Wang 700A, 700B Reference Manual

I

I

•

© WANG

LABORATORIES,

INC., 1970

Tewksbury, Mass.

01876

Telephone (617)

851-7all

TWX

110

343-6769

REFEREN~E

M:ANUAL

,

,

t,

FOREWORD

This reference manual is designed to provide the user with

a basic understanding and practical guidance

in

the

use

of

Wang's 700A/B Electronic Calculators.

The

aim has been to assist

the

user

by

presenting

the

most

useful technique, concept and

method

for utilizing

the

700

to

its best advantage.

For

further information,

contact

your

local sales office or

Wang Laboratories, Inc., 836

North

Street, Tewksbury,

Massachusetts 01876.

SECTION

I -

INTRODUCTION

SECTIONII-

EXPLANATIONOFKEYS

SECTION

III -

PROGRAMMING

SECTIONIV-

PROGRAM

CONCEPTS

SECTIONV-DECISION

COMMANDS

SECTIONVI-

PROGRAMMING

TECHNIUUES

USINGATAPE

CASSETTE

SECTION

VII-ADDITIONAL

COMMANDS

NOT

FOUNDONTHE

700

KEYBOARD

SECTION

VIII-TRIGONOMETRIC

PACKAGE

PROGRAM,

STATISTICAL

PACKAGE

PROGRAM

SECTIONIX-

SAMPLE

PROGRAMS

SECTIONX-WARRANTY,

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

TableofContents

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

SECTION

I -

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

. . . . . .

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1-1

• • • •

SECTIONII-

EXPLANATION

OF

KEYS

ModesofOperation.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Run Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

.

Learn

Mode'.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.'

Learn-Print

Mode.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List-Program

Mode

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Turning

the

700

ON.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-Programmable

Key

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prim

e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Program

Counter

and

Set

PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S

te

p.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

. . . . . . .

Verify

Program

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Record

Program

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The

Display.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

X-

Register

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

En

tering

aNum

ber

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Set

Exp

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

.

Y-Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

.

Program-Error

Indicator

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data

Storage

Registers.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Direct

Addressing

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Toggle

Switches

and

Special

Function

Keys

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S

tore

Direct.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recall

Direct

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exchange

Direct

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Add,

Subtract,

Multiply,

and

Divide

Direct.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indirect

Addressing.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .

Indirect

Keys

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AdvantagesofIndirect

Addressing

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recall

Residue.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Addition,

Subtraction,

Multiplication.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

.

Write

Commands.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Group

I -

Group

2.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION

III -

PROGRAMMING

Coding.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GeneratingaCode

Using

Special

Function

Keys

and

Toggle

Switches

Core

Memory

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NumberofRegisters

Occupied

By a

Program

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTIONIV-

PROGRAM

CONCEPTS

Programming

Concepts

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mark

and

Search

Commands

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Su

brou

tine

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Double-Level

Subroutines

(oraSubroutine

withinaSubroutine)

. . . . . .

v

2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-2

2-2

2-2

2-3

2-3

2-4

2-4

2-4

2-5

2-5

2-5

2-6

2-8

2-9

2-9

2-9

2-12

2-12

2-13

2-13

2-14
2-14
2-16
2-16
2-17

2-18

2-20
2-21

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-5

4-1

4-2

4-5

4-7

TableofContents

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS (Continued)

SECTION

V - DECISION

COMMANDS

DECISIONS.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-1

S

kipifY = X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Skip

if

Y > X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-

2

SkipifY<X

5-3

Skip

if

Error

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

PROGRAMMING

TECHNIQUES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Looping

Using a

Counter.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Looping

WithoutaCounter.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Scanning a

Table.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Go

.. ..... .. .. ..... .. ..

. . . . . . .

.. .....

. .

..

. . . 5-9

SECTIONVI-

PROGRAMMING

TECHNIQUES USING A TAPE CASSETTE

Tape

Cassette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1

Tape

Drive

Operation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Machine-Error

Indicator

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

ProtectionofProgramonTape

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

What

is

a Program Block? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

End

Program

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

HowtoLearn

a Program

Into

Core

From

the

Keyboard.

. . . . . . . . . 6-5

HowtoTransfer

a Program

From

CoretoTape

. . . . . . . . . .

.,

6-6

HowtoLoad

a Program

From

Tape

into

Core.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Bypassing

Program

Blocks . . .

...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Procedure

for

Correcting

Single

Program

Step.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Procedure

for

InsertingExtra

Program

Steps

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Programming

Techniques

Using

Tape

Cassette.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Creating a Multi-Block

Tape

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

SECTION

VII

- ADDITIONAL

COMMANDS

NOT

FOUND

ON

THE

700

KEYBOARD

Pause

Command

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-1

Write

Alpha

Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

. . . .

7-1

Storage

Commands

(Direct

Accesstoand

from

the

V-Register) . . . . . . . 7-2

Decisions.

. . . . . .

.'.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

X-Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

V-Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Shifting

Commands.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

SECTION

VIII

- TRIGONOMETRIC

PACKAGE

PROGRAM

STATISTICAL PACKAGE

PROGRAM

Trig

Pack.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-1

Speed

and

Accuracy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

To

Load

the

Trig

Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Using

the

Trig Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Program Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Designofthe

Trig

Pack

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Statistical Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-

5

Assignment

of

Special

Operations

Key

for

a User's

Own

Subroutines.

. . . .

8-6

•

VI

!'.-

",

1

,_-

C

o

to,

,

,

t.

t:->·

~:<:

o

TableofContents

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS (Continued)

SECTION

IX

- SAMPLE PROGRAMS

Algebra

of

Complex Numbers (Program) .

• •

• • • • •

•

• • •

•

•

•

•

9-1

SECTION X - WARRANTY, SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

Warranty.

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • •

• •

• • •

•

•

•

• • • • • •

•

10-1

Post-Warranty Service Availability

•

•

• • •

•

•

•

•

•

•

• • • •

•

•

•

10-1

Annual Maintenance

Contract.

• • •

• • •

•

• •

•

• •

• • • • • •

•

.10-1

Post-Warranty Service Call Without Maintenance

Contract

• •

• • • • •

•

•

10-1

In-House Maintenance Capability

• •

• • •

•

• • • •

•

•

•

•

•

• •

•

10-2

APPENDIX

Typing Conventions

• • • •

•

•

•

•

• •

• •

•

•

• •

•

• • • • •

•

A-I

Index

•

• •

•

• • • •

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

•

• • •

•

•

• • • • • •

•

A-4

..

Vll

RUN

LEARN

LEARN

LIST

PRINT

PROGRAM

i ,

I

RELEASEIIFORWARDIITAPE

Rl!ADYIIREWIND

I

o 0

PROGRAM

MACHINE

ERROR

ERROR

,

0000

BC4020

10

00

01

02 03 04 05 06 07

06 09

10

11

12

13

14

15

0

DEGREE

RADIANS

SINX

COSX

TANX

SIN-1 COS-I

TAN-

1

TO

POLARTORECT

SINHX

COSHX

TANHX

SINH-

1

COSti~

TANW'

0

TO

RADIANS

TO DEGREES

X

X X X

X

,.

....

,.

...

SKIP

WRITE

END

RECALL

~

,.

.....

,.

RECALL

CHANGE

{X

CLEAR

LOAD

ALPHA

ALPHA

INDIR

DIRECT

SIGN

X'

X

PROG

IF

MARK

PRIME

INDIR

DIRECT

ERROR

...

•

SKIP

STORE

• •

STORE

END

VERIFY

•

7

B 9

RETURN

WRITE

l/X

INDIR

INDIR

DIRECT

DIRECT

-

PROG

IF

•

PROG

Y~X

INTEGER

RECALL

X

X

l

SKIP

Ixi

RESIDUE

INDIR

DIRECT

X

4 5

6

STOP

IF

GROUP

SET

X

Y=X

1

PC

-+

-

-

SKIP

lOx

LOG,.X

1T

INDIR

DIRECT

-

1

2

3

IF

GROUP

RECORD

Y<X

2

PROG

GO

eX

0

+

+

0

SET

SEARCH

STEP

LOG.X

INDIR

DIRECT

+ •

EXP

700A/B KEYBOARD

ILLUSTRATION

Section I

Introduction

SECTION I

INTRODUCTION

•

The

Wang 700isthe

ultimate solution

to

many calculating needs. Simpleorcomplex

calculations can be

done

right

at

the desk. The

700

keyboard is extremely simple to

operate. Once

the

fundamental

operations have been mastered, programming the 700

is

easy.

The

Wang 700isa self-contained programmable electronic calculator

constructed

with

integrated circuits on snap-in replaceable printed circuit modules.

The

700iscomposed

of

three basic elements:

1.

The

Central Processing Unit

2.

Read-Only Memory

3.

Core Memory

The

Central Processing

Unit

(CPU)

is

the

hardware which performs the arithmetic

operations.

The

Read-Only Memory guides

the

CPU in all its operations. In effect,

the

Read

Only Memory is

"the

brains"ofthe Wang 700.Itdirects all arithmetic and logical operations

on

the

700 and has been programmedtoperform all

the

functions found

on

the

67 keys

of

the

700

keyboard.

The

700

Core Memory is organized into 121or122

data

registers; plus a nixie display

of

the two work registers X and

Y;

120 registers can be used for

data

storage

or

program

storage. All user programs are executed from core memory.

The

trig functions are also

executed from core memory.

Section II explains

the

modes

of

operation on

the

700,aswell

as

the

five non-pro-

grammable keys; discusses

the

dual nixie-type display

readout

and

the

basic arithmetic

operations; explains direct and indirect addressing

of

the

data

storage registers; explains

the RECALL RESIDUE key

_.

a unique Wang feature

that

makes double-precision

arithmetic a simple

operationonthe 700.

The usefulness

of

the

Wang

700

comes from its programming capabilities. A program

is

simply a logical sequenceofsteps which

the

calculator can perform automatically over and

over again

on

different variables.Ifthe

calculationisto

be performed only once, it probably

is

simple enoughtodoitmanually

on

the keyboard. However,ifthe

same calculations are

tobedone

repeatedly, itisbeneficialtorecord and save

the

stepsofthe calculation in the

form

of

a program

and

let

the

calculator perform these repeated operations.

The

program

is

loaded into core and executed from core. Programs can also be stored

on

magnetic tape

for later use.

Sections III, IV,

V,

VI, and VII discuss various techniquestouse in programming the

Wang

700.

They

explain

how

to introduce a program into core memory and howtosave it

for later use

on

tape cassettes. Also,

they

explain how several partsofa program can share

the same

part

of

core memory. Section VIII discusses

the

TRIG

functions

of

the

Wang

1 - 1

Section I

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

700. Section

IX

gives an exampleofa

700

Program and

further

illustrates

the

concept

of

indirect addressing. Section X contains warranty, service, and maintenance information.

An appendix

is

included in this manual which covers typing conventions and contains an

index

to

help

the

user locate

with

ease certain itemsofinterest.

700A

-7008

700A

700B

PROGRAM

STEPS

960

960

.REGISTERS

000-119
120-121

* (Scratch Pad Only)
2 Level subroutine
Drives 701

output

writer

000-119

120* (Storage Only)
5 Level subroutine
Drives 701

Output

writer

702

Plotter

*The

700A

register

121

and

the

700B register 120 may be usedasscratch pads

onlyifsub-

routine

00-00 thru 01-15 are

not

accessed. When these subroutines are called

upon

the

Y

register

is

automatically stored in these registers.

1-2

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

o 0

!lflllll

I

•••

0000

LEARN

LIST

PRINT

PROGRAM

LEARN

RUN

MODES

OF OPERATION

The

700

has

four

different modesofoperation.

The

four

lock-in switches located above the

toggle switches

on

the

700

keyboard are used

to

put

the

700

into

a certain

mode

of

operation.

RUN MODE

The

RUN MODE is used

for

most

700

operations. All keyboard calculations are done in

the RUN MODE.

In

fact, practically all operations

except

introducing a program

into

core

memory from

the

keyboard

are performedonthe

700 in the RUN MODE.

SECTION II

EXPLANATION

OF KEYS

LEARN MODE

The

700isput

into

LEARN MODE when a program istobe written

into

core. Every

programmable

key

which is indexed while

the

700

is in LEARN MODEis"learned"

or

recorded in core. In LEARN MODE

the

Y-Register is blanked and the X-Register displays

the program

step

number

and

the

program code storedatthat

step.

LEARN-PRINT MODE

The

LEARN-PRINT MODE and

the

LIST PROGRAM MODE are used

only

when the

output

writer is available.Inthe

LEARN-PRINT MODE,each key indexed is

"learned"

into

core

and

is also listed

Or

the

output

writer. As each

key

is indexed,

the

program step

number

and

the

program codeofthe

keyislisted

on

the

output

writer, giving

the

user a

hard

copyofhis program ashewrites it!

2-1

Section

II

ExplanationofKevs

LIST-PROGRAM MODE

When

the

700isput

in the LIST-PROGRAM MODE and the GO keyisdepressed, it

automatically lists the program steps and program code in increments

of

100

steps until

it

encounters

an END PROGRAM code.

The

LEARN-PRINT and LIST-PROGRAM modes

are discussed in greater detail in

the

701 OUTPUT WRITER MANUAL.

TURNING

THE

700

ON

The procedure for turning the 700onconsistsofthree steps:

1.

Turn power switch ON.

2.

Index

PRIME to initialize the system.

3.

Select

mode

of

operation. (In

most

instances the R UN

mode

will be selected.

Depress R UN

button.)

The

Wang

700

is nowinRUN MODE readytoperform

your

calculations.

NON

PROGRAMMABLE

KEYS

Becauseoftheir

function, there are five keys which

cannot

be programmedonthe Wang

700.

Eachofthese commandsisdiscussed briefly in this section. Alloftheir functions and

uses will

become

clear after reading

the

entire manual.

The

five

non

programmable keysonthe

700

are:

PRIME

DODD

I

II

II

II

I

0000

0

0

G

EJ

,

,

PRIME

VERIFY

PROG

SET

PC

.

RECORD

PROG

STEP

The

PRIME key initializes the

700

system and should always be depressed when

the

700isfirst

turned

on.Italso performs

the

following operations:

1.

Clears V-Registertozero.

2.

Clears X-Registertozero.

3. Sets

the

program

countertoStep 000.

4.

Resets program-error and machine-error indicators.

2-2

Section

/I

Explanation

of

Keys

The PRIME key should be depressed

when

the

700

is first

turned

on.

NOTE

The PRIME

key

should

notbedepressed when any operationisbeing executed.

If

the programisto be

stopped

during execution, the STEP

key

should

be used. This

will

stop

the program after

the

current stepisexecuted.

Also

indexing the PRIME

key

when RECORD PROGRAM

or

LOAD PROGRAM

commands

are being

executed

will cause

difficulty

with

the tape.

If

the PRIME

keyisindexed

accidentally during a RECORD PROGRAM or LOAD PROGRAM operation, the

operation

will be terminated immediately. However, the tape should be

rewound

before executing any

other

tape operations.

PROGRAM

COUNTER

AND

SET

PC

The

program

counterorPCisa

counter

which

counts

from

000to959.Itindicates which

program step

is

about

to

be executed.

At

all times,italways

pointstothe

next

program

step. Thus,

when

the

machine is performing step 108,

the

PCisalready

on

step 109.

The SET

PC

key

allows

the

usertoaddress and set

the

program

counter

with

the

next

three keystrokes.

SET

PC

018

This instruction sets

the

program

countertoprogram step

number

018.Toset

the

program

counter

requires

four

keystrokes: SET PC followed by three numeric keys. PRIME auto-

matically sets

the

program

countertostep

number

000.

STEP

The

STEP key allows

the

user

to

step

through

his program

one

stepata time.Ifthe

programisrunning when

the

STEP keyisindexed,

the

program

stopsatthe

stepitis

about

to execute. In

the

RUN MODE, depressing the STEP

key

will cause

the

700toperform

the

next

step in

the

program. Each time

the

STEP

key

is indexed,

the

next

program step will be

executed.

The GO key will take

the

700

out

of

the

stepping

mode

and

putitin

the

continuous

mode

executing

the

remaining steps in

the

program

until

a STOP

commandisencountered.

NOTE

In any 2-step

command

such

as

DIRECT ADDRESSING and WRITE ALPHA

commands, the GO

key

should

not

be depressedinthe middle

of

the 2-step

command. The entire 2-step

command

should be

executedinstep

mode

before

switching to the

continuous

mode.

This stepping featureisof

tremendous

value for debugging programs.

The

programmer

can

step

through

his program and locate his difficulty immediately.ByswitchingtoLEARN

2-3

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

MODE

he

can

see

the

step

number

and

the

codeofthe

operationheis

abouttoexecute.

When

stepping

through

a program in

LEARN

MODE,

the

program

step

number

(the

PC)

and

the

program

code

of

the

operation

is displayed in

the

X-Register. However, in

LEARN

MODE

the

operationisnot

executed.

VERIFY

PROGRAM

The

VERIFY

PROGRAM

key

decimally adds

the

high-order

and

low-order

digitsofthe

program codes in core beginning

at

step

000

untilitencounters

an END

PROGRAM

code.

The

sum is displayed in

the

right-most digitsofthe

mantissaofthe

X-Register.

EXAMPLE

STEP

#

000
001
002
003
004

KEY
MARK

0700

x

2

STOP
END PROG

CODE
0408

0700
0713

0515

0512

If

this

programislocated

in core

and

the

VERIFY

PROGRAM

key

is depressed

the

sum

displayed in

X

is

59.
04

08
07

00

07

13

05

15

-

59

After

performing

this

operation,

the

PC is setatthe

step where

the

END

PROGRAM

command

is located. (Step

004inthis

example.)

Notice

the

code

for

END

PROGRAM

is

not

added

into

the

sum generatedbythe

VERIFY

PROGRAM

key.

RECORD

PROGRAM

This

key

transfers a program from coretomagnetic

tape.

The

PCisset

to

a specific

step

and

the

program steps startingatthis step are

transferredtothe

tape

untilanEND

PROGRAM

commandisreached.

The

END

PROGRAM

commandisthe

last step trans-

ferred

to

the

tape.

After

transferring

the

program

to

tape,

the

PCissettowhereitwas

originally

set

(i.e.,

the

first program steptobe

transferredtothe

tape).

The

five keys, PRIME, SET PC,

VERIFY

PROGRAM,

RECORD

PROGRAM

and

STEP are

the

only

keys

on

the

700

which

cannot

be used in a program.

Therefore,

when

anyofthese

keys

are

indexeditdoesn't

matter

whether

the

machine is in

LEARNorRUN

MODE.

THE

DISPLAY

The

display consists

of

two

work

registers, X

and

Y.

Both

the

X and Y Registers are

displayed simultaneously by easily readable half-inch

nixie-type

tubes. Each register has a +

sign

and

twelve digit mantissa followedbya two-digit

exponent

with a range

of

-99to+99.

2·4

+.

XXXXXXXXXXXX

+.

XXXXXXXXXXXX

\ I

mantissa

I

floating decimal

sign

of

mantissa

Section

/I

ExplanationofKeys

+ X X (Y-Register)

+ X X (X-Register)

\

'exponent

signofexponent

For

numbersinthe

range

.1~INI

< 1

000000000,

the

decimal

point

retains

its

natural

position.

When a

number

lies

outside

this

range,

the

decimal

automatically

relocatestothe

extreme

left,

and

the

exponent

of

the

power

of

lOis

indicated

correctly

in

modified

scientific

notation.

This

property

will

become

clear

after

a few

minutes

familiarization

with

the

keyboard.

(A few

numbers

and

how

they

appearinthe

display

are

given below.)

X-REGISTER

The

keys0,1, 2,

...

9 and

decimal

point

(.)

are used

for

enteringanumber

into

the

X-Register.

The

SETEXP

keyisusedtoset

the

exponent

valueofX.

The

CH SIGN

key

changes

the

algebraic signofthe

mantissaorexponent

of

X.

Indexinganumber

into

the

700

keyboardisas

simple as writing

the

number

down

on

paper.

The

normal

sequence

of

stepsisto

key in

the

mantissa

followed

by

the

SETEXP

key

and

the

valueofthe

exponent.

ENTERINGANUMBER

Index

the

following few

numbers

on

the

700

keyboard.

After

indexing

the

number

into

the

X-Register.

moveitto

the

Y-Registerbydepressing

the

t key.

NUMBER

SEQUENCE

OF

STEPS DISPLAY

a)

.152x10

21

1

5 2

SETEXP

2 1 t

.

.152000000000

+ 21

--

-

---

b)

6.62517x

10

-27

6 6 2 5 1

7

SETEXP

CHS

2 6

t

.662517000000-26

------

---

c)

-2534.5

2 5 3 4 . 5 CHS t

------

--

Or

-

2534.50000000

2 5 3 4 5 CHS

SETEXP

4 t

-----

--

d)

.0075

.0075t

------

Or

+.750000000000-02

7 5

SETEXP

CHS

2

t

--

--

Indexcanddboth

ways. Does

the

display

appear

differently?

Notice

example

b. Whyis26

enteredasthe

valueofthe

exponent?

SET EXP

The

SETEXP

keyisused

to

set

the

exponent

valueofX

with

the

next

two

successive

keystrokes.

The

SETEXP

key

automatically

aligns

the

decimal

point

in

the

left-most

positionofthe

X-Register: however,itdoes

not

blank

out

the

mantissa.

This

allows us

to

change

the

valueofthe

exponent

ofanumber

without

havingtokeyinthe

entire

number

•

agam.

2-5

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

EXAMPLE

Index 1.75 x 10

23

Suppose

the

following sequenceofstepsisused:

1 . 7 5 SETEXP 2 3

Notice what happens to

the

decimal

point

when

the

SETEXP key

is

indexed.Itis

not

necessarytoindex the decimal

point,asthe SETEXP key automatically alignsitin

the

left

most position. The value

of

the

exponent

will also have

to

be indexed correctly.Ifthe

number

is in

proper

scientific

notation,

the valueofthe

exponentissimply increased by

1.

Thus,

the

correct sequenceofsteps would be:

CLEAR X 1 7 5 SETEXP 2 4

All numbers indexed after the SETEXP key simply changes

the

valueofthe

exponent.

Since

the

rangeofthe

exponentis-99

to

+99, normally only Ior2 numbers are indexed after

the

SETEXP key. However, if more

than

2 numbers are indexed, the

exponent

takesonthe

value

of

the

last 2 numbers entered.

EXAMPLE

If

the following sequenceofsteps is performed:

1.

1 2 SETEXP 2 3

4,

the valueofthe

exponentis34.

2.

For

SETEXP CHS 3

57,

the valueofthe

exponentis-57.

3.

For

SETEXP 5 0 2,

the

value

of

the

exponent

should be 2. However,

on

the

display

the

exponent

would be blanked

out

and the decimal

point

would assume

its

natural

position.

The

700

will remain in the SETEXP

mode

until a

non

numeric

key

or the decimal

point

key

is depressed.

V-REGISTER

The

Y-Registerisanother

work

register used in conjunction

with

the

X-Register for basic

arithmetic operations and

data

transfers. A

number

in the X-Register can easily be trans-

ferred

to

the

Y-Register by indexing

the

t key

or

~

t key.

KEYSTROKE

CLEAR X

f

~

U

+

x

OPERATION

Clears X-Register
X

into

Y, X unchanged
Y into X, Y unchanged
X and Y exchanged
Y

+X in

to

Y, X unchanged

Y-X

into

Y, X unchanged

Yx X into Y, X unchanged

2-6

2-7

Step

through

the

following

examplestofamiliarize

yourself

with

these

keyboard

operations.

Y+X

into

Y, X

unchanged

Absolute

valueofX

into

X, Y

unchanged

Disregards decimal

partofnumberinX

and

puts

integer

partofnumberinX, Y

unchanged

1/X

into

X, Y

unchanged

x2into

X, Y

unchanged

v'X

into

X, Y

unchanged

LOGloX

into

X, Y

unchanged

lOx

into

X, Y

unchanged

LOGeX

into

X, Y

unchanged

eX

into

X, Y

unchanged

rr

into

X, Y

unchanged

Section 1/

ExplanationofKeys

•

•

rr

!XI

INTX

l/X

EXAMPLE 3. Calculate 51 x

6.2

= +

62.0119219307

y'26'

1.51

t

1.51

t

2. 6 . 2 x

2.

2 6

vx

+

3. 2

6-vx

+

3.6

. 2 x

(AnswerinY,v126

in X)

(AnswerinY,

6.2

in X)

EXAMPLE 2. Calculate (5)2 - (20)2 +

(1/15)2

+V'70

= -

366.628955291

1.

CLEAR

X

2.

5 x

2

t

3.20

x

2

-

4. 1 5

l/x

x

2

+

5.70

vx+

(AnswerinY,v'70

in

X)

EXAMPLE

4.

A=rrr

2

r=.568x

10-

6

=

+.101355318827-11

1.5

6 8

SETEXP

6 CHS

2.

x

2

t

rr

3. X

(AnswerinY,rrin

X)

EXAMPLE

1.

Calculate.083+

17.86+32.2=

+50.1430000000

1.

PRIME

2.·.083~

3. 1

7.

8 6 +

4.3

2 . 2 +

(AnswerinY,

32.2inX)

vx

LOGloX

lOx

LOGeX

x

e

,

\

,

,

;i

.

•

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

EXAMPLE 5. Calculate (12.8)?/3 = +

383.256852976

1.

1 2 . 8 LOGeX

1.

1 2 . 8 LOG! 0 X

2. t 7 x

or

2.'

7 x

3.3

+

3.3+

4. t

eX

(Answer in

X)

4.

~

lOX

(Answer in

X)

EXAMPLE 6. Reduce

t~e

angle 8650to

an equivalent angle less than

360

0

.

Formula

865 - INT

~865';

360

=equivalent

(145)

360

360

value

'.

- - /

1.

865

t

2.3

6 0 +

3.

tINT

(X)

4.-

5.3

6 0 x (Answer in Y,

360

in X)

EXAMPLE 7. Calculate

the

following:

a.

c = 2 T( r where r = .347 X

10-

5

=

.21802..xlO-

4

b.

M =

90

+ 87 + 68 + 77 =80.5

4

c.

y'"M+ 1 where M

is

the

answerof7 (b)

y'M

Answer =

8.984

...

Hint: Use+tkey

d. e

5.3

+ 10

5.7

+

T(2

=

501397.4...

e.

Log

(-.

2) What happens? Why? PRIME and find

vC3.

What happens? Why?

PROGRAM-ERROR

INDICATOR

There are two lights located

to

the

right

of

the

Special

Function

Keys

on

the 700

keyboard. These two lights are used

as

error

indicators.

The

one on the right indicates

MACHINE

ERROR;

the

one

on

the

left PROGRAM

ERROR.

The

MACHINE

ERROR

INDICATOR is discussed later.

The

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATORisturned

on

whenever an illegal

operation

is

performed (i.e., taking the logarithmorsquare

rootofa negative number,ordividing by

zero). Also,

if

a calculated result is greater

than

10

99

, the PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR

will be

turned

on. Whenever

the

indicatorison,

the

arithmetic sign

of

the

X-Register

also flashes.

OPERATIONS WHICH TURN PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR ON

Calculated result greater

than

10

99

Division by 0

y:::x

LOG!oXwhere

x<

0

(Overflow condition)

2·8

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

Log e where

x<

0

Searching Non-Existent Flag (See page 4-3).

Addressing An Illegal Data Register (Any Register Greater

than

121)
Program Overlaps Core (See BYPASSING PROGRAM BLOCKS page 6-8)
Program Block

is

Missing

An

END PROGRAM

Instruction

(See

Definition

of

PROG RAM BLOCK(page 6-4)

The PRIME key

is

usedtoturn

the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR off. In program-

Illing, a SKIP

IF

ERROR

commandisavailabletotest for this condition. Performing this

il'st will also

turn

the

indicator off.

DATA

STORAGE

REGISTERS

[n additiontothe

X and Y

work

registers, the Wang

700

hasupto

122 storage registers.

I

':ach

register has a 12-digit mantissa with sign and a two-digit

exponent

with sign.

The

registers are

numbered

consecutively from

000to121 and canbeaddressed

both

directly

;Ind

indirectly for

maximum

convenience. Numbers are stored from and recalledtothe

X-

Register. Each register can be usedtoadd, subtract, multiply and divide. Any

number

in

storage can be exchanged

or

swapped with any

numberinthe

X-Register.

DIRECT

ADDRESSING

Direct addressingofregisters requires a two-step command.

The

first keystroke indicates

lile

operation

(i.e.,

to

Store, Recall, Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide,

or

Exchange).

The

second keystroke indicates

the

register in which the operationisto

be performed.Tostore a
nllmber, simply index the control key STORE DIRECT followed by a second keystroke
Identifying

the

register number.

TOGGLE

SWITCHES

AND

SPECIAL

FUNCTION

KEYS

Eqch register is represented by a combination

of

toggle switch settings and special

III

nction keys.

0000

80402010

00

01

02

03

04

05 06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

••••

DODD

2-9

It

o 0

....

-_

~--

-"

..

''- "

..

--

'

2-10

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

15

14

12

13

o 0

o 0

1 1

09

10

IltllllJ

I

Ii

II

II

•

•

, ,

~

. a .....

.

-~...,

DODD

DODD

••••

••••

:;:::::;::::::::::

00

01

02 03

Wf

05

06 07

08

09

10 1 1 1 213

14

1 5

;.:

.;.:-

:.:.:

<.:.

gg

01

02 03 04 05 06

••.•

·.0

.••.

:.1..................

08

..................

_---L_-'--_I....-..--L_--l.-_~=_---L_-'--_I....-__l._----L_..l.-----'L---'

0080

80402010

BoBO

80402010

Notice

the

toggle switch setting. When the07keyisindexed the register designated is 117

(80

+ 20 + 10 + 7). When the

00

keyisindexed the register designated

is

110 (80 + 20 +

10

+

0).

The

toggle switches are set

to

the

OFF

(down) position. When

the

toggle switches are

in

the

down

position,

the

special function keys designate

the

registers

000to015.

The

4

toggle switches are labeled 80, 40,

20

and 10. When

oneofthese toggle switches is switched

to

the

ON

(up)

position and a special function key is indexed,

the

register designated is the

sum

of

the

valuesofthe

toggle switches and

the

special

function

key.

(1)

Depressing the special function

key04while switch setting

(20)

is flicked ON designates

register

24

(20

+ 4).

(2)

o 0

o 0

CI

:::J

£=Ji

11

1

I

I[

II

Il~

.

. . - .

......

',.,

.

~

. ..

DODD

0000

••••

••••

00

01

:j!,III!

03

04

05

06

07 08

0910

1

1 1

2

13

1

4 1 5

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10 11

i~~[·i:1

13 141

5

oong

80402010

Section

/I

ExplanationofKeys

2-11

oogo

80402010

(3) Designate Register32in

two

different ways:

One way

of

doing

this

wouldbeto

set

toggle switches20and10to

the

ON

(up)

position

and press

the

special

function

key

02.

Another

way is

the

following:

Set

toggle

switch

20inthe

up position and press

the12key. Notice

both

combinations

20 + 10 + 2

and

20

+ 12 designate register

32.

Thus,

different

combinationsoftoggle switch

settings

and

special

function

keys

can be usedtoidentify a particular register. However. in

J:'

-

_.'

,,,.

-

';~

,

-,<'-

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

LEARN

MODE

the

program

code

designating Register32wouldbe0302or0212,

depend-

ing

on

which

method

was used.

STORE

DIRECT

To

storeanumber

in a register, simply

index

the

number

into

the

X-Register, press

the

STORE

DIRECT

key

followed by

the

register

number.

EXAMPLE

1:

EXAMPLE 2:

Store

1r2into

register 14

* Toggle switches

down

Index1rx2STORE

DIRECT

14

1r

2 is

now

stored

in register 14

andisstill

displayed in

the

X-Register.

Store

.57 x 1018into

Register

32
*Toggle switches20and 10 UP
Index

5 7

SETEXP

1 8

----

--

STORE

DIRECT

02

.57 X 1018is

now

storedinRegister32and

is still displayed in

X.

i

*

NOTE

For problems requiring less than

17

storage registers and for general usage, the

toggle switches

are

kept

in

the OFF

(down)

position and the Special

Function

Keys are used to address Registers

000

to 015.

RECALL

DIRECT

RECALL

DIRECT

recalls the

number

from

the

designated register

into

the

X-Register.

The

number

appears in

the

X-Register

and

also remains in

the

storage register.

The

sequence

of

stepstofollow is

the

same as

with

STORE

DIRECT.

I

EXAMPLE: Recall1r2

from

register 14

Index

RECALL

DIRECT

14

1r2appears in

the

X-Register and is still

in

storage register 14.

2·12

Section

1/

ExplanationofKeys

~

-.....

DIRECT,

The

-:

DIRECT

key

is a

handy

command

which allows

the

operator

to

exchange

a

number

in

the

X-Register

withanumber

in anyofthe

storage registers.

The

command

simply swaps

the

valuesofthe

X-Register

and

the

internal register. Again

the

sequence

of

stepstofollow is

-:

DIRECT

followedbythe

desired register.

EXAMPLE:

Suppose

27.8 is in

the

X-Register

and

1f2

is

in Register 14.

To

store 27.8 in Register 14

and

reca1l1f2to

the

X-Register in

one

operation:

Index

~

DIRECT

14

•

+DIRECT

Adds

number

in

X-REGISTER

to

value

stored

in register designated by

next

keystroke.

TheXand

Y Registers remain

unchanged.

-DIRECT

Subtracts

numberInX-REGISTER

from value

stored

In register designated

by

next

keystroke.

TheXand

Y Registers

remain

unchanged.

XDIRECT

Multiplies

numberinX-REGISTER

by

value

stored

in register designated

by

next

keystroke.

TheXand

Y Registers

remain

unchanged.

-:-DIRECT

Divides

numberinX-REGISTER

into

number

stored

in register designated

by

next

keystroke.

TheXand

Y Registers

remain

unchanged.

What

happensifthe

same

operationisperformed

again?

ADD,

SUBTRACT,

MULTIPLY,

AND

DIVIDE

DIRECT

(The X and V Registers Remain Unchanged.)

In

addition

to

storingal2-digit

mantissa and a 2-digit

exponent,

the

registers

can

be

lIsed as

accumulators

to

add,

subtract,

multiply

and

divide. With

eachofthese

operations

the

resultisstored

in

the

designated register and

the

X-Register

and

Y-Register

remain

ullchanged.

The

four

arithmetic

operations

are'

A simple

example

will

illustrate

how

eachofthese

commands

works.

EXAMPLE:

Perform

the

following in Register 001

(13

x2)

+ 4

-3=7

3

1.

1 3

STORE

DIRECT

01

Places 13 in Register

01

--

and

the

X-Register

2.

2 X

DIRECT

01

This

sequenceofsteps

-

-

places

the

product

equal

to26in Register

Oland

2 remains

unchangedinthe

X-Register.

3. 4 +

DIRECT

01

Adds4to

the

Answer.

-

30isnowinRegister 01,

4 is

in

X-Register.

2-13

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

4. 3 -;.-DIRECT 01

-

5. -

DIRECT

01

6.

RECALL

DIRECT

01

Divides

resultby3

pu

tting

lOin

Register 01,

3

remainsinX-Register.

Since

3 is in X

when

the

commandisgiven,

3 is

subtracted

from

10

putting

7 in

Register 01,

3 in X-Register.

Recalls final answer
to

X. = 7

The

fact

that

the result is

put

in

the

storage register

rather

than

the X-Register can

be

extremely

usefulifwe are using a

constant

multiplierordivisor.

INDIRECT

ADDRESSING

In

addition

to

providing

direct

access

to

the

internal

storage registers,

the

Wang

700

offersanindirect

modeofaddress.

Both

display registers are utilized

for

indirect

addressing.

The

Y-Register designates

the

register being addressed. As

with

direct

addressing,

the

X-Register is used as

the

work

register.

The

commandisperformedonthe

number

in X

and

the

result

is placedinthe

internal

storage register.

Indirect

addressingisa valuable

programming

tool

for

saving program steps, especially in

repetitive

matrix-type

operations.

Remember,

indirect

addressing requires

only

one

step -

the

operation

itself.

The

register

on

which

the

operationisperformed

is identifiedbythe

number

in Y.

INDIRECT

KEYS

The

indirect

commands

are identicaltothose

usedindirect

addressing.

They

consist

of

the

following:

KEY

OPERATION

STORE

INDIRECT

Stores

number

in X

into

Register

designated by

numberinY.

RECALL

INDIRECT

Recalls

numbertoX from register

designated in Y.

Number

also remains

in register.

:>

INDIRECT

Swaps

number

in X

with

number

in

,

register designated by Y.

+

INDIRECT

Adds

number

in Xtonumber

in register

designated in Y.

The

sum is placed in

internal

register.

Number

in X remains

unchanged.

2-14

- INDIRECT

X INDIRECT

-;-

INDIRECT

Section /I

ExplanationofKeys

Subtracts

number

in X from

number

in

register designated in Y.

The
differenceisplacedininternal
register.

Number

in X remains
unchanged.
Multiplies

number

in Xbynumber

in

register designated in Y.

The

product

is

placed in internal register.

Number

in X remains unchanged.

Divides

number

in X

into

number

in

register designated in Y.

The

quotient

is

placed in internal register.

Number

in X remains unchanged.

The

following example illustrates

how

eachofthese commands

would

be used.

Example

Perform

the

following in Register

002

using

Indirect

modeofaddress.

7(5.8)-7.2

2+

3

=

126.951111110

3

KEY

,

2 t

--

7 ST

INDIR

-

5 . 8 X INDIR

-------

7 . 2 -

INDIR

---

3

-;-

INDIR

-

~

~INDIR

OPERATION

Places

the

register

numberinY (The

register

numberisusually

computed

in

the

program)

Stores 7 in register 002. The value

is

nowinboth

register

002

and

the

X

Register.

Multiplies the value

(7)

in

Register

002by5.8,putting

the

result in

002

and

5.8 remaining in

X.

Subtract

7.2 from the value in Register

002

and places result in Register 002.

7.2 remains in

X.

Divides

the

value in Register

002by3.

The

resultisput

in Register

002

and

3 remains in

X.

Exchanges 7(5.8) - 7.2 in Register

002

3

with3in

the X-Register.

Squares the value in

X.

2-15

•

:;.::-'

•

STEP

KEY

CODE

000

MARK

0408

1

0700

0700

2 0

0700

3

STIND

0504

4 1

0701

5

+

0600

6 1

0701

7 0

0700

8 0

0700

9

SKIP Y=X

0509

10

SEARCH

0407

11

0700

0700

12 STOP

0515

2-16

:t

...

~

-.

-

,-"

RECALL

RESIDUE

The

RECALL RESIDUE key is a unique Wang

700

feature which can beofgreat value

to

users who need greater

than

12 digit accuracy.

The

RECALL RESIDUE key gives the

· .

.

}

,-~

...

-"'~

~,

~

..

.'.).

~k'

·

.,......-

.

".-

.

-

~.

·

or·

·

~.

'.

.

,

.'

'..

"

•

, .

.,..

"~

"

.,

·

OPERATING PROCEDURE' PRIME GO

•

·,.'

FIGURE 1

+INDIR Adds 7(5.8) - 7.2 2

to

3 in Register

3

002. The resultisplaced in Register
002 and 7(5.8)

- 7.2 2 remains in

X.

3

ADVANTAGES

OF

INDIRECT

ADDRESSING

Two

advantagesofthe indirect

modeofaddressing are:

1.

It

requires only one keystroketoperform the indicated operation.

2.

By ,constructing a loop, a given program step sequence can operate on

many

different

setll

of

registers. A savingofmany program steps can result from this technique.

~.o:

RECALL INDIR Recalls final answer =

126.951111110

·

-;,.,

<

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

,<

"

Figure Lis a simple program which illustrates

the

advantageofindirect addressing. The

,

.e.

program stored 0 in the first 100 registers. Using direct access a minimum

of

200 steps

-

.".:

would

betequired.

(Two keystrokes

per

register - STORE DIRECT followed by each

register

nufnber.)

In

contrast, this program requires only

13

stepstoaccomplish the same

thing. A savings

of

187 steps!

,

Section

11

ExplanationofKeys

user

the

optionofdouble precision

arithmetic

for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and

division performed

in

any

of

the

storage registers

or

the

X and Y registers. By indexing

the

RECALL RESIDUE key directly

after

performing

oneofthese operations,

another

12 digitsofaccuracyisacquired.

ADDITION,

SUBTRACTION,

MULTIPLICATION

When

the

RECALL RESIDUE

keyisindexed

after

performing an addition,

subtraction

or

multiplication, a residueisdisplayed in

the

X-Register, whichifaddedtothe

first 12

digits

of

the

result, gives an additional 12 digitsofaccuracy. Examples are giventoshow

how

the

RECALL

RESIDUE

keyisused

for

addition, subtraction,

and

multiplication.

EXAMPLE

1:

OPERATION DISPLAY

.

ADD ON

700

5024873058.28

5024873058.28

"+5024873058.28

-------------

t

+6.8520987

-

+

6.8520987

6.8520987

-------

--

5024873065.1320987

+

"+.502487306513 +10

-

•

~6.8520927

RESIDUE

+.502487306513

+10

+.209870000000

-02

By indexing

the

RECALL

RESIDUE

key,

the

significant digits which would ordinarily

be lost in

the

shifting process are retained.

The

final resultisalways

the

algebraic sum

of

the

values displayed.

In

subtraction, however,

the

residue

might

be opposite in signtothe

answer. This should

not

cause any difficulty since

the

residueisalways algebraically added to

the

result.

EXAMPLE 2:

SUBTRACT

OPERATION

DISPLAY

ON

700

,.

'.

"

45024873058.28

.

5024873058.28

5024873058.28

- - - - - - - - -

--

- -

t

~6.8520987

-

- 6.8520987

6.8520987

---------

tf..502487305143 +10

5024873051.4279013

-

-

~6.8520987

2-17

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

RESIDUE

+.502487305143

+10

-.209870000000

-02

In

this

example,

the

residue is

opposite

in signtothe

result.Ifthese

two

numbers

aIT

added

together,

the

correct resultisgenerated. An easy wayofperforming

this

addition

is to

decrease

the

12th

digit

of

the

result by 1

(.502487305143

becomes

.50248730512),

subtract

each

digitofthe

residue from 9 so

.20987

becomes.

79012,

and

add1to

the

last

significant digit

(.79013).

Multiplication

works

the

same wayasaddition.

EXAMPLE 3:

OPERATION

MULTIPLY

ON

700

DISPLAY

31415.9254998

3

141

5.9254998

+31415.9254998

-------------

.728645297326

+.728645297326

t

-

.728645297326

-------------

/+22891.0663764

+.728645297326

The•answer

IS

x

-

/+22891.0663765

22891.0663765732361535348

RESIDUE

+.732361535348

-07

I

~

.

~

~

The

first twelve digitsofthe

product

are inY;the

last 12 digits areinX.

DIVISION

Using

the

RECALL

RESIDUE

key

in division is slightly

different

from

addition,

subtraction,

and

multiplication.

In

division, indexing

the

RECALL

RESIDUE

key

gives

us

a remainder. Using this

remainder

and

the

original divisor, 12

more

digitsofaccuracy can

be

obtained

by

performing

the

division again.

Study

the

following

example

illustrating the

technique:

2-18

f?

,'i

"

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

I

\;\MPLE

4:

DIVIDE 22

7

I

3.14285714285

/

/220000000

21

10

7
30
28

20

14

60

56

40
35

50

49

10

7

30
28

20

14

60

56

40
35

.___lII

Remainder

OPERATION

ON

700

22

--

t

-

7

-

•

•

-

RESIDUE

DISPLAY

/+

22.000000000

+7

+3.14285714285

+

7.00000000000./

"+3.14285714285

~.500000000000

-11

The

+.500000000000

-

11

displayed in X

after

the

RECALL

RESIDUE

keyispressed

indicates a

remainderof5

after

the

first 12 digitsofthe

quotient

are generated.

Notice

the

proper

decimal

positionisretained

(i.e., .5 x

10-

11

).

Since

the

decimal

positionisretained

automatically,

the

original divisor

should

be expressed

with

the

decimal

pointinthe

left

most

position

and

an

exponent

valueof0

before

performing

the

second

division. Thus, .7 is

divided

into

the

remainder.5xl

0-11

and12more

digitsofthe

quotient

are generated.

To

preserve

the

first 12 digitsofthe

quotient,

the

second

division is

performedinRegister

000.

2-19

Section

II

ExplanationofKeys

Since

the

remainderisnow

in X

STDIR

00

-

7

SETEXP*

7DIR

00

-

RE

DIR

00

*This

command

automatically

aligns

the

decimal

point

and

exponential

valueofthe

divisor.

Read

.714285714285

-

11

in

the

X-Register whichifadded

to

3.14285714285

yields

24 digit accuracy

for

22/7.

If

greater

accuracy is desired, simply

touch

the

RECALL

RESIDUE

key

to

obtain

the

remainder

(.5000000000000

- 23)

and

repeat

the

process.

This

example

illustrates

the

fact

that

the

RECALL

RESIDUE

key

performs

the

same

function

when

any

of

the

120

internal

registers are used

to

add,

subtract,

multiply

and

divide.

The

RECALL

RESIDUE

key

is NOT

limitedtouse solely

with

theXand

Y registers.

IT

SHOULD ALSO

BE

NOTED

THAT

THE

RESIDUE

MUST BE SAVED

AFTER

EACH

OPERA

nON

IFITIS

TO

BE USEDINFURTHER

CALCULA

nONS.

WRITE

COMMANDS

The

701

Output

Writer provides

the

user

with

completely

formatted

alpha-numeric

outputofhis

calculated

results.

NUMERIC

output

consists

of

a two-step

command.

The

WRITE

key

followed

by

a

format

command

will

print

the

contentsofthe

X-Register.

The

format

command

specifies

the

numberofdigitstobe

printed

out

before

and

after

the

decimal

point

EXAMPLE

The

HIGH

ORDER

digit

of

the

code specifies

the

numberofdigits

before

the

decimal

point.

'.

WRITE

02

03

~~.

-.

The

LOW

ORDER

digit

of

the

code

specifies

the

numberofdigits

after

the

decimal

point.

The

above

command

would

print

two

digits

before

the

decimal

point

arid

three

digits

after

the

decimal

point.

An

optiontoalways

printinmodified

scientific

notation

is available.

2·20

Section

/I

ExplanationofKeys

EXAMPLE

Display:
Command:

Output

will appear

as:

+.12345678123

- 40

WRITE

0015

.123456789l23ex-40

ALPHABETIC

output

can be printed

under

program

control

by using the WRITE

ALPHA command. Indexing

the

WRITE ALPHA key places the

700

in alpha mode so

that

:i1pha

characters can be printed. The END ALPHA command takes the

700

outofalpha

11l0de.

EXAMPLE

WRITE ALPHA

H 0101

E

0205

L

0109

L -

0109

o -

0209

END ALPHA

(Places

700

in alpha mode)

(Takes the

700

outofalpha mode)

•

The

above example would

print

the word '"HELLO."

Other

control

commands suchasshiftingtoupper

and lower case, carriage return, line

feed, spacing, backspace, and tabulation are all available

on

the

Output

Writer. All these

features are discussed in the 701 OUTPUT WRITER MANUAL.

GROUP1-GROUP2

These two keys are reserved for addressing optional peripheral equipment.

2-21

Section

11/

Programming

SECTION

III

PROGRAMMING

CODING

All programmed

operations

are represented by a 4-digit code. A list

of

the keyboard

operations and their respective codes is given below:

700 PROGRAM CODES

CODE

KEY

CODE

KEY

0400

+

DIRECT

0600

+

0401 -

DIRECT

0601

-

0402 x

DIRECT

0602

x

0403

7

DIRECT

0603

•

-

•

0404 STORE

DIRECT

0604

t

0405

RECALL01RECT

0605

t

0406

~DIRECT

0606

(j

0407

SEARCH

0607

IxI

0408

MARK

0608

INTEGER

X

0409

GROUPl

0609

'IT

0410

GROUP2

0610

L09!

oX

0411

WRITE

0611

L0geX

0412

WRITE

ALPHA

0612

VX

0413 END

ALPHA

0613

lOx

0414

STORE Y

*

0614

eX

0415

RECALL

Y *

0615

l/x

0500

+

INDIR

0700 0

0501

-

INDIR

0701 1

0502

x

INDIR

0702 2

0503

7

INDI

R

0703

3

0504

STORE

INDIR

0704 4

0505

RECALL

INDIR

0705

5

0506

C'INDIR

0706

6

0507

SKIP

if

Y;;;" X

0707 7

*ENTERED

BY

TOGGLE SWITCH SETTING

3·1

Section

III

Programming

0508

SKIPifY<X

0708 8

.0509

SKIPifY = X

0709

9

0510

SKIPifERROR

0710

SET EXP

0511

RETURN

0711

CHANGE

SIGN

0512 END PROG 0712

DECIMAL

POINT

0513

LOAD

PROG

0713

X

2

0514

GO

0714

RECALL

RESIDUE

0515 STOP

0715

CLEAR

X

,I

I

I)

!

The

four-digit

code

consists

of

2

2-digit number.

halves: a high-order 2-digit

number

and a low-order

x X X X

-----

----

HIGH

ORDER

LOW

ORDER

Each

of

these halves can assume

the

values 00, 01, 02,

...

upto15.

Thus

there are 16

different high and low-order digits and a

totalof16 x

16=256

codes.

The

64

codes used in

the

above table are set aside for the keyboard operations. They

consist

of

all possible combinations

that

can occur when the high-order digit assumes the

values 04, 05,

06

and 07 and the low-order digit assumes the values00to15- a totalof64

codes

(16

combinations are in eachofthe

4 categories).

GENERATING

A CODE USING

SPECIAL

FUNCTION

KEYS

AND

TOGGLE

SWITCHES

While this procedureisnot

recommended

for anyofthe

"operation

keys,"

any legal code

can be generated using

the

toggle switches and

the

special function keys.

The

special

function

keys are used to define

the

low-order digit and a combinationoftoggle switches

is

usedtodefine

the

high order digit.

0000

80402010

00

01

02

03

04

05 06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

••••

DODD

3-2

o 0

•

CORE MEMORY

o 0

XX

. .

v

LOW

ORDER

:::::::::I'I

II

II:::::::::::J

XX

'-.;-"

HIGH

ORDER

DODD

••••

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

0910

1

1

::l~:::\

13

14

1

5

oDgo

80402010

Core Memory is organized

into

121

or

122

data

registers

numbered

consecutively

from

000to121

or

122. Registers

000

- 119 are used

for

storing

either

program stepsordata.

16 program steps

occupy

2 data-storage registers. Register

120

and 121 are used exclusively

for

data

storage .(700B

data

register 121

not

available.)

As

stated

previously, each programmed

operation

is representedbya four-digit code.

The

four-digit

code

consists

of

two

halves: a high-order two-digit

number

and a low-order

two-digit

number.

Section"

I

Programming

If

the

toggle switches are

setasin

the

above figure and

the

special

operation

key

12

is

indexed,

the

square

rootofthe

numberinthe

X-Register will be

generated

since

the

code

for square

rootis0612.

Naturally,

the

square

root

ofanumber

would rarely be

found

using this technique, however, this example is includedtoexplain

howtogenerate any

of

the

256

codes. This

technique

is used

most

often

with

the

StoreYand

Recall Y commands.

. -

The

toggle switches are labeled

80,

40,

20, and 10

for

convenienceinselecting the

data storage registers discussed

in

Section II.

THEY

CAN ALSO BE VISUALIZED

AS

REPRESENTING

THE

NUMBERS 08, 04,

02,AND

01

FOR

THE

PURPOSE

OF

GEN-

ERATING

THE

HIGH-ORDER

DIGIT

OF

ANY

LEGAL

CODE. When a special function

key is indexed,

the

operation

executed

by

the

calculator is

the

command

whose high-order

digit is defined

by

the

settingofthe

toggle switches

and

whose low-order digit is

the

special

function

key

indexed.

~:

,

'"

,

t

~-

,

f-

(-

,

The

program code forV"X

is

06

'-.;-"

HIGH

ORDER

12

'-.;-"

LOW

ORDER

3-3

•

PROGRAM STEP NO.

Section

III

Programming

•

PROGRAM STEP NO.

3 3
1 0
9 4
3 2
0 8
3 8
2 2

8 7

7 2
2

2

7 5
1

6

2

2

5

4
5 0
2 2

1

3

2

9 4
2 2

2 0

3 8

2

1

0 9

17

2

1

1

9 7

1

6

1

1

7

6

5

0

1 1

1

5 4
9 4

1

1

4

2

3 8
1

HIGH

ORDER

1
2 1
7

LOW ORDER

2
1 0
1 9
1 6
0 0
9

8

5 0
0 0

1

7 6
9 4

0 0
6 4
3 8
0

0
4 3
7

2

0

0

3

1

1 6
0

0 0 0

0

0 0

0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0

0
1 1 1 111 000 0 0 0 0 000
5 4

3

2

1 0 9

8 7 6

5

4 3 2

1

0

088
089

096
097

084
085

086
087

098

099

092
093

082
083

090
09

094
095

102
103

104
105

100
10

110
11

108

109

106
107

118
119

114
115

116
117

112
113

'080
081

REG
NO.

3-4

•

PROGRAM STEP NO.

CORE

STORAGE

6

6

3 2

9 4
6 6

2

0

3

8

6 5
0 9
7 2
5

5

9

7

1

6

5

HIGH

ORDER

5
7 6
5

LOW

ORDER

0

5 5

5 4

9 4

5

5

4

2

3

8

5

5

2

1

17

2

5

4

1 9
1 6

4

4

9

8

5

0

4

4

7 6
9 4

4

4

6

4

3 8

4

4

4

3

7

2

4

4

3

1

1 6

4 4

1

0

5

0

3

3

9

8

9

4

3

3

8

6

3

8

3

3

6

5

7

2

3

3

5

3

1

6

3

3

3

2

5

0

066
067

074
075

068
069

060
061

076

077

072
073

056
057

062
063

064
065

054
055

078
079

052
053

050
051

046
047

070
071

048

049

058
059

042
043

044

045

040
041

REG
NO.

9 9
5 4
9 4
9

9

4

2

3

8

9

9

2

1

7

2

9

8

1

9

1

6

8

8
9 8
5

0

8

8
7 6
9 4

8

8
6 4

~

8

8 8
4

3
7 6
8

8

3 1

1 6

8 8

1

0
5 0
7

7
9

HIGH

ORDER

8
9

LOW ORDER

4
7

7
8

6
3

8
7

7
6 5
7 2
7

J

5 3

1

6
7 7

3 2

5 0
7

7

1 0
9 4
7

6

0

I;

3 8
6

6

8

7

7

2

6

6

7

5

1

6

6

6

5

4

5

0

008

009

004

005

006

007

002
003

038
039

036
037

000
001

REG
NO.

I

010

( ;

011

,

,

•

!

•

012

I

013

014
015

!
!

016

,

,

,

017

!

j ,

018

,

019

I

,

i :

,

020

i

I

021

,'

I !

!

! :

i ;

022

I

,

023

j

024
025

026

ii

027

!

,

Ii

i :

!

028

029

II

I :

i i

i 1

li

• •

I •

,'

i j

i i

j j

ii

I ;

'I

l l

, ;

,,

-'

j

,,

1 !

: ,

,,

! !

• •

i )

11

i ,

, i

; j

j i

i 1

j !

I 1

ij

: j

,

.;

,,

ij

!I

I ;

• •

i 1

i :

i '

i !

I:

, ,

!

;,

j ;

i ;

i 1

I i

I •

• •

• •

I 1

) i

I

030
031

i i

I;

,;

,

032

1i

033

! '

034
035

Section

III

Programming

FIGURE

1

STEP KEY

CODE

000

2

0702

001

t

0604

002

+

0600

003

STOP

0515

004

END PROG

0512

I~,

A Program code step occupies

two

digits

of

storage,

one

digitineachoftwo adjacent

'iii)

registers; the high-order digitofa

code

occupying

one

register; the low-order digit the

othn

1

0

i;

register.

I Program steps

000

to

015

occupy

registers 118 and 119.

The

following

routine

to add

~/

2+ 2 is loaded into Registers 118 + 119 as illustrated.

ff·.··

~:::',

'

rj"?

"

t~·
<,~'--

~,

f'-'

5~;::

l/)'

0>.

ltt

~l,-~-

__

~'T

~t:

,c"

if'

"

•...

'."

0,

~:::

;;;/',

c_

-,

r'

F

r:j::

;::.

-

~\,

•

"

t Registers

118

119

05 05

06 06

07

12

15

00 04

02

015

014

013

012

011

010

009

008

007 006 005

004

003

002

001

000

PROGRAM STEP NUMBERS

high

order

low

order

The

high-order digitofthe

program codeisloaded

into

Register 118,

the

low-order digit

of

the

codeinRegister 119. Each pairofregisters can

accommodate

16 program steps.

The

program steps are

numbered

000

to

959. Step

000islocated in

Data

Registers 119 and

118, Step

959islocated

in Data Registers

000

and 001. (See Page 3-4)

It

shows exactly

what program steps are located in each register.

It

is advisabletouse registers 000,001,

002

003, etc. for

data

storage

and

registers 119, 118, 117, etc.,

for

program storage.Inthis way

data

will be stored in

one

endofcore and program operations willbestoredinthe

opposite

endofcore.

NUMBEROFREGISTERS OCCUPIEDBYA

PROGRAM

If

a programis7 steps long, 2

data

registers are being utilized

for

storing the program.

If

the

programis35 steps long, 6 data registers are being used

for

program steps.

To

determine

how

many

registers are being utilized:

1.

Divide the

numberofprogram steps by 16.

2.

Round

the answertothe

next

whole number.

Example:

33

16

= 2.0625 becomes 3

3. Multiply

the

whole

number

by 2tofind the equivalent

numberofregisters being used.

3-5

CORE MEMORY

Accommodates

Prog.

Steps

000to015

Accommodates
Prog.

Steps

016to031

7006

(register

121

not

available)

•

-"6(2)

= 12 registers

Example

Program

Step

Numbers

Programof88

steps occupies 12 registers

+

1I1111111

9

12 Digit Mantissa

+

EX

5
9

9

9

4

2

3

8

Data

+

t

Program

0

0

3

1

1

6

0

000

0

1

0 0 0

0

5

3 2

1

0

003

121

118

001

116

000

002

117

120

119

88

16=5.5

See Section V, Page 5-4 (for short programtoperform this calculation.)

Section

11/

Programming

1

i:

):

ii

I:

F

ii

"

,

I;

,!

il

3-6

4-1

Section

IV

Programming Concepts

20x

2

+ 5x in y

20x

2

+ 5x + 7.2 in y

20x

2

in y

REMARK
Key in x

0404

0000
0713
0604

0702
0700

0602
0705
0402
0000
0405
0000
0600
0707
0712
0702
0600

CODE·

2

+

•

x

5
XDIR
REG

00
REDIR
REG

00

+

7

STDIR

REG

00

x

2

t

2

o

OPERATION

SECTION

IV

PROGRAMMING

CONCEPTS

Notice

"the

program"

is simply the steps

the

user would performifhe were doing

the

calculation manually

on

the

keyboard. However,

the

program needs some sortofcommand·

to

tell

the

calculator wheretostart and wheretoend

its calculation. This is the purpose

of

the

SEARCH and MARK commands.

PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

To

exploit

the

full programming capabilityofthe

700, a few basic programming concepts

must be discussed. These are

the

conceptofa branch, a subroutine, a loop and a decision.

Usually,

the

main

part

of

a program advances one step

at

a time

in

a linear and

continuous fashion. Each

operationisperformed consecutively

one

after

the

other.

A

program

to

evaluate

the

polynomial y =

20x

2

+ 5x + 7.2 for different values

of

x would be:

Section

IV

Programming Concepts

MARK

AND

SEARCH COMMANDS

Flags

(names

or

marks)

in a

program

are

set

by

the

MARK

key

followed

byasecond

keystroke.

To

set

a flag

requires2keystrokes:

MARK

followed

by

anyofthe

256

legal

codes.

Thus,

there

are

256

different

"names"

or

flags

which

can

be

usedina Wang

700

program.

For

the

simple

program

we have

written

to

evaluate

Y =

20x2+ 5x +

7.2,

the

number

key

1 is

used

as a distinguishing flag.

Thus,

the

programispreceded

by

the

2

keystrokes

MARK

1.

To

end

the

calculation

simply

addaSTOP

command.

The

complete

program

thus

becomes:

OPERATION

CODE

REMARK

MARK

0408

1 0701

STDIR

0404

REG

000

0000

x

2

0713

t

0604

2

0702

0

0700

x

0602

5

0705

XDIR

0402

REG

00

0000

REDIR

0405

REG

00

0000

+

0600

7

0707

•

0712

2

0702

+

0600

STOP

0515

Flags tell

the

700

where

to

start

its calculations.

They

indicate

the

destination

of

a

SEARCH

command.

In

the

SEARCH

command,

2

keystrokes

are

required:

SEARCH

followed

byasecond

keystroke

which

identifies

the

flag

or

mark

to

find.

Thus,

the

operating

procedure

for

the

above

program

would

be:

Key X;

SEARCH

1

and

the

operations

between

MARK

1

and

the

STOP

command

would

be

executed

in

sequence.

4-2

Section

IV

Programming Concepts

Generally,

the

numeric

keys 0,

1,2,...

9 are used as flags

or

markers for starting

general programs. However,

any

programmable

key

on

the

700

keyboard

can

be usedasa

name

or

marker. A program can

start

withaMARK

eX

and

to

locate this mark, simply

SEARCH

eX.

It

shouldbeclear

that

when

the

MARK

and

SEARCH keys are indexed the

calculator

interprets

the

next·

keystroke

as

a nameorflag

and

not

as

any

other

type

of

operation. When a SEARCH X

command

is given

the

700

searches

through

coretolocate

the designated marker.

If

on

scanning coreitdoesn't

find

the

mark,

the

program

stops

and

the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR

goes

on

indicating

thereisno

such

mark

in core.

x

2

STOP

1T

/

-------

MARK

,

t

x

2

2

SEARCH

3

MARK

t

SEARCH

2

MARK

1

The

program for evaluating the poly-

nomial follows a linear sequence

of

steps.

The

program

executes

step

000,

then

001,

then

002,

and

so

on

through

to

the

last step. However, the Wang

700

does

not

havetofollow a linear sequence

of

steps.

ltis

possihle for

the

700

to

start

executing

commands

from step 025

and go

through

to

step

052,

then

jump

to

step

075

ignoring all·

the

commands

between

step

052

and

075.

To

break

out

of

a linear sequenceofsteps

andtojump

about

in a program is called branching.

Both

conditional

and

unconditional

branching are possible

on

the

700.

The

SEARCH

and

MARK

commands

are

used respectively for branching and

for

defining

the

destinationofa branch.

4-3

Section

IV

Programming Concepts

.

.

:;

1.

PRIME; SEARCH l

2. Key X,

GO

Repeat2for

all x

3. SEARCH 2

-

Read~xin X
Read N in Y

4. GO

Read

~X2

in X

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

4-4

1

0

s::

t

0

......

STDIR

......

C':l

N

REG

00

......

.....

C':l

STDIR

.....

....

.....

s::

REG

01

.......

MARK
0808
STOP

+DIR

REG

00

~x

x

2

0..

+DIR

0
0

REG

01

~X2

....:l

1

+

n

.. --

SEARCH

0808
MARK
2
REDIR
REG

00

VJ

STOP

~x

......

.....

;:l

REDIR

uo

Q)

~

REG

01

STOP

~X2

A.Tofind A

==

1Tr

2

: Index r SEARCH 1

The

program

starts

by

squaring r and

putting

the

result

in

Y,

it

then

branches

to

MARK 2 ignoring all commands untilitencounters

the

designated flag,

and

then

multiplies r2by1Tfor

the

final result in Y.

B.

To

find C

==

21Tr:

Index

r SEARCH 3

The

program ignores

the

commands preceding MARK 3 and

startsbyputting

r in Y

and

multiplyingitby

2.Itthen

branchestoMARK 2 ignoring all

commands

until

it

encounters

the

designated flag,

and

then

multiplies2rby1Tfor

the

final result in Y.

As this program demonstrates,

the

SEARCH

command

canbepartofa program,orcan

be

keyedinby

the

operator,orboth.Ineither

case,

upon

encountering

this

command

the

program branches immediately

to

the

designated

k.

MARK and SEARCH

commands

can

be located

at

any

pointorstepinthe

program.

The

program

on

the

preceding page evaluates A==1fr2or

C==21fr,

depending

on

which

steps are

executedinthe

pro~ram.

MARK

",,,,,,",,,_'-"'

__

~"'.'''-:';~'__':~''

"-,-c,-,y'-

""''-

'_'

..

-_'-~.-'''~-':~''

:

..

,..:.,.~':;:

,:,-- _

'-"_-"~~-;-;-;:.-';-._~'.:",

-,-_

..

_--~-

..-.-

•••.. _.•_.-._,,--

_~--_

..

,.-

--.---~---

-'-"--

.-~

..

""---'"----'

."

..

"'~--~.,."'"'.,;_.,.,,._

..."'",--',

_.,

"'.'.-,>,"-

--'

.....'..

-

-

~

':-

'-'

,

,:

f

L;

,

..

l

Section

IV

Programming Concepts

The

program

on

the

preceding

page

further

illustrates

the

ideaofbranching

and

intro-

duces

the

important

conceptoflooping.

The

program

computes

the

statistical

sums;~xand

~

x2for

any

number

of

x values.

The

first

set

of

instructions

initializes

the

registers

by

storing 0 inY,Register

000,

and

Register

001.

The

second

partofthe

program

formsaloop

which

accumulates

the~xinRegister 000,~x2in

Register 001,

and

the

numberofpoints

enteredinthe

V-Register.

The

same

operations

are

performed

on

each

x-value.

The

program

exits

from

the

loop

when

a SEARCH 2

command

is given.

The

final

setofinstructions

recalls

the

answerstothe

displaY.

SUBROUTINE

Another

idea

closely

relatedtobranchingisthe

conceptofa

subroutine.Asubroutine

is a

partofa

program(asub-program)

which

appears

several

times

within

the

overall

program.

Subroutine

capability

allows

the

program

to

branch

to

a specified

routine,

perform

the

calculations,

and

then

return

from

where

the

program

originally

branched.

On

the

700, a single

keystrokeisneededtobranchtoa

subroutine.Aset

of64operation

codes is reserved

for

this

purpose.

They

consistofthe

64

combinations

which

occur

when

the

high-order

digitofthe

4 digit

code

assumes

the

values 00, 01, 02,

and

03. A

complete

listofthese

codes

is given in

Table

1.

~

0000 0100

0200 0300

0001 0101

0201 0301

0002

0102 0202

0302

0003 0103

0203

0303

0004

0104 0204

0304

0005 0105

0205 0305

0006 0106

0206 0306

0007 0107

0207

0307

0008 0108

0208 0308

0009

0109

0209 0309

0010

0110

0210 0310

0011

0111

0211 0311

0012

0112

0212 0312

0013

0113

0213 0313

0014

0114

0214 0314

0015

0115

0215 0315

TABLE

1

EXAMPLE:

Calculate

the

following

for

Z

5x

2

+6x+ 3

Z =

~

~-

v!5

y2 +

6y

+ 3

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS:

INDEXXSEARCH

0

Y

GO

Read

Z in Y

4-5

Section

IV

Programming Concepts .

SUBROUTINE

,

STEP KEY

CODE

MARK
0200

000

MARK

0408

STDIR

001 0

0700

REG

00

002

SR

0200

0200

x

2

003

t

0604

ST

DIR

004

CLEAR

X

REG

01

005

STOP

5

006

SR

0200

XDIR

007

n

REG

01

008

•

-

•

6

009

CLEAR

X

XDIR

010

STOP

REG

00
REDIR
REG

00

+DIR

REG

01

3

+DIR

I

REG

01

iRE

DIR

REG

01

RETURN

When

the

first

0200

command

is

encountered

at

step

002,

the

program

branches

to

MARK

0200.

At

the

RETURN

command,

the

program

branches

back

to

step

003

and

continues

on

with

the

program.

At

the

second

0200

command,

the

program

again

branches

to

the

subroutine

defined by

MARK

0200.

However,

at

the

RETURN

command

the

program

branches

backtostep 007.

Thereisno

limittothe

numberoftimes a

subroutine

can be addressed and

executed.

The

SR

preceding

the

command

in

the

KEY

column

is

simply a

mnemonic

device indicating

to

the

reader

thatasubroutine

is being addressed.

It

should be

noted

that

the

subroutine

addressed

through

oneofthe64designated

codes

in

Table1is

precededbya

MARK

XXXXofthat

same

code

and

terminatedbya

RETURN

command;

otherwise,

the

calculator

will

not

know

whentoreturntothe

spot

from

which

it

originally branched.

The64codes

listed in

TableIdo

not

necessarily havetodefine a

subroutine.

They

can

be

used

as regular

marks

and

would

then

be addressed by

the

2-step

command

SEARCH

XXXX. However, it

is

generally

considered

wiser

to

reserve these

codes

exclusively for

defining su

brou

tines.

4-6

Section

IV

Programming Concepts

MULTI-LEVEL

SUBROUTINES

(OraSubroutine

within

a Subroutine)

On

the

WANG

700,

multi

-level

subroutines

are possible. What

does

this mean? An

example will

best

illustrate this

concept.

In

the

polar

conversion in

the

TRIG

PACK,

the

following formula is usedtofind

e= tan-I y

-

x

Therefore,

the

polar

conversion

subroutine

addresses

the

TAN-I X

subroutine.

This means

the

700

must

remember

what

step

to

branch

back

to

after

each

of

the

two

RETURN

commands

are

executed.

The

700A

is capable

of

remembering2return

addresses. Thus,ithas a

double

- level

subroutine

capability. 700B is capable

of5return

addresses,

thusithas a five level sub-

routine

capability. Figure 2 illustrates this

concept

graphically.

The

program

branches

to

subroutine,itimmediately

branches

to

this routine,

executesitand

on

encountering

the

RETURN

command,

branches

backtothe

polar

conversion

routine

whichitcontinues

to

execute. When

the

second

RETURN

commandisencountered,

control

branches backtothe

main

program

and

the

remaining steps are

executed.

USER

PROGRAM

To

Polar

Subroutine

MARK

o

MARK

TO

POLAR

4-7

MARK
TAN-I X

SUBROUTINE

WITHIN

SUBROUTINE

,'-

1

;-

,

,

Section V

Decision Commands

SECTION V

DECISION COMMANDS

DECISIONS

The

Wang

700

has

four

decisionsitcan perform.

They

are usedtocheck

for

the existence

of

certain conditions.Ifthe

conditionismet,

the

program skips the

next

two

steps.Ifthe

conditionisnot

met,

the

program

executes

the

next

step.

The

four

commands

are SKIP

IF

Y =X,SKIPIFY

;;;,

X, SKIP

IF

Y < X,

and

SKIPIFERROR.

11)

SkipifY=X

This

command

checkstoseeifthe

value in the Y-Register and X-Register are equal.IfY

= X

the

program

skips

the

next

two

steps.IfY does

not

equal X the

program

continues

with

the

next

step.

As a simple example:

Path

for

STEP

KEY

Path

for

Y*X

000

MARK

Y=X

001

0

002

SKIP Y = X

Executes

003

3

SKIPS STEPS

Steps 3 & 4

004

STOP

3&4

005

4

006

STOP

!

This program will

put

3 in

the

X-RegisterifYisnot

equaltoX, and a 4 in XifY =

X.

NOTE

In testing for

the

condition

Y = X, the

programmer

should

keep

in mind the

necessity for absolute

equalityofthe

numbers

in X and Y. A

condition

which is

not

ordinarily

found

in analytical

cqmputations.

Discrepancies

often

occur

between

the

true

value

and

the calculated valueofa number.

Illustration:

Calculate Y

=B]x

3 ; 1

5 -1

Section V

Decision Commands

If

a Iisplaced in X

and

the

command

SKIPIFY = Xisgiven,

the

calculator

will

treat

the numbers as being unequal. Any good

book

on

numerical analysis

gives a full discussion

on

these discrepancies which

occur

in

approximation

theory.

(2)

Skip

if Y

;"

X

This

command

checkstoseeifthe

value in the V-Registerisequaltoor

greater

than

the

value in

the

X-Register.

In the program

below:

~~_~

If

Y ;;. X

the

value j y

2

+ X

2

is

calculated.

If

Y < X

the

value (Y + Xl2is

calculated.

Path

MARK

Path

MARK

ForY;"

X

0

Y<

X

0800

SKIP

y;;>

X

+

SEARCH

)

0800

x'

x'

STOP

( )

x'

+

)

-.IX

STOP

5-2

Section V

Decision Commands

13)

Skip

if

Y < X

If

the

value in Y is less

than

the

value in

X,

the

program

skips

the

next

two

steps.

Irthe

value

in Y is

equaltoor

greater

thanX,the

next

program

stepisexecuted.

Loop

MARK

o

)

I

ST

DlR

REG

00
MARK
0800

)

XDIR

REG

00

I

Calculate

N' for N > a

Key N;

SEARCH

a

This

program

calculates

the

value

N!

for

all N >

O.

N is

used

asacounter

and

is also used

to

generate

the

productN(N-I)

(N-2)

..

1~N!

SKIP Y <

X--,

SEARCH

'----0800

REDIR

----'

REG

00

STOP

When

Y<X

Exits
from

Loop

(4)

SkipifError

The

final decision

command

SKIP IF

ERROR

canbeusedina

varietyofwaystocheck

for

certain

conditions

(see page 2-8toreview

what

operations

turn

the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR

on).

Testing

for

these

conditions

turns

the

program

indicator

off.

The

following

program

distinguishes

between

positive

and

negative

numbers.Ifthe

numberinX

is positive,

the

program

will

branchtoMARK

0800.Ifitisnegative,

the

program

finds

the

IXI

and

stops.

5·3

Section V

Decision Commands

MARK

o

If

x < 0 value in x

remains

unchanged,

JX

command

simply

turns

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR

Note:

SEARCH

0800

SKIPIFERROR

Path

for x

;;.

0

BranchtoMARK

0800

IXI

STOP

Path

for

x<O

011.

The

following program uses the SKIPIFERROR

command

to

calculate

the

number

of

data

registers a program occupies

on

the

Wang 700.Italso illustrates the

INTEGER

X

command.

MARK

o

I

6

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

I.

Key

numberofprogram steps,

SEARCH

O.

2.

Read

numberofdata

registers

occupied,

in Y.

I

INT

X

x

STOP

()

\/x

SKIPIFERROR

If

there

is

a

remainder

I

after

divid- { +

ing by

16, 2

the

number

in Y

must
be increased
by

I.

Pathifthere

is a

remainder

of0after

dividing by

16.

Division

by0turns

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR

on.

Indicatoristurned

off

when

SKIP

IF

ERROR

command

is

executed.

PROGRAMMING

TECHNIQUES

Looping Using a Counter

Looping

is an

important

programming tool.

The

decision

commands

are

most

frequently

5-4

Section V

Decision Commands

usedtosetuploops

within

programs.

Counters

are setupto

"count"

the

numberoftimes

a

calculation is

performed.

Suppose

the

sum

Y = x + x2+ x3+....+ xnistobe calculated

for

various valuesofx.

The

program

below sets up a

looptocalculate this

sum

for

any

numberofterms.

The

valueofn

determines

how

many

terms in

the

sum will be

calculated.

MARK

Key X

OPERA

TlNG

INSTRUCTIONS

0

Key x

SEARCH

0

ST

DlR

Initializes

KeyN

GO

REG

00

Registers

Read x in V-Register

~

xnin X-Register

I

Tounderstand

the

method

used

ST

DlR

in

the

program,

Rewrite the

REG

01

sum as Y =To+ T j + T 2 +

...

Tn

0

where

To

= x

ST

DJR

T

j

= xT

o

T,=xT

j

REG

02

Tn=xT

rn

STOP Key n

The

program

starts

the

sum

with

x

t

counter

in Y

and

uses

the

recursive

formula

MARK

x

(x

n-l

)

to

calculate

each

successive

0800

term. N is used as a

counter.

The

RE

DIR

x

program

performs

the

same calculation

REG

00

n times.

Each

time

the

loopisexecuted

the

counter

is decreased by1.When

XDJR

N = 0

the

loopisterminated

and

the

REG

OJ

x(x

n-1

)

final

sumisdisplayed.

~

RE

DlR

<1)

E

"

REG

01

.~

x

~

"

Vol

+DJR

-0

-0

<1)

"

REG

02

~xn

E

'"

~

"

<2

x

1

Decrease N

~

~

"

<1)

by

J

0-

-

~

~

'"

.-

-

SKIP

Y<X

Exits

from

"

0-

u

0

-

loop

when

0

'"

SEARCH

-l

u

N=O

0800
RE

DlR

REG

00

)

REDIR
REG

02

STOP

5·5

Section V
Decision Commands

Another

slightly different

counterisfound

in the program which stores

O'sinthe

first

100 storage registers.

In

this example,

the

counterisconstantly

increasing

untilitreaches

a valueof100.Italso serves to designate

the

storage register being addressed.

I

,

~-MARK

o

o

ST

INDIR

I

+

I

o
o

SKIP Y =

X-

SEARCH

L---O

STOP

__

-'

PRIME
SEARCH 0

Looping

WithoutaCounter

Often

thereisno

way to predetermine exactly

the

number

of

times a loopisto

be

performed.

Other

criteria have to be used.

EXAMPLE

In calculating the following sum for X > I

1+

l

x

2

+

_1

x

4

+

_I

x

6

+

....

+

I

x

20

'

for specified accuracy the

number

of

terms

to

be calculated

depends

on the valueofx.

However,itis

obvious

that

each successive term gets smaller

and

smaller

and

eventually

approaches zero.If12 digitsofaccuracy are needed,

the

calculation can be carried

out

until

the

last term gets

so

small

that

it does

not

materially

affect

the

overall sum. This

occurs'

when

the

term

becomes smaller

than

10- 11 and

the

overall sum on the

700

no longer

changes its value when a termisadded to it.

To

write the program. itisconvenienttorewrite the series

as

S=To+T1+T2+

....

+TnwhereTo= 1

T,=-'zT

o

x

5-6

Section V

Decision Commands

MARK

PRIME. Key X, SEARCH 0

. -

0

X

2

ST DIR
REG

02

I

ST

DIR

REG

01

I

MARK

0800

•

REDIR

U"l

0

REG

02

~

~

.-

.;.

DIR

~

-0

-0

REG

01

'"

-0

REDIR

"

'"

"

REG

01

Exchanges

Tn

E-

(

)

~

and Stosave

"

~

previous

S.

'"

+

-

;:l

'"

SKIP Y = X

Exits

-

'"

U

from

loop

SEARCH

0800

when

addition

of

term

no

STOP

longer affects

sum.

The

program calculates

the

sum

k I

~

to

12 significant digits

X

n

n=O

for any valueofx.

The

loopisperformed

many

more

times

fat

a smaller valueofx than it

would

be for a larger valueofx, simply because the series converges faster

for

large values

of

x.

In all cases

when

Tn

<

10-

1

I,

the loop is

terminated

and

the

final sum is displayedinx

and

y.Ifonly three digitsofaccuracy were needed,

each

successive term could be

compared

to

10-

3

; and

when

Tn

<

10-3,the

loop

could be

terminated.

5·7

Scanning a Table

Section V
Decision Commands

When given

the

number

of

itemstobe

purchased,

this

program

calculates

the

discount

figure

whichifmultipliedbythe

unit

price calculates

total

cost.

0%
10%
13%
15%

DISCOUNT

Read

discount

figure in Y,

number

of

items

in X.

Key N =

numberofitemstobe
purchased

SEARCH

0

o

to

10

11to25

26to50

over 50

QUANTITY

BRANCH
For

11

<;;N<;;

25

BRANCH
For

26

<;;N<;;

50

---1

5-8

BRANCH
ForN

<;;

10

MARK

o

t

I

ST

DIR

REG

00

I

1

SKIP

Y;;;' X

SEARCH

0800

o

3

-

DIR

REG

00

5

I

SKIP Y;;;' X
SEARCH

0800

I

-DIR
REG

00

2

6

SKIP Y;;;' X
SEARCH

0800

Another

frequent

use

for

the

decision

commandisto

scan a tableorschedule.Inmany

situations,

calculationsorformulas vary with

the

classorrange

the

input

variable lies in.

A typical

exampleisthe

pricingofarticles.

Discounts

are

often

allowed accordingtothe

numberofarticles purchased. Below is a schedule for

quantity

discounts.

N>

50

Go

o

2

-

DIR

REG 00

MARK

0800

-----------'
REDIR
REG 00

()

x

STOP

Section V

Decision Commands

The GO keyisusedtocontinue

the program at

the

next

step

after

the

STOP

instruction. One

important

technique

that

should be

pointed

outisthe

idea

of

using

the

GO

command

as a do

nothingorno-operation instruction.

EXAMPLE

If

two

angles are unequal,

we

want

to find the sineofthe

angle in X

and

use

the

sineofthis angle in

future

calculations.Ifthe

two angles are equal, the angle itself

will be used

for

future

calculations.

The

program would

be

similar

to

the

following:

Executes

subroutine

if

y l' x

and

returns

to

Step

004

STEP

000
001
002

003

004
005
006
007
008
009

KEY

MARK

0700
SKIP Y = X

---,

SR

0002

(sinx)

GO

IXI

-------'

t

7T

x

5·9

JumpstoStep

005

ify

= x

Section V

Decision Commands

If

the

angles are unequal,

the

command

SR

0002

tells the program to

execute

the

sine subroutine. Upon

completionofthe subroutine, the program branches back

to step 004.

At

this point, we do

not

wishtoperform

any

operation

because the

SKIP

command

will skip

two

program stepsifthe

conditionismet.

We

want 10

perform the same calculation on

the

variable in X

whetheritis

the

sineofthe

angle

or

the

angle itself.

Therefore,

a

GO

commandisplaced in step

004

which

simply tells

the

program

to

continue

on

to

the

next

step.Inthis way,

the

GO

command

can be used

as

a no-operation

command

which simply causes the

program to

continueonwithout

changingordestroying

any

values.

'1

I

J

•

,

.

J

~

,

0,

,

,

::

,

j

Section VI

Programming Techniques

SECTION

VI

PROGRAMMING

TECHNIQUES

USING TAPE CASSETTE

TAPE CASSETTE

Programs are saved

on

standard

4"

x 2

1/2"x1/2"

magnetic tape cassettes for

later

use.

Upto20

blocksofprograms can be savedonone

tape cassette. The

tape

cassette consists

of

two tracks and each

track

can

accommodate

ten

"program

blocks."

INSERTING TAPE CASSETTE

6-1

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

TAPE

DRIVE

OPERATIONS

I

R'I.''''

II 'OfI"ASIb I I<

••

,n

RlAbyIIl\£M'm

I

0000

----

0000

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0

G

B

There

are

four

basic

buttons

associated with

the

tape-drive mechanism.

I. The RELEASE

button

allows

the

operatortoremoveorinsert his

tape

cassette.

2.

The

FORWARD

button

moves

the

tape in a forward direction

when

depressed.

3.

The

TAPE-READY

button

should

be

pushed when

the

700isto

execute

a tape

instruction. This

button

places

the

headofthe tape readcrincontact

with

the

tape.

4. The REWIND

button

rewinds the tape when depressed.

MACHINE ERROR

INDICATOR

A MACHINE

ERROR

INDICATOR is

located

just

to

the

right

of

the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR.Ifdataisnot

transferred properly fromorto

the

tape,

the

light will

go

on

and

the

signofthe

X register flashes. This indicates

that

the

information

has

not

been

transferred properly

and

the

operation

should be repeated. This flashing light should NOT

be confused

with

the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR

located

justtoits

left

(See page

2-8). PRIME will

turn

both

error indicators off.

6·2

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

HOW

CANAPROGRAM

BE PROTECTED ONCEITIS PUT ON TAPE?

Thereisno

need

to

"erase"

the

tape. A new program will simply write over

the

old

program.Toinsure

that

a good

program

storedontape is

not

written

overorlost accidently.

each track

of

tape canbeprotected.

TAPE

PROTECfOR

FOR

SIDE I

REMOVAL OF PLASTIC INSERT
PROTEC.'S SIDE I OF

THE

TAPE.

TAPE PROTECTOR FOR SIDE 2

REMOVALOFPLASTIC

INSERT'~~~

PROTECTS SIDE 2 OF THE TAPE.

Figure I

Figure I shows a top-view

of

the tape cassette. There are

two

small openings with a small

plastic covering shown in Figure

1.

When this small plastic coveringisremoved,

nothing

can

be recorded

ontoorerased

from

one

sideofthe

tape.

Once the plastic

is

removed, a pieceoftape can be usedtocover the openingifthe

tape

is

to be used for recording

other

programs.

WHAT

IS A

PROGRAM

BLOCK?

A program block consistsofany

partofa program

(Upto960

steps) which can be loaded

into

core at

one

time.Itmust be

terminated

by an END PROGRAM instruction.Ifan END

PROGRAM

instructionisnot

given and

the

RECORD PROGRAM keyisindexed, the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR will goonafter transferring allofcoretothe

tape.

In this instance,

the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR goes

on

because

there

is an error

in

programming (Le.,noEND PROGRAM)

and

not

a machine malfunction.

A program

block

must

contain:

1.

960

program stepsorless.

2.An

END PROGRAMasa final instruction.

NOTE

If

a program is

960

sleps, Ihe

END

PROGRAM

is locatedatstep

959. Even

though the

END

PROGRAM

commandisnot

missing. the

PROGRAM

ERROR

iNDiCA

TOR

will go

on

when this program is transferredtotape.ifthisisthe

case (i.e., a

960

step

program),

simply

PRIME

and

ignore the

PROGRAM

ERROR

iNDiCATOR.

6-3

~,

.",

.

.'

Lc

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

END

PROGRAM

The

END

PROGRAM

key defines a

"program

block."Itis

usedtosignal

the

endofa

RECORD

PROGRAM

or

LOAD

PROGRAM

operation.

An

END

PROGRAM

command

is

the

last instruction to be transferred in a

RECORD

PROGRAM

or

LOAD

PROGRAM

instruction. Therefore, each program mustbeterminatedbyan END

PROGRAM

command

ifitistobe

transferred

onto

tape.

It

is

recommended

that

only

one

END

PROGRAM

instructionbeloaded

into

coreatany

one

time.

The

primary reason for thisisduetothe

VERIFY

PROGRAM

instruction. When

the

VERIFY

PROGRAM

keyisindexed, the

700

always starts summingatstep

000

and

continues

until an END

PROGRAM

instructionisencountered. Therefore,ifadditional

programming instructions are

located

after

the

END

PROGRAM,

they

will

notbeincluded

in

the

sum generated by

the

VERIFY

PROGRAM

instruction. Therefore,

when

adding

additional programming steps, write over

the

END

PROGRAM

instruction. This can

be

accomplished

quite

easily

ifitis

remembered

that

the

PC

is

settothe

step

that

the

END

PROGRAM

instruction occupies

after

a VERIFY

PROGRAM

has

been

executed.

Therefore,

after

indexing VERIFY PROGRAM, simply index

LOAD

PROGRAM

to

load

the

additional

stepsorswitch

to

LEARN

MODE

and

start

indexing them.

Always

remember

to

end

your

program with an END

PROGRAM

instruction.

This

instruction

is required

for

transferring

the

program

from

corctotape.

NOTE

An

END

PROGRAM

command

must

not

be preceded

by

a program code

whose high-order digit

is 04. Logically,

an

instruction whose program

code

is

04XX

would

never precede

an

END

PROGRAM

command. (See code listing

page

3-1.)

One

instance which

might

occuristhe

following:

PROGRAM

•

•

•

MARK

0402

•

•

•

SEARCH

0402

ENDPROG

If

the

above program were loaded in core, the program

would

execute

properly.

However,

if

the

program were to

be

transferred

from

core

to

tape

the

END

PROGRAM

instruction

would

not

be recognized

as

an

"END PROGRAM"

command.

Allofcore wouldbetransferred to tape

and

the

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR

would be turned on indicating there was

no

END PROGRAM

terminating

the

program block.

6-4

r

!

i

f

I

t

[

I

,

t

!

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

HOWTO"LEARN"APROGRAM

INTO

CORE

FROM

THE

KEYBOARD

A programisrecorded

into

core by

the

following:

I..Place

the

700

in LEARN MODE.

2.

SET

PC

at the desired step where

the

first program

command

willbestored.

3. Index

the

program commands.

Remember

to

always

end

your

program

with

an END PROGRAM instruction. This

instruction

is

required

for

transferring

the

program from coretotape.

EXAMPLE

Program

to

find

C:

C

~

.j

a'+b'

(Pythagorean

Theorem)

i'

STEP KEY CODE
000

MARK

0408

Key a

l'

001 a

0700

SEARCH

a

•

002

x'

0713

Key b

GO

"~

003

t

0604

Read c in X

','

',c.

004

STOP

0515

,

005

x'

0713

•

·

006

+

0600

.

j

••

007

0605

'-

008

VX

0612

009

STOP 0515

010

END PROGRAM

0512

The following

instructions

will

introduce

the

above program

into

core:

1.

Place

700

in LEARN MODE.

2.

SET

PCtothe

step

you

want

the

first program

command

to occupy.

(To

put

the

first

program

commandatStep

000, SET PC 0 0 0.)

NOTE

An easy waytoset the PCat000isby depressing

the

PRIME

key.

6·5

...

Section VI

Programming Techniques

3.

Now

simply index

the

program

commands

MARK

o

x'

t

STOP

x'

+

I

vx

STOP
END PROGRAM

Notice while

the

program is

introduced

into

core

the

PC displays

the

program

skI'

number

and

program code

currently

locatedatthis step. Indexing a key causes

the

progr;1I11

codeofthe

keystroketoreplace

the

existent code.

ThePCis

increased by

one

and

displ"y·.

the

next

step

and

current

code.

To

see what is

now

loaded

into

core beginningatstep OUII.

PRIME

and

step

through

your

program.

KEYSTROKE

PRIME
STEP

STEP

000
001
002

READINX

04

07
07

08

00

13

The above indicates

that

MARKisnow

stored at

Step

000, 0 at

Step

001,

x2at

OU'.I

To

execute

the

program, place

the

700inRUN MODE

Key a = 3 SEARCH 0
Key

b=

4 GO

Read c = 5 in X

By stepping

through

the

program in RUN MODE, each step willbeexecuted

Olll'

ski'

.1

time.InLEARN MODE the program is

not

executed. While stepping

through

th"

I"·..·'

.

in

RUN

MODE, one can see

the

step

number

and program codeofthe

instructiol1

:Ii,,·,,'

.

be

executedifthe

700isplaced in LEARN MODE. Simply

remembertoput

the'

ilill

1

in

RUN

MODE before indexing

the

STEP

key;

otherwise, the

instruction

will

11..1

executed.

HOWTOTRANSFER

A PROGRAM FROM CORE TO TAPE

RECORD PROGRAM

A program can be stored for later use on a magnetic tape.
To

transfer

a program from core to tape:

I.

Place

700

in RUN MODE.

2.

Insert

the

Tape cassette;

push

TAPE READY

button.

6·6

t.

!

Section VI

Programming Techniques

3.

SETPCto the first stepofthe

program.

(For

the

above

example

simply depress PRIME key.)

4.

Index

RECORD

PROGRAM key, and all

the

steps from where

thePCis

setupto

and

including END PROGRAM will be loaded

onto

the

tape.

(For

this example, Steps

000

to

010

are transferredtotape.)

NOTE

RECORDING

DATA

Pairs

of

data storage registers can be recorded

on

magnetic lape

for

later use.

See

diagram (page 3-4). To transfer data

from

core to tape:

(J)

Place700RUNMODE

(2)

Insert

Cassette,

push

TAPE

READY

(3)

SET

PCtoprogram

step

number

corresponding to

the

data registers.

An

END

PR

OGRAM

command

must

be

located

immediately

following

the

data.

(4)

RECORD

PROG

The

same

procedure to

load

the data in

any

pairofregisters is used,

except

LOAD

PROG

replaces

RECORD

PROGinstep

(4).

HOWTOLOAD

A PROGRAM FROM TAPE INTO CORE

The

LOAD

PROGRAM

key transfers a program block on magnetic

tape

to

core.

The

procedureisto set

the

PC

and index

the

LOAD PROGRAM key.

The

first program

command

located

on

the

tapeisthen

storedinthe

step designated by

the

PC

and

the

program

continues

loading

until

an END PROGRAM

instructionisencountered.

The

END

PROGRAM

instruction

is the last step to be loaded

into

core. When the

loading

is termi-

nated,

thePCis

automatically

set to

the

first step

just

loaded

into

core.

In general,

four

steps are required

for

loading a program:

1.

Place

700

in RUN MODE.

2.

Insert

Tape

Cassette, push

TAPE

READY

button.

3.

SETPCto

first stepincore

that

program will

occupy.

4.

Index

LOAD PROGRAM.

Since

ten

program blocks can be saved on

one

sideofa

tape

cassette,

what

happens

if

the

third

blockisdesired?

If

the

third

blockistobeloaded

beginningatStep

000:

1.

Place

700

in RUN MODE.

2.

Insert

tape

cartridge, REWIND

tape

completely,

push

TAPE

READY

button.

3.

PRIME (Sets PCtoStep 000).

4.

Index

LOAD PROGRAM (loads Ist

block

and

sets PCto000).

LOAD PROGRAM (loads

2nd

block and sets PCto000).

LOAD PROGRAM (loads

3rd

block

and

setsPCto

000).

The

third

block

on

the

tapeisnOw

loaded

into

core

and

is ready

to

be executed.

Normally,

the

sequenceofsteps to follow in

loading

the

nth

blockofthe

tape

into

core

I'(0index

the

LOAD PROGRAM key

"n"

.times.Asa final check,

the

VERIFY

PROGRAM

6·7

+DlR

PROCEDURE FOR

CORRECTING

SINGLE

PROGRAM

STEPS

BYPASSING

PROGRAM

BLOCKS

,

;.;,

J

1

'4

1

1

"

•

I

J

The

correct

step+DIRisnow located
at Step 023. In a similar way, any
step in core can be directly assessed

using the SET PC

key

and

the correct

step

keyed in.

The

fourth

blockoftapeisnow stored in core and

only

registers

000

and00I

have

been altered.

Section VI

Programming Techniques

In

some instances, loading the preliminary program blocksona tape will

destroy

parts

of

core which

must

be saved.

The

problem arises astohowtobypass a

program

block

without

loading

it

into

core

and

destroying

data

which will

be

needed

for

later

calculations.

If

the

PCissetto944

and

the

LOAD PROGRAM key indexed,

the

program will only

load

into

Steps

944to959.Ifthe programisgreater

than

16 steps, it will

continue

loading

within those steps

(944to959).

In

other

words, when a program exceeds

Step

959 in

core,

the

remaining

part

of

the

program is simply loaded

over

itselfinthe

first

two

data

registers

000

and

OOL

The PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR will goonwhen

this occurs.

Therefore,

by

destroying only

the

contents

of

Registers

000

and

001,

the

first three

blocks

of

tape

canbebypassed.

L Load

tape

and

place

700

in RUN MODE:

2. SET PC 9 4 4.

3. LOAD PROGRAM (bypasses Ist block)
LOAD PROGRAM (bypasses

2nd

block)

LOAD PROGRAM (bypasses

3rd

block).

4. PRIME

(to

turn

off

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR).

5. SET PCtofirst

step

that

the

desired program will occupy.

NOTE

If

the programisto be loaded beginning at

Step

000. PRIME

will

have already set

the PC to 000.

key can

be

indexed

and

the

verify program

number

checked

to

be completely sure

the

correct

programisloaded. The

VERIFY

PROGRAM key starts summing from

Step

000

untilitencountersanEND PROGRAM instruction.

It

is

quite easytocorrect any

partofa

700

program. Suppose

the

following program to

accumulate

the

sum

Lx

in Register28and

Lx'

in Register 29isloaded

into

core as shown.

STEP KEY CODE Notice

at

Step

023

the-DIR

key has

020

MARK

0408

been

entered

by mistake. Correcting

021 I 0701 this

error

requires

three

steps:

022

STOP

05J5

1.

Place 700 in LEARN MODE.

023

-

DlR

0401 7.

SetPCat

steptobe corrected:

024

REG 28

0708

SET

PC

0 2 3

025

x'

0713

3. Index correct-key:

026

+

DlR

0400

027

REG 29

0209

028

SEARCH

0407

029

I 0701

030

END PROGRAM

0512

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

PROCEDURE FOR

INSERTING

EXTRA

PROGRAM

STEPS

Suppose

a 400

step

program

has been

introduced

into

core

and

three

steps

which

occur

in

the

middleofthe

program

have been

omitted.

These steps can be

inserted

without

having

to

key in

the

entire

program

again. Using

the

same program as

on

the

previous page, suppose

the

two

steps I +

should

appear

between

Steps

021

and

022

to

indicate

which

x is

about

to

be

entered.

The

procedure

for

inserting

the

steps is as follows:

1.

Insertatape

cartridge. REWIND

tape

completely,

and

push

TAPE

B-EADY.

2.

SET

PC 0 2 2

RECORD

PROGRAM. (This

instruction

saves

the

second

halfofthe

program,

Steps

022to030,

by

transferring these stepstotape.

The

PC is

settoStep

022

when

the

instructioniscompleted.)

3.

Be sure 700 is in

LEARN

MODE and

index

the

stepstobe

inserted:

1

(LoadedatStep

022, PC increasesto023.)

+

(LoadedatStep

023, PC increasesto024.)

(Notice

that

the

added

steps are loaded

into

coreatthe

proper

place

because

the

PC

is

settothe

first

instruction

transferredtotapebythe

RECORD

PROGRAM

instruction.)

4.

Put

700 in

RUN

MODE, REWIND tape,

and

push

TAPE

READY.

5.

LOAD

PROGRAM

(The

steps savedonthe

tape

are

now

loaded

into

core beginning

at

Step

024.)

The

extra

steps have been

inserted

and

the

programisreadytobe

executed.

The

program

appears in core as

illustrated:

STEP

KEY

CODE

020

MARK

0408

021

1

0701

0)2

1

0701

023

+ 0600

0)4

STOP 0515

025

+DlR

0400

026

REG 28

0208

027

x'

0713

028

+

DlR

0400

029

REG

29

0209

030

SEARCH

0407

031

1

0701

032 END

PROGRAM

0512

PROGRAMMING

TECHNIOUES

USING TAPE CASSETTE

An

interesting

feature

of

the

LOAD

PROGRAM

keyisthat

it is

programmable.

This

allows

different

parts

ofaprogram

to

use

the

same place in

memoryatdifferent

times.

When a LOAD

PROGRAM

instructionisencountered

in a program, the

next

program block

is

loaded

into

core beginningatthe step

immediately

following

the

LOAD PROGRAM

command.

Immediately

after

the

END PROGRAM

instructionisloaded,

control

switches

to

the first

instruction

loaded

and

the

programisexecuted.

To

take advantageofthis

commandaloop

hastobe formed.

An

example

illustrates this

idea.

6·9

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

EXAMPLE

-'-'Wf

,

PROGRAM IN CORE

PROGRAM ON TAPE

Step

#

000
001
002

003
004
005
006

COMMAND

MARK

a

LOAD PROG
END PROG

2

t

+

I

ST

DIR

REG 00

SEARCH

a

ENDPROG

3

t

+

I

+

DIR

REG

00
STOP
ENDPROG

This program will illustrate

how

to use

the

LOAD PROGRAM

instruction

in

programming and also

points

out

the

importance

and need for

the

END PROGRAM

instruction.

The

program consistsofthree partsorblocks.

The

first

partisloaded

into

core

and consistsoffour instructions.

The programisstarted

by a SEARCH 0 from

the

keyboard. The LOAD PROGRAMisthe

first instruction.

The

700 immediately starts loading the

next

program block

into

core.

After

the

LOAD PROGRAM

instructionisexecuted,

core will

look

like

the

following:

STEP

COMMAND

000

MARK
001 0
002

LOAD PROG

003

2

004

t

005

+

006

j

007

STDIR

008

REG

00

6·10

009
010
011

SEARCH

o

END

PROG

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

The

program will

immediately

add 2 + 2 and

store

the sum in Register 000.

The

program

then

encounters

a

SEARCH

O.

Control

switches

back

to

MARK

0

and

the

LOAD

PROGRAM

instructionisencountered

causing

the

next

blocktobe

loaded

in replacing

the

last block. Notice the

END

PROGRAM

instruction

was

never

used in

executing

the

program: however, it was

needed

when

the

LOAD PROGRAM

instruction

was

first

executed.Ifan END

PROGRAM

command

had

not

been

located

after

the

SEARCH

0

command,

the

700

would

have

continuedtoload

programming

steps

into

core.

The

END

PROGRAM

instruction

tells it

wheretostop.

STEP
000

001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
010

COMMAND

MARK

o

LOADPROG

3

t

+

•

+DlR

REG

00
STOP
ENDPROG

The

program

adds 3 +3

and

adds

the

sumtoRegister

000

and

stops.

The

program

is

only

used

to

demonstrate

how

to

program

the

LOAD PROGRAM

instruction.

This

techniqueofa LOAD PROGRAM

withinaprogram

should

only

be used in

long

programs

which

require

many

program

steps

and

data

registers. A valid

example

might

be

in a

multiple

regression analysis where registers are

needed

for

storing sums. In

addition,

a

program

for generating

the

sums and solving

simultaneous

equationsisneeded.

Therefore,

the first

program

block

could

initialize all registers

and

generate

the

numerous

sums needed.

When

the

routine

was finished,

the

second

blocktosolve

the

simultaneous

equations

and

find

the

coefficients

could

be called and

loaded

into

the

same

partofmemory

that

the

first

block

occupied.

In this

way,

memory

canbeshared and utilizedtoits fullest

extent.

CREATINGAMULTI-BLOCK

TAPE

The

ideaofsharing

core

storage

presents

the

problemofcreating a

multi-block

tape.

The

simplest

waytoexplain this

procedureisby

creating

the

3-block program.

6-11

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

I.

To

create

the

first block:

A. Key

the

first program

block

into

care.

I.

Set

LEARN

mode

2. PRIME

(more

generally SET PCtolocationoffirst program

step)

3. MARK

o

LOAD PROG
END PROG.

B.

Transfer

this

blocktotape

I.

Insert

tape

cassette, REWIND

2.

Set

TAPE

READY

3.

PRIME

(or

SET PCtofirst step)

4.

RECORD PROG

II.

To

create

the

second

block:

A. Key

second

program

block

into

core

I.

PRIME

(or

SETPCto

first step)

2.

2

t

+

I

ST

DIRECT

00

SEARCH

o

END

PROG

B.

Transfer

this

blocktotape

1. PRIME

(or

SET PCtofirst

step)

2.

RECORD

PROG

III.Tocreate

the

third block:

A. Key

third

program

block

into

core

I.

PRIME

(or

SET PCtofirst

step)

2. 3

t

+

I

+

DIR

00

(Toggles

down)

STOP

END

PROG

B.

Transfer

blocktotape

I.

PRIME

(or

SET PCtofirst

step)

2.

RECORD

PROG

6-12

6-13

NOTE

The t-test for paired variates

is

now

recordedasthe fourth block on this tape.

Section

VI

Programming Techniques

PRIME
REWIND the tape

to

beginning
Set TAPE READY
LOADPROG
SEARCH 0

To run the program: \.

2.

3.

4.

5.

The tape is

not

moved

manually while creating the

multi-block

tape.Ifan entirely

unrelated program were to be

added

to this tapeasthe

fourth

block, initializing

the

tape

would

consistofbypassing the first three program

blockasdiscussed in

Section

VI, page

6-8.

EXAMPLE

Suppose a program for calculating

the

t-test for paired variates were located in core from

step 100

to

155 and itisto

be recordedasthe

fourth

blockonthe multi-block

tape

just

created.

\.

Insert tape cassette, REWIND

2. Set TAPE READY

3. Set RUN mode

4. SET

PC

9 4 4

5.

LOAD PROG (bypasses first three program blocks)
LOADPROG
LOADPROG

6. PRIME

(to

turn

PROGRAM

ERROR

INDICATOR off)

7. SET

PC

1 0 0

8. RECORD PROG

The program will

stop

with a 6 in X andY.To

recall the sum, RECALL DIRECT00and

10 will appear in

X.

S(II:tioll

VII

J'

ddl

(/111

wl

('Ollllllill1f/~

SECTION

VII

ADDITIONAL

COMMANDS

NOT

FOUND

ON

THE

700 KEYBOARD

PAUSE COMMAND

One

remaining function

not

previously discussedisthe 700 pause command.

WRITE A PAUSE

The

WANG

700

has a pause

command

which allows

the

user

to

display the X and Y

Registers

for.5

secondsatany predetermined

point

within a program.

The

commandisa two-step instruction. Since it should onlybeused within a program,

it

has

not

been assigned a regular keyonthe

700

keyboard.

The

two-step

command

is:

WRITE

A followed

by

the

code 0615 which correspondstothe

I/x

key.

The

following program will

count

from 0 to 10 displaying each integer in Y for

.5

seconds.

KEY

MARK

o

I

+

WRITE A

I/x

I

o

SKIPIFY = X
SEARCH

o

STOP

CODE
0408

0700

0701

0600
0412}

0615
0701

0700
0509

0407

0700
0515

COMMENT OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

SEARCH

0

2-Step

command

causes.5

second

pause

Multiple PAUSE commands can be used

if

a longer pauseisrequired.

Simply repeat the two-step

command

for each

half

second pause.

The

pause

commandisonly operational

under

programming mode.Itcannotbeused

to

cause a stop or pause in a program

thatisexecuting.Ifa programisexecuting and the user

desires

to

stop

it

at

any

point,

simply index

the

STEP key and

the

program will stop

instantly (See Section II, page 2-3 ) .

7·

,

!

,

•

0414

XXXX

0415

XXXX

I00I 01 I02103104 I051061071081091

10

1'1

1'21'31'4

!;~ji;1

RECALLY
DATA

REGISTER

STOREY
DATA

REGISTER

7-2

The

program codes

0414

and

0415

mustbeentered

by

using

the

toggle switches

and

special [unction keys.

Section VII

Additional Commands

Stores

the

number

in Y

into

the

data

register designated by

the

next

key-

stroke. Y unchanged, X unchanged.

Recalls

to

Y

the

number

from

the

rcgister designated by the

next

key-

stroke. Designated register unchanged,

X unchanged.

Since

the

resultsofthe

arithmetic

operations

using X and

Yare

placedinY.

the

STORE

Y

command

saves

the

program

step(,)ofmoving

the

number

down

into

the

X-Register

when

the

resultistobesaved.

NOTE

~¥o~~

1

00

1

01

1021031041051061071081091'0

1'1

1121131\j.~~!ijl'51

It

is

possibletotransfer

data

directlytoand

from

the

Y-Rcgister

and

anyofthc

122 data

storage registers.

The

two-step

command

is similartothe

RECALL

DIRECT

and

STORE

DIRECT

commands

except

that

the

V-Registerisused in

the

data

transfer

rather

than

the

X-Register.

The

first

instruction

specifies

whethertostoreorrecall,

the

second

instmction

designates

the

internal

data

register.

In

addition

to

the

various

commands

found

on

the

700

keyboard,

there

are several

powerful

commands

which have

not

been assigned special keys

on

the

Wang 700. These

commands arc used primarily in programming applications.

One

of

these commands,

PAUSE, was discussed above.

These special programming commands can

be

divided

into

three basic categories:

1.

Storage

commands

2. Decision

commands

3. Shifting

commands

STORAGE COMMANDS (DIRECT ACCESS TO

AND

FROM

THE

V-REGISTER)

ogoo

80402010

DECISIONS

In

additiontothe

four

decisions available

from

the

keyboard

(See SectionV,page

5-

J),

there 'Ire eight

other

conditions which can be tested. These

commands

require two

instructions.

They

are each preceded by a WRITE ALPHA

command

and use an existing

key

on

the

700

keyboard

for

the

second

halfofthe

command.

They

are listed as follows.

They

test

for

a positive, negative, zero,

and

non-zero value in

theXand

Y Registers.

Section

VII

Additional Commands

X-REGISTER

WRITE

ALPHA

SET

EXP

WRITE

ALPHA

LOG10 X

WRITE

ALPHA

CHANGE

SIGN

WRITE

ALPHA

LOG,X

Skips

next2instructions

if X is negative

Skips

next2instructions

if

X is positive

Skips

next2instructions

if

X is

not

zero

Skips

next2instructions

if

X is

zero

Y-REGISTER

WRITE

ALPHA

SKIPIFERROR

WRITE

ALPHA

GROUP

II

WRITE

ALPHA

RETURN

WRITE

ALPHA

WRITE

Skips

next2instructions

if

Y is negative

Skips

next2instructions

if

Y is positive

Skips

next2instructions

if

Y is

not

zero

Skips

next2instructions

if

Y is

zero

If

the

conditionismet,

the

next2programming

instructions

are

skipped.Ifthe

condition

is

not

met,

the

program

continues

with

the

next

step.

EXAMPLE:

The

following

program

calculates

2"

and

illustrates

the

two-step

command

WRITE

ALPHA,

WRITE

which

checks

forYequaltozero.

RECALLS

ANSWER

TOX

OPERATING

PROCEDURE

KeyN;SEARCH

0

Read

2

N

in

X

REDIR

REG

00

STOP

017
018
019

2

Step

Command

SKIP

IF

¥ = X

Exits

When

¥=

0

Initializes
Register

Inner

Loop

Calculates

2

N

WRITE

A

WRITE

SEARCH
0800

MARK

(:)

t

I NinY

STORE

DIR

REG

00

MARK

0800

2

XDIR
REG

00

I

000
001
002

003
004
005

~----<~006

007

008

009

010

011

!

012

013

014

015

016

7-3

SHIFTING

COMMANDS:

Divides Xby10

4

Divides Xby10

2

Divides X

by

10I

Divides Xby10

3

Divides Xby10

5

Divides Xby10

6

Multiplies Xby10

3

Multiplies Xby10I

Multiplies Xby10

2

Multiplies X

by

10

4

Multiplies Xby10

5

Multiplies Xby10

6

Multiplies Xby10

7

Multiplies Xby10

8

Multiplies Xby10

9

Multiplies Xby10

'0

WRITE ALPHA

I

WRITE

ALPHA

2

WRITE ALPHA

3

WRITE ALPHA

4

WRITE ALPHA

5

WRITE ALPHA

6

WRITE

ALPHA

7

WRITE

ALPHA

8

WRITE ALPHA

9

WRITE ALPHA

o

WRITE

ALPHA

-

DIRECT

WRITE

ALPHA

X

DIRECT

WRITE

ALPHA

';-DIRECT

WRITE

ALPHA

STORE

DIRECT

WRITE ALPHA

RECALL

DIRECT

WRITE

ALPHA

EXCHANGE

DIRECT

Section

VII

Additional

Commands

The

following

two-step

commands

give

the

user an easy waytoshift

the

decimal

point

of

the

X-Register

fromIto

10 places,

leftOrright.

The

first

group

shifts

the

decimal

point

n-placestothe

right

and

effectively multiplies

the

X-Registerby10".

The

second

group

shifts

the

decimal

point

n-placestothe

left

and

effectively divides

the

X-Registerby10".

WRITE ALPHA

SEARCH

WRITE ALPHA

MARK

WRITE ALPHA

GROUP

1

WRITE ALPHA

+

DIRECT

Section VII

Additional Commands

Divides X by 10

7

Divides X by

lOS

Divides X by 10

9

Divides X by 10

10

EXAMPLE

If

X contains 12.3456781245 and the command WRITE ALPHA 3isgiven X will then

contain 12345.6781245.

If

the command WRITE ALPHA SEARCHisgiven, X will contain .123456781245-02

These commands are extremely nseful in applications where sealing

of

input

and/or

output

must

be accomplished.

7-5

Section

VIII

Trig and

Stat

Programs

SECTION

VIII

TRIGONOMETRIC

AND

STATISTICAL

PACKAGE

PROGRAMS

THE

TRIG

PACK

The

TRIG

PACK

011

the

WANG

700

consistsofthe

following16trigonometric

functions:

SPECIAL

OPERATION

TRIG

FUNCTION

INPUT

RANGE

KEY

00

DEGREES

TO

RADIANS

Ixl<10'9

01

RADIANS

TO

DEGREES

Ixl

< 10

98

02

SINE

X

Ixl

< 10

99

•

03

COSINE

X

Ix

I< 10

99

04

TANGENT

X

Ixl<

10

99

05

SIN-l

X

IxI,;;;

I

06

COS-

l

X

Ixl';;; I

07

TAN-l

X

IxI<10

99

08

A'O

POLAR

Ixl

< 10

50

;

Iyl

< 10

S0

,

*0

09

TO

RECTANGULAR

0,;;; R <

1099lei

< 10"

10

SINHX

Ixl<227.9

I 1

COSHX

Ixl<227.9

12

TANHX

Ix1<227.9

13

SINWlX

._

10

7

< X <

10

50

14

COSWlX

IxI;;;,

I

15

TANWlX

Ix

1< 1

These

functions

are

loaded

into

core

memory

fromatape

cassette

whichisprovided

with

the

machine.

The

standard

TRIG

PACK

consistsof384

program

steps

(or

48

Data

Registers).

NOTE

The TRIG

PACK

also uses five data regislers:700A

are

000, 001, 002, 120 and

121, 700B are 000, 001, 002,

003

and

120

registers. Care

shouldbetaken

in using

these registers -

information

stored in these five registers

would

be lost after

all

executionofoneofthe

trig functiolls.

B·'

STORAGE ONLY

Three Storage Registers Used

for Data Storage

Used for

TRIG

PACK Programs

Steps

or

Registers available

for

the user

000

001

002

I'-.L--.L...---"_"---.L--.L...---"-j

069

070

Ir-y--y-r-:r-:r-:r-:r--I

J 18

I I 9

I"--r---r-r'--,"--r---r-r'-l

170

tL--:,L--,,L--,,L--,,L--,,L--,,L--,,L-f

17 I

L<:-...L---<

~...L----L:.----"

~'---'

SPEED AND ACCURACY

Thc

spccd for cach

function

varies. In

the

worst case, itisno longer

than

250 milliseconds.

Accuracyis10 significant digits.

FIGURE

I

CORE

MEMORY USAGE

BY

THE

TRIG

PACK

TO LOAD

THE

TRIG

PACKAGE

Like any

other

tape-to-core operation, the

TRIG

PACKisloadedasfollows:

I. Insert trig-tape, REWIND

7.

Set

RUN

3.

Set

TAPE

READY

4. PRIME, LOAD PROGRAM

8-2

By following these steps, the

TRIG

PACKisloaded into core starting at

Step

000

and

utilizes coreasindicated in Figure

1.Itis

recommended

that

the

TRIG

PACK always be

loaded startingatStep

000.

In

addition

to

the

TRIG

PACK, most users will wanttoload their

own

programs into

core.

In

order

not

to erase anyofthe

TRIG

PACK,

other

programs should be introduced

into core

beyond

the

TRIG

PACK.

The

VERIFY

PROGRAM key allows ustobypass the

TRIG

PACK

quite

easily.

After

depressing the

VERIFY

PROGRAM key,

thePCis

set to the

step the END PROGRAM instruction occupies.

Since

itisadvisable to have only

one

END PROGRAM instruction in coreatanyone

time, additional programs should startatthis

stcp

where

the

END PROGRAM instruction

is

located.

The

Y-Registerisalways preserved

and

remains unchanged

except

in the

POLAR

and

RECTANGULAR conversions. When the entire TRIG PACKisloaded

into

core, core

storage for the

700Aisas follows:

Section

VIII

Trig

and

Stat

Programs

Section

VIII

Trig and

Stat

Programs

TWO

CASES exist:

1.

Indexing additional programming steps from the keyboard.

2. Loading

another

program into core from another tape.

In each case

the

procedureisbasically the same.

CASE

1:

Adding Steps from the Keyboard.

1.

After loading the TRIG PACK, place 700 in LEARN MODE

2.

VERIFY PROGRAM.

3. Key program steps desired.

The first step indexed,

most

likely a MARK, will replace the END PROGRAM command

of

the

TRIG PACK. Therefore, after completing

your

own program, an END PROGRAM

command has

to

be given. This will complete a new block consistingofthe

TRIG PACK

plus your own program. The VERIFY PROGRAM number will then total the codes

of

the

TRIG PACK and

your

own program.

CASE 2: Loading

Another

Program into Core from Tape

I. After loading the TRIG PACK, insert TAPE CASSETTE which has desired

program.

2.

Leave

700

in RUN MODE, Set TAPE READY

3. VERIFY PROGRAM (bypasses TRIG PACK).

4. LOAD PROGRAM.

The program

will

be loaded

into

core directly following the TRIG PACK.

USING

THE

TRIG

PACKAGE

The TRIG PACK consistsof16

subroutines which can be addressed from

the

keyboard

or

under

program

control

(See page 8-6).

KEYBOARD USE:

BE

SURE THE TOGGLE SWITCHES ARE IN THE

OFF

(DOWN)
POSITION WHEN ADDRESSING THE TRIG FUNCTIONS FROM
THE KEYBOARD.

0000

1·1"

1·1·1·1·1·1·1·1·1..1"I"I"

1"I"I

• •

,

"

.....

0

0000'_

...0....

,",

".

r_'"

"',,-:

=

..

aN';

~O

""CoR

TOR«T

.~,

_.

,-,

..

""-:

-:

,

.........

:

0

'00

__

TO

".0

....

•

DODD

o 0

8-3

,-

-,

- - ,

Section VIII

Trig

and

Stat

Programs

PROGRAM

USE

It

should

be clear

that

the

TRIG

PACK is using

the

special

function

keystoaddress

the

first 16

subroutine

codes discussed in Section IV, page 4-5.

For

instance,

the

SINE

routine

is

prefixed by a

MARK

0002

and

terminatedbya

RETURN

command.Ifthe

subroutine

is

addressed

within

a program,

the

RETURN

command

transfers

control

back

to

the

main

program.

If

the

subroutineisaddressed from

the

keyboard,

control

is transferred

back

to

the

keyboard.

The

following shows a user's program utilizing

the

SINE

and

COSINE

routines.

EXAMPLE:

Find

Y = 2

sinO

cosO

KEY CODE

MARK

0408

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

0

0700

Key 0 in Degrees

+

0604

STORES 0 in Y SEARCH 0

SINX

0002

FINDS

SINE 0

Read7cosO

sin 0 in Y

t

0606

SINE 0 in Y 0 in X

COSX

0003

FINDS COS 0

X

0602

Y -

sinO

cos 0

?

0702

X

0602

Y - 2 sine

cos

e

STOP

0515

The

program

makes

useofthe fact

that

the Y-Register is preserved by storing 0inY and

then

the

SIN e in

Y.

DESIGNOFTHE

TRIG

PACKAGE

The

TRIG

PACK has been designedtogive the user

greater

f1exibiIity. Since

the

TRIG

PACK resides in core

memory

andisnota"hardware"

feature, certain

functions

which are

not

used

often

can be easily deleted.

For

example, a user may only

need

SINX. COSX. and

TAN" X for his calculations.

By

setting

the

PC

to

thc

step

number

following these

functions,

the

restofthe

TRIG

PACK can be

deleted

and

more

core storage for

other

programs and

data

storage can be

gained.

8·4

""

Section VIII
Trig

and

Stat

Programs

STATISTICAL

PACKAGE PROGRAM

In

the

same

way,

statistical

users will

load

into

core

the

STATISTICS PACK ralh,'I'

tll:111

the

TRIG

PACK.

The

STATISTICS

PACK will

consistofthe

following

functions

and

will

be'

loaded

into

coreinthe

same

wayasthe

TRIG

PACK.

FUNCTION

Mean,

Variance,

Standard

Deviation

(ungrouped)

Mean,

Variance,

Standard

Deviation

(grouped)

Normal

Distribution

Inverse

Normal

Distribution
X2Statistic
X2Distribution
Error

Function

Binomial

Distribution

N'

Linear Regression

Gamma

Function

Negative

Binomial

Distribution

Poisson

Distribution

Random

Number

Generator

8-5

KEY
00

01

02
03

04

05

06
07

08

09

10

11

12

13

Section

VIII

Trig

and

Stat

Programs

ASSIGNMENTOFSPECIAL

OPERATION

KEYS FOR A USER'S OWN

SUBROUTINES

The

concept

ofasubroutine

was discussed briefly in

Section

IV, page 4-5. Sixty-four

codes are reserved for

subroutines

on

the

WANG 700. A

subroutine

is addressedbya single

keystroke

or

a single program step.Itis prefixed by a MARK XXXX chosen from

the

64

reserved codes and

terminated

by a

RETURN

command.

The

TRIG

and STATISTICS

packages use

the

first 16

subroutine

codes

listedonpage 4-5,

and

are easily addressedbythe

SPECIAL FUNCTION keys

when

the

Toggle Switches are all in

the

OFF

(DOWN) position.

If

Toggle

Switch

10

were placed in

the

ON

(UP)

position,

indexing

the

03

key

would

cause

the

700

to

look

through

core for

the

subroutine

beginning

with

MARK

0103.

Remember

there

are64codes which can be used as

subroutines-not

merely 16.

The

SPECIAL FUNCTION keys can

be

used

to

address

the

user's

own

custom-made

functions

rather

than

those

foundinthe

TRIG

and

STATISTICS PACKS.

Any

subroutine

which requires

only

one

piece

of

input

data

can be addressed

by

any

of

the

SPECIAL

FUNCTION keys.

While

in

LEARN

MODE,

the

user simply presses MARK followedbyoneofthe

SPECIAL

FUNCTION

keys. This will set the MARK flag in

core

for

direct

access to

the

assigned

routine.

At

the

endofthe

subroutineaRETURNisgiven.

For

example,

assigning 12 to y = 7fr'

KEY CODE
MARK

0408

12

0012

x'

0713

t

0604

7f

0609

x

0602

RETURN

0511

To

call

for

this

function

simply index r

intoX,and

press 12.

The

answer will be given in

Y.

The

subroutine

can also be addressed

under

program

controlinthe

same way as

the

TRIG

functions. In this way the user may assign and label

anyofhis

own

functions

to the special

operation

keys.

8·6

PROGRAM

TITLE

NUMBER

lOO4A!MA6

ALGEBRA OF

COMPLEX

NUMBERS

+,

-

,

x,

+

PROGRAMMED

BY

PROGRAM ABSTRACT

C,

M.

TANG

x,

and

+

complex

numbers

DATE

+,

-

,

SEPTEMBER,

1969

BLOCKS

NO. OF STEPS

NO,

NO.OFSTEPS

DATA

REGISTERS

MARK

USED

08'

,

VERIFY

NUMBER

08'

000,

005

0201,

0600,

0601,

636

0603,

0602

SET P.C.

i

000

TO

"LEARN"

PROGRAM

TO

RECORD

PROGRAM

TO LOAD PROGRAM

Ikeyboardtocore)

(coretotape)

(tape to core)

1.

Set

LEARN mode.

1.

Insert

tape

cartridge.

1.

Set RUN mode.

2.

SET

PCtodesired step.

REWI N 0

if

necessary.

2.

Insert

tape

cartridge.

3. Index keys in program.

2.

Set

TAPE READY.

REWIND

if

necessary.

4.

Index END PROGRAM as last step

3.

SET

PC

to

first

stepofprogram.

3.

Set

TAPE READY.

in

program.

4.

Index RECORD PROGRAM.

4.

SETPCto

desired step numbec".

5. Index LOAD

PROGRAM.

PROGRAM

DESCRIPTION:

This

program

can

perform

simple

+,

-,

x,

and

.;.aswellaschain

operations.

Thisisbecause

the

answerofthe

previous

operationissaved,

the

real

partinstorage

001

and

imaginary

part

in

storage

000.

\\'hen

reading

the

answer,

the

real

partisinYregister

and

imaginary

part

in

X

register.

Same

formulaisused

for

entering

the

complex

numbers.

OPERATING

PROCEDURE:

EXAMPLE:

L

PRIME;

VERIFY

PROGRAM

L

PRIME;

VERIFY

PROGRAM

2,

Index

first

number,

real

part

2,

~!§..;CHSIGN

inyand

imaginary

partinx

Set

the

Toggle

Switches

to

20

,

Set

the

Toggle

Switchesto20

,

Key

01

Key

01

3,

Index

second

number

the

same

way

3,

4H

.,

SEARCH+if

addition

4.

SEARCH

+

-

-

if

subtraction

-

~

if

multiplication

+

if

division

-

5,

Read

answer

5,

Read

If

(2-5il+(4+3i)

y

+6.00000000000

X

-2.00000000000

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

836

NORTH

STREET.

TEWI<;SBURY.

MASSACHUSETTS

01876

700·0243

10·69

9,1

LABORATORIES, INC.

Sectio/7

IX

Sample Programs

SECTION

IX

SAMPLE

PROGRAMS

Printed;n

U.S.A.

-0

WANG

700

ALGEBRA

OF

COMPLEX

NUMBERS

+,

-,

x, +

Section IX

Sample Programs

I

--------·~-------------------.-------.,

PROGRAM

TITLE

NUMBER

1004A!MA6

PAGE

2

\-----

-------.--------------~l-'::::::--=----___t

If

(2-5i)

- (4 +

3i)

If

(2-5i)

x (4 +

3i)

(2

-

5i)

If

(4 +

3i)

For

chain

operations

repeat

steps3,4,

and 5

EXAMPLE,

4.

SEARCH-

5.

Read

Y

-2.0000000000

X

-8.0000000000

4.

SEARCH

x

5.

Read

Y

+23.0000000000

X

-14.0000000000

4.

SEARCH

+

5.

Read

Y

-.280000000000

X

-1.04000000000

.[(1+2i)(3+

4i)]

+ (6 -

9i)

3 +

4i

2.

!.t

2;

Key

0201

3.

3

!4;

SEARCH"

4 k

5.

Read
Y

-5.00000000000

X

+10.0000000000

3.

Key

0201

6 t 9 ; CH SIGN

---

4.

SEARCH

+

5.

Read

Y

+1.

00000000000

X

+1.

00000000000

3.

Key

0201

31

4

4.

SEARCH

+

5.

Read

Y

+.280000000000

X

-.400000000000-01

-9WANG

LABORATORIES,

INC.

136

HORTH

ST.,

TEWKSBUIlY,

MASS.

01115,

TEL.

(117)151-1'11

9-2

Section

IX

Sample Programs

LABORATORIES, INC.

836

NORTH

STREET,

TEWKSBURY.

MASSACHUSETTS

01876

Page1of

2

NO

1004A/MA6

.

Step Key Code. Comment

040

+

OIR

0403

1

eo

2

RE

DIR

0405

3

REG

03

0003

4

MARK

0408

5

x

0602

6

ST DIR

0404

7

REG

003

0003

8

RE

DIR

0405

9

REG

00

0000

050

ST

DIR

0404

1

REG

04

0004

2

t

0605

3

X

DIR

0402

4

REG

00

0000

5

RE

DIR

0405

6

REG

01

0001

7

ST

DIR

0404

8

REG

02

0002

9

-lr

0605

060

X DIR

0402

1

REG

01

0001

2

RE

DIR

0405

3

REG

03

0003

4

-t-

0604

5 X

DIR

0402

6

REG

04

0004

7

RE

DIR

0405

8

REG

04

0004

9

-

DIR

0401

070

REG

01

0001

1

RE

DIR

0405

2

REG

01

0001

3

1<1')

0606

4

X

DI

0402

5

REG

002

0002

6

RE

DIR

0405

7

REG

02

0002

8

+

DIR

0400

9

REG

00

0000

.

Step

Key Code

Comment

000

MARK

0408

1

0201

0201

2

ST

DIR

0404

3

REG

00

0000

4

STORE

Y

0414

5

REG

01

0001

6

CLEAR

X

0715

7

t-

0604

8

STOP

0515

9

MARK

0408

010

-

0601

1

CH

SIGN

0711

2

~"

0606

3

CR

SIGN

07l!

4

\i."i

0606

5

MARK

0408

6

+

0600

7

+

DIR

0400

8

REG

00

0000

9

RE

DIR

0405

02

0

REG

01

0001

1

+

0600

2

RE

DIR

0405

3

REG

00

0000

4

STOP

0515

5

MARK

0408

6 T

0603

7

CR

SIGN

07l!

8

ST

DIR

0404

9

REG

03

0003

03

0

x

2

0713

1STDIR

0404

2

REG

05

0005

3 f

0605

4

x

2

0713

5

+

DIR

0400

6

REG

05

0005

7

RE

DIR

0405

8

REG

05

0005

9

+

0603

700

PROGRAM

TITlE·

ALGEBRAOFCOMPLEX

NUMBERS

"9

WANG

9-3

Section

IX

Sample

Programs

LABORATORIES, INC.

836

NO~TH

STREET.

TEWKSBURY.

MASSACHUSETTS

01876

.

Step Key Code

Comment

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9
0

1

2

3

4

5
6

7

8

9

ALGEBRA

OF

COMPLEX

NUMBERSNO

1004A/MA6

p,

..

2of2

700

PROGRAM

TITlE·

.

Step

Key Code

Comment

08 0

RE

Dill

0405

1

REG

00

0000

2

RETURN

0511

3

END

PROG

0512

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5
6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8
9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

-9

WANG

9-4

Section X

Warranty, Service and Maintenance

SECTION X

WARRANTY,

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

WARRANTY

Wang electronic

equipmentiswarranted

to

be

free from defects in workmanship and

materials

for

90

days

from

deliverytothe

original purchaser;

parts

only

are

warranted

for

one

year, exclusiveoflabor.

Readout

tubes, transistors, and fuses are subjecttothe

RETMA

guarantee

(substituted

tubes

should be

returnedtoWang Laboratories). This

warrantyisin

lieu

of

all

other

warranties expressedorimplied,

except

as specifically modified in writing

byadocument

signed

by

an officerofWANG LABORATORIES, INC.

Except

for

such a

document,norepresentativeorother

personisauthorizedtorepresentorassume

for

WANG

LABORATORIES, INC.

any

warranty liability

beyond

that

set

forth

herein. Use limits

and

time between overhaul

hours

may be specified

for

mechanical and

rotary

elementsofa

Wang system. During

the

warranty

period, Wang

equipmentisserviced freeofcharge

except

for occasional freight cost

to

and

from a service centerifequipmentislocated

beyond

a

75-mile radius.

POST·WARRANTY SERVICE

AVAILABILITY

Wang Service Centers are located in

many

major

cities

throughout

the

world.Itis

a

product

service policytorestore

the

operationofa

customer's

unit

within 24

hoursofthe

service call.

For

remotely

located users,

equipment

turnaround

is normally within one

day

after

arrival at

the

center. Spare parts,aswellascircuit

board

repair capability are available

at all service centers.

ANNUAL

MAINTENANCE

CONTRACT

An annual

maintenance

contractisavailable

that

consists

of

adjusting, replacing

parts

when

required

and

keeping

the

equipment

in first class

operating

condition.

The

contract

includes all necessary service calls.Itdoes

not

include repair necessitated by accident, fire,

current

fluctuations, abuse,ornegligence.

POST·WARRANTY SERVICE CALLS WITHOUT

MAINTENANCE

CONTRACT

All service calls madetocustomers' facilities

not

having service

contracts

will be charged

on an

hourly

basis

pointtopoint

between

the

Wang Service

Center

and

equipment

location.

Automobile

charges per mile and material costs will also be included.

10·1

Section X

Warranty, Service

and

Maintenance

NOTE

Users

who

attempt

to repair Wang

equipment,

without

receiving

prior

Wang

equipment

training, run the risk

of

causing

further

damage to

their

equipment.

Also,

and

more

important,

internal

equipment

voltages are present

that

could

cause severe electrical shock.

IN·HOUSE MAINTENANCE CAPABILITY

Wang Laboratories offers free

product

familiarization lessons for customers

who

desire

to

build

up

an in-house capability

for

maintaining

their

equipment.

The

customer,ofcourse,

is

expected

to

defray

the

travel

and

living expenses

of

his service representative while in

training

at

Wang Laboratories,

Tewksbury,

Massachusetts.

10-2

AppomJix

APPENDIX

TYPING

CONVENTIONS

Program 1

015A/MA3

VECTOR ANALYSIS is a sampleofa

700

library program and

is

included

heretogive an

exampleofa

program

using

indirect

addressing.

TYPING

CONVENTIONS

FOR

700

PROGRAM

LIBRARY

Certain

keyboard

instructions

have

been

abbreviated

for

typing

convenience.

The

follow-

ingisa listingofthe

keyboard

instructions

and

their

abbreviations.

KEY

+

DIRECT

-

DIRECT

X

DIRECT

"'"

DIRECT

STORE

DIRECT

RECALL

DIRECT

o

DIRECT
SEARCH
MARK
GROUP

1

GROUP

2
WRITE
WRITE

ALPHA

END

ALPHA

STORE

Y

RECALL

Y

+

INDIR

-

INDIR

X

INDIR

"'"

INDIR

STORE

INDIR

RECALL

INDIR

CINDIR
SKIPIFY

;;.

X

SKIP

IF

Y < X

SKIP

IF

Y = X

SKIPIFERROR

RETURN

ABBREVIATION

+

DIR

-

DIR

XDIR

"'"

DIR

ST

DIR

RE

DlR

EXDlR

SEARCH
MARK
GROUP

1

GROUP

2
WRITE
WRITE A

END A

STORE

Y

RECALL

Y

+

INDlR

-INDIR
X

INDIR

"'"

INDIR

ST

INDIR

RE

INDIR

EX

INDIR

0506

SKIPIFY

;;.

X

SKIP

IF

Y < X

SKIP

IF

Y = X

SKIP

ERROR

RETURN

A-1

CODE
0400

0401
0402
0403
0404
0405
0406
0407

0408
0409
0410
0411
0412

0413
0414
0415

0500

0501

0502

0503

0504

0505

0507

0508

0509

0510

0511

Appendix

ENDPROG

END

PROG

0512

LOADPROG

LOADPROG

0513

GO

GO 0514

STOP

STOP

0515

+

+

0600
0601

x

X

0602

•

0603

•

•

t

t

0604

I

I

0605

t I

t I

0606

Ixi

Ixi

0607

INTEGER

X

INT X

0608

11

11

0609

LOGjoX

LOGjoX

0610

LOGeX

LOGeX

0611

Jx

Jx

0612

lOX

lOX

0613

eX

eX

0614

Ijx

Ijx

0615

0

0

0700

I

I

0701

2

2 0702

3

3 0703

4

4 0704

5

5 0705

6

6

0706

7

7

0707

8

8

0708

9

9 0709

SETEXP

SET

EXP

0710

CHANGE

SIGN

CH

SIGN

0711

•

0712

x

2

x

2

0713

RECALL

RESIDUE

RESIDUE

0714

CLEAR

X

CLEAR

X

0715

NOTE

For

typing

convenience

the

exchange keys,

::::DIRECT

and8

INDIR,

will

be

typedasEX

DIR

and

EX

INDIR.

SKIPIFERROR

has been

shortenedtoSKIP

ERROR.

In

desjgnating

the

120

data

registers in

the

KEY

column,

the

register

numbers

will be

precededbyREG.

A-2

[

b

i

Appendix

EXAMPLE

To store

into

register 58 the coding sheet will appear as follows:

ST DIR

REG 58

A subroutine will be designated m the KEY column by a SR preceding the subroutine

code.

EXAMPLE

To address a subroutine beginning with MARK 0303 the KEY column will appear

as

follows:

SR 0303

A·3

Bypassing Program Blocks 6-8
Central Processing Unit

1-1

Change Sign 2-5
OearXl-l
Coding

3~1

Core Memory 3-3,

3~6

Data Storage Registers

2-9

Decisions 5-1

SkipifY = X 5-1

SkipifY

~X

5-2

SkipifY<v5-3

SkipifError

2-9,

5-3

Direct Addressing

2·9

Display

2-4

Double Level Subroutines

4-

'7

End Program

2-2,

6-4,

6·5

Exchange

2-13

Go

2-3

5-9

,

Group12-21
Group22-21

High-Order Digit 3- 2
Indirect Addressing

2-14

Indirect Keys

2-14

Learn Mode

2~1,

2-4,

2-12,6·5,6-6

.Learn-Print Mode

2-1

Learn a Program Into Core From the Keyboard

6~5

List Program Mode

2-2

Load Program2~3,

6~4,

6-7

Looping With a Counter

5-4

Looping Without a Counter

5-6

Low-Order Digit

3-2

Machine~Error

Indicator 2-8,

6-2

Mark

4-1, 4-3,

4-4
Mark Assignment4~2
Mode

of

Operation 2-1

Non Programmable Keys

2-2

NumberofRegisters Occupied by a Program

3-5

Pause

7·1

Prime

2~2,

2-3,

6-5

Procedure for Inserting

Extra

Program Step 6- 8

Program Block 6-3

INDEX

Program

Counter

and

Set PC

2-3

Program·Error Indicator2~8,

2~9,

4·1,6-2, 5 -3

Programming Concepts

4-1

Read·Only Memory 1

~

1

Recall Direct

2-12,

7·2

Recall Residue

2~16,

2-20

Record Program

2·3,

2·4

Return

4-6,4·7

Rewind

6-2

Run Mode

2~1,

6-6

Scanning a Table

5~8

Search

4-1, 4-3,

4-4

Set Exp

2~5

Shifting Commands 7-4
Special

Function

Keys

2~9

Starting Address

8-4

Statistics

Functions

8~6

Statistical Pack

8-6

Slep2-3

Stop

4-2

Storage Assignment

3~5

Storage Commands (Direct Accesstoand

from

the

Y-Register)

7-2

Store Direct

2~9,

2~12,

7-2

Subroutine

4-5

Tape Cassette

6-1

Tape~Drive

Operation6-2

Tape Ready

6·

2

Toggle Switch

2-9

Trig

Functions

8-5

Trig Pack

8-1,

8~3

Turning

the

700 On 2~2

Typing Conventions A

~

1

Verify Program

2-4,

6-4

Working Storage Area

3-5

Write Alpha

2-3,

2-21,

7·1,7·2

Write Alpha Pause

7-1

Write Command

2-20

X~Register

2-5

Y~Register

2-6

A-4