Western Digital WD5000AAKX User Manual

WD Caviar®Blue

SATA Hard Drives

™

XL500S

Technical Reference Manual

WD5000AAKX

WD5000AAKS

WD3200AAKX

WD2500AAKX

WD CONFIDENTIAL

Information furnished by WD is believed to be accurate and reliable. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of WD. WD reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice.

Western Digital, WD, the WD logo, and WD Caviar are registered trademarks; and WD Caviar Blue, IntelliSeek, NoTouch, Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other companies.

Western Digital 20511 Lake Forest Drive Lake Forest, CA 92630

2679-701211-A06

Document Control Number Definition:

2679-701xxx- 0xx-Px NRD

Doc Control No. Doc Revision Level Non-Released Document

Oxx = Released Version Px = Review Cycle

WD CONFIDENTIAL

WD Caviar Blue XL500S

Technical Reference Manual

2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)

RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-701211-A06

XL500S Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 General Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Product Features ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2

2. SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Performance Specifications ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Physical Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................. 5

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.3 Mechanical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................ 7

2.4 Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................................................................ 8

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation ........................................................................................................ 8

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.4.3 Ripple................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

2.4.4 Power Connectors and Cables................................................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Environmental Specifications.....................................................................................................................................................10

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration .....................................................................................................................................................10

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity .........................................................................................................................................11

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location...............................................................................................................................................11

2.5.4 Cooling............................................................................................................................................................................ 12

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure .................................................................................................................................................12

2.5.6 Acoustics ........................................................................................................................................................................12

2.5.7 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) ......................................................................................................12

2.6 Reliability Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................12

2.7 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions ...................................................................................................................................13

2.8 Agency Approvals.........................................................................................................................................................................14

2.9 Full Model Number Specification.............................................................................................................................................. 14

3. PRODUCT FEATURES.............................................................................................................. 15

3.1 SATA 6 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s .........................................................................................................................................................15

3.2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR).............................................................................................................................16

3.3 IntelliSeek .......................................................................................................................................................................................16

3.4 NoTouch Ramp Load Technology ............................................................................................................................................16

3.5 Native Command Queuing (NCQ)...........................................................................................................................................16

3.6 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) ..........................................................................................................................................16

3.7 Femto Slider...................................................................................................................................................................................17

3.8 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)...................................................................................................................................17

3.8.1 Write Same ....................................................................................................................................................................17

3.8.2 Read/Write Long ..........................................................................................................................................................17

3.8.3 Temperature Reporting................................................................................................................................................17

3.9 World Wide Name (WWN) .......................................................................................................................................................18

3.10 Reliability Features Set................................................................................................................................................................18

3.10.1 Data Lifeguard™ ............................................................................................................................................................18

3.10.2 Thermal Management ..................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.3 Internal Environmental Protection System ..............................................................................................................19

3.10.4 Recoverable Errors.......................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.5 Unrecoverable Errors ...................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.6 Self Test ..........................................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.7 ATA Error Logging........................................................................................................................................................20

3.10.8 Defect Management.....................................................................................................................................................20

3.10.9 Automatic Defect Retirement.....................................................................................................................................20

3.10.10 Error Recovery Process...............................................................................................................................................20

3.11 Hot Plug Support..........................................................................................................................................................................21

3.11.1 Hot Plug Technical Issues .......................................................................................................................................... 21

3.12 Active LED Status ........................................................................................................................................................................24

3.13 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)..................................................................................................................................................24

3.14 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11) .....................................................................................24

3.14.1 Staggered Spinup ........................................................................................................................................................24

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Table of Contents XL500S

3.14.2 Activity Indication ..........................................................................................................................................................24

3.15 CacheFlow™ ..................................................................................................................................................................................24

3.15.1 Write Cache...................................................................................................................................................................25

3.15.2 Read Cache ...................................................................................................................................................................25

3.16 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) ..................................................................................................................................25

3.17 Power Management .....................................................................................................................................................................25

3.18 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)..................................................................................26

3.19 Security Mode ...............................................................................................................................................................................26

3.19.1 Master and User Passwords ......................................................................................................................................26

3.19.2 Security Levels ..............................................................................................................................................................26

3.20 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)................................................................................................................................26

4. ATA COMMAND SET ............................................................................................................. 27

4.1 Host Interface Commands .........................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.1 ATA-8 Commands........................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.2 Optional Subcommands .............................................................................................................................................28

4.1.3 Obsolete Commands...................................................................................................................................................28

4.1.4 SCT Commands ...........................................................................................................................................................29

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)........................................................................................................................................................................... 29

4.2.1 Read Attribute Values Sub-Command ....................................................................................................................29

4.2.2 Supported Attributes ...................................................................................................................................................31

4.2.3 Read Log Sector...........................................................................................................................................................32

4.3 Identify Device (ECh)...................................................................................................................................................................33

4.4 Set Features (EFh) ......................................................................................................................................................................39

5. INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES............................................................................. 40

5.1 Unpacking ......................................................................................................................................................................................40

5.1.1 Handling Precautions...................................................................................................................................................40

5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container .............................................................................................................................40

5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container...........................................................................................................................40

5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag.........................................................................................................................40

5.1.5 Moving Precautions......................................................................................................................................................41

5.2 Mounting.........................................................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.1 Mounting Restrictions..................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.2 Orientation......................................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.3 Screw Size Limitations ................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.4 Grounding.......................................................................................................................................................................41

5.3 Hard Drive Installation.................................................................................................................................................................. 41

5.3.1 Jumper Settings.............................................................................................................................................................42

5.3.2 Attach the Power Supply Cable................................................................................................................................44

5.3.3 Attach SATA Interface Cable.....................................................................................................................................44

5.4 Serial ATA Latching Connector ................................................................................................................................................44

6. MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................ 45

ECHNICAL SUPPORT............................................................................................................. 46

7. T

7.1 WD Online Services ....................................................................................................................................................................46

8. GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................. 47

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XL500S List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Mounting Dimensions...........................................................................................................................................7

Figure 2-2 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location ............................................................................................... 11

Figure 2-3 Forced Airflow Direction ................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 2-4 Standard Factory Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 5-1 SATA 6 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................................................................................................................ 42

Figure 5-2 SATA 3 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................................................................................................................ 43

Figure 5-3 Connector Locations ......................................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 5-4 SATA Interface Cable........................................................................................................................................ 44

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List of Tables XL500S

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Shock and Vibration ............................................................................................................................................ 10

Table 2-2 Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions............................................................................................................. 13

Table 2-3 Full Model Number Description........................................................................................................................ 14

Table 4-1 ATA-8 Command Opcodes .............................................................................................................................. 27

Table 4-2 Optional Subcommands ................................................................................................................................... 28

Table 4-3 Obsolete Command Opcodes ......................................................................................................................... 28

Table 4-4 SCT Action Codes .............................................................................................................................................. 29

Table 4-5 Definitions for the 512 Bytes. ........................................................................................................................... 29

Table 4-6 Defined Error Logging Sectors......................................................................................................................... 32

Table 4-7 Identify Device Command.................................................................................................................................. 33

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XL500S Description and Features

1.0 DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES

1.1 General Description

This WD SATA drive combines up to 16 MB cache and 6 Gb/s transfer rate for lightning-fast performance and cool, quiet operation. WD’s IntelliSeek™ technology calculates the optimum seek speeds to lower power consumption, noise and vibration. And to increase reliability, NoTouch™ parks the recording head off the drive surface during spin up, spin down and when the drive is off to ensure the head never touches the disk surface. These drives scored a perfect 5.9 on the Windows Experience Index and are Windows Vista™ certified.

These hard drives are your best choice for today’s powerful, information-hungry systems running Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Windows 2003 Server, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000 operating systems on Intel as AMD processors.

WD’s rugged and reliable hard drives are designed and manufactured to the highest standards of quality and reliability. Built to last, this SATA hard drive is made for years of coolrunning, high-performance operation around the clock. Before shipping, every drive undergoes over 200 rigorous tests to ensure functionality and compatibility.

Itanium®, Xeon™ and Pentium® 4 as well

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Description and Features XL500S

1.2 Product Features

 Serial ATA (SATA) — Serial ATA (SATA) is the next generation bus interface for hard

drives. It is designed to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.

 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) — With PMR technology the

magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades. This enables more data on a given disk than is possible with conventional longitudinal recording, and provides a platform for future expansion of hard drive densities.

 IntelliSeek™ — Key product feature that calculates optimum seek speeds to lower

power consumption, noise, and vibration.

 NoTouch™ Ramp Load Technology — The recording head never touches the disk media

ensuring significantly less wear to the recording head and media as well as better drive protection in transit.

 Native Command Queuing (NCQ) — Performance of a random I/O workload can be

improved through intelligent re-ordering of the I/O requests so they read/write to and from the nearest available sectors and minimize the need for additional disk revolutions or head actuator movement. This improvement can be achieved though Native Command Queing (NCQ) , which is supported by these hard drives.

 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) —This WD feature provides a solution for

protecting the recording media against mechanical wear. In cases where the drive is so busy with incoming commands that it is forced to stay in a same cylinder position for a long time, the PWL control engine initiates forced seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even distribution and does not become depleted. This feature ensures reliability for applications that perform a high incidence of read/write operations at the same physical location on the disk.

 Femto Slider — These drives incorporate the femto slider form factor in which the read/

write head is mounted on the small, lightweight femto slider which allows the head to move more quickly from track to track on the disk.

 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set

provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages.

 World Wide Name (WWN) — The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/ATAPI-7

is a modification of the IEEE extended unique identifier 64 bit standard (EUI-64) and is comprised of three major components: naming authority, organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number. WD's OUI is 0014EEh.

 Reliability Features Set-Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing

commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

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XL500S Description and Features

 Hot Plug Support — SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the

ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

 Active LED Status — The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an

activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-

viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased nonoperational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

 Staggered Spin-Up — Next generation SATA 3.0 Gb/s feature that allows the system

to control whether the drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.

 CacheFlow™ —WD’s unique, multi-generation caching algorithm evaluates the way data

is read from and written to the drive and adapts “on-the-fly” to the optimum read and write caching methods. CacheFlow minimizes disk seek operations and overheads due to rotational latency. CacheFlow supports sequential and random write cache. With write cache and other CacheFlow features, the user can cache both read and write data. The cache can hold multiple writes and collectively write them to the hard disk.

 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) — WD SATA drives support both 48-bit and

28-bit LBA and CHS-based addressing. LBA is included in advanced BIOS and operating system device drivers and ensures high capacity disk integration.

 Power Management — The drive supports the ATA and SATA power management

command set, allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive by issuing a variety of power management commands.

 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — S.M.A.R.T.

enables a drive’s internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at the host level and during offline activities. S.M.A.R.T. devices employ data analysis algorithms that are used to predict the likelihood of some near-term degradation or fault conditions. When used with a S.M.A.R.T. application, the drive can alert the host system of a negative reliability status condition. The host system can then warn the user of the impending risk of data loss and recommend an appropriate action.

 ATA Security — The drive supports the ATA Security Mode Feature set. The ATA

Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents unauthorized hard disk access even if the drive is removed from the host computer. The correct password must be supplied to the hard drive in order to access user data. Both the User and Master Password features are supported, along with the High and Maximum security modes. The Master Password Revision code is also supported. This feature varies by drive configuration and may not be available on all configurations.

 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM) — The drive supports the Automatic

Acoustic Management feature. This feature allows the host to select the acoustic level of the hard drive.

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Specifications XL500S

2.0 SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Performance Specifications

Average Latency 4.2 ms (nominal)

Rotational Speed 7200 RPM (nominal)

Data Transfer Rate (maximum)

- Buffer to Host

- Host to/from Drive

Interleave 1:1

Buffer Size 16 MB

Error Rate - Unrecoverable <1 in 10

Spindle Start Time

- From Power-on to Drive Ready

- From Power-on to Rotational Speed

Spindle Stop Time 5.1s average

Load/Unload Cycles

As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface,

megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second. Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

Defined as the time from power-on to the setting of Drive Ready and Seek Complete including calibration.

Defined as the time from power-on to when the full spindle rotational speed is reached.

Controlled unload at ambient condition.

6 Gb/s maximum (WDxxxxAAKX) 3 Gb/s maximum (WD5000AAKS) 126 MB/s sustained (maximum)

bits read

8.5s average

5.5s average

300,000

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XL500S Specifications

2.2 Physical Specifications

Physical Specifications

Capacity 500,107 MB 320,072 MB 250,059 MB

Interface SATA 6 Gb/s (AAKX)

Number of Disks 1 1 1

Data Surfaces 221

Number of Heads 221

Bytes per Sector 512 512 512

User Sectors per Drive 976,773,168

Servo Type Embedded Embedded Embedded

Recording Method EPR4 Rate 16/17 PRML Rate 16/17 PRML Rate 16/17 PRML

ECC Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon

Head Park

PRML - Partial Response Maximum Likelihood

Turning off the system power causes the drive to perform an automatic head park operation.

Specifications represented are of a typical production drive and may be subject to change or variation without notice.

As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second. Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

1,2

WD5000AAKX

WD3200AAKX WD2500AAKX

WD5000AAKS

SATA 3 Gb/s (AAKS)

Automatic Automatic Automatic

SATA 6 Gb/s SATA 6 Gb/s

625,142,448

488,397,168

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Specifications XL500S

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions

English Metric

Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance

Height 1.028 inches MAX 26.1 mm MAX

Length 5.787 inches MAX 147.0 mm MAX

Width 4.00 inches ±0.01 inch 101.6 mm ±0.25 mm

Weight (QD) 0.99 pounds ±10% 0.45 kg ±10%

Weight (STD) 0.97 pounds ±10% 0.44 kg ±10%

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XL500S Specifications

2.3 Mechanical Specifications

Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive.

Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions

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Specifications XL500S

2.4 Electrical Specifications

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

Operating Mode

RMS Current

Power, Average

12 VDC 5 VDC

Spinup 1.6A (max) 490 mA 12.9W

Read/Write 275 mA 535 mA 6.0W

Seek 300 mA 525 mA 6.3W

POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS

Operating Mode

RMS Current

Power, Average

12 VDC 5 VDC

Idle (E1H) 275 mA 450 mA 5.6W

Standby (E0H) 6 mA 170 mA 0.92W

Sleep (E6H) 6 mA 170 mA 0.92W

All values are typical (25°C, 5.0V, and 12V input).

3.3V Serial ATA power not utilized in this product.

Note: Current measurements cut off frequency at 1 kHz.

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XL500S Specifications

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements

The input voltage requirements are +5.0V ± 5% and +12.0V ± 10%.

2.4.3 Ripple

+12 VDC +5 VDC

Maximum Frequency

200 mV (double amplitude)

0-30 MHz

100 mV (double amplitude)

0-30 MHz

2.4.4 Power Connectors and Cables

SATA Connectors

For information on SATA data connectors, refer to the Serial ATA 1.0 specification available for download at www.serialata.org.

At the time of this printing, there are no published standards for SATA power/mating connectors or power/data cable wire gauges.

Cabling Requirements for SATA

The SATA cable consists of four conductors in two differential pairs. The cable may also include drain wires to be terminated to the ground pins in the SATA cable receptacle connectors. See the SATA 1.0 specification for cable specifications. The cable's maximum length is one meter.

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Specifications XL500S

2.5 Environmental Specifications

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration

Table 2-1. Shock and Vibration

Shock

Operating 30G, 2 ms (read/write)

65G, 2 ms (read)

Non-operating (2 ms) 350G

Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors.

Vibration

Operating Linear: 20-300 Hz, 0.75G (0 to peak)

Random: 0.008 g

Non-operating Linear: 20-500 Hz, 4.0G (0 to peak)

Random: 0.05 g

Sweep Rate 0.5 octave/minute minimum

Drive Generated Vibration

Operating 0.2 gm-mm average with the drive in an unconstrained condition

Rotational Shock Non-Operating

Amplitude 20K rad/sec

Duration 2 ms

/Hz (10-300 Hz)

Operating Vibration

Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage and no hard errors while subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1. Operating performance may degrade during periods of exposure to continuous vibration.

Non-Operating Vibration

Note: This specification applies to handling and transportation of unmounted drives.

Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1.

Packaged Shock and Vibration

The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National/International Safe Transit Association (N/ISTA) standards for packaged products. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to the N/ISTA standards.

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