Western Digital WD5000AAKX User Manual

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WD Caviar®Blue

SATA Hard Drives

™

XL500S

Technical Reference Manual

WD5000AAKX

WD5000AAKS

WD3200AAKX

WD2500AAKX

WD CONFIDENTIAL

Information furnished by WD is believed to be accurate and reliable. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of WD. WD reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice.

Western Digital, WD, the WD logo, and WD Caviar are registered trademarks; and WD Caviar Blue, IntelliSeek, NoTouch, Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other companies.

Western Digital 20511 Lake Forest Drive Lake Forest, CA 92630

2679-701211-A06

Document Control Number Definition:

2679-701xxx- 0xx-Px NRD

Doc Control No. Doc Revision Level Non-Released Document

Oxx = Released Version Px = Review Cycle

WD CONFIDENTIAL

WD Caviar Blue XL500S

Technical Reference Manual

2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)

RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-701211-A06

XL500S Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 General Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Product Features ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2

2. SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Performance Specifications ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Physical Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................. 5

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.3 Mechanical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................ 7

2.4 Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................................................................ 8

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation ........................................................................................................ 8

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.4.3 Ripple................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

2.4.4 Power Connectors and Cables................................................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Environmental Specifications.....................................................................................................................................................10

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration .....................................................................................................................................................10

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity .........................................................................................................................................11

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location...............................................................................................................................................11

2.5.4 Cooling............................................................................................................................................................................ 12

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure .................................................................................................................................................12

2.5.6 Acoustics ........................................................................................................................................................................12

2.5.7 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) ......................................................................................................12

2.6 Reliability Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................12

2.7 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions ...................................................................................................................................13

2.8 Agency Approvals.........................................................................................................................................................................14

2.9 Full Model Number Specification.............................................................................................................................................. 14

3. PRODUCT FEATURES.............................................................................................................. 15

3.1 SATA 6 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s .........................................................................................................................................................15

3.2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR).............................................................................................................................16

3.3 IntelliSeek .......................................................................................................................................................................................16

3.4 NoTouch Ramp Load Technology ............................................................................................................................................16

3.5 Native Command Queuing (NCQ)...........................................................................................................................................16

3.6 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) ..........................................................................................................................................16

3.7 Femto Slider...................................................................................................................................................................................17

3.8 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)...................................................................................................................................17

3.8.1 Write Same ....................................................................................................................................................................17

3.8.2 Read/Write Long ..........................................................................................................................................................17

3.8.3 Temperature Reporting................................................................................................................................................17

3.9 World Wide Name (WWN) .......................................................................................................................................................18

3.10 Reliability Features Set................................................................................................................................................................18

3.10.1 Data Lifeguard™ ............................................................................................................................................................18

3.10.2 Thermal Management ..................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.3 Internal Environmental Protection System ..............................................................................................................19

3.10.4 Recoverable Errors.......................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.5 Unrecoverable Errors ...................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.6 Self Test ..........................................................................................................................................................................19

3.10.7 ATA Error Logging........................................................................................................................................................20

3.10.8 Defect Management.....................................................................................................................................................20

3.10.9 Automatic Defect Retirement.....................................................................................................................................20

3.10.10 Error Recovery Process...............................................................................................................................................20

3.11 Hot Plug Support..........................................................................................................................................................................21

3.11.1 Hot Plug Technical Issues .......................................................................................................................................... 21

3.12 Active LED Status ........................................................................................................................................................................24

3.13 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)..................................................................................................................................................24

3.14 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11) .....................................................................................24

3.14.1 Staggered Spinup ........................................................................................................................................................24

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Table of Contents XL500S

3.14.2 Activity Indication ..........................................................................................................................................................24

3.15 CacheFlow™ ..................................................................................................................................................................................24

3.15.1 Write Cache...................................................................................................................................................................25

3.15.2 Read Cache ...................................................................................................................................................................25

3.16 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) ..................................................................................................................................25

3.17 Power Management .....................................................................................................................................................................25

3.18 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)..................................................................................26

3.19 Security Mode ...............................................................................................................................................................................26

3.19.1 Master and User Passwords ......................................................................................................................................26

3.19.2 Security Levels ..............................................................................................................................................................26

3.20 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)................................................................................................................................26

4. ATA COMMAND SET ............................................................................................................. 27

4.1 Host Interface Commands .........................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.1 ATA-8 Commands........................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.2 Optional Subcommands .............................................................................................................................................28

4.1.3 Obsolete Commands...................................................................................................................................................28

4.1.4 SCT Commands ...........................................................................................................................................................29

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)........................................................................................................................................................................... 29

4.2.1 Read Attribute Values Sub-Command ....................................................................................................................29

4.2.2 Supported Attributes ...................................................................................................................................................31

4.2.3 Read Log Sector...........................................................................................................................................................32

4.3 Identify Device (ECh)...................................................................................................................................................................33

4.4 Set Features (EFh) ......................................................................................................................................................................39

5. INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES............................................................................. 40

5.1 Unpacking ......................................................................................................................................................................................40

5.1.1 Handling Precautions...................................................................................................................................................40

5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container .............................................................................................................................40

5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container...........................................................................................................................40

5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag.........................................................................................................................40

5.1.5 Moving Precautions......................................................................................................................................................41

5.2 Mounting.........................................................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.1 Mounting Restrictions..................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.2 Orientation......................................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.3 Screw Size Limitations ................................................................................................................................................41

5.2.4 Grounding.......................................................................................................................................................................41

5.3 Hard Drive Installation.................................................................................................................................................................. 41

5.3.1 Jumper Settings.............................................................................................................................................................42

5.3.2 Attach the Power Supply Cable................................................................................................................................44

5.3.3 Attach SATA Interface Cable.....................................................................................................................................44

5.4 Serial ATA Latching Connector ................................................................................................................................................44

6. MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................ 45

ECHNICAL SUPPORT............................................................................................................. 46

7. T

7.1 WD Online Services ....................................................................................................................................................................46

8. GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................. 47

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XL500S List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Mounting Dimensions...........................................................................................................................................7

Figure 2-2 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location ............................................................................................... 11

Figure 2-3 Forced Airflow Direction ................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 2-4 Standard Factory Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 5-1 SATA 6 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................................................................................................................ 42

Figure 5-2 SATA 3 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................................................................................................................ 43

Figure 5-3 Connector Locations ......................................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 5-4 SATA Interface Cable........................................................................................................................................ 44

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List of Tables XL500S

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Shock and Vibration ............................................................................................................................................ 10

Table 2-2 Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions............................................................................................................. 13

Table 2-3 Full Model Number Description........................................................................................................................ 14

Table 4-1 ATA-8 Command Opcodes .............................................................................................................................. 27

Table 4-2 Optional Subcommands ................................................................................................................................... 28

Table 4-3 Obsolete Command Opcodes ......................................................................................................................... 28

Table 4-4 SCT Action Codes .............................................................................................................................................. 29

Table 4-5 Definitions for the 512 Bytes. ........................................................................................................................... 29

Table 4-6 Defined Error Logging Sectors......................................................................................................................... 32

Table 4-7 Identify Device Command.................................................................................................................................. 33

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XL500S Description and Features

1.0 DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES

1.1 General Description

This WD SATA drive combines up to 16 MB cache and 6 Gb/s transfer rate for lightning-fast performance and cool, quiet operation. WD’s IntelliSeek™ technology calculates the optimum seek speeds to lower power consumption, noise and vibration. And to increase reliability, NoTouch™ parks the recording head off the drive surface during spin up, spin down and when the drive is off to ensure the head never touches the disk surface. These drives scored a perfect 5.9 on the Windows Experience Index and are Windows Vista™ certified.

These hard drives are your best choice for today’s powerful, information-hungry systems running Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Windows 2003 Server, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000 operating systems on Intel as AMD processors.

WD’s rugged and reliable hard drives are designed and manufactured to the highest standards of quality and reliability. Built to last, this SATA hard drive is made for years of coolrunning, high-performance operation around the clock. Before shipping, every drive undergoes over 200 rigorous tests to ensure functionality and compatibility.

Itanium®, Xeon™ and Pentium® 4 as well

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Description and Features XL500S

1.2 Product Features

 Serial ATA (SATA) — Serial ATA (SATA) is the next generation bus interface for hard

drives. It is designed to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.

 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) — With PMR technology the

magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades. This enables more data on a given disk than is possible with conventional longitudinal recording, and provides a platform for future expansion of hard drive densities.

 IntelliSeek™ — Key product feature that calculates optimum seek speeds to lower

power consumption, noise, and vibration.

 NoTouch™ Ramp Load Technology — The recording head never touches the disk media

ensuring significantly less wear to the recording head and media as well as better drive protection in transit.

 Native Command Queuing (NCQ) — Performance of a random I/O workload can be

improved through intelligent re-ordering of the I/O requests so they read/write to and from the nearest available sectors and minimize the need for additional disk revolutions or head actuator movement. This improvement can be achieved though Native Command Queing (NCQ) , which is supported by these hard drives.

 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) —This WD feature provides a solution for

protecting the recording media against mechanical wear. In cases where the drive is so busy with incoming commands that it is forced to stay in a same cylinder position for a long time, the PWL control engine initiates forced seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even distribution and does not become depleted. This feature ensures reliability for applications that perform a high incidence of read/write operations at the same physical location on the disk.

 Femto Slider — These drives incorporate the femto slider form factor in which the read/

write head is mounted on the small, lightweight femto slider which allows the head to move more quickly from track to track on the disk.

 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set

provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages.

 World Wide Name (WWN) — The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/ATAPI-7

is a modification of the IEEE extended unique identifier 64 bit standard (EUI-64) and is comprised of three major components: naming authority, organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number. WD's OUI is 0014EEh.

 Reliability Features Set-Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing

commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

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XL500S Description and Features

 Hot Plug Support — SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the

ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

 Active LED Status — The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an

activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-

viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased nonoperational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

 Staggered Spin-Up — Next generation SATA 3.0 Gb/s feature that allows the system

to control whether the drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.

 CacheFlow™ —WD’s unique, multi-generation caching algorithm evaluates the way data

is read from and written to the drive and adapts “on-the-fly” to the optimum read and write caching methods. CacheFlow minimizes disk seek operations and overheads due to rotational latency. CacheFlow supports sequential and random write cache. With write cache and other CacheFlow features, the user can cache both read and write data. The cache can hold multiple writes and collectively write them to the hard disk.

 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) — WD SATA drives support both 48-bit and

28-bit LBA and CHS-based addressing. LBA is included in advanced BIOS and operating system device drivers and ensures high capacity disk integration.

 Power Management — The drive supports the ATA and SATA power management

command set, allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive by issuing a variety of power management commands.

 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — S.M.A.R.T.

enables a drive’s internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at the host level and during offline activities. S.M.A.R.T. devices employ data analysis algorithms that are used to predict the likelihood of some near-term degradation or fault conditions. When used with a S.M.A.R.T. application, the drive can alert the host system of a negative reliability status condition. The host system can then warn the user of the impending risk of data loss and recommend an appropriate action.

 ATA Security — The drive supports the ATA Security Mode Feature set. The ATA

Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents unauthorized hard disk access even if the drive is removed from the host computer. The correct password must be supplied to the hard drive in order to access user data. Both the User and Master Password features are supported, along with the High and Maximum security modes. The Master Password Revision code is also supported. This feature varies by drive configuration and may not be available on all configurations.

 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM) — The drive supports the Automatic

Acoustic Management feature. This feature allows the host to select the acoustic level of the hard drive.

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Specifications XL500S

2.0 SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Performance Specifications

Average Latency 4.2 ms (nominal)

Rotational Speed 7200 RPM (nominal)

Data Transfer Rate (maximum)

- Buffer to Host

- Host to/from Drive

Interleave 1:1

Buffer Size 16 MB

Error Rate - Unrecoverable <1 in 10

Spindle Start Time

- From Power-on to Drive Ready

- From Power-on to Rotational Speed

Spindle Stop Time 5.1s average

Load/Unload Cycles

As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface,

megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second. Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

Defined as the time from power-on to the setting of Drive Ready and Seek Complete including calibration.

Defined as the time from power-on to when the full spindle rotational speed is reached.

Controlled unload at ambient condition.

6 Gb/s maximum (WDxxxxAAKX) 3 Gb/s maximum (WD5000AAKS) 126 MB/s sustained (maximum)

bits read

8.5s average

5.5s average

300,000

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XL500S Specifications

2.2 Physical Specifications

Physical Specifications

Capacity 500,107 MB 320,072 MB 250,059 MB

Interface SATA 6 Gb/s (AAKX)

Number of Disks 1 1 1

Data Surfaces 221

Number of Heads 221

Bytes per Sector 512 512 512

User Sectors per Drive 976,773,168

Servo Type Embedded Embedded Embedded

Recording Method EPR4 Rate 16/17 PRML Rate 16/17 PRML Rate 16/17 PRML

ECC Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon

Head Park

PRML - Partial Response Maximum Likelihood

Turning off the system power causes the drive to perform an automatic head park operation.

Specifications represented are of a typical production drive and may be subject to change or variation without notice.

As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second. Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

1,2

WD5000AAKX

WD3200AAKX WD2500AAKX

WD5000AAKS

SATA 3 Gb/s (AAKS)

Automatic Automatic Automatic

SATA 6 Gb/s SATA 6 Gb/s

625,142,448

488,397,168

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Specifications XL500S

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions

English Metric

Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance

Height 1.028 inches MAX 26.1 mm MAX

Length 5.787 inches MAX 147.0 mm MAX

Width 4.00 inches ±0.01 inch 101.6 mm ±0.25 mm

Weight (QD) 0.99 pounds ±10% 0.45 kg ±10%

Weight (STD) 0.97 pounds ±10% 0.44 kg ±10%

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XL500S Specifications

2.3 Mechanical Specifications

Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive.

Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions

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Specifications XL500S

2.4 Electrical Specifications

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

Operating Mode

RMS Current

Power, Average

12 VDC 5 VDC

Spinup 1.6A (max) 490 mA 12.9W

Read/Write 275 mA 535 mA 6.0W

Seek 300 mA 525 mA 6.3W

POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS

Operating Mode

RMS Current

Power, Average

12 VDC 5 VDC

Idle (E1H) 275 mA 450 mA 5.6W

Standby (E0H) 6 mA 170 mA 0.92W

Sleep (E6H) 6 mA 170 mA 0.92W

All values are typical (25°C, 5.0V, and 12V input).

3.3V Serial ATA power not utilized in this product.

Note: Current measurements cut off frequency at 1 kHz.

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XL500S Specifications

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements

The input voltage requirements are +5.0V ± 5% and +12.0V ± 10%.

2.4.3 Ripple

+12 VDC +5 VDC

Maximum Frequency

200 mV (double amplitude)

0-30 MHz

100 mV (double amplitude)

0-30 MHz

2.4.4 Power Connectors and Cables

SATA Connectors

For information on SATA data connectors, refer to the Serial ATA 1.0 specification available for download at www.serialata.org.

At the time of this printing, there are no published standards for SATA power/mating connectors or power/data cable wire gauges.

Cabling Requirements for SATA

The SATA cable consists of four conductors in two differential pairs. The cable may also include drain wires to be terminated to the ground pins in the SATA cable receptacle connectors. See the SATA 1.0 specification for cable specifications. The cable's maximum length is one meter.

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Specifications XL500S

2.5 Environmental Specifications

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration

Table 2-1. Shock and Vibration

Shock

Operating 30G, 2 ms (read/write)

65G, 2 ms (read)

Non-operating (2 ms) 350G

Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors.

Vibration

Operating Linear: 20-300 Hz, 0.75G (0 to peak)

Random: 0.008 g

Non-operating Linear: 20-500 Hz, 4.0G (0 to peak)

Random: 0.05 g

Sweep Rate 0.5 octave/minute minimum

Drive Generated Vibration

Operating 0.2 gm-mm average with the drive in an unconstrained condition

Rotational Shock Non-Operating

Amplitude 20K rad/sec

Duration 2 ms

/Hz (10-300 Hz)

Operating Vibration

Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage and no hard errors while subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1. Operating performance may degrade during periods of exposure to continuous vibration.

Non-Operating Vibration

Note: This specification applies to handling and transportation of unmounted drives.

Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1.

Packaged Shock and Vibration

The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National/International Safe Transit Association (N/ISTA) standards for packaged products. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to the N/ISTA standards.

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XL500S Specifications

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity

Temperature & Humidity

Operating ambient temperature

Max base casting temperature

S.M.A.R.T. temperature value reported within ±3°C

Humidity 5-95% RH non-condensing

Thermal Gradient 20°C/hour (maximum)

Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)

Non-operating Temperature -40°C to 70°C

Humidity 5-95% RH non-condensing

Thermal Gradient 30°C/hour (maximum)

Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)

Ambient temperature is defined as the temperature of the environment immediately surrounding the drive. The

system environment must allow sufficient air flow to limit maximum surface temperatures as defined.

See Figure 2-2. Actual drive case temperature should be below 65°C and within the 0-60°C operating ambient

temperature.

0°C to 60°C

65°C

37.7°C (maximum wet bulb)

33°C (maximum wet bulb)

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location

Component Location

Drive base casting #1, Figure 2-2

Figure 2-2. Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location

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Specifications XL500S

2.5.4 Cooling

If forced air cooling is required, the drive must be positioned to receive airflow from one or more fans as indicated in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3. Forced Airflow Direction

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure

Altitude

Operating -1,000 feet to 10,000 feet (-305M to 3,050M)

Non-operating -1,000 feet to 40,000 feet (-305M to 12,200M)

2.5.6 Acoustics

TYPICAL SOUND POWER LEVEL

Idle Mode (average dBA)

Performance Seek Mode (average dBA)

Measured per ECMA-74/ISO 7779.

No audible pure tones.

Random seek at a rate of 26 seeks per second.

2.5.7 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

WD complies with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament, which is effective in the EU beginning July 1, 2006. RoHS aims to protect human health and the environment by restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other substances.

The reliability, performance, and specifications of WD products are unchanged from previously manufactured WD products, remaining among the highest in the industry.

2.6 Reliability Specifications

Component Design Life 5 years

AFR <0.5%

In a typical desktop environment.

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XL500S Specifications

2.7 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions

These drives interface with the host I/O bus via the SATA interface connection illustrated in Figure 2-4 below. The drive receives power from the SATA power connection or legacy ATA 4-pin power connector J3 in Figure 2-4. Table 2-2 identifies the pin definitions of the SATA connectors and the corresponding signal names and signal functions.

Figure 2-4. Standard Factory Connectors

Table 2-2. Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions

S1 Gnd 2nd mate

S2 A+ Differential signal pair A from Phy

S3 A-

S4 Gnd 2nd mate

S5 B- Differential signal pair B from Phy

Signal segment

Power segment

S6 B+

S7 Gnd 2nd mate

Key and spacing separate signal and power segments

P4 Gnd 1st mate, GROUND

P5 Gnd 2nd mate, GROUND

P6 Gnd 2nd mate, GROUND

P10 Gnd 2nd mate, GROUND

P11 ACT- Activity LED- (O.C.)/Staggered Spin-up Disable Control

P12 Gnd 1st mate, GROUND

P13

P14

P15

3.3 V power, NC

3.3 V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate, NC

5V power, Precharge, 2nd mate

5V power

2nd mate, 5V power

12 V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate

12 V power

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Specifications XL500S

2.8 Agency Approvals

XL500S Regulatory Number (R/N): 701640

These drives meet the standards of the following regulatory agencies:

 Federal Communication Commission: Verified to comply with FCC Rules for

Radiated and Conducted Emission, Part 15, Subpart B, for Class B Equipment.

 Underwriters Laboratories: Bi-National UL Standard CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950-1-

03/UL 60950-1. Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment (File E101559).

 TUV Essen Laboratories: IEC-950 (EN60950) Standard for Safety of Information

Technology Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment. EN60065. Standard of Safety for Audio, Video, and Similar Electronic Apparatus.

 CE Compliance for Europe: Verified to comply with EN55022:1998 for RF Emissions

and EN55024:1998 for Generic Immunity as applicable.

 C-Tick Compliance for Australia: Verified to comply with AS/NZ3548 for RF

Emissions as required by the Australian Communications Authority.

 Korean KCC Mark: Registered as a Class-B product with the South Korean Ministry of

Information and Communication.

 Taiwan BSMI EMI Certification: Certified as a Class-B product with the Bureau of

Standards Metrology and Inspection (BSMI).

2.9 Full Model Number Specification

Table 2-3 below provides a summary specification of the model number suffix for this product platform.

Table 2-3. Full Model Number Description

Model Number Format ID Product Brand RPM Description

WD5000AAKX-xx3CAX 3C WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 6 Gb/s QD WD5000AAKX-xx1CAX 1C WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 6 Gb/s STD WD5000AAKS-xxV0AX V0 WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S 16 MB SATA 3 Gb/s QD WD5000AAKS-xxV1AX V1 WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S 16 MB SATA 3 Gb/s STD WD5000AAKS-xxWWPA0 WWP WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 3 Gb/s QD WD5000AAKS-xxUU3A0 UU3 WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 3 Gb/s STD WD3200AAKX-xx3CAX 3C WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 6 Gb/s QD WD3200AAKX-xx1CAX 1C WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 6 Gb/s STD WD2500AAKX-xx3CAX 3C WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 6 Gb/s QD WD2500AAKX-xx1CAX 1C WD Caviar Blue 7200 XL500S-4 16 MB SATA 6 Gb/s STD

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3.0 PRODUCT FEATURES

 SATA 6 Gb/s and SATA 3 Gb/s

 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

 IntelliSeek™

 NoTouch™

 Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

 Pre-Emptive Wear Leveling (PWL)

 Femto Slider

 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

 World Wide Name (WWN)

 Reliability Features Set—Data Lifeguard™

 Hot Plug Support

 Active LED Status

 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

 Staggered Spin-Up and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

 CacheFlow™

 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

 Power Management

 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

 Security Mode

 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)

3.1 SATA 6 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s

SATA 6 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s are the next generation interfaces for SATA hard drives. They add to the functionality of the SATA I interface with the following features:

 Native Command Queuing (NCQ) — server feature for performance in random I/O

transaction environments. It aggregates many small random data transfers and allows the disk to reorder the commands in a sequential order for faster access.

 Improved Power Management— provides improved power management features

including Host Initiated SATA Power Management (HIPM) and Device Initiated SATA Power Management (DIPM).

 Staggered Spin-up — allows the system to control whether the drive will spin up

immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready before spinning up.

 Asynchronous Signal Recovery (ASR) — robustness feature that improves signal

recovery.

 Enclosure Services — defines external enclosure management and support features.  Backplane Interconnect — defines how to lay out signal line traces in a backplane.  Auto-activate DMA — provides increased command efficiency through automated

activation of the DMA controller.

 Device Configuration Overlay (DCO) — allows hiding of supported features via a

SATA feature mask.

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3.2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

In perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades. In longitudinal recording, as the bits become smaller and closer together, they experience an increasing demagnetizing field, much like two bar magnets that are placed end-to-end repel one another. A property of the media called coercivity must be increased to counteract the demagnetization to keep the bits stable under thermal fluctuations; otherwise data corruption may occur over time. Higher media coercivity has pushed the recording head write field to the limit of known materials.

In perpendicular recording, the adjacent bits attract instead of repel (as with bar magnets placed side by side,) creating more thermally stable bits. In addition, the media contains a magnetically soft underlayer (SUL) beneath the recording layer. This SUL allows a larger effective write field, thus higher coercivity media, enabling further increases in density. Lastly, because of the vertical orientation of the bits, the PMR recording layer tends to be thicker than that used for longitudinal recording, providing increased signal for the read heads. All of these benefits enable WD engineers to reliably pack more data on a given disk than is possible with conventional longitudinal recording.

3.3 IntelliSeek

WD’s unique IntelliSeek technology proactively calculates an optimum seek speed to eliminate hasty movement of the actuator that produces noise and requires power, which is common in other drives. With IntelliSeek, the actuator’s movement is controlled so the head reaches the next target sector just in time to read the next piece of information, rather than rapidly accelerating and waiting for the drive rotation to catch up. This smooth motion reduces power usage by more than 60 percent compared with standard drives, as well as quiets seek operation and lowers vibration.

3.4 NoTouch Ramp Load Technology

Parks the recording heads off the disk surface during spin up, spin down and when the drive is off. This ensures the recording head never touches the disk surface resulting in improved long term reliability due to less head wear, and improved non-operational shock tolerance.

3.5 Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

These drives support Native Command Queuing. NCQ is a true Enterprise feature for environments such as database, Web servers, and e-mail servers.

Performance of a random I/O workload can be improved through intelligent re-ordering of the I/O requests so they read/write to and from the nearest available sectors and minimize the need for additional disk revolutions or head actuator movement. This improvement is achieved though Native Command Queuing (NCQ).

NCQ allows the drive to re-order read commands, thereby increasing random read IOPs. Additional NCQ features that can prove beneficial include a Write Cache disabled IOP increase and a queuing implementation built upon an existing, highly automated cache architecture. Queued reads in NCQ leverage the same re-ordering schemes used for write caching. The firmware design maintains the "order" of overlapping/colliding queued commands. NCQ is designed to excel in multi-threaded environments with high random I/O loads.

3.6 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL)

This WD feature provides a solution for protecting the recording media against mechanical wear. In cases where the drive is so busy with incoming commands that it is forced to stay in

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a same cylinder position for a long time, the PWL control engine initiates forced seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even distribution and does not become depleted. This feature ensures reliability for applications that perform a high incidence of read/write operations at the same physical location on the disk.

3.7 Femto Slider

These drives incorporate the femto slider form factor in which the read/write head is mounted on the small, lightweight femto slider which allows the head to move more quickly from track to track on the disk. WD’s femto heads enhance tracking and increase shock tolerance, producing a highly stable high-density drive platform.

3.8 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages. Standard ATA commands may be interspersed with SCT commands, but SCT commands cannot be nested. SCT commands that do not require a subsequent data transfer operation are not interspersed with any ATA commands or each other.

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages. This capabilitility is used to pass commands through a driver interface or a bridge where new or unknown commands may be filtered and not passed to the drive. SCT is also used for issuing commands that require more than 8 parameter bytes. ATA8-ACS provides detailed information on the usage and capabilities of SCT. The SCT feature set includes the following commands:

 Write Same  Read/Write Long  Temperature Reporting

3.8.1 Write Same

The Write Same command allows the host to erase the media, or write a pattern repeatedly across the media, with a minimum of data transfer from the host. The host can clear the entire media to zeros or a specific pattern by sending this command with the pattern as a parameter—no data transfer is necessary. Write Same can write the entire media, or just a portion of the media. The host can monitor the progress of the Write Same by issuing SCT Status requests. This frees the host system to do other tasks while the media is being cleared.

3.8.2 Read/Write Long

The function performed by the Long Sector Access command is based on the obsolete ATA READ LONG/WRITE LONG capability, and has been extended beyond 28-bit addressing. The Long Sector data format for both reads and writes is two blocks long (i.e., each block is 512 bytes long). The first block contains the user data. The second data block contains the error correction and detection bytes. The remainder of the second block should contain zeros. Once the SCT command has been issued and the status response indicates that the device is ready to transfer data, log page E1h should be read or written to transfer the data. Long Sector Access commands cause a forced unit access to occur.

3.8.3 Temperature Reporting

The SCT Temperature Reporting (SCT TR) feature allows a host system to access temperature information in the drive. The S.M.A.R.T. temperature value is reported within ±3°C of the base casting temperature. This information can been used to control fans or adjust the usage of various system components to keep the drive within its normal operating

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temperature. Applications include Enterprise, Laptop, Desktop and Consumer Electronics. SCT TR reports the maximum and minimum sustained operating limits, warning level limits, and drive damage limits. In addition to reporting the limits, SCT TR returns the current drive temperature (a temperature history which the host can use to predict heating or cooling trends) and the maximum temperature acheived during the lifetime of the drive as well as the highest temperature achieved since the power was applied to the drive. Detailed information on this capability can be found in ATA8-ACS.

3.9 World Wide Name (WWN)

It has become a critical requirement that hard drives be uniquely identified by computer systems. This allows a drive to maintain its identity as it is transported from system to system or placed on a network. IEEE has defined a format for serial numbers that is widely recognized in the computing industry by adding World Wide Name (WWN) to ATA/ATAPI-7 in 2002.

The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/ATAPI-7 is a modification of the IEEE Extended Unique Identifier 64 bit standard (EUI-64) and is comprised of three major components: naming authority, organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number. WD's OUI is 0014EEh.

3.10 Reliability Features Set

3.10.1 Data Lifeguard™

Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

This self-tuning feature is performed during offline data collection scan. All user sectors on the hard drive are scanned during times of no activity from the host. Any sector determined to be written poorly (e.g., off-track), or that is difficult to recover (e.g., because of a developing media defect or thermal asperity), is marked for repair. Data Lifeguard actively guards your data, even if S.M.A.R.T. operations are disabled.

All WD drives are defect-free and low-level formatted at the factory. After prolonged use, any drive, including a WD drive, may develop defects. If you continue receiving data errors in any given file, use the Data Lifeguard Diagnostics utility to recover, relocate and rewrite the user data to the nearest spare sector and maintain a secondary defect list.

CAUTION: As with all format utilities, some options in the Data Lifeguard

Diagnostics utility will overwrite user data.

Download the latest versions of the Data Lifeguard Diagnostic and Data Lifeguard Tools programs at http://support.wdc.com.

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3.10.2 Thermal Management

The drive is designed with Thermal Management features for high reliability.

 State-of-the-art mechanical design—Mechanical design is optimized to reduce the

drive’s temperature. State-of-the-art thermal dissipation and windage design is employed.

 Closed loop servo management—Thermal management monitors the drive

temperature and can control servo operations to maintain a stable operating temperature under high temperature conditions. This is a closed loop servo and thermal control system.

 S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature Attribute—The S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature Attribute

is supported. The S.M.A.R.T. temperature value is reported within ±3°C of the base casting temperature.

 Ducted airflow—Provides protection to the Read/Write element from heated air.

3.10.3 Internal Environmental Protection System

This dual filter system protects the inside environment of the drive from contamination. System features include:

 Dual Filtration System to ensure fast clean-up times  Directed airflow to maximize mechanical cooling  Increase casting surface area to maximize cooling  Ducted air flow to protect Read Rite elements from heated air  Breather filter located at low pressure area  Enhanced heat dissipation

3.10.4 Recoverable Errors

A sector marked for repair is written back to the same location. The sector is then read several times to be sure that it was written correctly and that there is no media damage at its location (sector test). If the sector does not easily and consistently read correctly, the sector is then relocated with original data.

3.10.5 Unrecoverable Errors

If an unrecoverable error is found during the offline scan, the sector is marked. Future reads from this location will continue to perform full error recovery. However, the next write to this location will perform a sector test to be sure the media is not damaged, and the sector relocated if the sector test fails.

3.10.6 Self Test

Self Test is a quick way to determine the operation status of a drive. The following Self Tests are supported:

 Quick Test: Completes in less than two minutes.  Extended Test: Tests all the critical subsystems of the drive.  Conveyance Test: Quickly identifies issues caused by handling damage.  Selective Test: Scans host-defined sections of the drive.

The test may be run to completion or be performed as a background task as the drive processes other commands from the host. The host may then poll the drive for runtime status and test results. Since the test is embedded in the drive’s firmware, it is always available, requires no installation and can be faster and more effective than a software-based drive test.

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3.10.7 ATA Error Logging

ATA Error Logging provides an industry standard means to record error events and supporting information that is then accessible by the host. The event record includes the exact command that caused the failure, the response of the drive, the time of the event and information about the four commands immediately prior to the errant command. Error Logging can reliably and quickly determine whether a system problem is the result of a hard drive failure or other component malfunction. Error Logging retains total error count for the life of the drive and complete records for the last five errors.

3.10.8 Defect Management

Every WD drive undergoes factory-level intelligent burn in, which thoroughly tests for and maps out defective sectors on the media before the drive leaves the manufacturing facility. Following the factory tests, a primary defect list is created. The list contains the cylinder, head, and sector numbers for all defects.

Defects managed at the factory are sector slipped. Grown defects that can occur in the field are mapped out by relocation to spare sectors on the inner cylinders of the drive.

3.10.9 Automatic Defect Retirement

The automatic defect retirement feature automatically maps out defective sectors while reading or writing. If a defective sector appears, the drive finds a spare sector.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on writes (write auto-relocation):

 Data is always written to disk (using automatic defect retirement if required) and no error

is reported.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on reads (read auto-relocation):

 When host retries are enabled, the drive will internally flag any unrecoverable errors

(DAMNF or ECC). This flagging allows subsequent write commands to this location to relocate the sector only if the sector test fails.

3.10.10 Error Recovery Process

The drive has five means of error recovery:

 ECC On-the-Fly  Preamp Thermal Asperity (TA) Compensation  Read/Write Retry Procedure  Extended Read Retry Procedure

ECC On-the-Fly – If an ECC error occurs, the drive attempts to correct it on-the-fly without retries. Data can be corrected in this manner without performance penalty. The details of the correction algorithm appear in the next section.

Preamp Thermal Asperity Compensation – A Thermal Asperity (TA) is a baseline shift in the readback signal due to heating of the magnetoresistive stripe on the head as a result of physical contact with the disk or a particle. The preamp circuit has the ability to detect and compensate for thermal asperities. When an error cannot be corrected by ECC On-the-Fly, another retry is performed, where the preamp with its thermal asperity detection feature determines if the error is due to a thermal asperity. Once the preamp determines that the error is due to thermal asperity, preamp compensation is enabled. If preamp compensation alone is not enough to recover, then the channel performs a series of TA-specific recoveries.

Read/Write Retry Procedure – This retry procedure is used by all disk controller error types. If the procedure succeeds in reading or writing the sector being tried, then recovery is complete and the controller continues with the command. Each retry operation also checks for servo

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errors. The procedure ends when error recovery is achieved or when all possible retries have been attempted.

Extended Read Retry Procedure – This retry procedure tries combinations of positive/negative track offsets and data DAC manipulations to recover the data. This retry procedure applies only to read data recovery. The Read/Write Retry procedure performs the actual retry operation.

When an extended retry operation is successful, the controller continues with the command. The controller clears any changes in track offset or data DAC settings before the command continues.

3.11 Hot Plug Support

SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

The drive supports hot plugging only in systems where a SATA hard drive storage backplane is used.

The Serial ATA revision 2.5 specification requires staggered pins for both the hard drive and drive receptacles. Staggered pins mate the power signals in the appropriate sequences required for powering up the hot plugged device. These pins are also specified to handle in excess of the maximum allowed inrush current that occurs during drive insertion. SATAcompliant devices thus need no further modification to be hot pluggable and provide the necessary building blocks for a robust hot plug solution, which typically includes:

 Device detection even with power downed receptacles (typical of server applications).  Pre-charging resistors to passively limit inrush current during drive insertion.  Hot plug controllers to actively limit inrush current during drive insertion.

3.11.1 Hot Plug Technical Issues

Reliable hot plugging of disk drives requires careful design of specific issues. Generally, hot plugging is only allowed when blind mating with a backplane, where there are controlled tolerances for alignment of mating connectors. The main issue is preventing droop (a momentary drop in voltage) of the backplane's voltage busses during insertion because of inrush current to charging bypass capacitors in the disk drive.

3.11.1.1 Methods of Controlling Inrush Current

There are two methods of limiting inrush current when hot plugging disk drives. They are hot plug controller IC's and precharge resistors.

3.11.1.1.1 Hot Plug Controller IC's

Hot plug controller IC's ramp up voltages to the inserted disk drive at a controlled slow rate (a constant dv/dt), after full connector mating has been established. This eliminates almost all inrush current. This method does not require staggered precharge contacts, although there usually is a staggered ground 'mate first' pin(s) to ensure ground connection before making power and signal connections. Sometimes added ground pins on both ends of the mating connector are staggered 'mate last' providing the hot plug controller a clear indication of all other pins making solid contact. From an engineering standpoint, this is the most reliable method of hot plugging disk drives, but is expensive to implement on backplanes.

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3.11.1.1.2 Precharge Resistors

Current limiting series precharge resistors on designated power pins make contact before hard power connection is made, providing controlled partial charge of the disk drive's decoupling capacitors. This partial charge is due to IR drop across the precharge resistor caused by disk drive DC loads at partial power. A second current surge occurs when final power connections are made, completing charge of the decoupling capacitors. Use of precharge resistors requires three stages of contact sequencing on the mating connector. The first stage makes initial ground contact, establishing a ground reference between the disk drive and backplane. It also discharges any ESD voltage between the two devices. The second stage contacts connect the precharge resistors, supplying limited current to the inserting disk drive's voltage busses. This allows partial charging of decoupling capacitors on the disk drive. Stage three contacts make hard power and signals connections. The ideal value for precharge resistors is where peak inrush current for both the precharge resistor connections and final hard power connections are similar in amplitude. Even with precharge resistors, there may be some momentary droop of the backplane voltage busses. This residual droop needs to be eliminated or at least reduced to a very small value because most power distribution budgets do not provide allowances for this droop. Low ESR bulk capacitors installed on the backplane voltage busses for each hot plug connector can minimize this droop. Organic dielectric aluminum electrolytic's like OSCON capacitors are a good choice.

3.11.1.2 Capacitor Inrush Current Issues

Tantalum decoupling capacitors can be damaged if inrush current is excessive. Inrush current issues with Tantalum capacitors are complex, but manufactures recommend, as a general rule, 1 ohm of resistance for every volt being switched or a maximum inrush current of 1 amp. See "Surge in solid Tantalum Capacitors" by John Gill of AVX Corporation. This limits the lowest value of precharge resistance for each voltage bus used to a resistance in ohms equal to the bus voltage in volts.

3.11.1.3 Connector Inrush Current Issues

The SATA specification requires 1.5 amps current capacity for every power connector pin. This is well above the initial precharge resistor inrush current limit set by tantalum capacitor requirements. The second inrush current spike when hard power connection is made along with whatever DC current has been established at that time could exceed 1.5 amps but for too short a period of time (<1 ms) to have any affect on connector reliability.

3.11.1.4 Disk Drive Hot Plug Insertion Velocity

The delay between precharge resistor connections and final power connections must be sufficient to allow precharge resistor charging of the disk drives power busses to at least 90% of maximum value the precharge resistors are capable of. The following compares calculated maximum allowable insertion velocity with SATA specification insertion velocity analysis.

3.11.1.4.1 Calculated Velocity

The minimum SATA mating connector staggered pin spacing is 0.35 millimeters. Disk drives typically have around 20mF input capacitance on power busses. Assuming 20mF total decoupling capacitance and a 10-ohm series precharge resistor, the precharge time constant is 0.2 milliseconds. From this, the maximum total precharge time to 90% of full charge is around 2.2 ´ 0.2 milliseconds or 0.44 milliseconds. Therefore, the maximum insertion velocity allowed is .035 centimeters divided by 0.44 milliseconds giving a maximum insertion velocity of 80 centimeters per second.

3.11.1.4.2 SATA Insertion Velocity Analysis

The SATA specification has done tests with hot plug insertion speed. The fastest insertion velocities achieved produced a staggered contact delay of 3 milliseconds, well within the

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previous 0.44 millisecond calculated minimum staggered pin delay allowed. The SATA specification also states that the average effective input capacitance of most of the disk drives tested was 20 mF, the same value used in the previous calculations. The hot plug verification test procedure later in this document includes a test to verify this information.

3.11.1.5 SATA Disk Drive Hot Plug Design Issues

The SATA specification provides pins for series precharge resistors allowing use of this less expensive implementation. This does not exclude the backplane designer from using hot plug controller IC's for a more robust design. The only design requirements for the SATA disk drive its self are providing staggered precharge contacts on the hot plug connector per the SATA specification and ensuring that decoupling capacitors can tolerate a momentary inrush current of about 1 ampere.

3.11.1.5.1 Future Disk Drive Design Change Issues

Any increase in effective decoupling capacitance above 20 mF on any of the disk drive's voltage busses could affect the hot plug compatibility. Any significant change in power-up DC load at power up could also be a problem with backward compatibility. Both these issues need new specification items in drive specifications to set limits for both the disk drive designers and designers of hot plug enclosures.

3.11.1.6 Hot Plug Removal Issues

Generally, removal of hot plug disk drives does not present any technical issues. Drives are usually in a low power state prior to removal. Decoupling capacitors in the disk drive will continue to provide power long enough to soften the sudden loss of current. Bulk capacitors in the power supply and backplane will absorb the drop in power long enough for the regulators to adjust.

3.11.1.7 ESD Issues

Prior to insertion, disk drives can have static charges of thousands of volts relative to the enclosure. This charge needs discharging during the insertion process. If insertion guides are ESD resistive, they will discharge the static charge prior to contact with the mating connector. If the guides are not conductive, then any static charge will discharge at first contact of the mating connector ground pins. This sudden discharge will normally not cause any problems because the static charge of the disk drive is common mode to all internal circuitry making internal differential current and voltages low during discharge. Because of the unpredictable nature of ESD, use of ESD resistive (not metal) insertion guides is a safer solution since it gradually discharges any static charge. Having the disk drive enclosed in a canister also helps ensure proper discharge. It is the responsibility of the hot plug enclosure designer to handle ESD issues in a safe manner.

3.11.1.8 Drive Canisters

Hot pluggable disk drives can be enclosed in a canister for added protection. This added protection is both mechanical and electrical. The main electrical protection is from ESD. Canisters prevent any local discharge onto sensitive parts of the disk drive during handling and insertion. Canisters do increase the cost of the system.

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3.12 Active LED Status

The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

The drive strength of this open Drain Drive Active signal is that it can sink 12mA to 0.4V Max. It is 5V tolerant, meaning that the external LED may be driven from +5V or +3.3V so long as the Host system provides a series resistor to limit the LED current to the lower of 12mA or the rated operating current of the LED. As an example with +5V and a 2 volt forward drop across a 10mA LED, a 300 Ohm 5% 1/16W resistor would be suitable. In the case of a 3.3V supply for the same LED, the resistor would be 130 Ohm 5% 1/16W.

The pin corresponding to P11 shall be used for Active LED (see “Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions” on page 13).

3.13 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

3.14 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

SATA device power connector pin 11 (see “Standard Factory Connectors” on page 13) is defined as a means by the host to DISABLE staggered spinup and it may also be used by the device to provide the host with an activity indication. According to the SATA spec, "Staggered Spin-up Disable and Activity Signal shall not be enabled at the same time."

3.14.1 Staggered Spinup

When multiple disks are installed in an enclosure, it is desirable to provide a simple mechanism by which a subsystem controller can sequence hard drive initialization to minimize the current load presented during power up. Staggered spinup provides this mechanism by preventing the hard drives from spinning up until after successful PHY initialization (i.e., after PHY enters DP7:DR_Ready state).

Staggered spinup is only applicable during initial power-up. If a drive is spun down using ATA commands—as a result of having been placed in Standby or Sleep power modes, for example—the drive shall spin up following the rules that govern spinup from low power modes described in ATA/ATAPI-6 or later.

3.14.2 Activity Indication

The host controller through SATA power pin 11 may access storage device status and activity. The signal provided by the device for activity indication is a low-voltage low-current signal. It is not suitable for directly driving an LED. A buffer circuit external to the device must be employed to drive the LED. The activity signal is based on an open-collector or open-drain active low driver. The device shall tolerate the activity signal being shorted to ground.

3.15 CacheFlow™

CacheFlow is WD’s unique, multi-generation disk caching system. It incorporates read cache with write cache.

WD designed CacheFlow to obtain maximum performance with today’s most popular operating systems and applications. CacheFlow increases performance over prior caching algorithms by increasing the number of times that requested data is in the cache. This reduces

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the number of host commands that require actual media access thereby improving overall drive performance.

Typical applications perform a variety of access patterns, such as random, sequential, and repetitive. CacheFlow is designed to dynamically adapt to the changes in access patterns that occur during the course of application execution.

Random mode is the default operational mode for CacheFlow. Once CacheFlow detects a sequential access pattern, it leaves random mode. CacheFlow also performs predictive read operations to increase the probability that data requested in future commands already exists in the cache.

CacheFlow partitions the buffer into multiple segments to allow for the fact that applications may access multiple non-contiguous areas on the disk. CacheFlow tracks the amount of valid data in each segment and controls the deallocation of segments to maximize drive performance.

3.15.1 Write Cache

CacheFlow is designed to improve both single and multi-sector write performance by reducing delays caused by seek time and rotational latency.

The write cache adaptively detects random and sequential access patterns during application execution.

If a defective sector is found during a write cache operation, that sector is automatically relocated before the write occurs.

3.15.2 Read Cache

CacheFlow implements a multiple segment read cache. Cache segments are assigned to read commands as they are received from the host.

Each read segment consists of pre and post read sectors in addition to the host-requested sectors. This maximizes the amount of cache data in the drive’s buffer, thereby increasing the likelihood of cache hits and improving overall performance.

3.16 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

The 48-bit Address feature set allows devices with capacities up to approximately 281 tera sectors or approximately 144 peta bytes. In addition, the number of sectors that may be transferred by a single command are increased by increasing the allowable sector count to 16 bits.

48-bit Address

Bits (47:40) Bits (39:32) Bits (31:24) Bits (23:16) Bits (15:8) Bits (7:0)

LBA High (exp) LBA Mid (exp) LBA Low (exp) LBA High LBA Mid LBA Low

16-bit Sector Count

Bits (15:8) Bits (7:0)

Sector Count

(exp)

Sector Count

3.17 Power Management

This drive supports the ATA power management commands that lower the average power consumption of the hard drives. For example, to take advantage of the lower power consumption modes of the drive, an energy efficient host system could implement a power management scheme that issues a Standby Immediate command when a host resident disk

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Product Features XL500S

inactivity timer expires. The Standby Immediate command causes the drive to spin down and enter a low-power mode. Subsequent disk access commands would cause the drive to spin up and execute the new command. To avoid excessive wear on the drive due to the starting and stopping of the HDA, set the host’s disk inactivity timer to no shorter than ten minutes.

The drive also supports the SATA power management feature that lowers the average power consumption of the SATA interface.

3.18 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

S.M.A.R.T. helps you monitor a drive’s internal status through diagnostic commands at the host level.

The drive monitors Read Error Rate, Start/Stop Count, Re-allocated Sector Count, Seek Error Rate, Power-on Hours Count, Spin-up Retry Count, Drive Calibration Retry Count, Drive Power Cycle Count, Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count, Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate, Multi-zone Error Rate, Spin-up Time, Relocation Event Count, and Current Pending Sector Count. The hard drive updates and stores these attributes in the reserved area of the disk. The drive also stores a set of attribute thresholds that correspond to the calculated attribute values. Each attribute threshold indicates the point at which its corresponding attribute value achieves a negative reliability status.

3.19 Security Mode

The Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents unauthorized hard drive access even if the drive is removed from the computer. This feature varies by drive configuration and may not be available on all configurations.

3.19.1 Master and User Passwords

The manufacturer/dealer can set a master password using the Security Set Password command, without enabling the device lock function. The user password should be given or changed by a system user.

Master Password Identifier is supported and set to a default value of 00FE. If a Master Password is set via a Security Set Password Command, a valid Master Password Revision code value of 0001h – FFFEh must be used. A Master Password Identifier of 0000h is ignored.

When the master password is set, the drive does not enable the device lock function. When the user password is set, the drive enables the device lock function, and the drive is locked after the next power on reset or hard reset.

3.19.2 Security Levels

High - If High level security is set and the user password is forgotten, the master password can be used to unlock the drive and access the data.

Maximum - If Maximum level security is set and the user password is forgotten, data access is impossible. Only the master password with a Security Erase Unit command can unlock the drive when the device lock function is enabled and the user password has been forgotten. When the Security Erase Unit command is used to unlock the drive, all user data is erased.

3.20 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)

The AAM feature allows the host to select the acoustic level of the hard drive. When quiet operation is essential, the drive may be set to operate in the Acoustic Mode to minimize the hard drive’s sound level.

The Performance Mode results in slightly higher acoustic levels while optimizing the performance of the drive. The Set Features command is used to set the AAM level.

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4.0 ATA COMMAND SET

4.1 Host Interface Commands

4.1.1 ATA-8 Commands

Table 4-1 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each ATA-8 command supported by these hard drives. Refer to the D1699 ATA8-ACS specification for full details on each command.

Table 4-1. ATA-8 Command Opcodes

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

CHECK POWER MODE E5

DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY B1

DOWNLOAD MICROCODE 92

EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC 90

FLUSH CACHE E7

FLUSH CACHE EXT EA

IDENTIFY DEVICE EC

IDLE E3

IDLE IMMEDIATE E1

NOP 00

READ BUFFER E4

READ DMA C8

READ DMA EXT 25

READ FPDMA QUEUED 60

READ LOG EXT 2F

READ LOG DMA EXT 47

READ MULTIPLE C4

READ MULTIPLE EXT 29

READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS F8

READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT 27

READ SECTOR(S) 20

READ SECTORS(S) EXT 24

READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT 42

READ VERIFY SECTORS(S) 40

S.M.A.R.T. B0

SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD F6

SECURITY ERASE PREPARE F3

SECURITY ERASE UNIT F4

SECURITY FREEZE LOCK F5

SECURITY SET PASSWORD F1

SECURITY UNLOCK F2

SET FEATURES EF

SET MAX F9

SET MAX ADDRESS EXT 37

SET MULTIPLE C6

SLEEP E6

STANDBY E2

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ATA Command Set XL500S

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

STANDBY IMMEDIATE E0

WRITE BUFFER E8

WRITE DMA CA

WRITE DMA EXT 35

WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61

WRITE LOG EXT 3F

WRITE LOG DMA EXT 57

WRITE MULTIPLE C5

WRITE MULTIPLE EXT 39

WRITE SECTOR(S) 30

WRITE SECTOR(S) EXT 34

WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT 45

4.1.2 Optional Subcommands

Table 4-2 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each SATA 2.5 command supported by these hard drives. Refer to the SATA 2.5 specification for full details on each command.

Table 4-2. Optional Subcommands

COMMAND SUBFUNCTION

DOWNLOAD MICROCODE Mode 3

4.1.3 Obsolete Commands

Table 4-3 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each obsolete command supported by these hard drives.

Table 4-3. Obsolete Command Opcodes

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS 91

READ LONG 22

RECALIBRATE 10

SEEK 70

WRITE LONG 32

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4.1.4 SCT Commands

SCT commands provide capabilities not covered in ATA/ATAPI-7 for commands that do not fit the ATA command delivery model. Some SCT commands report completion when the command begins execution. Execution progress for these commands may be checked by requesting SCT status. For instance, the host can track the progress of a Write Same command by issueing a status request once per minute. See ATA8-ACS for a full description of SCT.

Table 4-4. SCT Action Codes

ACTION CODE DESCRIPTION

0000h RESERVED

0001h Long Sector Access

0002h Write Same

0003h Error Recovery Control

0004h Features Control

0005h SCT Data Tables

0006h Vendor specific

0007h SCT BIST

C000h FFFFh Vendor specific

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)

The S.M.A.R.T. command provides access to attribute values, S.M.A.R.T. status, and other S.M.A.R.T. information. These commands can be used for logging and reporting purposes, and for accommodating special user needs.

Prior to writing the S.M.A.R.T. command to the Command Register, the host must write key values into the LBA Mid and LBA High Registers (4Fh, C2h) or the command will be aborted and an error will be reported.

The S.M.A.R.T. command has several sub-commands that are selectable via the Features Register when the host issues the S.M.A.R.T. command. To select a sub-command, the host must write the appropriate sub-command code to the Features Register before issuing the S.M.A.R.T. command. The sub-commands and their respective codes are listed below. For more detailed information on executing S.M.A.R.T. commands, see the ATA-7 specification.

4.2.1 Read Attribute Values Sub-Command

This command returns a sector of data with the drive's S.M.A.R.T. data structure.

Table 4-5. Definitions for the 512 Bytes.

BYTE VALUE DESCRIPTION

0 - 1 0001h S.M.A.R.T. Data Structure Revision

2 -361 XX S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Data

135 - 361 XX S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Data

362 XX

363 XX Self-Test execution status byte.

Offline data collection status

0Xh OL disabled 8Xh OL enabled X0h scan not run X2h scan complete X4h scan suspended X5h scan aborted

00h The previous self-test routine completed without error or no

01h The self-test routine was aborted by the host

self-test has ever been run

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ATA Command Set XL500S

BYTE VALUE DESCRIPTION

364 - 365 XX

366 XX 367 07Bh

368 - 369 0003h

370 01h

371 XX 372 XX 373 XX 374 XX

375 - 510 XX

511 XX

02h The self-test routine was interrupted by the host with a hard or

03h A fatal error or unknown test error occurred while the device

04h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

05h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

06h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

07h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

08h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

090Eh 0Fh Self-test routine in progress

Total time in seconds to complete offline data collection activity Reserved Offline data collection capability. Bits are as follows:

S.M.A.R.T. Capability. Bits are as follows:

Error logging capability. Bits are as follows:

Reserved Short self-test routine completion time in minutes Extended self-test routine completion time in minutes Conveyance self-test routine completion time in minutes Reserved Checksum

soft reset

was executing its self-test routine. The device was unable to complete the self-test routine.

failed. The test element that failed is not known.

failed. The electrical element of the test failed.

failed. The servo (and/or seek) test element of the test failed.

failed. The read element of the test failed.

failed. The element damage is suspected to be caused by handling. Reserved

1 = Offline Immediate Command supported

1 = Auto Offline enable\disable command supported

0 = Offline will suspend on and will resume after host

command 1 = Offline read scan implemented

1 = DST Short and Extended tests supported

1 = DST Conveyance test supported

0 - Reserved

6-7

1 = The device saves SMART data prior to going into a power

saving mode 1 = Device complies with SMART data autosave after an event

Reserved

2-15

1 = Error logging supported

Reserved

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4.2.2 Supported Attributes

The drive supports the following attributes.

Attribute Attribute ID Number Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit

Read Error Rate 1 Pre-Failure

Spin-up Time 3 Pre-Failure

Start/Stop Count 4 Advisory

Re-allocated Sector Count 5 Pre-Failure

Seek Error Rate 7 Pre-Failure

Power-on Hours Count 9 Advisory

Spin-up Retry Count 10 Pre-Failure

Drive Calibration Retry Count 11 Advisory

Drive Power Cycle Count 12 Advisory

Emergency Retract Cycles 192 Advisory

Load/Unload Cycles 193 Advisory

HDA Temperature

Relocation Event Count 196 Advisory

Current Pending Sector Count 197 Advisory

Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count 198 Advisory

Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate 199 Advisory

Multi-zone Error Rate 200 Pre-Failure

Status bits are typical but may vary.

See “Temperature Reporting” on page 17 for a better mechanism.

194 Advisory

(Status Flags bit 0)

Attributes that use the Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit Set can predict potential future degrading or faulty conditions. Attributes with the Failure/Advisory Bit Clear are used for informational purposes only, they do not indicate impending drive failure.

The S.M.A.R.T. data saving process is a background task. After a pre-determined idle period, the self-monitoring data is automatically saved to the disk.

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ATA Command Set XL500S

4.2.3 Read Log Sector

There are several logs that can be read with the S.M.A.R.T. Read Log Sector sub-command. The LBA Low Register indicates the log sector to be returned.

Table 4-6. Defined Error Logging Sectors

Log address Content Log Cmds R/W

00h Log directory ExtLog RO

01h Summary Log (up to 5 errors) SMART RO

02h

03h

04h-05h Reserved Reserved Reserved

06h SMART self-test log SMART RO

07h Extended SMART self-test log ExtLog RO

08h-0FH Reserved Reserved Reserved

10h NCQ command error ExtLog RO

09H Selective self-test log SMART R/W

0Ah-0Fh Reserved Reserved Reserved

11h SATA PHY Counters ExtLog RO

12h-17h Reserved Reserved Reserved

18h-7Fh Reserved Reserved Reserved

80h-9Fh Host vendor specific SMART / ExtLog R/W

A0h-BFh Device vendor specific SMART / ExtLog VS

E0h-E1h SMART Command Transport(SCT) SMART / ExtLog R/W

E2h-FFh Reserved Reserved Reserved

RO – Read Only R/W – Read / Write SMART – Supported by B0h command code. ExtLog – Supported by 2Fh/3Fh/47Fh/57Fh command codes. VS – Vendor Specific

Comprehensive SMART error log. (5 errors

Extended Comprehensive SMART error log.

per sectors)

(4 errors per sectors)

SMART RO

ExtLog RO

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4.3 Identify Device (ECh)

The Identify Device command transfers 512 bytes of data that specify the drive’s parameters. Table 4-7 lists the parameters read by the host

Table 4-7. Identify Device Command

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

0 General Configuration 427Ah

1Obsolete 0

3Obsolete 0

4-5 Retired 0

6Obsolete 0

7-8 Reserved 0

9 Retired 0

10-19 Serial Number (ATA String) WDnnnnnnnn

20-21 Retired 0

22 Obsolete 0

23-26 Firmware Revision (ATA String) nnnn

27-46 Model Numbers (ATA String)

48 Reserved 0

51-52 Obsolete 0

Specific Configuration

C837h = Device does not require Set Feature subcommand to spin-up and Identify Device response is incomplete

Read/Write Multiple support

Bit 15-8: 80h Bit 7-0: 00h = Reserved 01h-FFh = Maximum number of logical sectors that shall be transferred perDRQ data block on READ/WRITE MULTIPLE commands

Capabilities

Bit 15-14: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command. Bit 13: 1 = Standby timer values as specified in this standard are supported 0 = Standby timer values shall be managed by the device Bit 12: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command. Bit 11: 1 = IORDY supported 0 = IORDY may be supported Bit 10: 1 = IORDY may be disabled Bit 9: 1 = LBA supported Bit 8: 1 = DMA supported. Bit 7-0: Retired

Capabilities

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero. Bit 14: Shall be set to one. Bit 13-2: Reserved. Bit 1: Obsolete Bit 0: Shall be set to one to indicate a vendor specific Standby timer value minimum

C837h

“WDC WD5000AAKX-nnnnnn” “WDC WD5000AAKS-nnnnnn” “WDC WD3200AAKX-nnnnnn” “WDC WD2500AAKX-nnnnnn”

8010h

2F00h

4001h

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ATA Command Set XL500S

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Additional Words Valid

Bit 15-8: Free-fall Control Sensitivity 00h = Vendor’s recommended setting 01h-FFh = Sensitivity level. A larger number is a more sensitive

54-58 Obsolete 0

60-61 Total number of user addressable logical sectors (Dword) XXXXh

62 Obsolete 0

65 Min. Multi-Word DMA Transfer Cycle Time per word (ns) 120

66 Manufacturer Recommended Multi-Word DMA Cycle Time (ns) 120

67 Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time without flow control (ns) 120

68 Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time with flow control (ns) 120

69-70 Reserved 0

71-74 Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command. 0

77 Reserved for Serial ATA 0

setting. Bit 7-3: Reserved Bit 2: 1 = the fields reported in word 88 are valid 0 = the fields reported in word 88 are not valid Bit 1: 1 = the fields reported in words (64-70) are valid 0 = the fields reported in words (64-70) are not valid Bit 0: Obsolete

Current Blocking Factor

Bit 15-9: Reserved Bit 8: If set, Multiple sector setting is valid Bit 7-0: Current setting for number of logical sectors that shall be transferred per DRQ data block on READ/WRITE Multiple commands

Multi-Word DMA Transfer Mode Supported

Bit 15-11: Reserved Bit 10: If set, Multiword DMA mode 2 is selected Bit 9: If set, Multiword DMA mode 1 is selected Bit 8: If set, Multiword DMA mode 0 is selected Bits 0-7: Multiword DMA mode 2 and below are supported

Advanced PIO Modes Supported

Bit 15-8: Reserved Bits 7-0: PIO Modes supported

Queue Depth

Bit 15-5: Reserved Bit 4-0: Maximum queue depth - 1

Serial ATA Capabilities

Bit 15-11: Reserved for Serial ATA Bit 10: If set, supports Phy event counters Bit 9: If set, supports receipt of host initiated powermanagement requests Bit 8: If set, supports native command queuing (NCQ) Bit 7-3: Reserved for future SATA signaling speed grades Bit 2: If set, supports Serial ATA Gen-2 signaling speed (300 MB/s) Bit 1: If set, supports Serial ATA Gen-1 signaling speed (150 MB/s) Bit 0: Cleared to 0

Serial ATA Features Supported

Bit 15-7: Reserved for Serial ATA Bit 6: If set, device supports software settings preservation Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA Bit 4: If set, device supports in-order data delivery Bit 3: If set, device supports initiating power management. Bit 2: If set, device supports DMA Setup auto-activation Bit 1: If set, device supports non-zero buffer offsets Bit 0: Cleared to 0

0007h

01XXh

XX07h

0003h

001F

0001111100000110b

0000000001000100b

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WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Serial ATA Features Enabled

Bit 15-7: Reserved for Serial ATA Bit 6: If set, software settings preservation enabled

81 Minor Version Number 0000h

Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA Bit 4: If set, in-order data delivery enabled. Bit 3: If set, device initiating power management enabled Bit 2: If set, DMA Setup auto-activation enabled Bit 1: If set, Non-zero buffer offsets enabled Bit 0: Cleared to 0

Major Version Number

ATA-8 and below supported

Commands and feature sets supported

Bit 15: Obsolete Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported Bit 13: If set, Read Buffer command supported Bit 12: If set, Write Buffer command supported Bit 11: Obsolete Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area Feature Set supported Bit 9: If set, DEVICE RESET command supported Bit 8: If set, SERVICE Interrupt supported Bit 7: If set, Release Interrupt supported Bit 6: If set, read look-ahead supported Bit 5: If set, volatile write cache supported Bit 4: Shall be cleared to zero to indicate that the PACKET feature set is not supported. Bit 3: If set, mandatory Power Management Feature Set supported Bit 2: Obsolete Bit 1: Security Mode Feature Set supported Bit 0: If set, SMART Feature Set supported

Commands and feature sets supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14: Shall be set to one Bit 13: If set, Flush Cache EXT command supported Bit 12: If set, mandatory FLUSH CACHE command supported Bit 11: If set, Device Configuration Overlay feature set supported Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address feature set supported Bit 9: If set, Automatic Acoustic Management feature set supported Bit 8: If set, SET MAX security extension supported Bit 7: Reserved Bit 6: If set, SET FEATURES subcommand required to spin-up after power-up Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set supported Bit 4: Obsolete Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set supported Bit 2: If set, CFA feature set supported Bit 1: If set, READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED supported Bit 0: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command supported

Commands and feature sets supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14: Shall be set to one Bit 13: If set, IDLE IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD FEATURE supported Bit 12-11: Reserved Bit 10-9: Obsolete Bit 8: If set, 64-bit World wide name supported Bit 7: If set, WRITE DMA QUEUED FUA EXT command supported Bit 6: If set, WRITE DMA FUA EXT and WRITE MULTIPLE FUA EXT commands supported Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging feature set supported Bit 4: If set, Streaming feature set supported Bit 3: If set, Media Card Pass Through Command feature set supported Bit 2: If set, Media serial number supported Bit 1: If set, SMART self-test supported Bit 0: If set, SMART error logging supported

00XXh

01FEh

0111010001101011b

0111111101100001b

0100000100100011b

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ATA Command Set XL500S

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Commands and feature sets supported

Bit 15: Obsolete Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported Bit 13: If set, READ BUFFER command supported Bit 12: If set, WRITE BUFFER command supported Bit 11: Obsolete Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area has been established Bit 9: If set, DEVICE RESET command supported

Bit 8: If set, SERVICE interrupt enabled Bit 7: If set, release interrupt enabled Bit 6: If set, read look-ahead enabled Bit 5: If set, write cache enabled Bit 4: Shall be cleared to zero to indicate that the PACKET feature set is not supported. Bit 3: If set, Power Management feature set enabled Bit 2: Obsolete Bit 1: If set, Security Mode feature set enabled Bit 0: If set, SMART feature set enabled

Commands and feature sets supported

Bit 15: If set, Words 119-120 are valid Bit 14: Reserved Bit 13: If set, FLUSH CACHE EXT command supported Bit 12: If set, FLUSH CACHE command supported Bit 11: If set, Device Configuration Overlay supported Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address features set supported Bit 9: If set, Automatic Acoustic Management feature set enabled Bit 8: If set, SET MAX security extension enabled by SET MAX SET PASSWORD Bit 7: Reserved Bit 6: If set, SET FEATURES subcommand required to spinup after power-up Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set enabled Bit 4: Obsolete Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set enabled Bit 2: If set, CFA feature set supported Bit 1: If set, READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED command supported Bit 0: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command supported

Commands and feature sets supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14: Shall be set to one Bit 13: If set, IDLE IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD FEATURE supported Bit 12-11: Reserved Bit 10-9: Obsolete Bit 8: If set, 64 bit World wide name supported Bit 7: If set, WRITE DMA QUEUED FUA EXT command supported Bit 6: If set, WRITE DMA FUA EXT and WRITE MULTIPLE FUA EXT commands supported Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging feature set supported Bit 4: Obsolete Bit 3: If set, Media Card Pass Through Command feature set supported Bit 2: If set, Media serial number is valid Bit 1: If set, SMART self-test supported Bit 0: If set, SMART error logging supported

Ultra DMA modes

Bit 14: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 6 is selected Bit 13: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 5 is selected Bit 12: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 4 is selected Bit 11: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 3 is selected Bit 10: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 2 is selected Bit 9: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 1 is selected Bit 8: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 0 is selected Bit 7: Reserved Bit 6: Ultra DMA mode 6 and below are supported Bit 5: Ultra DMA mode 5 and below are supported Bit 4: Ultra DMA mode 4 and below are supported Bit 3: Ultra DMA mode 3 and below are supported Bit 2: Ultra DMA mode 2 and below are supported Bit 1: Ultra DMA mode 1 and below are supported Bit 0: Ultra DMA mode 0 supported

01110X0XXXX010XXb

101111XX01X0X001b

0100000100100011b

XX7Fh

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WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

91 Current advanced power management level value 0

92 Master Password Identifier XXXXh

93 Hardware Reset Result 0000h

95-99 Not supported 0

100-103 Maximum user LBA for 48-bit Address Feature Set (QWord)

104 Not supported 0

105 Reserved 0000h

106

107 Inter-seek delay for ISO-7779 acoustic testing in microseconds 0000h

108-111 World Wide Name XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

112-118 Not supported 0

119

120

121-126 Reserved 0

127 Obsolete 0

Time required for Normal Erase mode SECURITY ERASE UNIT command

Time required for an Enhanced Erase mode SECURITY ERASE UNIT command

Current automatic acoustic management value

Bits 15-8: Vendor’s recommended Acoustic Management value Bit 7-0: Current Automatic Acoustic Management value 80h = Acoustic Mode FEh = Performance Mode

Physical sector size / Logical Sector Size

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14: Shall be set to one Bit 13: If set, Device has multiple logical sectors per physical sector. Bit 12: If set, Device Logical Sector Longer than 256 Words Bit 11-4: Reserved Bit 3-0: 2PX logical sectors per physical sector

Commands and feature sets supported (Continued from words 82-84)

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14: Shall be set to one Bit 13-6: Reserved Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is supported. Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is supported. Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional commands are supported. Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported. Bit 1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is supported. Bit 0: Reserved

Commands and feature sets supported or en-abled (Continued from words 85-87)

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero. Bit 14: Shall be set to one. Bit 13-6: Reserved Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is enabled. Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is supported. Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional commands are supported. Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported. Bit 1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is enabled. Bit 0: Reserved

WD5000AAKx (976,773,168) WD3200AAKX (

WD2500AAKX (488,397,168)

002Bh

80XXh

625,142,448)

0000h

0100000000011000b

0100000000010100b

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ATA Command Set XL500S

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Security Status

Bit 15-9: Reserved Bit 8: Security level 0 = High, 1 = Maximum Bit 7-6: Reserved

128

129-159 Vendor Specific 0

160

161-175 Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash™ Association 0

176-205 Current media serial number (ATA String) 0

206

207-254 Reserved 0

255

Bit 5: If set, Enhanced security erase supported Bit 4: If set, Security count expired Bit 3: If set, Security frozen Bit 2: If set, Security locked Bit 1: If set, Security enabled Bit 0: If set, Security supported

CFA power mode

Bit 15: Word 160 supported Bit 14: Reserved Bit 13: CFA power mode 1 is required for one or more commands implemented by the device Bit 12: CFA power mode 1 disabled Bit 11-0: Maximum current in ma

SCT Command Transport

Bit 15-12: Vendor Specific Bit 11-6: Reserved Bit 5: SCT Command Transport Data Tables supported Bit 4: SCT Command Transport Features Control supported Bit 3: SCT Command Transport Error Recovery Control supported Bit 2: SCT Command Transport Write Same supported Bit 1: SCT Command Transport Long Sector Access supported Bit 0: SCT Command Transport supported

Integrity Word

Bit 15-8: Checksum Bit 7-0: Signature

0000000X001XXXX1b

303Fh

XXA5h

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4.4 Set Features (EFh)

The Set Features command enables or disables the features listed in the following table

FUNCTION FEATURES

Enable read look-ahead

Disable read look-ahead

Enable write cache

Disable write cache

Set Transfer Mode 03h Don’t care

Enable use of Serial ATA Feature 10h 02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

Disable use of Serial ATA Feature 90h 02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

Set Acoustic Mode

Set Performance Mode

Disable Automatic Acoustic Management

Enable the PUIS feature set

Disablethe PUIS feature set

PUIS feature set device spinup

Enable/disable reverting to defaults

Changes are only valid while power remains applied to the drive. After power is cycled, the drive reverts to the default

settings.

Changes are valid through power cycles and hard resets.

2 1 1

AAh Don’t care

55h Don’t care

02h Don’t care

82h Don’t care

03h-Device-initiated interface power state transitions 06h-Software Settings Preservation

42h 80h

42h FEh

C2h Don’t care

06h Don’t care

86h Don’t care

07h Don’t care

66h Don’t care

SECTOR COUNT REGISTER

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Installation and Setup Procedures XL500S

5.0 INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES

Hard drives are precision instruments that must be handled with care to prevent damage. It is important to understand that drives are typically damaged because of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), rough handling, or shock and vibration. Refer to the latest version of the WD Drive Handling Guide (2579-001027) for detailed instructions on all phases of drive handling.

Refer to support.wdc.com/warranty for detailed instructions on all phases of repackaging the drive.

Important: If your system does not support hot plugging (see “Hot Plug Support” on page 21), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.1 Unpacking

5.1.1 Handling Precautions

WD products are designed to withstand normal handling during unpacking and installation. Take care to avoid excessive mechanical shock or electrostatic discharge (ESD), which can permanently damage the hard drive and void the warranty. Hard drives are typically damaged because of ESD, rough handling, or shock and vibration.

To avoid ESD problems, wear a properly grounded wrist strap when handling the hard drive. Articles of clothing generate static electricity. Do not allow clothing to come in direct contact with the hard drive or circuit board components.

When the WD drive is not in its shipping container or installed in its proper host enclosure, it must remain in the antistatic bag. To prevent damage, do not unpack your WD drive until you are ready to install it.

5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container

Carefully examine the container for obvious shipping damage, such as: holes, signs of crushing, or stains. Notify the carrier and your WD representative if you observe any shipment damage. Always move the shipping container in the upright position indicated by the arrows on the container.

5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container

Remove the WD drive from the shipping container only for inspection or installation. Carefully open the box. When removing the WD drive from the box, follow these precautions:

 Grasp the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the circuit board components.  Gently place the drive on its antistatic bag on a clean, level, grounded work area.  Do not stack drives or stand the WD drive on its edge.

CAUTION: When removing the drive from the shipping container, be careful not to drop it. Dropping the drive can severely damage the head disk assembly or printed circuit board.

5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag

Before removing the drive from its static shielding bag:

 Make sure that your work station is properly grounded.  Wear a properly grounded wrist strap with good skin contact.  Avoid contact with any component on the printed circuit board.

After attaching your wrist strap, gently remove the drive from the static shielding bag.

 Handle the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the printed circuit board.  Handle the drive with the printed circuit board facing downward during installation.

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XL500S Installation and Setup Procedures

 Do not open the drive’s sealed compartment or remove the seals or any labels from the

drive; this will void the warranty.

5.1.5 Moving Precautions

If you need to move your computer, turn off the power to automatically unload the heads. This helps protect the media and the heads from accidental damage due to vibration, moving, or shipping.

5.2 Mounting

Use either the four bottom screws or at least four of the side mounting screws to rigidly support the drive and prevent vibration. Some adaptor frames may not have the mechanical design structure capable of mounting the drive to meet the specified shock and vibration requirements.

The hard drive itself does not provide electrical isolation between mounting locations and drive ground connection. If electrical isolation is required, the system designer or integrator would be responsible for providing a solution.

5.2.1 Mounting Restrictions

If your system does not support hot plugging (see “Hot Plug Support” on page 21), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.2.2 Orientation

You can mount the hard drive in the X, Y, or Z axis, depending upon the physical design of your system. For best results, mount the drive with all four screws grounded to the chassis. If all four screws are not used, see "Grounding" on page 41.

5.2.3 Screw Size Limitations

The hard drive is mounted to the chassis using four 6-32 screws. Recommended screw torque is 5 in-lb. Maximum screw torque is 10 in-lb.

CAUTION: Screws that are too long damage circuit board components. Each screw must engage no more than six threads (3/16 inch). Side mounted screws should engage a maximum of .188 inches (3/16”). Bottom mounted screws should engage a maximum of .250 inches (1/4”).

5.2.4 Grounding

The PCBA and HDA grounds are always connected together in the drive and cannot be disconnected. The drive mounting screws, unless intentionally isolated, will provide additional ground connections between the HDA and the system chassis. If the drive isn't grounded via mounting screws as described under “Mounting” on page 41, there may be increased electrical emissions (EMI).

5.3 Hard Drive Installation

If your system does not support hot plugging (see “Hot Plug Support” on page 21), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 41

Installation and Setup Procedures XL500S

5.3.1 Jumper Settings

It is not necessary to place a jumper shunt on the drive for workstation/desktop use. For enterprise storage enviroments, the advanced settings are as follows:

5.3.1.1 SATA 6 Gb/s Hard Drives

SSC Mode – Spread spectrum clocking feature enabled or disabled (jumper on pins 1-2). Default setting is disabled.

PM2 Enabled Mode – To designate the drive as power-up in standby (power management 2 or PM2) enabled, place a jumper on pins 3-4 (default setting is disabled). This mode enables controlled spinup via spinup command per ATA standard. It is mainly used for server/ workstation environments operating in multiple drive configurations.

Important: PM2 mode requires a compatible BIOS that supports this feature. If PM2 is enabled and not supported by BIOS, the drive will not spin up and therefore will not be detected by the system.

Native Gen2 Enabled Mode – To revert to the SATA 3 Gb/s data transfer speed, place a jumper on pins 5-6.

Force Gen1 Enabled Mode – To revert to the SATA 1.5 Gb/s data transfer speed, place jumpers on pins 5-6 and 7-8.

Figure 5-1. SATA 6 Gb/s Jumper Settings

Default

Standard configuration – no jumper added; spread spectrum clocking, PM2, Native Gen2, and Force Gen1 disabled.

SSC (Enabled)

Spread spectrum clocking enabled (jumper on pins 1-2).

Native Gen2 (Enabled)

Gen2 enabled (jumper on pins 5-6). SATA 3 Gb/s data transfer speed activated.

Force Gen1 (Enabled)

Gen1 enabled (jumpers on pins 5-6 and 7-8). SATA 1.5 Gb/s data transfer speed activated.

PM2 (Enabled)

Power management enabled (jumper on pins 3-4). Controlled spinup via spinup command per ATA standard.

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XL500S Installation and Setup Procedures

5.3.1.2 SATA 3 Gb/s Hard Drives

SSC Mode – Spread spectrum clocking feature enabled or disabled (jumper on pins 1-2). Default setting is disabled.

Important: PM2 mode requires a compatible BIOS that supports this feature. If PM2 is enabled and not supported by BIOS, the drive will not spin up and therefore will not be detected by the system.

Gen1 Enabled Mode – To revert to the SATA 1.5 Gb/s data transfer speed, place a jumper on pins 5-6.

Figure 5-2. SATA 3 Gb/s Jumper Settings

Default

Standard configuration – no jumper added; spread spectrum clocking, PM2, and Gen1 disabled.

efault 1

SSC (Enabled)

Spread spectrum clocking enabled (jumper on pins 1-2).

PM2 (Enabled)

Power management enabled (jumper on pins 3-4). Controlled spinup via spinup command per ATA standard.

Gen1 (Enabled)

Gen1 enabled (jumper on pins 5-6). SATA 1.5 Gb/s data transfer speed activated.

2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 43

Installation and Setup Procedures XL500S

5.3.2 Attach the Power Supply Cable

If your system does not support hot plugging (see “Hot Plug Support” on page 21), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive. This avoids the possibility of reversing the polarity of the power connections and eliminating current surges that can damage either the drive or computer.

Attach the SATA power supply cable to the SATA device plug power connector (see "Standard Factory Connectors" on page 13). The SATA power connector is keyed to ensure proper insertion.

Figure 5-3. Connector Locations

5.3.3 Attach SATA Interface Cable

You can configure the hard drive two ways:

1. Cable the drive directly to a SATA connector on the motherboard, or

2. Cable the drive to a host adapter card mounted in one of the expansion slots in the computer.

Both configurations use a SATA interface cable.

Make sure the SATA interface cable is no longer than 1 meter (39.37 inches) to minimize noise that is induced on the data and control buses.

Figure 5-4. SATA Interface Cable

5.4 Serial ATA Latching Connector

This hard drive also allows Serial ATA latching cable connections. The latching connector provides a secure connection between the drive and the cable connector via a locking latch mechanism. The new latching connector design has two channels, one above the power connection and one above the data connection. Latch alignment with these channels forms an interlock when the latching cable is inserted into the drive. This latching feature makes the SATA connector more robust against breakage from downward force and ensures a click-lock connection which is verifiable even in noisy environments.

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XL500S Maintenance

6.0 MAINTENANCE

The hard drive requires no preventative maintenance and contains no user-serviceable parts. The service and repair of drives can only be performed at a WD Service Center. Please contact your WD representative for warranty information and service/return procedures.

Observe the following precautions to prolong the life of the drive:

 Do not attempt to open the sealed compartment of the drive as this will void the warranty.

 Do not lift a drive by the printed circuit board.

 Avoid static discharge when handling a drive.

 Avoid harsh shocks or vibrations.

 Do not touch the components on the printed circuit board.

 Observe the environmental limits specified for this product.

 If it becomes necessary to move your computer system, turn off the power to automatically unload

the heads. This helps protect the media and the heads from accidental damage due to vibration while moving or shipping.

 To protect your data, back it up regularly. WD assumes no responsibility for loss of data. For

information about back-up and restore procedures, consult your operating system manual. There are also a number of utility programs available that you can use to back up your data.

2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 45

Technical Support XL500S

7.0 TECHNICAL SUPPORT

NORTH AMERICA

US/Canada

Monday - Thursday 9:00 am - 7:00 pm

Friday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm

Saturday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm

EUROPE

Central European Time (CET) +31.20.4467651

Monday - Thursday 9:30 am - 12:00 noon

Friday 9:30 am - 12:00 noon

(Central Time)

7.1 WD Online Services

WD provides a wide variety of technical support services on our Internet site at http://support.wdc.com.

800.ASK.4WDC

1:00 pm - 5:30 pm

1:00 pm - 4:00 pm

46 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-701211-A06

XL500S Glossary

8.0 GLOSSARY

Active LED Status — The WD drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED

output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise. Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) — A method of measuring failure rates or trends for a group of units

at a site. The rates are based on the monthly total number of returned field failure units divided by the total cumulative installed base and multiplied by 12 (to annualize the failure rate).

Automatic Defect Retirement — If defective sectors are found during a read or write, they are automatically mapped out and relocated.

Block — A group of bytes handled, stored, and accessed as a logical data unit, such as an individual file record.

Buffer — A temporary data storage area that compensates for a difference in data transfer rates and/ or data processing rates between sender and receiver.

Command Queuing — See Native Command Queuing (NCQ) Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard data

protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive.

Data Transfer Rate — The rate that digital data is transferred from one point to another, expressed in bits per second or bytes per second.

 Data Transfer Rate to Disk: The internal disk transfer rate in Mbits per second.

 Data Transfer Rate from the Buffer to the Host: Based on the transfer of buffered data in MB per

second.

Defect Management — A general methodology of eliminating data errors on a recording surface by mapping out known bad areas of the media.

ECC On-the-Fly — A hardware correction technique that corrects errors in the read buffer prior to host transfer without any performance penalties. These error corrections are invisible to the host system because they do not require assistance from the drive’s firmware.

Error Correction Code (ECC) — A mathematical algorithm that can detect and correct errors in a data field by adding check bits to the original data.

Femto Slider — These drives incorporate the femto slider form factor in which the read/write head is mounted on the small, lightweight femto slider which allows the head to move more quickly from track to track on the disk.

F.I.T. (Functional Integrity Testing) — A suite of tests WD performs on all its drive products to ensure compatibility with different hosts, operating systems, application programs, and peripherals. This testing must be performed before the product can be released to manufacturing.

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. FDB designs provide increased nonoperational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

Formatted Capacity — The actual capacity available to store data in a mass storage device. The formatted capacity is the gross capacity minus the capacity taken up by the overhead data required for formatting the media.

Hot Plugging — The ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot.

IntelliSeek — WD technology that proactively calculates an optimum seek speed to eliminate hasty movement of the actuator that produces noise and requires power.

2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 10/21/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 47

Glossary XL500S

Latency — The period of time that the read/write heads wait for the disk to rotate the data to an accessible position.

Logical Block Address — An alternative addressing methodology of identifying a given location on a SATA drive that permits disk sizes greater than 528 MB.

Native Command Queuing (NCQ) — NCQ allows the drive to re-order read commands, thereby increasing random read IOPs. NCQ is a true Enterprise feature for environments such as database, Web servers, and e-mail servers.

NoTouch™ Ramp Load Technology — The recording head never touches the disk media ensuring significantly less wear to the recording head and media as well as better drive protection in transit.

Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) — WD feature that provides a solution for protecting the recording media against mechanical wear.

PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) — A read channel using sampled data, active equalization and Veterbi detection to accurately retrieve the user data off the disk.

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) — WD complies with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament, which is effective in the EU beginning July 1, 2006. RoHS aims to protect human health and the environment by restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other substances.

Rotational Latency — The amount of delay in obtaining information from a disk drive that can be attributed to the rotation of the disk.

RPM (Revolutions per Minute) — Rotational speed of the media (disk), also known as the spindle speed. Hard drives spin at one constant speed. The slower the RPM, the higher the mechanical latencies. Disk RPM is a critical component of hard drive performance because it directly impacts the rotational latency of the disk transfer rate.

Seek Time — The time it takes for the read/write head to move to a specific block of data on the hard drive. The average seek time is computed by dividing the time it takes to complete a large number of random seeks by the number of seeks performed.

Sector — A 512-byte packet of data. Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — A technology to assist

the user in preventing possible system down time due to hard drive failure. Serial ATA (SATA) — SATA is the next generation bus interface for hard drives. It is designed to

replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plugging.

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages.

Staggered Spinup — SATA feature that allows the system to control whether the drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.

Thermal Asperity — A thermal asperity is a baseline shift in the readback signal due to heating of the magnetoresistive stripe on the head as a result of physical contact with the disk or a particle.

Unrecoverable Error — A read error that cannot be overcome by an ECC scheme or by rereading the data when host retries are enabled.

World Wide Name (WWN) — The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/ATAPI-7 is a modification of the IEEE extended unique identifier 64 bit standard (EUI-64) and is comprised of three major components: naming authority, organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number. WD's OUI is 0014EEh.

Write Cache — A feature in CacheFlow that posts “command complete” prior to completing the actual write.

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Index XL500S

INDEX

—A—

Acoustics, 12, 14 Active LED Status, 24 Activity indication, 24 Agency Approvals, 14 Airflow, 12 Annualized Failure Rate, 47 Atmospheric Pressure, 12 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM), 26 Automatic Defect Retirement, 20

—B—

Buffer Size, 4 Bytes per Sector, 5

—C—

Cabling, 9

Power Supply Cable Attachment, 44 SATA Interface Cable Attachment, 44

SATA Interface Cable Diagram, 44 CacheFlow6, 24 Commands

SCT, 29 Component Design Life, 12 Connectors

Serial ATA Latching, 44 Cooling

Airflow, 12

forced airflow direction, 12 CSS, 4 Current Requirements, 8

—D—

Data Lifeguard, 18 Data Surfaces, 5 Data Transfer Rate, 4 Defect Management, 20 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions, 13 Dimensions, 6

—E—

ECC, 5 Error Rate, 4 Error Recovery Process, 20

—F—

Femto slider, 17 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB), 24

—G—

Glossary, 47 Grounding (Hard Drive), 41

—H—

Head Parking, 5 Host Interface Commands, 27

Identify Drive, 33 S.M.A.R.T., 29 Set Features, 39

Hot Plug Support, 21

—I—

Input Voltage Requirements, 9 Installation and Setup, 40 Interleave, 4 Internal Environmental Protection System, 19

—J—

Jumper Settings, 42

—L—

Latency, 4 LED

active status, 24 activity indication, 24

Logical Block Addressing

48-bit, 25

—M—

Maintenance, 45 Model number specification, 14 Mounting

Orientation, 41 Screw Size Limitations, 41

Mounting (Hard Drive), 41

—N—

Native Command Queuing, 16 NoTouch, 16

—P—

Perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), 16 Power, 9 Power Dissipation, 8, 11 Power management, 25 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL), 16 PWL, 16

—R—

Ramp load (NoTouch), 16 Read Cache, 25 Recording Method, 5 Reliability features set, 18 Ripple, 9 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), 12 Rotational Speed, 4 RPM, 4

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XL500S Index

—S—

S.M.A.R.T., 26 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT), 17 SATA 3 Gb/s interface, 15 SCT, 17 SCT commands, 29 SCT feature set

read/write long, 17

temperature reporting, 17

write same, 17 Security Mode, 26

Passwords, 26

Security Levels, 26 Serial ATA Latching Connector, 44 Servo Type, 5 Shock and Vibration, 10 Specifications, 4

Electrical, 8

Environmental, 10

Mechanical, 7

Performance, 4

Physical, 5

Reliability, 12 Spindle Start Time, 4 Staggered Spinup, 24

—T—

Technical Support, 46

Online Services, 46 Temperature

Airflow, 12

Thermocouple location, 11 Temperature and Humidity, 11 Thermal Management, 19 Thermocouple location, 11

—U—

Unpacking

Container Inspection, 40

Drive Removal - Container, 40

Drive Removal - Static Shielding Bag, 40

Handling Precautions, 40

Moving Precautions, 41 User Sectors per Drive, 5

—W—

World Wide Name (WWN), 18 Write Cache, 25 WWN, 18

2679-701211-A06 RELEASED 9/28/10 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 50

Western Digital 20511 Lake Forest Drive Lake Forest, CA 92630 U.S.A.

For service and literature:

support.wdc.com www.westerndigital.com

800.ASK.4WDC North America

949.832.4778 Latin America (Spanish) +800.6008.6008 Asia Pacific

00800.ASK.4WDEUEurope (toll free where available) +31.88.0062100 Europe/Middle East/Africa

2679-701211-A06 Oct 2010

WD CONFIDENTIAL

Western Digital WD5000AAKX User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

XL500S Table of Contents

XL500S List of Figures

List of Tables XL500S

1.0 DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES

1.1 General Description

1.2 Product Features

2.0 SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Performance Specifications

2.2 Physical Specifications

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions

2.3 Mechanical Specifications

2.4 Electrical Specifications

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements

2.4.3 Ripple

2.4.4 Power Connectors and Cables

2.5 Environmental Specifications

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location

2.5.4 Cooling

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure

2.5.6 Acoustics

2.5.7 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

2.6 Reliability Specifications

2.7 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions

2.8 Agency Approvals

2.9 Full Model Number Specification

3.0 PRODUCT FEATURES

3.1 SATA 6 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s

3.2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

3.3 IntelliSeek

3.4 NoTouch Ramp Load Technology

3.5 Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

3.6 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL)

3.7 Femto Slider

3.8 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

3.8.1 Write Same

3.8.2 Read/Write Long

3.8.3 Temperature Reporting

3.9 World Wide Name (WWN)

3.10 Reliability Features Set

3.10.1 Data Lifeguard™

3.10.2 Thermal Management

3.10.3 Internal Environmental Protection System

3.10.4 Recoverable Errors

3.10.5 Unrecoverable Errors

3.10.6 Self Test

3.10.7 ATA Error Logging

3.10.8 Defect Management

3.10.9 Automatic Defect Retirement

3.10.10 Error Recovery Process

3.11 Hot Plug Support

3.11.1 Hot Plug Technical Issues

3.12 Active LED Status

3.13 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

3.14 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

3.14.1 Staggered Spinup

3.14.2 Activity Indication

3.15 CacheFlow™

3.15.1 Write Cache

3.15.2 Read Cache

3.16 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

3.17 Power Management

3.18 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

3.19 Security Mode

3.19.1 Master and User Passwords

3.19.2 Security Levels

3.20 Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)

4.0 ATA COMMAND SET

4.1 Host Interface Commands

4.1.1 ATA-8 Commands

4.1.2 Optional Subcommands

4.1.3 Obsolete Commands

4.1.4 SCT Commands

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)