Western Digital T13-2132-D User Manual

Working Draft Project
American National T13/2132-D
Standard

Revision 3

June 23, 2010

Information technology ­Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4)

This is a draft proposed American National Standard of Accredited Standards Committee INCITS. As such this is
not a completed standard. The T13h Technical Committee may modify this document as a result of comments
received during public review and its approval as a standard. Use of the information contained here in is at your
own risk.

Permission is granted to members of INCITS, its technical committees, and their associated task groups to
reproduce this document for the purposes of INCITS standardization activities without further permission,
provided this notice is included. All other rights are reserved. Any commercial or for-profit replication or
republication is prohibited.

T13h Technical Editor: Curtis E. Stevens

Western Digital Technologies, Inc.
20511 Lake Forest Dr.
Lake Forest, Ca. 92630
USA

Telephone:[phone]
Email: [e-mail]

Reference number
ISO/IEC xxxx-xxx:200x
ANSI INCITS xxx-200x

T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

Points of Contact

T13h Chair T13h Vice-Chair
Dan Colgrove Jim Hatfield
Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Seagate Technology
2903 Carmelo Dr 389 Disc Drive
Henderson, NV 89502 Longmont CO 80503
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]

INCITS Secretariat
INCITS Secretariat Tel: [phone]
1250 Eye Street, NW Suite 200 Fax: [phone]
Washington, DC 20005
Email: [e-mail]

T13h Reflector

See the T13h Web Site at http://www.t13h.org for reflector information.

T13h Web Site

http://www.t13h.org

T13h FTP Site

ftp.t13h.org (see www.t13h.org for login information)

Document Distribution

INCITS Online Store http://www.techstreet.com/incits.html
managed by Techstreet Telephone: 1-734-30?..?801
1327 Jones Drive or 1-800-699-9277
Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Facsimile: 1-734-302-7811

or
Global Engineering http://global.ihs.com/H
15 Inverness Way East Telephone: [phone]
Englewood, CO 80112-5704 or 1-800-854-7179

Facsimile: 1-303-792-2192
American National Standard
for Information Technology

ii Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4)

June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revision 3

Draft

Draft

Secretariat

Information Technology Industry Council

Approved mm.dd.yy

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

This standard describes services currently in use on IA-32 and IA-64 compatible architecture personal computer
systems. These services are provided by BIOS firmware to support hard disks up to 16 exabytes (16x10
bytes). This standard also provides BIOS level services for determining the relationship between BIOS device
numbers and the physical mass storage devices attached to the personal computer. The services defined in this
standard can be applied to mass storage devices with ATA, ATAPI, SCSI, USB, Fibre Channel, 1394, I
other interfaces. In addition, this standard defines the following:

a) formatting required to make a CD or DVD bootable;
b) INT 13h services used to access devices <8GB; and
c) addressing information for Infiniband, Serial ATA, Hypertransport, and PCI Express

.

Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) iii

ABSTRACT

18

O, and

2

T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

American
National
Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the
requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by
the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI
Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and
materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple
majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be
considered, and that effort be made towards their resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in
any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from
manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not
conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no
circumstances give interpretation on any American National Standard. Moreover, no person
shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard
in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations
should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of
this standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any
time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be
taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American
National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the
American National Standards Institute.

The patent statement goes here.

If no patents have been disclosed place the statement in 5.5.2 shall be used.

If any patents have been disclosed place the statement in 5.5.3 shall be used.

Published by

American National Standards Institute
11 W. 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036

Copyright © 2007 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).
All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may by reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Suite 200,
Washington, DC 20005.

Printed in the United States of America

iv Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4)

June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revision 3

Document Status

The text which is highlighted in green may affect backward compatibility.

Revision History

Rev Date Description

0 January 21, 2009 1) Used ACS-2r1 as the template for this first draft.

2) Populated this template with d1572r3.doc (EDD-3)

3) Used ACSC-2 definitions for byte, word, DWord, and QWord since
ACS-2 has a complete set of conventions.

4) Incorporated Erratum

5) Added editors notes where there were issues were found during
conversion.

1 July 29, 2009 1) Integrated e08134r1. This changes the definition of the device path.

Added definitions of both SATA and PATA to definition of terms. Defini­tions were taken from ACS-2 verbatim.

2) Integrated e09103r1. This obsoletes Read Long, Write Long, Seek,
Extended Seek, and Recalibrate.

3) Integrated e09102r3. This adds a Trusted Computing BIOS function

2 June 22, 2010 1) Incorporated e09136r0 - EDD-4r1 Updates from 30-Jul telecon and

19-Aug plenary.

2) Performed a spell check

3) Normalized periods to followed by 2 spaces.

4) Incorporate e09127r3

3 June 23, 2010 1) Corrected links that were not hot

2) Removed cut and paste artifacts from 2 notes in Annex A

New Capabilities added to EDD-4

Integrated Proposal List

# Doc Description

1 e08134r1 Updates SATA path definition

2 e09103r1 Obsoletes Read Long, Write Long, Seek, Extended Seek, and Recalibrate

3 e09102r3 Adds a Trusted Computing INT 13h BIOS function

4 e09127r3 Adds an Annex describing peaceful coexistence of MBR and GPT

Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) v

T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

Contents

Page

Points of Contact....................................................................................................................................................ii

Document Status ...................................................................................................................................................v

New Capabilities added to EDD-4 .........................................................................................................................v

Contents................................................................................................................................................................ vi

Tables ...................................................................................................................................................................ix

Figures ...................................................................................................................................................................x

Foreword............................................................................................................................................................... xi

Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................xi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Approved references ................................................................................................................................ 3

2.3 References under development ............................................................................................................... 4

2.4 Other references ....................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Definitions, abbreviations, and conventions ....................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Definitions and abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 6

3.3 Conventions .............................................................................................................................................. 6

3.3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 6

3.3.2 Precedence ..................................................................................................................................... 7

3.3.3 Lists ................................................................................................................................................. 7

3.3.4 Keywords ........................................................................................................................................ 8

3.3.5 Numbering ....................................................................................................................................... 8

3.3.6 Bit conventions ................................................................................................................................ 9

3.3.7 Number range convention ............................................................................................................... 9

3.3.8 Register and CF Contents ............................................................................................................... 9

3.3.9 Interrupt Services and Functions .................................................................................................... 9

3.3.10 Byte, word, DWord, and QWord Relationships ........................................................................... 10

3.3.11 ATA string convention ................................................................................................................. 10

4 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 12

5 <8GB INT 13h Functions (Conventional Functions) ........................................................................................ 13

6 >8GB INT 13h Functions ................................................................................................................................. 15

6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 15

6.2 Data Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 15

6.3 Removable Media ................................................................................................................................... 17

6.4 ...................................................................................................................... INT 13h Interface Subsets 17

6.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 17

6.4.2 Fixed Disk Access Subset ............................................................................................................. 17

6.4.3 Device Locking and Ejecting Subset ............................................................................................. 18

6.4.4 Enhanced Disk Drive (EDD) Support Subset ................................................................................ 18

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June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revision 3

7 CD/DVD Boot ................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 19

7.2 Boot Methods ......................................................................................................................................... 21

7.2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 21

7.2.2 Emulation Process ........................................................................................................................ 21

7.2.3 No Emulation Boot ........................................................................................................................ 22

7.2.4 Floppy Boot ................................................................................................................................... 22

7.2.5 Hard Drive Boot ............................................................................................................................. 22

7.3 CD/DVD Format ..................................................................................................................................... 23

7.3.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 23

7.3.2 Boot Volume Descriptor (BVD) ..................................................................................................... 23

7.3.3 Validation Entry ............................................................................................................................. 24

7.3.4 Initial/Default Entry ........................................................................................................................ 25

7.3.5 Section Header ............................................................................................................................. 25

7.3.6 Section Entry ................................................................................................................................. 27

7.3.7 Section Entry Extension ................................................................................................................ 28

8 INT 13h Function Definitions ............................................................................................................................ 29

8.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 29

8.2 Reset Disk Subsystem (FN 00h) ............................................................................................................ 30

8.3 Get Status of Last Operation (FN 01h) ................................................................................................... 31

8.4 Read Sectors into Memory (FN 02h) ...................................................................................................... 32

8.5 Write Sectors From Memory (FN 03h) ................................................................................................... 33

8.6 Verify Sectors (FN 04h) .......................................................................................................................... 34

8.7 Get Drive Parameters (FN 08h) .............................................................................................................. 35

8.8 Read Buffer (FN 0Eh) ............................................................................................................................. 36

8.9 Write Buffer (FN 0Fh) ............................................................................................................................. 37

8.10 Get Disk Type (FN 15h) ........................................................................................................................ 38

8.11 Set Media Type (FN 18h) ..................................................................................................................... 39

8.12 Park Heads (FN 19h) ............................................................................................................................ 40

8.13 Identify Device Information (FN 25h) .................................................................................................... 41

8.14 Check Extensions Present (FN 41h) .................................................................................................... 42

8.15 Extended Read (FN 42h) ...................................................................................................................... 43

8.16 Extended Write (FN 43h) ...................................................................................................................... 44

8.17 Verify Sectors (FN 44h) ........................................................................................................................ 45

8.18 Lock/Unlock Media (FN 45h) ................................................................................................................ 46

8.19 Eject Removable Media (FN 46h) ........................................................................................................ 47

8.20 Get Device Parameters (FN 48h) ......................................................................................................... 48

8.20.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 48

8.20.2 Interface Path .............................................................................................................................. 50

8.20.3 Device Path ................................................................................................................................. 51

8.20.4 Device Parameter Table Extension (DPTE) ................................................................................ 54

8.21 Get Extended Media Change Status (FN 49h) ..................................................................................... 58

8.22 Initiate Disk Emulation (FN 4Ah) .......................................................................................................... 59

8.23 Terminate Disk Emulation (FN 4Bh) ........................................................................................

8.24 Initiate Disk Emulation & Boot (FN 4Ch) .............................................................................................. 63

8.25 Return Boot Catalog (FN 4Dh) ............................................................................................................. 64

8.26 Set Hardware Configuration (FN 4Eh) .................................................................................................. 65

8.27 Send Packet Command (FN 50h) ........................................................................................................ 66

8.27.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 66

8.27.2 Packet Sending Service (PSS) For SCSI Command Descriptor Blocks (CDB) .......................... 66

8.28 Security Protocol Commands (FN 51h) ................................................................................................ 69

............. 62

9 INT 15h Removable Media Eject ..................................................................................................................... 70

Annex A (informative) Hybrid MBR boot .............................................................................................................. 71

A.1 Hybrid MBR boot overview ..................................................................................................................... 71

Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) vii

T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

A.2 GPT support for hybrid MBR boot code ................................................................................................. 71

A.3 Hybrid MBR boot code ........................................................................................................................... 72

A.4 Hybrid MBR boot code endeavor procedure .......................................................................................... 73

A.5 Hybrid VBR boot code ............................................................................................................................ 74

viii Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4)

June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revision 3

Table s

Page

Table 1 - Approved ANSI References.................................................................................................................... 3

Table 2 - References Under Development ............................................................................................................ 4

Table 3 - Numbering conventions .......................................................................................................................... 9

Table 4 - ATA string byte swapping ..................................................................................................................... 11

Table 5 - ATA firmware revision example ............................................................................................................ 11

Table 6 - Conventional Register Definitions......................................................................................................... 13

Table 7 - Conventional Function Definitions ........................................................................................................ 14

Table 8 - Extended Function Definitions .............................................................................................................. 15

Table 9 - Device Address Packet......................................................................................................................... 16

Table 10 - Removable Media Return Codes........................................................................................................ 17

Table 11 - Fixed Disk Access .............................................................................................................................. 17

Table 12 - Locking and Ejecting........................................................................................................................... 18

Table 13 - EDD Support....................................................................................................................................... 18

Table 14 - Floppy Geometries ............................................................................................................................. 22

Table 15 - Boot Volume Descriptor...................................................................................................................... 23

Table 16 - Validation Entry................................................................................................................................... 24

Table 17 - Initial/Default Entry.............................................................................................................................. 25

Table 18 - Section Header ................................................................................................................................... 26

Table 19 - Section Entry ...................................................................................................................................... 27

Table 20 - Section Entry Extension...................................................................................................................... 28

Table 21 - Interface Support Bit Map ................................................................................................................... 42

Table 22 - Result Buffer ....................................................................................................................................... 48

Table 23 - Interface Path Definitions.................................................................................................................... 50

Table 24 - Device Path Definitions....................................................................................................................... 52

Table 25 - Device parameter table extension ...................................................................................................... 54

Table 26 - Translation Type ................................................................................................................................. 57

Table 27 - CD Specification Packet ..................................................................................................................... 60

Table 28 - CD Command Packet ......................................................................................................................... 64

Table 29 - Hardware Configuration Sub-Functions.............................................................................................. 65

Table 30 - Formatted Command Packet .............................................................................................................. 66

Table 31 - Formatted Protocol Specific Data ....................................................................................................... 67

Table 32 - Output Parameters ............................................................................................................................. 68

Table 33 - Data Buffer for Security Protocol Commands ..................................................................................... 69

Table A.1 - Protective MBR with hybrid MBR boot code...................................................................................... 71

Table A.2 - Hybrid MBR endeavor IA-32 register values ..................................................................................... 73

Table A.3 - Hybrid MBR boot code hand over structure ...................................................................................... 73

Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) ix

T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

Figures

Page

Figure 1 - ATA document relationships................................................................................................................ 2

Figure 2 - Byte, word, DWord and QWord relationships .................................................................................... 10

Figure 3 - System Component Diagram ............................................................................................................ 12

Figure 4 - ISO 9660 CD Layout ........................................................................................................................ 19

Figure 5 - Boot CD or DVD with a single boot image........................................................................................ 20

Figure 6 - Boot CD or DVD with multiple boot images ....................................................................................... 21

Figure A.1 - GPT disk layout with hybrid MBR boot code example ................................................................... 71

Figure A.2 - GPT disk layout with hybrid MBR boot code truncation example................................................... 72

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June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revision 3

Foreword

Foreword

(This foreword is not part of American National Standard NCITS.xxx-200x)

DOS accesses its mass storage devices using an INT13h programming interface provided by BIOS firmware to
higher-level software. This interface was designed in the early 1980's, upgraded in the late 1980's and upgraded
again in the early 1990's. Initially, INT 13h used a cylinder-head-sector interface that was limited to approx.
528MB of disk addressing. Later this same interface was upgraded to support approx. 8.4GB of disk
addressing. Finally, extended functions were created that allowed 64-bit disk addressing. At this same time,
specifications were created that allowed the CD or DVD ROM drive to boot using the same INT 13h interface that
hard drives used. The Disk and CD/DVD functions have never been fully documented in a standards forum.
This standard enables the following capabilities:

a) CHS addressing with an 8.4GB limitation;
b) Logical Block Addressing (LBA);
c) removes the requirement of using interrupt 41h/46h to point at the Fixed Disk Parameter Table

information;

d) makes location and configuration information available to operating systems that do not use the BIOS to

access mass storage devices;
e) use data structures that apply to both IA-32 and IA-64 compatible architecture systems;
f) use data structures that can address media capacities for the next 20 years; and
g) boot from CD or DVD.

Requests for interpretation, suggestions for improvement and addenda, or defect reports are welcome. They
should be sent to the NCITS Secretariat, Information Technology Industry Council, 1250 I Street NW, Suite 200,
Washington, DC 20005-3922.

This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by National Committee for Information
Technology Standardization (NCITS). Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all
committee members voted for approval. At the time it approved this standard, NCITS had the following
members:

Editor’s Note 1: Insert INCITS Membership List Here

Technical Committee T13h on ATA Interfaces, that reviewed this standard, had the following members and
additional participants:

Dan Colegrove, Chair

Jim Hatfield, Vice-Chair

Mark Overby, Secretary

Editor’s Note 2: Insert T13h Membership List Here

Introduction

This standard encompasses the following:
Clause 1 describes the scope.
Clause 2 provides normative references.
Clause 3 provides definitions, abbreviations, and conventions.
Clause 4 is the overview.
Clause 5 is INT 13h functions limited to 8GB if disk addressing.
Clause 6 is INT 13h functions not limited to 8GB of disk addressing.

Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) xi

T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

Clause 7 is CD/DVD Booting
Clause 8 is INT 13h function definitions
Clause 9 is INT 15H Removable Media Eject Functions
Annex A describes Hybrid MBR boot

Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

xii Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4)

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD BSR INCITS xxx-200x

American National Standard

for Information Technology –

Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4)

1 Scope

This standard assumes that the reader is familiar with the conventional INT 13h interface, the usage of the BIOS
Device Parameter Table, and the basic operation of mass storage devices. This standard describes in detail
BIOS functions and data structures that are used as an abstraction layer to allow higher-level applications to
access mass storage devices in an interface and command-set independent manner. To comply with this
standard, higher-level software shall call the INT functions using the data structures described herein, and
system firmware shall provide the INT functions and data structures described herein.

The storage industry has increased the capacity and functionality of many types of mass storage devices. This
increase in capacity and functionality has required the development of a BIOS interface. This standard
documents the BIOS interface that is supplied by many BIOS vendors. This standard defines solutions to the
following INT 13h BIOS-specific issues:

a) The INT 13h interface has a limit of 528 megabytes (MB);
b) The INT 13h interface allows more than two devices to be attached to a system but has no consistent

method for storing the additional configuration parameters;
c) The INT 13h interface does not define CHS-independent methods for addressing devices. The methods

defined by the INT 13h interface are not device-geometry independent. A different method of address

representation and operation is needed;
d) Methods of data transfer continue to be added to ATA devices. Capabilities such as, DMA modes,

multi-sector data transfers and PIO modes are not reported to the operating system via the INT 13h

interface;
e) Systems require more than two storage devices, and with this requirement comes the requirement to

assign the order in which the devices are to be accessed. The INT 13h interface does not provide this

capability;
f) The INT 13h interface does not make location and configuration information available to operating

systems that do not use the BIOS to access mass storage devices;
g) The INT 13h interface does not provide a linkage between the BIOS device assignments on the

operating system device letter assignments;
h) The INT 13h interface does not use data structures that apply to both IA-32 and IA-64 compatible

architecture systems.

Working Draft Enhanced Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) 1

T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

AT Attachment – 8

Architecture Model

(ATA8-AAM)

Packet delivered

command sets

AT Attachment – 8

Parallel Transport

(ATA8-APT)

AT Attachment – 8

Serial Transport

(ATA8-AST)

ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 2 (ACS-2)

EDD-4 and Related host

standards and specifications

Other related

device specifications

The set of AT Attachment standards consists of this standard and the ATA implementation standards described in
AT Attachment - 8 ATA/ATAPI Architecture Model (ATA8-AAM). Enhance Disk Drive - 4 (EDD-4) specifies a
common set of procedures used to access or boot storage devices. Figure 1 shows the relationship of this
standard to the other standards and related projects in the ATA and SCSI families of standards and
specifications.

Figure 1 — ATA document relationships

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June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revision 3

2 Normative references

2.1 General

The standards list in 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4 contain provisions that, through reference in the text, constitute provisions
of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the standards listed in 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4.

Copies of these standards may be obtained from ANSI: Approved ANSI standards, approved and draft
international and regional standards (ISO, IEC, CEN/CENELEC, ITUT), and approved and draft foreign
standards (including BSI, JIS, and DIN). For further information, contact ANSI Customer Service Department at
212-642-4900 (phone), 212-302-1286 (fax), or via the World Wide Web at http://www.ansi.org.

Additional availability contact information is provided as needed.

2.2 Approved references

Copies of the following documents may be obtained from ANSI, an ISO member organization:

a) Approved ANSI standards;
b) approved international and regional standards (ISO and IEC); and
c) approved foreign standards (including JIS and DIN).

For further information, contact the ANSI Customer Service Department:

Phone [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Web: http://www.ansi.org

E-mail: [e-mail]

or the InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS):

Phone [phone]

Web: http://www.incits.org

E-mail: [e-mail]

Table 1 lists approved ANSI standards, approved international and regional standards (ISO, IEC,
CEN/CENELEC, ITUT). Additional information may be available at http://www.t10.org and http://www.t13h.org.

Table 1 — Approved ANSI References

Name Reference

Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM For Information Interchange ISO 9660-1988
Fibre Channel Framing and Signaling Interface - 2 (FC-FS-2) INCITS 424-2007
(FC-LS) INCITS 433-2006
AT Attachment 8 - ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 8 (ATA8-ACS) INCITS 452-2009
Serial Attached SCSI - 1.1 (SAS-1.1) INCITS 417-2006
Serial Bus Protocol - 2 (SBP-2) INCITS 325-1998
Reduced Block Commands (RBC) INCITS 330-2003
SCSI Primary Commands - 3 (SPC-3) INCITS 408-2005
Multi-Media Commands - 5 (MMC-5) INCITS 430-2007
BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services - 3 (EDD-3) INCITS 407-2005
Extended Unique Identifier, 64-bit (EUI-64) ANSI/IEEE 394:1995
IEEE Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus IEEE 1394-2008

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T13/2132-D Revision 3 June 23, 2010

2.3 References under development

At the time of publication, the referenced standards were still under development. For information on the current
status of the document, or regarding availability, contact the relevant standards body or other organization as
indicated in table 2.

Table 2 — References Under Development

Name Project Number

ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 2 (ACS-2) INCITS 2015D
Serial Bus Protocol - 3 (SBP-3) INCITS 1467D
Multi-Media Commands - 6 (MMC-6) INCITS 1836D
SCSI Primary Commands - 4 (SPC-4) INCITS 1731D

2.4 Other references

These standards and specifications are also referenced.

BIOS Boot Specification (Compaq, Phoenix and Intel),

For the BIOS Boot Specification published by Phoenix Technologies, contact them at www.phoenix.com

El Torito CD-ROM Boot Specification

For the El Torito CD-ROM Boot Specification published by Phoenix Technologies, contact them at

www.phoenix.com

ATAPI Removable Media BIOS Specification

For the ATAPI Removable Media BIOS Specification published by Phoenix Technologies, contact them

at www.phoenix.com

Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification

For the Universal Serial Bus 3.0 Specification, contact the USB Implementors Forum at www.usb.org

Mass Storage Overview

For the Mass Storage Overview specification, contact the USB Implementors Forum at www.usb.org,

www.usb.org/developers

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Specification, Version 2.3 (UEFI-2.3) plus errata

For the UEFI-2.3 specification, contact the Unified EFI Forum at www.uefi.org

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June 23, 2010 T13/2132-D Revision 3

3 Definitions, abbreviations, and conventions

3.1 Definitions and abbreviations

3.1.1 ATA (AT Attachment) device: An AT Attachment (also known as IDE) is a storage device that

conforms to an ATA standard.

3.1.2 BDA: The BIOS Data Area is an area of reserved memory used by the BIOS and OS to store

data about the system hardware. It is located at memory segment 40h starting with 40h:00h.

3.1.3 BIOS: The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is the firmware stored in non-volatile (NV) memory

located on the computer's main board. The BIOS executes POST to test and initialize the
system components and then loads the OS. The BIOS also handles the low-level Input/Output
to the various peripheral devices connected to the computer.

3.1.4 byte: A sequence of eight contiguous bits considered as a unit. See 3.3.10.

3.1.5 Carry Clear: a condition where the Carry Flag in the ELAGS register is cleared to zero.

3.1.6 Carry Set: a condition where the Carry Flag in the EFLAGS register is set to one.

3.1.7 CF: The Carry Flag is a bit in the EFLAGS register in the microprocessor.

3.1.8 CHS: CHS addressing is a method of addressing the contents of a storage device using logical

cylinders (C), logical heads (H), and logical sectors (S). This method of addressing allows a
maximum C=16,383, H=16, S=63, resulting in a maximum device capacity of 8.4 gigabytes
(16,383 16 63 512 bytes per sector 8.4 gigabytes). See LBA addressing for another addressing
method.

3.1.9 Conventional: When a word, term, or phrase is modified by the word "conventional" it refers to

the legacy style, or method of operation that is limited to addressing ATA devices that have a 528
MB capacity or less. See 3.2.10xxx for the definition of "Enhanced".

3.1.10 DOS: DOS is a disk operating system that uses the system BIOS as a firmware abstraction layer

to access system hardware. Examples of DOS based operating systems include MS-DOS
DR-DOS, PC-DOS, Free DOS, Windows

®

3.11, and Windows® 95.

3.1.11 DWord: A sequence of four contiguous bytes considered as a unit. See 3.3.10.

3.1.12 enhanced: When a word, term, or phrase is modified by the word "enhanced" it means there is a

"conventional" and an "enhanced" method of operation. The "enhanced" method is defined by
this standard.

3.1.13 Host: The Host is the computer system that is controlled by the BIOS.

3.1.14 Hybrid MBR boot code: IA-32 compatible code located in the MBR that processes the GPT

disk layout.

3.1.15 Hybrid VBR boot code: IA-32 compatible code located in the VBR that processes the GPT disk

layout.

3.1.16 IA-32 compatible: IA-32 compatible refers to computer processor architectures that are

compatible with the Intel Architecture 32-bit wide processor and data bus.

3.1.17 IA-64 compatible: IA-64 compatible refers to computer processor architectures that are

compatible with the Intel Architecture 64-bit wide processor and data bus.

3.1.18 INT 13h: A BIOS interrupt service that provides a protocol independent method for addressing

floppy, hard drive, and other storage devices.

3.1.19 INT 40h: INT 40h is a BIOS interrupt service that provides a protocol independent method for

addressing INT 13h devices that have a device number less than or equal to 7Fh.

3.1.20 GPT disk layout: The disk layout defined by the Unified EFI specification (see UEFI-2.3).

3.1.21 LBA: LBA is a method of addressing a device that involves using a Logical Block Address. For

example, using 28-bit addressing, this method of addressing allows a maximum sector address

28

-1, or 137.4 GB of data on an ATA device. See CHS for another address method.

of 2

®

,

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3.1.22 Logical Address/Geometry: A logical address or geometry is used to address a device by an

application, such as DOS, using the INT 13h interface. INT 13h FN 8 returns the logical
geometry of the device.

3.1.23 Master Boot Record (MBR): The first LBA on a disk.

3.1.24 MBR disk layout: The disk layout traditionally used by BIOS based systems.

3.1.25 NV Memory: Non-Volatile memory is memory that retains content even when the power has

been removed. The most common type of NV memory on a computer system is the CMOS
RAM that is used to store system configuration information.

3.1.26 OS: An Operating System is a software abstraction layer that provides services that give

applications access to system hardware, in a hardware independent fashion. Examples of these
services include memory management, multi-threaded task management, file system
management, printer management, and screen management.

3.1.27 PATA (Parallel ATA) device: A device implementing the parallel ATA transport (see ATA8-APT).

3.1.28 POST: The Power-On Self-Test is the part of the BIOS that takes control immediately after power

is applied to the computer. POST initializes the computer hardware so that an OS may be
loaded.

3.1.29 QWord: A sequence of eight contiguous bytes considered as a unit. See 3.3.10.

3.1.30 QWord-aligned pointer: A pointer where the lowest order three bits are 000b.

3.1.31 SATA (Serial ATA) device: A device implementing the serial ATA transport (see ATA8-AST).

3.1.32 seg:offset: An addressing method where the address is calculated by the following formula:

seg*16+offset. This calculation results in a 20 bit linear address space.

3.1.33 Standard Floppy Drive: The Standard Floppy Drive is the generic term to define the currently

used 5.25 inch floppy drives and the 3.5 inch floppy diskette drives found in many systems.

3.1.34 Volume Boot Record (VBR): The first LBA in a bootable partition.

3.1.35 word: A sequence of two contiguous bytes considered as a unit. See 3.3.10.

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

Abbreviation Meaning

* multiplied by

/ divided by

< less than

> greater than

GPT GUID Partition Table (see UEFI-2.3)

MBR Master Boot Record (see 3.1.24)

OS Operating System (see 3.1.26)

UEFI Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (see UEFI-2.3)

VBR Volume Boot Record (see 3.1.34)

3.3 Conventions

3.3.1 Overview

Lowercase is used for words having the normal English language meaning. Certain words and terms used in this
standard have a specific meaning beyond the normal English language meaning. These words and terms are
defined either in clause 3 or in the text where they first appear.

The names of abbreviations, commands, fields, and acronyms used as signal names are in all uppercase (e.g.,
IDENTIFY DEVICE). Fields containing only one bit are usually referred to as the “name” bit instead of the
“name” field. (See 3.3.6 for the naming convention used for naming bits.)

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Names of device fields begin with a capital letter (e.g., Count).

The expression “word n” or “bit n” shall be interpreted as indicating the content of word n or bit n.

3.3.2 Precedence

If there is a conflict between text, figures, and tables, the precedence shall be tables, figures, then text.

3.3.3 Lists

3.3.3.1 Lists overview

Lists shall be introduced by a complete grammatical proposition followed by a colon and completed by the items
in the list.

Each item in a list shall be preceded by an identification with the style of the identification being determined by
whether the list is intended to be an ordered list or an unordered list.

If the item in a list is not a complete sentence, then the first word in the item shall not be capitalized. If the item in
a list is a complete sentence, then the first word in the item shall be capitalized,

Each item in a list shall end with a semicolon, except the last item, which shall end in a period. The next to the
last entry in the list shall end with a semicolon followed by an “and” or an “or” (i.e., “...; and”, or “...; or”). The
“and” is used if all the items in the list are required. The “or” is used if only one or more items in the list are
required.

3.3.3.2 Unordered lists

An unordered list is one in which the order of the listed items is unimportant (i.e., it does not matter where in the
list an item occurs as all items have equal importance). Each list item shall start with a lower case letter followed
by a close parenthesis. If it is necessary to subdivide a list item further with an additional unordered list (i.e.,
have a nested unordered list), then the nested unordered list shall be indented and each item in the nested
unordered list shall start with an upper case letter followed by a close parenthesis.

The following is an example of an unordered list with a nested unordered list:

The following are the items for the assembly:

a) a box containing:

A) a bolt;

B) a nut; and

C) a washer;
b) a screwdriver; and
c) a wrench.

3.3.3.3 Ordered lists

An ordered list is one in which the order of the listed items is important (i.e., item n is required before item n+1).
Each listed item starts with an Western-Arabic numeral followed by a close parenthesis. If it is necessary to
subdivide a list item further with an additional unordered list (i.e., have a nested unordered list), then the nested
unordered list shall be indented and each item in the nested unordered list shall start with an upper case letter
followed by a close parenthesis.

The following is an example of an ordered list with a nested unordered list:

The following are the instructions for the assembly:

1) Remove the contents from the box;

2) Assemble the item;

A) Use a screwdriver to tighten the screws; and

B) Use a wrench to tighten the bolts;

and

3) Take a break.

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3.3.4 Keywords

Several keywords are used to differentiate between different levels of requirements and options.

3.3.4.1 expected: A keyword used to describe the behavior of the hardware or software in the design models

assumed by this standard. Other hardware and software design models may also be implemented.

3.3.4.2 mandatory: A keyword indicating items to be implemented as defined by this standard.

3.3.4.3 may: A keyword that indicates flexibility of choice with no implied preference.

3.3.4.4 N/A: A keyword that indicates a field is not applicable and has no defined value and should not be

checked by the host or device.

3.3.4.5 obsolete: A keyword indicating that the designated bits, bytes, words, fields, and code values that may

have been defined in previous standards are not defined in this standard and shall not be reclaimed for

other uses in future standards. However, some degree of functionality may be required for items desig-

nated as “obsolete” to provide for backward compatibility.

Obsolete commands should not be used by the host. Commands defined as obsolete may be command

aborted by devices conforming to this standard. However, if a device does not return command aborted

for an obsolete command, then the device shall return command completion for the command.

3.3.4.6 optional: A keyword that describes features that are not required by this standard. However, if any

optional feature defined by the standard is implemented, the feature shall be implemented in the way

defined by the standard.

3.3.4.7 prohibited: A keyword indicating that an item shall not be implemented by an implementation.

3.3.4.8 reserved: A keyword indicating reserved bits, bytes, words, fields, and code values that are set aside for

future standardization. Their use and interpretation may be specified by future extensions to this or other

standards. A reserved bit, byte, word, or field shall be cleared to zero, or in accordance with a future

extension to this standard. The recipient shall not check reserved bits, bytes, words, or fields. Receipt

of reserved code values in defined fields shall be treated as a command parameter error and reported by

returning command aborted.

3.3.4.9 retired: A keyword indicating that the designated bits, bytes, words, fields, and code values that had

been defined in previous standards are not defined in this standard and may be reclaimed for other uses

in future standards. If retired bits, bytes, words, fields, or code values are used before they are

reclaimed, they shall have the meaning or functionality as described in previous standards.

3.3.4.10 shall: A keyword indicating a mandatory requirement. Designers are required to implement all such

mandatory requirements to ensure interoperability with other products that conform to this standard.

3.3.4.11 should: A keyword indicating flexibility of choice with a strongly preferred alternative. Equivalent to the

phrase “it is recommended”.

3.3.5 Numbering

A binary number is represented in this standard by any sequence of digits consisting of only the Western-Arabic
numerals 0 and 1 immediately followed by a lower-case b (e.g., 0101b). Underscores or spaces may be included
between characters in binary number representations to increase readability or delineate field boundaries (e.g., 0
0101 1010b or 0_0101_1010b).

A hexadecimal number is represented in this standard by any sequence of digits consisting of only the
Western-Arabic numerals 0 through 9 and/or the upper-case English letters A through F immediately followed by
a lower-case h (e.g., FA23h). Underscores or spaces may be included between characters in hexadecimal

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number representations to increase readability or delineate field boundaries (e.g., B FD8C FA23h or
B_FD8C_FA23h).

A decimal number is represented in this standard by any sequence of digits consisting of only the Arabic
numerals 0 through 9 not immediately followed by a lower-case b or lower-case h (e.g., 25). This standard uses
the following conventions for representing decimal numbers:

a) the decimal separator (i.e., separating the integer and fractional portions of the number) is a period;
b) the thousands separator (i.e., separating groups of three digits in a portion of the number) is a space;

and
c) the thousands separator is used in both the integer portion and the fraction portion of a number.

Table 3 shows some examples of decimal numbers using various numbering conventions.

Table 3 — Numbering conventions

French English This standard

0,6 0.6 0.6

3,141 592 65 3.14159265 3.141 592 65

1 000 1,000 1 000

1 323 462,95 1,323,462.95 1 323 462.95

A decimal number represented in this standard with an overline over one or more digits following the decimal
point is a number where the overlined digits are infinitely repeating (e.g., 666.6 means 666.666 666... or 666 2/3,
and 12.142 857 means 12.142 857 142 857... or 12 1/7).

3.3.6 Bit conventions

Name (n:m), where n shall be greater than m, denotes a set of bits (e.g., Feature (7:0)). n:m where n shall be
greater than m denotes a bit range in a table.

3.3.7 Number range convention

p..q, where p is less than q, represents a range of numbers (e.g., words 100..103 represents words 100, 101,
102, and 103).

3.3.8 Register and CF Contents

The value contained in a register is expressed as "register name = value" (e.g., AH = 01h). The value contained
in CF (the Carry Flag) is expressed as "CF = value" (e.g., CF = 1b).

3.3.9 Interrupt Services and Functions

The format for a function that is called via an interrupt service is:

INT XXh FN YYh where XXh is the interrupts service number and YYh is the number of the function that

is performed by the service.

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QWord n/4

DWord n/2

Word n

Byte

76543210

Byte

76543210

Word at offset n

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

76543210

DWord at word offset n

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 823 22 21 20 19 18 17 1631 30 29 28 27 26 25 24

Byte 2nByte 2n+1

MSB LSB

Byte 2nByte 2n+1Byte 2n+2Byte 2n+3

15 8 7 0

QWord at word offset n

31 24 23 1647 40 39 3263 56 55 48

Byte 2n

Word nWord n+1

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

MSB

MSB

LSB

LSB

DWord n/2DWord n/2+1

Word nWord n+1Word n+2Word n+3

MSB LSB

Byte 2n+1Byte 2n+2Byte 2n+3Byte 2n+4Byte 2n+5Byte 2n+6Byte 2n+7

3.3.10 Byte, word, DWord, and QWord Relationships

Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between bytes, words, DWords, and QWords.

Figure 2 — Byte, word, DWord and QWord relationships

Unless stated or defined otherwise, in a field containing a multi-byte value (e.g., a word, DWord, or QWord), the
byte containing the LSB is stored at the lowest offset and the byte containing the MSB is stored at the highest
offset.

3.3.11 ATA string convention

ATA strings are sequences of bytes containing ASCII graphic characters in the range of 20h-7Eh. ATA strings
shall not contain values in the range of 00h-1Fh or 7Fh-FFh.

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Each pair of bytes in an ATA string is swapped as shown in table 4.

Table 4 — ATA string byte swapping

Word Byte Character in string

0 0 Second character

1 First character

1 2 Fourth character

3 Third character

... ... ...

n 2n Last character

2n+1 Second-to-last character

If the field contains the string “abcdefg ”, including one padding space character at the end, then the word and
byte representations for the field are shown in table 5.

Table 5 — ATA firmware revision example

Word Value Byte Value

23 6162h (i.e., “ba”) 36 62h (i.e., ‘b’)

37 61h (i.e., ‘a’)

24 6364h (i.e., “dc”) 38 64h (i.e., ‘d’)

39 63h (i.e., ‘c’)

25 6566h (i.e., “fe”) 40 66h (i.e., ‘f’)

41 65h (i.e., ‘e’)

26 6720h (i.e., “ g”) 42 20h (i.e., ‘ ’, the space character)

43 67h (i.e., ‘g’)

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CPU

Host Bus Bridge

Adapter/Interface

hardware

Device

I/O or Memory Bus

Host Bus

(Need to know host bus type to access the

adapter/interface hardware)

Interface Bus

(Need to know interface bus

type to access the device)

4 Overview

In the past, DOS has accessed its mass storage devices using a BIOS provided INT 13h interface. This interface
was designed in the early 1980's and upgraded in the late 1980's. The maximum capacity that can be addressed
by this Applications Program Interface (API) on a disk drive is 8.4 GB. The INT 13h interface, now known as the
conventional INT 13h interface, uses function numbers 01h through 3Fh and is Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS)
oriented. An extended INT 13h interface has been created. The purpose of these INT 13h extensions shall be
to:

a) Replace CHS addressing with Logical Block Addressing (LBA);
b) Remove the current requirement of using interrupt 41h/46h to point at the Fixed Disk Parameter Table

information (see 8.20.4);
c) Make location and configuration information available to operating systems that do not use the BIOS to

access mass storage devices;
d) Use data structures that apply to both IA-32 and IA-64 compatible architecture systems; and
e) Use data structures that can address media capacities for the next 20 years.

Many BIOS, Option ROM, and OS vendors have already implemented the functions defined in this document for
ATA and SCSI style devices. This standard builds on EDD-3 to enable additional mass storage technologies.

DOS and other operating systems, such as Windows
add the capability to consistently provide the same drive letter assignments to the user. The result of this
capability is that storage devices can be added to an EDD system, and the existing drive letters do not change.

Data written on media can render the media incompatible with certain drive letters when some drive letter based
operating systems are used. Technologies, such as IEEE 1394-2008, blur the difference between fixed and
removable media.

®

98, Windows® NT, Windows® 2000, and Windows® XP,

One of the important aspects of this standard is to allow a BIOS to describe the physical path to a device. Figure
3 shows the basic system components that are referenced by this standard.

Figure 3 — System Component Diagram

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5 <8GB INT 13h Functions (Conventional Functions)

The Conventional INT 13h functions can address a maximum of 8.4GB of device space. Sector sizes shall be
exactly 512 bytes. The Conventional INT 13h functions pass all parameters in registers using the following
template (see table 6) unless otherwise specified:

Table 6 — Conventional Register Definitions

Register Description

AH INT 13h function number (Range is 00h through 3Fh)

AL Number of sectors to transfer

CH Low 8 bits of Cylinder

CL

Bit

Description

5:0 Sector number. This value shall be >= 01h and <= 3Fh

7:6 High order 2 bits of the cylinder

DH Head Number

DL

Bit

Description

6:0 Drive number

7 Set to 1 for Fixed media, clear to 0 for removable media

ES:BX This register contains the buffer pointer (i.e., the beginning address of the buffer in system memory).

Commands that move data from the device to memory shall use this pointer as the destination for
the data. Commands that move data from memory to the device shall use this pointer as the source
for the data to be transferred.

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The following conventional functions shown in table 7 are documented in this standard:

Table 7 — Conventional Function Definitions

Function

a

Description

00h Reset disk subsystem (see 8.2)

01h Get status of last operation (see 8.3)

02h Read Sectors into memory (see 8.4)

03h Write sectors from memory (see 8.5)

04h Verify sectors (see 8.6)

08h Get Drive Parameters (see 8.7)

0Ah Obsolete

0Bh Obsolete

0Ch Obsolete

0Eh Read Buffer (see 8.8)

0Fh Write Buffer (see 8.9)

11h Obsolete

15h Get Disk Type (see 8.10)

18h Set Media Type (see 8.11)

19h Park heads (see 8.12)

25h IDENTIFY DEVICE info (see 8.13)

a

All other values are defined outside this standard

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