VITA VM 13 User manual

Working Instructions

VITA Farbkommunikation

VITA Farbkommunikatio n

VITA shade communicat ionVITA shade taking

For veneering metal substructures in the
conventional CTE range.
Available in VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER and
VITA classical A1–D4 shades.

VITA shade reproducti on

VITA shade, VITA made.

VITA shade control

Date of issue: 07.13

Table of contents

Patient case 4

VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER 5

Fine-structure ceramic 6

Data – facts 7

Indication range 8

Facts worth knowing about the CTE 9

Firing result 10

Substructure design and layer thicknesses 11

OPAQUE layering 12

Processing of the opaque
for precious metal alloys 13

Processing of the opaque
for precious metal-free alloys 15

BASIC layering 16

BUILD UP layering 20

Firing chart 25

Classification tables 26

VITA modelling liquids 27

Additional materials 28

Assortments 31

Information 34

3

Patient case

Restoring oral harmony.

The result of the teamwork of the dentist, Dr. Enrico Poli (Padua/Italy) and the
dental technician, Maurizio Buzzo (Venice/Italy).

Photo courtesy of: M. Buzzo

Situation after preparation of teeth 11 and 21.

Metal crown copings; cervical reduction for shoulder.

Crown copings prepared with opaque and shoulder material.

Restoration in harmony with the patient's natural dentition.

4

VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER

®

Competence for more than 80 years

Shade management is more than just shade determination. At VITA, shade ma­nagement means incorporating the best solutions into a complete process. The
key question we have always asked ourselves is: How can we improve shade
determination and reproduction? The answer: By establishing standardized
process steps to increase the efficiency, we can help dental specialists achieve
better results while spending less time and money.

VITA shade taking

The accurate determination of the basic shade of a tooth is the key
prerequisite for patient acceptance. The basic shade is generally found
in the dentine center.

The determination of the effects

Natural teeth are unique and a perfect creation of nature. Therefore, after
determining the base shade, details of a tooth (translucent zones or anomalies,
for example) need to be recorded to obtain a perfect match. We recommend
the use of a digital photo to analyze details or effects.

VITA shade communication

To ensure perfect reproduction of the determined shade, it is essential to
ensure that all parameters are communicated accurately to the dental labo­ratory. Any misunderstanding leads to expensive and unnecessary extra work.
For this reason we recommend using the color communication form to describe
the basic shade and a digital photo for the analysis of effects or details. The
software of VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 provides a template to have all data
on a single sheet – a laboratory communication form. This information will
enable you to create a restoration that matches the remaining teeth perfectly
in a quick and reliable manner.

VITA shade reproduction

The most important step in reproducing a tooth is to ensure that the deter­mined tooth shade is accurately reproduced. Then the shade effects of the
tooth can be reproduced to obtain a high-quality restoration.
You can be sure that whichever VITA materials you choose, you will be able to
achieve this objective without time-consuming mixing or testing.

VITA shade control

In the final step, qualitative shade evaluation should not be left to the
subjective opinion of an individual. Within the VITA process, objective control
of the final restoration is the most important prerequisite for ensuring satisfied
patients and avoiding additional work.

5

Fine-structure ceramic

VITA VM 13 was designed as a feldspar veneering ceramic
for metal substructures made of conventional alloys in
the CTE range of 13.8 – 15.2. The CTE range and the firing
temperature of VITA VM 13 are optimally matched to high
gold content, reduced gold content and palladium based or
precious metal-free alloys. With these firing temperatures
distortion of the alloy can be virtually ruled out.

VITA VM 13 is a ceramic, which in terms of structure features
considerably more homogeneous distribution of the crystal­line and glass phase than traditional ceramics. This type of
structure is described as a "fine structure". In figs. 1 and 2
the fine structure of VITA VM 13 is compared with that of a
traditional structure.

Fig. 1

The etched surface (etched for 20 seconds with VITA
CERAMICS ETCH) of a conventional metal ceramic shows
agglomerations of leucite crystals of up to 30 μm in dia­meter. The differences between the CTE values of the leucite
agglomerations and those of the glass phase can lead to
stress cracks.

Fig. 2

The etched surface of VITA VM 13 (etched for 20 seconds
with VITA CERAMICS ETCH) shows an extremely fine distri­bution of the leucite crystals in the glass matrix.
By means of localized balancing of the differing CTE values of
the leucite and the glass phase it is possible to avoid larger
stress cracks.

Good surface structure

In addition to improved physical properties, the fine structure
of VITA VM 13 offers the dental technician and the patient
a whole set of advantages. Since VITA VM 13 demonstrates
excellent grinding and polishing characteristics after firing,
it is possible to achieve very smooth surfaces. This reduces
plaque adhesion to the ceramic surface and results in a
pleasant sensation of cleanliness for the patient.

Fig. 1: SEM image of the surface of

a conventional metal ceramic
(magnification 5000 x).

6

Fig. 2: SEM image of the surface of

VITA VM 13 (magnification 5000 x).

120

Data – facts

Improved physical properties

In addition to the lower firing temperature, VITA VM 13 demonstrates an
improvement in flexural strength, its adhesive bonding and resistance to thermal
cycling while retaining the same, low degree of solubility in acid compared with
conventional metal ceramics.

120

3-point flexural strength [MPa]

Biegefestigkeit [MPa]

100

80

60

40

20

ISO limit

Solubility in acid [μg/cm2]

Säurelöslichkeit [µg/cm2]

100

80

60

40

20

ISO limit

conventional

Ceramic

conventional

Ceramic

VITA VM 13

VITA VM 13

Flexural strength

Flexural strength of VITA VM 13 compared with that of a conventional metal
ceramic and the ISO limit according to ISO 6872.

Solubility

Solubility in acid of VITA VM 13 compared with that of a conventional ceramic and
the ISO limit according to ISO 6872.

VITA VM 13 – Physical properties

CTE (25-500°C) of OPAQUE 13.6–14.0

Unit of

measure

10-6 · K

Value

-1

Transformation temperature of OPAQUE

CTE (25-500°C) of BASE DENTINE 13.1–13.6

Softening point of BASE DENTINE approx. 635

Transformation temperature of BASE DENTINE

Solubility of BASE DENTINE approx. 12

Density of BASE DENTINE approx. 2.5

3-point flexural strength of BASE DENTINE approx. 120

Average particle size of BASE DENTINE approx. 18

Adhesive bond testing (according to ISO 9693) of BASE DENTINE

°C

-6

10

°C

°C

μg/cm

g/cm

MPa

μm

MPa

· K

-1

2

3

approx. 570/577

approx.

60/565

approx. 43

Enamel-like properties

Like all VITA fine-structure ceramics, VITA VM 13 demonstrates behavior very
similar to that of natural tooth enamel. This is confirmed by studies carried out with
VITA VM 7 by the Dental Clinic of the University of Zurich in Switzerland and
Dr. Giordano from the Goldman School of Medicine of the University of Boston.

Literature: E. A. McLaren, R. A. Giordano II, R. Pober, B. Abozenada „Zweiphasige Vollglas Verblendkeramik“,
(Quintessenz Zahntech 30, 1, 32-45 [2004])

7

Application area

For veneering alloys in the CTE range of 13.8–15.2 10

-6

-1

K

Firing temperature of

ceramic [°C]

1000

900

750

7

Firing temperature of

Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic, measured at 25–500°C

VITA TITANIUM

PORCELAIN

substructure substructure substructure substructure substructure

98

16151413121110

17

ceramic [°C]

1000

950950

900

850850

800800

750

Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic substructure material, measured at 25–500°C

(alloys measured at 25–600°C)

VITA VM 7

CTE (25–500°C) 6.9–7.3 · 10

VITA TITANIUM PORCELAIN

CTE (25–500°C) 8.2–8.9 · 10

VITA VM 9

CTE (25–500°C) 9.0–9.2 · 10

VITA VM 13

CTE (25–500°C) 13.1–13.6 · 10

VITA VM 15

CTE (25–500°C) 15.5–15.7 · 10

-6

-1

· K

-6

-1

· K

-6

-1

· K

-6

-1

· K

-6

-1

· K

VITA In-Ceram ALUMINA, CTE (25–500°C) 7.2–7.6 · 10-6 · K
VITA In-Ceram ZIRCONIA, CTE (25–500°C) 7.6–7.8 · 10-6 · K

for titanium and titanium alloys

Titanium (grade 1) CTE (25–500°C), approx. 9.6 · 10

Ti6AI4V CTE (25–500°C), approx. 10.2 · 10-6 · K

VITA In-Ceram YZ

CTE (25–500°C), approx. 10.5 · 10

High gold content-, reduced precious metal content,

palladium based and non-precious alloys

CTE (25–600°C) 13.8–15.2 · 10

Multi-indication alloys

CTE (25–600°C) 16.0–17.3 · 10

-1

-1

-6

-1

· K

-1

-6

-1

· K

*

-6

-1

· K

*

-6

-1

· K

* visit the download section of our website for more information about alloys

8

Facts worth knowing about the CTE

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Horizontal

section
through a
schematic

crown

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c

Horizontal

section
through a
schematic

crown

m

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Horizontal

section
through a
schematic

crown

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a

l

i

c

m

a

t

e

r

i

a

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c

m

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a

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If the CTE of the substructure material is considerably lower than the CTE of the
veneering ceramic, tangential tensile stress will increase and form radial cracks
that run to the outside. This may result in late cracks.

If the CTE of the substructure material is considerably higher than the CTE of the
veneering ceramic, tangential compressive stress will increase and form cracks that
run almost parallel to the substructure.
This may result in chipping.

The ideal tangential and radial tensile stress is ensured if the CTE of the ceramic
has been optimally matched with the CTE of the substructure material.

Optimal preconditions are given if the veneering ceramic features a somewhat
lower CTE value than the substructure material. Due to adhesive bonding, the
ceramic must follow the thermal behavior of the substructure material. If cooled
down, the ceramic is exposed to slight tangential compressive stress.

If a substructure material is veneered with ceramic, the layer thickness of the
veneer is a decisive factor in addition to the CTE value. Accordingly, differences
in strain (radial tensile stress) are obtained, which will grow in case of increasing
layer thickness.

9

Firing result

The firing result obtained with dental ceramics depends to a great extent on the
individual user's firing procedure and substructure design. The type of furnace, the
location of the temperature sensor, the firing tray and the size of the workpiece
during the firing cycles are decisive for the result of firing.

Our application-technical recommendations for the firing temperatures (regardless
of whether they have been provided orally, in writing or in the form of practical in­structions) are based on extensive experience and tests. The user, however, should
consider this information only as a reference. Should the surface quality or the
degree of transparency or glaze not correspond to the result that is achieved under
optimum conditions, the firing procedure must be adjusted correspondingly.

The crucial factors for the firing procedure are not the firing temperature displayed
by the furnace but the appearance and the surface condition of the ceramic after
the firing process.

Note: Firing trays may also have significant influence on the result. All

firing temperatures for VITA VM are based on the use of dark-colored ceramic
firing trays. When using light-colored firing trays, the temperature may vary by
10–20°C - in some cases even by up to 40° - from the reference value given
depending on the type of furnace that is used and needs to be adjusted corres­pondingly.

A slight luster of the ceramic surface is an evidence for correct firing. If the
ceramic, however, appears to be milky and non-homogeneous, the firing
temperature is too low. Approach the correct firing temperature in steps of 5–10°C.

10

Substructure design and layer thicknesses

Substructure design

Crowns and bridge units which are to be veneered with ceramic must be modeled
in reduced anatomical size. A minimum wall thickness of 0.4 mm is required in
order to ensure a minimum wall thickness of 0.3 mm after finishing. Avoid sharp
edges, undercuts and deep grooves. The stability can be further increased by means
of metal collars or inlay-type supports in the palatal area.

Regarding the substructure, investing, casting, etching, finishing, sandblasting and
oxidation please follow the alloy manufacturer's instructions.

Note: Our practical experience in the CTE range of 13.8–15.2 · 10-6 · K-1

has shown that good results can be achieved when the CTE of the alloy
(measured at 25–600 °C) is within the range of 14.0–14.4 · 10-6 · K-1. In the
case of alloys with a CTE (25–600°C) >14.5 · 10-6 · K-1 slow cooling should be
used from the first dentine firing onwards. If the alloy has a higher CTE value,
cooling in the 900°C–700 °C range should not be completed in less than 3
minutes. For further information see the list of alloys tested in combination
with VITA VM 13. This list can be found at www.vita-zahnfabrik.com under
Download/Veneering Materials/Alloy List.

Layer thicknesses for ceramics

When preparing a ceramic veneer, a uniform layer thickness across the entire
surface to be veneered must be ensured. The entire thickness of the ceramic
layer, however, should not exceed 2 mm (the optimum layer thickness ranges
from 0.7 to 1.2 mm).

11

OPAQUE layering

Metal substructure in the CTE

range of 13.8 to 15.2

VITA VM 13 WASH OPAQUE

To prepare the VITA VM 13 BASIC and BUILD UP layering,
first apply WASH OPAQUE and OPAQUE to the substructure.

WASH OPAQUE fulfills the following functions:

1. Formation of the required adhesive oxides

2. Formation of a bond to the alloy surface

3. Enhancing the chroma of the restoration;
particularly in the case of precious metal-free alloys

VITA VM 13 OPAQUE

Wash opaque (WO) and the respective opaque material
(OP) or SUN OPAQUE (SO) materials are available for the
washbake. WO, OP and SO have the same chemical-physical
properties and hence are perfectly suitable for the washbake.

For opaque firing, one opaque material is required for
reproducing the VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER shades (one for
each lightness level OP0-OP5) and the VITA classical A1–D4
shades (one for each shade).

Note: To produce a more intense and warmer shade,

the respective OPAQUE can be mixed with Wash Opaque
(WO golden-orange) or SUN OPAQUE (SO1 yellowish, SO2
orange and SO3 reddish). However, the final result of the
restoration may differ significantly from the shade sample.

12

Processing of the opaque for precious metal alloys

Substructure preparation

The substructure before sandblasting, processed with a fine, cross-cut tungsten
carbide bur.

Sandblast the substructures with 125 μm aluminum oxide at a pressure of
2 bar. Use a grit size of 250 μm and a pressure of 3–4 bar for precious metal­free alloys. Please adhere precisely to the manufacturer's instructions for
preparation of the substructure.

The substructure oxidized according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Important: Bonding alloys containing zinc (Zn) must be sandblasted, oxidized,

and after oxidation firing etched in a clean, warm acidic bath for approx. 5 min.
Any etching residue must be removed with steam.

Wash opaque firing

Powder opaque

Mix the powder opaque with VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID to a thin, watery consistency
and apply to the clean, dry substructure with a brush suitable for opaque materials.

VITA SPRAY-ON procedure

The wash opaque can also be applied using the VITA SPRAY-ON procedure.
Mix the powder wash opaque with VITA SPRAY-ON LIQUID in the appropriate glass
container and spray homogeneously onto the substructure surface. See separate
working instructions for VITA SPRAY-ON (No. 492M).

Paste opaque

Alternatively, paste wash opaque can be used.
To apply, massage it into the surface of the substructure in a thin layer.

Note: The pastes should be stirred before use with a glass or plastic instru-

ment. Should the OPAQUE PASTE be difficult to stir after longer periods of sto­rage, its original consistency can be regained by adding VITA VM PASTE FLUID.

The paste opaque requires a longer predrying time in order to dry.
Please observe the recommended firing cycles. The paste opaque must not come
into contact with water, since this may result in cracks and bubble formation in
the opaque during firing.

13

Processing of the opaque for precious metal alloys

Recommended firing - wash firing:

Powder

Paste

Predry.

°C

500 2.00 5.12 75 890 2.00 5.12

500 4.00 5.12 75 890 2.00 5.12

min. min. °C/min.

approx.

temp.°C min.

VAC
min.

The fired wash opaque on a ceramic firing tray.

Opaque firing

Mix the opaque powder to a creamy consistency with VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID,
apply with a brush or glass instrument to mask the surface to be veneered and fire
as recommended.
As an alternative the opaque paste can be applied to the dry substructure.
The opaque can also be applied using the VITA SPRAY-ON procedure.
The classification table for the OPAQUE materials can be found on page 26.

Recommended firing - opaque firing:

Powder

Paste

Predry.

°C

500 2.00 5.12 75 890 1.00 5.12

500 4.00 5.12 75 890 1.00 5.12

min. min. °C/min.

approx.

temp.°C min.

The opaque on a ceramic firing tray shows a light surface glaze after firing.

VAC
min.

14

Processing of the opaque for precious metal-free alloys

Guidelines for reliable veneering of precious metal-free alloys

Since substructures made of precious metal-free alloys are poor heat conductors
and demonstrate a different behavior to precious metal alloys, the following points
must be observed when veneering non-precious metal alloys with VITA VM 13:

– Use only special ceramic crucibles when casting precious metal-free alloys.
– Use only new material for casting.
– Sharp edges must be avoided when finishing the frameworks.
– Sandblast with 250 μm aluminum oxide at a pressure of 3 – 4 bar.

Please observe the alloy manufacturer's instructions!!!

– To avoid discoloration, all surfaces not to be veneered should be sandblasted

or polished with rubber polishers after each firing process. Then the substructure
needs to be cleaned thoroughly.

– In order to achieve secure bonding between a non-precious metal alloy and

VITA VM 13, the wash opaque firing temperature must be increased by 50 °C and
the opaque firing by 30 °C. This allows better coating of the surface and improves
bonding.

Recommended firing – wash opaque firing of precious metal-free alloys:

Powder

Paste

Predry.

°C

500 2.00 5.52 75 940 2.00 5.52

500 4.00 5.52 75 940 2.00 5.52

min. min. °C/min.

approx.

temp.°C min.

VAC
min.

Recommended firing - opaque firing for precious metal-free alloys:

Powder

Paste

Predry.

°C

500 2.00 5.36 75 920 1.00 5.36

500 4.00 5.36 75 920 1.00 5.36

min. min. °C/min.

approx.

temp.°C min.

VAC
min.

Note: The fired opaque demonstrates a high degree of surface glaze and a

glassy, transparent appearance.

15

BASIC layering

VITA VM 13 ENAMEL

VITA VM 13 BASE DENTINE

OPAQUE-coated metal

substructure in the CTE

of 13.8–15.2

After applying WASH OPAQUE and OPAQUE, VITA VM 13
BASIC layering consists of the application of BASE DENTINE
and ENAMEL.

The color-bearing BASE DENTINE materials, which provide
good coverage, offer the perfect precondition for the pre­paration of veneers with intensive shades.
With this two-layer alternative VITA offers an ideal solution
for the reproduction of optimal shade results in case of thin
walls.

Additionally, the intensive shade effect of the BASE DENTINE
materials permits generous use of the ENAMEL materials
which create the desired translucency.
After applying OPAQUE material, the user is able to prepare
a natural restoration with a lifelike appearance with only two
layers.

Note: The intensity of the restoration can be varied with

different layer thicknesses of BASE DENTINE and ENAMEL.
The thicker the BASE DENTINE layer, the more intensive is
the shade of the restoration. The thicker the ENAMEL layer,
the paler is the shade of the restoration.

The use of CHROMA PLUS materials helps to achieve perfect
shade reproduction in the cervical area.
To obtain a brighter or warmer shade, the respective BASE
DENTINE can either be mixed with SUN DENTINE or replaced
by SUN DENTINE. When using Chroma Plus or Sun Dentine
materials, the final result of the restoration may differ signifi­cantly from the shade sample.

16

BASIC layering

Metal substructures coated with OPAQUE

To allow easy removal of the restoration later on, the model must be previously
insulated using the VITA Modisol pen.

Application of VITAVM

®13 BASE DENTINE

Apply the desired shade of BASE DENTINE starting from the neck to obtain the
required complete tooth shape.
The centric, lateral and protrusive occlusion should be checked in the articulator
already during this stage.

To obtain adequate space for the enamel, removal of corresponding amount of the
BASE DENTINE material according to the layering pattern is required.

Application of VITAVM

®13 ENAMEL

Apply several small portions of ENAMEL to complete the crown mould beginning
from the middle third of the crown. To compensate firing shrinkage, the size of the
mould must be prepared somewhat larger.
The classification tables for the VITA VM 13 ENAMEL materials can be found on
page 26.

17

BASIC layering

Prior to the first dentine firing, the individual units of bridges must be separated in
the interproximal areas down to the substructure.

Restoration after completion of layering, ready for first dentine firing.

Recommended firing - first dentine firing

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 6.00 6.55 55 880 1.00 6.55

approx.

temp.°C min.

Restoration after first dentine firing.

Corrections of shape/further layering

Insulate the model once more with the VITA Modisol pen.
The interdental spaces and the basal surface of the pontic must be filled
with BASE DENTINE.

VAC
min.

18

Apply BASE DENTINE starting from the neck and add ENAMEL in the body area
up to the incisal area to perform subsequent corrections of the shape.

Recommended firing - second dentine firing

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 6.00 6.44 55 870 1.00 6.44

approx.

temp.°C min.

VAC
min.

BASIC layering

Bridge and crown after second dentine firing.

Finishing

Finish the bridge or crown respectively. For glaze firing, the entire
surface must be ground evenly and grinding particles must be removed
carefully.

In case of formation of dust, use an extraction system or wear a face
mask. Additionally, protective goggles must be worn when grinding
the fired ceramic.

Recommended firing – glaze firing

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 0.00 4.45 80 880 2.00 –

approx.

temp.°C min.

VAC
min.

If required, the entire restoration can be coated with VITA AKZENT Plus GLAZE and
then individualization can be carried out using the VITA AKZENT Plus stains.
(see VITA AKZENT Plus working instructions, No. 1925)

®

Recommended firing - glaze firing with VITA AKZENT

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 4.00 4.45 80 880 1.00 –

approx.

temp.°C min.

Plus

VAC
min.

Completed restoration on the model.

Note: If the restoration needs to be adjusted (ground) when it is tried in,

it must be smoothed again. Polishing or glaze firing have proved to be very
suitable.

19

BUILD UP layering

VITA VM 13 ENAMEL

OPAQUE-coated metal

substructure in the CTE of

13.8–15.2

VITA VM 13 BASE DENTINE VITA VM 13 TRANSPA DENTINE

After applying WASH OPAQUE and OPAQUE, VITA VM 13
BUILD UP layering consists of the application of BASE
DENTINE, TRANSPA DENTINE and ENAMEL.

The combination of color-bearing BASE DENTINE and trans­lucent TRANSPA DENTINE in the BUILD UP layering creates
an enhanced effect of depth in the restoration. The use of
the three-layer method permits reduced and more individual
application of the ENAMEL materials.
As a result, restorations have a lifelike and natural
appearance.

By combining ENAMEL and TRANSPA DENTINE according
to the layer thickness of BASE DENTINE, the intensity of the
shade can be individualized.
An increased proportion of BASE DENTINE results in an
intensified shade whereas larger quantities of TRANSPA
DENTINE and ENAMEL will reduce the intensity of the shade.

Note: The shade effect of the restoration is mainly

influenced by BASE DENTINE. Analogously to natural teeth,
the TRANSPA DENTINE materials create a harmonious
transition to the enamel.

The use of CHROMA PLUS materials helps to achieve perfect
shade reproduction in the cervical area.
To obtain a brighter or warmer shade, the respective BASE
DENTINE can either be mixed with SUN DENTINE or replaced
by SUN DENTINE. When using Chroma Plus or Sun Dentine
materials, the final result of the restoration may differ signi­ficantly from the shade sample.

20

BUILD UP layering

Metal substructures coated with OPAQUE

To allow easy removal of the restoration later on, the model must be previously
insulated using the VITA Modisol pen.

Application of VITAVM

®13 BASE DENTINE

Apply the desired shade of BASE DENTINE starting from the neck
to obtain the required complete tooth shape.
The centric, lateral and protrusive occlusion should be checked
in the articulator already during this stage.

Application of VITAVM

®13 TRANSPA DENTINE

TRANSPA DENTINE is applied in the required complete tooth shape.

To obtain sufficient space for the enamel, the volume of the TRANSPA DENTINE
must be reduced correspondingly.

Application of VITAVM

®13 ENAMEL

To complete the crown, apply several small portions of ENAMEL to the upper
third of the crown. To compensate firing shrinkage, the size of the mould must
be prepared somewhat larger.

The classification tables for the VITA VM 13 ENAMEL materials can be found
on page 26.

21

BUILD UP layering

Prior to firing, the individual units of bridges must be separated in the interdental
areas down to the substructure.

Restoration prior to first dentine firing.

Recommended firing - first dentine firing

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 6.00 6.55 55 880 1.00 6.55

approx.

temp.°C min.

VAC
min.

Restoration after first dentine firing.

Corrections of shape/further layering

Insulate the model once more at the pontic with the VITA Modisol pen.
The interdental spaces and the basal surface of the pontic must be filled with
BASE DENTINE.

22

Subsequent corrections of the shape in the body area are carried out using
TRANSPA DENTINE ...

Firing chart

… and ENAMEL in the incisal area.

Recommended firing - second dentine firing

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 6.00 6.44 55 870 1.00 6.44

approx.

temp.°C min.

Bridge and crown after second dentine firing.

Finishing

Finish the bridge or crown respectively. For glaze firing, the entire
surface must be ground evenly and grinding particles must be removed
carefully.

In case of formation of dust, use an extraction system or wear a face
mask. Additionally, protective goggles must be worn when grinding the
fired ceramic.

VAC
min.

Recommended firing – glaze firing

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 0.00 4.45 80 880 2.00 –

approx.

temp.°C min.

VAC
min.

If required, the entire restoration can be coated with VITA AKZENT Plus Glaze
and then individualization can be carried out using the VITA AKZENT Plus stains.
(see VITA AKZENT Plus working instructions, No. 1925)

®

Recommended firing - glaze firing with VITA AKZENT

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

500 4.00 4.45 80 880 1.00 –

approx.

temp.°C min.

Plus

VAC
min.

23

BUILD UP layering

Completed restoration on the model.

Note: If the restoration needs to be adjusted (ground) when it is tried in,

it must be smoothed again. Polishing or glaze firing have proved to be very
suitable.

24

VITA modelling liquids

Oxidation firing Please observe alloy manufacturer's instructions !!!

WASH OPAQUE firing

WASH OPAQUE PASTE firing

OPAQUE firing

OPAQUE PASTE firing

WASH OPAQUE firing for precious metal-free alloys**

WASH OPAQUE PASTE firing for precious metal-free alloys

OPAQUE firing for precious metal-free alloys**

OPAQUE PASTE firing for precious metal-free alloys

MARGIN* firing

EFFECT LINER* firing

First dentine firing

Predry. °C

min. min. °C/min.

approx.

temp.°C min.

500 2.00 5.12 75 890 2.00 5.12

500 4.00 5.12 75 890 2.00 5.12

500 2.00 5.12 75 890 1.00 5.12

500 4.00 5.12 75 890 1.00 5.12

500 2.00 5.52 75 940 2.00 5.52

**

500 4.00 5.52 75 940 2.00 5.52

500 2.00 5.36 75 920 1.00 5.36

500 4.00 5.36 75 920 1.00 5.36

**

500 6.00 7.05 55 890 2.00 7.05

500 6.00 7.05 55 890 1.00 7.05

500 6.00 6.55 55 880 1.00 6.55

VAC
min.

Second dentine firing

Glaze firing

Glaze firing VITA AKZENT Plus

Corrective firing with CORRECTIVE*

*Indication range, see pages 28/29
**Note: For further information on the procedure with substructures made of precious metal-free alloys
see page 15.

Please note:

The firing result obtained with dental ceramics depends to
a great extent on the individual user's firing procedure and
substructure design. The type of furnace, the location of
the temperature sensor, the firing tray and the size of the
workpiece during the firing cycles are decisive for the result
of firing.

Our application-technical recommendations for the firing
temperatures (regardless of whether they have been
provided orally, in writing or in the form of practical in­structions) are based on extensive experience and tests.
The user, however, should consider this information only
as a reference.

500 6.00 6.44 55 870 1.00 6.44

500 0.00 4.45 80 880 2.00 –

500 4.00 4.45 80 880 1.00 –

500 4.00 6.00 50 800 1.00 6.00

Explanation of the firing parameters

Predry. °C Start temperature

Temp. approx. °C End temperature

VAC min. Vacuum holding time in minutes

Should the surface quality or the degree of transparency
or glaze not correspond to the firing result that is achieved
under optimum conditions, the firing procedure must be
adjusted correspondingly. The crucial factors for the firing
procedure are not the firing temperature indicated on the
furnace display, but the appearance and the surface quality
of the firing object after firing.

Predrying time in minutes, closing time

Heating time in minutes

Temperature rise rate in degrees Celsius per minute

Holding time for end temperature

25

Classification tables for VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER® and VITA classical A1–D4 shades

The classifications given below are only intended to provide reference values!

VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER shades

0M1 OP0 M1 EL1 – ENL

0M2 OP0 M1 EL1 – ENL

0M3 OP0 M1 EL1/EL2* – ENL

1M1 OP1 M1/M7* EL1/EL2* CP1 ENL

1M2 OP1 M1/M7* EL2 CP1/CP2* ENL

2L1.5 OP2 M1/M7* EL1/EL2* CP1/CP2* ENL

2L2.5 OP2 M1/M4* EL1/EL3* CP2/CP3* ENL

2M1 OP2 M1/M4* EL1/EL6* CP1/CP5* ENL

2M2 OP2 M1/M4* EL1/EL3* CP1/CP3* ENL

2M3 OP2 M4 EL2/EL4* CP3 ENL

2R1.5 OP2 M1/M7* EL1/EL6* CP1/CP5* ENL

2R2.5 OP2 M1/M4* EL2/EL4* CP1/CP3* ENL

3L1.5 OP3 M4/M7* EL2/EL6* CP2/CP5* ENL

3L2.5 OP3 M4/M7* EL4/EL6* CP2/CP5* ENL

3M1 OP3 M7 EL1/EL6* CP1/CP5* ENL

3M2 OP3 M4/M7* EL2/EL6* CP3/CP5* ENL

3M3 OP3 M4/M9* EL4/EL6* CP4/CP4* ENL

3R1.5 OP3 M7 EL2/EL3* CP1/CP5* ENL

3R2.5 OP3 M4/M7* EL5/EL6* CP4/CP5* ENL

4L1.5 OP4 M7 EL6 CP5 END

4L2.5 OP4 M4/M9* EL3/EL4* CP4/CP5* END

4M1 OP4 M7 EL6 CP5 END

4M2 OP4 M4/M9* EL2/EL3* CP3/CP5* END

4M3 OP4 M9 EL5/EL6* CP4/CP5* END

4R1.5 OP4 M7/M8* EL2/EL3* CP5 END

4R2.5 OP4 M7/M9* EL3/EL4* CP4/CP5* END

5M1 OP5 M7/M8* EL3/EL6* – END

5M2 OP5 M7/M9* EL5/EL6* – END

5M3 OP5 M5/M9* EL3/EL4* – END

OPAQUE MARGIN** EFFECT LINER**

CHROMA

PLUS**

ENAMEL

VITA classical A1–D4 shades

A1 A1 M1/M7* EL2 CP1 ENL

A2 A2 M4/M7* EL1/EL3* CP2 ENL

A3 A3 M4 EL4/EL6* CP2/CP3* ENL

A3,5 A3,5 M4/M9* EL5/EL6* CP2/CP3* END

A4 A4 M4/M9* EL1/EL3* CP2/CP4* END

B1 B1 M1/M4* EL1/EL2* CP1 END

B2 B2 M1/M4* EL1/EL4* CP1 END

B3 B3 M4 EL2/EL4* CP2/CP3* END

B4 B4 M4/M9* EL4/EL6* CP3 END

C1 C1 M1/M4* EL1/EL6* CP1 END

C2 C2 M4/M7* EL2/EL6* CP1/CP5* END

C3 C3 M4/M7* EL6 CP1/CP5* ENL

C4 C4 M4/M7* EL3/EL6* CP5 ENL

D2 D2 M1/M9* EL2/EL6* CP1/CP5* END

D3 D3 M4/M7* EL2/EL3* CP2/CP5* END

D4 D4 M1/M4* EL2/EL6* CP2/CP5* END

* Mixing ratio 1:1
** Indication range, see pages 28/29

OPAQUE MARGIN** EFFECT LINER**

CHROMA

PLUS**

ENAMEL

26

VITA modelling liquids

VITA VM MODELLING LIQUID

For mixing BASE DENTINE, TRANSPA DENTINE, ENAMEL and additional materials.
VITA VM MODELLING LIQUID provides excellent stability characteristics
during layering and allows faster evaporation of the liquid.
Perfectly suitable for the fabrication of small restorations or for processing without
the permanent use of an extraction unit.

VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID

Especially for mixing the VITA VM powder opaque materials.

VITA VM PASTE FLUID
Liquid for mixing the VITA VM paste opaque materials

VITA MODELLING FLUID (not included in the assortment)
For mixing all dentine, incisal and additional materials.
VITA MODELLING FLUID avoids rapid drying of the ceramic material.
Moreover increased plasticity during layering is achieved.

Note: Cannot be used for

mixing the dentine materials!

VITA MODELLING FLUID RS (not included in the assortment)
Red special liquid for mixing all dentine, incisal and additional materials.
The smooth consistency of VITA MODELLING FLUID RS allows extended
and wet processing while ensuring good stability. The fluid is therefore
particularly suited for large-sized restorations and multi-unit bridges.

VITA HIGH SILVER MODELLING LIQUID (not included in the assortment)
Special anti-greening liquid for high silver content alloys
(silver content > 30 %).

27

Additional materials

VITA VM 13 EFFECT LINER

– to control the fluorescence from the

depth of the restoration

– universally suitable to support and

intensify the base shade

– applied in the gingival area,

they enhance the distribution of light

VITA VM 13 MARGIN

– to create an esthetic transition in the

case of a labially shortened metal coping

– after the application, the plastified

MARGIN material must be hardened

through the supply of heat; it is

recommended to use a hairdryer

or radiated heat from the furnace

to stabilize the shoulder

EL1 snow

EL2 cream

EL3 tabac

EL4 golden fleece

EL5 papaya

EL6 sesame

M1 icy beige

M4 wheat

M5 amber

M7 seashell

M8 tan

M9 beach

white

beige

brown

yellow

orange

green-yellow

white

yellow

amber

light beige

pastel-brown

light orange

VITA VM 13 EFFECT CHROMA

– color-intensive modifier porcelains

– to accentuate certain color

areas of the tooth

– to vary the lightness value in the neck,

dentine and enamel areas

VITA VM 13 MAMELON

– highly fluorescent material

which is mainly used in the incisal area

– for shade characterization

between incisal edge and dentine

VITA VM 13 CHROMA PLUS

– Chroma Plus materials can be used to

achieve more intensive shade repro-

duction in the cervical region (especially

with VITA classical A1–D4 shades)

– in case of thin walls, they enhance

the shade in an efficient manner

EC1 ghost

EC2 linen

EC3 pale banana

EC4 lemon drop

EC5 golden rod

EC6 sunflower

EC7 light salmon

EC8 toffee

EC9 doe

EC10 larch

EC11 gravel

MM1 ecru

MM2 mellow buff

MM3 peach puff

CP1 ivory

CP2 almond

CP3 moccasin

CP4 caramel

CP5 burlywood

white

sand-beige

light yellow

tender lemon yellow

light orange

orange

pink

beige-brown

brown

green-brown

green-grey

beige

warm yellow-brown

tender orange

ivory

beige

light orange-brown

orange

green-brown

28

Additional materials

VITA VM 13 CORRECTIVE

– with reduced firing temperature

(830°C) for corrections after

glaze firing

– in three nuances for neck,

dentine and enamel areas

VITA VM 13 SUN OPAQUE

– for mixing the respective opaque shades

– in three different nuances

VITA VM 13 SUN DENTINE

– for a "sunnier" and warmer shade result

– to be used in the dentine and body area

COR1 neutral

COR2 sand

COR3 ochre

SO1 yellowish

SO2 medium

SO3 reddish

SD1 sun light

SD2 sun rise

SD3 sun set

neutral

beige

brown

yellowish

orange

reddish

light yellow

light orange

orange-red

SUN
OPAQUE

VITAVM®13

291

SO1

SUN
DENTINE

VITAVM®13

361

SD1

VITA VM 13 EFFECT ENAMEL

– can be used for all enamel areas of the

natural tooth

– universally suitable translucent enamel

effect material

– to achieve a natural effect of depth

VITA VM 13 EFFECT PEARL

– only suitable for effects on the surface,

not for layering in

– perfectly suitable for bleached

restorations

– to obtain nuances of yellow and red

EE1 mint cream

EE2 pastel

EE3 misty rose

EE4 vanilla

EE5 sun light

EE6 navajo

EE7 golden glow

EE8 coral

EE9 water drop

EE10 silver lake blue

EE11 drizzle

EP1 pearl

EP2 pearl blush

EP3 pearl rose

whitish-translucent

pastel

pink-translucent

yellowish

yellowish-translucent

reddish-translucent

orange-translucent

red-translucent

bluish translucent

blue

greyish-translucent

shade in pastel-yellow

shade in pastel-orange

shade in pastel-rosé

VITA VM 13 EFFECT OPAL

– to create the opal effect

in restorations of young and

highly translucent teeth

EO1 opal

EO2 opal whitish

EO3 opal bluish

EO4 opal blue

EO5 opal dark violet

neutral, universally suitable

whitish

bluish

blue

dark violet

29

Additional materials

VITA VM 13 GINGIVA

– to restore the original

gingival situation

– are applied and fired during the first

and / or second dentine firing

– color nuances range from

orange-red and reddish to brown-red

VITA VM 13 COLOR OPAQUE

– shade-intensive opaque materials for

the characterization of enamel and

cervical areas

G1 rose

G2 nectarine

G3 pink grapefruit

G4 rosewood

G5 cherry brown

GOL light flesh

GOD dark flesh

CO1 gold

CO2 brown

CO3 lilac

dusky pink

orange-pink

pink

brown-red

dark red

light pink

dark pink

orange

brown

lilac

COLOR
OPAQUE

30

Assortments

VITA VM 13 BASIC KIT*/**/****

BASIC assortment for BASIC layering

Quantity Content Material

1 12 g WASH OPAQUE WO

5 12 g OPAQUE° OP1 – OP5

3 12 g SUN OPAQUE SO1– SO3

5 12 g CHROMA PLUS CP1– CP5

26 12 g BASE DENTINE° 1M1– 5M3

3 12 g SUN DENTINE SD1–SD3

2 12 g ENAMEL° ENL, END

1 12 g NEUTRAL° NT

1 12 g WINDOW° WIN

3 12 g CORRECTIVE COR1– COR3

1 50 ml VITA VM MODELLING LIQUID

1 50 ml VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID

1 – Shade indicator

1 – VITA Toothguide 3D-MASTER

1 Working Instructions

....*also available as BASIC KIT SMALL with reduced range of materials.

** also available as BASIC KIT classical in the VITA classical A1–D4 shades and as

BASIC KIT SMALL classical in the following six shades: A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B3, D3
*** each assortment also available with PASTE OPAQUE
° also available in 50 g

VITA VM 13 BUILD UP KIT*

Add-on assortment for BUILD UP layering

Quantity Content Material

26 12 g TRANSPA DENTINE° 1M1– 5M3

1 50 ml VITA VM MODELLING LIQUID

* also available as BUILD UP KIT SMALL in the following fifteen shades: 1M1, 1M2,

2M1, 2M2, 2M3, 3L1.5, 3L2.5, 3M1, 3M2, 3M3, 3R1.5, 3R2.5, 4M1, 4M2, 4M3
** also available as BUILD UP KIT classical in the VITA classical A1–D4 shades and

as BUILD UP KIT SMALL classical with 6 shades
° also available in 50 g

VITA VM 13 CLASSICAL COLOR KIT*/**

Add-on assortment for 3D-MASTER users

Quantity Content Material

16 12 g OPAQUE A1–D4

16 12 g BASE DENTINE° A1–D4

16 12 g TRANSPA DENTINE° A1–D4

1 50 ml VITA VM MODELLING LIQUID

1 50 ml VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID

1 – Shade indicator

1 – VITA classical A1–D4 shade guide

1 – Working Instructions

* also available with OPAQUE PASTE
** Assortment for 3D-MASTER customers who wish to add

VITA classical shades to their assortment

° also available in 50 g

31

Assortments

VITA VM 13 PROFESSIONAL KIT*

For incorporating natural effects and characteristics

Quantity Content Material

11 12 g EFFECT CHROMA EC1–EC11

3 12 g MAMELON MM1–MM3

3 12 g EFFECT PEARL EP1–EP3

5 12 g EFFECT OPAL EO1–EO5

11 12 g EFFECT ENAMEL EE1–EE11

6 12 g EFFECT LINER EL1–EL6

4 – Shade guides

* also available as PROFESSIONAL KIT SMALL in the following shades:

EC1, EC4, EC6, EC8, EC9, MM2, EP1, EO2, EE1, EE3, EE7, EE8, EE9, EE10, EE11

VITA VM 13 BLEACHED COLOR KIT

Ultra-bright shades for the reproduction of bleached teeth

Quantity Content Material

1 12 g OPAQUE OPO

3 12 g BASE DENTINE 0M1–0M3

3 12 g TRANSPA DENTINE 0M1– 0M3

1 12 g ENAMEL ENL

1 12 g NEUTRAL NT

1 12 g WINDOW WIN

1 50 ml VITA VM MODELLING LIQUID

1 50 ml VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID

1 –

BLEACHED SHADE GUIDE
SHADE GROUP 0M

1 – Workin Instructions

* also available with OPAQUE PASTE

VITA VM 13 GINGIVA KIT*

Gingiva materials with natural effects

Quantity Content Material

5 12 g GINGIVA G1– G5

2 12 g GINGIVA OPAQUE GOL, GOD

1 – GINGIVA shade guide

* also available with OPAQUE PASTE

32

Assortments

VITA VM 13 MARGIN KIT

For ceramic shoulder design

Quantity Content Material

6 12 g MARGIN M1, M4, M5, M7, M8, M9

1 – MARGIN shade guide

33

Information

IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Information on troubleshooting can be found under FAQs - metal ceramics - on our website.

The following products require hazard identification:

VITA VM OPAQUE FLUID

VITA SPRAY-ON
INDICATOR LIQUID and
VITA SPRAY-ON LIQUID

Causes severe skin burns and damage to eyes.
May be corrosive to metals.

Causes severe eye irritation.

When working with the product, do not eat and drink.
In case of contact with eyes: rinse carefully with water for
some minutes.
In case of contact with skin: rinse thoroughly with water.
Do not empty into drains.
This product and its container must be disposed of as
hazardous waste.

Highly flammable liquid and vapor.

Keep container tightly closed.
Keep away from ignition sources. - No smoking.
Use only in well-ventilated areas. Store container tightly closed
at an adequately ventilated place. Do not empty into drains.
This product and its container must be disposed of as
hazardous waste.

Please refer to the safety data sheet for detailed information!

Safety at work and health
protection

34

When working with the product, wear suitable safety
goggles/face protection, gloves and safety clothing.
In case of formation of dust, use an extraction system or
wear a face mask.

VITA VM 13 veneering material is available in VITA
SYSTEM 3D-MASTER and VITA classical A1–D4 shades.
Shade compatibility with all VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER and
VITA classical A1–D4 materials is guaranteed.

With the unique VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER, all natural
tooth shades can be systematically determined and per­fectly reproduced.

Pleas e note: Our products must be used in accordance with the instructions for use.
We accept no liability for any damage resulting from incorrect handling or usage.
The user is furthermore obliged to check the product before use with regard to its
suitability for the intended area of application. We cannot accept any liability if the
product is used in conjunction with materials and equipment from other manufactu­rers that are not compatible or not authorized for use with our product. Furthermore,
our liability for the accuracy of this information is independent of the legal basis
and, in as far as legally permissible, shall always be limited to the value as invoiced
of the goods supplied, excluding value-added tax. In particular, as far as legally
permissible, we do not assume any liability for loss of earnings, indirect damages,
ensuing damages or for third-party claims against the purchaser. Claims for damages
based on fault liability (culpa in contrahendo, breach of contract, unlawful acts, etc.)
can only be made in the case of intent or gross negligence. The VITA Modulbox is not
necessarily a component of the product.
Date of issue of this information: 07.13

After the publication of these working instructions any previous versions become
obsolete. The current version can be found at www.vita-zahnfabrik.com

VITA Zahnfabrik has been certified in accordance to the Medical Device Directive
and the following products bear the mark :

®13 · VITA AKZENT

VITAV M

US 5498157 A · AU 659964 B2 · EP 0591958 B1

VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co.KG
Postfach 1338 · D-79704 Bad Säckingen · Germany
Tel. [phone] · Fax [phone]
Hotline: Tel. [phone] · Fax [phone]
www.vita-zahnfabrik.com · [email protected]

facebook.com/vita.zahnfabrik

®

Plu s

1180 E – 0713 (X.) S – Version (01)