Distributed Gate Thyristor
Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28#
(Old Type Number: R500CH28)
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Date:- 9 May, 2003
Data Sheet Issue:- 1
VOLTAGE RATINGS
V
DRM
V
DSM
V
RRM
V
RSM
Repetitive peak off-state voltage, (note 1) 2000-2800 V
Non-repetitive peak off-state voltage, (note 1) 2000-2800 V
Repetitive peak reverse voltage, (note 1) 2000-2800 V
Non-repetitive peak reverse voltage, (note 1) 2100-2900 V
OTHER RATINGS
I
T(AVM)
I
T(AVM)
I
T(AVM)
I
T(RMS)
I
T(d.c.)
I
TSM
I
TSM2
I2tI
I2t
(di/dt)
V
RGM
P
G(AV)
P
GM
T
j op
T
stg
Maximum average on-state current, T
Maximum average on-state current. T
Maximum average on-state current. T
Nominal RMS on-state current, T
D.C. on-state current, T
Peak non-repetitive surge tp=10ms, Vrm=0.6V
Peak non-repetitive surge tp=10ms, Vrm≤10V, (note 5)
2
t capacity for fusing tp=10ms, Vrm=0.6V
2
t capacity for fusing tp=10ms, Vrm≤10V, (note 5)
I
Critical rate of rise of on-state current (repetitive), (Note 6) 1000 A/µs
cr
Critical rate of rise of on-state current (non-repetitive), (Note 6) 1500 A/µs
Peak reverse gate voltage 5 V
Mean forward gate power 5 W
Peak forward gate power 30 W
Operating temperature range -40 to +125 °C
Storage temperature range -40 to +150 °C
MAXIMUM
LIMITS
MAXIMUM
LIMITS
=55°C, (note 2) 2475 A
sink
=85°C, (note 2) 1643 A
sink
=85°C, (note 3) 949 A
sink
=25°C, (note 2) 4978 A
sink
=25°C, (note 4) 4100 A
sink
, (note 5) 31.0 kA
RRM
34.1 kA
, (note 5) 4.81×10
RRM
5.81×10
6
6
UNITS
UNITS
A2s
A2s
Notes:-
1) De-rating factor of 0.13% per °C is applicable for T
2) Double side cooled, single phase; 50Hz, 180° half-sinewave.
3) Single side cooled, single phase; 50Hz, 180° half-sinewave.
4) Double side cooled.
5) Half-sinewave, 125°C T
6) V
=67% V
D
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 1 of 12 May, 2003
, IFG=2A, tr≤0.5µs, T
DRM
initial.
j
case
=125°C.
below 25°C.
j
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Characteristics
PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. TEST CONDITIONS (Note 1) UNITS
V
TM
V
TM
V
T0
r
T
(dv/dt)crCritical rate of rise of off-state voltage 200 - - VD=80% V
I
DRM
I
RRM
V
GT
I
GT
V
GD
I
H
t
gd
t
gt
Q
rr
Q
ra
I
rm
t
rr
t
q
R
thJK
Maximum peak on-state voltage - - 2.55 ITM=5700A V
Maximum peak on-state voltage - - 2.8 ITM=7425A V
Threshold voltage - - 1.504 V
Slope resistance - - 0.174
, Linear ramp, Gate o/c
DRM
Peak off-state current - - 300 Rated V
Peak reverse current - - 300 Rated V
Gate trigger voltage - - 3.0 V
T
Gate trigger current - - 300
Gate non-trigger voltage - - 0.25 Rated V
DRM
RRM
=25°C VD=10V, IT=3A
j
DRM
mΩ
V/µs
mA
mA
mA
V
Holding current - - 1000 Tj=25°C mA
Gate controlled turn-on delay time - 0.8 1.5
Turn-on time - 1.5 3.0
=67% V
V
D
I
=2A, tr=0.5µs, Tj=25°C
FG
, ITM=4000A, di/dt=60A/µs,
DRM
µs
Recovered charge - 3900 - µC
Recovered charge, 50% Chord - 1700 2175 µC
Reverse recovery current - 380 - A
Reverse recovery time - 9.0 -
40 - 60
Turn-off time (note 2)
80 - 100
Thermal resistance, junction to heatsink
- - 0.011 Double side cooled K/W
I
=4000A, tp=2000µs, di/dt=60A/µs,
TM
V
=100V
r
ITM=4000A, tp=2000µs, di/dt=60A/µs,
V
=100V, Vdr=67%V
r
, dVdr/dt=20V/µs
DRM
ITM=4000A, tp=2000µs, di/dt=60A/µs,
V
=100V, Vdr=67%V
r
, dVdr/dt=200V/µs
DRM
µs
µs
- - 0.022 Single side cooled K/W
F Mounting force 27 - 47 kN
W
Weight - 1.7 - kg
t
Notes:-
1) Unless otherwise indicated T
2) The required t
details of t
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 2 of 12 May, 2003
(specified with dVdr/dt=200V/µs) is represented by a ‘#’ in the device part number. See ordering information for
q
codes.
q
=125°C.
j
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Notes on Ratings and Characteristics
1.0 Voltage Grade Table
Voltage Grade
V
DRM VDSM VRRM
V
V
RSM
V
V
V
D
DC V
R
20 2000 2100 1250
22 2200 2300 1350
24 2400 2500 1450
26 2600 2700 1550
28 2800 2900 1650
2.0 Extension of Voltage Grades
This report is applicable to other and higher voltage grades when supply has been agreed by
Sales/Production.
3.0 Extension of Turn-off Time
This Report is applicable to other tq/re-applied dv/dt combinations when supply has been agreed by
Sales/Production.
4.0 Repetitive dv/dt
Higher dv/dt selections are available up to 1000V/µs on request.
5.0 De-rating Factor
A blocking voltage de-rating factor of 0.13%/°C is applicable to this device for Tj below 25°C.
6.0 Snubber Components
When selecting snubber components, care must be taken not to use excessively large values of snubber
capacitor or excessively small values of snubber resistor. Such excessive component values may lead to
device damage due to the large resultant values of snubber discharge current. If required, please consult
the factory for assistance.
7.0 Rate of rise of on-state current
The maximum un-primed rate of rise of on-state current must not exceed 1500A/µs at any time during
turn-on on a non-repetitive basis. For repetitive performance, the on-state rate of rise of current must not
exceed 1000A/µs at any time during turn-on. Note that these values of rate of rise of current apply to the
total device current including that from any local snubber network.
8.0 Gate Drive
The nominal requirement for a typical gate drive is illustrated below. An open circuit voltage of at least 30V
is assumed. This gate drive must be applied when using the full di/dt capability of the device.
I
GM
4A/µs
I
G
t
p1
The magnitude of IGM should be between five and ten times IGT, which is shown on page 2. Its duration
) should be 20µs or sufficient to allow the anode current to reach ten times IL, whichever is greater.
(t
p1
Otherwise, an increase in pulse current could be needed to supply the necessary charge to trigger. The
‘back-porch’ current I
magnitude in the order of 1.5 times I
should remain flowing for the same duration as the anode current and have a
G
GT
.
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 3 of 12 May, 2003
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9.0 Frequency Ratings
The curves illustrated in figures 10 to 18 are for guidance only and are superseded by the maximum
ratings shown on page 1.
10.0 Square wave ratings
These ratings are given for load component rate of rise of forward current of 100 and 500 A/µs.
11.0 Duty cycle lines
The 100% duty cycle is represented on all the ratings by a straight line. Other duties can be included as
parallel to the first.
12.0 Maximum Operating Frequency
The maximum operating frequency is set by the on-state duty, the time required for the thyristor to turn off
) and for the off-state voltage to reach full value (tv), i.e.
(t
q
f
13.0 On-State Energy per Pulse Characteristics
These curves enable rapid estimation of device dissipation to be obtained for conditions not covered by
the frequency ratings.
Then the average dissipation will be:
14.0 Reverse recovery ratings
(i) Qra is based on 50% Irm chord as shown in Fig. 1
=
vqpulse ttt
++
be the Energy per pulse for a given current and pulse width, in joules
Let E
p
Let R
and T
be the steady-state d.c. thermal resistance (junction to sink)
th(J-Hs)
be the heat sink temperature.
SINK
.)(max
⋅−=⋅= 125
RWT and fEW
()
HsJthAVSINKPAV
−
Fig. 1
max
1
(ii) Qrr is based on a 150µs integration time i.e.
(iii)
=
FactorK =
150
s
µ
dtiQ
.
rrrr
∫
0
t
1
2
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 4 of 12 May, 2003
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15.0 Reverse Recovery Loss
15.1 Determination by Measurement
From waveforms of recovery current obtained from a high frequency shunt (see Note 1, Page 5) and
reverse voltage present during recovery, an instantaneous reverse recovery loss waveform must be
constructed. Let the area under this waveform be E joules per pulse. A new heat sink temperature can
then be evaluated from the following:
RfkETT
⋅+⋅−=
()
HsJthoriginalSINKnewSINK
)()(
Where k=0.227 (°C/W)/s
E = Area under reverse loss waveform per pulse in joules (W .s.)
f = rated frequency Hz at the original heat sink temperature.
= d.c. thermal resistance (°C/W).
R
th(J-Hs)
The total dissipation is now given by:
(original)(TOT)
15.2 Determination without Measurement
fEWW
⋅+=
−
In circumstances where it is not possible to measure voltage and current conditions, or for design
purposes, the additional losses E in joules may be estimated as follows.
Let E be the value of energy per reverse cycle in joules (curves in Figure 9).
Let f be the operating frequency in Hz
() ( )
Where T
T
SINK (original)
A suitable R-C snubber network is connected across the thyristor to restrict the transient reverse voltage
to a peak value (V
67% of Grade, the reverse loss may be approximated by a pro rata adjustment of the maximum value
obtained from the curves.
NOTE 1- Reverse Recovery Loss by Measurement
This thyristor has a low reverse recovered charge and peak reverse recovery current. W hen measuring
the charge, care must be taken to ensure that:
(a) a.c. coupled devices such as current transformers are not affected by prior passage of high
amplitude forward current.
(b) A suitable, polarised, clipping circuit must be connected to the input of the measuring oscilloscope
to avoid overloading the internal amplifiers by the relatively high amplitude forward current signal
(c) Measurement of reverse recovery waveform should be carried out with an appropriate critically
damped snubber, connected across diode anode to cathode. The formula used for the calculation
of this snubber is shown below:
SINK (new)
is the required maximum heat sink temperature and
is the heat sink temperature given with the frequency ratings.
) of 67% of the maximum grade. If a different grade is being used or Vrm is other than
rm
()
fRETT
⋅⋅−=
thoriginalSINKnewSINK
V
=
2
R
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 5 of 12 May, 2003
V
C
r
di
⋅
dt
S
Where:
⋅= 4
r
C
S
R
Commutating source voltage
=
Snubber capacitance
=
Snubber resistance
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16.0 Computer Modelling Parameters
16.1 Calculating VT using ABCD Coefficients
The on-state characteristic I
(i) the well established V
(ii) a set of constants A, B, C, D, forming the coefficients of the representative equation for V
terms of I
The constants, derived by curve fitting software, are given in this report for hot and cold characteristics
where possible. The resulting values for V
which is limited to that plotted.
16.2 D.C. Thermal Impedance Calculation
given below:
T
vs VT, on page 7 is represented in two ways;
T
and rs tangent used for rating purposes and
0
()
agree with the true device characteristic over a current range,
T
25°C Coefficients 125°C Coefficients
A 2.55370235 A 2.88215471
B 9.28295×10
C 1.2614×10
D -0.0106357 D 0.03365378
-3
-4
=
∑
=
p
B -0.3335929
C 2.1098×10
−
np
1
pt
1
t
τ
p
err
−⋅=
in
T
IDICIBAV ⋅+⋅+⋅+= ln
TTTT
-6
Where p = 1 to n, n is the number of terms in the series.
t = Duration of heating pulse in seconds.
= Thermal resistance at time t.
r
t
r
= Amplitude of pth term.
= Time Constant of rth term.
τ
D.C. Single Side Cooled
Term123456
r
p
τ
p
Term1234
r
p
τ
p
1.42×10
-2
9.25 2.07957 0.23675 0.07935 0.0107 2.89×10
5.60×10
1.593884 0.28583 0.07721 4.84×10
2.34×10
-3
-3
3.39×10
D.C. Double Side Cooled
2.81×10
-3
-3
8.87×10
1.42×10
-4
6.00×10
-3
-4
4.66×10
9.34×10
-4
-3
-4
-3
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 6 of 12 May, 2003
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Curves
Figure 1 - On-state characteristics of Limit device Figure 2 - Transient thermal impedance
10000
0.1
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
SSC 0.022K/W
Tj = 125°C Tj = 25°C
(A)
T
1000
Instantaneous on-state current - I
100
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Instantaneous on-state voltage - V
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
(V)
T
0.01
(K/W)
(th)t
0.001
Transient Thermal Impedance - Z
0.0001
0.00001
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Time (s)
DSC 0.011K/W
Figure 3 - Gate characteristics - Trigger limits Figure 4 - Gate characteristics - Power curves
7
R2475ZC20#-28#
Tj=25°C
6
5
(V)
GT
4
Issue 1
Max VG dc
20
18
16
14
(V)
GT
12
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
Tj=25°C
Max VG dc
`
IGT, V
GT
3
Gate Trigger Voltage - V
2
25°C
-10°C
125°C
1
IGD, V
GD
0
00.20.40.60.81
Gate Trigger Current - I
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 7 of 12 May, 2003
-40°C
Min VG dc
(A)
GT
10
8
Gate Trigger Voltage - V
6
PG 5W dc
4
2
0
0246810
Gate Trigger Current - I
PG Max 30W d c
Min VG dc
(A)
GT
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Figure 5 - Total recovered charge, Q
10000
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
Tj = 125°C
(µC)
rr
Total recovered charge - Q
1000
10 100 1000
Commutation rate - di/dt (A/µs)
rr
4kA
3kA
2kA
1kA
Figure 6 - Recovered charge, Qra (50% chord)
10000
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
Tj = 125°C
(µC)
ra
4kA
3kA
2kA
1kA
Recovered charge (50% chord) - Q
1000
10 100 1000
Commutation rate - di/dt (A/µs)
Figure 7 - Peak reverse recovery current, I
10000.00
(A)
rm
1000.00
Reverse recovery current - I
100.00
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
Tj = 125°C
4kA
3kA
2kA
1kA
10 100 1000
Commutation rate - di/dt (A/µs)
rm
Figure 8 - Maximum recovery time, trr (50% chord)
100
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
Tj = 125°C
(µs)
rr
10
4kA
3kA
2kA
1kA
Reverse recovery time (50% chord) - t
1
10 100 1000
Commutation rate - di/dt (A/µs)
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 8 of 12 May, 2003
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Figure 9 – Reverse recovery energy per pulse Figure 10 - Sine wave energy per pulse
10
(J)
r
Energy per pulse - E
1
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
No Snubber
Tj = 125°C
Vrm = 67%V
RRM
4kA
3kA
2kA
1kA
1.00E+03
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
1.00E+00
Energy per pulse (J)
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
Tj=125°C
8kA
6kA
4kA
2kA
1kA
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
Pulse width (s)
0.1
10 100 1000
Commutation rate - di/dt (A/µs)
1.00E-01
1.00E-02
Figure 11 - Sine wave frequency ratings Figure 12 - Sine wave frequency ratings
1.00E+05
1.00E+04
1.00E+03
Frequency (Hz)
2kA
4kA
6kA
8kA
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
Tk=55°C
100% Duty Cycle
1.00E+05
1.00E+04
1.00E+03
Frequency (Hz)
1kA
2kA
4kA
6kA
8kA
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
100% Duty Cycle
TK=85°C
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
Pulse Width (s)
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 9 of 12 May, 2003
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
Pulse width (s)
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Figure 13 - Square wave frequency ratings Figure 14 - Square wave frequency ratings
1.00E+05
1.00E+04
2kA
4kA
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
di/dt=100A/µs
100% Duty Cycle
TK=55°C
1.00E+05
1.00E+04
1kA
2kA
4kA
R2475ZC20#-28#
di/dt=500A/µs
100% Duty Cycle
Issue 1
TK=55°C
6kA
1.00E+03
Frequency (Hz)
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
8kA
Pulse width (s)
1.00E+03
Frequency (Hz)
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
6kA
8kA
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
Pulse width (s)
Figure 15 - Square wave frequency ratings Figure 16 - Square wave frequency ratings
1.00E+05
1.00E+04
1kA
2kA
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
di/dt=100A/µs
100% Duty Cycle
TK=85°C
1.00E+05
1.00E+04
1kA
2kA
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
di/dt=500A/µs
100% Duty Cycle
TK=85°C
4kA
1.00E+03
Frequency (Hz)
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 10 of 12 May, 2003
6kA
8kA
Pulse width (s)
1.00E+03
Frequency (Hz)
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
4kA
6kA
8kA
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
Pulse width (s)
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Figure 17 - Square wave energy per pulse Figure 18 - Square wave energy per pulse
1.00E+03
1.00E+02
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
di/dt=100A/µs
Tj=125°C
1.00E+03
1.00E+02
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
di/dt=500A/µs
Tj=125°C
1.00E+01
8kA
6kA
1.00E+00
Energy per pulse (J)
1.00E-01
1.00E-02
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
4kA
2kA
1kA
Pulse width (s)
Figure 19 - Maximum surge and I2t Ratings
Gate may temporarily lose control of conduction angle
100000
(A)
TSM
8kA
6kA
1.00E+01
Energy per pulse (J)
1.00E+00
1.00E-01
1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02
Pulse width (s)
RRM
≤
10V
I2t: V
4kA
2kA
1kA
1.00E+08
Total peak half sine surge current - I
10000
I2t: 60% V
I
TSM
I
TSM
Tj (initial) = 125°C
: V
RRM
: 60% V
RRM
≤
10V
RRM
2
2
1.00E+07
R2475ZC20#-28#
Issue 1
1000
1.00E+06
1 35101 510 50100
Duration of surge (ms) Duration of surge (cycles @ 50Hz)
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 11 of 12 May, 2003
s)
t (A
Maximum I
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Outline Drawing & Ordering Information
ORDERING INFORMATION (Please quote 10 digit code as below)
R2475 ZC
Fixed
Type Code
Typical order code: R2475ZC22N – 2200V V
The information contained herein is confidential and is protected by Copyright. The information may not be used or disclosed
except with the written permission of and in the manner permitted by the proprietors Westcode Semiconductors Ltd.
In the interest of product improvement, Westcode reserves the right to change specifications at any ti me without prior notice.
Devices with a suffix code (2-letter, 3-letter or letter/digit/letter combination) added to their generic code are not necessarily
subject to the conditions and limits contained in this report.
Fixed
Outline Code
, 100µs tq, 37.7mm clamp height capsule.
DRM
♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦#
Fixed Voltage Code
V
/100
DRM
20-28
#
##
t
Code
q
N=100µs
© Westcode Semiconductors Ltd.
Data Sheet. Type R2475ZC20# to R2475ZC28# Issue 1 Page 12 of 12 May, 2003
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