Weil-McLain C-1013 User Manual
C-1013
Copyright© 2006
Plus Water Heaters Service Technician’s Troubleshooting Guide
This guide is to be used in conjunction with all GOLD and ULTRA Plus
30/40/60/80 and PLUS 100/110/119/120 Indirect Fired Water Heater
Technical Specification Manuals Maintenance Guide.
Good Trouble Shooting Practices
Before leaving for the job site:
• Check your parts and tools.
- Test equipment and tools that you will need:
Electrical meter that can measure voltage and continuity
Pressure gauge, Watts #276H300 test gauge
Temperature gauge and Stopwatch
Bucket, 1 gallon or larger with volume markings
Thermostat (Aquastat) W-M P/N 633-900-130 for GOLD/Ultra Plus
30/40/60/80
Thermostat (Aquastat) W-M P/N 635-100-010 for PLUS 100/110/119/120
Drywell seal repair kit W-M P/N 635-600-150
• Know the water heater model number.
• Know boiler manufacturer and model number.
• Have the Installation and Maintenance Manual and/or wiring and piping
schematic readily available.
Get the latest revisions from www.Weil-McLain.com
Remember !!
Follow the Troubleshooting Guide step by step, always double checking your
results. Skipping steps or not completing steps can lead to wrong conclusions,
repeated visits to the job site, and unhappy customers.
1
Copyright© 2006
Insufficient Hot Water - page 3
- Undersized water heater
- Boiler system improperly sized
- Check component parts
- Boiler operating temperature
- Location of flow control devices
- Air in system
- Clean boiler system
Excessive Water Temperature - page 6
- Reduce Stacking
- Lowering boiler operating temperature
- Relocating T-stat bulb
- Reverse boiler piping
- Install thermostatic mixing valve
- Recirculation loop
Boiler Relief Valve Lifting or Weeping - page 7
- Undersized boiler expansion tank
- Faulty boiler expansion tank
- Simulate maximum expansion
- Faulty boiler relief valve
- Faulty boiler fill valve
- Inner tank leak
T&P Relief Valve Lifting or Weeping - page 8
- Undersized or missing domestic side expansion tank
- Faulty domestic expansion tank
- Faulty T&P relief valve
- High domestic supply pressure
- Possible water hammering or pressure spikes
- Boiler operating temperature
Water on the Floor - page 9
- From sources other than the water heater
- T&P valve lifting and discharging
- Loose piping connections
Top of Tank / Insulation Wet - page 10
- From sources other than the water heater
- Loose piping connections
- Leakage from the drywell
Water Smells / Taste Bad - page 11
- Water smells like "rotten eggs"
- Milky water
- Rusty discolored water
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
INSUFFICIENT
HOT WATER
EXCESSIVE DOMESTIC
WATER TEMPERATURE
BOILER RELIEF
VALVE LIFTING
OR WEEPING
TEMPERATURE/
PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE LIFTING
OR
WEEPING
WATER FOUND ON
THE FLOOR NEAR
THE TANK
TOP OF TANK/
INSULATION WET
WATER QUALITY
PROBLEMS
2
Is the water heater undersized for the application? (Non-Warranty)
- There are many methods of sizing various applications, i.e. ASHRAE sizing tables, or
ASPE domestic water heating design manual, re-confirm the water demand required for
the application.
- Re-confirm the flow rates of the fixtures. Was the tank sized for shower heads at 2.0 gpm,
when the actual heads are 5.0 gpm? Use a bucket and a stopwatch to determine fixture
flow rates.
- Evaluate the hot water usage pattern for a day. Is the peak demand unusually high for the
application?
- Has the demand for domestic hot water changed since the system was installed? A
bathroom remodeling project with a newly installed whirlpool tub will drastically change
the domestic water demand.
Is the boiler system properly sized? (Non-Warranty)
- Is the boiler providing the required output of BTU’s to meet the domestic water load?
Temp Rise ºF = Desired Temp.ºF - Incoming Temp.ºF
8.33 = Density of Water lbs/gal. x 1 Btu/lbs ºF
Example: A single family home with a 3.0 gpm shower fixture and a 150,000 Btu/hr output
boiler capacity. Is the boiler capacity adequate to deliver 115ºF water for an extended period?
The boiler capacity is capable of delivering 4.6 gpm continuously which is
adequate for this application.
Action Item:
- Measure the BTU input to the boiler by clocking the gas meter or finding the oil flow rate
based on nozzle size and pump pressure.
- Does the hot water system need to be wired for domestic priority? For systems in which
either the storage or BTU’s available are marginal, it is recommended to wire the domestic
water heater in a priority manner.
- Is the boiler piping to the water heater properly sized to allow the required flow rate for
maximum BTU transfer? The temperature differential of the boiler supply and return
water should be 20ºF to 30ºF.
Domestic Demand gph=
Blr Output BTU’s
(Temp. Rise F x 8.33)
Domestic Demand gph=
150,000 Btu/hr
[(115 F-50 F) x 8.33]
= 277 gph
3
- Is the circulator between the boiler and the water heater properly sized to provide adequate
flow for maximum BTU transfer?
Check component parts
- Is the domestic water thermostat functioning properly? With a electrical voltmeter check
for continuity between terminals C and 1 on the snap-set connection.
Action Item:
1. Disconnect the snap-set connector on the water heater.
2. Turn the thermostat knob to the highest setting - clockwise to initiate a call for heat.
3. Check for continuity between terminals C and 1 (end connectors on the snap-set). On a
call for heat, these contacts should be in the close position.
4. Continue checking for continuity while turning the thermostat knob to the lowest setting
- counter clockwise to satisfy the call for heat. The contacts should open, breaking the
continuity.
5. If any of these steps fail (1-4 above), replace the thermostat. (Warranty)
For 30/40/60/80 - P/N 633-900-130 for 100/110/119/120 - P/N 635-100-010.
6. Reconnect the snap-set.
- Is the thermostat setting too low? If the thermostat setting is too low, the boiler may not
have the opportunity to deliver the maximum BTU’s required to completely heat the
entire volume of water stored in the tank.
- During a call for heat by the water heater, does the boiler circulator begin pumping, does
the zone valve open, does the boiler fire? Check every component in the system to ensure
they are properly functioning.
- Check the thermostat sensing bulb size and fit into the drywell. Some older units have a
sensing bulb that is thinner and fits loose inside the drywell. The newer thermostats have a
larger bulb which fits tighter in the drywell allowing better heat transfer for more accurate
water temperature sensing.
Action Item:
- If the sensing bulb does not slide into the drywell; remove burrs from top 1 1/2” inside the
drywell with a 3/8” drill.
PIPE SIZE FLOW RATE BTU'S TRANSFER
3/4" 3 to 7 gpm 50 to 100 MBH
1" 4 to 11 gpm 100 to 180 MBH
1 1/4" 6 to 16 gpm 160 to 300 MBH
1 1/2" 9 to 23 gpm 200 to 450 MBH
2" 15 to 40 gpm 300 to 650 MBH
4
- What is the location of the thermostat bulb? A bulb inserted completely at the bottom of
the drywell will initiate a quicker response for a call for heat. This is typically the position
of the bulb required for applications in which there are large draws of domestic water.
- Remove and examine the dip tube located in the cold water inlet. Replace if damaged. A
broken or melted dip tube will cause the cold water to discharge across the top of the tank,
thus short cycling the water heater.
Check the operating temperature of the boiler (Non-Warranty)
- If possible increase the boiler operating temperature to 200ºF.
- Maintain a minimal temperature in the boiler during non-heating seasons. A boiler
typically has a higher standby loss than the indirect water heater. After a long standby
period, the colder boiler may absorb the stored energy within the water heater during the
initial call for heat.
Check location of flow control devices (Non-Warranty)
- Lab tests have shown that during long standby periods the boiler piping can act as a
thermal siphon and draw stored heat from the domestic water. Locate flow control devices
(zone valve, spring check valves...) or heat trap loops in the boiler piping close to the water
heater. Insulate all boiler piping to and from the water heater.
Check for air in the system (Non-Warranty)
- An air bound water heater or boiler will not circulate system water properly, resulting in a
lack of heat transfer.
Clean the boiler system (Non-Warranty)
- A dirty boiler system can cause deposits to form on the outer wall of the inner tank, which
insulates the tank, affecting the heat transfer. Clean the boiler system per the boiler’s
manufacturer’s instructions.
Action Item:
- Install a strainer in the boiler piping on older installations or for systems prone to
becoming dirty.
5
Excessive water temperature is usually the result of stacking within the water
heater. Stacking is the occurrence of various water temperatures layering within
the water heater with the hottest water in the uppermost layer. This layering or
stacking effect typically occurs during small draws of hot water (typically less
than 25% of the storage capacity) which are long enough to create a call for heat
on the thermostat, but are short enough not to deplete the stored energy within
the tank. Excessive stacking can occur when frequent short to moderate draws
are taken in quick succession. During this type of situation, the temperature of
the domestic water can approach the temperature of the boiler water.
REMEMBER: All water heaters (direct and indirect) will stack.
Reducing stacking within the tank (Non-Warranty)
- Reduce the boiler operating temperature to 160ºF - 170ºF. This will limit the maximum
domestic outlet water temperature during high stacking water usage.
- Raise the thermostat sensing bulb higher in the drywell. This will reduce the frequency of
thermostat calls for heat during small draws of hot water. However, it will reduce the
quantity of available hot water during a deep draw by delaying the call for heat to the
boiler.
- Reverse the boiler side piping. The older installations have the boiler supply at the top of
the water heater and return at the bottom. Reversing the piping, supply at the bottom and
return at the top will:
a) Result in lower tank stacking by having the hottest boiler water closer to the cooler
incoming domestic water.
b) Reduce the effect of “thermal overshoot” after the thermostat call for heat has been
satisfied.
c) Provide a more uniform hot water delivery temperature during moderate to deep
draws (25% to 100% of the tank’s storage capacity). Reversing the boiler piping will
not affect the performance of the water heater.
Install thermostatic mixing valve
- Installation of a thermostatic mixing valve will provide an uniform delivery temperature
with minimal regard to water usage.
Recirculation Loop
- Installation of a properly sized recirculation loop not only provides prompt delivery of hot
water, but it provides circulation and mixing of the water within the tank.
6
Is the expansion tank on the boiler side properly sized?
- The additional quantity of boiler water contained in the outer tank must be considered
when sizing the boiler side expansion tank.
- Insufficient allowance for expansion on the boiler side can cause the boiler pressure relief
valve to lift.
Is the expansion tank defective, waterlogged or improperly charged?
(Non-Warranty)
- Check for failed gaskets or bladders, or a faulty Schraeder valve.
- Use a tire gauge to check the charged pressure of the tank.
Action Item:
- Turn the boiler limit up to a higher setting and let the system run at a higher temperature.
This will simulate maximum expansion in the boiler system.
- If the boiler relief valve lifts and/or there is a significant increase in the boiler system
pressure, the expansion tank is flooded or undersized.
Is the boiler pressure relief valve functioning properly? (Non-Warranty)
- Dirt and water deposits can accumulate under the valve seat.
Check the boiler automatic fill valve for defects. (Non-Warranty)
- Is the valve filling to the correct pressure?
Check for possible ‘inner tank leak’ *reason code 054
- If possible, isolate the Plus tank from the boiler system for an extended period of time.
Observe the boiler system pressure during that time.
* This may be a manufacturing defect. Please initiate a warranty claim with Weil-McLain
noting the reason code listed.
Weil-McLain Water Heater Model Boiler Side Capacity Gal.
GOLD Plus 30 5
GOLD/Ultra Plus 40 6
GOLD/Ultra Plus 60 8
GOLD/Ultra Plus 80 8
Comm. PLUS 100 Series 2/Series 3 8/14
Comm. PLUS 110 25
Comm. PLUS 119/120 43
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