Vitrek Xitron 6000-2, Xitron 6000-3 User Manual

USER’S GUIDE

6000-2 & 6000-3 Phase Angle Voltmeters

Warranty

This Vitrek instrument is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years after the date of purchase. Vitrek agrees to repair or replace any assembly or component (except batteries) found to be defective, under normal use, during the warranty period. Vitrek's obligation under this warranty is limited solely to repairing any such instrument, which in Vitrek's sole opinion proves to be defective within the scope of the warranty, when returned to the factory or to an authorized service center. Transportation to the factory or service center is to be prepaid by the purchaser. Shipment should not be made without prior authorization by Vitrek.

This warranty does not apply to any products repaired or altered by persons not authorized by Vitrek or not in accordance with instructions provided by Vitrek. If the instrument is defective as a result of misuse, improper repair, or abnormal conditions or operations, repairs will be billed at cost.

Warranty 3

Vitrek assumes no responsibility for its product being used in a hazardous or dangerous manner, either alone or in conjunction with other equipment. Special disclaimers apply to this instrument. Vitrek assumes no liability for secondary charges or consequential damages, and, in any event, Vitrek's liability for breach of warranty under any contract or otherwise, shall not exceed the original purchase price of the specific instrument shipped and against which a claim is made.

Any recommendations made by Vitrek or its representatives, for use of its products are based upon tests believed to be reliable, but Vitrek makes no warranties of the results to be obtained. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied and no representative or person is authorized to represent or assume for Vitrek any liability in connection with the sale of our products other than set forth herein.

Instrument Serial Number: _________________________________________

4 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

Document Part Number MO-6000-M Revision E

transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form with prior written consent from Vitrek. This product manual is copyrighted and contains proprietary information, which is subject to change without notice. The product displays and manual text may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement.

Vitrek

is a trademark of Vitrek. All other trademarks or

registered trademarks are acknowledged as the exclusive property of their respective owners.

In the interest of continued product development, Vitrek reserves the right to make changes in this guide and the product it describes at any time, without notice or obligation.

Manufacturers of Engineering & Production Test Equipment

12169 Kirkham Road Poway, CA 92064 (858) 689-2755 E-Mail: info@vitrek.com

Contents 5

Contents

Warranty_________________________________________________ 3 Introduction _____________________________________________ 11

Features _________________________________________________11 Principles of Operation _____________________________________12

Central Processor _______________________________________ 12 Signal Conditioning and DSP Sections ______________________ 13 Input Scaling___________________________________________ 14 Amplitude Measurement Circuitry and DSP __________________ 14 Frequency Measurement _________________________________ 15 Range/Mode Control ____________________________________ 15

Sample Clock Generation _____________________________ 15 Filter Clock Generation _______________________________ 16

Front Panel Operation _____________________________________ 17

Front Panel Operational Features______________________________17

Power Switch __________________________________________ 17 The Display ___________________________________________ 17 Display Select Keys _____________________________________ 18 The Up and Down Arrow Keys ____________________________ 19 The Left and Right Arrow Keys____________________________ 19 Total & Harms Keys_____________________________________ 19 Numeric Entry Keys_____________________________________ 20 Clear & Enter Keys _____________________________________ 20 Store & Recall Keys_____________________________________ 20 Setup Key_____________________________________________ 21 Local Key & Indicator ___________________________________ 21 Calibration Key ________________________________________ 22 Print Key______________________________________________ 22 The Nullmeter _________________________________________ 22 Input Connector Keys & Indicators _________________________ 23

6 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

Making Input Connections___________________________________24

Guard Connections______________________________________ 24 Input Cables ___________________________________________ 25

Using the Operational Keys __________________________________25

Changing Displayed Information or Settings__________________ 25 Setting Defaults ________________________________________ 27 Entering New or Changed Information ______________________ 30 Setting/Formatting Time & Date ___________________________ 31

Storing & Retrieving Configurations___________________________32

Store & Recall Memory Menus ____________________________ 33 Storage Area Maintenance ________________________________ 34 Repacking of the Storage Areas____________________________ 35

Rear Panel ______________________________________________ 37

Connectors & Controls _____________________________________37

Power Connection ______________________________________ 38 Configuration Control Switch _____________________________ 38 Parallel Printer Interface__________________________________ 38 RS232 Connectors ______________________________________ 38 IEEE488 Connector _____________________________________ 38

Configuration Setup_______________________________________ 39

Setup Guidelines __________________________________________39 Input Configuration Menu ___________________________________43

Input Scaling___________________________________________ 43 Guard ________________________________________________ 43

Measurement Configuration Menu ____________________________44

Fundamental Frequency__________________________________ 44 Fundamental Frequency Range ____________________________ 45 Fundamental Source_____________________________________ 45 Nominal Amplitude Measurement Period ____________________ 46 Filter Frequency ________________________________________ 47 Maximum Harmonics____________________________________ 47 Fundamental÷Bandwidth _________________________________ 48 Analysis ______________________________________________ 48 Fundamental Frequency Averaging _________________________ 49 Fundamental Frequency Measurement Period_________________ 49

Nullmeter Display Menu ____________________________________49

Nullmeter Parameter Types _______________________________ 49

Contents 7

Parameter Display Menus ___________________________________50

Parameter (p) __________________________________________ 50 Reference Parameter (r) __________________________________ 54 Reference Parameter Type ________________________________ 54 Data Result Units _______________________________________ 54 Comparison Limit_______________________________________ 55 Filter Time Constant_____________________________________ 56 Some Useful Hints ______________________________________ 56

Showing Percentages & dB Changes_____________________ 56 Unstable Displayed Results ____________________________ 57

Display Line Format _______________________________________57 Nullmeter Scale Menu ______________________________________58

Scale Factor ___________________________________________ 58 Type _________________________________________________ 59

Additional Application Examples _____________________________60

Interface Operation _______________________________________ 63

RS232 Data Format Selection ________________________________63 IEEE488 Interface Setup ____________________________________64

Configuring the Controller Card ___________________________ 65 Configuring the Controller Software ________________________ 66

Interrogating the Data ______________________________________67

Reading Data __________________________________________ 67 Sending Data __________________________________________ 68 RS232 Interfacing_______________________________________ 69 IEEE488 Interfacing_____________________________________ 69

Bus Timing_________________________________________ 69 Bus Commands _____________________________________ 69 Application for the Lower Case Portions of Commands______ 70

Command Set_____________________________________________71

Interface Commands_____________________________________ 71 Available Parameter Strings_______________________________ 74

Retrieving Parameters ________________________________ 75 Source and Bandwidth Strings__________________________ 79 Sub-Definition Strings ________________________________ 80 Special Parameter Strings _____________________________ 81 ID Data Format _____________________________________ 82 UNITS=String Format ________________________________ 82 Full-Parameter Definition Format _______________________ 84

8 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

High Speed Operation ______________________________________85

Measurement Periods____________________________________ 85 Frequency Measurement _________________________________ 85 Harmonic Measurement__________________________________ 85 Interrogating Results ____________________________________ 85

Maintenance & Calibration _________________________________ 87

Daily Maintenance_________________________________________87

Low Level DC Measurements _____________________________ 87

Procedure without Equipment __________________________ 87 Procedure with Equipment_____________________________ 88

External Calibration________________________________________89

Preparation for Calibration________________________________ 90 Required Equipment_____________________________________ 91 Calibration Procedure____________________________________ 91

Performing a Partial Calibration ______________________________93 Performing a Calibration Check Only __________________________93

Appendix A: AIO Option___________________________________ 95

AIO Option Features _______________________________________95 AIO Option Commands_____________________________________95

Appendix B: Specifications _________________________________ 97

Voltage Input _____________________________________________97 Current Input _____________________________________________98 Input Filtering ____________________________________________98 Phase ___________________________________________________98 Fundamental Frequency Measurement _________________________99 Harmonic Analysis_________________________________________99 Peak Parameters__________________________________________100 Date and Time ___________________________________________100 General_________________________________________________100

Contents 9

Figures

Figure 1. System Block Diagram _______________________________________ 12 Figure 2. Digital Signal Processing Block Diagram_________________________13 Figure 3. Sample Clock_______________________________________________ 16 Figure 4. The 6000-3 Voltmeter Front Panel ______________________________17 Figure 5. Display Showing Results Data _________________________________18 Figure 6. The Nullmeter ______________________________________________22 Figure 7. Input Terminals _____________________________________________ 23 Figure 8. Display Line Configuration Data _______________________________ 26 Figure 9. Rear Panel Partial View_______________________________________ 37 Figure 10. Initial Setup Display ________________________________________ 39 Figure 11. Setup Measurements Display__________________________________40 Figure 12. Input Configure Display _____________________________________41 Figure 13. Nullmeter Sample Display____________________________________42

Configuration Examples

ØTo change a display line of Results Data: _______________________________ 26 ØTo select an option: ________________________________________________ 26 ØTo set defaults:____________________________________________________27 ØTo abort a displayed menu and discard any changes: ______________________ 28 ØTo change a display line: ____________________________________________28 ØTo adjust a “noisy” measurement (to a given value): ______________________29 ØTo provide a “fast/medium/slow” style of adjustment capability: ____________ 29 ØTo add display lines (up to 50 lines possible): ___________________________ 30 ØTo delete a display line:_____________________________________________30 ØTo add dashes in a display line as a separator: ___________________________ 30 ØTo “enter” data and changes into the menu—when the cursor is flashing:______ 30 ØTo “enter” data and changes into the menu—when no cursor is visible: _______31 ØTo adjust the time display:___________________________________________ 31 ØTo format the time display: __________________________________________ 32 ØTo set the date format: ______________________________________________ 32 ØTo set the date display: _____________________________________________32

10 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

ØTo store a configuration in an already defined storage area:_________________33 ØTo store a new configuration (presently displaying): ______________________33 ØTo recall a configuration:____________________________________________ 34 ØTo rename an existing storage area:____________________________________34 ØTo delete a storage area: ____________________________________________34 ØTo manually prompt the repacking of storage areas:_______________________ 35 ØSetting fundamental frequency mode and range for input connectors: _________39 ØSetting the input mode for each input connector: _________________________41 ØTo change the (input) scale factor: ____________________________________42 ØSetting the Guard connection for each input connector: ____________________42 ØTo configure the Nullmeter parameter display:___________________________42 ØTo complete a configuration setup: ____________________________________ 43 ØTo measure signal content of harmonics, amplitude, phase, and sync:_________60 ØTo measure harmonic content, or wideband amplitudes synchronously: _______61 ØTo perform spectral analysis of the input signal.__________________________62 ØTo measure wideband amplitudes over a known period of time: _____________ 62 ØTo perform an external calibration: ____________________________________ 91 ØTo perform a calibration check:_______________________________________ 93

Introduction

Congratulations on purchasing one of the high technology signal analysis instruments available from Vitrek. The 6000 family of Phase Angle Voltmeters offers the utmost in accuracy and flexibility.

These instruments contain an automatic switching power supply, thus no changes are required for local AC supply voltage or frequency variations, simply select the power cord extension that connects to your supplied power.

Features

The Phase Angle Voltmeter instruments are available as a two input, the 6000-2, and as a three input, the 6000-3. Both have full accuracies available on all inputs fitted. The following lists some of their significant features.

Introduction 11

• Fully digital signal processor (DSP) based operation, no analog phase-locked

loops, phase detectors or other delicate, inaccurate circuitry. These instruments have a 0.0005Hz to 200kHz range of frequencies.

• True 18-bit resolution on each input, which yields exceptional phase, amplitude

and harmonic resolution.

• 500kHz sampling frequency on each input simultaneously, which yields

excellent high frequency accuracies, even with heavily distorted waveforms, and the widest range of harmonics measurement (up to the 2047th harmonic).

• DSP based fundamental frequency component detection, which yields the widest

range of fundamental “reference” input, even when buried in noise and distortion.

• Two 40mHz 24-bit Digital Signal Processors for each pair of inputs, and one

68020 32-bit Central Processor, which yields the highest measurement speeds available.

• Full Range of measurement capabilities, not just amplitude, frequency and

phase. THD, inter-harmonic phase, spectrum analysis, cross-correlation are just a few of the additional measurements available at the touch of a button.

12 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

• Fully customizable display window. Shows 4 lines at a time and is scrollable to

50 lines.

• High resolution bargraph contains 101 elements and two supporting interface

keys.

• Both voltage and current input capabilities on each input, which allows for high

accuracy power measurements from a few nanowatts to hundreds of watts.

• The interface package adds control capabilites with the IEEE488 and RS232

connections; printing capacity with the Parallel printer connectors; and analog output ability with 12 analog connections, when AIO option is fitted.

Principles of Operation

For basic details regarding the circuitry and methods used in the 6000 instruments, Figure 1 shows the overall block description of their internal system’s circuitry.

Central Processor

The central processor consists of circuitry surrounding a Motorola 32-bit MC68EC020 processor and a MC68882 math co-processor, both of which run at 25mHz. These processors perform all interfacing and inter-digital signal processing and coordination required in the instrument.

Equation

Coprocessor

(MC68882)

Flash

Memory

(up to 4 Mbyte)

Central

Processor

(MC68020)

Interfaces

Front Panel

IEEE488

2 x RS232

Parallel Printer

Option AIO

Figure 1. System Block Diagram

Conditioning

and DSPs

(2xDSP56001)

Conditioning

and DSPs

(2xDSP56001)

Signal

Sync

Introduction 13

High Speed

Optical Isolation Barrier

Digital Peak

Range/Mode

High Speed

The software run by this processor is stored in flash memory, allowing the instrument’s software to be field upgradeable without requiring removal of the covers or any circuitry. The interface of this processor to the interface components: IEEE488, (2) RS232 and Parallel Printer is via the processor’s native bus interface. This bus interface uses standard commercial integrated circuits for hardware. All of these interfaces use interrupt driven software to perform their input/output duties, yielding a high-speed interface.

Signal Conditioning and DSP Sections

For each pair of the instrument’s inputs, there is a set of circuitry that contains two Motorola DSP56001 24-bit processors interfaced to the central processor. The interface is made via a high speed RS485 data link. Refer to Figures 1 and 2.

56-bit Digital Signal

Processor

(DSP56001)

56-bit Digital Signal

Processor

(DSP56001)

AMPLITUDE

MEASUREMENT

Digital

Noisy

Sample

Generator

Detector

Digital HI-Q

BP Filter

Digital HI-Q

BP Filter

Detector

500KHz

18-bit

Digitizer

500KHz

18-bit

Digitizer

SYNCHRONOUS SAMPLE CONTROL

2MHz

8-bit

Digitizer

FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT

RANGE/MODE CONTROL

2MHz

8-bit

Digitizer

Digital

LP filter

(Variable)

Digital

LP filter

(Variable)

Analog

LP filter

(1 MHz)

Analog LP filter (1 MHz)

control

Range & Mode

Figure 2. Digital Signal Processing Block Diagram

14 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

These sections also provide the primary isolation between the grounded digital circuitry of the instrument and the floating input circuitry via an optical isolation barrier, which passes digital signals only.

Each of these sections is capable of operating independently, or can be “joined” to one or both of the other sections to perform simultaneous sampling, as required, by the central processor.

Input Scaling

Each input has identical systems that perform the required scaling of the input signals to the levels required by the amplitude and supervisory systems. Each input’s scaling is fully differential throughout, and is powered by isolated power supplies having its common driven by the respective GUARD terminal. In this manner, excellent common-mode performance is achieved, and the signal quality delivered to the respective amplitude and supervisory sections is maintained, even in a digital “backplane” environment. Each input’s scaling and mode is controlled by parallel digital codes provided by the relevant supervisory DSP. The form of amplification chosen maintains excellent phase shift, even at high frequencies, using many gain stages for amplification. Each gain stage is configured to produce the same nominal phase shift independent of gain setting. Each input system also presents the GUARD terminal connection to its amplitude and supervisory DSPs to act as the common for their isolated power supply requirements.

Amplitude Measurement Circuitry and DSP

Each input, after scaling, is filtered by a high speed digital low-pass filter having its corner frequency (filter clock frequency) controlled by one of three filter clocks common to all amplitude systems. After filtering, each input signal is then converted to 18-bit digital form by an 18-bit. analog-to-digital converter system, whose sample clock is taken from one of three sample clocks common to all amplitude systems. Each converter consists of a pair of time interleaved 250kHz converters, allowing for sampling up to 500kHz. Refer to Figure 2, the Digital Signaling Processing Block diagram.

The output of all four converters (two per input) is read by Motorola’s digital converter, DSP56001, at a rate controlled by the same sample clock used by the converters.

This processor performs all amplitude and harmonic analysis required by the system, and maintains a database of the results of the latest such measurements for its channel. The central processor gains access to these results via a high speed RS485 data link. This same link is used to pass to the DSP the selections to use for its sample and filter clock signals, and details regarding the measurements to be made.

Introduction 15

The channel’s circuit board with this harmonic analysis DSP is internally named the "Amplitude DSP".

Frequency Measurement

Each scaled input passes to a second sub-system for additional analysis. This second sub-system is internally named the “Supervisor DSP” board and consists of the following portions:

Filter and High Speed ADC—Each input passes through an analog 1mHz low

pass filter, and sampled at 2mHz by a pair of 8-bit analog-to-digital converters.

Supervisory Processor—The outputs of the pair of 8-bit converters is read by a

Motorola DSP56001, which performs several asynchronous tasks using this data. This processor is linked to the central processor using the high speed RS485 data link.

Range/Mode Control

Overload and Underload Detection—Each sample is checked for overload

status. If an overload is detected then the DSP changes the range presented to the input scaling circuitry (if able) and informs the central processor that a range change has occurred.

If an underload condition remains for longer than a period provided by the central processor (actually set by the minimum fundamental frequency expected) then the DSP changes the range presented to the input scaling circuitry (if able), and informs the central processor that a range change has occurred. This process is continuous, independent between the inputs, and completely independent of any other activities in progress in the instrument. You can also set a fixed range, rather than the above autorange process.

Bandpass Filtering and Frequency Measurement—Input samples are

passed through a proprietary system. The system performs a tracking bandpass filter function, maintaining track of the fundamental frequency reading within set range. This tracked frequency reading is then used to measure the frequency of the remaining signal component. This process is continuous and independent between the inputs, and completely independent of any other instrument or supervisory processor activities in progress.

Sample Clock Generation

Under the direction of the central processor, the supervisory DSP controls circuitry contained in an ASIC, which generates a digital clock signal whose average

16 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

frequency is settable with 20-bit resolution over a 2:1 range of frequencies. This clock signal is available to all amplitude DSP systems on one of three such signal lines. If desired by the central processor, the supervisory processor can “link” this frequency to that of either of its measured input frequencies. The form of the sample clock is such that the individual sample-to-sample clock period can vary by up to 1%, however, the average over any 256 sample period is always within 1ppm of the set value. This “jittered” sampling ensures that no input signal component can be synchronous to the amplitude system’s sample rate, removing the anomalous effects that occur when this happens.

Figure 3. Sample Clock

Filter Clock Generation

Under the direction of the central processor, the supervisory DSP controls circuitry contained in an ASIC which generates a digital clock signal whose frequency is selectable in 1.2:1 steps over 4.5 decades of frequencies. This clock signal is available to all amplitude DSP systems on one of three such signal lines.

Front Panel Operation 17

Not installed on the 6000-2

Front Panel Operation

This section includes a description of the front panel interface features of the Phase Angle Voltmeter instruments and their basic operation. Refer to Configuration Control for an explanation of the menus.

Front Panel Operational Features

The 6000-2 and -3 Phase Angle Voltmeter instruments have a number of controls and indicators available. See Figure 4.

Figure 4. The 6000-3 Voltmeter Front Panel

Power Switch

Turns the unit ON and OFF.

The Display

The front panel display is a “window” that provides a visual interface to the alphanumeric measurement Results Data and the changeable configuration menu. Refer to

18 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

Figure 5. The instrument’s display can show (up to) four lines of information at one time and maintains up to fifty lines of displayable measurement results, which are accessible by scrolling. You can add or delete lines, as necessary. The display is the interface focus, as it responds to all front panel key presses, showing the options available for that key.

rms 118.7 Vrms B rms 3.410 Arms B true 350.2 W A true 404.8 VA A

The display responds to all front panel keys described below. To place a cursor in a display line, use a DISPLAY SELECT key, which are the corresponding unmarked keys on the right. Press the ENTER key once to remove the cursor. Press it twice to action the configuration.

Figure 5. Display Showing Results Data

Display Select Keys

The unmarked keys located to the right of the display are called the DISPLAY SELECT keys. The topmost key is 1, second is 2, third is 3, and forth is 4:

• Use to bring up the configuration for each

line of Results Data, including blank lines.

• Use to place the cursor in the menu display.

• Use to page through the various parameter

screens using the topmost key identified here as the DISPLAY SELECT 1 key; and

• Use in combination with arrow keys, to

scroll through options to edit a configuration menu item.

Front Panel Operation 19

The Up and Down Arrow Keys

The é and ê keys (up and down arrows) are part of the DATA ENTRY keypad. Use these keys:

• For scrolling the display Results Data lines,

one line at a time;

• To scroll through selectable options at a

DATA ENTRY

cursor position;

• When no cursor displays, use the é and ê

keys to scroll through various parameter menu details given in the last three configuration menu lines.

The Left and Right Arrow Keys

The ç and è keys (left and right arrows) are part of the DATA ENTRY keypad. Use these keys:

• To move the cursor to a new selectable

option within a menu line.

• When no cursor displays, use the ç and è

keys to scroll through various parameter menu details given in the last three configuration menu lines.

Total & Harms Keys

The TOTAL key requests a total value of the selected parameter item. The HARMS key toggles the “bandwidth” selection between AC+DC and a harmonic range.

TOTAL

HARMS

20 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

Numeric Entry Keys

These keys are part of the DATA ENTRY keypad:

• Use the numbered keys to enter numerical

data into the display.

• Use the – (minus sign) to enter negative

integers and to change negative integers to positive, as required.

• Use the . (decimal point) to enter decimal

values.

• Use the m and K keys to designate “micro”

and “kilo”. Note that these keys become disabled automatically when not applicable.

Clear & Enter Keys

The CLEAR key is part of the DATA ENTRY keypad and is used to:

• Discard changes made in either a menu line

or a menu.

• Abandon any change made, restarting the

selection from the beginning.

The ENTER key is part of the DATA ENTRY keypad and is used to:

• Implement the action per the changes made

in either a menu line or a menu.

• Enter updated data into the menu settings.

DATA ENTRY

CLEAR

DATA ENTRY

ENTER

CLEAR ENTER

Store & Recall Keys

The STORE and RECALL keys are part of the

CONTROL keypad. These keys are used within

the Configuration Setup menus to:

• Store configurations in the internal non-

volatile “library” (65535 configurations).

• Recall any of the stored configurations.

• Overwrite and remove a configuration,

select or enter the number of an already defined stored configuration.

Refer to Storing and Retrieving Configurations on page 32.

STORE

RECALL

SETUP

CONTROL

CAL

LOCAL

Setup Key

The SETUP key brings up a menu list so you can reset the instrument to its default configuration. Note that the Measurement Configuration default is set to measure signals in the 40Hz to 500Hz frequency range.

• Use to set Analog inputs and outputs. Note

that the AIO option provides additional outputs, if fitted.

• Use to set the IEEE488, RS232 interfaces

and Parallel printer. For more details refer to Interface Operation on page 63.

• Use to set the display format of time and

date information. Refer to Setting/Format- ting Time & Date on page 31, for details.

• Use to set the internal real time clock.

• Use to enable the ê key to scroll the

display to the lowermost menu lines.

• Use to perform “covers-on” software

upgrades. Note: Contact Vitrek for specific details to perform software upgrades.

Front Panel Operation 21

CONTROL

STORE

RECALL

SETUP

CAL

LOCAL

Local Key & Indicator

The LOCAL key is part of the CONTROL keypad.

• Use to return control to the front panel

when using the IEEE488 interface to another controller. For more details refer to Interface Operation on page 63.

• The indicator light illuminates when front

panel operation is active.

22 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

Calibration Key

The CAL key, is used to perform the following tasks:

• Display the present status of the instrument:

Model Options fitted Software version # of days since last calibration Status of the internal multiprocessor communications and memory checks.

• Test of the internal digital and analog

circuitry.

• Perform an Internal, Input, and External

Calibration of the instrument.

Print Key

Use the PRINT key to print the display menu or data results.

STORE

RECALL

SETUP

CONTROL

CAL

LOCAL

The Nullmeter

The nullmeter is a lighted bargraph. You can customize the graph by pressing its

SELECT and SCALE keys.

Figure 6. The Nullmeter

The NULLMETER SELECT key allows you to select the parameter to be displayed on the nullmeter in the same manner as defining a display line parameter.

Note: If the zero position of the nullmeter is defined as other than zero, then a deviation parameter must be selected to perform the required offset. Refer to the

Nullmeter Display Menu on page 49, for details on displaying Nullmeter results.

Front Panel Operation 23

The NULLMETER SCALE key allows you to select the:

• Scaling type: dot or bar;

• Linearity: linear or logarithmic;

• Zero position: left, centered, or mirrored around the center.

Note: The center zero position, log-scaled format provides a useful adjustment capability of “coarse/medium/fine”. Refer to Nullmeter Scale Menu on page 58, for more details.

Input Connector Keys & Indicators

Use either the voltage (V) or the current (A) input connection, but not both. The 6000-2 voltmeter has inputs A and B, and the 6000-3 voltmeter has A, B and SYNC.

If you select an externally driven guard, then connect a convenient source of a low impedance-guarding signal to the GUARD terminal.

Volts

Amps Amps

Volts

Figure 7. Input Terminals

Warning: Ensure that all voltages are removed before coming in contact with any of the input signal wiring to your voltmeter. This caution particularly applies to the outer cover of the input BNC connectors.

Use the respective input (A, B, or SYNC) key:

• To select the individual input range (or autorange) and mode desired.

• To set a desired amplitude scaling for each individual input.

• To select whether the GUARD terminal is to be internally or externally driven.

Refer to Configuration Setup on page 39.

CAUTION : High Voltages

Volts

24 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

View the respective connector’s indicator lights to determine, which input is being:

• Measured (IN USE);

• Used for fundamental frequency determination (SYNC);

• Scaled (SCALED);

• Overloaded (OVERLOAD). The instrument automatically protects itself against

serious overload, even when held on the most sensitive input range

Notes:

1) The maximum voltage between the GUARD terminal and an Input Low is 10V for

all voltage ranges of 2.5V and below, and for all current ranges. On the higher voltage ranges, up to 1000V may be present between the terminal and input.

2) Noisy and inaccurate readings may result if the GUARD terminal is left disconnected when external guard has been selected.

Making Input Connections

When deciding which inputs to use, attempt to follow the same pattern for all applications. Use the following guidelines:

• If measuring amplitudes and/or distortion of a single signal, use input A.

• If measuring phase (or phase related amplitudes) between a pair of signals,

connect the ‘reference’ signal to input A and the “unknown” signal to input B.

• If making a power measurement, use input A for voltage and B for current.

• If using a third signal purely for synchronization purposes, use the SYNC input

for this purpose.

Guard Connections

The input capacitance of each input to ground is very low (a few hundred picofarads) thus the use of an external connection for guard is rarely needed. We recommend using external guarding under the following circumstances:

• If low level (less than 1V or 10mA) signals are being measured in the presence

of significant common mode voltages or interference.

• The input connections are extremely long (greater than 10ft).

• When using the current input, current low MUST be externally connected to the

GUARD terminal. And the input pair configured to use External guard

• When using internally connected Guard, choose the input having the largest

signal.

Front Panel Operation 25

Input Cables

Signal input connections are made to the front panel BNC connectors, using the V or

A connector for each input as desired. Each input is configured, such that the outer

shell of the connector is the input LO (negative) connection, and the central pin is the input HI (positive) connection.

• Reconfigure each input while no signals are present.

• Check the configuration of each input prior to making connections, particularly

the GUARD connections.

Warning: NEVER TOUCH the outer shell of any of the BNC connectors (including unused ones) when signals are applied to the instrument.

Notes:

1) Particularly when high frequency phase sensitive measurements are being made, it

is highly recommended that all cables be similar in both construction and length. The phase shift caused by dissimilar cable lengths is of the order of 0.03° per foot at 100kHz.

2) When measuring voltages, reduce potential interference and crosstalk between inputs by the use of shielded cables (e.g., coaxial cable). If input capacitance is of concern, then use tightly wound wires of small gage, twisted pairs.

3) When measuring currents, particularly at the lower levels (10mA and less), use tightly twisted pairs of wires of sufficient gage for the current being carried. In the presence of severe interference, or where the current signal has significant common mode voltage, keep the input connections as short as possible.

4) The GUARD connections (if any) may be made with any suitable form of connection.

Using the Operational Keys

Whether viewing a display showing parameters, measurement results, or configuration menu items, the method of front panel operation is the same. Refer also to Configuration Setup on page 39.

Changing Displayed Information or Settings

To enter changes to a configuration, press a DISPLAY SELECT key to place the cursor on the line of data you are modifying. If you press the ENTER key once, the cursor disappears, although the displayed menu accommodates the new data. Press a

26 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

DISPLAY SELECT key again to place the cursor in the display. If you press the ENTER

key twice the new data is applied and the display shows the Results Data.

Line #03 Parameter p= Phs Bh01--Ah01 Display as +/-180 Filter = 30.000s

Figure 8. Display Line Configuration Data

Ø To change a display line of Results Data:

1. While the display shows the Results Data screen, press the DISPLAY SELECT key that corresponds to the display line requiring change. A display showing parameter values will come up.

2. Press a corresponding DISPLAY SELECT key a second time. A cursor will flash in the display line to allow you to:

• Directly change the displayed information at the cursor.

• Change the displayed selection to the next one available.

3. Use the ç and è keys to move the cursor to the data or option you wish to change.

4. Use the DATA ENTRY keys to enter a value.

5. Press the é and ê keys to scroll the options, as required.

6. Press the ENTER key twice to apply the change.

Ø To select an option:

1. From the Results Data display, press a DISPLAY SELECT key that correlates with the line of Results Data you wish to modify. Refer to the Display Select Keys on page 18.

2. From the Parameter display, press the DISPLAY SELECT key that correlates with the line containing the option you wish to select, until the cursor flashes at the option.

3. Use the é, ê, ç and è keys to select a new option. Press ENTER twice.

Front Panel Operation 27

Setting Defaults

Ø To set defaults:

Important Note: This action applies to all configured Results Data display lines. Store any preferred setups before performing this step.

1. Press the SETUP key.

2. Press the DISPLAY SELECT key correlating to Set Defaults. The defaults will automatically apply.

3. Press the ENTER key. The Results Data display will show the first four configured lines, which are based on the preset Parameter and Setup Measurement defaults.

For line #00 the Results Data is: Fund xx.xu Vrms A The default Parameter setup is: p = True RMSAh 1 - 1

Display as volts rms Filter = 0.000S

For line #01 the Results Data is: Fund xx.xu Vrms B The default Parameter setup is: p = True RMSBh 1 - 1

Display as volts rms Filter = 0.000S

For line #02 the Results Data is: Greal + x.xx B The default Parameter setup is: p = Gre Bh01/Ah01

Display as Ratio Filter = 0.000S

For line #03 the Results Data is: Fund - xxx.xxx B The default Parameter setup is: p = Phs Bh01/Ah01

Display as +/- 180 Filter = 0.000S

If you press the Nullmeter’s SELECT key, the default Nullmeter Parameter screen displays. Press ENTER to show Nullmeter Results Data and the Nullmeter light will reflect the reading.

The default Nullmtr: Parameter setup is: p = Phs Bh01/Ah01

Display as +/- 180 Filter = 0.000S

28 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

The default Nullmeter Scaling screen is: NULLMETER SCALING

0 to 1 = + 180.000

Bar Lin Centered

The default Setup Measurements are as follows:

Fundamental Frequency Fund: Measured Fundamental Frequency Range Fund: 40.0 – 500 Hz Fundamental Source From: AB Nom Amplitude Measurement Period Min Period 0.250S Filter frequency Filter 50.0kHz Maximum Harmonics Max Harmonics: 200

Fundamental Bandwidth Fundamental÷BW: 2 Analysis FFT Type: Normal Fundamental Frequency Averaging Sync Averaging: med Fundamental Frequency Measured Period Sync Period: 0.250S

Ø To abort a displayed menu and discard any changes:

• Press the CLEAR key to abandon any change made and restart the selection from the beginning. Note that the cursor remains in the item being changed. —Or—

• Select an all-uppercase “heading line” and press the DISPLAY SELECT 1 key. Press a new DISPLAY SELECT key.

Ø To change a display line:

1. Within the Results Data display, press the DISPLAY SELECT key next to the line to be changed. Use the é and ê keys to scroll up and down to the various lines. Note that the topmost line is #00.

2. The display will show the present measurement details/configuration for that Results Data line. Press the DISPLAY SELECT 1 key repetitively, to change the Parameter Type for the display data.

• With this menu line, you may select: a single parameter; a deviation between

two parameters, such as a parameter and constant; or various “special” data.

• The menu line corresponding to DISPLAY SELECT 2 key, indicates the

primary (p) parameter for that Results Data display line and it may give the bandwidth, harmonic, or harmonic range that applies to the primary parameter.

Front Panel Operation 29

Note: These parameters: gain (ratio), real (in phase), imaginary (quad), and phase have a primary input, a reference input and a harmonic specification. Since the 6000 instrument family has no dedicated reference input or harmonic specification, it offers greater flexibility in usage.

• You may select a reference parameter (r) similarly to the primary parameter

from a difference (p-r), a ratio (p/r) or a ratio difference (p/r: 1).

• You can choose to display the Results Data measurement in units other than

the instrument’s default units for that parameter. Note that the instrument automatically applies any conversions necessary.

• Filter the final measurement result using a single pole filter having any time

constant between 10mS and 1000S. Note that the filtering applies to each Results Data line. Note that the same parameter or Results Data can be displayed in a separate display line using either no filtering or completely different filtering.

3. Press the ENTER once to set the change. This action removes the cursor, but rather than implementing the change allows you to make another edit.

4. When the displayed menu has been changed to suit your requirements, press the

ENTER key, once if no cursor is flashing and twice if one is, to action any

changes made. The Results Data will display with readings based on the changes you made.

Ø To adjust a “noisy” measurement (to a given value):

1. Press the DISPLAY SELECT key next to the line to be changed. The display will show details of the presently selected parameter for this measurement result.

2. Press the DISPLAY SELECT key corresponding to FILTER =.

3. Enter a numeric value using the DATA ENTRY keys to apply a single pole filter having any time constant between 10mS and 1000S.

4. Press ENTER twice.

Ø To provide a “fast/medium/slow” style of adjustment capability:

1. Press the DISPLAY SELECT key next to the line to be changed. The display will show details of the presently selected parameter for the measurement result for this line.

2. Apply a single pole filter having any time constant between 10mS and 1000S.

3. Select the same parameter for three or more Results Data display lines and apply decreasing degrees of filtering, the smaller the filter the less the adjustment capacity.

30 6000-2 & -3 User Guide, Rev E

Ø To add display lines (up to 50 lines possible):

1. Scroll the Results Data display until a blank line shows.

2. Press the DISPLAY SELECT key next to the blank line. As a starting condition, the display will show the next line number with the same parameter/configuration menu as the previous line.

3. Redefine the display line, as required.

Ø To delete a display line:

1. Press the DISPLAY SELECT key next to the Results Data display line to be deleted. The display will show the line number and the parameter details for the selected line.

2. Press the DISPLAY SELECT 1 key repetitively, to move the parameter format through several format options. Note that the line number does not change. Continue pressing until the command, Delete shows in the display.

3. Press the ENTER key. Note that if the deleted line was between other display lines the other lines automatically close up around the deleted line.

Ø To add dashes in a display line as a separator:

1. Press the DISPLAY SELECT key next to the Results Data display line to have separation dashes below it. The display will show details of the presently selected parameter for the Results Data for this line.

Entering New or Changed Information

Ø To “enter” data and changes into the menu—when the cursor is flashing:

1. Move the cursor to the display line’s data or menu item you wish to change. Press the ç or è keys to move the cursor along the line to the previous or next (respectively) data or menu item to be changed.

2. Display the desired option: Press the é or ê keys when the cursor is in a multiple-choice type of selection, —Or— Use DATA ENTRY keys to enter a numeric value.

3. Press the ENTER key. Note that the remaining contents of the menu may also change because of a significant change in menu selections.

4. Press the ENTER key a second time to view the Results Data for your change.

+ 71 hidden pages

Vitrek Xitron 6000-2, Xitron 6000-3 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual