Watlow EHG CL User Manual

Page 1

Series EHG CL

Integrated Temperature Controller

User’s Guide

The Series EHG CL is a powerful instrument that integrates a temperature process controller, high-low temperature alert, and power switching with a safety high limit that meets UL® 1998 and CE 60730 requirements. The optional display and communications modules can be easily upgraded in the field to provide a digital display, adjustable control parameters, RS-485 MODBUS communications and other interface features. The compact design, inherent reliability and integrated safety limit functions make this control a tremendous value. The control is designed for easy integration with Watlow heaters providing additional value to simplify the engineering and component count on new equipment. CE compliance and UL recognition will reduce time and costs necessary for global agency testing and validation for OEMs.

Features

Standard Base Module

• Two, type K thermocouple inputs: process temperature controller and safety limit

• Process temperature output: 10 amp “NO ARC” relay

• Safety limit: 10 amp relay

• On-off and PID temperature control algorithm: Upgraded via communications to PID algorithm (minimum cycle time 5 seconds)

0600-0091-0000 Rev. A

September 2012

Integrated Temperature Control

• Standard Molex Connectors

• Dimensions

Configuration Width Depth Height

Basic unit 88.8 mm

Control with mounting bracket

Control with communicatons-display module & mounting bracket

Optional Communications Module

• Field adjustable set point

• Access to PID parameters

• Modbus RTU Communications

• RS-485

• 3-character, 7-segment LED display

• User Interface Software The Series EHG CL User’s Guide is copyrighted by

Patent Pending

1241 Bundy Boulevard

Phone: (507) 454-5300; Fax: (507) 452-4507

http://www.watlow.com

(3.496 in)

88.8 mm (3.496 in)

Watlow Winona

Winona, MN 55987

40.2 mm (1.582 in)

48.4 mm (1.907 in)

63.6 mm (2.503)

55.8 mm (2.196 in)

Page 2

Navigating the Series EHG CL with the Front Panel

The three-character display normally shows the process temperature. To view and change the existing Set Point value follow the steps below:

1. Press the Mode Key once. The right decimal point

will illuminate when viewing the Set Point value.

2. Press the Up-Arrow or Down-Arrow Key to change

the Set Point.

3. Press the Mode Key again to return to the process

temperature display.

The display will automatically return to showing the process temperature after three seconds.

To view or change parameter values follow the steps below:

1. Hold down both the Up-Arrow and Down-Arrow Keys

This will display the Set Point High Limit prompt.

2. Press the Mode Key to view the other parameter

3. Press the Up-Arrow or Down-Arrow Key once to view

4. Press the Up-Arrow or Down-Arrow Key to increase

5. Press the Mode Key to again display the prompt and

6. Press the Mode Key at the Display Build Number

for five seconds.

prompts.

a parameter’s value.

or decrease that value.

again to display the next prompt.

prompt to return to the process value display.

Display Parameter Name & Description Range Default

Process Value Controller

Numeric

No Display

[SLA]

[Cnt]

Note:

All values above 999 will be rounded off to fit in the three-character display. Full values can be

read with other interfaces.

Note:

The EHG CL does not support Modbus function code 16 (0x10) Write Multiple Registers. Parameter values must be written individually with function code 6 (0x06) Write Single Registers.

View the present Process Value.

Closed Loop Set Point

Set the set point that the controller will automatically control to.

Heat Output Power

Read (via Modbus communications) the present heat output power level.

Alert Status

Read (via Modbus communications) the present alert status.

Process Comparison Value

Set or read (via Modbus communications) the Process Comparison Value.

Limit Status

Read (via Modbus communications) the present condition of the limit.

Controller Sensor Status

Read (via Modbus communications) the present status of the controller sensor.

Limit Sensor Value

View the present value of the limit sensor.

Limit High Set Point

Set the high process value that will trigger the limit.

Control Mode Select

Select a control method.

-18 to 537°C (0 to 999°F) 20°C (68°F)

0°C (32°F) to SLA setting 150°C (302°F)

0 to 100% 0

Alert Low (7) Alert High (8) Alert None (6)

5 to 50°C (9 to 90°F) 20°C (68°F)

Bit 5 (0x0020) 0 = Not tripped (process value below

limit high set point)

1 = Tripped (process value exceeds

limit high set point)

Bit 2 (0x0004) 0 = Good 1 = Failure

-18 to 537°C (0 to 999°F) 20°C (68°F)

0 to 438°C (32 to 820°F) 200°C (392°F)

[onF]

On-Off (2)

[PId]

PID (3)

Alert None

on-off

Modbus Relative Address

Data Type

& Read/

Write

unsigned integer

RWE

unsigned integer

RWE

unsigned integer

RWE

unsigned integer

RWE

R: Read W: Write E: EEPROM

Watlow Controls 2 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 3

Display Parameter Name & Description Range Default

[HyS]

[`Pb]

[ Pb]

[Int]

[dEu]

[dEv]

[`Ct]

[ Ct]

[Abt]

[Adr]

[bAU]

[tU`]

[tU ]

[rpp]

[rPP]

[bru]

[brv]

[bPu]

[bPv]

[bbu]

[dru]

[drv]

[dPu]

[dPv]

[dbu]

[dbv]

Note:

All values above 999 will be rounded off to fit in the three-character display. Full values can be

read with other interfaces.

Note:

The EHG CL does not support Modbus function code 16 (0x10) Write Multiple Registers. Parameter values must be written individually with function code 6 (0x06) Write Single Registers.

On-Off Hysteresis

Set the how far below the set point the temperature can drop before the heater turns on.

Proportional Band

Set the proportional band in temperature units.

Integral

Set the integral value in minutes per repeat.

Derivative

Set the derivative value in minutes.

Cycle Time

Set the cycle time in seconds.

Ambient Temperature

View the ambient temperature.

Modbus Device Address

View and or change the present Modbus address.

Modbus Baud Rate

Select the communication speed.

Temperature Units

Select the temperature scale.

Restore Programmed Parameters

Restore factory default settings.

Base Release Version

View the controller’s base release version.

Base Prototype Version

View the controller’s base prototype version.

Base Build Version

View the controller’s base build number.

Display Release Version

View the interface’s release version.

Display Prototype Version

View the interface’s prototype version.

Display Build Version

View the interface’s build number.

3 to 28°C (5 to 50°F) 3°C (6°F)

0 to 68°C (0 to 122°F) 0°C or 0°F

0 to 999 0

5 to 60 10

0 to 106°C (0 to 190°F) 43°C (77°F)

1 to 247 1

[`96]

9,600 (15)

[192]

19,200 (16)

[384]

38,400 (17)

[``F]

°F (4)

[``C]

°C (5)

[yes] Yes

9,600

°C

[`no] No

0 to 9999

- - - - 48

0 to 9999

- - - - 49

0 to 9999

- - - - 50

0 to 9999

- - - - 11

0 to 9999

- - - - 12

0 to 9999

- - - - 13

Modbus Relative Address

- - - - - - - -

Data Type

& Read/

unsigned integer

RWE

signed integer

RWE

signed integer

RWE

signed integer

RWE

unsigned integer

RWE

unsigned integer

RWE

unsigned integer

RWE

unsigned integer

RWE

unsigned integer

R: Read W: Write E: EEPROM

Write

Watlow Controls 3 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 4

Keys and Indicator Lights

Optional Communications

Connectors

Up-Arrow Key

Increases the

displayed value.

Optional Communications

Connectors

Mode Key

Toggles the display between

the set point and process

temperature. Enters edited

values and advances

to the next prompt.

Down-Arrow Key

Decreases the

displayed value.

Alarm (flashing red) Indicates that the process temperature is higher than the Limit High Set Point. Alert (solid red) Indicates that the process temperature is higher than the Closed Loop Set Point plus the

High Temperature Alert Value.

In Range (solid yellow) Indicates that the process temperature is in the normal operating range (see figure at right). Output (green) Indicates that the output is on.

Flashing Alert/Alarm (red) and In Range (yellow)

If they are flashing together, that indicates an Ambient Alarm (controller temperature higher than 85°C).

If they are flashing alternately, that indicates a Health Check Error.

Alert/Alarm

In Range

Output

Alert/Alarm

In Range

Output

Alert/Alarm

In Range

Output

Alert/Alarm

In Range

Output

Alert/Alarm

In Range

Output

Alert/Alarm

In Range

Output

Alert/Alarm

In Range

Output



flashing

alternate flashing

Control

Temperature

Relay

Alert Signal

off off

off on

on on

off off Ambient Alarm [Abt] 85°C

off off Health Check Error

Limit High Set Point [SLA]

Normal Operating Range

Closed Loop Set Point

Alarm Hysteresis

Temperature

On-Off Hysteresis [HyS]

Alarm Hysteresis

Closed Loop Set Point

EHG CL Error Codes

Display Description Possible Cause Corrective Action

Flashing

888

Flashing

888

[Er3]

[Er4]

[Er5]

[Er6]

[ER9]

Limit error Sensor has exceeded SLA value or

open thermocouple

Control error Sensor has exceeded SLA value or

open thermocouple

Limit Sensor Error Limit sensor reading out of range (<

-13 or > 640)

Control Sensor Error Control sensor reading out of range

(<-13 or > 640)

Limit Ambient Error Temperature at limit sensor cold junc-

tion (> 185 degrees)

Control Ambient Error Temperature at control cold junction

(> 185 degrees)

HMI Communications Fault

Loss of communication between base and display communications module. See Also E20.

• Set SLA to correct Safety Limit Value

• Check wiring of sensor

• Check sensor conﬁ guration

• Set SLA to correct Safety Limit Value

• Check wiring of sensor

• Check sensor conﬁ guration

• Check wiring of sensor

• Check sensor conﬁ guration

• Check wiring of sensor

• Check sensor conﬁ guration

• Check to be certain the EHG CL is not in an ambient condition greater than 185 degrees C

• Check connection between EHG CL and display/communications module

Watlow Controls 4 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 5

EHG CL Error Codes (cont.)

Display Description Possible Cause Corrective Action

[Ahi]

[Alo]

[E91]

[E10]

[E11]

[E12]

[E13]

[E15]

[E16]

[E17]

[E20]

Alarm High Process temp exceeds set point by

value greater than alarm high setting

Alarm Low Process temp below set point by value

greater than alarm low setting

Communications Queue Full

EEPROM Error EEPROM memory space fails CRC

CRC Error Flash memory space fails CRC check

CPU Clock Error Clock frequency is < 5 MHz or > 13.1

Stack Overﬂ ow Stack has overﬂ owed • Contact Technical Support at

AI Function Error Analog reference is < 1.82 or > 2.06

Process Comparison Error

Data Store Error Data store functions are not set up • Check setting of Process Com-

Base control ﬁ rmware ID not supported

Communications buffer overﬂ ow • Contact Technical Support at

check (checksum for parameter space)

(checksum for program space)

MHz

volts

Limit and control sensor readings differ by value greater than process comparison value

Base control ﬁ rmware is not compatible with Display Module ﬁ rmware

• Set HTA value to correct high temperature alert value

• Set LTA value to correct Low temperature alert value

1-507-494-5656

• Contact Technical Support at 1-507-494-5656

1-507-494-5656

• Contact Technical Support at 1-507-494-5656

• Check setting of Proces Comparison Value

• Set Process Comparison Value to correct value

• Check wiring of sensors

parison Value

• Check wiring of sensors

• Check ﬁ rmware compatibility between Base Control and Display Module. Revision 20.0

and greater for Base Control and Display Module are compatible for EHG2-AAAA-0000.

Watlow Controls 5 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 6

Proportional Control

Some processes need to maintain a temperature or process value closer to the set point than on-off control can provide. Proportional control provides closer control by adjusting the output when the temperature or process value is within a proportional band. When the value is in the band, the controller adjusts the output based on how close the process value is to the set point.

The closer the process value is to the set point, the lower the output power. This is similar to backing off on the gas pedal of a car as you approach a stop sign. It keeps the temperature or process value from swinging as widely as it would with simple on-off control. However, when the system settles down, the temperature or process value tends to “droop” short of the set point.

With proportional control the output power level equals (set point minus process value) divided by the proportional band value.

Adjust the proportional band with Proportional [`Pb].

Set Point

Temperature

Overshoot

Proportional Band

Droop

Reduced Overshoot

Proportional Band

Proportional Band x 2

Time

PID Control

Temperature

Set Point

Heating Slows

On-Off Control

On-off control switches the output either full on or full off, depending on the input, set point and hysteresis values. The hysteresis value indicates the amount the process value must deviate from the set point to turn on the output. Increasing the value decreases the number of times the output will cycle. Decreasing hysteresis improves controllability. With hysteresis set to the lowest value of 3°C or 5°F, the process value would stay closer to the set point, but the output would switch on and off more frequently, and may result in the output “ chattering.” Both the control mode ([Cnt] prompt) and hysteresis ([Hys] prompt) values can be changed either using the front panel or via Modbus communications.

The heating action switches off when the process

temperature rises above the set point.

Proportional Control

Time

Proportional plus Integral (PI) Control

The droop caused by proportional control can be corrected by adding integral control. When the system settles down, the integral value is tuned to bring the temperature or process value closer to the set point. Integral determines the speed of the correction, but this may increase the overshoot at startup or when the set point is changed. Too much integral action will make the system unstable. Integral is cleared when the process value is outside of the proportional band.

Integral [Int] is measured in minutes per repeat. A low integral value causes a fast integrating action.

Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) Control

Use derivative control to minimize the overshoot in a PI-controlled system. Derivative [dEu] adjusts the output based on the rate of change in the temperature or process value. Too much derivative will make the system sluggish.

Set Point

Temperature

Process Temperature

The heating action switches on when the process temperature

The heating action

switches on at startup.

drops below the set point minus the hysteresis.

Time

On/Off System Cycles

Mounting the Series EHG CL

88.8 mm

(3.496 in)

Base Controlller

front

Hysteresis

48.4 mm

(1.907 in)

55.8 mm

(2.196 in)

Base Controller

side

Watlow Controls 6 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 7

(

81.5 mm

(3.210 in)

Interface

side

Wiring the Series EHG CL Power, Thermocouple and Heater Connections

View looking at the top of the controller.

Interface

front

88.8 mm

(3.496 in)

Base Controller with Interface

front

Panel Mount Dimensions

45.72 mm (1.800 in)

48.4 mm

(1.905 in)

55.8 mm

(2.196 in)

24.7 mm

(0.974 in)

63.6 mm

(2.503 in)

Base Controller with

Interface side

(black)

black)

(white)

white)

Power and relay connectors

Control Power Cord Coiled, Terminated Long

Part Number: 4800-0022

3.5” +/- 0.5”

6.0” +/-0.5” relaxed length >= 18” extended length

Control Power Cord Coiled, Terminated Short

Part Number: 4800-0021

Control Power Cord Coiled, Jumpered Long

Control Power Cord Coiled, Jumpered Short

Part Number: 4800-0012

12.0” +/- 1” Relaxed Length >= 36” Extended Length

Part Number: 4800-0011

3.5” +/- 0.5”

drill and tap for #8-32

Mounting Bracket

The Series EHG CL mounting bracket lets

you mount the controller in any of four angles. After disconnecting both wiring connectors, gently rotate the controller counterclockwise until it unlocks from the mounting bracket. Re-orient the controller on the mounting bracket and gently rotate it clockwise until it locks.

3.5” +/- 0.5”

Relaxed Length

7.0” +/- 1” Relaxed Length

With the control facing you this connector is on the right side.

Heater

Switched

(white)

(black)

– (red)

+ (yellow)

Thermocouple

Limit

– (red)

Process Thermocouple

+ (yellow)

Thermocouple and heater connector

3.5” +/- 0.5”

Watlow Controls 7 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 8

Wiring the Series EHG CL Communications Ports

The graphic below reflects the control being held upright with the display facing the holder. As shown, there are two jacks on the top of the communications module (RJ45 like, with 4 pins on each) which can accommodate either a four or six 6 pin modular plug. Communications from a PC to any EHG CL controller on the network can be established by connecting it to either of the two available jacks. The other jack can then be connected to other EHG CL controllers on the network (32 maximum).

Looking at either of the jacks as shown in the graphic pin identification is from left to right.

- Left most pin, connects to ground terminal of converter

- Second pin from left, no connection

- Third pin from left, connects to converter A or T- / R-

- Right most pin connects to converter B or T+ / R+

Specifications

Power

• Isolated Universal Power Supply: 85 to 264VÅ (ac)

50/60Hz

• Up to 2400 W with 10A switching capability

NO-ARC Relay

• 10A switching

• 4.5 million cycles

Environmental

• Ambient operating temperature range 0 to 70 °C (32 to 158 °F)

Agency Approvals

• UL® 1998/C-UL

• CE 60730

• SEMI-S2

Ordering Information

Series EHG CL Integrated Temperature Controller

- EHG2-AAAA-_ _ _ _ 0 to 537°C (0 to 999°F)

- Display Module - EHG2-CLOO-COMS

- Communications Module - EHG2-CLOO-COMS

- Display with Communications Module - EHG2-CLOO-DSCM

Additional Power Cables

- 4800-0012: jumpered long cable

- 4800-0022: terminated long cable

- 4800-0011: jumpered short cable

- 4800-0021: terminated short cable

456

Gnd terminal of converter

No connection

A or T- / R-

B or T+ / R+

The Series EHG CL is warranted to be free of defects in material and workmanship for 24 months after delivery to the first purchaser for use, providing that the units have not been misapplied. Since Watlow has no control over their use, and sometimes misuse, we cannot guarantee against failure. Watlow’s obligations hereunder, at Watlow’s option, are limited to replacement, repair or refund of purchase price, and parts which upon examination prove to be defective within the warranty period specified. This warranty does not apply to damage resulting from transportation, alteration, misuse or abuse.

WARNING:

To avoid damage to property and equipment, and/or injury or loss of life, use National Electric Code (NEC) standard wiring practices to install and operate the Series EHG CL. Failure to do so could result in such damage, and/or injury or death.

Warranty

Watlow Controls 8 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 9

Declaration of Conformity

Series EHG® CL

WATLOW an ISO 9001 approved facility since 1996.

1241 Bundy Blvd. Winona, MN 55987 USA

Declares that the following product: Designation:

Model Numbers: EHG2-AAAA- additional number or letters. Classification: Electronic Thermostat with Integrated Temperature Limiter Protective Control,

Rated Supply Source: 100 to 240 V~ (ac), 50 or 60 Hz IP Code IP20 Rated Power: 5 VA Unit power, 10 A Resistive Heater Load

Meets the essential requirements of the following European Union Directives by using the relevant standards show below to indicate compliance.

Series EHG

Control Relay = 2CK, Limit Relay = 2BJ Installation Category II, Pollution degree 2, Software Class B

2004/108/EC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

EN 60730-1 EN 60730-2-9

EN 61000-4-2 2008 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity EN 61000-4-3 2010 Radiated Field Immunity EN 61000-4-4 2011 Electrical Fast-Transient / Burst Immunity EN 61000-4-5 2006 Surge Immunity EN 61000-4-6 2008 Conducted Immunity EN 61000-4-8 2009 Power frequency magnetic field immunity EN 61000-4-11 2004 Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations

EN 61000-4-28 2009 Variation of power frequency immunity – Level 2 EN 61000-3-2 2006 Harmonic Current Emissions EN 61000-3-3 2005 Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker SEMI F47 2000 Specification for Semiconductor Processing Equipment Voltage

EN 61010-1 2010 Edition 3 Safety Requirements of electrical equipment for measure-

EN 60730-1 EN 60730-2-9 UL 1998 2008 ED.2 Software in programmable components.

2010 2010

2010 2011

Edition 4 Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use

Edition 4 Edition 3.1

Compliant with 2002/95/EC RoHS Directive

– Temperature Sensing Controls, Class B Emissions

Immunity

Sag Immunity – Figure R1-1

2006/95/EC Low-Voltage Directive

ment, control and laboratory use. Part 1: General requirements Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Temperature Sensing Controls

Per 2002/96/EC WEEE Directive

Joe M. Millanes Winona, Minnesota, USA

Name of Authorized Representative Place of Issue

Directory of Operations Sept. 2012

Title of Authorized Representative Date of Issue

Signature of Authorized Representative

Please Recycle Properly

Watlow Controls 9 EHG CL User’s Guide

Page 10

How to Reach Us

TISFFAACTCTIIOONN

Corporate Headquarters

Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company 12001 Lackland Road St. Louis, MO 63146 Sales: 1-800-WATLOW2 Manufacturing Support: 1-800-4WATLOW Email: [email protected] Website: From outside the USA and Canada: Tel: +1 (314) 878-4600

Fax: +1 (314) 878-6814

Latin America

Watlow de México S.A. de C.V. Av. Fundición No. 5 Col. Parques Industriales Querétaro, Qro. CP-76130 Mexico Tel: +52 442 217-6235 Fax: +52 442 217-6403

www.watlow.com

Europe

Watlow France Tour d'Asnières. 4 Avenue Laurent Cély 92600 Asnières sur Seine France Tél: + 33 (0)1 41 32 79 70 Télécopie: + 33(0)1 47 33 36 57 Email: [email protected] Website:

Watlow GmbH Postfach 11 65, Lauchwasenstr. 1 D-76709 Kronau Germany Tel: +49 (0) 7253 9400-0 Fax: +49 (0) 7253 9400-900 Email: [email protected] Website: www.watlow.de

Watlow Italy S.r.l. Viale Italia 52/54 20094 Corsico MI Italy Tel: +39 024588841 Fax: +39 0245869954 Email: [email protected] Website:

www.watlow.fr

www.watlow.it

Watlow Ibérica, S.L.U. C/Marte 12, Posterior, Local 9 E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz Madrid - Spain T. +34 91 675 12 92 F. +34 91 648 73 80 Email: [email protected] Website: www.watlow.es

Watlow UK Ltd. Linby Industrial Estate Linby, Nottingham, NG15 8AA United Kingdom Telephone: (0) 115 964 0777 Fax: (0) 115 964 0071 Email: [email protected] Website: From outside The United Kingdom: Tel: +44 115 964 0777 Fax: +44 115 964 0071

www.watlow.co.uk

Asia and Paciﬁ c

Watlow Singapore Pte Ltd. 16 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #06-03/04, Singapore 139965 Tel: +65 6773 9488 Fax: +65 6778 0323 Email: [email protected] Website: www.watlow.com.sg

Watlow Australia Pty., Ltd. 4/57 Sharps Road Tullamarine, VIC 3043 Australia Tel: +61 3 9335 6449 Fax: +61 3 9330 3566 Website: www.watlow.com

Watlow Electric Manufacturing (Shanghai) Company 1118 Fangyuan Road, Anting Industrial Park, Jiading, Shanghai, PRC 201203 People’s Republic of China Tel: +86 21 39509510 Fax: +86 21 5080-0906 Email: [email protected] Website: www.watlow.cn

ワトロー・ジャパン株式会社〒101-0047 東京都千代田区内神田1-14-4

四国ビル別館9階

Tel: 03-3518-6630 Fax: 03-3518-6632

Email: [email protected] Website: www.watlow.co.jp

Watlow Japan Ltd. 1-14-4 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 101-0047 Japan Tel: +81-3-3518-6630 Fax: +81-3-3518-6632 Email: [email protected] Website: www.watlow.co.jp

Watlow Korea Co., Ltd. #1406, E&C Dream Tower, 46, Yangpyeongdong-3ga Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-103 Republic of Korea Tel: +82 (2) 2628-5770 Fax: +82 (2) 2628-5771 Website: www.watlow.co.kr

Watlow Malaysia Sdn Bhd No. 14-3 Jalan 2/114 Kuchai Business Centre Jalan Kuchai Lama 58200 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: +60 3 7980 7741 Fax: +60 3 7980 7739

瓦特龍電機股份有限公司 80143 高雄市前金區七賢二路189號 10樓之一

電話: 07-2885168 傳真: 07-2885568

Watlow Electric Taiwan Corporation 10F-1 No.189 Chi-Shen 2nd Road Kaohsiung 80143 Taiwan

Tel: +886-7-2885168 Fax: +886-7-2885568

Your Authorized Watlow Distributor

TOT AL

CUCUSSTTOOMMER

SSAATIS

3 Y ear Warranty

Watlow Controls 10 EHG CL User’s Guide