... 102
Table 62 SCT Write Same (Inputs) ...................................................................................................... 103
Table 63 SCT Write Same (Outputs) ................................................................................................... 103
Table 64 Error Recovery Control command (Inputs) .......................................................................... 105
Table 65 Error Recovery Control command (Outputs) ....................................................................... 105
Table 66 Feature Control command (Inputs) ...................................................................................... 106
Table 67 Feature Control command (Outputs) ................................................................................... 106
Table 68 Feature Code List .................................................................................................................. 107
Table 69 SCT Data Table command (Inputs) ...................................................................................... 108
Table 70 SCT Data Table command (Outputs) ................................................................................... 108
Table 71 Table ID .................................................................................................................................. 108
Table 72 Data Format of HDA Absolute Temperature History Table -1 ........................................... 109
Table 73 Data Format of HDA Absolute Temperature History Table -2 ........................................... 109
Table 74 Extended Power Conditions Subcommands.......................................................................... 111
Table 75 Power Condition IDs ............................................................................................................... 111
Table 76 Summary of zone attributes ................................................................................................... 119
Table 77 Zone Type zone attribute ........................................................................................................ 119
Table 78 Relationships between zone attributes ................................................................................. 119
Table 79 Zone Condition zone attribute .............................................................................................. 120
Table 80 Zone Condition state machine functions .............................................................................. 127
Table 81 Characteristics and attributes associated with zone state ................................................. 127
Table 82 ZAC OPTIONS field ............................................................................................................... 136
Table 83 ZONE POST PROCESSING field ......................................................................................... 136
Table 84 Vendor Specific Data for Level 0 Discovery ......................................................................... 139
Table 85 Western Digital Default Values for ‘Admin SP’ C_PIN & ‘Locking SP’ C_PIN ................. 140
Table 86 Western Digital Implementation of K_AES_256 Table ....................................................... 140
Table 87 Western Digital Implementation of ‘Locking SP’ Access Control Table ............................. 141
Table 88 Western Digital Implementation of ‘Locking Info’ Table .................................................... 141
Table 89 Western Digital Implementation of ‘Locking SP’ Locking Table ........................................ 141
Table 90 Ports Functionality ................................................................................................................ 142
Table 91 Ports Table .............................................................................................................................. 142
Table 92 Modified ‘Admin SP’ ACE Table ............................................................................................ 143
Table 93 Modified ‘Admin SP’ Access Control Table (part 1 of 2) ...................................................... 143
Table 94 Modified ‘Admin SP’ Access Control Table (part 2 of 2) .................................................... 144
Table 95 Command table for TCG Enterprise device lock operation -1 ............................................ 146
Table 96 Command table for TCG Enterprise device lock operation -2 ............................................ 147
Table 97 Command table for TCG Enterprise device lock operation -3 ............................................ 148
Table 98 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -1 ..................................................................... 148
Table 99 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -2 ..................................................................... 148
Table 100 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -3 ................................................................... 149
Table 101 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -4 ................................................................... 149
Table 102 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -5 ................................................................... 149
Table 103 TCG Enterprise SSC Commands Behavior -6 ................................................................... 150
Table 104 Command Set ....................................................................................................................... 156
Table 105 Command Set –Continued– ................................................................................................ 157
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 106 Command Set –Continued– ................................................................................................ 158
Table 107 Command Set (Subcommand) ............................................................................................. 159
Table 108 Check Power Mode Command (E5h/98h) ........................................................................... 161
Table 109 Device Configuration Overlay Command (B1h) ................................................................ 163
Table 110 Device Configuration Overlay Features register values ................................................... 163
Table 111 Device Configuration Overlay Data structure ................................................................... 165
Table 112 Device Configuration Overlay Data structure –Continued- ............................................. 166
Table 113 DCO error information definition ....................................................................................... 166
Table 114 Download Microcode Command (92h) ................................................................................ 167
Table 115 Download Microcode DMA Command (93h) ...................................................................... 169
Table 116 Execute Device Diagnostic Command (90h) ...................................................................... 171
Table 117 Flush Cache Command (E7h) ............................................................................................. 172
Table 118 Flush Cache Ext Command (EAh) ...................................................................................... 174
Table 119 Format Unit Command (F7h) ............................................................................................. 176
Table 120 Identify Device Command (ECh) ........................................................................................ 178
Table 121 Identify device information ................................................................................................. 179
Table 122 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 180
Table 123 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 181
Table 124 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 182
Table 125 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 183
Table 126 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 183
Table 127 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 184
Table 128 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 186
Table 129 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 187
Table 130 Identify device information –Continued- ........................................................................... 188
Table 131 Idle Command (E3h/97h) .................................................................................................... 189
Table 132 Idle Immediate Command (E1h/95h) ................................................................................. 191
Table 133 Initialize Device Parameters Command (91h) ................................................................... 192
Table 134 NCQ Queue Management command (63h) ........................................................................ 193
Table 135 Abort NCQ Queue Subcommand (0h) ................................................................................ 194
Table 136 Abort Type Field .................................................................................................................. 195
Table 137 Deadline handling Subcommand (1h) ................................................................................ 196
Table 138 Read Buffer Command (E4h) .............................................................................................. 198
Table 139 Read Buffer DMA Command (E9h) .................................................................................... 199
Table 140 Read DMA Command (C8h/C9h) ........................................................................................ 200
Table 141 Read DMA Ext Command (25h) ......................................................................................... 202
Table 142 Read FPDMA Queued Command (60h) ............................................................................. 204
Table 143 Read Log Ext Command (2Fh) ............................................................................................ 206
Table 144 Log Address Definition ........................................................................................................ 207
Table 145 General Purpose Log Directory ........................................................................................... 208
Table 146 Extended Comprehensive SMART Error Log .................................................................... 209
Table 147 Extended Error log data structure ..................................................................................... 209
Table 148 Command data structure .................................................................................................... 210
Table 149 Error data structure ............................................................................................................. 211
Table 150 Defined Device Statistics log pages .................................................................................... 212
Table 151 List of supported Device Statistics log pages ..................................................................... 212
Table 152 General Statistics ................................................................................................................ 213
Table 153 Rotating Media Statistics .................................................................................................... 214
Table 154 General Error Statistics ...................................................................................................... 215
Table 155 Temperature Statistics (part 1 of 2) ................................................................................... 215
Table 156 Temperature Statistics (part 2 of 2) ................................................................................... 216
Table 157 Transport Statistics ............................................................................................................. 217
Table 158 Zoned Device Statistics ........................................................................................................ 218
Table 159 Extended Self-test log data structure ................................................................................. 222
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 160 Extended Self-test log descriptor entry .............................................................................. 223
Table 161 Idle power conditions ........................................................................................................... 223
Table 162 Standby power conditions (log page 01h) ........................................................................... 223
Table 163 Power Conditions log descriptor ......................................................................................... 224
Table 164 Command Error log (part 1 of 2) ......................................................................................... 226
Table 165 NCQ Command Error log (part 2 of 2) ............................................................................... 227
Table 166 Sector Configuration log ...................................................................................................... 228
Table 167 Sector Configuration descriptor .......................................................................................... 228
Table 168 Identify Device Data Log ..................................................................................................... 229
Table 169 List of supported IDENTIFY DEVICE data pages ........................................................... 229
Table 170 Capacity log page ................................................................................................................. 230
Table 171 Supported Capabilities log page ......................................................................................... 231
Table 172 Supported Capabilities log page –Continued- ................................................................... 232
Table 173 Current Settings log page ................................................................................................... 233
Table 174 Current Settings log page –Continued- .............................................................................. 234
Table 175 Strings log page .................................................................................................................... 234
Table 176 Security log page .................................................................................................................. 235
Table 177 Serial ATA log page .............................................................................................................. 236
Table 178 Zoned-device Information .................................................................................................... 237
Table 179 ZAC MINOR Version field ................................................................................................... 238
Table 180 Read Log DMA Ext Command (47h) .................................................................................. 239
Table 181 Read Multiple Commands (C4h)......................................................................................... 240
Table 182 Read Multiple Ext Command (29h) .................................................................................... 241
Table 183 Read Native Max ADDRESS (F8h) .................................................................................... 242
Table 184 Read Native Max Address Ext (27h) .................................................................................. 243
Table 185 Read Sector(s) Command (20h/21h) ................................................................................... 244
Table 186 Read Sector(s) Ext Command (24h).................................................................................... 245
Table 187 Read Verify Sector(s) Command (40h/41h) ........................................................................ 246
Table 188 Read Verify Sector(s) Ext Command (42h) ........................................................................ 247
Table 189 Recalibrate Command (1xh) ................................................................................................ 248
Table 190 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED ............................................................................................. 249
Table 191 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED subcommands .................................................................... 249
Table 192 NCQ Command Acceptance Normal Output ..................................................................... 249
Table 193 NCQ Normal Output ........................................................................................................... 250
Table 194 NCQ Command Acceptance Error ...................................................................................... 250
Table 195 NCQ Write Command Aborted Error ................................................................................. 251
Table 196 Request Sense Data Ext command (0Bh) .......................................................................... 252
Table 197 Crypto Scramble Ext Command (B4h/0011h) (data encryption model only) .................. 254
Table 198 Overwrite Ext Command (B4h/0014h) ............................................................................... 257
Table 199 Sanitize Freeze Lock Ext Command (B4h/0020h) ............................................................. 258
Table 200 Sanitize Status Ext Command (B4h/0000h) ...................................................................... 259
Table 201 Security Disable Password Command (F6h) ..................................................................... 260
Table 202 Password Information for Security Disable Password command .................................... 260
Table 203 Security Erase Prepare Command (F3h) ........................................................................... 261
Table 204 Security Erase Unit Command (F4h) ................................................................................. 262
Table 205 Erase Unit Information ....................................................................................................... 262
Table 206 Security Freeze Lock Command (F5h) ............................................................................... 264
Table 207 Security Set Password Command (F1h)............................................................................. 265
Table 208 Security Set Password Information .................................................................................... 265
Table 209 Security Unlock Command (F2h) ....................................................................................... 267
Table 210 Security Unlock Information............................................................................................... 267
Table 211 Seek Command (7xh) ........................................................................................................... 268
Table 212 SEND FPDMA QUEUED .................................................................................................... 269
Table 213 Sense Condition command (F0h) ........................................................................................ 270
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 214 Set Features Command (EFh) ............................................................................................ 271
Table 215 Restore Power Condition Settings subcommand ............................................................... 275
Table 216 Go To Power Condition subcommand ................................................................................. 277
Table 217 Set Power Condition Timer subcommand .......................................................................... 278
Table 218 Set Power Condition State subcommand ........................................................................... 280
Table 219 Enable the EPC feature subcommand ............................................................................... 281
Table 220 Disable the EPC feature subcommand ............................................................................... 282
Table 221 Set Max ADDRESS (F9h) .................................................................................................... 283
Table 222 Set Max set Password .......................................................................................................... 285
Table 223 Set Max Set Password data contents ................................................................................. 285
Table 224 Set Max Lock ........................................................................................................................ 286
Table 225 Set Max Unlock (F9h) .......................................................................................................... 287
Table 226 Set Max Freeze Lock (F9h) ................................................................................................. 288
Table 227 Set Max Address Ext Command (37h) ............................................................................... 289
Table 228 Set Multiple Mode Commands (C6h) ................................................................................. 291
Table 229 Set Sector Configuration Ext Commands (B2h) ................................................................ 292
Table 230 Sleep Command (E6h/99h) .................................................................................................. 293
Table 231 SMART Enable/Disable Attribute Autosave (B0h-D2h) ................................................... 295
Table 232 SMART Enable/Disable Attribute Autosave (B0h-D4h) ................................................... 296
Table 233 SMART Read Log Sector (B0h-D5h) .................................................................................. 298
Table 234 Log sector addresses ............................................................................................................ 299
Table 235 SMART Write Log (B0h-D6h) ............................................................................................. 300
Table 236 SMART Enable Operations (B0h-D8h) .............................................................................. 301
Table 237 SMART RETURN STATUS command (B0h-DAh) ............................................................ 302
Table 238 Device Attribute Data Structure ........................................................................................ 304
Table 239 Individual Attribute Data Structure .................................................................................. 305
Table 240 Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure ..................................................................... 308
Table 241 Individual Threshold Data Structure ................................................................................. 308
Table 242 SMART Log Directory ......................................................................................................... 309
Table 243 SMART summary error log sector ...................................................................................... 309
Table 244 Error log data structure ...................................................................................................... 310
Table 245 Command data structure .................................................................................................... 310
Table 246 Error data structure ............................................................................................................ 310
Table 247 Self-test log data structure ................................................................................................... 311
Table 248 Selective self-test log data structure .................................................................................. 312
Table 249 Selective self-test feature flags ........................................................................................... 312
Table 250 SMART Error Codes ............................................................................................................ 313
Table 251 Standby Command (E2h/96h) ............................................................................................. 314
Table 252 Standby Immediate Command (E0h/94h) .......................................................................... 315
Table 253 Write Buffer Command (E8h) ............................................................................................. 316
Table 254 Write Buffer DMA Command (EBh) .................................................................................. 317
Table 255 Write DMA Command (CAh/CBh) ...................................................................................... 318
Table 256 Write DMA FUA Ext Command (3Dh) .............................................................................. 319
Table 257 Write DMA Ext Command (35h) ........................................................................................ 321
Table 258 Write FPDMA Queued Command (61h) ............................................................................ 322
Table 259 Write Log Ext Command (3Fh) ........................................................................................... 324
Table 260 Write Log DMA Ext Command (57h).................................................................................. 326
Table 261 Write Multiple Command (C5h) ......................................................................................... 327
Table 262 Write Multiple Ext Command (39h) ................................................................................... 328
Table 263 Write Multiple FUA Ext Command (CEh) ......................................................................... 329
Table 264 Write Sector(s) Command (30h/31h) .................................................................................. 330
Table 265 Write Sector(s) Ext Command (34h) ................................................................................... 331
Table 266 Write Uncorrectable Ext Command (45h) .......................................................................... 332
Table 267 Zone management commands ............................................................................................. 333
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 268 ZAC Management In command template inputs .............................................................. 334
Table 269 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED command encapsulation for the inputs used by the ZAC
Management In command ................................................................................................... 334
Table 270 ZAC MANAGEMENT OUT command template inputs ................................................... 335
Table 271 NCQ NON-DATA command encapsulation for the inputs used by the ZAC Management
Out command ....................................................................................................................... 336
Table 272 SEND FPDMA QUEUED command encapsulation for the inputs used by the ZAC
Management Out command ................................................................................................ 336
Table 273 CLOSE ZONE EXT command inputs ................................................................................. 337
Table 274 FINISH ZONE EXT command inputs ................................................................................ 338
Table 275 OPEN ZONE EXT command inputs ................................................................................... 340
Table 276 REPORT ZONES EXT command inputs............................................................................ 342
Table 277 REPORTING OPTIONS field ............................................................................................. 343
Table 278 REPORT ZONES EXT inputs ............................................................................................. 344
Table 279 SAME field ........................................................................................................................... 344
Table 280 Zone descriptor format ........................................................................................................ 345
Table 281 ZONE TYPE field ................................................................................................................. 345
Table 282 ZONE CONDITION field .................................................................................................... 346
Table 283 RESET WRITE POINTERS EXT command inputs .......................................................... 347
Table 284 Generic ZAC Extended Normal Output ............................................................................. 349
Table 285 Generic ZAC Extended Error Output ................................................................................. 350
Table 286 Additional sense Codes ........................................................................................................ 351
Table 287 Sense key / code / qualifier .................................................................................................. 353
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
List of figures
Figure 1 Logical Layout example: Number of Block per Sector 4096 ................................................. 25
Figure 2 PList physical format ............................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3 Connector location.................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4 The timing of COMRESET, COMINIT and COMWAKE ...................................................... 31
Figure 5 Limits of temperature and altitude ........................................................................................ 32
Figure 6 Limits of temperature and humidity ...................................................................................... 33
Figure 7 Top and side views and mechanical dimensions .................................................................... 38
Figure 8 Bottom and side views with mounting hole locations ........................................................... 39
Figure 9 Connector locations .................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 10 Initial Setting ......................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 11 Usual Operation ..................................................................................................................... 73
Figure 12 Password Lost ........................................................................................................................ 74
Figure 13 Sanitize Device state machines ........................................................................................... 116
Figure 14 Zones in a zoned device ........................................................................................................ 118
Figure 15 Write pointer zone and write pointer after Reset Write Pointer function with no subsequent
writes ..................................................................................................................................... 121
Figure 16 Write pointer zone and write pointer example .................................................................. 121
Figure 17 Examples of write commands that do not start at the write pointer ............................... 122
Figure 18 Zone Condition state machine .............................................................................................. 128
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
1 General
Introduction
This document describes the specifications of the Ultrastar® DC HC650 a WESTERN DIGITAL 3.5-inch 7200-rpm
serial ATA / Serial Attached SCSI interface hard disk drive with the following model numbers:
Table 1 Type and Model#
Capacity
Type
Interface
Format
Model#
Description
P3 Power Disable
Supported
20TB
US7SAR200
Serial ATA
4k Native
WSH722020ALN6L1
SED*1
No
WSH722020ALN6L4
Base(SE)
*1
BDE+TCG w/ Instant Secure Erase
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
How to Read Model Numbers
WSH722020ALN6L4 – 20TB SATA 6Gb/s 4Kn Base (SE) with Legacy Pin 3 config
W = Western Digital
S = SMR Ultrastar
H = Helium
72 = 7200 RPM
20 = Max capacity (20TB)
20 = Capacity this model (20TB)
A = Generation code
L = 26.1mm z-height
N6 = Interface (4Kn SATA 6Gb/s)
** 4Kn models can be converted to 512e format and vice versa
(Note: Changing the block size does not change the HDD Model Number reported by the drive.)
y = Power Disable Pin 3 status
(0 = Power Disable Pin 3 support
L = Legacy Pin 3 config – No Power Disable Support)
z = Data Security Mode
0 = Instant Secure Erase
1 = SED*: Self-Encryption Drive
TCG-Enterprise and Sanitize Crypto Scramble / Erase
4 = Base (SE)*: No Encryption, Sanitize Overwrite only
5 = SED-FIPS: SED w/ certification (SAS only)
* ATA Security Feature Set comes standard on SATA
** See section 12.46 Set Sector Configuration Ext
One TB equals one trillion bytes.
Actual user capacity may be less due to operating environment.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Glossary
ADM
Automatic Drive Maintenance
DFT
Drive Fitness Test
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
GB
1,000,000,000 bytes
Gbps
1,000,000,000 bits per second
ISE
Instant Secure Erase
KiB
1,024 bytes
Kbpi
1,000 bits per inch
Ktpi
1,000 tracks per inch
MiB
1,048,576 bytes
MB/s
1,000,000 bytes per second
Mbps
1,000,000 bits per second
MiB/s
1,048,576 bytes per second
PI
Protection Information
PSID
Physical presence Security ID
S.M.A.R.T.
Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology
SE
Secure Erase
SED
Self-Encrypting Drive
TB
1,000,000,000,000 bytes
TCG
Trusted Computing Group
General caution
Do not apply force to the top cover. Handle the drive by its edges or frame only.
Do not touch the interface connector pins or the surface of the print circuit board.
The drive can be damaged by shock or ESD (Electrostatic Discharge). Any damage sustained by the drive after
removal from the shipping package and opening the ESD protective bag are the responsibility of the user.
References
Serial ATA II: Extensions to Serial ATA 1.0
Serial ATA International Organization: Serial ATA Revision 3.3
Supported Zoned Device ATA Command Set - 2 (ZAC-2) (di549r1c). Zone Domains feature set and Zone
Realms feature set is not supported.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
2 General features
Host Managed SMR (Shingled Magnetic Recording)
Data capacity of 20TB
Spindle speeds of 7200 RPM
Fluid Dynamic Bearing motor
Triple Stage Actuator
Closed-loop actuator servo
Load/Unload mechanism, non head disk contact start/stop
Automatic Actuator lock
Write Cache
Power saving modes/Low RPM idle mode (APM)
S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring and Analysis Reporting Technology)
Adaptive zone formatting
RVS(Rotational Vibration Safeguard)
512MiB Memory
Conventional Zone 1% of Total Capacity
256MiB zone size (Conventional/Sequential Write required)
UnRestricted Sequential Write Required Zone default setting to be 1
Intelligent Write Verify for SMR Technology
Segmented buffer implementation
Automatic Error Recovery procedures for read and write commands
Automatic defect reallocation
PSID support
Sector format of 512 bytes/sector,4096 bytes/sector
Native command queuing support
Self-Diagnostics at Power on.
Serial ATA Data Transfer 6/3/1.5Gbps
CHS and LBA mode
Security feature support
48 bit addressing feature
Full Disk Encryption support (specific model only)
Supported Zoned Device ATA Command Set - 2 (ZAC-2) (di549r1c). Zone Domains feature set and Zone
Realms feature set is not supported.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Part 1. Functional specification
Page 22
22
Hard Disk Drive Specification
3 Fixed disk subsystem description
Control Electronics
The drive is electronically controlled by a microprocessor, several logic modules, digital/analog modules, and various
drivers and receivers. The control electronics performs the following major functions:
Controls and interprets all interface signals between the host controller and the drive.
Controls read write accessing of the disk media, including defect management and error recovery.
Controls starting, stopping, and monitoring of the spindle.
Conducts a power-up sequence and calibrates the servo.
Analyzes servo signals to provide closed loop control. These include position error signal and estimated
velocity.
Monitors the actuator position and determines the target track for a seek operation.
Controls the voice coil motor driver to align the actuator in a desired position.
Constantly monitors error conditions of the servo and takes corresponding action if an error occurs.
Monitors various timers such as head settle and servo failure.
Performs self-checkout (diagnostics).
Head disk assembly
The head disk assembly (HDA) is assembled in a clean room environment and contains the disks and actuator
assembly. Helium is constantly circulated and filtered when the drive is operational. No venting of the HDA is
accomplished, as HDA is hermetically sealed.
The spindle is driven directly by an in-hub, brushless, sensor less DC drive motor. Dynamic braking is used to quickly
stop the spindle.
Actuator
The read/write heads are mounted in the actuator. The actuator is a swing-arm assembly driven by a voice coil motor.
A closed-loop positioning servo controls the movement of the actuator. An embedded servo pattern supplies feedback
to the positioning servo to keep the read/write heads centered over the desired track.
The actuator assembly is balanced to allow vertical or horizontal mounting without adjustment.
When the drive is powered off, the actuator automatically moves the head to the actuator ramp outside of the disk
where it parks.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
4 Drive characteristics
This section describes the characteristics of the drive.
Default logical drive parameters
The default of the logical drive parameters in Identify Device data is as shown below.
Table 2 Formatted capacity
Description
20TB model
Physical Layout
Label capacity
20TB
20TB
Bytes per Sector
4,096
4,096
Number of Heads
18
18
Number of Disks
9
9
Logical Layout
1
Bytes per Sector
512
4,096
Number of Sectors
39,063,650,304
4,882,956,288
Total Logical Data Bytes
20,000,588,955,648
20,000,588,955,648
Notes:
1
Logical layout: Logical layout is an imaginary drive parameter (that is, the number of heads) which is used to
access the drive from the system interface. The Logical layout to Physical layout (that is, the actual Head and
Sectors) translation is done automatically in the drive. The default setting can be obtained by issuing an IDENTIFY
DEVICE command
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Data sheet
Table 3 Data sheet
Description
20TB Model
Max Data transfer rate (Mbps)
2,250
Max Interface transfer rate (MB/s)
600
Max Sustained transfer rate (MB/s)
250
Max Sustained transfer rate (MiB/s)
238
Memory size (MiB)
512
Rotational speed (RPM)
7,200
Recording density- max (Kbpi)
2,000
Track density (Ktpi)
580
Areal density - max (Gbits/in2)
1,160
World Wide Name Assignment
Table 4 World Wide Name Assignment
Description
WWN
Organizationally Unique Identifier(OUI)
000CCAh (for WESTERN DIGITAL)
SHBU Block Assignment
284h,285h,286h,295h,29Dh,29Eh,29Fh,2A0h,2A1h
(Thailand)
Drive organization
4.4.1 Drive Format
Upon shipment from WESTERN DIGITAL manufacturing the drive satisfies the sector continuity in the physical
format by means of the defect flagging strategy described in Section 5 on page 28 in order to provide the maximum
performance to users.
4.4.2 Cylinder allocation
Physical cylinder is calculated from the starting data track of 0. It is not relevant to logical CHS. Depending on the
capacity some of the inner zone cylinders are not allocated.
Data cylinder
This cylinder contains the user data which can be sent and retrieved via read/write commands and a spare area for
reassigned data.
Spare cylinder
The spare cylinder is used by WESTERN DIGITAL manufacturing and includes data sent from a defect location.
4.4.3 Zone Layout
The LBAs are divided into ranges called zones.
The entire capacity of a zoned block device is organized into a set of contiguous, non-overlapping zones.
Zone size 256MiB
Conventional Zone 1% of Total Capacity
Sequential write required zone 99% of Total Capacity
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Table 5 Zone Layout
Description
20TB model
Logical Layout
Bytes per Sector
512
4096
Number of Conventional Zone
746
746
Start LBA 0 0
End LBA
391,118,847
48,889,855
Number of Sequential write
required zone
73,762
73,762
Start LBA
391,118,848
48,889,856
End LBA
39,063,650,303
4,882,956,287
Number of Sectors
39,063,650,304
4,882,956,288
Conventional zone
↓ LBA 0 LBA 48,889,855↓
Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2
…
Zone 745
Sequential write required/ zone
↓ LBA 48,889,856 LBA 4,882,956,287↓
Zone 746
Zone 747
Zone 748
…
Zone 74507
Figure 1 Logical Layout example: Number of Block per Sector 4096
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Performance characteristics
Drive performance is characterized by the following parameters:
Command overhead
Mechanical positioning
- Latency
Data transfer speed
Buffering operation (Look ahead/Write cache)
All the above parameters contribute to drive performance. There are other parameters that contribute to the
performance of the actual system. This specification defines the characteristics of the drive, not the characteristics
of the system throughput which depends on the system and the application.
The terms “Typical” and “Max” are used throughout this specification with the following meanings:
Typical. The average of the drive population tested at nominal environmental and voltage conditions.
Max. The maximum value measured on any one drive over the full range of the environmental and voltage
conditions. (See Section 6.2, “Environment” and Section 6.3, “DC Power Requirements”)
4.5.1 Mechanical positioning
4.5.1.1 Average latency
Table 6 Latency Time
Rotational speed
Time for a revolution (ms)
Average latency (ms)
7200 RPM
8.3
4.16
4.5.2 Drive ready time
Table 7 Drive ready time
Power on to ready
Typical (sec)
Maximum (sec)
9 Disk model
25
30
Ready
The condition in which the drive is able to perform a media access command (such as read, write)
immediately
Power on
This includes the time required for the internal self-diagnostics.
Notes: The typical and maximum drive ready time in the table are for proper power shutdown using the Required
Power-Off Sequence. In the event of an EPO (Emergency Power Off), the drive ready times in the table can be
exceeded by as much as 2s-4s. The additional time is used to condition the drive for user data access. The actual
time may vary depending on the drive pre-condition before the EPO event.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
4.5.3 Operating modes
4.5.3.1 Operating mode descriptions
Operating mode
Description
Spin up
Period of time from 0 rpm to full rpm
Start up
Period of time from power on to drive ready.
Seek
Seek operation mode
Write
Write operation mode
Read
Read operation mode
Active
Drive is able to perform a media access command (such as read, write) immediately
Idle_0
Drive Ready, but not performing IO, drive may power down selected electronics to reduce
power without increasing response time
Idle_A
Drive Ready, but not performing IO, drive may power down selected electronics to reduce
power without increasing response time
Idle_B
Spindle rotation at 7200 RPM with heads unloaded
Idle_C/Standby_Y
Spindle rotation at Low RPM with heads unloaded
Standby_Z
Actuator is unloaded and spindle motor is stopped. Commands can be received immediately
Sleep (SATA)
Actuator is unloaded and spindle motor is stopped. Only soft reset or hard reset can change
the mode to standby_z
Note: Upon power down or spindle stop a head locking mechanism will secure the heads in the OD parking
position.
4.5.3.2 Mode transition times
Mode transition times are shown below
Table 8 Mode transition times
From
To
RPM
Typical (sec)
Idle_B
Active
7200
1.5
Idle_C
Active
6300 -> 7200
4
Standby_Y
Active
6300 -> 7200
4
Standby_Z
Active
0 > 7200
15
Note: Maximum transition time of 30 Seconds based on drive timeout value
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
5 Defect flagging strategy
Media defects are remapped to the next available sector during the Format Process in manufacturing. The mapping
from LBA to the physical locations is calculated by an internally maintained table.
5.1 Shipped format
Data areas are optimally used.
No extra sector is wasted as a spare throughout user data areas.
All pushes generated by defects are absorbed by the spare tracks of the inner zone.
Figure 2 PList physical format
Defects are skipped without any constraint, such as track or cylinder boundary. The calculation from LBA to physical
is done automatically by internal table.
N N+1 N+2 N+3
defect defect
skip
skip
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6 Specification
6.1 Electrical interface
6.1.1 Connector location
Refer to the following illustration to see the location of the connectors.
Figure 3 Connector location
6.1.1.1 Signal connector
A Serial ATA device may be either directly connected to a host or connected to a host through a cable.
For direct connection, the device plug connector is inserted directly into a backplane connector. The device plug
connector and the backplane connector incorporate features that enable the direct connection to be hot pluggable
and blind mate able.
For connection via cable, the device signal plug connector mates with the signal cable receptacle connector on one
end of the cable. The signal cable receptacle connector on the other end of the cable is inserted into a host signal
plug connector. The signal cable wire consists of two twinax sections in a common outer sheath.
Besides the signal cable, there is also a separate power cable for the cabled connection. A Serial ATA power cable
includes a power cable receptacle connector on one end and may be directly connected to the host power supply
on the other end or may include a power cable receptacle on the other end. The power cable receptacle connector
on one end of the power cable mates with the device power plug connector. The other end of the power cable is
attached to the host as necessary.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.1.2 Signal definition
SATA has receivers and drivers to be connected to Tx+/- and Rx +/- Serial data signal.
Defines the signal names of I/O connector pin and signal name.
Table 9 Interface connector pins and I/O signals
No.
Plug Connector pin definition
Signal
I/O
Signal
S1
GND
2nd mate
Gnd
S2
A+
Differential signal A from Phy
RX+
Input
S3
A- RX-
Input
S4
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
S5
B-
Differential signal B from Phy
TX-
Output
S6
B+ TX+
Output
S7
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
Key and spacing separate signal and power
segments
Power
P1
Reserved*
NOT USED (P1 and P2 tied internally)
Reserve
P2
Reserved*
Not USED (P1 and P2 tied internally)
Reserve
P3
Reserved* or
PWDIS* (option)
Not USED (P1, P2 and P3 tied internally)
or
Enter/Exit Power Disable (option)
Reserve
or
PWDIS
P4
Gnd
1st mate
Gnd
P5
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
P6
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
P7
V5
5V power,pre-charge,2nd Mate
5V
P8
V5
5V power
5V
P9
V5
5V power
5V
P10
Gnd
2nd mate
Gnd
P11
Reserved
Support staggered spin-up and LED activity
VDih max=2.1V
Reserve
P12
Gnd
1st mate
Gnd
P13
V12
12V power,pre-chage,2nd mate
V12
P14
V12
12V power
V12
P15
V12
12V power
V12
* SATA Specification Revision 3.1 and prior revisions assigned 3.3V to pins P1, P2 and P3. In addition, device
plug pins P1, P2, and P3 were required to be bused together. In the standard configuration of this product,
P3 is connected with P1 and P2 and this product behaves as SATA 3.1 or prior version product in a system
designed to SATA 3.2 system that does not support the 3.3 feature. For product with the optional SATA 3.3 Power
Disable Feature supported, P3 is now assigned as the POWER DISABLE CONTROL PIN. If P3 is driven HIGH
(2.1V-3.6V max), power to the drive circuitry will be disabled. Drives with this optional feature WILL NOT POWER
UP in systems designed to SATA Spec Revision 3.1 or earlier because P3 driven HIGH will prevent the drive from
powering up.
6.1.2.1 TX+ / TX-
These signals are the outbound high-speed differential signals that are connected to the serial ATA cable
6.1.2.2 RX+ / RX-
These signals are the inbound high-speed differential signals that are connected to the serial ATA cable.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.1.2.3 5V PRECHARGE
+5 Vdc that is available on the extended pins. It is used for PRECHARGE when connected to backplane
incorporated feature.
6.1.2.4 12V PRECHARGE
+12 Vdc that is available on the extended pins. It is used for PRECHARGE when connected to backplane
incorporated feature.
6.1.3 Out of band signaling
Figure 4 The timing of COMRESET, COMINIT and COMWAKE
Table 10 Parameter descriptions
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Nominal (ns)
t1
ALIGN primitives
106.7
t2
Spacing
320
t3
ALIGN primitives
106.7
t4
Spacing
106.7
COMRESET/COMINIT
t1
t2
t3
t4
COMWAKE
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.2 Environment
6.2.1 Temperature and humidity
Table 11 Temperature and humidity
System Responsibility
The system is responsible for maintaining a drive sensor temperature below 65C. Drive sensor
temperature is as reported using SMART SCT.
Operating ambient conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity
Maximum wet bulb temperature
Maximum temperature gradient
Altitude
5 to 60°C
8 to 90% non-condensing
29.4°C non-condensing
20°C/Hour
–300 to 3,048 m
Non-Operating conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity
Maximum wet bulb temperature
Maximum temperature gradient
Altitude
-40 to 70°C (Storage 0 to 70°C)
5 to 95% non-condensing
35°C non-condensing
30°C/Hour
–300 to 12,000 m (Inside dashed-dotted line of Figure 5)
Notes:
1. Non condensing conditions should be maintained at any time.
Figure 5 Limits of temperature and altitude
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Figure 6 Limits of temperature and humidity
6.2.2 Storage Requirements
6.2.2.1 Packaging
The drive or option kit must be heat-sealed in a moisture barrier bag with bag supplied by WESTERN DIGITAL.
6.2.2.2 Storage Time
The drive may not remain inoperative for a period of more than one year whether or not the original shipping package
is opened.
6.2.3 Corrosion test
The drive shows no sign of corrosion inside and outside of the hard disk assembly and is functional after being
subjected to seven days at 50°C with 90% relative humidity.
6.2.4 Atmospheric condition
Environments that contain elevated levels of corrosives (e.g. hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, or hydrochloric acid)
should be avoided. Care must be taken to avoid using any compound/material in a way that creates an elevated level
of corrosive materials in the atmosphere surrounding the disk drive. Care must also be taken to avoid use of any
organometallic (e.g. organosilicon or organotin) compound/material in a way that creates elevated vapor levels of
these compounds/materials in the atmosphere surrounding the disk drive.
Temperature (degC)
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34
Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.3 DC power requirements
Damage to the drive electronics may result if the power supply cable is connected or disconnected to the legacy
Power connector while power is being applied to the drive (no hot plug/unplug is allowed). If SATA power supply
cable is connected or disconnected to the SATA power connector, hot plug/unplug is allowed.
Table values for current and power are considered ‘typical’ values. Typical is defined as observed average or
observed maximum in a sample of 6 drives per model under voltage conditions of 5.0V and 12.0V at the drive
reported temperatures as noted.
6.3.1 Input voltage
Table 12 Input voltage
Input voltage
During run and
spin up
Absolute max
spike voltage
Supply rise time
+5 Volts Supply
5V ± 5%
–0.3 to 5.5V
0 to 200ms
+12 Volts Supply
12V ± 5%
–0.3 to 15.0V
0 to 400ms
Caution: To avoid damage to the drive electronics, power supply voltage spikes must not exceed specifications.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.3.2 Power supply current
Table 13 SATA power consumption
Serial ATA @ 6Gb/sec
20TB Model
IO/Sec
+5V Current
+12V Current
Power
(Amp)
(Amp)
(Watts)
Max Peak Operational [4]
0.86
1.88
Start up Peak DC [1]
0.60
1.60
Start up Peak AC
0.76
1.91
Idle_0 Ave.
0.35
0.32
5.5
Idle Ripple
0.09
0.03
Random Read 4KB Qd=1 Peak [4]
0.73
1.85
Random Read 4KB Qd=1 Ave.
85
0.38
0.50
7.9
Random Read 4KB Qd=4 Peak [4]
0.74
1.86
Random Read 4KB Qd=4 Ave.
100
0.38
0.55
8.5
Max Power Workload [5]
Random Read 4KB Qd=8 Peak [4]
0.74
1.88
Random Read 4KB Qd=8 Ave.
147
0.38
0.60
9.2
Random SMR Zone Workload [7]
Rnd SMR Zone Wr 128z 64K QD=1 WCE=1 Peak
0.72
1.66
Rnd SMR Zone Wr 128z 64K QD=1 WCE=1
1283
0.51
0.36
6.9
Sequential Read Peak [4]
MiBS [6]
0.86
Sequential Read Ave. [2]
237
0.69
0.32
7.3
Sequential Write Peak [4]
0.67
Sequential Write Ave. [2]
238
0.58
0.36
7.2
Power Save Mode
+5V Current
+12V Current
Power
Power Saved
(Amp)
(Amp)
(Watts)
(Watts) [3]
Idle_A
0.35
0.32
5.5
0.0
Idle_B
0.21
0.21
3.6
1.9
Idle_C
0.21
0.17
3.1
2.4
Standby_Y
0.20
0.20
3.1
2.4
Standby_Z
0.20
0.00
1.1
4.4
Sleep
0.20
0.00
1.1
4.4
PHY power condition
Port A Power Saved (Watts)
Partial
0.1
Slumber
0.2
Notes
Sample size
6 HDD per model
Temperature
DE temperature = 40degC (25degC for Spin up)
Write Cache Enable
Off
Bandwidth
All measurements are bandwidth limited to 20MHz
PHY
Single port, 6Gb/s
[1] 200mS windowed average
[2] Max transfer rate
[3] Power saved compared to Idle_0
[4] Maximum single peak in test samples
[5] Maximum power workload
[6] Indicates 20TB Throughput rates
[7] Randomized SMR zone rather than Randomized sectors
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.3.3 Power line noise limits
Table 14 Allowable power supply noise limits at drive power connector
Noise Voltage (mV pp)
Frequency Range
+5V DC
250
100Hz-20MHz
+12V DC
800
100Hz-8KHz
450
8KHz-100KHz
250
100KHz-20MHz
During drive operation, both 5 and 12-volt ripple are generated by the drive due to dynamic loading of the power
supply. This voltage ripple will add to existing power supply voltage ripple. The sum is the power line noise.
To prevent significant performance loss, the power line noise level when measured at the drive power connector
should be kept below the limits in the above table.
6.3.4 Power Consumption Efficiency
Table 15 Power consumption efficiency
Power Consumption
Efficiency at Idle
SATA
W/TB
0.275
W/GB
0.000275
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.4 Reliability
6.4.1 Mean time between failures / Annualized failure rate
2.5M hour MTBF / 0.35% AFR (projected) rating, MTBF and AFR specifications are based on a sample population
and are estimated by statistical measurements and acceleration algorithms under typical operating conditions,
workload 220TB/year and temperature 40C. Derating of MTBF and AFR will occur above these parameters, up to
550TB writes per year and 60C ambient (65C device temp). MTBF and AFR ratings do not predict an individual drive’s
reliability and do not constitute a warranty.
6.4.2 Data integrity
When the write cache option is disabled, no customer data is lost during power loss. If the write cache option is
active or has been recently used, some data loss can occur during power loss. To prevent the loss of data at power
off; confirm the successful completion of a FLUSH CACHE (E7h) or FLUSH CACHE EXT (EAh) command.
6.4.3 Cable noise interference
To avoid any degradation of performance throughput or error rate when the interface cable is routed on top or comes
in contact with the HDA assembly, the drive must be grounded electrically to the system frame by four screws. The
common mode noise or voltage level difference between the system frame and power cable ground or AT interface
cable ground should be in the allowable level specified in the power requirement section.
6.4.4 Load/Unload
The product supports a minimum of 600,000 normal load/unloads in a 40° C environment.
Load/unload is invoked by transition of the HDD's power mode. (Chapter 4.5.3 Operating modes)
Idle (Idle_A) <-> unload idle (Idle_B)
Idle (Idle_A) <-> Low rpm idle (Idle_C)
6.4.5 Start/stop cycles
The drive withstands a minimum of 50,000 start/stop cycles in a 40° C environment and a minimum of 10,000
start/stop cycles in extreme temperature or humidity within the operating range.
6.4.6 Preventive maintenance
None
6.4.7 Data reliability
Probability of not recovering data is 1 in 1015 bits read.
LDPC on the fly/ offline data correction
4608 bit LDPC
This implementation recovers maximum 2500 bits single burst error by on the fly correction and maximum
3500 bits single burst error by offline correction
6.4.8 Required Power-Off Sequence
The required sequence for removing power from the drive is as follows:
Step 1: Issue one of the following commands.
Standby
Standby immediate
Sleep
Note: Do not use the Flush Cache command for the power off sequence because this command does not invoke
Unload
Step 2: Wait until the Command Complete status is returned. However, the time out value needs to be 60 seconds
considering error recovery time.
Step 3: Terminate power to HDD.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.5 Mechanical specifications
6.5.1 Physical dimensions
Figure 7 Top and side views and mechanical dimensions
All dimensions are in millimeters.
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39
Hard Disk Drive Specification
Figure 8 Bottom and side views with mounting hole locations
All dimensions in the above figure are in millimeters.
The following table shows the physical dimensions of the drive.
Table 16 Physical Dimensions
Height (mm)
Width (mm)
Length (mm)
Weight (grams)
26.1 MAX
101.6 ± 0.25
147 MAX
690 MAX
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.5.2 Connector locations
Figure 9 Connector locations
6.5.3 Drive mounting
The drive will operate in all axes (6 directions). Performance and error rate will stay within specification limits if the
drive is operated in other orientations than that in which it was formatted.
For reliable operation, the drive must be mounted in the system securely enough to prevent excessive motion or
vibration of the drive during seek operation or spindle rotation, using appropriate screws or equivalent mounting
hardware.
The recommended mounting screw torque is 0.6 - 1.0 Nm (6-10 Kgf.cm).
The recommended mounting screw depth is 3.8 mm maximum for bottom and 3.56 mm maximum for horizontal
mounting.
Drive level vibration test and shock test are to be conducted with the drive mounted to the table using the bottom four
screws.
6.5.4 Heads unload and actuator lock
Heads are moved out from disks (unload) to protect the disk data during shipping, moving, or storage. Upon power
down, the heads are automatically unloaded from disk area and the locking mechanism of the head actuator will
secure the heads in unload position.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.6 Vibration and shock
All vibration and shock measurements recorded in this section are made with a drive that has no mounting
attachments for the systems. The input power for the measurements is applied to the normal drive mounting points.
6.6.1 Operating vibration
6.6.1.1 Random vibration (Linear)
The test is 30 minutes of random vibration using the power spectral density (PSD) levels shown below in each of
three mutually perpendicular axes. The disk drive will operate without a hard error when subjected to the below
random vibration levels.
Table 17 Random vibration PSD profile break points (operating)
Frequency
5 Hz
17 Hz
45 Hz
48 Hz
62 Hz
65 Hz
150 Hz
200 Hz
500 Hz
RMS
(m/sec2)
[(m/sec2)2/Hz]
1.9 x
10E–3
1.1 x
10E–1
1.1 x
10E–1
7.7 x
10E–1
7.7 x
10E–1
9.6 x
10E–2
9.6 x
10E–2
4.8 x
10E–2
4.8 x
10E-2
6.57
The overall RMS (root mean square) level is 6.57 m/sec2 (0.67 G).
6.6.1.2 Swept sine vibration (Linear)
The drive will meet the criteria shown below while operating in the specified conditions:
No hard error occur with 4.9 m/sec2 (0.5 G) 0 to peak, 5 to 300 to 5 Hz sine wave, 0.5 oct/min sweep rate with
3-minute dwells at two major resonances
No hard error occurs with 9.8 m/sec2 (1 G) 0 to peak, 5 to 300 to 5 Hz sine wave, 0.5 oct/min sweep rate with
3-minute dwells at two major resonances
6.6.1.3 Random vibration (Rotational)
The drive will meet the criteria shown below while operating in the specified conditions:
Less than 20% Performance degradation
The overall RMS (Root Mean Square) level of vibration is 12.5 Rad/sec2. PSD profile is shown below.
Table 18 Random vibration (Rotational) PSD profile break points
Frequency
20 Hz
100 Hz
200 Hz
800 Hz
1000 Hz
1500 Hz
1700 Hz
2000 Hz
RMS
(Rad/s2)
[(Rad/s2) 2/Hz]
1.90E-02
1.90E-02
1.87E-01
1.87E-01
5.33E-02
7.70E-03
4.00E-03
4.00E-03
12.5
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.6.2 Nonoperating vibration
The drive does not sustain permanent damage or loss of previously recorded data after being subjected to the
environment described below
6.6.2.1 Random vibration
The test consists of a random vibration applied for each of three mutually perpendicular axes with the time duration
of 10 minutes per axis. The PSD levels for the test simulate the shipping and relocation environment shown below.
The overall RMS (Root Mean Square) level of vibration is 10.2 m/sec2 (1.04 G).
Table 19 Random vibration PSD profile break points (nonoperating)
Frequency
2 Hz
4 Hz
8 Hz
40 Hz
55 Hz
70 Hz
200 Hz
[(m/sec2)2/Hz]
0.096
2.89
2.89
0.289
0.962
0.962
0.096
6.6.2.2 Swept sine vibration
19.6 m/sec2 (2 G) (Zero to peak), 5 to 500 to 5 Hz sine wave
0.5 oct/min sweep rate
3 minutes dwell at two major resonances
6.6.3 Operating shock
The drive meets the following criteria while operating in the conditions described below. The shock test consists of
10 shock inputs in each axis and direction for total of 60. There must be a delay between shock pulses long enough
to allow the drive to complete all necessary error recovery procedures.
No hard error occurs with a 98.1 m/sec2 (10 G) half-sine shock pulse of 11 ms duration
No hard error occurs with a 294 m/sec2 (30 G) half-sine shock pulse of 4 ms duration.
No hard error occurs with a 490 m/sec2 (50 G, write), 490 m/sec2 (50 G, read) half-sine shock pulse of 2 ms
duration
6.6.4 Nonoperating shock
The drive will operate without non-recoverable errors after being subjected to shock pulses with the following
characteristics.
6.6.4.1 Trapezoidal shock wave
Approximate square (trapezoidal) pulse shape
Approximate rise and fall time of pulse is1 ms
Average acceleration level is 490 m/sec2 (50 G). (Average response curve value during the time following the 1
ms rise time and before the 1 ms fall with a time "duration of 11 ms")
Minimum velocity change is 4.23 m/sec
Page 43
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.6.4.2 Sinusoidal shock wave
The shape is approximately half-sine pulse. The figure below shows the maximum acceleration level and duration.
Table 20 Sinusoidal shock wave
Acceleration level (m/sec2)
Duration (ms)
2450(250G)
2
1470(150G)
11
6.6.5 Nonoperating Rotational shock
All shock inputs shall be applied around the actuator pivot axis.
Table 21 Rotational Shock
Duration
Rad/sec2
1 ms
30,000
2 ms
20,000
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.7 Acoustics
The upper limit criteria of the octave sound power levels are given in Bels relative to one picowatt and are shown in
the following table. The sound power emission levels are measured in accordance with ISO 7779.
Table 22 Sound power levels
Mode
7200rpm (Typical / Max)
Idle
2.0 / 2.5
Operating
3.6 / 4.0
Mode definition:
Idle mode.
The drive is powered on, disks spinning, track following, unit ready to receive and respond to
interface commands.
Operating mode.
Continuous random cylinder selection and seek operation of the actuator with a dwell time at
each cylinder. The seek rate for the drive is to be calculated as shown below:
Dwell time = 0.5 x 60/RPM
Seek rate = 0.4 / (Average seek time + Dwell time)
6.8 Identification labels
The following labels are affixed to every drive shipped from the drive manufacturing location in accordance with the
appropriate hard disk drive assembly drawing:
A label containing the Western Digital logo and the part number
A label containing the drive model number, the manufacturing date code, the formatted capacity, the place of
manufacture, certification logos from various safety agencies (e.g. UL/CSA/CE/RCM, etc.)
A bar code label containing the drive serial number
A label containing the jumper pin description
A user designed label per agreement
The above labels may be integrated with other labels.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.9 Safety
6.9.1 UL and CSA standard conformity
The product is qualified per UL60950-1：Second Edition and CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.60950-1-07 Second Edition, for
use in Information Technology Equipment including Electric Business Equipment.
The UL recognition or the CSA certification is maintained for the product life
The UL and C-UL certification mark is on the drive.
6.9.2 EU Safety standard conformity
The product is approved by TUV complying EN60950-1：2006+A11+A1+A12+A2 and EN 62368-1 : 2014 standards
6.9.3 Flammability
The printed circuit boards used in this product are made of material with the UL recognized flammability rating of V1 or better. The flammability rating is marked or etched on the board. All other parts not considered electrical
components are made of material with the UL recognized flammability rating of V-2 minimum.
6.9.4 Safe handling
The product is conditioned for safe handling in regards to sharp edges and corners.
6.9.5 Substance restriction requirements
The product complies with the Directive 2011/65/EU and Directive (EU) 2015/863 on the restriction of the use of
certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS),
the Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) updated candidates of European Union Regulation 1907/2006 on the
Registration Evaluation Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH),
China RoHS Directive, Taiwan BSMI and with Halogen free requirements based on the electronics industry standard,
IEC 61249-2-21 (http://www.iec.ch/).
6.9.6 Secondary circuit protection
The product contains both 5V and 12V over-current protection circuitry.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.10 Electromagnetic compatibility
When installed in a suitable enclosure and exercised with a random accessing routine at maximum data rate, the
drive meets the following worldwide EMC requirements:
United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Code of Federal Regulations, Part 15 (Class B)
EN 55032: Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment - Emission Requirements
EN 55035: Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment - Immunity requirements
6.10.1 CE Mark
The product is declared to be in conformity with requirements of the following EC directives.
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU on electromagnetic compatibility.
RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU and (EU) 2015/863 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in
electrical and electronic equipment
6.10.2 RCM Mark
The product complies with the standard of Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment – Emission
requirements, EN 55032, which is required by Australian Communications and Media Authority.
6.10.3 BSMI Mark
The product complies with the Taiwan’s EMC standard of information technology equipment – Radio disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methodsof measurement, CNS 13438 Class B.
6.10.4 KC Mark
The product complies with the Korean EMC standards of KN32 for Emission and KN35 for Immunity. The product is
registered under Broadcasting and Communication Equipments.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.11 Third Party Open Source Licenses
This product may include or use the following open source software subject to the following open source licenses. If
required by the applicable open source license, Western Digital may provide the open source code to you on request
either electronically or on a physical storage medium for a charge covering the cost of performing such distribution,
which may include the cost of media, shipping, and handling.
Each third-party component that may be included is listed below, followed by its associated license text.
6.11.1 bzip2
https://sourceware.org/bzip2/
This program, "bzip2", the associated library "libbzip2", and all documentation, are copyright (C) 1996-2010 Julian R
Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software.
If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated
but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original
software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, jseward@bzip.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.6 of 6 September 2010
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
6.11.2 PCRE
https://www.pcre.org/
PCRE LICENCE
-----------PCRE is a library of functions to support regular expressions whose syntax and semantics are as close as possible
to those of the Perl 5 language.
Release 5 of PCRE is distributed under the terms of the "BSD" licence, as specified below. The documentation for
PCRE, supplied in the "doc" directory, is distributed under the same terms as the software itself.
Written by: Philip Hazel <ph10@cam.ac.uk>
University of Cambridge Computing Service,
Cambridge, England. Phone: +44 1223 334714.
Copyright (c) 1997-2004 University of Cambridge
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the
following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of the University of Cambridge nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or
promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY
WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
Part 2. Interface specification
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
7 General
7.1 Introduction
This specification describes the host interface of Model Number: WSH722020ALx6xx that supports Host Managed
Zones feature set.
This product complies with di549r1c: Zoned Device ATA Command Set - 2 (ZAC-2). Zone Domains feature set and
Zone Realms feature set is not supported.
The interface conforms to the following working documents of Information technology with certain limitations
described in the chapter 7.3 “Deviations from Standard”.
- Serial ATA International Organization: Serial ATA Revision 3.3
7.2 Terminology
Device
Device indicates Model Number: WSH722020ALx6xx
Host
Host indicates the system that the device is attached to.
7.3 Deviations From Standard
The device conforms to the referenced specifications, with deviations described below.
Check Power Mode
If the Extended Power Conditions feature set is disabled and the device is in Idle
mode, Check Power Mode command returns FFh by Sector Count Register,
instead of returning 80h. Refer to 12.1 “Check Power Mode” for detail.
COMRESET
COMRESET response is not the same as that of Power On Reset. Refer to
section 10.1, “Reset Response” for detail.
Download
Both Download Microcode and Download Microcode DMA are aborted when the
device is in security locked mode.
COMRESET response time
During 500ms from Power On Reset, COMINIT is not returned within 10ms as a
response to COMRESET.
SCT Error Recovery Control
When the device is in standby mode, any command where error recovery time
limit is specified can’t be completed while waiting for the spindle to reach operating
speed even if execution time exceeds specified recovery time limit. The minimum
time limit is 6.5 second. When the specified time limit is shorter than 6.5 second,
the issued command is aborted.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
8 Registers
In Serial ATA, the host adapter contains a set of registers that shadow the contents of the traditional device
registers, referred to as the Shadow Register Block. Shadow Register Block registers are interface registers used
for delivering commands to the device or posting status from the device. About details, please refer to the Serial
ATA Specification.
In the following cases, the host adapter sets the BSY bit in its shadow Status Register and transmits a FIS to the
device containing the new contents.
1) Command register is written in the Shadow Register Block
2) Device Control register is written in the Shadow Register Block with a change of state of the SRST bit
3) COMRESET is requested
8.1 Alternate Status Register
Table 23 Alternate Status Register
Alternate Status Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
BSY
RDY
DF
DSC
/SERV
DRQ
COR
IDX
ERR
This register contains the same information as the Status Register. The only difference is that reading this register
does not imply interrupt acknowledge or clear a pending interrupt. See 8.11 “Status Register” on the page 55 for the
definition of the bits in this register.
8.2 Command register
This register contains the command code being sent to the device. Command execution begins immediately after
this register is written. The command set is shown in Table 104 Command Set.
All other registers required for the command must be set up before writing the Command Register.
8.3 Cylinder High Register
This register contains the high order bits of the starting cylinder address for any disk access. At the end of the
command, this register is updated to reflect the current cylinder number.
In LBA Mode this register contains Bits 16-23. At the end of the command, this register is updated to reflect the
current LBA Bits 16-23.
The cylinder number may be from zero to the number of cylinders minus one.
When 48-bit addressing commands are used, the “most recently written” content contains LBA Bits 16-23, and the
“previous content” contains Bits 40-47. The 48-bit Address feature set is described in 10.12.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
8.4 Cylinder Low Register
This register contains the low order bits of the starting cylinder address for any disk access. At the end of the
command, this register is updated to reflect the current cylinder number.
In LBA Mode this register contains Bits 8-15. At the end of the command, this register is updated to reflect the
current LBA Bits 8-15.
The cylinder number may be from zero to the number of cylinders minus one.
When 48-bit addressing commands are used, the “most recently written” content contains LBA Bits 8-15, and the
“previous content” contains Bits 32-39.
8.5 Device Control Register
Table 24 Device Control Register
Device Control Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
HOB - - - 1
SRST
-IEN
0
Bit Definitions
HOB
HOB (high order byte) is defined by the 48-bit Address feature set. A write to any Command
Register shall clear the HOB bit to zero.
SRST (RST)
Software Reset. The device is held reset when RST=1. Setting RST=0 re-enables the device.
The host must set RST=1 and wait for at least 5 microseconds before setting RST=0, to ensure
that the device recognizes the reset.
-IEN
Interrupt Enable. When –IEN=0, and the device is selected, device interrupts to the host will be
enabled. When –IEN=1, or the device is not selected, device interrupts to the host will be
disabled.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
8.6 Device/Head Register
Table 25 Device/Head Register
Device/Head Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
1 L 1
DRV
HS3
HS2
HS1
HS0
This register contains the device and head numbers.
Bit Definitions
L
Binary encoded address mode select. When L=0, addressing is by CHS mode. When L=1,
addressing is by LBA mode.
DRV
Device. This product ignores this bit.
HS3,HS2,HS1,HS0
Head Select. These four bits indicate binary encoded address of the head. HS0 is the least
significant bit. At command completion, these bits are updated to reflect the currently
selected head.
The head number may be from zero to the number of heads minus one.
In LBA mode, HS3 through HS0 contain bits 24-27 of the LBA. At command completion,
these bits are updated to reflect the current LBA bits 24-27.
8.7 Error Register
Table 26 Error Register
Error Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
ICRCE
UNC
0
IDNF
0
ABRT
TK0NF
AMNF
This register contains status from the last command executed by the device, or a diagnostic code.
At the completion of any command except Execute Device Diagnostic, the contents of this register are valid always
even if ERR=0 in the Status Register.
Following a power on, a reset, or completion of an Execute Device Diagnostic command, this register contains a
diagnostic code.
Bit Definitions
ICRCE (CRC)
Interface CRC Error. ICRCE=1 indicates a CRC error occurred during FIS transmission or FIS
reception.
UNC
Uncorrectable Data Error. UNC=1 indicates an uncorrectable data error has been encountered.
IDNF (IDN)
ID Not Found. IDN=1 indicates the requested sector’s ID field could not be found.
ABRT (ABT)
Aborted Command. ABT=1 indicates the requested command has been aborted due to a device
status error or an invalid parameter in an output register.
TK0NF (T0N)
Track 0 Not Found. T0N=1 indicates track 0 was not found during a Recalibrate command.
AMNF (AMN)
Address Mark Not Found. This product does not report this error. This bit is always zero.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
8.8 Features Register
This register is command specific. This is used with the Set Features command, SMART Function Set command
and Format Unit command.
8.9 Sector Count Register
This register contains the number of sectors of data requested to be transferred on a read or write operation
between the host and the device. If the value in the register is set to 0, a count of 256 sectors (in 28-bit addressing)
or 65,536 sectors (in 48-bit addressing) is specified.
If the register is zero at command completion, the command was successful. If not successfully completed, the
register contains the number of sectors which need to be transferred in order to complete the request.
The contents of the register are defined otherwise on some commands. These definitions are given in the command
descriptions.
8.10 Sector Number Register
This register contains the starting sector number for any disk data access for the subsequent command.
The sector number is from one to the maximum number of sectors per track.
In LBA mode, this register contains Bits 0-7. At the end of the command, this register is updated to reflect the
current LBA Bits 0-7.
When 48-bit commands are used, the “most recently written” content contains LBA Bits 0-7, and the “previous
content” contains Bits 24-31.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
8.11 Status Register
Table 27 Status Register
Status Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
BSY
DRDY
DF
DSC
/SERV
DRQ
CORR
IDX
ERR
This register contains the device status. The contents of this register are updated whenever an error occurs and at
the completion of each command.
If the host reads this register when an interrupt is pending, it is considered to be the interrupt acknowledge. Any
pending interrupt is cleared whenever this register is read.
If BSY=1, no other bits in the register are valid.
Bit Definitions
BSY
Busy. BSY=1 whenever the device is accessing the registers. The host should not read or write
any registers when BSY=1. If the host reads any register when BSY=1, the contents of the Status
Register will be returned.
DRDY (RDY)
Device Ready. RDY=1 indicates that the device is capable of responding to a command. RDY
will be set to 0 during power on until the device is ready to accept a command. If the device
detects an error while processing a command, RDY is set to 0 until the Status Register is read by
the host, at which time RDY is set back to 1.
DF
Device Fault. This product does not support DF bit. DF bit is always zero.
DSC
Device Seek Complete. DSC=1 indicates that a seek has completed and the device head is
settled over a track. DSC is set to 0 by the device just before a seek begins. When an error
occurs, this bit is not changed until the Status Register is read by the host, at which time the bit
again indicates the current seek complete status.
When the device enters into or is in Standby mode or Sleep mode, this bit is set by device in
spite of not spinning up.
SERV (SRV)
Service. This product does not support SERV bit.
DRQ
Data Request. DRQ=1 indicates that the device is ready to transfer a word or byte of data
between the host and the device. The host should not write the Command register when DRQ=1.
CORR (COR)
Corrected Data. Always 0.
IDX
Index. IDX=1 once per revolution. Since IDX=1 only for a very short time during each revolution,
the host may not see it set to 1 even if the host is reading the Status Register continuously.
Therefore, the host should not attempt to use IDX for timing purposes.
ERR
Error. ERR=1 indicates that an error occurred during execution of the previous command. The
Error Register should be read to determine the error type. The device sets ERR=0 when the next
command is received from the host.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9 Normal and Error Output field descriptions
9.1 Overview
9 Normal and Error Output field descriptions describes requirements for all commands. Individual commands may
describe additional requirements.
The normal outputs (see ACS-4) and error outputs (see ACS-4) for each command include:
a) a one byte STATUS field (see 9.2);
b) a one byte ERROR field (see 9.3);
c) a one byte INTERRUPT REASON field (see 9.4), if required, for certain commands (e.g., PACKET, READ
DMA QUEUED, READ DMA QUEUED EXT, WRITE DMA QUEUED, and WRITE DMA QUEUED EXT);
d) a COUNT field (see 9.5), SATA STATUS field (see 9.7), and SACTIVE field (see 9.6), if required, for certain
commands (e.g., the READ FPDMA QUEUED command, Sanitize Device feature set commands, and WRITE
FPDMA QUEUED command); and
e) an LBA field that may contain the LBA of First Unrecoverable Error (see 9.8.2).
f) Device Signatures field for Normal Output (see 9.9).
9.2 Status field
9.2.1 Overview
The STATUS field is one byte and is conveyed as an output from the device to the host (see applicable transport
standard). Each bit, when valid, is defined in Table 28 STATUS field.
Table 28 STATUS field
Bit
Name
Reference
7
BUSY bit
9.2.3
6
DEVICE READY bit
9.2.7
5
DEVICE FAULT bit
9.2.6
4
N/A
3 DATA REQUEST bit
9.2.5
2
ALIGNMENT ERROR bit
9.2.2
1
SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit
9.2.9
0
CHECK CONDITION bit
9.2.4
ERROR bit
9.2.8
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9.2.2 ALIGNMENT ERROR bit
The ALIGNMENT ERROR bit is set to one if:
a) the LOGICAL TO PHYSICAL SECTOR RELATIONSHIP SUPPORTED bit is set to one;
b) the LPS MISALIGNMENT REPORTING SUPPORTED bit is set to one;
c) the ALIGNMENT ERROR REPORTING field contains 01b or 10b; and
d) the device returns completion for a write command without an error where:
A) the first byte of data transfer does not begin at the first byte of a physical sector; or
B) the last byte of data transfer does not end at the last byte of a physical sector.
Otherwise, the ALIGNMENT ERROR bit is cleared to zero.
If an alignment error and another error occur during the processing of a write command, then the other error is
returned and the alignment error is not reported in the STATUS field (i.e., the ALIGNMENT ERROR bit is cleared to
zero). If an alignment error occurs, even if it is not reported in the STATUS field and there is space remaining in the
LPS Mis-alignment log, then an entry must be made in the log.
9.2.3 BUSY bit
The BUSY bit is transport dependent (see 9.2.10). Refer to the applicable transport standard for the usage of the
BUSY bit.
9.2.4 CHECK CONDITION bit
An ATAPI device shall set the CHECK CONDITION bit to one if the:
a) value in the SENSE KEY field (see 9.3.7) is greater than zero;
b) ABORT bit (see 9.3.2) is set to one;
c) END OF MEDIA bit (see 9.3.3) is set to one; or
d) ILLEGAL LENGTH INDICATOR bit (see 9.3.5) is set to one.
Otherwise, an ATAPI device shall clear the CHECK CONDITION bit to zero.
9.2.5 DATA REQUEST bit
The DATA REQUEST bit is transport dependent (see 9.2.10). Refer to the appropriate transport standard for the
usage of the DATA REQUEST bit.
9.2.6 DEVICE FAULT bit
If the device is in a condition where continued operation may affect the integrity of user data on the device (e.g.,
failure to spin-up without error, or no spares remaining for reallocation), then the device does:
a) return command aborted with the DEVICE FAULT bit set to one in response to all commands (e.g., IDENTIFY
DEVICE commands, IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE commands) except REQUEST SENSE DATA EXT
commands;
b) complete a REQUEST SENSE DATA EXT command without error with a sense key of HARDWARE ERROR
with additional sense code of INTERNAL TARGET FAILURE (see SPC-4), if:
A) the SENSE DATA SUPPORTED bit is set to one; and
B) the REQUEST SENSE DEVICE FAULT SUPPORTED bit is set to one;
or
c) return command aborted with the DEVICE FAULT bit set to one in response to a REQUEST SENSE DATA
EXT command, if:
A) the SENSE DATA SUPPORTED bit is cleared to zero; or
B) the SENSE DATA SUPPORTED bit is set to one and the REQUEST SENSE DEVICE FAULT SUPPORTED
bit is cleared to zero.
Power cycling the device is the only mechanism that may clear the DEVICE FAULT bit to zero.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
If the DEVICE FAULT bit has been cleared to zero, then it may remain clear until a command that affects user data
integrity is received by the device.
9.2.7 DEVICE READY bit
The DEVICE READY bit is transport dependent (see 9.2.10). Refer to the applicable transport standard for the
usage of the DEVICE READY bit.
9.2.8 ERROR bit
An ATA device shall set the ERROR bit to one if any bit in the ERROR field (see 9.3) is set to one. Otherwise, an
ATA device shall clear the ERROR bit to zero.
9.2.9 SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit
The SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit shall be set to one if:
a) the SENSE DATA SUPPORTED bit is set to one;
b) the SENSE DATA ENABLED bit is set to one; and
c) the device has sense data to report after processing any command.
Otherwise, the SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit shall be cleared to zero.
The ERROR bit and the SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit may both be set to one.
Bit 1 of the STATUS field is obsolete if:
a) the SENSE DATA SUPPORTED bit is cleared to zero; or
b) the SENSE DATA ENABLED bit is cleared to zero.
9.2.10 Transport Dependent bits and fields
All bits and fields that are labelled transport dependent are defined in the transport standards.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9.3 ERROR field
9.3.1 Overview
The ERROR field is one byte and is conveyed as an output from the device to the host (see applicable transport
standard). Each bit, when valid, is defined in Table 29 ERROR field.Table 29 ERROR field
Table 29 ERROR field
Bit
Name
Reference
7:4
SENSE KEY field
9.3.7
7
INTERFACE CRC bit
9.3.6
6
UNCORRECTABLE ERROR bit
9.3.8
5
Obsolete
4
ID NOT FOUND bit
9.3.4
3
Obsolete
2
ABORT bit
9.3.2
1
END OF MEDIA bit
9.3.3
0
ILLEGAL LENGTH INDICATOR bit
9.3.5
9.3.2 ABORT bit
The ABORT bit is set to one if the device aborts the command. The ABORT bit is cleared to zero if the device does
not abort the command.
If the host requested an address outside of the range of user addressable addresses, then:
a) the ID NOT FOUND bit (see 9.3.4) is set to one and the ABORT bit is cleared to zero; or
b) the ID NOT FOUND bit is cleared to zero and the ABORT bit is set to one.
If a user addressable address was not found (see 9.3.4), the ABORT bit is cleared to zero.
If the INTERFACE CRC bit (see 9.3.6) is set to one, the ABORT bit is set to one.
9.3.3 END OF MEDIA bit
The END OF MEDIA bit set to one indicates that the end of the media has been reached by an ATAPI device (see
SFF 8020i). Otherwise, the END OF MEDIA bit is cleared to zero.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9.3.4 ID NOT FOUND bit
The ID NOT FOUND bit is set to one if:
a) a user-addressable address was not found; or
b) an address outside of the range of user-addressable addresses is requested and the ABORT bit (see 9.3.2) is
cleared to zero.
Otherwise, the ID NOT FOUND bit is cleared to zero.
9.3.5 ILLEGAL LENGTH INDICATOR bit
The operation of the ILLEGAL LENGTH INDICATOR bit is specific to the SCSI command set implemented by
ATAPI devices (e.g., devices defined by MMC-6).
9.3.6 INTERFACE CRC bit
The INTERFACE CRC bit is set to one if an interface CRC error occurred during an Ultra DMA data transfer.
The INTERFACE CRC bit is cleared to zero if an interface CRC error did not occur during an Ultra DMA data
transfer.
The value of the INTERFACE CRC bit may be applicable to Multiword DMA transfers and PIO data transfers. If the
INTERFACE CRC bit is set to one, the ABORT bit is set to one.
9.3.7 SENSE KEY field
The operation of this field is specific to the SCSI command set implemented by ATAPI devices (e.g., devices
defined by MMC-6).
9.3.8 UNCORRECTABLE ERROR bit
The UNCORRECTABLE ERROR bit is set to one if the data contains an uncorrectable error. The
UNCORRECTABLE ERROR bit is cleared to zero if the data does not contain an uncorrectable error.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9.4 INTERRUPT REASON field
9.4.1 Overview
The INTERRUPT REASON field (see Table 30 INTERRUPT REASON field) is an output from the device to the host
for commands in the PACKET feature set and NCQ feature set.
Table 30 INTERRUPT REASON field
Bit
Name
Reference
7:2
Obsolete
7
INPUT/OUTPUT bit
9.4.3
6
COMMAND/DATA bit
9.4.2
9.4.2 COMMAND/DATA bit
The COMMAND/DATA bit is cleared to zero if the transfer is data. Otherwise, the COMMAND/DATA bit is set to
one.
9.4.3 INPUT/OUTPUT bit
The INPUT/OUTPUT bit is cleared to zero if the transfer is to the device. The INPUT/OUTPUT bit is set to one if the
transfer is to the host.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9.5 COUNT field
9.5.1 Overview
The COUNT field is an output from the device to the host. The uses of the COUNT field depend on the command
being processed. Commands may use the COUNT field to indicate the:
a) the tag of an NCQ command (see 9.5.2) for commands in the NCQ feature set.
9.5.2 NCQ Tag
For commands in the NCQ feature set, the COUNT field may be used to indicate the tag of an NCQ command that
caused an error.
9.6 SACTIVE field
See ATA8-AST for a description of the SACTIVE field.
9.7 SATA STATUS field
See ATA8-AST for a description of the SATA STATUS field (i.e., word 0 of the Set Device Bits FIS).
9.8 LBA field
9.8.1 Overview
The LBA field is an output from the device to the host. The uses of the LBA field depend on the command being
processed. Commands may use the LBA field to indicate the LBA of the first unrecovered error (see 9.8.2).
9.8.2 LBA of First Unrecoverable Error
For commands that return LBA of the first unrecoverable error, if an unrecoverable error was encountered prior to
or during the processing of that command, then the LBA field contains the LBA of the first unrecoverable error.
This value does not provide any status information regarding any data transferred by the command that returned
the error. The value may be outside the LBA range of the command that returned the error.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
9.9 Device Signatures for Normal Output
9.9.1 Overview
Table 32 Device signatures for COUNT and LBA field specifies the normal outputs for the EXECUTE DEVICE
DIAGNOSTIC command (see ACS-4).
Table 31 Device Signatures for Normal Output
Field
Description
ERROR
Diagnostic Results – The diagnostic code as described in Table 35 Diagnostic Codes is returned.
This field shall be reserved for the EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command (see 12.5).
COUNT
See Table 32 Device signatures for COUNT and LBA field
LBA
DEVICE
Bit Description
7 Obsolete
6 N/A
5 Obsolete
4 Transport Dependent – See ACS-4
3:0 Reserved
STATUS
Bit Description
7:6 Transport Dependent – See ACS-4
5 DEVICE FAULT bit – See ACS-4
4 N/A
3 Transport Dependent – See ACS-4
2 N/A
1 N/A
0 shall be cleared to zero
Table 32 Device signatures for COUNT and LBA field
Bits
ATA device
Host Managed
Zoned device
Reserved for SATA
Obsolete
COUNT field (7:0)
01h
01h
01h
01h
01h
N/A
LBA field (27:24)
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
LBA field (23:16)
00h
ABh
C3h
96h
EBh
AAh
LBA field (15:8)
00h
CDh
3Ch
69h
14h
CEh
LBA field (7:0)
01h
01h
01h
01h
01h
N/A
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
10 General Operation Descriptions
10.1 Reset Response
There are three types of reset in ATA as follows:
Power On Reset (POR)
The device executes a series of electrical circuitry diagnostics.
COMRESET
COMRESET is issued in Serial ATA bus.
The device resets the interface circuitry as well as Soft Reset.
Soft Reset (Software Reset)
SRST bit in the Device Control Register is set, and then is reset.
The device resets the interface circuitry according to the Set Features
requirement.
The actions of each reset are shown in Table 33
Table 33 Reset Response
POR
COMRESET
Soft Reset
Aborting Host interface
- o o
Aborting Device operation
-
(*1)
(*1)
Initialization of hardware
o x x
Internal diagnostic
o x x
Spinning spindle
(*6) x x
Initialization of registers (*2)
o o o
Reverting programmed parameters to default
o
(*3)
(*3)
- Number of CHS
(set by Initialize Device Parameter)
- Multiple mode
- Write cache
- Read look-ahead
- ECC bytes
Disable Standby timer
o x x
Power mode
(*5)
(*4)
(*4)
o ---- Execute
x ---- Not execute
Table Notes
(*1) Execute after the data in write cache has been written.
(*2) Default value on POR is shown in Table 34 “Default Register Values” on page 65.
(*3) The Set Features command with Feature register = CCh enables the device to revert these parameters to
the power on defaults.
(*4) In the case of Sleep mode, the device goes to Standby mode. In other case, the device does not change
current mode.
(*5) Idle when Power-Up in Standby feature set is disabled. Standby when Power-Up in Standby feature set is
enabled.
(*6) Spinning up when Power-Up in Standby feature set is disabled. Standby when Power-Up in Standby
feature set is enabled.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.1.1 Register Initialization
Table 34 Default Register Values
Register
Default Value
Error
Diagnostic Code
COUNT
01h
LBA
ABCD01h
Status
50h
Alternate Status
50h
After power on, hard reset, or software reset, the register values are initialized as shown in Table 34.
Table 35 Diagnostic Codes
Code
Description
01h
No error Detected
02h
Formatter device error
03h
Sector buffer error
04h
ECC circuitry error
05h
Controller microprocessor error
The meaning of the Error Register diagnostic codes resulting from power on, hard reset or the Execute Device
Diagnostic command is shown in Table 35
10.2 Diagnostic and Reset considerations
In each case of Power on Reset, COMRESET, Soft reset, and EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command, the
device is diagnosed. And Error register is set as shown in Table 26 Error Register.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.3 Sector Addressing Mode
All addressing of data sectors recorded on the device’s media is by a logical sector address. The logical CHS
address for WSH722020ALx6xx is different from the actual physical CHS location of the data sector on the disk
media. All addressing of data sectors recorded on the device’s media.
WSH722020ALx6xx support both Logical CHS Addressing Mode and LBA Addressing Mode as the sector
addressing mode.
The host system may select either the currently selected CHS translation addressing or LBA addressing on a
command-by-command basis by using the L bit in the DEVICE/HEAD register. So a host system must set the L bit
to 1 if the host uses LBA Addressing mode.
10.3.1 Logical CHS Addressing Mode
The logical CHS addressing is made up of three fields: the cylinder number, the head number and the sector
number. Sectors are numbered from 1 to the maximum value allowed by the current CHS translation mode but can
not exceed 255(0FFh). Heads are numbered from 0 to the maximum value allowed by the current CHS translation
mode but can not exceed 15(0Fh). Cylinders are numbered from 0 to the maximum value allowed by the current
CHS translation mode but cannot exceed 65535(0FFFFh).
When the host selects a CHS translation mode using the INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command, the host
requests the number of sectors per logical track and the number of heads per logical cylinder. The device then
computes the number of logical cylinders available in requested mode.
The default CHS translation mode is described in the Identify Device Information. The current CHS translation
mode also is described in the Identify Device Information.
10.3.2 LBA Addressing Mode
Logical sectors on the device shall be linearly mapped with the first LBA addressed sector (sector 0) being the
same sector as the first logical CHS addressed sector (cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1). Irrespective of the logical CHS
translation mode currently in effect, the LBA address of a given logical sector does not change. The following is
always true:
LBA = ( (cylinder * heads_per_cylinder + heads)
* sectors_per_track ) + sector - 1
Where heads_per_cylinder and sectors_per_track are the current translation mode values.
On LBA addressing mode, the LBA value is set to the following register.
Device/Head
LBA
bits
27-24
Cylinder High
LBA
bits
23-16
Cylinder Low
LBA
bits
15- 8
Sector Number
LBA
bits
7- 0
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10.4 Power Management Feature
The power management feature set allows an application client to modify the behavior of a device in a manner that
reduces the power required to operate. The power management feature set provides a set of commands and a
timer that enables a device to implement low power consumption modes.
The Power Management feature set implements the following set of functions.
1. A Standby timer
2. Idle command
3. Idle Immediate command
4. Sleep command
5. Standby command
6. Standby Immediate command
10.4.1 Power Mode
The lowest power consumption when the device is powered on occurs in Sleep Mode. When in sleep mode, the
device requires a reset to be activated.
In Idle Mode the device is capable of responding immediately to media access requests.
In Active Mode the device is under executing a command or accessing the disk media with read look-ahead
function or writes cache function.
10.4.1.1 Active Idle mode
Servo is mostly off but heads are loaded. The spindle is rotated at the full speed.
10.4.1.2 Low Power Idle mode
Additional electronics are powered off, and heads are unloaded on the ramp, however the spindle is still rotated at
the full speed.
10.4.1.3 Low RPM Idle mode
The heads are unloaded on the ramp, and the spindle is rotated at the 85-90% of the full speed.
10.4.1.4 Standby Mode
The device interface is capable of accepting commands, but as the media may not immediately accessible, there is
a delay while waiting for the spindle to reach operating speed.
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10.4.2 Power Management Commands
The Check Power Mode command allows a host to determine if a device is in, going, to or leaving standby or idle
mode.
The Idle and Idle Immediate commands move a device to idle mode immediately from the active or standby modes.
The idle command also sets the standby timer count and enables or disables the standby timer.
The Standby and Standby Immediate commands move a device to standby mode immediately from the active or
idle modes. The standby command also sets the standby timer count and enables or disables the Standby timer.
The Sleep command moves a device to sleep mode. The device’s interface becomes inactive after the device
reports command completion for the sleep command. A device only transitions from sleep mode after processing
hardware reset, a software reset.
10.4.3 Standby timer
The standby timer provides a method for the device to automatically enter standby mode from either active or idle
mode following a host programmed period of inactivity. If the device is in the active or idle mode, the device waits
for the specified time period and if no command is received, the device automatically enters the standby mode.
If the value of SECTOR COUNT Register on Idle command or Standby command is set to 00h, the standby timer is
disabled.
10.4.4 Interface Capability for Power Modes
Each power mode affects the physical interface as defined in the following table:
Table 36 Power conditions
Mode
BSY
RDY
Interface active
Media
Active x x Yes
Active
Idle 0 1 Yes
Active
Standby 0 1 Yes
Inactive
sleep x x No
Inactive
Ready (RDY) is not a power condition. A device may post ready at the interface even though the media may not be
accessible.
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10.5 SMART Function
The intent of Self-monitoring, analysis and reporting technology (SMART) is to protect user data and prevent
unscheduled system downtime that may be caused by predictable degradation and/or fault of the device. By
monitoring and storing critical performance and calibration parameters, SMART devices employ sophisticated data
analysis algorithms to predict the likelihood of near-term degradation or fault condition. By alerting the host system
of a negative reliability status condition, the host system can warn the user of the impending risk of a data loss and
advise the user of appropriate action.
10.5.1 Attributes
Attributes are the specific performance or calibration parameters that are used in analyzing the status of the device.
Attributes are selected by the device manufacturer based on that attribute’s ability to contribute to the prediction of
degrading or faulty conditions for that particular device. The specific set of attributes being used and the identity of
these attributes is vendor specific and proprietary.
10.5.2 Attribute values
Attribute values are used to represent the relative reliability of individual performance or calibration attributes. The
valid range of attribute values is from 1 to 253 decimal. Higher attribute values indicate that the analysis algorithms
being used by the device are predicting a lower probability of a degrading or faulty condition existing. Accordingly,
lower attribute values indicate that the analysis algorithms being used by the device are predicting a higher
probability of a degrading or faulty condition existing.
10.5.3 Attribute thresholds
Each attribute value has a corresponding attribute threshold limit which is used for direct comparison to the attribute
value to indicate the existence of a degrading or faulty condition. The numerical values of the attribute thresholds
are determined by the device manufacturer through design and reliability testing and analysis. Each attribute
threshold represents the lowest limit to which its corresponding attribute value can be equal while still retaining a
positive reliability status. Attribute thresholds are set at the device manufacturer’s factory and cannot be changed in
the field. The valid range for attribute thresholds is from 1 through 253 decimal.
10.5.4 Threshold exceeded condition
If one or more attribute values, whose Pre-failure bit of their status flag is set, are less than or equal to their
corresponding attribute thresholds, then the device reliability status is negative, indicating an impending degrading
or faulty condition.
10.5.5 SMART commands
The SMART commands provide access to attribute values, attribute thresholds and other logging and reporting
information.
10.5.6 Off-line Read Scanning
The device provides the off-line read scanning feature with reallocation. This is the extension of the off-line data
collection capability. The device performs the entire read scan with reallocation for the marginal sectors to prevent
the user data lost.
If interrupted by the host during the read scanning, the device services the host command.
10.5.7 Error Log
Logging of reported errors is supported. The device provides information on the last five errors that the device
reported as described in SMART error log sector. The device may also provide additional vendor specific
information on these reported errors. The error log is not disabled when SMART is disabled. Disabling SMART shall
disable the delivering of error log information via the SMART READ LOG SECTOR command.
If a device receives a firmware modification, all error log data is discarded and the device error count for the life of
the device is reset to zero.
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10.5.8 Self-test
The device provides the self-test features which are initiated by SMART Execute Off-line Immediate command. The
self-test checks the fault of the device, reports the test status in Device Attributes Data and stores the test result in
the SMART self-test log sector as described in SMART self-test log data structure. All SMART attributes are
updated accordingly during the execution of self-test.
If interrupted by the host during the self-tests, the device services the host command.
If the device receives a firmware modification, all self-test log data is discarded.
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10.6 Security Mode Feature Set
Security Mode Feature Set is a powerful security feature. With a device lock password, a user can prevent
unauthorized access to hard disk device even if the device is removed from the computer.
The following commands are supported for this feature.
Security Set Password
(‘F1’h)
Security Unlock
(‘F2’h)
Security Erase Prepare
(‘F3’h)
Security Erase Unit
(‘F4’h)
Security Freeze Lock
(‘F5’h)
Security Disable Password
(‘F6’h)
10.6.1 Security mode
Following security modes are provided.
Device Locked mode
The device disables media access commands after power on. Media accesses
commands are enabled by either a security unlock command or a security erases unit
command.
Device Unlocked mode
The device enables all commands. If a password is not set this mode is entered after
power on, otherwise it is entered by a security unlock or a security erases unit
command.
Device Frozen mode
The device enables all commands except those which can update the device lock
function, set/change password. The device enters this mode via a Security Freeze Lock
command. It cannot quit this mode until power off.
10.6.2 Security Level
Following security levels are provided.
High level security
When the device lock function is enabled and the User Password is forgotten the device
can be unlocked via a Master Password.
Maximum level security
When the device lock function is enabled and the User Password is forgotten then only
the Master Password with a Security Erase Unit command can unlock the device. Then
user data is erased.
10.6.3 Password
This function can have 2 types of passwords as described below.
Master Password
When the Master Password is set, the device does NOT enable the Device Lock
Function, and the device can NOT be locked with the Master Password, but the Master
Password can be used for unlocking the device locked.
Identify Device Information word 92 contains the value of the Master Password Revision
Code set when the Master Password was last changed. Valid values are 0001h through
FFFEh.
User Password
The User Password should be given or changed by a system user. When the User
Password is set, the device enables the Device Lock Function, and then the device is
locked on next power on reset or hard reset.
The system manufacturer/dealer who intends to enable the device lock function for the end users, must set the
master password even if only single level password protection is required.
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10.6.4 Operation example
10.6.4.1 Master Password setting
The system manufacturer/dealer can set a new Master Password from default Master Password using the Security
Set Password command, without enabling the Device Lock Function.
The Master Password Revision Code is set to FFFEh as shipping default by the HDD manufacturer.
10.6.4.2 User Password setting
When a User Password is set, the device will automatically enter lock mode the next time the device is powered on.
Figure 10 Initial Setting
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.6.4.3 Operation from POR after User Password is set
When Device Lock Function is enabled, the device rejects media access command until a Security Unlock
command is successfully completed.
POR
Device Locked mode
Unlock CMD Erase Prepare Media access
command (*1)
Non-Media access
command (*1)
Password
Match ?
Complete
Erase Unit
Lock function
Disable
Enter Device
Unlock mode
Erase Unit
Password
Match ?
Normal operation : All commands are available
Freeze Lock command
Enter Device Frozen mode
Normal Operation except Set Password,
Disable Password, Erase Unit, Unlock commands.
Reject
Complete
N
Y
N
Y
(*1) Refer to 10.6.5 on the page.75
Figure 11 Usual Operation
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.6.4.4 User Password Lost
If the User Password is forgotten and High level security is set, the system user can’t access any data. However,
the device can be unlocked using the Master Password.
If a system user forgets the User Password and Maximum security level is set, data access is impossible. However,
the device can be unlocked using the Security Erase Unit command to unlock the device and erase all user data
with the Master Password.
Figure 12 Password Lost
10.6.4.5 Attempt limit for SECURITY UNLOCK command
The SECURITY UNLOCK command has an attempt limit. The purpose of this attempt limit is to prevent that
someone attempts to unlock the drive by using various passwords many times.
The device counts the password mismatch. If the password does not match, the device counts it up without
distinguishing the Master password and the User password. If the count reaches 5, EXPIRE bit (bit 4) of Word 128
in Identify Device information is set, and then SECURITY ERASE UNIT command and SECURITY UNLOCK
command are aborted until a hard reset or a power off. The count and EXPIRE bit are cleared after a power on
reset or a hard reset.
User Password Lost
LEVEL ?
High
Unlock CMD with Master Password
Maximum
Normal operation
Erase Prepare Command
Erase Unit Command
with Master Password
Normal operation but data lost
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10.6.5 Command Table
This table shows the device’s response to commands when the Security Mode Feature Set (Device lock function) is
enabled.
Table 37 Command table for device lock operation -1
Command
Locked Mode
Unlocked Mode
Frozen Mode
Check Power Mode
Executable
Executable
Executable
Crypto Scramble Ext (data encryption
model only)
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Device Configuration Restore
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Device Configuration Freeze Lock
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Device Configuration Identify
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Device Configuration Set
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Download Microcode
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Download Microcode DMA
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Execute Device Diagnostic
Executable
Executable
Executable
Flush Cache
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Flush Cache Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Identify Device
Executable
Executable
Executable
Idle
Executable
Executable
Executable
Idle Immediate
Executable
Executable
Executable
Initialize Device Parameters
Executable
Executable
Executable
NCQ NON-DATA
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Overwrite Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read Buffer
Executable
Executable
Executable
Read DMA
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read DMA Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read FPDMA Queued
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read Log Ext
Executable
Executable
Executable
Read Log DMA Ext
Executable
Executable
Executable
Read Multiple
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read Multiple Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read Native Max Address
Executable
Executable
Executable
Read Native Max Ext
Executable
Executable
Executable
Read Sector(s)
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read Sector(s) Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read Verify Sector(s)
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Read Verify Sector(s) Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Recalibrate
Executable
Executable
Executable
Receive FPDMA Queued
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Request Sense Data Ext
Executable
Executable
Executable
Sanitize Freeze Lock Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
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Table 38 Command table for device lock operation -2
Command
Locked Mode
Unlocked Mode
Frozen Mode
Sanitize Status Ext
Executable
Executable
Executable
SCT Write Same
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
SCT Error Recovery Control
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
SCT Feature Control
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
SCT Data Table
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
SCT Read Status
Executable
Executable
Executable
Security Disable Password
Command aborted
Executable
Command aborted
Security Erase Prepare
Executable
Executable
Command aborted
Security Erase Unit
Executable
Executable
Command aborted
Security Freeze Lock
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Security Set Password
Command aborted
Executable
Command aborted
Security Unlock
Executable
Executable
Command aborted
Seek
Executable
Executable
Executable
Set Features
Executable
Executable
Executable
Set Max Address
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Set Max Address Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Set Multiple Mode
Executable
Executable
Executable
Set Sector Configuration Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Sleep
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Disable Operations
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Enable/Disable Attribute Autosave
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Enable Operations
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Execute Off-line Immediate
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Read Attribute Values
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Read Attribute Thresholds
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Return Status
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Save Attribute Values
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Read Log Sector
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Write Log Sector
Executable
Executable
Executable
SMART Enable/Disable Automatic Off-Line
Executable
Executable
Executable
Standby
Executable
Executable
Executable
Standby Immediate
Executable
Executable
Executable
Write Buffer
Executable
Executable
Executable
Write DMA
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write DMA Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write DMA FUA Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write FPDMA Queued
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
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Table 39 Command table for device lock operation -3
Command
Locked Mode
Unlocked Mode
Frozen Mode
Write Log Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write Log DMA Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write Multiple
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write Multiple Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write Multiple FUA Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write Sector(s)
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write Sector(s) Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
Write Uncorrectable Ext
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
CLOSE ZONE EXT
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
FINISH ZONE EXT
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
OPEN ZONE EXT
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
REPORT ZONES EXT
Executable
Executable
Executable
RESET WRITE POINTER EXT
Command aborted
Executable
Executable
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10.7 Host Protected Area Feature
Host Protected Area Feature is to provide the ‘protected area’ which can not be accessed via conventional method.
This ‘protected area’ is used to contain critical system data such as BIOS or system management information. The
contents of entire system main memory may also be dumped into ‘protected area’ to resume after system power off.
The LBA/CYL changed by following command affects the Identify Device Information.
The following set of commands is implemented for this function.
Read Native Max ADDRESS
(‘F8’h)
Set Max ADDRESS
(‘F9’h)
10.7.1 Example for operation (In LBA mode)
Assumptions:
For better understanding, the following example uses actual values for LBA, size, etc. Since it is just an example,
these values could be different.
Device characteristics
1. Shipping HDDs from HDD manufacturer
When the HDDs are shipped from HDD manufacturer, the device has been tested to have usable capacity of
6.4GB besides flagged media defects not to be visible by system.
2. Preparing HDDs at system manufacturer
Special utility software is required to define the size of protected area and store the data into it.
The sequence is:
Issue Read Native Max Address command to get the real device maximum LBA. Returned value shows
that native device Maximum LBA is 12,692,735 (C1ACFFh) regardless of the current setting.
Make entire device be accessible including the protected area by setting device Maximum LBA as
12,692,735 (C1ACFFh) via Set Max Address command. The option could be either nonvolatile or volatile.
Test the sectors for protected area (LBA >= 12,289,536 (BB8600h)) if required.
Write information data such as BIOS code within the protected area.
Change maximum LBA using Set Max Address command to 12,289,535 (BB85FFh) with nonvolatile
option.
From this point, the protected area cannot be accessed till next Set Max Address command is issued. Any
BIOSes, device drivers, or application software access the HDD as if that is the 6.2GB device because the
device acts exactly the same as real 6.2GB device does.
3. Conventional usage without system software support
Since the HDD works as 6.2GB device, there is no special care to use this device for normal use.
4. Advanced usage using protected area
The data in the protected area is accessed by following.
Issue Read Native Max Address command to get the real device maximum LBA. Returned value shows
that native device Maximum LBA is 12,692,735 (C1ACFFh) regardless of the current setting.
Capacity (native)
:
6,498,680,832
byte (6.4GB)
Max LBA (native)
:
12,692,735
(C1ACFFh)
Required size for protected area
:
206,438,400
byte
Required blocks for protected area
:
403,200
(062700h)
Customer usable device size
:
6,292,242,432
byte (6.2GB)
Customer usable sector count
:
12,289,536
(BB8600h)
LBA range for protected area
:
BB8600h to C1ACFFh
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Make entire device be accessible including the protected area by setting device Maximum LBA as
12,692,735 (C1ACFFh) via Set Max Address command with volatile option. By using this option,
unexpected power removal or reset will not make the protected area remained accessible.
Read information data from protected area.
Issue hard reset or POR to inhibit any access to the protected area.
10.7.2 Security extensions
1. Set Max Set Password
2. Set Max Lock
3. Set Max Freeze Lock
4. Set Max Unlock.
The Set Max Set Password command allows the host to define the password to be used during the current power
on cycle. The password does not persist over a power cycle but does persist over a hardware or software reset.
This password is not related to the password used for the Security Mode Feature set. When the password is set the
device is in the Set_Max_Unlocked mode. The Set Max Lock command allows the host to disable the Set Max
commands (except set Max Unlock) until the next power cycle or the issuance and acceptance of the Set Max
Unlock command. When this command is accepted the device is in the Set_Max_Locked mode. The Set Max
Unlock command changes the device from the Set_Max_Locked mode to the Set_Max_Unlocked mode. The Set
Max Freeze Lock command allows the host to disable the Set Max commands (including Set Max UNLOCK) until
the next power cycle. When this command is accepted the device is in the Set_Max_Frozen mode.
The IDENTIFY DEVICE response word 83, bit 8 indicates that this extension is supported if set, and word 86, bit 8
indicate the Set Max security extension enabled if set.
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10.8 Write Cache Function
Write cache is a performance enhancement whereby the device reports as completing the write command (Write
Sector(s), Write Multiple and Write DMA) to the host as soon as the device has received all of the data into its
buffer. And the device assumes responsibility to write the data subsequently onto the disk.
While writing data after completed acknowledgment of a write command, soft reset or hard reset does not affect
its operation. But power off terminates writing operation immediately and unwritten data are to be lost.
Soft reset, Standby (Immediate) command and Flush Cache commands during writing the cached data are
executed after the completion of writing to media. So the host system can confirm the completion of write cache
operation by issuing Soft reset, Standby (Immediate) command or Flush Cache command to the device before
power off.
10.9 Reassign Function
The reassign Function is used with read commands and write commands. The sectors of data for reassignment are
prepared as the spare data sector.
This reassignment information is registered internally, and the information is available right after completing the
reassign function. Also the information is used on the next power on reset or hard reset.
If the number of the spare sector reaches 0 sectors, the reassign function will be disabled automatically.
The spare tracks for reassignment are located at regular intervals from Cylinder 0. As a result of reassignment, the
physical location of logically sequenced sectors will be dispersed.
10.9.1 Auto Reassign Function
The sectors that show some errors may be reallocated automatically when specific conditions are met. The spare
tracks for reallocation are located at regular intervals from Cylinder 0. The conditions for auto-reallocation are
described below.
Non recovered write errors
When a write operation can not be completed after the Error Recovery Procedure (ERP) is fully carried out, the
sector(s) are reallocated to the spare location. An error is reported to the host system only when the write cache is
disabled and the auto reallocation is failed.
If the write cache function is ENABLED, and when the number of available spare sectors reaches 0 sectors, both
auto reassign function and write cache function are disabled automatically.
Non recovered read errors
When a read operation is failed after defined ERP is fully carried out, a hard error is reported to the host system.
This location is registered internally as a candidate for the reallocation. When a registered location is specified as a
target of a write operation, a sequence of media verification is performed automatically. When the result of this
verification meets the criteria, this sector is reallocated.
Recovered read errors
When a read operation for a sector failed once then recovered at the specific ERP step, this sector of data is
reallocated automatically. A media verification sequence may be run prior to the relocation according to the predefined conditions.
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10.10 Power-up in Standby feature set
Power-Up In Standby feature set allows devices to be powered-up into the Standby power management state to
minimize inrush current at power-up and to allow the host to sequence the spin-up of devices.
This feature set will be enabled/disabled via the SET FEATURES command. The enabling of this feature set shall
be persistent after power cycle.
A device needs a SET FEATURES subcommand to spin-up to active state when the device has powered-up into
Standby. The device remains in Standby until the SET FEATURES subcommand is received.
If power-up into Standby is enabled, when an IDENTIFY DEVICE is received while the device is in Standby as a
result of powering up into Standby, the device shall set word 0 bit 2 to one to indicate that the response is
incomplete, then only words 0 and 2 are correctly reported.
The IDENTIFY DEVICE information indicates the states as follows:
identify device information is complete or incomplete
this feature set is implemented
this feature set is enabled or disabled
the device needs the Set Features command to spin-up into active state
10.11 Advanced Power Management feature set (APM)
This feature allows the host to select an advanced power management level. The advanced power management
level is a scale from the lowest power consumption setting of 01h to the maximum performance level of FEh.
Device performance may increase with increasing advanced power management levels. Device power consumption
may increase with increasing advanced power management levels. The advanced power management levels
contain discrete bands, described in the section of Set Feature command in detail. This feature set uses the
following functions:
1. A SET FEATURES subcommand to enable Advanced Power Management
2. A SET FEATURES subcommand to disable Advanced Power Management
Advanced Power Management is independent of the Standby timer setting. If both Advanced Power Management
and the Standby timer are set, the device will go to the Standby state when the timer times out or the device’s
Advanced Power Management algorithm indicates that the Standby state should be entered.
The IDENTIFY DEVICE response word 83, bit 3 indicates that Advanced Power Management feature is supported
if set. Word 86, bit 3 indicates that Advanced Power Management is enabled if set. Word 91, bits 7-0 contain the
current Advanced Power Management level if Advanced Power Management is enabled.
10.12 48-bit Address Feature Set
The 48-bit Address feature set allows devices:
a) with capacities up to 281,474,976,710,655 logical sectors (i.e., up to 144,115,188,075,855,360 bytes for a
512-byte logical block device); and
b) to transfer up to 65536 logical sectors in a single command.
The 48-bit Address feature set operates in LBA addressing only. Devices also implement commands using 28-bit
addressing, and 28-bit and 48-bit commands may be intermixed.
Support of the 48-bit Address feature set is indicated in the Identify Device response bit 10 words 83. In addition,
the maximum user LBA address accessible by 48-bit addressable commands is contained in Identify Device
response words 230 through 233.
When the 48-bit Address feature set is implemented, the native maximum address is the value returned by a Read
Native Max Address Ext command. If the native maximum address is equal to or less than 268,435,455, a Read
Native Max Address shall return the native maximum address. If the native maximum address is greater than
268,435,455, a Read Native Max Address shall return a value of 268,435,455.
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10.13 SATA BIST (Built-in Self Test)
The device supports the following BIST modes, and begins operations when it receives BIST Activate FIS.
F – Far End Analog Loopback.
L – Far End Retimed Loopback
T – Far End Transmit only
A – ALIGN Bypass (valid only in combination with T bit)
S – Bypass Scrambling (valid only in combination with T bit)
Note: The device does not support BIST functionality from the “Power Up in Standby” (PUIS) state. The device
must first exit the PUIS state prior to performing any BIST operations.
10.14 SATA Interface Power Management
The device supports both receiving host-initiated interface power management requests and initiating interface
power management. The device initiates interface power management when the device enters its power saving
mode whose power consumption is lower than Idle mode.
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10.15 Software Setting Preservation
When a device is enumerated, software will configure the device using SET FEATURES and other commands.
These software settings are often preserved across software reset but not necessarily across hardware reset. In
Parallel ATA, only commanded hardware resets can occur, thus legacy software only reprograms settings that are
cleared for the particular type of reset it has issued. In Serial ATA, COMRESET is equivalent to hard reset and a
non-commanded COMRESET may occur if there is an asynchronous loss of signal. Since COMRESET is
equivalent to hardware reset, in the case of an asynchronous loss of signal some software settings may be lost
without legacy software knowledge. In order to avoid losing important software settings without legacy driver
knowledge, the software settings preservation ensures that the value of important software settings is maintained
across a COMRESET. Software settings preservation may be enabled or disabled using SET FEATURES with a
subcommand code of 06h. If a device supports software settings preservation, the feature shall be enabled by
default.
10.15.1 COMRESET Preservation Requirements
The software settings that shall be preserved across COMRESET are listed below. The device is only required to
preserve the indicated software setting if it supports the particular feature/command the setting is associated with.
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS: Device settings established with the INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS
command.
Power Management Feature Set Standby Timer: The Standby timer used in the Power Management feature
set.
Security mode state: The security mode state established by Security Mode feature set commands (refer to
section 10.6 of the ATA/6 specification). The device shall not transition to a different security mode state based on
a COMRESET. For example, the device shall not transition from the SEC5: Unlocked / not Frozen state to state
SEC4: Security enabled / Locked when a COMRESET occurs, instead the device shall remain in the SEC5:
Unlocked / not Frozen state.
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK: The Frozen mode setting established by the SECURITY FREEZE LOCK command.
SECURITY UNLOCK: The unlock counter that is decremented as part of a failed SECURITY UNLOCK command
attempt.
SET ADDRESS MAX (EXT): The maximum LBA specified in SET ADDRESS MAX or SET ADDRESS MAX EXT.
SET FEATURES (Write Cache Enable/Disable): The write cache enable/disable setting established by the SET
FEATURES command with subcommand code of 02h or 82h.
SET FEATURES (Set Transfer Mode): PIO, Multiword, and UDMA transfer mode settings established by the SET
FEATURES command with subcommand code of 03h.
SET FEATURES (Advanced Power Management Enable/Disable): The advanced power management
enable/disable setting established by the SET FEATURES command with subcommand code of 05h or 85h. The
advanced power management level established in the Sector Count register when advanced power management is
enabled (SET FEATURES subcommand code 05h) shall also be preserved.
SET FEATURES (Read Look-Ahead): The read look-ahead enable/disable setting established by the SET
FEATURES command with subcommand code of 55h or AAh.
SET FEATURES (Reverting to Defaults): The reverting to power-on defaults enable/disable setting established by
the SET FEATURES command with a subcommand code of CCh or 66h.
SET MULTIPLE MODE: The block size established with the SET MULTIPLE MODE command.
SANITIZE FREEZE LOCK MODE: The Sanitize Frozen state established by the SANITIZE FREEZE LOCK EXT
command.
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10.16 Serial ATA Revision 3.0 Optional Features
There are several optional features defined in Serial ATA Revision 3.0. The following shows whether these features
are supported or not.
10.16.1 Asynchronous Signal Recovery
The device supports asynchronous signal recovery defined in Serial ATA Revision 3.0.
10.16.2 Device Power Connector Pin 11 Definition
Serial ATA Revision 3.0 specification defines that Pin 11 of the power segment of the device connector may be used
to provide the host with an activity indication and disabling of staggered spin-up.
10.16.3 Phy Event Counters
Phy Event Counters are an optional feature to obtain more information about Phy level events that occur on the
interface. This information may aid designers and integrators in testing and evaluating the quality of the interface. A
device indicates whether it supports the Phy event counters feature in IDENTIFY (PACKET) DEVICE Word 76, bit
10. The host determines the current values of Phy event counters by issuing the READ LOG EXT command with a
log page of 11h. The counter values shall not be retained across power cycles. The counter values shall be
preserved across COMRESET and software resets.
The counters defined can be grouped into three basic categories: those that count events that occur during Data
FIS transfers, those that count events that occur during non-Data FIS transfers, and events that are unrelated to
FIS transfers. Counters related to events that occur during FIS transfers may count events related to host-to-device
FIS transfers, device-to-host FIS transfers, or bi-directional FIS transfers. A counter that records bi-directional
events is not required to be the sum of the counters that record the same events that occur on device-to-host FIS
transfers and host-to-device FIS transfers.
Implementations that support Phy event counters shall implement all mandatory counters, and may support any of
the optional counters as shown in Table 40 Phy Event Counter Identifiers. Note that some counters may increment
differently based on the speed at which non-Data FIS retries are performed by the host and device.
Implementations may record CRC and non-CRC error events differently. For example, there is a strong likelihood
that a disparity error may cause a CRC error. Thus, the disparity error may cause both the event counter that
records non-CRC events and the event counter that records CRC events to be incremented for the same event.
Another example implementation difference is how a missing EOF event is recorded; a missing EOF primitive may
imply a bad CRC even though the CRC on the FIS may be correct. These examples illustrate that some Phy event
counters are sensitive to the implementation of the counters themselves, and thus these implementation sensitive
counters cannot be used as an absolute measure of interface quality between different implementations.
10.16.3.1 Counter Reset Mechanisms
There are two mechanisms by which the host can explicitly cause the Phy counters to be reset.
The first mechanism is to issue a BIST Activate FIS to the device. Upon reception of a BIST Activate FIS the device
shall reset all Phy event counters to their reset value. The second mechanism uses the READ LOG EXT command.
When the device receives a READ LOG EXT command for log page 11h and bit 0 in the Features register is set to
one, the device shall return the current counter values for the command and then reset all Phy event counter
values.
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10.16.3.2 Counter Identifiers
Each counter begins with a 16-bit identifier. Table 40 Phy Event Counter Identifiers defines the counter value for
each identifier. Any unused counter slots in the log page should have a counter identifier value of 0h.
Optional counters that are not implemented shall not be returned in log page 11h. A value of ‘0’ returned for a
counter means that there have been no instances of that particular event. There is no required ordering for event
counters within the log page; the order is arbitrary and selected by the device vendor.
For all counter descriptions, ‘transmitted’ refers to items sent by the device to the host and ‘received’ refers to items
received by the device from the host.
Bits 14:12 of the counter identifier convey the number of significant bits that counter uses. All counter values
consume a multiple of 16-bits. The valid values for bits 14:12 and the corresponding counter sizes are:
1h 16-bit counter
2h 32-bit counter
3h 48-bit counter
4h 64-bit counter
Any counter that has an identifier with bit 15 set to one is vendor specific. This creates a vendor specific range of
counter identifiers from 8000h to FFFFh. Vendor specific counters shall observe the number of significant bits 14:12
as defined above.
Table 40 Phy Event Counter Identifiers
Identifier
(Bits
11:0)
Mandatory/
Optional
Description
000h
Mandatory
No counter value; marks end of counters in the page
001h
Mandatory
Command failed and ICRC bit set to one in Error register
002h
Optional
R_ERR response for Data FIS
003h
Optional
R_ERR response for Device-to-Host Data FIS
004h
Optional
R_ERR response for Host-to-Device Data FIS
005h
Optional
R_ERR response for Non-data FIS
006h
Optional
R_ERR response for Device-to-Host Non-data FIS
007h
Optional
R_ERR response for Host-to-Device Non-data FIS
008h
Optional
Not supported (Device-to-Host non-Data FIS retries)
009h
Optional
Transitions from drive PhyRdy to drive PhyNRdy
00Ah
Mandatory
Signature Device-to-Host Register FISes sent due to a COMRESET
00Bh
Optional
CRC errors within a Host-to-Device FIS
00Dh
Optional
Non-CRC errors within a Host-to-Device FIS
00Fh
Optional
Not supported (R_ERR response for Host-to-Device Data FIS due to CRC errors)
010h
Optional
Not supported (R_ERR response for Host-to-Device Data FIS due to non-CRC errors)
012h
Optional
Not supported (R_ERR response for Host-to-Device Non-data FIS due to CRC errors)
013h
Optional
Not supported (R_ERR response for Host-to-Device Non-data FIS due to non-CRC
errors)
10.16.3.2.1 Counter Definitions
The counter definitions in this section specify the events that a particular counter identifier represents.
10.16.3.2.2 Identifier 000h
There is no counter associated with identifier 000h. A counter identifier of 000h indicates that there are no additional
counters in the log page.
10.16.3.2.3 Identifier 001h
The counter with identifier 001h returns the number of commands that returned an ending status with the ERR bit
set to one in the Status register and the ICRC bit set to one in the Error register.
10.16.3.2.4 Identifier 002h
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The counter with identifier 002h returns the sum of (the number of transmitted Device-to-Host Data FISes to which
the host responded with R_ERRP) and (the number of received Host-to-Device Data FISes to which the device
responded with R_ERRP).
10.16.3.2.5 Identifier 003h
The counter with identifier 003h returns the number of transmitted Device-to-Host Data FISes to which the host
responded with R_ERRP.
10.16.3.2.6 Identifier 004h
The counter with identifier 004h returns the number of received Host-to-Device Data FISes to which the device
responded with R_ERRP. The count returned for identifier 004h is not required to be equal to the sum of the
counters with identifiers 00Fh and 010h.
10.16.3.2.7 Identifier 005h
The counter with identifier 005h returns the sum of (the number of transmitted Device-to-Host non-Data FISes to
which the host responded with R_ERRP) and (the number of received Host-to-Device non-Data FISes to which the
device responded with R_ERRP). Retries of non-Data FISes are included in this count.
10.16.3.2.8 Identifier 006h
The counter with identifier 006h returns the number of transmitted Device-to-Host non-Data FISes to which the host
responded with R_ERRP. Retries of non-Data FISes are included in this count.
10.16.3.2.9 Identifier 007h
The counter with identifier 007h returns the number of received Host-to-Device non-Data FISes to which the device
responded with R_ERRP. Retries of non-Data FISes are included in this count.
10.16.3.2.10 Identifier 009h
The counter with identifier 009h returns the number of times the device transitioned into the PHYRDY state from the
PHYNRDY state, including but not limited to asynchronous signal events, power management events, and
COMRESET events. If interface power management is enabled, then this counter may be incremented due to
interface power management transitions.
10.16.3.2.11 Identifier 00Ah
The counter with identifier 00Ah returns the number of transmitted Device-to-Host Register FISes with the device
reset signature in response to a COMRESET, which were successfully followed by an R_OK from the host.
10.16.3.2.12 Identifier 00Bh
The counter with identifier 00Bh returns the number of received Host-to-Device FISes of all types (Data and nonData) to which the device responded with R_ERRP due to CRC error.
10.16.3.2.13 Identifier 00Dh
The counter with identifier 00Dh returns the number of received Host-to-Device FISes of all types (Data and nonData) to which the devices responded with R_ERRP for reasons other than CRC error.
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10.16.3.3 READ LOG EXT Log Page 11h
READ LOG EXT log page 11h is one page (512 bytes) in length. The first Dword of the log page contains
information that applies to the rest of the log page. Software should continue to process counters until a counter
identifier with value 0h is found or the entire page has been read. A counter identifier with value 0h indicates that
the log page contains no more counter values past that point. Log page 11h is defined in Table 41
Table 41 READ LOG EXT Log Page 11h data structure definition
Byte
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
Reserved
1
Reserved
2
Reserved
3
Reserved
…
…
n
Counter n Identifier
n+1
n+2
Counter n Value
n +
Counter n
Length
…
…
508
Reserved
509
510
511
Data Structure Checksum
Counter n Identifier
Phy event counter identifier that corresponds to Counter n Value. Specifies the particular event counter that is
being reported. The Identifier is 16 bits in length.
Valid identifiers are listed in.
Counter n Value
Value of the Phy event counter that corresponds to Counter n Identifier. The number of significant bits is
determined by Counter n Identifier bits 14:12 (as defined in section 10.16.3.2). The length of Counter n Value
shall always be a multiple of 16-bits. All counters are one-extended. For example, if a counter is only physically
implemented as 8-bits when it reaches the maximum value of 0xFF, it shall be one-extended to 0xFFFF. The
counter shall stop (and not wrap to zero) after reaching its maximum value.
Counter n Length
Size of the Phy event counter as defined by bits 14:12 of Counter n Identifier.
The size of the Phy event counter shall be a multiple of 16-bits.
Data Structure Checksum
The data structure checksum is the 2’s complement of the sum of the first 511 bytes in the data structure. Each
byte shall be added with unsigned arithmetic and overflow shall be ignored. The sum of all 512 bytes of the data
structure will be zero when the checksum is correct.
Reserved All reserved fields shall be cleared to zero
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10.16.4 NCQ NON-DATA (63h)
The NCQ NON-DATA feature allows the host to manage the outstanding NCQ commands and/or affect the
processing of NCQ commands.
The NCQ NON-DATA command is a non-data NCQ command. Only specified NCQ NON-DATA subcommands are
executed as Immediate NCQ commands.
If NCQ is disabled and an NCQ NON-DATA command is issued to the device, then the device aborts the command
with the ERR bit set to one in the Status register and the ABRT bit set to one in the Error register. This command is
prohibited for devices that implement the PACKET feature set. The queuing behavior of the device depends on
which subcommand is specified.
Table 42 NCQ NON-DATA – Command definition
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
Features(7:0)
Subcommand Specific
Subcommand
Features(15:8)
Subcommand Specific
Count(7:0)
TAG
Reserved
Count(15:8)
Subcommand Specific
LBA(7:0)
Subcommand Specific
LBA(15:8)
Subcommand Specific
LBA(23:16)
Subcommand Specific
LBA(31:24)
Subcommand Specific
LBA(39:32)
Subcommand Specific
LBA(47:40)
Subcommand Specific
ICC(7:0)
Reserved
Auxiliary(7:0)
Reserved
Auxiliary(15:8)
Reserved
Auxiliary(23:16)
Subcommand Specific
Auxiliary(31:24)
Reserved
Device(7:0)
Res 1 Res
0
Reserved
Command(7:0)
63h
Table 42 defines the Subcommand values. If an invalid subcommand is specified, then the device aborts the
command with the ERR bit set to one in the Status register, the ABRT bit set to one in the Error register, and
causes all outstanding commands to be aborted.
Table 43 Subcommand Field
Subcommand Specific (TTAG) is the selected queue TAG. This allows the host to select the specific outstanding
queued command to be managed.
The error and normal returns for this command are subcommand specific.
Subcommand
Description
Reference
0h
Abort NCQ queue
12.13.1
1h
Deadline Handling
12.13.2
2h - 4h
Reserved
-
5h
Set Features
Not supported
6h
Reserved
-
7h
ZAC Management Out
12.65.2
8h..Fh
Reserved
-
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10.16.4.1 Abort NCQ Queue Subcommand (0h)
A Subcommand set to 0h specifies the Abort NCQ Queue subcommand (see 12.13.1). The Abort NCQ Queue
subcommand is an immediate NCQ command. Support for this subcommand is indicated in the NCQ NON-DATA
log (see 10.16.4.4).
The Abort NCQ Queue subcommand affects only those NCQ commands for which the device has indicated
command acceptance before accepting this NCQ NON-DATA command.
This command is prohibited for devices that implement the PACKET feature set.
Normal Outputs
If a supported Abort Type parameter is specified, then the device indicates success, even if the command results in
no commands being aborted.
When an Abort NCQ Queue command completes successfully, a Set Device Bits FIS is sent to the host to complete
the Abort subcommand and commands that were aborted as a consequence of the Abort subcommand by setting
the ACT bits for those commands to one. This SDB FIS may also indicate other completed commands.
Error Outputs
The device returns command aborted if:
a) NCQ is disabled and an Abort NCQ queue command is issued to the device;
b) The value of the TTAG field equals the value of the TAG field;
c) The value of the TTAG field is an invalid TAG number; or
d) An unsupported Abort type parameter is specified.
10.16.4.2 Deadline Handling Subcommand (1h)
A Subcommand set to 1h specifies the Deadline Handling Subcommand (see 12.13.2). This subcommand controls
how NCQ Streaming commands are processed by the device. Support for this subcommand is indicated in the
NCQ NON-DATA Log (see 10.16.4.4).
The state of the WDNC and RDNC bits are preserved across software resets and COMRESETs (via Software
Setting Preservations), and are not preserved across power cycles.
Normal Outputs
If this Deadline Handling Subcommand command is supported, the device returns command completed with no
error.
When a Deadline Handling Subcommand command completes successfully, a Set Device Bits FIS is sent to the
host to complete the Deadline Handling subcommand. This SDB FIS may also indicate other completed
commands.
Error Outputs
The device returns command aborted if:
a) NCQ is disabled and a Deadline Handling command is issued to the device;
b) The value of the TTAG field equals the value of the TAG field;
c) The value of the TTAG field is an invalid TAG number; or
d) An unsupported Abort type parameter is specified.
10.16.4.3 SET FEATURES Subcommand (5h)
Set Features Subcommand is not supported. When the drive receives Set Features Subcommand from the host,
the drive will abort the command.
10.16.4.4 READ LOG EXT Log Page 12h(NCQ Non-data Log)
To determine the supported NCQ NON-DATA subcommands and their respective features, host software reads log
address 12h. This log is supported if the NCQ NON-DATA command is supported (i.e., IDENTIFY DEVICE word 77
bit 5 is set to one). Table 44 defines the 512 bytes that make up the SATA NCQ NON-DATA log. The value of the
General Purpose Logging Version word is 0001h.
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Table 44 NCQ NON-DATA Log (12h) data structure definition
Dword
Bits
Description
0
Subcommand 0h
31-5
Reserved
4
Supports Abort Selected TTAG
3
Supports Abort Non-Streaming
2
Supports Abort Streaming
1
Supports Abort All
0
Supports Abort NCQ
1
Subcommand 1h
31-3
Reserved
2
Supports Read Data Not Continue
1
Supports Write Data Not Continue
0
Supports DEADLINE HANDLING
2-4
31-0
Reserved
5
Subcommand 5h
31-1
Reserved
0
Supports Set Features
6
31-0
Reserved
7
31-1
Reserved
0
Support ZAC Management Out
8-127
31-0
Reserved
10.16.4.4.1 Supports the Abort NCQ subcommand
If Supports the Abort NCQ subcommand is set to one, then the device supports the Abort NCQ Queue command
(12.13.1). If Supports the Abort NCQ subcommand is cleared to zero, then the device does not support the Abort
NCQ Queue command.
10.16.4.4.2 Supports Abort All
If Supports Abort All is set to one, then the device supports the value of Abort All for the Abort Type parameter of
the Abort NCQ Queue command. If Supports Abort All is cleared to zero, then the device does not support the
value of Abort All for the Abort Type parameter of the Abort NCQ Queue command.
10.16.4.4.3 Supports Abort Streaming
If Supports Abort Streaming is set to one, then the device supports the value of Abort Streaming for the Abort Type
parameter of the Abort NCQ Queue command. If Supports Abort Streaming is cleared to zero, then the device does
not support the value of Abort Streaming for the Abort Type parameter of the Abort NCQ Queue command.
10.16.4.4.4 Supports Abort Non-Streaming
If Supports Abort Non-Streaming is set to one, then the device supports the value of Abort Non-Streaming for the
Abort Type parameter of the Abort NCQ Queue command. If Supports Abort Non-Streaming is cleared to zero, then
the device does not support the value of Abort Non-Streaming for the Abort Type parameter of the Abort NCQ
Queue command.
10.16.4.4.5 Supports the Abort Selected TTAG
If Supports Abort Selected TTAG is set to one, then the device supports the value of Abort Selected for the Abort
Type parameter of the Abort NCQ Queue command. If Supports Abort Selected TTAG is cleared to zero, then the
device does not support the value of Abort Selected for the Abort Type parameter of the Abort NCQ Queue
command.
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10.16.4.4.6 Supports the Deadline Handling subcommand
If Supports the Deadline Handling subcommand is set to one, then the device supports the Deadline Handling
command. If the Supports the Deadline Handling subcommand is cleared to zero, then the device does not support
the Deadline Handling command.
10.16.4.4.7 Supports WDNC
If Supports WDNC is set to one, then the device supports the WDNC bit of the DEADLINE HANDLING command. If
Supports WDNC is cleared to zero, then the device does not support the WDNC bit of the DEADLINE HANDLING
command.
10.16.4.4.8 Supports RDNC
If Supports RDNC is set to one, then the device supports the RDNC bit of the Deadline Handling command. If
Supports RDNC is cleared to zero, then the device does not support the WDNC bit of the Deadline Handling
command.
10.16.4.4.9 Supports Set Features
If Supports Set Features is set to one, then the device supports the value of Set Features for the SET FEATURES
subcommand of the NCQ NON-DATA command. If the Set Features bit is cleared to zero, then the device does not
support the SET FEATURES subcommand of the NCQ NONDATA command.
10.16.5 Rebuild Assist log (15h)
If the device supports the Rebuild Assist feature (i.e., IDENTIFY DEVICE data Word 78 bit 11 is set to one), then
the Rebuild Assist log shall be supported.
Table 45 Rebuild Assist log (15h) data structure definition
Byte
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
0
Reserved
Rebuild
Assist
Enabled
1…6
Reserved
7
Physical Element Length (N)
8
(MSB)
Disabled Physical Element Mask
(LSB)
7 + N
8 + N
(MSB)
Disabled Physical Elements
(LSB)
7+(2×N)
8+(2×N)..511
Reserved
Physical Element Length
The Physical Element Length field indicates the number of bytes in the Disabled Physical Element Mask field and
the number of bytes in the Disabled Physical Elements field.
The device shall ignore any attempt by the host to change the value of this field when writing to the Rebuild Assist
log.
Disabled Physical Element Mask
The Disabled Physical Element Mask field indicates that bits in the Disabled Physical Elements field are supported.
The device shall ignore any attempt by the host to change the value of this field when writing to the Rebuild Assist
log.
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Disabled Physical Elements
The Disabled Physical Elements field specifies if physical elements shall be disabled. Each bit that is set to one in
the Disabled Physical Elements field specifies that LBAs associated with this physical element shall respond to read
commands and write commands as if the associated LBAs have predicted errors.
Each bit that is set to zero in the Disabled Physical Elements field specifies that LBAs associated with this physical
element shall respond to read commands and write commands as if the associated LBAs do not have predicted
errors.
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Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.17 SCT Command Transport feature Set
10.17.1 Overview
10.17.1.1 Introduction
SMART Command Transport (SCT) is the method for the drive to receive commands using log page E0h and
transporting data using log page E1h. These log pages are used as follows:
Table 46 SCT Log Page and direction
Log page E0h
Log Page E1h
Write log page
Issue Command
Send Data to the drive
Read log page
Return Status
Received Data from the drive
There are two ways to access the log pages: using SMART READ/WRITE LOG and READ/WRITE LOG EXT. Both
sets of commands access the same log pages and provide the same capabilities.
The log directory for log pages E0h and E1h should report a length of one. The length of log page E1h does not
indicate the length of an SCT data transfer.
If SMART is supported, but not enabled, the drive supports SMART READ/WRITE LOG for Log page E0h and E1h.
If security is enabled and password has not been issued to unlock the device, all SCT commands will fail.
10.17.1.2 Capability definition
Capability Identification is performed by issuing Identify Device command. Word 206 of Identify Data is used to
determine if SCT is enabled and which SCT Action Codes are supported.
Table 47 Identify Device Information Word 206
Word
Description
206
SCT Command set support
15-12
Vendor Specific
11-6
Reserved
5
Action Code 5 (SCT Data Table) supported
4
Action Code 4 (Features Control) supported
3
Action Code 3 (Error Recovery Control) supported
2
Action Code 2 (SCT Write Same) supported
1
Obsolete
0
SCT Feature Set supported (includes SCT status)
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10.17.1.3 SCT Command Nesting and intermingling with Standard
commands
In general, standard ATA commands can be intermingled with SCT Commands but SCT commands cannot be
nested. SCT commands that do require a follow-on data transfer operation never have an issue with being
intermixed with any ATA commands or each other. SCT commands that do require data transfer, on the other
hand, may not be nested; that is, if a key command that requires a data transfer is issued, all data transfer – to or
from the host – must complete before another SCT command is issued. In most cases, however, ATA read/write
commands may be inserted in between SCT data transfers, that is, between complete SMART Read Log/Write Log
commands. Furthermore, any reset (power-on, software or hardware) will cause the SCT command to be aborted.
10.17.1.4 Resets
If an SCT command is executing, any reset including Soft Reset, Hard Reset, COMRESET, and Power-On Reset
all cause the command to be terminated. This could result in partial command execution or data loss. There is no
indication once the drive becomes ready that the previous command was terminated.
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10.17.2 SCT Command Protocol
10.17.2.1 Command Transport
SCT Command Transport occurs when a 512-byte data packet (called “Key Sector”) is created and the written to
SMART or extended log page E0h. The key sector specifies Action and Function Codes along with the parameters
that are required to perform the action.
10.17.2.1.1 Issue SCT Command Using SMART
Table 48 Output Registers of SCT Command Using SMART
Command Block Output Registers
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
Feature
D6h
Sector Count
01h
Sector Number
E0h
Cylinder Low
4Fh
Cylinder High
C2h
Device/Head
- - - D - - -
-
Command
B0h
Table 49 Input Registers of SCT Command Using SMART
Command Block Input Registers (Success)
Command Block Input Registers (Error)
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0 Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Error
00h
Error
04h
Sector Count
Depends on command
(LSB)
Sector Count
Extended Status code
(LSB)
Sector Number
Depends on command
(MSB)
Sector Number
Extended Status code
(MSB)
Cylinder Low
Number of sectors to
transfer (LSB)
Cylinder Low
Number of sectors to
transfer (LSB)
Cylinder High
Number of sectors to
transfer (MSB)
Cylinder High
Number of sectors to
transfer (MSB)
Device/Head
- - - - - - -
- Device/Head
- - - - - - -
-
Status
50h
Status
51h
Page 96
96
Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.17.2.1.2 Issue SCT Command Using Write Log Ext
Table 50 Input Registers of SCT Command Using Write Log Ext
Command Block Output Registers
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
Feature
Current
Reserved
Previous
Reserved
Sector Count
Current
01h
Previous
00h
LBA Low
Current
E0h
Previous
Reserved
LBA Mid
Current
00h
Previous
00h
LBA High
Current
Reserved
Previous
Reserved
Device/Head
- - - D - - -
-
Command
3Fh
Table 51 Output Registers of SCT Command Using Write Log Ext
Command Block Input Registers (Success)
Command Block Input Registers (Error)
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0 Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Error
00h
Error
04h
Sector Count
HOB=0
Depends on command
(LSB)
Sector Count
HOB=0
Extended Status Code
(LSB)
HOB=1
Reserved
HOB=1
Reserved
LBA Low
HOB=0
Depends on command
(MSB)
LBA Low
HOB=0
Extended Status Code
(MSB)
HOB=1
Reserved
HOB=1
Reserved
LBA Mid
HOB=0
Number of sectors (LSB)
LBA Mid
HOB=0
Number of sectors (LSB)
HOB=1
Reserved
HOB=1
Reserved
LBA High
HOB=0
Number of sectors (MSB)
LBA High
HOB=0
Number of sectors (MSB)
HOB=1
Reserved
HOB=1
Reserved
Device/Head
- - - - - - -
- Device/Head
- - - - - - -
-
Status
50h
Status
51h
All ATA “previous” registers are reserved in Write Log Ext responses.
Page 97
97
Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.17.2.1.3 Key Sector Format
An SCT command (Key Sector) is always 512 bytes long. Table below shows the generic format of an SCT
command.
Table 52 Key Sector Format
Byte
Field
Words
Description
1:0
Action Code
1
This field defines the command type and
generally specifies the type of data being
accessed, such as sector or physical action
being performed, such as seek.
3:2
Function Code
1
This field specifies the type of access, and
varies by command. For example, this can
specify read, write, verify, etc.
X:4
Parameter1
Depends on command
Depends on command
Y:x+1
Parameter2
Depends on command
Depends on command
… … … …
Total Words
256
The action codes are defined in Table below.
Table 53 SCT Action Code List
Action Code
Block Data
TF Data
Description
0000h
- - Reserved
0001h
Read/Write
Y
Long Sector Access (Not Supported)
0002h
Write
N
SCT Write Same
0003h
- Y Error Recovery Control
0004h
- Y Features Control
0005h
Read
N
SCT Data Table
0006h-BFFFh
- - Reserved
C000h-FFFFh
- - Vendor Specific
Page 98
98
Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.17.2.1.4 Extended Status Code
Table 54 Extended Status Code
Status Code
Definition
0000h
Command complete without error
0001h
Invalid Function Code
0002h
Input LBA out of range
0003h
Request sector count overflow. The number of sectors requested to transfer (Sector Count
register) in the read or write log command is larger than required by SCT command.
0004h
Invalid Function code in Error Recovery command
0005h
Invalid Selection code in Error Recovery command
0006h
Host read command timer is less than minimum value
0007h
Host write command timer is less than minimum value
0008h
Background SCT command was aborted because of an interrupting host command
0009h
Background SCT command was terminated because of unrecoverable error
000Ah
Invalid Function code in Long Sector Access command
000Bh
SCT data transfer command was issued without first issuing an SCT command
000Ch
Invalid Function code in Feature Control command
000Dh
Invalid Feature code in Feature Control command
000Eh
Invalid New State value in Feature Control command
000Fh
Invalid Option Flags in Feature Control command
0010h
Invalid SCT Action code
0011h
Invalid Table ID (table not supported)
0012h
Command was aborted due to drive security being locked
0013h
Invalid revision code
0014h
Foreground SCT operation was terminated because of unrecoverable error
0015h
The most recent non-SCT command returned command completion with an error due to the
SCT Error Recovery Control Read Command Timer or SCT Error Recovery Control Write
Command Timer expiring
0016h-BFFFh
Reserved
C000h-C002h
Vendor Specific
C003h
Overlay switch failure in Long Sector Access command
C004h
Read Long failure
C005h
Write Long failure
C006h
Write Cache enable failure
C007h-FFEFh
Vendor Specific
FFF0h-FFFEh
Reserved
FFFFh
SCT command executing in background
Page 99
99
Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.17.2.2 Data transfer
Once an SCT command has been issued, status can be checked and data can be transferred. Data transfer uses
log page E1h.
10.17.2.2.1 Read/Write SCT Data Using SMART
Table 55 Input Registers of SCT Data Transfer Using SMART
Command Block Output Registers
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Feature
D5h(Read)/D6h(Write)
Sector Count
Number of sectors to be
transferred
Sector Number
E1h
Cylinder Low
4Fh
Cylinder High
C2h
Device/Head
- - - D - - -
-
Command
B0h
10.17.2.2.2 Read/Write SCT Data Using Read/Write Log Ext
Table 56 Input Registers of SCT Data Transfer using Read/Write Log Ext
Command Block Output Registers
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
Feature
Current
Reserved
Previous
Reserved
Sector Count
Current
01h or 08h
Previous
00h
LBA Low
Current
E1h
Previous
Reserved
LBA Mid
Current
00h
Previous
00h
LBA High
Current
Reserved
Previous
Reserved
Device/Head
- - - D - - -
-
Command
2Fh(Read)/3Fh(Write)
Page 100
100
Hard Disk Drive Specification
10.17.2.3 SCT Status Request
Once an SCT command has been issued, a status is reported in the ATA registers. This status indicates that the
command was accepted or that an error occurred. This ATA status return does not indicate successful completion
of the SCT actions. Some commands can take several minutes or even hours to execute. In this case, the host can
determine execution progress by requesting SCT status.
Log page E0h contains the status information. Reading log page E0h retrieves the status information. The SCT
status may be acquired any time that the host is allowing to send a command to the device. This command will not
change the power state of the drive, nor terminate any background activity, including any SCT command in
progress.
10.17.2.3.1 SCT Status Request Using SMART
Table 57 Input Registers of SCT Status Request Using SMART
Command Block Output Registers
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
Feature
D5h
Sector Count
01h
Sector Number
E0h
Cylinder Low
4Fh
Cylinder High
C2h
Device/Head
- - - D - - -
-
Command
B0h
10.17.2.3.2 SCT Status Request Using Read Log Ext
Table 58 Input Registers of SCT Status Request Using Read Log Ext
Command Block Output Registers
Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
Feature
Current
Reserved
Previous
Reserved
Sector Count
Current
01h
Previous
00h
LBA Low
Current
E0h
Previous
Reserved
LBA Mid
Current
00h
Previous
00h
LBA High
Current
Reserved
Previous
Reserved
Device/Head
- - - D - - -
-
Command
2Fh
10.17.2.3.3 Format of SCT Status Response
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