Visual Technology VISUAL 400 Reference Manual

400

VIDEO

DISPLAY

TERMINAL

REFERENCE

MANUAL

Visual Technology Incorporated

540

Main

Street, Tewksbury, MA

01876 ,

Telephone

(617)

851

-50

00,

Telex

951

-539

Printed in U.S.A.

WARNING

This equipment generates, if

not

installed

cause

interference

regulation

it

has

and

used

in accordance

to

radio communications. As temporarily permitted

not

been

tested computing devices pursuant designed ation which measures

to

provide reasonable protection against such interference. Oper-

of

this equipment in a residential

case

the user at his own expense

may

be

required

to

uses,

and

can

radiate radio frequency energy and

with

the instruction manual may

for

compliance

to

Subpart J

of

area will

Part 15

is

likely

be

required

correct the interference.

with

the

limits

of

FCC

to

cause

to

take whatever

by

for

Class

Rules which

interference in

A are

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

VIDEO

DISPLAY

REFERENCE

TERMINAL

MANUAL

June

1981

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

SAFETY WARNING

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

Hazardous voltages 115, 220 V AC

,terminal

working

When phosphor CRT tube

is

on, and may remain after power

on

internal circuits, and do

handling the cathode ray tube caution

is

toxic. Safety

is

handled. Should the tube break, skin

goggles

phosphor, rinse the affected

terminal

This

use

not use

any adaptor which will defeat the safety ground.

Insure

that

keyboard

is

supplied

this terminal

power

is

cable.

with

turned

an

off

and

15

KV

is

not

work

is

and

gloves

area

with cold water and consult a physician.

a cord

set

must

that

includes a safety ground. Do

ungrounded outlet, missing ground pin,

before connecting

PREFACE

This manual describes the features and operation

display terminal. Programming

first

level

service information

nance

information,

please

and application information together

is

also included. For second

consult the

VISUAL

Manual.

DC

are

present when the

removed.

Use

caution when

alone.

required

of

as

the internal

be

used

whenever the

or

eyes

exposed

or

disconnecting the

the

VISUAL

level

mainte-

100/400 Maintenance

to

400

the

or

with

This manual intended

after the date

is

published and distributed by Visual Technology Inc.

for

reference only. The contents

of

the written consent

printing. This manual may

of

Visual Technology, Inc.

and

specifications may

not

be

reproduced

and

change

without

is

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

Page

INTRODUCTION

1.

1.1

COMMONLY

SPECIFICATIONS/CHARACTERISTICS

2.

2.1

KEYBOARD

2.2

VIDEO MONITOR AND COMPOSITE VIDEO

2.3

P.C.B.

AND

2.4 GENERAL START-UP PROCEDURES

3.

3.1

INSTALLATION

3.2 SET-UP

3.2.1

General

3.2.1.1 How

3.2.1.2 How

3.2.1.3 How

..................................................

USED

TERMS

..................................................

COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

SPECI

FICATIONS

...........................................

...............................................

MODES

................................................

.................................................

to to to

3.2.1.4 Performing a

3.2.1.5 Performing a SAVE

3.2.1.6 Performing a RESET Operation

3.2.2 SET-UP Feature Definitions

3.2.2.1 Line/Local

3.2.2.2

3.2.2.3

3.2.2.4

Column Mode Tabs

...........................................

Screen

Brightness

3.2.2.5 Scrolling Mode

3.2.2.6 Autorepeat Mode

3.2.2.7

3.2.2.8

Screen

Mode

Cursor Selection

3.2.2.9 Margin Bell

3.2.2.10 Keyclick

3.2.2.11 Transmitter

3.2.2.12

ReceiverXON/XOFF

3.2.2.13 Line Transmit Mode

3.2.2.14 Autowrap Mode

3.2.2.15 Linefeed New Line Mode

3.2.2.16

Auto

Tab Mode

3.2.2.17 Parity Enable

3.2.2.18 Parity

3.2.2.19 Bits

3.2.2.20

Refresh

Sense

Per

3.2.2.21 Duplex

3.2.2.22 Local Echo

3.2.2.23 Turn Around

......................................

................................

........................

....................................

Enter SET-UP Determine the Status Change

SET-UP Features

MODE'

.......................

of

SET-UP Features

.....................

RECALL Operation . ~ ..................

Operation

.......................

......................

...............................

......................................

....................................

.................................

...................................

.................................

.....................................

................................•..

......................................

........................................

XON/XOFF

...........................

..............................

...............................

..................................

...........................

........ , ..........................

.............

'

.......................

..........................

Character

Rate

.................................

....................................

.........................................

......................................

....................................

........

:

..........

. .

. . . . .

1

3 3 3 3

7

9 9

9

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~~

17

18

19

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

20

21

iii

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

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MAIN

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MA

01876

TABLE

3.2.2.24 Character/Block Mode

OF

CONTENTS - Continued

.............................

3.2.2.25 Control Representation Mode

3.2.2.26 Erasure Mode

3.2.2.27 Vertic

Ie

3.2.2.28 Horizontal Editing Mode

3.2.2.29

Edit

Boundary Mode

3.2.2.30 Select Editing

....................................

Editing Mode

Extent

.............................

...........................

..............................

Mode

3.2.2.31 . Guarded Area Transfer Mode

3.2.2.32

3.2.2.33

3.2.2.34

3.2.2.35

3.2.2.36

3.2.2.37

3.2.2.38

3.2.2.39

3.2.2.40

3.2.2.41

3.2.2.42

3.2.2.43

3.2.2.44

3.2.2.45

Transmit Request Mode Multiple Area Transfer Mode Transfer Termination Mode

Modified Data Area Transfer Mode

Page

Transfer Mode

Xmit

Speed

Receive Answerback Select Keyboard Start

of Area Separator Code (AS) First

and First

and

Turn Around Control Code (TACC)

.....................................

Speed

Message

Second End Second End

...................................

Message

layout

Code (SaM)

............................

...............................

..............................

............................

..........................

of

Line Codes

of

Message

.......................

.........................

........................

.........................

...................

........................

(FEOl & SEOl)

Codes

(FEOM & SEOM)

...................

.....

Page

. . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . 22 .

;,,~>

. . 23 . 24

. . 24

..

.

21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22

22 22

24

25 25

4.

KEYBOARD

5.

TERMINAL

5.1

5.2

5.3

CONTROLS

PROGRAMMING GENERAL CONTROL CODES CONTROL SEQUENCE FUNCTIONS

5.3.1

5.3.2

5.3.3

5.3.4

5.3.5

....................................................

Scrolling Region Command

Cursor Movement Commands Tabbing Commands Erasure Commands Character Size

AND

l.E.D.'S

........................................

.............................................

.......................................

........................................

and

Screen Alignment Commands

............

...............................

.................................

................................

5.3.6 Program Function Key Command

5.3.7 Program

5.3.8

5.3.9

5.3.10

5.3.11

5.3.12

5.3.13

Save/Restore Cursor Commands

Report Commands

Test Command Character Set Commands

Editing Commands

Set Commu nication Control

lED

Command

and

...........................................

........................................

...................................

Responses

...................................

Codes

iv

~

....................

.................

............................

..............................

............................

Command

...................

.

. 33 . 33 . 34 . . 35 .

. 37 . 39 . . . 42 . 42 . . . . .

27

34

35

41 41

42 43 44 44 47

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

TABLE

OF CONTENTS - Continued

Page

5.3.14 Video

5.3.15 Remote Transmit Command

5.3.16

5.3.17 Define Area Qualification Command

5.3.18

Clear

Attribute

Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

.................................

Reset

Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

...........................

Attribute

Code Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48

48 51

5.4 MODES (SET/RESET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

5.4.1 Guarded Area Transfer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

5.4.2 Keyboard

5.4.3

5.4.4

Control Representation Mode

Insert Replace

5.4.5 Erasure

5.4.6 Vertic

5.4.7

Horizontal Editing Mode

Action

Mode.

Ie

Editing Mode

5.4.8 Character Mode

5.4.9

Multiple Area Transfer Mode

5.4.10 Transfer Termination

Mode

.....................................

................................

Mode.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

......................................

....................................

...........................................

...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Mode.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

56 56

57 57 57

5.4.11 Linefeed New Line Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

5.4.12

Protect

5.4.13 Autotab Mode

5.4.14 Modified Data Area Transfer Mode

5.4.15

5.4.16

5.4.17

5.4.18

Column Scrolling Screen

Origin Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.4.19 Autowrap Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.4.20 Autorepeat

5.4.21 Transmit Request

5.4.22 Line Transmit

5.5 SELECT EDITING EXTENT

Mode............................................

............................................

............................

Mode.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Mode.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mode.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MODE.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 58

58 58

60 60 60 60 60 60

6.

DATA

6.1

6.2

TRANSMISSION MODES MESSAGE

6.2.1

.......................................................

FRAMING.

Block Mode Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

..............................................

6.2.2 Function Key, Answerback and

6.2.3 Line Drawing

6.3

HALF/FULL-DUPLEX

6.3.1

6.3.2 XON/XOFF

6.4

7.

BUFFERED PRINTER INTERFACE

7.1

GENERAL.....................................................

Half-Duplex......

Full-Duplex..............................................

SYNCHRONIZATION.. . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

and

Foreign Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

...........

..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Status Transmissions

..............

:...............................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

..

...

. . .

..

. .

...

. .

...

. .

.. . ...

OPTION.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

. . . . . .

63 63

66

68

. 68

71 71

VISUAL

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540

MAIN

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MA

01876

TABLE

7.2 SET-UP P FEATURE DEFINITIONS

7.2.1

7.2.2 Printer

Copy

Mode.......................................

Controller Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

7.2.3 Auto Print Mode

7.2.4

7.2.5 Printer

7.2.6 Printer

7.2.7 LF

7.2.8

7.2.9 Parity Select

Underline Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Busy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Suppress

Cancel

Type.

Select

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

.............................................

and

7.2.10 Bits per Character

7.2.11

7.2.12 Print

7.3

PRINTER COMMANDS

7.3.1

Busy

Polarity.

Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Print Line/Page Commands

OF CONTENTS - Continued

................................

........

..........................................

parity Enable

...........................

...............................

" .

... . .. . ..

. . . 76

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

AND

MODES.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

. . . . . . 76

..................................

7.3.2 Copy Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

7.3.3 Printer

7.3.4 Auto Print Mode

Controller Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

..........................................

Page

74 74

74

75

75 75

76

77

8

PAGING OPTION

8.1

GENERAL.....................................................

...................................................

8.2 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

8.3

ADDITIONAL

MODES.

8.3.1 Edit Boundary Mode

8.3.2

8.4

ADDITIONAL

8.4.1

8.4.2

Page

Transfer Mode

COMMANDS. Scroll Up

Scroll Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

8.4.3 Next Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

8.4.4 Previous

8.4.5 Print

8.5

ADDITIONAL

8.6

MODIFIED COMMAND

8.6.1

8.6.2

8.6.3 Form

8.6.4 What

8.6.5 What

8.7 RECEIVING

8.8 OPERATION

9.

FIRST

9.1

GENE

Absolute Cursor Positioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Horizontal

LEVEL

RAL

Page

All

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

KEYBOARD

Feed

is

Cursor Location Relative

is

Cursor Location Relative

DATA.

RESTRICTIONS.

MAINTENANCE.

.........................................

.................................

,.

. .

..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

.......................................

........................................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

................................................

.............................................

CONTROLS.

OPERATIONS.

and

Vertic

Ie

Position

..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

. . . . . . . . . .

... . ..

. .

.. . ...

. .

..

. 88

..............................

to

Screen?

to

Entire Memory? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

............

;........

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

. . . .

.. ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

... . .....

...

.. . ..

. . . .

..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

'.

. . . . . . . . . . .

81 81 81

85 85

87

88

91 91

vi

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

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MA

01876

Page

9.2 REAR

9.2.1

9.2.2

9.3

TOP

9.3.1 Top Cover

9.3.2 Top Cover

9.4

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

9.5

TV

9.6 CRT AND

9.7

TV

9.8

110/220

9.9

TROUBLESHOOTING

9.9.1

9.9.2

APPENDIX I -

PANEL.

Rear Rear

COVER

. .

.. . ... . ..

Panel

Removal

Panel

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

....

...................................................

Removal

.......................................

Installation

REMOVAL

MONITOR

PCB

REMOVAL

FLYBACK

REMOVAL

MONITOR ADJUSTMENTS

VOLT

SELECTION.

...........................................

Self

Test.

Fault

VISUAL

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Isolation.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

400 CONTROL SEQUENCE

. . . . .

....

..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

......................................

AND

INSTALLATION.

AND

INSTALLATION................

....................................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

SUMMARY.

APPENDIX II - GRAPHIC RENDITION OF CONTROL

APPENDIX

111- KEYBOARD LEGENDS

IV

- TURN-AROUND CONNECTOR FOR INTERFACE TESTS

AND

CHARACTER

..

. .

.. . .. . ..

. . . . .

...

INSTALLATION.........

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

CODES

.................

SETS.

..

. . . . . .

........

..

...

... . ..

.

91 91 91 92

. 92

92 . 92 . 93

93

96

105

107

115

APPENDIX V - DECIMAL

EQUIVALENT

OF ASCII CODES. . . . .

vii

.. . ..

. . .

..

. . . . . 117

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

LIST

OF FIGURES

540

MAIN

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MA

01876

Page

Figure Figure

2-1

3-1 Figure 3-2A Figure 3-2B Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Figure Figure

4-1

7-1 Figure 7-2 Figure Figure

8-1

9-1 Figure 9-2 Figure 9-3 Figure 9-4

Table

2-1

Table 2-2 Table

3-1

Table

4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 4-4 Table

5-1 Table 5-2 Table 5-3

Table 5-4 Table 5-5 Table 5-6

Table 5-7 Table 5-8

Table 5-9 Table

6-1 Table

7-1 Table 7-2 Table

8-1 Table 8-2 Table 8-3 Table 8-4

Byte Configurations SET-UP A Presentation SET-UP B Presentation SET-UP B Presentation,

SET-UP B Summary SET-UP SET-UP

VISUAL

C Presentation C Summary

400 Keyboard SET-UP P Presentation SET-UP P Summary

Paging

Rear

Top Cover

Location

Memory Organization

Panel

Screw Locations Removal

of

TV

110/220 V Section

EIA

RS232-C Signal Definitions and Connector Piris

Current Loop

Pin I nitial Settings SET-UP Feature Codes

Generated FUNCTION Key Summary Default Values LED Summary

Control Code Summary

.......................................

....................................

.....................................

Paging

Option

.........................

.......................................

.....................................

..........................

Layout

..............................

.....................................

.......................................

................................

.................................

.......................................

Monitor

Adjustments

.........................

........................................

LIST

OF TABLES

Polarity Designations

and

Functions

Change

by

Cursor Positioning Keys

for

Summary

I nternal Switches

........................

............................

.................................

of

Function Keys

.............................

...........................................

....................................

Incremental Cursor Positioning Commands Selective Parameters Associated

Response Line Drawing Character

...............................................

Set Selective Parameters Associated Selective Parameters Associated Command

...............................................

Selective Parameters Associated Selective Parameters Associated Sequences

...............................................

Selective Parameters Associated

of

Combinations

Transmission Modes

Printer Port Pin Designations

of

Summary

Format Effectors which Editor Functions which Editor

Print Commands and Modes

Cause

Functions Affected

Additional Keyboard Controls

with

"Report

.................................

with

Video

with

Define Area Qualification

with

Clear

with

Set/Reset Mode Control

with

Select Editing Extent Mode

.........................

................................

Movement

by

Edit

Boundary Mode

...............................

;

...........

and

20

...............

....................

.....................

Terminal Parameters"

Attribute

Command

Code Command

.......................

of

the Document

of

the Document

...............

MA

........

.........

....

..

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

. . . . . .

.

. .

.

6

10 11 11 12 13

13 27 72 73 82 91 92 94 95

4

5

15 .

29 30 31 32 33 36

43 45 48

49

52

. . . . . . . . .

55

61

64

71

78

83·

83

86

89

viii

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

1.

INTRODUCTION

540

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

MA

01B76

The new microprocessor. The X3.64 standard

lasting

a The

transmit and receive rates information and and down may

VISUAL

and

VISUAL

400

is

a highly sophisticated smart editing video terminal utilizing the Z-80

VISUAL

for

display terminals, thus making the

400

flexible system architecture.

400

supports both conversational and buffered transmission modes

up

to

also allows extensive editing.

deletion

for

limit

of

lines and characters. The

inserted/deleted lines, and right or

the extent

of

editing functions

adheres

to

the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

VISUAL

19,200 b.p.s. The buffered mode permits the user

And

editing

user

may define whether data on the

left

for

inserted/deleted characters. Further, the

to

the current field, line,

selectable modes. Multiple

total When

mitted

area

fill

it

definition

ensures

comes

accurate, speedy data entry. •

to

including numeric only, alpha only, right

transmission, the

including modified fields only.

VISUAL

Message

400 allows all

framing

is

completely

twelve function keys. Your

operator will appreciate the advanced human engineering features smooth scrolling n-key rollover available ON/O F

in

F,

through extensive

figured from the keyboard

and

green

of

data on the screen, block

or

underline cursor selection, detached keyboard

selectable autorepeat. Also a tiltable

or

white phosphor.

use

as

desired and the configuration

We've

eliminated all external switches, except

of

non-volatile memory allowing terminal parameters

screen

400 an ideal terminal

is

not

merely limited

area,

or

any part

justify,

protect, must

of

the

user

of

with

etched non-glare faceplace

saved

for

re-use.

for

with

independent

to

locally store

to

the insertion

screen

page,

moves up or

via software

fill

screen

to

be

programmable

the

VISUAL

for

to

designing

user

and

trans-

as

are

400 like

with

power

be

con-

the

1.1

COMMONLY USED TERMS

Control Sequence Introducer

Two

codes

(ESC

[)

Pararpeter, Numeric and Selective

Character combinations from Column 3

sequences.

particular

Numeric parameters

function

is

specify how a particular function

Pn

or

Ps

in 255.

Area Attribute Code - (AAC)

A code stored in a non-displayable

qualified display

mands.

A maximum

Block mode

mode.

only

areas.

and

which introduce all multi-code control

of

the ASCII Code Chart

are

abbreviated

to

be

performed. Selective parameters

is

to

be

performed. The maximum decimal value

"phantom"

AAC's

of

32 AAC's may

only

are

set using the Define Area Qualification

be

when Protect mode

set

Pn

position

for

anyone

is

set

and

usually specify

that

but

may

sequences.

that

are

used

how

are

abbreviated

defines the beginning

or

line. AAC's

be

are

recognized in

set

while in Character

in control

many times a

Ps

and usually

of

either

or

end

Set Tab com-

1

Area

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

A group diately preceding

lines

of

contiguous characters starting with an AAC

the

or

may be a single character with an AAC controlling

character position. Areas

Field

A group may

of

contain

contiguous

one

or

. only.

or

exist

in

Block mode

characters starting

many areas,

but

the

end

at a tab

never less

of

and

ending with

the

screen. An area may

the

only

and

only

when

stop

and end

than

one

area. Fields exist

data

at

to

be entered

Protect

the

character imme-

extend

over many

into

mode

is

tab

stop. A field

in

Block

the

set.

mode

2

2.1

KEYBOARD

VISUAL

The

VISUAL Monitor, graphs summarize the basic features specifications

The

VISUAL keys

for

high reliability and long life. The keys

out

as

pictured in Figure 4-1.

The keyboard utilization. which

All

plugs

keys except those noted in Section 3.2.2.6 may also

(auto repeat)

to

key

be

Section 4 details

TECHNOLOGY

2.

SPECIFICATIONS/CHARACTERISTICS

400

display terminal consists

and Printer

of

400

is

Circuit

the

VISUAL

employs a field proven solid-state keyboard using capacitively coupled

fully

The cable leading

into

the receptable labeled keyboard on the rear panel.

or

non-typomatic. The

generated at a rate

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

of

three basic subassemblies: Keyboard, Video

Board including communication interface. The

of

each

subassembly. Section 2.4 lists the general

400.

detachable from the terminal

from

the keyboard

typomatic

of

30

characters per second.

all keys on the keyboard and the code(s) they generate.

STREET,

are

arranged in a familiar

for

is

terminated

TEWKSBURY,

operator

be

defined

with

feature allows the

MA

01876

following

"typewriter"

comfort

and optimal

a 15-pin connector

to

be

"typomatic",

codes

for

the depressed

para-

lay-

space

2.2

VIDEO

The Video

The CRT crisp, assure 7 x 7 saver 8 minutes. intensity. This feature greatly prolongs CRT life.

The 132 characters. Characters may also line by line

Composite video

another T. V.

2.3 P.C.B. A single, vertically mounted printed

memory (ROM) and display memory fan design

MONITOR

AND

Monitor

uses a P4

easy

to

read

easy

readability

dot

matrix

feature which

Hitting

format

for

character display may

basis.

monitor

1.

Video Bandwidth 12 MHz

2.

Horizontal Frequency 15.6 kHz

3.

Voltage

AND

COMMUNICATION

for

high

COMPOSITE

used

white

characters

even

for

upper

causes

in the

phosphor and a non-interlaced raster scanning method

of

in the brightest environments. Characters

case,

the

VIDEO

VISUAL

high resolution. The CRT includes a non-glare faceplate

and 7 x 9

screen

to

any key on the keyboard

be

output

Output

is

provided via a jack on the rear panel. This feature

of

the following specifications:

1.5 Volts,

Peak

INTERFACE

circuit

(RAM).

reliability

and silent operation.

400

is

a high

for

lower

dim

if

the terminal

will

either 24 lines

case.

cause

quality

The

is

the

screen

of

80

12"

cathode ray tube (CRT).

to

are

formed using

VISUAL

inactive

characters

to

400

for

a period

return

or

also

to

normal

24 lines

produce

has

a CRT

of

formed in double heights and double widths on a

will

drive

to

Peak

board (P.C.B.) contains all necessary program "

The P.C.B. utilizes a convection cooled, no-

to

3

VISUAL

The

VISUAL loop interface. Both interfaces conform may operate in either a half-duplex

The E

IA remote equipment through a modem interface labeled

via

line for

a 25 pin connector. Table

the RS232-C interface.

TECHNOLOGY

400 provides

INCORPORATED,

as

standard, both

or

full-duplex mode.

540

an

to

a bit-serial, asynchronous, start-stop format

RS232-C interface provides all control and sequencing

or

for

direct connection

EIA,

is

located on the rear panel and interfaces

2-1

lists all the

The 20-milliampere current loop interface may tion

to

most equipment. Table

2-1

lists the pin polarity designations

current loop interface.

MAIN

EIA

be

STREET,

EIA

passive

TEWKSBURY,

RS232-C

and

signals

to

MA

01876

a 20-milliampere current

for

interfacing

local equipment. This

with

the communications

signal·definitions and connector pins

or

active

and

allows direct connec-

for

the 20-milliampere

and

to

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8

11 12 17 18 19 20 21 23* 25

EIA

RS232-C

AND

CCITTV24

SIGNAL

20

MA

TABLE

DEFINITIONS

CURRENT LOOP PIN

2-1

AND

CONNECTOR PINS,

POLARITY

Mnemonic Mnemonic Definition

AA

101 BA 103 BB

104 CA 105 CB CC

106

107 Data Set Ready AB 102 CF SCA SCF

-

109 Carrier Detect

-

122

-

- - Current Loop

SCA 120 CD

-

CH

-

108.2 Data Terminal Ready

- Current Loop Transmit +

.111

-

Protective Ground

to

Transmit Data

Receive

Data from Modem

Modem

Request-to-Send

Clear-to-Send

Signal Ground

Secondary Channel Request-to-Send (202 modem) Secondary Current Loop

Channel Carrier Detect

Receive Receive

-

+

Secondary Channel Request-to-Send (RS232, V24 modem)

Speed Current Loop

Select, always

Transmit-

ON

(High

Speed)

*Pin

23

is operation one end).

used on some dual-speed modems

of

the dual-speed modem

is

desired,

to

select speed. This

it

is

necessary

to

4

VISUAL

"float"

400

23 (extract

always

has

this

signal ON.

23

from

If

low

the modem cable at

speed

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

The

EIA

RS232-C

or

20-milliampere current loop interface

is

selected

via

a row

of

8minia-

ture dip switches located at position U73 on the

P.C.B.

Table 2-2 summarizes the initial

switch setting

and

the function

of

each

miniature switch.

TABLE

2-2

INITIAL

SETTINGS

AND

FUNCTIONS FOR

INTERNAL

SWITCHES

Switch

Initial

.

Number

Setting

OFF

ON

Comments

1

OFF

Disable Optional

Enable Optional

No Optional

Character Generator

ROM

in

ROM

Standard

Unit

2

OFF

E I A Interface

Cu

rrent Loop

Interface

3

OFF

EIA

Interface

or

Cu

rrent Loop

Receive

Cu

rrent Loop

I nterface

Passive

Active

4

OFF

Passive

Cu

rrent

Active

Cu

rrent

Receive

Loop Interface

(Exterior Current

(V400 Current

Source)

5

OFF

EIA

Interface

or

Cu

rrent Loop

X-mit

Current Loop

I nterface

Passive

Active

6

OFF

Passive

Current

Active Current

X-mit

Loop Interface

7

OFF

#19

on

EIA

#19

Switches

For

EIA

Interface

Appropriately

Secondary

Disconnected

Channel

8

ON

Pin #11

on

EIA

#11 Switches

For Bell

202

Interface

Appropriately

Secondary

Disconnected

Channel

Examples

of

Typical Settings

1.

Passive

Current Loop Interface; Switches 2,

3,5

ON

2.

Active Current Loop Interface; Switches

2,

4, 6

ON

3.

EIA

RS232/CCITT V24, Switch 7

ON

(all other switches OFF)

4. Bell 202 Interface, Switch 8

ON

(all other switches OFF)

5

VISUAL

Other communication interface features include:

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

• Local

• 16 data rates ranging

• I ndependent transmit/receive rates

• Odd, even,

• 7

• Half-Duplex

•

• Programmable

BYTE DESCRIPTION BYTE CONFIGURATION

7

BIT

7

BIT

8

BIT

copy capability

(see

data

or 8 bit

Secondary Channel

WITH NO

WITH

WITH NO

Section 3.2.2.21)

or

no parity, generated on transmit and checked on receive

ASCII Code.

or

Line Turnaround Code

PARITY

for

applications requiring the

from

(See

Full-Duplex

I S

50

Figure

to

LSB

111

LSB,

LSB

19,200 baud

2-1

for

various byte configurations)

II 2 II

3

il\

"echoing"

MSB

4

II

5:1

61

7 I STOP

MSB

of

transmitted

8

BIT

WITH

PARITY

(MARK)I~

(SPACE).

S

LSB LEAST MSB

STOP

P

Figure 2-1. Byte Configurations

STARTBIT,ALWAYS=O MOST

LSB

S

,I,

II

211

SIGNIFICANT

(ALWAYS

STOP BIT(S), 2

1

AT

PARITY

SPACE,

HIGHER

BIT,

ODDOR

3

II

WITH 8 BIT

AT

110

THAN

4 I 5

DATA

110

DATA

BAUD

EVEN

il6

BIT

CODE)

OR

I

7\

LESS,

MSB

81\

pi

STOP

6

2.4

GENERAL

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

SPECIFICATIONS

INCORPORATED, 540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

TERMINAL

TYPE:

COMMUNICATION

Code:

Type:

Speed:

Method: Mode: Parity:

Interface:

Bits:

Stop

SCREEN PRESENTATION

Display

Unit: Format: Cursor: Character Formation: 7 x 7 Character

Presentation:

Refresh Rate: Character

Sets:

Video Attributes: Multiple Area

Definition:

X3.64 Standard,

ANSI

TTY

Compatible Z-80 Microprocessor

based.

128 Character ASCII

Asynchronous

Serial

Independent Xmit/receive rates;

50,75,

110

134.5,150,200,300,600,1200,1800,2000

2400,3600,4800,9600,19,200 Character by Character (conversational)

with

or

Full-duplex

Odd,

even,

none

IA

RS232-C

E

2 at 110

12"

BPS

or

non-glare CRT. Composite video

without

and

20/50 M.A. current loop

below, 1 at 134.5

24 lines by 80 columns, Blinking block

dot

Single/double heights 50/60

Hz

or

matrix

blinking underline, selectable

with 2 dot

and

local echo, or Half-duplex

or

24

lines by 132 columns

lower-case extenders

widths, selectable

BPS

output

or

and

Block

above

on

line

basis

128 ASCII, German, Swedish/Finnish, Norwegian/Danish,

French, U.K., Spanish, Portuguese;

plus 32 character graphics

all standard Underline, reverse-video, Numeric

fill,

only, alpha only, alph-numeric, right justify, must

total fill, protect, protect

blink, bold in any combination

and

guard

DATA

AUDIBLE

EXTERNAL

ENTRY:

INDICATORS;

OPERATOR

CONTROLS:

LED INDICATORS: Line/Local, Keyboard Locked, Character/Block Mode, Insert

Scroll mode, selectable scroll On

receipt

indicator,

of

BEL code, keyclick

selectable bell at column 72/124.

area,

smooth scroll.

for

xmitted

Power ON/OFF

Mode, Protect,Mode, Programmable LED

7

codes

and

error

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

KEYBOARD:

DIAGNOSTICS: POWER: PHYSICAL:

OPERATING

RANGE:

OPTIONS:

STANDARDS:

Detachable

sol

id-state, capacitive

auto repeat. Self test

±

15%

117 x AC H x W x D;

Terminal 37

10

to

40

degrees

Humidity

5%

@ 1 A, 250 V AC ±

13" x 17" x 21",

Ibs.

to

Celsius,

95%

-20

non-condensing

weight: Keyboard 6

to

Serial Buffered Printer Interface Green Phosphor

2 or 4 Extra

Listed U.L. 478

Screen

Pages

of

File E73056

Memory

scan

technology, selectable

15%

@ .5A

60

(storage)

Ibs,

8

3.1

INSTALLATION

When location

VISUAL

installing the

1.

2.

3.

TECHNOLOGY

VISUAL

or

new communications

Unpack Tilt

If

the

the terminal

the voltage the voltage

Section 8.8.

If

the

4.

5.

interface

If

the interface

internal switches

6.

Install the rear panel.

7.

Plug in

the

sponding connector.

8.

Power on the terminal.

If

9.

intensity

INCORPORATED,

3.

START-UP PROCEDURES

400

for

trunk,

terminal

and

portion

is

correct, proceed

is

incorrect, change the transformer wiring

is

EIA,

proceed

is

current loop, remove the rear panel (Section 8.2)

as

defined in Table 2-2.

540

MAIN

STREET,

the first time,

or

when moving the terminal

the following steps should

place

it

in

the

desired

up

and

read

the

voltage value

to

step

4.

with

step

7.

TEWKSBURY,

be

work

area.

from

as

MA

followed.

the

described in

Keyboard cable, Interface cable, and Printer cable

is

too

low, cursor

not

visible,

press

SET-UP key once, then

01876

serial

into

to

a new

number tag.

and

set the

the corre-

press

and

SET-UP MODES

3.2

3.2.1 General The

minal features which features selected and stored in a special mode called SET-UP mode. When SET-UP mode the status features nal

will

mode) or fixed SET-UP mode

shows whether of

each SET-UP B and SET-UP C summarize the status described in detail in Section 3.2.2. Table

determined in SET-UP A,

*If

the

hold the

10.

Proceed

VISUAL

of

to

terminal features

any desired configuration. Once the desired configuration

[£J

with

400 does

will

be on

and

modes

key

until

the

SET-UP procedure

not

use

exterior switches

or

off.

Instead, a nonvolative RAM memory

are

enabled and disabled. Terminal features

is

displayed on the screen. You

screen

presentation

as

described in Section 3.2.

or

jumpers

function per the new configuration on either temporary

basis

(by performing the SAVE operation).

is

divided

an

80

columnar tab stop.

buffered

printer

option

into

three parts; SET-UP A, SET-UP B and SET-UP

or

132 column

Each

SET-UP A feature

B,

and

C.

is

present, SET-UP mode

screen

format

3-1

is

divided

is

selected

is

described in detail in Section 3.2.2.

of

other terminal features

summarizes the various features

into

4 parts,

is

visible.

to

determine which built-in ter-

is

used

to

remember

and

modes

is

entered,

can

then

change

is

selected, the termi-

basis

(by exiting SET-UP

the terminal

C*.SET-UP

and

also displays the location

and

are

that

are

see

Section 7.

are

A

also

9

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

3.2.1.1 How SET-UP A

be

entered

Subsequent depressions

UP

8 and SET-UP

3.2.1.2 How When

This presentation shows the whether

to

Enter SET-UP Mode

is

entered

from

SET-UP A

by

depressing the I

C.

to

Determine the Status

SET-UP A

an

80

is

column

by

entered, the

SET-UP A

TO

EXIT PRESS

"SET-UP"

depressing

and

~·I

of

the

location

or

132 column

the

SET-UP key on the keyboard. SET-UP 8 may

SET-UP C may

key on the keyboard.

rn

screen

key

of

SET-UP Features

will

of

each

format

only

will

alternately switch between SET-UP

display a presentation

tab stop,

is

enabled.

be entered

as

indicated

from

SET-UP 8 and

as

shown in Figure 3-1.

by a "T"

and also shows

are

A,

only

SET-

T T T T T T T T T

123456789ot.JU1:rI:pnn

When

SET-UP 8

This presentation shows which features

If

the

Paging

indicated in Figure 3.28.

is

Option

2345678901tJU11J:pnn

Figure 3-1. SET-UP A Presentation

entered, the screen

is

installed, the SET-UP 8 presentation

2345678901.JU1:rI:pnn

will

display a presentation

are

enabled per the summary in Figure 3-3.

will

be altered slightly

234567890l

as

shown in Figure 3-2A.

10

N

f.:W::I:w:1tpr:::ll1l:1CiI:r.l:r.'Iplr:t

as

1

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

SET-UP B

TO

EXIT

INCORPORATED,

PRESS

"SET-UP"

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

1 II1II 2 mill 3

DID

4

mD 5 m!II

Figure 3-2A SET-UP B Presentation

SET-UP B

TO

EXIT

PRESS

"SET-UP"

Number

of

pages: 5

Current

page: 1

6.l!1!m

711!11

8

DID

XMIT=9600 RECV=9600

1 II1II 2 mill 3

DB

Figure 3-2B SET-UP B Presentation, Paging Option

4

mD

5

BI

6 DB

11

711!11

8

DB

910 I 010101

X=9600

T=9600

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

~SCROlL

O=JUMP

l"'SMOOTH

r--

AUTOREPEAT O=OFF

MODE 1=ON

SCREEN

PRESENTATION

O"NORMAL

lzREVER8E

r-

CU:~~:DERLINE

l=BLOCK

LINE

TRANSMIT

r--

MODE

O=PAGE

l=LlNE

ONLY

_ AUTOWRAP.MODE

.------

O=DISAlLOWED

l=ALLOWED

NEW LINE MODE

O=LF=LF ONLY

l=LF=lF/CR

AUTO-T AS

MODE

r-

O=OFF

.-oN

dT

rTldT

f

Tl31 I I

II.rTTTl

RECEIVER

XON/XOFF

O=DISALLOWED

1=ALLOWED

REFRESH

RATE

0=60

HZ

1=50

HZ

XMITTER XON/XOFF

L-.

O=DlSAllOWED l=AlLOWED

L--

~6FC~ICK

l=ON

~

MARGIN O=OFF

BELL

1=ON

BITS

L

PER

CHARACTER

0=-7

BITS

1=8

BITS

L-

PARITV ENABLE

L-

PARITV SENSE

O=OFF

l=ENABLE

0=000

l=EVEN

.-----

DUPLEX

O=fULL

1;HALF

SELECT

EDITING

EXTENT

MODE

OO=DlSPI,..AY

01=FIELD

10=lINE

11=AREA

r--LOCAl

COPY

O=OFF

l=ON

,-

TURNAROUND

O=TACC

l=SEC.

CHAN.

CHARACTER

MODE

D='BLOCK

l=CHARACTER

Q=GUARD l=UNGUARD

PAGE

TRANSMIT O=ENTIRE MEMORV

, 1

RESERVED

51 I rTl0L,-L-,--L,...L,..J7If

T T

1.1

I I

I I 9

b@

oDE1=CURRENTWINDOW

NOTE

EDIT

BOUNDARY

AND

PAGE

TRANSMIT

MODES

ARE PRESENT ONLY

WITH PAGING OPTION.

HORIZONTAL EDITING

MODE O=RIGHT l=LEFT

VERTICAL EDITING MODE

():BELOW l=ABOVE

ERASURE MODE

Q=ERASE

UNPROTECT

l=ERASE ALL

CONTROL

REPRE'ENTATION

MODE

Q=OFF l=ON

MODIFIED

DATA

L AREA MODE

Q=ALL l=MODIFIED ONL V

TRANSFER

L-

TERMINATION

MODE O=ALL l=STOPAT

CURSOR

MULTIPLE

AREA

L-

TR~=~~~6~EMODE

l=MUL TIPLE

TRANSMIT

L----

REQUEST

MODE O=NORMAL DATA XMIT l=XMIT REQUEST ONL V

Figure 3-3. SET-UP B Summary

12

•

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

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540

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STREET,

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MA

01876

When SET-UP C This presentation

SET-UP

TO

EXIT

P~ESS

SOM=I 0021

AS=[Qll]

is

entered, the screen

is

summarized

C

"SET-UP"

FEol=10131

will

display a presentation

in

Figure 3-5.

SEOl=1

,010

I FEOM=10031 SEOM=I 0041

Figure 3-4. SET-UP C Presentation

as

shown in Figure 3-4.

TACC=~

SOM=

,.--

002

__

START

CODE IN

AS=

OF MESSAGE

DECIMAL

AREA

SEPARATOR

DECIMAL

FIRST END OF LINE CODE IN

DECIMAL

SEOL=~

FIRST END OF MESSAGE

CODE

IN

DECIMAL

031

CODE IN

FEOL= 013

Figure 3-5. SET-UP C Summary

r--- CODE IN

SECOND END OF MESSAGE CODE

SECOND END OF

FEOM= 003 SEOM=

IN

DECIMAL

TURN

AROUND

CODE

IN

(CHARACTER MODE

LINE

004

CONTROL

DECIMAL

ONL

TACC=

YI

013

13

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

3.2.1.3

How

to

Change SET-UP

As

noted

earlier

The

SET-UP features stored when

in

Figures 3-1, 3-2 and 3-4.

To

change

should be followed:

any

1.

Enter

2.

Select the

keyboard. SET-UP A

B

to

Table

UP

C.

3. Position the

feature

ing a

4. Depress tures

I

~I

Features

in

this section, SET-UP features may be

the

VISUAL

or

all

of

the

SET-UP features from

SET-UP

either

change SET-UP B

3-1

single dedicated key

the

have

mode

by

depressing

SET-UP A, SET-UP B

must

features

lists

the

features

the

cursor (via

or

tab

stop

I

~

I key

two

possible

key will alternately enable and disable

that

the

I

to

be changed. (Some features may be changed by depress-

and

thus

to

change

states,

enabled

400

the

or

SET-UP C by depressing

be

selected

and SET-UP C

are changeable

--I

EJ

do

the

stored

is

shipped from

the

keyboard,

SET-UP key.

to

change SET-UP A features, SET-UP

in

spacebar,

not

required this step.)

feature or

under

disabled, and each depression

the

in

non-volatile memory.

the

factory are

the

following procedure

the

to

change SET-UP C features.

SET-UP A, SET-UP B and SET-

tab

or

return key) over

the

cursor. SET-UP B fea-

SET-UP B feature

I

~

I key on

of

under

shown

the

which

the

cursor resides. SET-UP C features have ASCII code) and each depression possible states until

By following

to

suit

bility with After

changing VISUAL configuration

UP

features initially displayed are still

and are remembered

per

this

down

then

3.2.1.4 cussion

If,

after uration, sion

of

the

preference

the

400

fixed configuration when:

powered-up,

for

a discussion

of

the

changing SET-UP features, it

a SAVE

the

SAVE

the

desired

steps listed in

of

a particular

host

computer.

any

or

all

of

will

function

of

SET-UP features

by

the

or

of

the

RESET

operation.)

operation

operation.)

ofthe

one

Section

the

SET-UP features, and exiting SET-UP mode,

per

the

new configuration. Please

is

terminal.

a RECALL

RECAL L

must

be performed. (See

I

~

is reached.

3.2.1.3.,

operator,

selected

stored

The

VISUAL

the

terminal

operation

operation,

is

desired

128

possible states (one for each

I key will

SET-UP features may be changed

and

on a temporary

in

the

is

to

store

step

through

to

achieve terminal compati-

note

basis only.

non-volatile

400

will recall and

reset,

the

terminal

is

performed. (See

see

Section

the

Section

3.2.1.6

new SET-UP config-

3.2.1.5

the

that

RAM

memory

is

for a discus-

function

powered-

Section

for a dis-

the

The

128

the

new

SET-

14

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

SET-UP

Feature

Line/Local

Column

(80/132) Tabs Screen Scrolling Mode

(Jump/Smooth) Autorepeat Mode Screen Cursor Margin Bell Keyclick Transmitter

XON/XOFF

Mode

Brightness

Mode

Selection

TABLE

SE~UPFEATURECHANGESUMMARY

Change

SET-UP A SET-UP B SET-UP C Key

vi

In How

vi

V

y'

3-1

Dedicated

CD

IT]

2 and 3

rn~

and

0

vi vi

vi

vi vi

vi

to

Change

GJ

Feature

Position

Then

I

~

I Key

vi

.J

v'

vi

.j

vi

Cursor

Depress

From

Host

vi

,vi

vi

Receiver XON/XOFF

Line Transmit

Mode Autowrap Mode LF New Line Mode Auto-Tab Mode Parity Parity Enable Bits

Refresh Rate uuplex Local Turnaround Character/Block

Mode

Sense

Per

Character

Echo

vi

y'

vi

vi vi

vi

v'

vi

.J

vi

V

vi vi

vi

vi vi

.J

vi

y'

vi

V

.J

vi

v'

15

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

SET-UP

Feature

Control

Representation

Mode Erasure Mode

Vertical

Editing Horizontal

Editing Mode

Select Editing Mode

Edit (Paging

Guarded Area

Transfer Mode Transmit

Request Mode Multiple

Transfer Mode

Transfer Termination Mode

Modified Area

Transfer Mode

Page

(Paging Option Only)

Mode

Boundry Mode

Option

Transmit Mode

Only)

Area

TABLE

SET-UP

SET-UP A SET-UP B SET-UP C

FEATURE

Change

In

CHANGE

3-1

..;

..; ..; ..;

..;

..; ..;

..;

SUMMARY

How

Dedicated

Key

(Cont.)

to

Change Feature

Position

Then

IT]

Cursor

Depress

Key

..;

..; ..;

..; ..; ..;

..;

From Host

..; ..; ..;

..; ..;

..; ..; ..;

..;

..; ..;

..;

Transmit

Receive

Answerback Message

Keyboard Layout

Start Message

Area Separator Code

First End

'Line Code

Second End

Line Code First End

Message

Second End

Message Turn Around

Control Code

Speed

of

Code

of

Code

of

Code

..; ..;

..;

rn

GJ

80

60

..; ..; ..; ..; ..; ..; ..;

..;

..; ..;

..;

..; ..;

..;

..; ..; ..;

/

..;

16

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

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MA

01876

3.2.1.4 Performing a The stored

desired the

following:

3.2.1.5

SA VE operation

The

following:

After

SET-UP

after changing the features.

3.2.1.6

SET-UP features may vary

to

return

1.

Enter SET-UP mode

2.

Depress the

a few seconds the terminal

Performing a

1.

Enter SET-UP mode

2.

Depress the

will

performing the

features

Performing a RESET Operation

RECALL

to

the

SAVE

return

temporarily,

Operation

stored features,

SHIFT

is

SH I FT

to

SAVE

and R keys simultaneously. The screen

Operation

used

to

store all

and S keys simultaneously.

SET-UP A mode.

operation the

do

not

from

the

will

current

use

the

SET-UP features

RECALL

return

the

to

SET-UP features, and

current

SAVE

currently

operation should

SET-UP mode.

After

a few seconds the terminal

SET-UP features

operation, simply

selected.

be

performed per

will

be

cleared.

is

performed per the

will

be

stored.

exit

SET-UP mode

If

To

it

is

After

select

RESET operation

The and

is

used

to

run the self test and return the SET-UP features operation following:

3.2.2 This section describes

3.2.2.1 Line/Local On-line

mode

the computer.

Local operation terminal board

will

also clear the screen

1.

Enter SET-UP mode

2.

Depress the

all initialized parameters and fixed SET-UP features.

or

local operation may

by

depressing the

ON-LINE

is

LED. When On-line,

is

electrically disconnected

looped back through

is

indicated

has

the

same

effect

of

any data. The RESET operation

rn

key on

SET-UP features and

be

rn

by

the

keyboard. The terminal

selected in either SET-UP A, SET-UP 8,

key. On-line operation

the

terminal may

illumination

from

the

terminal receiver and displayed on the screen.

as

powering-down then powering-up the terminal

to

their

fixed

states. This

is

performed per the

will

reset and return

the

effect

of

each

is

indicated

send

and receive data

of

the

LOCAL

host computer.

feature on the

by

the

LED. When in Local, the

Any

data entered

VISUAL

or

SET-UP C

illumination

from

the host

at

the key-

to

400.

of

17

VISUAL

\ 3.2.2.2 Coiumn Mode

The

VISUAL

of

132 characters.

screen Column mode may

3.2.2.3 Tabs

are

TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED,

400 may display a

destroyed.

If

double

halved i.e., a 132 column

characters provides

540

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

screen

When

changing between the 80/132 column formats, the contents

also

be

changed

width

characters

for

format

by

the host,

NOTE

are

format

66 double-width characters per line.

used,

used

of

either 24 lines

see

Section 5.4.15.

the number

in conjunction

of

characters per line

MA

of

80 characters,

with

double width

01876

or

24 lines

is

of

the

In SET-UP A mode, the location

be

cleared by depressing the I

or

clear a stop on

1.

Position the cursor under the tab stop

2.

Depress quent depressions

cursor

Tab stops may

The tab stops indicated

3.2.2.4

Screen

mode.

pressing the [j], key.

brightness may

Screen

an

individual

the I

location.

also

be

Brightness

brightness

~

set

and

be

adjusted up

is

of

#3£

'I

basis,

I key

increased

of

the I

cleared

to

by a "T"

each

tab stop

key

or

the following procedure should

set/clear the tab stop

~

I key

by

the host computer,

NOTE

or

down, in either SET-UP

by

depressing the

is

indicated by a

tab stops may

to

be

set

will

alternately set/clear the tab stop

apply

to

Character mode only.

be

cleared i_ndividually.

or

cleared.

at

the cursor location.

see

~

key,

"T".

All

tab stops may

be

followed:

Section 5.3.3.

A,

Set-Up

and

B,

decreased

To

Subse-

or

SET-UP C

by

at

set

the

de-

3.2.2.5

Scrolling Mode

Scrolling

Jump

to

make room

Smooth scroll room feature which

Smooth/Jump

of

scroll

for

new lines

data on the is

the traditional scrolling method whereby lines

for

new I ines

is

a scrolling hlethod whereby lines

of

data entered on the screen. Smooth scroll

allows scrolling lines

scroll may

screen

of

also

may take place in one or

data entered on the

of

data

to

be

changed

from

18

screen.

of

data move a

be

more easily

the host computer,

two

ways: smooth

of

data move one line

is

read

or

jump scroll.

at

scan

line at a time

a human engineering

by

an

operator.

see

Section 5.4.16.

a time

to

make

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

3.2.2.6 Autorepeat Mode

INCORPORATED.

540

MAIN

STREET.

TEWKSBURY.

MA

01876

enabled, Autorepeat mode allows

When per second,

when

repeating except

and

key

CTR L will

with

generate its code once per key depression.

Autorepeat mode may

3.2.2.7 When

ground. Screen

3.2.2.8

Screen

enabled, this mode

Cursor Selection

Mode

When

reset, characters

mode may also

The cursor marks the be

defined

to

be

3.2.2.9 Margin Bell When

enabled, this feature allows a warning bell

characters

from

3.2.2.10 Keyclick

each

the

key

is

for

ESC,

NO SCROLL,

depressed

for

TAB,

any key, when autorepeat

also

be

selected

causes

characters

are

be

selected by the host computer,

point

where the

either a blinking block

the

end

of

the current line. When disabled no warning bell

by

formed

key

to

generate its code at a rate

more than 0.75

seconds.

PRINT, HOME,

is

enabled.

When

the host computer,

to

be

formed by black dots on a white back-

by

white

dots on a black background.

see

character

will

be

underline.

to

be

sounded when the cursor

All

keys

XMIT,

autorepeat

see

BREAK,

is

disabled,

Section 5.4.20.

Section 5.4.17.

entered on the

of

will

RETURN

screen

will

be

30

times

be

auto-

each

and

is

eight

sounded.

may

When

enabled, this feature provides

VISUAL

will

3.2.2.11 Transmitter This feature allows the

(DC1) lost. most full

The receive

400 every time a code-generating key

be

sounded

to

indicate the generation

XON/XOFF

VISUAL

synchron ization codes

When

enabled,

or

the NO SCROLL key

XON code

FIFO

buffer

will

the

XOFF code

be

automatically transmitted

is

almost empty

The host computer must respond

XON/XOF

3.2.2.12 Receiver

F protocol

XON/XOFF

This feature determines whether protocol.

to

for

an

audible keyclick tone

is

of

a code

400

to

automatically generate the

make

sure

data transmitted

will

be

transmitted when the receive FIFO

is

depressed.

or

the

NO

SCROLL key

to

XON/XOFF

NOTE

is

not

available in half-duplex.

or

not

the

VISUAL

depressed.

by

When

key depression.

from

to

resume

protocol

for

400 will respond

to

be

generated

by

the

disabled, no audible tone

XOFF

the host computer

(DC3) and XON

is

not

buffer

is

host transmission when the

is

depressed

this feature

again.

to

be

to

XON/XOFF

effective.

al-

19

VISUAL

When

enabled and the terminal terminal terminal suspended block transmission will

The

3.2.2.13 Line Transmit Mode

to will

XON/XOFF

TECHNOLOGY

suspend

resume

codes

any transmission in

any transmission

will never

INCORPORATED,

is

in Block mode, receipt

that

be

completed.

be

recognized

540

progress.

was

in progress before XOFF

MAIN

STREET,

of

Upon receipt

if

preceded by

TEWKSBURY,

the XOFF code will

of

ESC.

MA

01B76

the XON code, the

was

received.

cause

the

Any

This feature determines the power-up state Section 5.4.22.

3.2.2.14 Autowrap Mode This feature determines the power-up state

5.4.19.

3.2.2.15 Linefeed New Line Mode

This feature determines the power-up state

tion

5.4.11.

3.2.2.16

This feature determines the state

3.2.2.17 Parity Enable

The Parity enable feature provides a check feature and

Auto

Tab Mode

of

is

enabled, the

generate parity on transmitted data.

I

:.:-:

I

will

be

placed on the

VISUAL

screen

400

Auto

will

in place

of

Line Transmit mode

of

Autowrap mode

of

LF New Line mode

Tab mode

for

check received data

If

a character

of

and

errors in host transmitted data.

is

the error character.

and

is

described

for

received

correct parity (odd

and

is described in

is

described in Section

and

is

described in

in

Section 5.4.13.

When

with

incorrect parity, a

Sec-

this

or

even)

3.2.2.18 Parity

The Parity

utilized.

3.2.2.19 B its This feature determines whether

When

enabled, this feature always See

Figure

3.2.2.20 50

and

feature.

Sense

feature determines whether

If

the Parity Enable feature

Per

Ch

aracter

set

to

space

(0), When disabled,

2-1

for

possible byte configurations.

Refresh

60 Hz refresh-rate capability

When

Rate

this feature

each

will

cause 8 bit

is

OFF, 60 Hz

an

odd

or

is

disabled, the Parity

transmitted character

is

built

characters

each

transmitted character will contain 7 data bits.

into

is

selected, when ON, 50 Hz

20

to

the basic

even

parity checking

Sense

will

contain 7 or 8 data bits.

be

transmitted

unit

and

scheme

feature

will

be

with

bit

#8

is

determined by this

is

selected.

will

be

disregarded.

(M.S.B.)

VISUAL

3.2.2.21 Duplex

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

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MA

01876

This feature selects either half-duplex to

Send

Lead

is

always

In half-duplex, communication nally echoed back

the keyboard

or

the selected Turn Around Control Code

complete discussion

3.2.2.22 The

the screen. duplex,

Local Echo

Local Echo feature provides

If

an

or

the host computer

"high"

and

is

to

the screen. The Request

of

half/full-duplex operation.

echoing

of

transmitted data

or

3.2.2.23 Turn Around This feature

a Turn Around

If

the Turn Around feature selects a Turn

Code

may

3.2.2.24

applies

to

Character mode half-duplex operation

Control Code

be

any ASCII character

Character/Block Mode

or

This feature determines whether the Character transmission mode

as

or

full-duplex operation. In full-duplex, the Request

data may be independently transmitted

only

in one direction at a time, transmitted data

to

Send

Lead

is

high when a key

is

for

an

automatic

is

not

modem provides

secondary channel

Around

and

may

be

selected remotely

received.

"echoing"

of

desired, the terminal

an

echo, this feature should

only

will

be

used

Control Code, the Turnaround Control

See

Section 6.3

transmitted data back

is

and

determines whether

for

line turnaround.

or

in SET-UP C mode.

terminal operates in a Block transmission mode,

described in Section 5.4.8.

and

set

received.

is

inter-

is

typed on

for

half-

be

disabled.

to

or

a

3.2.2.25

Control Representation Mode

This feature determines the state

5.4.3.

3.2.2.26 Erasure Mode

This feature determines the state

3.2.2.27

Vertical Editing Mode

This feature determines the state

3.2.2.28

Horizontal Editing Mode

This feature determines the state

3.2.2.29 This feature

of

3.2.2.30

Edit

Boundary Mode

is

Edit

Boundary mode

provided

only

as

Select Editing Extend Mode

This feature determines the state

of

Control Representation mode

of

with

Erasure mode

of

Vertical Editing mode

of

Horizontal Editing mode

the

Paging

as

Option

described in Section 8.3.1.

of

Select Editing Extent mode

as

described in Section

described in Section 5.4.5.

as

described in Section 5.4.6.

as

described in Section 5.4.7.

and determines the power-up state

as

described in Section 5.5.

21

VISUAL

3.2.2.31 Guarded Area Transfer Mode

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

This feature determines the state

5.4.1.

3.2.2.32 Transmit Request Mode Thisfeature

3.2.2.33 This feature determines the state

5.4.9.

3.2.2.34 Transfer Termination Mode This feature determines the state

5.4.10.

3.2.2.35 Modified Data Area Transfer Mode This feature determines the state

5.4.14.

3.2.2.36 This feature

of

Page

determines the state

Multiple

Page

Transfer mode

Area Transfer Mode

Transfer Mode

is

provided

only

as

described in Section 8.3.2.

with

of

Guarded Area Transfer Mode

of

Transmit Request Mode

of

Multiple

of

Transfer Termination Mode

of

Modified Area Transfer Mode

the

Paging

as

described in Section

as

described in Section 5.4.21.

Area Transfer Mode

Option and determines the power-up state

as

described in Section

as

described in Section

as

described in Section

3.2.2.37. This feature mode, play the various transmit baud rates

3.2.2.38 This feature mode, play the various baud rates

3.2.2.39 Answerback The Answerback

Answerback ENQ code,

swerback

Xmit

Speed

is

used

to

each

depression on the

Receive

each

1.

2.

Speed

is

used

to

depression

Message

(without

is

set per the

Enter SET-UP B mode. Depress

on the screen.

will

affecting the screen),

the

select one

of

the

until

is

set

be

automatically sent

following

SH I FT

of

the 16 available transmit baud rates. When in SET-UP B

rn

GJ

in a manner

and A keys simultaneously. The terminal

key

will

cause

the terminal

until

the desired transmit

of

16 available receive baud rates. When in SET-UP B

key

will

cause

the terminal

the desired receive

different

or

whenever

procedure.

speed

is

from

other terminal features. The

to

the host computer

eTR

to

speed

to

reached.

L-B

REAK

step through

is

reached.

step through and dis-

IJPon

receipt

is

depressed. An-

will

display

and

of

dis-

the

"A="

22

VISUAL

3.

iEnter the

Answerback

TECHNOLOGY

message

Message

Message.

4. Enter the Answerback

and

may contain any ASCII characters including control

are

part

of

the

5. Enter the

After

completing the

basis.

feature, by performing the

The .Answerback

message

above

Message

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

deliminator character. This character

and

may

be

any character

Message

message,

they

deliminator character

steps, the Answerback

may

which may

will

be

stored

be

a maximum

be

display~d

as

to

end the Answerback

Message

on

a fixed

basis,

SAVE operation.

TEWKSBURY,

not

used

MA

will

not

in

the Answerback

of

20 characters long,

codes.

• when entered.

is

selected

like

on

a temporary

any

other SET-UP

01876

be

part

of

If

control codes

Message.

the

3.2.2.40 The

Select Keyboard Layout feature allows the outs. following.

After basis ing the

Please only, Command version command

Select Keyboard Layout

user

to

seJect

Each

keyboard layout

1.

Enter SET-UP B mode.

2.

Depress

"K="

3.

Enter a numeric character between zero

the

on the

SH I FT

is

illustrated in Appendix

and K keys simultaneo[lsly. The terminal

screen.

and

III.

This feature

seven

to

anyone

of

8 keyboard lay-

is

selected per the

will

display

select the desired keyboard

layout.

1

or

0 = U.S./U.K.

2 = French

3 = German 4 = Swedish/Finnish 5 = Norwegian

6 = Spanish

7 = Portuguese

8 Danish

completing the above steps the keyboard layout

only,

but

may

be

stored on a fixed

basis,

like any other SET-UP feature, by perform-

SAVE operation.

note that the Select Keyboard Layout SET-UP feature defines the keyboard layout

and

does

not

alter the presently enabled character

is

used

for

VISUAL

and

also

defining the character

400

will

select the French character

define the Keyboard Layout

set.

For

to

be

will

be

selected on a temporary

set.

The Select Character Set example, a set

via the Select Character Set

French

user

desiring a French

see

Section 5.3.11.

When

selecting a keyboard layout the keyboard

switched

to

generate codes

WARNING

the selected layout which

that

are

different from the

23

means

legends

is

immediately

that

many keys may

on the keycaps.

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

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01876

3.2.2.41 Start This code may

of

Message function will

lock

The start Set Communication

is

entered, the presently selected SOM change the SOM, position key.

Each

the

play reached, the terminal

The

SOM may

3.2.2.42 Area Separator Code This code applies

codes. Once defined, the Area Separator code streams by

the

perform a terminal

of

Message

be

code

will key transmissions, and status transmissions. Receipt the keyboard.

of

Message

depression

128 decimal values

be

to

separate

terminal

so

Code (SOM)

defined

stored

to

each

the

function.

to

be

anyone

precede all Block transmissions

Code may

Control

of

the I

will

by

Block Mode

transmitted

user should

be

set

in SET-UP C Mode

Code command,

will

the

cursor under the SOM decimal value and depress the I

~

I key

of

the ASCII Code Chart. When the desired SOM value

function

performing the

(AS)

per the newly selected SOM by exiting SET-UP mode.

only

and may

area.

be

careful

of

the 128 ASCII codes. Once defined, the Start

from

the

VISUAL of

the start

or

may

see

Section 5.3.13. When SET-UP C

be

displayed in decimal notation.

will

cause

the SOM value

SAVE

Received Area Separator codes

to

be

will

select

operation.

defined

be

to

inserted

an

ASCII code

be

anyone

into

400

including all

of

Message

be

set remotely via the

To

to

step through and dis-

of

the

128 ASCII

Block transmission data

will

be

ignored

that

is

not

used

Code

~

I

is

to

The Area Separator code may Communication

AS

The sor under the decimal value

is

value

3.2.2.43 First End These codes apply

ASCII codes. Once defined, data streams cause

the Carriage Return

Receipt

code which

For

these reasons the user should

The

FEOl

Communication Control Code command,

FEOl

The tures i.e., position the cursor under

the

I·~

Control

is

set

from

reached.

to

of

the

will

and

I key

the keyboard

of

to

signify

SEOl

do

so.

SEOl

until

be

set in SET-UP C mode

Code command

in

of

the AS then depress the I

Line Code

Block mode

the

will

cause

may

are set

the desired decimal value

(FEOl)

the

FEOl

end

of

function

the Line

be

set

in SET-UP C mode

from

only

data on

be

or

may be set

see

Section 5.3.13.

a manner similar

and Second End

and

each

and

SEOl

each

to

be

performed and

Feed

careful when selecting the FEOL/SEOL.

see

Section 5.3.13.

the keyboard in a manner similar

the

decimal value

to

the SOM code, i.e., position the cur-

~

I key

of

Line Code

may be defined

will

be inserted

transmitted line. Receipt

is

the only code

function

is

to

or

may

of

reached.

the

be

FEOl

remotely

until

(SEOl)

to

be

any

into

Block transmission

performed and

set remotely via the Set

to

all SET-UP C fea-

or

SEOl

via

the

SET

the desired decimal

of

the

128

of

the

FEOl

which

will

is

the

then depress

do

only

will

so.

24

VISUAL

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MA

01876

3.2.2.44 First End Each

of

these codes apply

ASCII codes. Once defined, the FEOM and

from

the

VISUAL

missions. Receipt

caused The

Communication The

tures, i.e., position the cursor under the

the I

3.2.2.45 This code applies

be

receive state (Request to terminal terminal, the TACC

The transmissions, and status transmissions. Receipt

lock condition The TACC may be set in SET-UP C mode

cation The

by

receipt

FEOM

~

I key

Turn

anyone

Send

is

"high")

to

TACC

Control Code command,

TACC

of

Message

400

of

either the FEOM

of

tile

and

SEaM

Control

and

SEaM

until

the desired decimal value

Around Control Code (TACC)

primarily

of

the 128 ASCII

or

vice

switch

will

is

from

will

also terminate all Character Mode function key transmissions, answerback

caused

set

from

Code (FEOM) and Second End

to

Block Mode

including all Block Mode function key transmissions and status trans-

Start

of

Message

may

be

set

in SET-UP C mode

Code

Command

are

set

from

to

Character Mode half-duplex operation and may be defined

codes.

to

Send

Lead

versa.

the receive state

cause

by receipt

the keyboard in a manner similar

When

the terminal

of

see

only

and/or

code.

see

the keyboard in a manner similar

decimal value

The TACC

on

EIA

received

to

the Start

or

Section 5.3.13.

and

may

be

defined

SEaM

interface

the transmit state.

to

will

terminate all Block transmissions

SEaM

Section 5.3.13.

switch

of

may be

will

clear the keyboard lock condition

or

may

of

the FEOM

is

reached.

is

used

to

switch the

is

"Iow")

by

the terminal the TACC

from

transmit state

of

the TACC

Message

Code.

set

remotely via the Set Communi-

to

all SET-UP C features, i.e., posi-

of

Message

be

set remotely via the Set

to

When

will

Code (SEaM)

to

be

anyone

to

all SET-UP C fea-

or

SEaM then depress

VISUAL

a transmit state (Request

will

transmitted by the

to

receive state.

also

clear the keyboard

of

400

cause

the 128

from

the

to

a

tion

the cursor under the

desired

decimal value

The TACC state

or

vice

dec~mal

is

reached.

will

not

versa

value

of

NOTE

cause

the terminal

unless the Turnaround SET-UP feature

the TACC then depress the I

to

switch from a transmit

is

disabled.

25

~

I key

to

receive

until

the

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

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01876

4.

KEYBOARD

CONTROLS

AND L.E.D.'S

This section describes the various keys and LED indicators on the

VISUAL

400 keyboard and also

describes the codes transmitted and effects

of

each

key on the terminal. As noted in Section

3.2.2 .37, the user may define

anyone

of

eight possible keyboard layouts.

When operating in Block mode, most key depressions

will

cause

a local action

only,

i.e., no codes

will

be

transmitted

with

each

key depressed.

For

example, depressing alpha keys

will

cause

the

alpha characters

to

be

entered

into

memory and displayed on the screen, no transmission

will

occur.

When operating in Character mode, most key depressions

will

cause

characters

to

be

transmitted

as

each

key

is

depressed. A local action

will

occur

only

if

the transmitted code(s) are

"echoed"

back

to

the terminal. (Echoing may

be

accomplished by the modem, host,

or

by

the terminal.)

For

example, depressing alpha keys

will

cause

the code

for

each

key depressed

to

be

immediately trans-

mitted.

The transmitted alpha characters

will

not

appear on the screen unless echoed.

The

VISUAL

400

US/UK

keyboard

is

illustrated in Figure 4-1.

400

,- ,

PRINT XU,T 1

Figure 4-1.

VISUAL

400

US/UK

Keyboard

Layout

This key

is

used

to

alternately enter and

exit

SET-UP Mode and

will

cause

no

codes

to

be

transmitted under any circumstance.

In Character mode, depressing the

ESC

key

causes

the terminal

to

transmit

the

ESC

control

code (octal 033). In

Block

mode the

ESC

code

causes

the

terminal

to

interpret

the

as

opposed

to

displaying it.

The

ESC

code

is

used

to

initiate

all

control

sequences.

27

~

EJ

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

The tion

The junction

upper

of

the

The

enables

special keys are

The control are used

host

abled,

INCORPORATED,

CTR L key

with

SHI

FT

with

case alpha

key.

does

other

keys

key does

alph-numeric keys, it causes generation

code

Two

SH I FT keys

CAPS LOCK key

the

generation

not

affected

NO

SCROLL

codes, if

to

stop/start

recognizes

the

NO

key

the

these

SCROLL

540

MAIN

not

produce a code

to

produce

not

produce a code

or

the

does

of

only

alternately

Transmitter

the

control

code

whose symbol appears

are

on

the

not

produce a code

upper

by

the

CAPS LOCK key.

transmits

XON/XOFF

transmissions from

codes. If

key

will

the

Transmitter

transmit

NOTE

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

by

itself. It

codes

MA

is

depressed

as described in

by itself. When depressed

of

the

on

keyboard

case

the

alpha

the

for

when

characters.

XOFF

feature

host

computer,

operator

depressed. This key

(DC3) and XON (DC1)

is

enabled. These

XON/XOFF

no codes.

01876

in

conjunc-

Section

in

con-

corresponding

the

upper

part

convenience.

The

numeric

codes

provided

feature

is

the

dis-

5.2.

and

When

the

will be

synchronized

terminal.

Example:

Host's transmission causes

terminal

If

the

to

automatically

operator

Buffer empties,

Operator

depresses

I n

Character control stop

if

advance

In

BACK

SPACE

Character

the

BS

to

the

one

position

Transmitter

now

depresses

no

XON sent.

NO

SCROLL,

mode,

code

(octal

the

transmitted

to

the

control

left if

the

to

code

the

XON/XOFF

with

the

use

terminal's

transmit

the

XOFF.

NO

XON sent.

depressing

011)

and

code

tab

stop.

depressing

(octal

transmitted

left.

feature

of

XON/XOFF

FIFO

SCROLL

the

causes

is

echoed.

the

010)

and

code

is

enabled,

the

NO

SCROLL

codes generated by

buffer

to

become

key, no

XOFF

almost

code

full causing

is

sent.

TAB key causes transm ission

the

cursor

In

BACKSPACE

causes

is

echoed.

to

advance

Block

mode

key

causes transmission

the

cursor

In Block mode,

the

to

the

cursor

move

the

of

one

cursor

key

the

HT

tab

of

position

moves

Character

In CR

control

column

Line

of

feature

mode,

code

the

is

depressing

(octal

present

enabled,

the

015),

and causes

line if

the

transmitted

the

RETURN key will

28

RETURN key causes transmission

the

cursor

code

transmit

to

move

is

echoed. If

the

to

the

CR and

first

of

New

LF

the

VISUAL

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01876

r::;;:;l

~

)BAEAKI

SPACE BAR

control next move

In Character mode, depressing the

LF the transmitted codes are echoed. In Block mode the cursor moves line.

Depressing the data-line. Depressing on the data-line and

3.5 seconds. Depressing back

Depressing the

In Character mode, depressing the SPACE BAR

040) erased In Block mode the character

cursor advanced one position.

codes, and

line

if

the transmitted codes are echoed. In Block mode the cursor

to

the

control

code (octal 012) and

Message.

to

be

transmitted, and

and the cursor advanced one position

first

column

BREAK

DELETE

will

cause

of

key

SH

I FT-B

causes

CTRL-BREAK

key

the cursor

the present line

LlNEFEED

causes

causes a 250

REAK

the Data Terminal Ready lead

causes

at

the

the character at the cursor location

the cursor location

to

move

to

the

or

the

first

key

causes

the cursor

millisecond spacing

causes

DEL

to

a 3.5 second spacing

transmission

code (octal 177)

causes

if

the transmitted code

will

first

column

transmission

move

down

to

the

SP

be

erased

column

of

one line

condition

go

low

of

the Answer-

to

be

code (octal

and the

of

the

will

the

the if

down

one

on the

condition

for

generated.

to

be

is

echoed.

line.

033 133 110) position.

QJGJ

EJG

its corresponding in the direction indicated on the key The codes transmitted

on the key.

CODES

In Character mode, depressing the Home Key

to

be

transmitted and

In

Block

In Character mode, depressing a cursor positioning key

In Block mode the cursor moves one position in the direction indicated

GENERATED

Key Sequence

Depressed Generated

mode the cursor moves

ESC

sequence and

by

these keys are summarized in Table 4-1.

TABLE

BY

CURSOR

causes

if

4-1

POSITIONING

the transmitted sequence

causes

the cursor

to

the home position.

the cursor

ESC

[A

ESC

to

KEYS

[ H (octal

move

to

the home

causes

transmission

move one position

is

echoed.

QJ

ESC

[ B

GJ

ESC

[C

G

ESC

[ D

EJ

of

29

VISUAL

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01876

Keys Depressed

FUNCTION

Depressing the

numeric keypad allows

board. function the screen

In Block mode the editing occur. Table 4-2 lists the codes transmitted and the editing functions performed

keypad.

with

In

for

~

FUNCTION

Character mode,

will

be

transmitted and the editing

only

if

the transmitted code sequence

each

depression

TABLE

FUNCTION

Sequence Code Transmitted

in Character Mode

ESC

[ L

ESC

[M

key in conjunction

for

editing functions

the

code sequence associated

function

of

KEY

will

the FUNCTION key

4-2

SUMMARY

be

local

with

to

be

performed

function

is

echoed.

only

with

Action

Mode

Insert Line

Delete Line

certain keys on the

from

the key-

with

each

editing

will

be

performed on

and no transmission

keys on the numeric

Caused

Mode

or

if

Sequence Echoed

in Block

in

Character

will

FUNCTION

with

~

B

ESC

[N

ESC

[ K

ESC

[J

ESC [ 4h

ESC

[P

None

or

ESC

[ 4 Q

Erase

Field

from

Cursor

Erase

Line from Cursor

Erase

Page

from

Cursor

Enable/Disable Insert Replace Mode I ndicated Mode LED

Delete Character

Enable/Disable Copy

Mode

If

Printer Option

Installed

as

by

Insert

Buffered

30

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01876

8

GB

GG

B

G

EJ

G

EJ

Causes

This key installed and on the enabled, the to to

If

enable/disable This key applies

mission to then enabled.

The twelve function keys, labeled PF1-PF12, mable wise,

indicated in Table 4-3. mission

Turn Around Control code when in Character mode.

in Block mode, framed by the Start

End

the

same

action

is

functional

causes

AUX

PORT. XOFF

the

PR I NT

the host upon completion

depressed

be

transmitted depends upon the various transmission modes

as

each

of

Message

function

with

Copy mode.

to

begin when depressed. The

described in Section 5.3.6.

function key

will

be

"framed"

each

codes.

as

the RETURN key.

only

if

the Buffered Printer Option

the contents

If

the

code (DC3)

and the XON code (DC1)

the FUNCTION key this key

Block mode only and

will

Please

by

function

of

Message

of

the

screen

XMITTER

will

of

the

transmit its default

note

the Start

key transmission

code

XON/XOFF

be

sent

PR I NT

causes

portion

If

not

that

each

of

Message

and

First and Second

function.

programmed other-

to

function key trans-

to

be

the host

will

a block trans-

of

the

are

user program-

message

code

will

is

sent

out

feature

alternately

be

prior

be

sent

screen

as

and

When

is

DEFAULT

Key

PF1 PF2

PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF12

TABLE

VALUES

4-3

OF FUNCTION KEYS

Default ESC -A

ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC -K ESC

-

Value

ESC\

B

ESC\

C

ESC

D

ESC

E

ESC

F

ESC

G

ESC

H

ESC\

I

ESC

J

ESC\ ESC\

L

ESC

\ \ \ \ \

\

31

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01876

IKeys Special

to

SET-UP

When

SET-UP mode

change

SET-UP features. Refer

Mode: its function in

LED The

VISUAL

I ndicators: mable, and 6

Table 4-4 lists

LED

ON

LINE

LOCAL

KBD LOCKED

CHAR MODE

is

entered,

SET-UP mode.

400 keyboard

that

have

each

L.E.D. and its meaning:

LED

Meaning

Terminal

is

connected

Terminal

is

has

predetermined meanings.

TABLE

4-4

SUMMARY

When

ON

electrically

to

host

electrically dis-

connected from host

Keyboard

not

Character mode mission

be

is

used

is

character

locked

to

enter data

is

set, trans-

character

some

keys on the main keyboard

to

Table

3-1

for

a summary

seven

L.E.D. indicators,

' Meaning

Terminal

connected Terminal

connected

and

can-

Keyboard

Character mode

by

transmission

are

of

each

one

that

is

When

OFF

is

electrically dis-

to

host

is

electrically

to

host

is

unlocked

is

reset,

is

by block.

used

to

key and

program-

INSERT MODE

PROTECT MODE

L1

Insert Replace mode

Protect mode Area

Attribute

is

set, all

codes

honored Programmable

is

are

set

I nsert

Replace

reset.

Protect mode

Area

Attribute

are

not

honored.

Programmable

mode

is

reset,

codes

is

32

5.1

GENERAL

VISUAL

As

previously noted, the

dard Institute (ANSI) X3.64 standard

TECHNOLOGY

5.

TERMINAL PROGRAMMING

INCORPORATED,

VISUAL

400

540

operates according

for

display terminals. This section details the control

codes, modes, and control sequence functions

MAIN

used

STREET,

to

control the

TEWKSBURY,

to

the American National Stan-

MA

01876

VISUAL

400.

A reference card summarizing all remote commands

and Appendix I also summarizes remote commands.

CONTROL CODES

5.2 This section describes how the

codes

DE

L code (octal 177).

trol

codes

Control Code

NU L (Control

SP

/Control ENQ (Control BEL

(Control

BS

(Control HT (Control LF (Control J)

FF (Control L)

CR

(Control M)

SO

(Control

SI

(Control

DCl

(Control

DC3 (Control

CAN (Control X)

SUB

(Control Z)

ESC

(Control [)

DEL

are

@)

H)

I)

N)

0)

defined

that

E)

G)

Q)

*

S)*

do

as

have

codes

Not

an

VISUAL

from

columns one and

all control codes

effect on the

400 responds

VISUAL

TABLE

have

5-1

CONTROL CODE

Octal

Equivalent

000

005

007 010 011

012

014

Ignored

Initiates

Rings Bell Backspaces Cursor Advances cursor Cursor

the

left

Erases

entire

mode and homes cursor

015 016 017 021 023

Moves cursor

Enable

XON code, signals terminal

XOFF

code, signals terminal

transmission

Used Same

to

as

030 032 033 Initiates control

177

Ignored

is

located near the rear

to

received control

two

of

the ASCII code chart and the

an

effect

of

the

VISUAL

400

are

listed in Table 5-1.

SUMMARY

Action

by

terminal

Answerback Transmission

to

moves down one line,

or

hand margin

page

according

to

first position

G 1 character

set

G0 character set

to

of

(see

Section 5.3.11)

(see

Sectipn 5.3.11)

to

immediately abort

an

ESC

CAN

sequences

by

terminal

of

the manual,

codes.

Control

400. The con-

down one line

setting

or

Erasure

present line

start transmission

stop

sequence

to

*XON/XOFF

be recognized

will

be recognized

if

preceded

by

ESC.

only

if

the Receiver

XON/XOFF

33

SET-UP feature

is

enabled.

XON/XOFF

will

never

5.3

CONTROL

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

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This section describes the control sequences recognized control ANSI

Lead in sequence

as

specified

the

ANSI Sometimes to

as

the

Control

Sequence Introducer.

The specified sequence.

by

sequences described in this section

X3.64

by

Standard.

referred

following

the

ANSI

standard.

ESC

[

Ps/Pn

T

Ps

refers

to

a selective

parameter, a numeric parameter. Some sequences

parameters and some

numeric parameters, the

same

never uses both.

Ps

or

it

assumes a default

examples demonstrate the

X3.64

standard.

control

Pn

value

Spaces

Pn

use

conform

refers

to

selective

sequence

If

the

is

not

value.

use

of

are

used

by

the

to

the basic

F

use

but

specified

all three elements

for

clarity

only

VISUAL

format

of

are

400. Many

as

specified

Termination character sequence specifying the

function

performed. This

character varies

with

each

the

control

not

part

of

by

of

to

be

function.

sequence

the

the the

as

Example 1:

ESC

[

Control Sequence Using Numeric Parameter, Move Cursor up 6 lines

6 A

T

I

Control

Introducer.

Sequence

Example 2: Control Sequence Using Selective Parameter,

ESC

[

-,-

Control Introducer.

sequence

TL..----------------.LTermination

Numeric parameter specifying which way specifying the the cursor number the

of

cursor

positions in this

is

to

move.

5

T

Selective parameter specifying the

attribute.

blink

m

T

Turn

on

case,

Blink

Attribute

Termination specifying the video attribute

function.

character

is

to

move,

up.

character

34

VISUAL

If

mult"iple numeric

be

separated

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with

INCORPORATED,

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in a single control sequence they must

5.3.1

Scroll i

This command lines and (Both numeric parameters are in i.e.,

Once

Right, Left) tion remain unaffected

After line numbers on the example, lute Cursor Positioning command cursor ent on the defined to

the upper left-hand corner

Origin mode affects

ng

of

Region Command

is

applicable in Character mode

the

screen

scrolling region. The

ESC

the second numeric parameter,

decimal notation.) The default values

x=1

and y=24. The

the

scrolling region

can

position the cursor anywhere

the cursor outside

the

screen

if

to

the upper left-hand corner

scrolling region

line numbers

by

the

screen

minimum

is

defined, incremental cursor positioning commands (Up, Down,

of

the scrolling region. The Absolute Cursor Positioning commands

screen

scrolling region. is

dep"endent

are

independent

scrolling region,

of

the scrolling region. Simply stated, the current state

only

the numbering

[ x ; y r

only

and

first

numeric parameter, x,

y,

sets

the

bottom

size

of

the

scrolling region

within

defined, a choice

or

independent

of

the

with

line

and

of

the

screen.

the

aforementioned command would position the cursor

of

lines on the

the scrolling region,

is

defined scrolling region, a received Abso-

column parameters

If

Cursor Positioning and Cursor Vertical Absolute commands.

5.3.2 Cursor Movement Commands

is

used

to

boundary

is

set the

of

two

top

and

sets

the

top

the scrolling region.

are

the entire screen,

lines.

but

cannot posi-

provided, via Origin mode, of

the defined scrolling region.

of

1,

would

line

and

column numbers are depend-

screen

and

thus

only

the Absolute

bottom

boundary

for

having

For

position the

of

The

VISUAL incremental insures

that

400

provides a wide variety

and

absolute positioning and forward and back tabbing. This wide variety

the user

can

position the cursor in the most efficient manner

of

cursor positioning commands including

for

application.

Incremental Cursor Positioning,

The cursor may be moved any number

ESC

[Pn

F

of

increments up, down, right

or

left single control sequence. The numeric parameter specifies in decimal the number ments the cursor direction

The

of

incremental cursor positioning commands

boundries and

is

to

move, and the value

movement per Table 5-2.

will

never

cause

the

screen

of

the termination character, F, specifies the

will

to

always

scroll.

cause

the cursor

his particular

by

using a

of

incre-

to

wrap

screen

35

VISUAL

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INCREMENTAL

CURSOR POSITIONING COMMANDS

Command

Cursor

Up Cursor Down Cursor Right Cursor

Left

Cursor Previous Line, Cursor

These ning number

These cause

commands move the cursor

of

the next

of

commands

the

(Pn

lines

screen

Name

times)

to

the beginning

Pn

lines respectively. The numeric parameter specifies in decimal the

to

move.

will

to

always

scroll.

cause

the cursor

Absolute Cursor Positioning, ESC [ y;x H

Either The above specified bered from 1-24 bered 1-132.) The default value cursor past

of

the above commands may

sequences

by

x. 80th the line

screen

will

position the cursor

and

1-80 respectively. (When using 132 column format, columns

boundaries the cursor

be

and

column parameters

for

x and y

TABLE

"F"

[Pn

or

ESC [ y;x f

used

for

to

is

will

move

5·2

Value

A 8 C D

F,

ESC

[Pn

E (Respectively)

of

to

the previous

wrap

screen

Pn

boundaries

positioning the cursor on the line specified by y,

are

in decimal notation

one. I f

to

an

the

attempt screen

boundary.

is

ESC ESC [ Pn ESC ESC [ Pn

lines,

and

made

Sequence

[Pn

and

will never

an

absolute

the column

and

to

position the

A 8 C D

the begin-

basis.

are

num-

are

num-

Cursor Horizontal Absolute, ESC [

This command moves the cursor right

decimal by the numeric parameter. The default value

in

received

132 when using 132 columns) the cursor

with a Pn

value

too

Pn

G

or

left

within

large (greater than 80 when using 80 columns, and greater than

will

move

Horizontal Position Relative, ESC [ Pn a

This command

decimal by the numeric parameter. The default value

received

with a Pn

Cursor Vertical Absolute, ESC [

This command

in decimal by the numeric parameter. The default value

received

the screen.

When

one screen, the numbering

Section 5.4.18.

with a Pn

this command

moves

value

moves

value

the cursor right

too

large, the cursor

Pn

d

the cursor up

too

large (greater than 24) the cursor

is

used

in Character mode

of

lines on the

within

or

down

a line the number

will

within

with

screen

is

a line

to

the column position specified

for

Pn

is

one.

If

the sequence

to

the rightmost column

of

increments specified in

for

Pn

is

one.

If

this

move

to

the rightmost column

a column

for

to

the line position speCified

Pn

is

one.

If

this sequence

will

move

to

a defined scrolling region

dependent on Origin mode.

is

of

the line.

sequ~nce

of

the line.

is

the last line on

less

than

See

36

VISUAL

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01876

Cursor Vertical Relative,

ESC'

Pn

This command moves the cursor doyvn

by

in decimal received move

to

the numeric parameter. The with a Pn the last I ine on

value

too

the

screen.

large (i.e.,

Index, ESC 0

This sequence

bottom

line the screen defined scrolling region and scrolling the

bottom

causes

of

or

scrolling region

line

the cursor

the screen

to

the

top

or

line.

the

will

Reverse Index, ESC M

This sequence

line

of

the screen scrolling region scrolling region and scrolling

top

line

5.3.3 Tabbing Commands

to

the

causes

or

will

scroll

bottom

the cursor

the

top

line

down

line.

is

never allowed. In this

e

within

would

to

move

bottom

scroll

up

is

never allowed. In

to

move up one line.

of

a defined scrolling region, the contents

one line

a column the number

default

down

line

one line

if

in Character mode. In Block mode, a defined

value

for

Pn

is

one.

move the cursor

one line.

of

a defined scrolling region, the contents

if

in Character mode. In Block mode a

If

case

off

If

the cursor

this

case

the cursor

of

increments specified

If

this sequence

the screen) the cursor

is

positioned on the

the cursor

is

positioned on the

will

of

the screen

wrap

from

the

is

will

of

from

top

or

The

VISUAL tabbing field, i.e.,

Tab stops stops may also Setting columnar tab stops (allowed in Character mode the operator in SET-UP A mode,

It

is

important

and also

of

ning portion

400

supports forward and backward horizontal tabbing. In Character mode,

is

columnar much from

beginning

are

set remotely using the Cursor Tab Control

be

set

to

note

sets

an

Area

an

area.

The new

of

the

display where

as

it

of

field

as

part

of

that

setting tab stops in

Attribute

area

the

is

on a standard

to

beginning

the Define Area Qualification operation,

see

Section 3.2.2.3.

Code

(AAC)

will

have all the

new

AAC

typewriter.

of

field.

or

only)

Block

mode defines the beginning

at the cursor location thus defining the begin-

same

properties

(tab stop)

is

being set.

Tab stops are cleared remotely using the Cursor Tab Control stops may also be cleared Attribute

Code operation,

(allowed in Character mode

mode, Once tab stops

see

Section 3.2.2.3.

have

Tab command and the HT

as

part

of

the Define Area Qualification operation and the clear

see

Section 5.3.17 and 5.3.18. Clearing columnar tab stops

only)

may also

be

accomplished

been defined, forward tabbing

control

code. Backward tabbing

is

initiated

Tab command.

In Block mode, tabbing

is

by

the Set Tab commands. Tab

see

Section 5.3.17.

may also

of

or

Tab Clear commands. Tab

by

the operator in SET-UP A

the

be

accomplished

AAC

controlling

of

a field,

the

using the Cursor Horizontal

is

initiated

by the Cursor Back

by

37

VISUAL

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01876

Cursor

Tab

Control, ESC [

This command

Ps

Value

causes

o (default)

2

4

5

Tab

Clear,

This command clears one

Ps

ESC

Value

[Ps

g

o (default)

2

3

Ps

W

one

or

more tab stops

Set tab at cursor Clear tab at cursor Clear all tabs in current line in Block mode.

Clear all tabs in terminal in Character mode. Clear all tabs in terminal

action in Character mode.

or

more tabs according

Clear tab Clear

Clear all tabs in terminal in Character mode.

Clear all tabs in terminal in Block mode.

No

to

be

set/cleared according

Action

if

in Block mode.

to

the

Ps

value.

Action

at

cursor

all

tabs in current line in Block mode.

action in Character mode.

to

the

Ps

No

value.

Set

Tab, ESC H

This command

current

in the

Cursor Horizontal Tab, ESC

This command moves the cursor forward one value

of

Pn.

In Character mode, this command

and may also

If

Autowrap

will

not

occur.

If

no tab stops exist, the cursor

mode.

In Block mode, this necessary regardless move

to

the home position.

sets

a tab stop at the cursor location in Block mode, and

column in Character mode.

[Pn

I

Default value

cause

the screen

mode

is

command of

is

one.

will

to

scroll

reset, the cursor

will

move

will

cause

the

setting

of

will

Autowrap

cause

or

the cursor

as

necessary

not

move

to

the last column

the cursor

many tab stops

to

wrap

if

Autowrap

off

the current line and thus scrolling

of

to

wrap

from

mode.

If

no

tab stops exist, the cursor

sets

a columnar tab

as

specified by the decimal

from

one line

mode

is

the screen in Character

one line

set.

to

the

as

will

38

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Cursor Back Tab, ESC

This command moves the cursor backward one decimal value

In Character mode, this command If

the command

move

to

the

first

the

first

column

In Block mode, the cursor

exist, the cursor

5.3.4 Erasure Commands Erasure may be accomplished on a character, line, field,

mode. The user may also define whether erasure commands

or

both protected

Section 5.4.5. When in Character mode, erasure may

Erasure mode does None

of

the erasure commands listed in this section alter the location

Erase in Page, ESC [

of

Pn.

is

column

of

will

[Pn

Z

or

many tab stops

Default value

received

the line.

and

not

Ps

that

of

the line.

will

move

to

unprotected data. This choice

affect erasure commands in Character mode.

J

is

one.

will

not

cause

the cursor

would move the cursor

If

no tab stops exist, the cursor

wrap

from

one line

the home position.

be

accomplished on a character, line

to

as

specified

to

move

off

the current line.

off

the current line the cursor

will

also move

the

necessary.

area

or

page

basis

erase

only

is

provided via Erasure mode,

of

If

when in Block

unprotected data

or

the cursor.

by

the

will

to

no tab stops

see

page

basis.

This command

Ps

erases

Value

o (default)

1

2

In Block mode,

portion Any

In Block mode,

tected data

In Character mode, the including

single

of

double size lines completely

size.

Erase in Line, ESC [

This command

Ps

Value

the

page

within

AAC's

erases

with

and tab stops.

some

or

all

of

the

page

according

Erase

from

cursor

Erase

from

start

Erase

entire

Erasure mode set, the

including protected data, Area

erased

Erasure mode reset, the

the

Ps

selected

Erase

K

some

Page

or

portion

commands

Any

all

of

double

the

Erase

will

return

Erase

of

the

page. will

size

current line according

to

the

Action

to

end

of

page

to

page

Page

commands

Attribute

to

single

Page

Commands

erase

the selected

lines completely

Action

Ps

of

page

cursor

Codes

size.

to

value.

will

erase

the selected

(AAC's) and tab stops.

will

erase

only

portion

erased

the

Ps

will

value.

of

the

return

unpro-

page

to

o (default)

1

2

Erase Erase

Erase

from

cursor

from

start

entire line

39

of

to

line

end

of

to

line

cursor

VISUAL

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01876

In Block mode, portion erased

of

the line including protected data, AAC's,

it

will

In Block mode

tected data

In

Character mode, the

within

including AAC's

Erase

in

~rea,

ESC [ Ps

This command

Ps

Value

o (default)

1

2

In Block mode, the current area

type. The

In Character mode,

Erase

area

Line commands.

with

Erasure mode set, the

return

to

with

Erasure mode

single

the selected portion

Erase

and

tab stops.

size.

reset,

Line commands

If

the line

the

of

the line.

is

Erase

Line commands will

and

tab stops.

Erase

Line commands

will

erase

the selected portion

completely

erased

0

erases

some

or

all

of

the current

area

according

Action

Erase

from cursor

Erase

from start

Erase

enti

re

with

Erasure mode reset, the

is

unprotected. With Erasure mdde set, erasure will occur

Erase

Area commands

areas

do

not

will

exist. In this

Erase

not

case

to

end

of

area

Area commands

alter line

sizes

Erase

of

to

cursor

under any circumstances.

Area commands

it

will

to

the

area

erase

If

the line

will

return

Ps

will

the selected

is

completely

erase

only unpro-

of

the line

to

single

value.

be

executed only

regardless

will

default

size.

of

to

if

the

Erase

in

Field,ESC

This command

Ps

Value

[Ps

erases

N

some

o (default)

1

2

In Block current mode

In Character mode, fields do

Erase

This command

Pn

tected

ing the

If

Erasure mode

command

mode,

with

Erasure mode

field. Under no circumstances

reset,

only unprotected

Page

commands.

Character,

is

decimal 255.

area

ESC [ Pn

erases

is

encountered, the data

Pn

If

Erasure mode

total character positions

is

set, protected data

alter AAC's, tab stops,

or

all

of

the current field according

Erase

from cursor

Erase

from start

Erase

entire field

set,

the

will

areas

within

not

exist.

X

In

characters starting

is

reset,

is

uneffected

to

be

erased

will

or

line

to

the

Ps

value.

Action

to

end

of

field

of

field

to

cursor

Erase

Field commands

AAC's

the current field

this

be

or

line

sizes

will

case

Erase

Field commands

at

the cursor location. The maximum value

only

unprotected data

but

each

position

as

specified by

erased.

Under no circumstances

will

erase

be

altered. With Erasure

be

erased.

will

be

erased.

is

counted in determin-

Pn.

sizes.

all data in the

default

to

of

If

a pro-

will

this

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5.3.5 Character Size and Screen Characters may be formed on

single height-single

When using double

i.e.,

40

characters in 132 column number

The used

of

lines per screen

screen

may also

for

screen alignment and focus.

width,

width

maximum

format.

be

When using double height-double

filled

Single Height-Single Width Line,

This command All

lines on the screen

causes

the line marked

default

Single Height-Double Width Line,

This command the line to the

was

the end

character position

causes

the

previously single height-single

of

the

line are lost. The cursor remains under the

is

Alignment

the

screen (on a line by line basis) in three

single height-double

characters

when in

is

12. with

the

maximum

80

column

upper-case E's via a single command. This command

ESC

[0

v

by

to

this

condition

ESC

[ 6 v

line marked

lost, in which

by

case

Double Height-Double Width Line, Top Half,

Commands,

width,

format

or

ESC

[v

the cursor

upon power-up

the cursor

width

all characters

the cursor

ESC

[ 3 v

ESC [ Ps

V

double height-double

number

or

to

of

characters per line

and

66

characters

ESC

be

is

moved

width

characters the

[ 5 v

single height-single

or

reset.

single height-double

from

the middle

same

character position unless

to

the

different

maximum

right

width.

is

maximum

width.

of

margin.

sizes:

halved,

when

is

If

the line

Double Height-Double Width Line,

These

two width form

characters. The

each

the middle

commands are

character.

of

the line

used

same

If

the line

to

the end

Bottom

as

a pair on adjacent lines

character must

was

previously single height-single

of

the I ine are lost. The cursor remains under the character position unless the character position the right margin.

Screen

5.3.6 Program

Alignment

Th

is

command

alignment

of

the

Function

This command

is

to

be

programmed. The legal values

(zero)

will

reset all

value

of

one

will

Display,

causes

display.

is

used

function

program

ESC

[ 8 v

the screen

to

be

Key Command,

to

program a

keys

to

function

key PF1, a value

filled

ESC

function

for

their

Half,

ESC

[4

v

to

form

double height-double

be

sent

to

the

same

is

lost,

in

with

upper-case E's and

[ PK ;

key

D1 ; ...

with

data.

which

D7 P

PK

column

case

defines which

of

width,

all characters

the cursor

is

used

both lines

for

function

PK are zero through twelve. A PK value

default

messages

of

two

as

specified in Table 4-3. A PK

will

program PF2 etc., etc.

to

same

is

moved

focus and

of

0

from

to

key

41

VISUAL

0

through 07 are the decimal values

1

message. by

entering

codes.

128 first

An

th

rough 255. The programmed sequence

character

TECHNOLOGY

Any

ASCII code (decimal 0 through 127) may

it's

decimal equivalent.

ESCape sequence may

ESC,

and

INCORPORATED,

Appendix

be

the

second character the programmed decimal value

decimal. For example a decimal value

(193-128

A

maximum

quences programmed

=

65

= ASCII A in decimal).

of

seven

characters may as

described above

540

MAIN

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the ASCII characters desired in the

TEWKSBURY,

be

"loaded"

V shows the decimal equivalent

loaded

be

into a function

will

of

193

would

programmed

will

count

key

by

be a two

character sequence

represent the ESCape sequence,

into a function

as

a single character.

MA

01876

function

into a function

of

key

all ASCII

loading decimal values

with

the

less

128

ESC

key.

ESCape

se-

A

Once a

ISH I is function

5.3.7 Program LED Command,

function

FT

S in SET-UP Mode). The

depressed.

key

message

Please

note

messages

This command turns value

of

1 turns LED L 1 ON, and a

that

are

"framed"

ON

is

programmed,

message

all

block

as

ESC

[Ps q

or

OFF the programmable LED according

Ps

5.3.8 Save/Restore Cursor Commands, saves

or

This command utes), and character set according tion,

graphic rendition,

restore these previously

restores the current cursor location, graphic rendition (video

to

area

qualification and character set

saved

parameters.

5.3.9 Report Commands and Responses The

following

Please in

note

Section 6.2.

Host Command

list describes host generated commands and possible terminal responses.

that

all terminal responses transmitted

Sequence

it

may be stored via the

will

be

transmitted

transmissions

from

the

each

VISUAL

described in Section 6.2.

value

of

0 (or none) turns LED L 1 OFF.

ESC [ Ps

the

Ps

value. A

s

Ps

value

to

the

host

Terminal Response(s)

SAVE

time

to

of 7 will

be

saved. A Ps

will

be

operation

the

function

400, including

the

Ps

value. A

cause

the cursor loca-

value

"framed"

as

Sequence

described

key

Ps

attrib-

of 8 will

1.

What

are

you?

Is

terminal OK?

2. What

is

3.

Cursor

location?

4.

What

are

terminal

parameters?

ESC

[ 0 c

or

ESC

[ c

ESC

[ 5 n

ESC

[ 6 n

ESC

[ 1 x

or

ESC [ 0x

VISUAL printer

400

option

with

or

Standard

Terminal

Cursor line Both x and

decimal

line number

dent

Terminal

VISUAL is

OK

is

positioned on

y,

and column x.

yare

notation.

is

depen-

on Origin mode.

will

report

terminal parameters

selective param-

per eters in

Table 5-3.

42

in

400

The

ESC

ESC ESC ESC

ESC

[ 2 c

[0 [0 [y;

[s;

c n

xR

p; n;

x;

rx

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TABLE

SELECTIVE PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH

PARAMETERS"

Parameter

s

Possible Parameter Value(s) Meaning

2

3

p (Parity)

1

4 Odd Parity

5

n (No.

of

bits)

1 2

x (transmit

r (receive

speed)

and

0

8 16 24 32

40

48 56

64 72 80

88

96 104 112 120 19,200 baud

5-3

RESPONSE

"REPORT

This

(s

assumes

TERMINAL

message

in response

This

message

{s

assumes

in response No

Parity

Even

Parity

8 bits per character 7 bits per character

50

baud

75 baud

110baud

134.5 baud 150 baud

200 baud 300 baud

600 baud 1200 baud 1800 baud

2000 baud 2400 baud 3600 baud 4800 baud 9600 baud

is

a report.

a value

to

ESC

is

a report.

a value

to

ESC

of

2

[

Ox.

3

[ 1

x.

5.3.10 Test Commands, This command

is

The selective parameter

is

arrived at by taking the weight

of

(Il

causes

a reset.

Power-up check Interface Test EIA

Test

Repeat Tests

*See

Appendix

used

ESC [ Ps to

start one

(Ps)

Test

sum

(Loop

until

IV

for

turn

y

or

more

of

the various self tests on the

indicates which test{s)

of

each

test

and

Weight

Back)

power-off

around

plug.

43

is

VISUAL

to

be

performed. The parameter value

400.

adding them together. A parameter value

1 2 (Turn around 4 (Turn around

plug needed)* plug needed) *

8

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5.3.11 Select Character This command

is

used

Sets

Command,

to

define the G0 and

ESC

provided, the user may define any particular set G 1

set

by

using the appropriate

and G 1

sets

are

defined they may be easily enabled via the

tively. (Resetting the terminal

may

be

saved

in non-volatile memory

UP

mode). The initial state

of

the G0

P0

and

P1

will

enable the G0 set.) Once defined the G0

by

performing the SAVE operation (SHIFT S in SET-

and

PO/Pl Value Character Set

o

or

none U.S.

1 U.K. 2 3 German 4 Swedish/Finnish 5 6 Spanish 7

8

ASCII code charts detailing

Line Drawing character

Sets command defines the G0

configuration. The

Select Keyboard board layout. For example, a G0 character set

to

be French

each

national character set

set

is

illustrated in Table 5-4.

and

G 1 character

layout

user

desiring a French version

and

also define the keyboard

[ P0;

P1

( D

G1

character

as

the

sets.

Of

the nine character

G0

set and any particular

selective parameters respectively. Once

SI

and

SO

control codes

and

G 1 character

sets

is

U.S. and U.K. respectively.

French

Norwegian/Dan

ish

Portuguese

Line Drawing

are

Please

sets

only,

and

SET-UP feature

located in Appendix

note

that

the Select Character

does

not

alter the keyboard

is

used

for

defining the key-

VISUAL

layout

400

to

be French.

III.

may define the

set

the

G1

sets

as

the G0

respec-

sets

The

5.3.12 Editing Commands The

VISUAL

400

provides control

sequences

for

and characters. By using a single control sequence, one

inserted

When inserting or deleting lines, a choice

rent line

see When inserting

the right choice

The user may also rent line, field,

or

deleted.

or

at

and

above the current line. This choice

Section 5.4.6.

or

deleting characters, a choice

of

the current cursor location,

is

provided via Horizontal Editing mode,

limit

the

portion

area,

or

screen. This choice

of

is

or

the

provided

is

at and

see

screen

is

provided via Select Editing

Section 5.5.

Insert Replace mode provides

in

Section 5.4.4.

an

alternate method

44

the flexible insertion and deletion

or

for

is

provided

to

the

left

many lines

affecting lines at provided

for

affecting characters at and

of

the cursor location. This

or

characters may

and

below the cur-

via

Vertical Editing mode

Section 5.4.7.

affected

of

by

editing commands

inserting characters

Extent

and

is

to

mode,

described

of

the

lines

be

to

cur-

see

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01876

ASCII

Code

-

,

a

b

c 143

d

e f 146

g 147

h

i

j

k

1

m

l

TABLE

DRAWING CHARACTER

LINE

Octal

137 Blank 0

140

141

142

144 Return

145

150

151

152

153

Graphic

•

...

· "

...

· " HT

FF

C

R

LF

0

±

NL

V

T

Desc.

Diamond Checker

Board Horiz.

Tab Form Bar at

Feed Carge.

Line

Feed Degree Plus

or Minus

New

Line

Vert. Tab

Lower Right than Corner

.J

Upper

I

Right Corner

5-4

ASCII

Code Octal

I Upper

Left

154

155

156

L_

+

Corner Lower

Left

Corner

Intersect

lines

SET

Graphic

157

-

p

q

r 162

5 163

t

u

v

w 167 T Up

x 170

y

z

{

,

}

~

160

161

164 T

165 166

171

172

173

174

175 £ Sign

176

-

I-

-j

.L

T

t

.:;;:

~

1T

:f:-

.

Desc. Bar at

Scan

Bar at

Scan

Bar at

Scan

Bar at Scan

Scan

Left

T Right T Down

Vert. Bar

Less than

equal

Greater

equal

Pi

Not

equal

to

Pound

Center Dot

1

3

5

7

9

or

.

The

Line Drawing

and

upper-ca'Je

remainder

of

code

the

set

is

a modified U.S.

octal

137

Line Drawing

character

are replaced

set

is

identical

45

by

set

in

which

the

indicated graphic characters.

to

the

U.S.

the

character

lower-case codes

set.

The

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Insert Line(s), ESC

This command mode

is

set, the Insert Line command

rent

line

up

Insert Line command

the to

make room

lost

are

from

When operating in Block mode,

and Protect mode must

[Pn

L

causes

to

make room

for

Pn

lines

to

for

the newly inserted I ines.

will

push the current line and all lines

the newly inserted I ines. I n either

memory.

Select

be

reset

for

When operating in Character mode, the

ESC

[Pn

lines

to

M

Pn

lines

Editing

below

fill

the

to

mode

the

gap

Select Editing

for

Delete Line(s),

This command

mode

is

set, the Delete Line command

current line.

rent line and

will

move

causes

If

Vertical

Pn-1

down/up

When operating in Block mode, and Protect mode must be reset

When operating in Character mode,

be

inserted starting at the cursor line.

will

push the current line and all lines above the cur-

If

Vertical

case,

any Ii

Editing

the Insert Line command

Insert Line command

be

deleted starting at the cursor line.

will

is current created

the

Delete Line command

the

Delete Line command

Extent

mode must

to will

delete the current line and

reset, the Delete Line command

line. In either by

the deletion.

Extent

case

lines above/below the deletion

mode must

to will

If

Editing mode

below

the current line

nes

pushed

be

set

be

executed.

for

always

If

Pn-1

be

set

for

be

executed.

always

Vertical

off

edit

be

executed.

Vertical

Editing

is

reset,

the screen

in display

Editing

lines above the

will

delete the cur-

edit

in display

be

executed.

down

Insert Character(s),

This command

causes zontal Editing mode left

of

the cursor location

zontal

the either

Editing

right

case

mode

of

the cursor location

no cursor movement

ESC [

Pn

space

codes

is

set, the Insert Character command

left

to

is

reset, the I nsert Character command

right

When operating in Block mode, Select

to

the

string one

area

data

of tempt point

and

data

of

and move on

current field, area, line

to

the

an

improper

is made

not

an

improper

to

type

to

shift

continue on

type

its normal

into

data

into a right

to

into

termination

an

its normal

an

shifted character string.

When operating in Character mode, character string

in field

or

Regardless past the

currently

to

the current line

area

it

will

default

of

whether Character

selected

to

edit

termination

to

be inserted starting

make room

to

will

occur. <

or

attempt

area, i.e., alpha data

for

make room

Editing

page.

justify

Extent

The shifted character string may

is

made

area

termination

the newly inserted

for

the newly inserted

mode

to

shift

into

the editing operation

point.

area, the editing operation

or

edit

of

point.

Select

page.

in

page

Block

Protected

Editing

Extent

I f Select Editing and line respectively.

mode

is

currently

point

will

be

at

the

cursor location.

will

push characters

space

will

push characters

will

limit

the shifted character

at

codes.

space

and

If

at

and

codes. In

"snake"

data

into

a numeric

If

an

will

areas

will

mode

Extent

a right

attempt

delete the

not

will

only

will

be

limit mode

justify

area.

area

If

an

end at

is

made

to

improper

affected

by

the shifted

is

set

for

enabled, any characters shifted

lost

from

memory.

If

Hori-

to

Hori-

or

at-

that

shift data

the

edit

the

to

from

46

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Delete Ch"aracter(s), ESC

This

command

following characters

Editing mode right

of

the

created by When operating

string

to

the

one

area

to

data

of

an improper

tempt

point shift data

is

made

and will

data

and move on

When operating ter

string

or area

5.3.13 This

it

Set

Communication Control Codes

command munication the

keyboard cation SAVE

Each

control operation

time seven codes, Please

unless

note

set

causes

sh

is

reset,

cursor location with

the

deletion.

in

Block mode, Select Editing

current

the

field, area, line

type

to

shift data into a right justify area

not

continue

of

an improper

to

in

Character mode, Select Editing

to

the

current

will

default

allows

control codes.

in

SET-UP C mode, see Section

codes are defined

(SHIFT-S

the

Set

Communication

thus

the

that

each

to

null.

Each selective parameter

the

desired ASCII code.

The

designations

for

[Pn

P

Pn

characters

ifting right

the

Delete Character

to

close

Pn-1

In

either

case no

or

attempt

into an area, i.e., alpha

on

to

its normal

type

into an area,

its normal

line

to

edit

the

termination

or

page.

in

user

to

The

in

SET-UP mode).

If

page and line respectively.

remotely

user may also select each

they

may

Control Code

command

must

specify each

Communication

in

the

command

P1

through

P7

are as follows:

be deleted starting

the

gap created by

command

at

the

cursor location with

the

deletion.

will delete characters

following characters shifting left

cursor

page.

is

movement will occur.

Extent

The

made

termination

the

editing

mode

will limit shifted character string may to

shift

data

into

data

into a numeric only area.

the

editing operation will end

point.

operation

a right justify area

If

an

will delete

point.

Extent

Select Editing

Command,

select

any

mode

will limit

Extent

mode

is

ESC [ P1; P2; P3; P4; P5; P6; P7 t

ASCII

code

for each

communication

be

Control

(P1

3.2.2.41. saved

command

Code

- P7)

In

either

on

a non-volatile basis

code

even if it

(excluding

is

defined using decimal

is

case,

used

is

the

it

will change all

not

TACC)

If

at

to

close

the

shifted

attempt

the

set

for

of

control

once

the

by

to

be

must

Pn-1 Horizontal end

to

the

gap

character

"snake"

from

or

If

an at-

at

that

is

made

to

the

improper

shifted charac-

edit

in

field

the

seven com-

code

from

communi-

performing a

of

the

changed.

be

different

notation

for

P1 = Start

=

P2

=

P3

=

P4

=

P5

=

P6

=

P7

P1

Codes can when complete

- P6 are used

also

affect

the

terminal

description

of

Area

Separator

First End

Second End

First End Second End Turnaround

received

Message

of

Code

Line Code

of

Line Code

Message

of

Code

Message

(AS)

Control Code (TACC)

for

"framing"

data,

see Sections 3.2.2.41

is

transmitting

of

each

character

communication

(SOM)

(FEOl)

(SEOl)

(FEOM)

Code

(SEOM)

buffering transmission from

through

by

character

control

code

47

the

3.2.2.44.

VISUAL

P7 applies primarily

400

and

in a half-duplex environment. A

is

located

in

Section

3.2.2.41.

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5.3.14 Video on

Data Bold,

The attributes

eters

specifying which attributes

Attribute

Command, (Select Gr,aphic Rendition)

the screen may be displayed

Underline,

Blink

and

Reverse

ar~enabled

by

using the Video

their associated selective parameters.

will be displayed according

to

SUMMARY OF VJOEO ATTRIBUTES

Attribute

Attributes

OFF High Intensity 1 Underline Blink Reverse

Video

Example:

Display on the

the

name"

JON

screen

ES"

the Blinking, Underlined word

with

no video attributes.

in

any combination

ESC [ Ps;

of

the following video attributes:

...

Video.

Attribute

to

enable. Table 5-5 summarizes all video attributes

The

video attributes

command

are

with

the

cumulative, Le., received data

all attributes then enabled.

TABLE 5-5

AND

SELECTIVE PARAMETERS

Selective Parameter

o (default)

4

5

7

"NAME",

Control Sequence

ESC

[m

ESC

[ 1 m

ESC

14m

ESC

[ 5 m

ESC

[7

then display on the

Ps

m

se.lective

m

param-

and

,

screen

1.

Turn on the Blink or

2.

3.

4.

control Send Turn Send

sequences the word off

all attributes

the name

5.3.15 Remote Transmit Command, This command remotely initiates a block transmission. The portion

and

Underline attributes

ESC [ 4m

"NAME"

with

"JONES"

and

ESC

[ 5m.

to

the screen.

the control sequence

to

the screen.

ESC

SEaM

with

control sequence,

ESC

[ m (default value

of

the

ESC

screen

mitted depends on the various transmission modes then enabled. The EOM is'the First

or

Second End

5.3.16

Reset

This command

of

Message

Command

resets

code then defined.

ESC

c

the terminal, and

has

the

same

effect

as

powering-down then power-

ing-up the terminal.

5.3.17 Define Area Qualificiation Commands This command

fined

as

numeric only, alpha only, alphanumeric, protected

guarded, right

is

used

justify,

to

define qualified

must

fill

and total

tions. The Define Area Qualification command may

ESC [ Ps;

areas

on the screen. Qualified

fill

or

any logical combination

...

also

Ps

set

0

areas

may

and

guarded, protected and un-

of

these

qualifica-

a tab stop at the cursor location.

[ 4 ;5m

is

0).

trans-

be

de-

48

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The Define Area Qualification command

and

the cursor location in Character typically been

defined,

or

Block mode,

reset when qualified

see

a qualified

but

areas

Section 5.4.12.

are

causes

area

to

begin at the AAC. Qualified

recognized

are

being defined and

an

Area

only

in Block mode. Protect mode

The selective parameter(s) in the command defines the type The qualified area)

or

the

area

end

of

will

the

end

at the beginning

screen

if

no more AAC's exist. A maximum

of

the next

per line.

Area

Qualification Accept

All

Input

Protect and

SELECTIVE

AREA

Selective Code

Parameter

o (default)

1

TABLE

PARAMETERS

QUALIFICATION

5-6

ASSOCIATED WITH

COMMAND

Sequence ESC [ 00

or

ESC

[0

ESC

[ 1 0 Area

Guard

Attribute

Code (AAC)

areas

set

once all qualified

of

qualified

AAC

(defining the next qualified

area

of

32 AAC's may

DEFINE

Comments

Area

will

accept all

This

is

the power-up state

for

the

VISUAL

is

protected against alteration and transmitted unless Guarded

Area Transfer mode

to

be

set

may

be

defined

is

areas

have

per Table 5-6.

be

set

input.

400.

will

not

be

is

set.

at

Numeric

Alpha

only

3

4

ESC [ 30

ESC

[40

Area

will

accept numeric

input

only. Numeric

defined

as

zero through 9, plus (+), comma (,) minus characters. made the bell character

Area only. Alpha as

(-),

and period (.)

If

an

attempt

to

enter alpha data,

will

sound and

will

be

entered.

will

accept alpha

input

all ASC II codes except zero through nine. attempt number the bell

is

made

to

will and no character wi entered.

input

no

input

is

defined

If

an

enter a

sound

II

be

is

49

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SELECTIVE

Area

Qualification

Right

PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH DEFINE

AREA

QUALIFICATION COMMAND (Cont.)

Selective

Parameter

5

Code

Sequence Comments

ESC

[50

Data

entered

justify justify area

justified; i.e., entered into

the

rightmost posi-

of

tion

the

pushing existing data

the

area left one position

for

each

character

entered.

Set

Tab

7

ESC [ 70

Sets

tab

stop

location.

Protect Unguard

and

Area

is

8

ESC [ 80

protected

alteration

transmitted.

Must Fill

10

ESC [ 100

At

least one character

must

be entered into this

area before a

mission containing this

area can be

a block transmission

If containing this area attempted

in

exist will cursor the

must notes 1

the

ring twice and the

will be moved

beginning

fill area. See

and

into

a right

will be right

area

after

in

at

cursor

against

and

may be

block trans-

accomplished.

is

and

no codes

area

the

bell

to

of

the

2.

When defining an being defined must be included command

clears any AAC previously defined

location.

AAC,

all

NOTE

the

desired characteristics

in

a single

command

50

at

the

cursor

of

the

area

since each

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SELECTIVE PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH DEFINE

AREA

Area

QUALIFICATION

Selective

Qualification Parameter

Total Fill

S~lect

for

Transmission

20

30

TABLE

Code

Sequence ESC [ 200

ESC

5-6

COMMAND (Cont.)

This filled before a block transmission containing this plished. mission containing this area the filled the bell twice will beginning fill and

[300

Used with Transfer mode parameter allows the

host with that the operator modifies data in

Comments

area

must

be

totally

area

can

be

accom-

If

a block trans-

is

attempted and

area

is

not

totally

will

ring

and

the cursor

be

moved

area.

of

the total

See

to

the

Notes 1

2.

when operating

Modified Data Area

set.

to

set

up

an

AAC

the

same

flag

set

will

be

set

when

an

area.

This

Notes

1.

Space

codes

are

valid characters

2.

If

Transfer Termination mode

first character in a must

3.

If

Transfer Termination mode

fill

area

that

is

totally

even

though the entire

5.3.18 Clear

This command

all unguarded

Attribute

ESC [ Ps

u

clears one

area

"flags."

The selective parameter in the command specifies the AAC's and/or cleared per Table

5-7.

for

is

set and the cursor

fill

area, transmission will

is

set and the cursor

filled up

area

to

cursor location, transmission may occur

is

not

totally

Code Command

or

many Area

must

fill

filled.

Attribute

51

and total

is

positioned before the

not

is

positioned in a total

codes (AAC's)

fill

areas.

be

allowed.

or

all modified and/or

flags

to

be

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AAC/Flags

Cleared

Clear

AAC at cursor location

Clear

All AAC's in Current

Line

Clear

All AAC's in Display

Clear

All Unguarded

Flags

Area

TABLE

SUMMARY

OF SELECTIVE PARAMETERS

ASSOCIATED WITH CLEAR

Selective

Parameter

o (default)

1

2

4

5-7

ATTRIBUTE

CODE COMMAND

Code

Sequence Comments ESC

[ 0 u This command clears the

AAC

at

the cursor loca-

will result in

qualified

area

ESC

or

[ u

tion. This the

viously defined by the

AAC

to

cleared part

of

and take

qualifications

become

of immediately preceding area.

ESC

[ 1 u This command clears all

AAC's line. This the

in the current

will

qualified

areas

result in

viously defined by the cleared

part and take qualifications

AAC's

to

on

of immediately preceding area.

ESC

[ 2 u

This command clears AAC's This screen area,

in the display.

will result in the

being a default

i.e.,

will

accept all

input.

ESC

[4

u

This command areas

defined

and

unguarded redefined and

guarded.

causes

as

to

as

protected

pre-

on

the

pre-

become

the

all

protected

be

52

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SUMMARY OF SELECTIVE PARAMETERS

ASSOCIATED WITH CLEAR

AAC/Flags

Selective

Cleared Parameter

Clear All

3

Modified

Flags

Area

Clear

All

5 Modified Area and Unguarded Area

Flags

TABLE

5-7

ATTRIBUTE

Code

Sequence ESC

[3

ESC

[ 5 u

CODE COMMAND (Cont.)

Comments

u

This command

areas

defined

to

be

redefined unmodified by resetting the modified ciated

with

each This command used

when Modified Data Area Transfer mode is

set,

so

that only fields

modified

since transmission transmitted.

This command same

effect

as

the

CIt~~ar

All

Flags

Area

and

Modified Area

causes

as

modified

as

flag

asso-

area.

is

usually

the last

will

be

has

the

using

both

Unguarded

Clear

All

Flags.

all

5.4 MODES (SET/RESET) This section describes the modes

of

the

nature

VISUAL

or remote selection

response

in flexibility

Each sequence Many

to

control

to

editing functions,

mode described in this section

may set one or a maximum

of

the modes

selectable in SET-UP mode may

ability

to

determine their power-up states.

used

to

control the

400

is

accomplished through the

of

terminal parameters and condition

sequences.

are

also

For example, modes exist that condition and provide

erase

functions and transmission.

has

two

possible states; set

of

16

modes,·or reset one

selectable and changeable in SET-UP mode. Modes

also

be

stored in non-volatile memory giving the

VISUAL

use

of

how

400. The highly flexible modes

the terminal

or or

that

allow

will

reset.

A single control

a maximum

for

local

function

of

16

modes.

that

are

user

the

53

VISUAL

The

control sequence format

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

for

the

Set

ESC

[

Ps;

540

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STREET,

Mode function is:

Ps ; ...

Ps

h

TEWKSBURY,

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CONTROL

SEQUENCE

INTRODUCER

The

control

CONTROL SEQUENCE

INTRODUCER

sequence

format

ESC

PARAMETER

STRING WITH

SElECTIVE PARAMETERS SPECIFYING WHICH MODES TO

BE

SET

for Reset Mode is:

[ Ps;

Ps ; ...

PARAMETER

STRING

SELECTIVE PARAMETERS SPECIFYING WHICH MODES RESET

WITH

ARE

Ps

TO

BE

ARE

Q

~---

TERMINATION CHARACTERS SPECIFYING "PHE

SET MODE FUNCTION

TERMINATION

CHARACTER SPECIFYING

THE RESET MODE FUNCTION

Table 5-8 lists

all

modes applicable

selective parameters. The modes selective capabilities

parameter

of

the

are private modes

terminal and are

to

set/reset mode control sequences with

that

include

that

not

actually specified

the

question mark character (?) as

have been added

in

to

enhance

the

ANSI

54

the

X3.64

their

associated

part

operational

standard.

of

the

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TABLE

5-8

SELECTIVE PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED

WITH SET/RESET MODE CONTROL SEQUENCES

Selective Changeable

Mode Name

Parameters

Guarded Area Transfer 1 Keyboard

Action

Control Representation

(Ps)

in SET

2 No 3

and Savable

-UP

Yes

Yes Insert Replace 4 No Erasure

6

Vertical Editing 7

Horizontal Editing

10 Character 12 Multiple Transfer Termination

Linefeed New Line

Protect

Area Transfer 15

16

20

?0

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Auto-Tab ? 1 Yes Modified Data Area

?2

Yes Transfer

Column Scrolling Screen Origin Autowrap Autorepeat Transmit Request Line Transmit

?3 ?4 ? 5 ?6

? 7

?8 ?9

160

Yes

Mode

5.4.1 Guarded Area Transfer Mode,

This mode and guarded may

When

applies

be

set, protected guarded

When reset, protected guarded

It

is

important

condition

between

to

note

Block mode transmissions.

all five modes.

to

Block Mode

transmitted.

that

Ps=

1

only

and determines whether

areas

may

be

transmitted.

areas

will

never

be

transmitted.

Guarded Area Transfer mode

See

Section 6.1

for

55

areas

defined

is

only

one

of

a description

as

protected

six modes

of

the interaction

that

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5.4.2 Keyboard Action Mode, Ps=2

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When set, this The

KBD

SET-UP key will clear

mode

LOCKED

causes the keyboard

LED

will come on

the

locked condition.

to

5.4.3 Control Representation Mode, Ps=3 When set, this mode causes control codes

is

and

primarily used synchronization codes will feature

Appendix

is

disabled.

II

details

as

an

aid

in

program debugging. The XOFF(DC3) and XON(DC1)

not

be displayed unless

the

graphic rendition assumed by each control code when received

with Control Representation mode set.

When reset, control codes

will be acted

upon

5.4.4 I nsert Replace Mode, Ps=4 When set, this

location acters.

after

The

INSERT

causes

shifting existing data right

MODE

the

LED

entry

will be on

of

displayable characters

mode

mode. Whether existing data shifts right Editing mode.

If

Horizontal Editing mode

position

data will

for

each displayable character entered.

shift

left

one position for each character entered. The acter string will be determined Character mode,

If

page.

page current the improper to

Select Editing

and

line respectively.

field, area, line

type

shift

data

continue on

improper to

its normal termination point. Protected areas will

type

the

shifted character string may be limited

into

an area, i.e., alpha data into a numeric only area.

into

a right justify area,

to

its normal termination point. If an

into

an area,

is

reset

the

cursor location

by

the

current

Extent

or

attempt

mode

is

set

In

Block mode,

page. The shifted character string may

is

made

to

the

editing operation will delete

acter string. When

Insert-Replace mode

is

reset, normal data

will be shifted.

to

be locked

indicate

to

be displayed as opposed

as

usual.

or

left

to

indrcate

or

left depends on

state

for edit

the

shifted character string may be limited

thus

disallowing local data entry.

the

locked condition. Depressing the

to

being acted upon

the

Receiver XON/XOFF SET-UP

to

be inserted

make room for

the

and

existing data will shift right one

If

Horizontal Editing mode

of

Select Editing

in

area

or

the set state the

current

extent

to

the

current

field

it

newly inserted char-

of

Insert-Replace state

of

Extent

will default

"snake"

shift data into a right justify area

If

an

editing function will end

attempt

not

be affected

entry

will occur, i.e., no character strings

at

that

is

made

to

shift data

the

improper data and move on

by

at

the

cursor

of

Horizontal

is

set, existing

the

shifted char-

mode.

line

or

the

to

edit in

from one area

or

data

of

attempt

point

the

shifted char-

and

of

is

an

In

entire

to

an

made

not

the

to

5.4.5 Erasure Mode, Ps=6 mode

is

This

protected

applicable

and

unprotected

When set, Erasure

tected).

All

tab

stops

erased will return

to

mode

and

to

single size.

conditions erase commands

When reset, erase commands size lines will

not

be altered.

Block mode only and determines whether erase commands erase

data

or

only

unprotected

data.

to

erase all data (protected and unpro-

AAC's may also be erased. Any double size lines completely

will

erase

only

unprotected data.

Tab

stops, AAC's and double

56

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5.4.6 Verticle Editing Mode, This mode affects the Insert and

commands affect When

set, the Insert/Delete Line commands affect the current line and all lines above the

current When

5.4.7

line.

reset, the current line and all lines

Horizontal Editing Mode,

This mode affects

lines above

only

Insert-Replace mode

data

at

and

to

the

left

When

set, the Insert/Delete Character operations affect data at

Ps=7

Delet~

or

below the current line.

Line commands only and determines whether these

below

the current line

are

affected.

Ps=10

the Insert and Delete Character commands and the operation

and

determines whether these insert/delete character operations affect

of

the cursor location,

or

at

and

to

the right

of

the cursor location.

and

to

the

left

of

location.

When

reset,

the I nsert/Delete Character operations affect data

cursor

location.

5.4.8 Character Mode,

Ps=12

at

and

to

the right

This mode determines whether the terminal operates in a character transmission mode block transmission mode.

When

set, the terminal

as

entered on the keyboard. The CHAR MODE LED

is

in Character mode and transmission will be character by character

will

be

on

to

indicate the

Character mode.

When

When screen

reset, the terminal

depresses

the

XMIT Data entered on the keyboard mitted

with

each

keystroke.

operating in Block mode a choice

when transmission

by

Multiple Area Transfer mode, Transfer Termination mode, Guarded Area Transfer mode,

Line Transmit mode, and Modified Data Area Transfer mode.

key

is

in Block mode and transmission

or

transmission

will

is

initiated. The transmitted portion

is

initiated by the Remote Transmit command.

be

stored in terminal memory only and

is

provided

for

will

not

occur

until

will

not

transmitting all or any part

of

the

Each

screen

of

is

determined

these modes

scribed later in this section and also in Section 6.0.

of

the

the cursor

of

the

or

a

set

state

of

the operator

be

trans-

of

the

is

de-

5.4.9 Multiple Area Transfer Mode, This mode applies

transmitted when transmission When When

It

is

dition

set, many reset,

important

Block mode transmissions.

areas

only the

to

all five modes.

Ps=15

to

Block mode only and determines whether

is

initiated.

may

be

transmitted.

area

note

containing the cursor may

that

Multiple Area Transfer mode

See

Section 6

be

for

a description

57

one

transmitted.

is

only

one

of

or many

of

areas

six modes

will

that

be

con-

the interaction between

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5.4.10 Transfer Termination Mode, This mode applies

multiple

areas

will

to

Block mode

occur

from

the entire area/page regardless When

set, area/page transmission

When

reset, the entire area/page

It

is

important

to

note

that

Ps=16

only the beginning of

cursor location.

will

Transfer Termination mode

condition Block mode transmissions.

5.4.11 Linefeed New Line Mode, Ps=20 When

set, this mode received LF received LF

5.4.12

Protect Mode, Ps=?0

This mode applies (AAC's)

When

are

set, all AAC's

the set state

When

reset, the data protection defined

stops defined

causes causes

recognized.

of

causes

the RETURN key

a new line function. When reset, the RETURN key generates

only

line feed.

to

Block mode

will

be

recognized. The PROTECT MODE LED

only

Protect mode.

as

part

of

an

AAC

will

and determines whether transmission

of

the area/page up

occur up

be

transmitted regardless

to

and including the cursor location.

is

See

Section 6.

to

generate the

and determines whether

only

to

the cursor location

of

cursor location.

one

of

six modes

CR

and

LF

or

not

Area

will

by

AAC's

be

recognized.

will

not

be

recognized, however, tab

of

single/

that

codes, and a

CR

Attribute

be

on

to

indicate

or

and a

Codes

This mode areas

5.4.13 This mode applies

response When set, attempted data

cursor When

cursor position

is

have

been

Autotab

to

attempted data

to

be

typically

defined.

Mode,

moved

reset while

Ps=?1

to

Block mode

to

the

reset, attempted data

to

remain unchanged.

areas

only

and determines the action taken

entry

into

a protected area.

entry

into

a protected

entry

into

a protected

5.4.14 Modified Data Area Transfer Mode, This mode applies

modified and unguarded

to

Block mode

areas

only,

within

a defined

on the

screen

area

are being defined, and set once all

will

cause

will

Ps=?2

and when set allows

portion

of

the bell

cause

the bell

for

transmission

the display.

by

the terminal in

to

ring and the

to

ring and the

of

only

58

VISUAL

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Modified areas are defined as:

1. Any area

which

data

in

transmission.

in

2. Any area transmission.

3.

Any area which has

which erasure from

*

Unguarded areas are defined as unguard flag

tive parameter, see Section

protected

is

set via

the

Define Area Qualification

5.3.17.

area when a block transmission occurs.

540

MAIN

has been altered from

the

keyboard has occurred since

the

modified flag

any

protected

By setting

area

the

STREET,

the

set

by

the

in

which

command

unguard flag

TEWKSBURY,

keyboard since

MA

01876

the

last

host, see Section 5.3.18.

the

unguard flag

with

the

host may include

is

set.

appropriate

The

selec-

any

When Modified Data Area Transfer mode

Cursor

Position ing

Report

detail ing

is

set, each

the

screen coordinates

transmitted

of

each transmitted area. (See

area will be preceded by a

Section 5.3.9 for Cursor Positioning Report format.) Area separators are never used when

Modified Data Area Transfer

When Modified Data Area Transfer guarded unless specifically defined as unguarded. Each is

unguarded

Attribute

Code Modified Data Areas. This Code

command

area flags

It

is

important

that

condition

action between

5.4.15

Column Mode, Ps=?3

When set, this terminal will use

and/or

to

note

Block

all

five modes.

mode

80

column

mode

is

set.

NOTE

mode

it

will maintain its' unguarded

command

resets

the

is

accomplished via

status

is

set,

all

status

of

all unguarded areas or

the

with a selective parameter defining

modified flags be reset, see Section 5.3.18.

that

Modified Data Area Transfer mode

mode

transmissions. See Section 6

conditions

the

terminal for

132

for

column

display.

areas will be

time

an area

until

the

Clear

Attribute

that

all

unguarded

is

only

one

of

a description

of

display. When reset,

six modes

the

inter-

the

5.4.16

5.4.17

Scrolling Mode, Ps=?4

When set, this When reset,

mode

the

Screen Mode, Ps=?5

When set, this

mode

terminal

background.

the

When reset,

screen will form characters by

conditions

is

conditioned

causes

the

terminal for

screen

smooth

for

jump

scroll as defined

to

form characters

white

59

scroll as defined

in

Section

by

black

dots

on a black background.

in

Section 3.2.2.5.

3.2.2.5.

on a

white

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5.4.18 Origin Mode, This mode applies

Ps=?6

only

to

Character mode and determines whether or

not

line numbers

dependent on the selected scrolling region. When

set, this mode

the screen. Column 1, line 1 When

'reset, fine numbers will

line 1

will

be

the upper left-hand corner

5.4.19 Autowrap Mode, When

set, this mode

the next line upon entering characters beyond the last position When

reset,

the cursor

overlay the

last character

5.4.20 Autorepeat Mode, When

set, this mode

When

reset, no keys

5.4.21 Transmit Request Mode, This mode applies

request

is buffer

When

for

transmission

ESC_Z ESC\. Typically the host will then set the desired transmission modes, allocate

space

and initiate transmission via the Remote Transmit, command.

reset,

the

causes

line numbers

Ps=?7

will

cause

will

not

on

Ps=?8

causes

will

to

XMIT

certain keys

be

Block mode only.

as

opposed

Key will initiate a block transmission in accordance

to

be

dependent on the selected scrolling region

will

be

the upper left-hand corner

be

independent

the cursor

of

the selected scrolling region. Column

of

the screen.

to

automatically

wrap around automatically.

the line.

to

be

autorepeating per Section 3.2.2.6.

autorepeating.

Ps=?9

When

set,

this mode

to

initiating a block transmission. The request format

of

the scrolling region.

advance

Any

to

the first position

of

the present line.

characters entered will

causes

the XM

IT

with

Key

then enabled.

the

1,

to

send

modes

are

of

a

5.4.22 Line Transmit Mode, Ps =

Line Transmission mode applies 400

for

transmitting modes interact line. For example, only

data on the line up

with

if

Line Transmission mode may board in SET-UP mode.

5.5 SELECTED

EDITING

This mode selects the extent commands

When

or

display according

and

terminal operation with Insert-Replace mode

in Block mode,

Table 5-9 summarizes the selective parameters associated with Select Editing Extent mode.

160

to

Block Mode only,

only

the line containing the cursor.

Line Transmission mode

Transfer Termination mode

to

the cursor location

be

set

or

reset remotely via control

EXTENT MODE

of

these

editing functions may

to

the value

ESC [ Ps

the display

of

the selective parameter in the control

to

60

and

when set, conditions the

All

of

the other transmission

to

determine the transmitted portion

is

set

and

a line transmission

will

be

transmitted.

sequence

Q

be

affected by the Insert/Delete Character

is

or

from the key-

set.

be

limited

to

the current field, line,

sequence.

VISUAL

of

the

initiated,

area

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Selective

Parameter

o (default)

1

2

3

When

in Character mode fields and

to

edit in display

(Ps)

TABLE

5-9

SELECTIVE PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED

WITH SELECTED EDITING

EXTENT MODE

Meaning

Edit in Display

Edit in Line Edit in Field Edit in Area

areas

do

not

exist. In this

and

edit in

area

will

default

to

edit in line.

Control

ESC

Sequence

[0

Q

or

ESC

[Q

ESC

[ 1 Q

ESC

[ 2 Q

ESC

[3

Q

case

edit in field will default

61

The

VISUAL

primarily

with

6.1 MODES

When the display binations the screen.

The five modes Transfer Termination mode, Guarded Area Transfer mode, Modified mode, Line Transmit mode, and Transmit Request mode. in

Section 5.4.

Table tions this mode does XMIT data.

VISUAL

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6.

DATA TRANSMISSION

400 supports both character

MAIN

STREET,

by

character and block transmission. This section deals

block transmissions.

operating in Block mode, six transmission modes

to

be

transmitted when transmission

of

these modes the user may condition transmission

that

condition Block mode transmissions

6-1

illustrates the

of

the transmission modes. Table

not

key

causes

a data transmission or transmission

portion

condition

of

the

screen

6-1

transmittable

is

initiated. By using various set/reset com-

transmitted

does

not

screen

TEWKSBURY,

are

used

are

Multiple Area Transfer mode,

Each

for

MA

01876

to

condition the portion

to

include all

Datal

of

these modes

or

any part

Area Transfer

is

explained

of

the various set/reset combina-

include Transmit Request mode since

portion,

of

a request

but

determines whether the

for

permission

to

transmit

of

Table

6-1

mitting

only

shown in Table

current line ..

In

all

cases,

of

each

transmitted line.

6.2

MESSAGE FRAMING

When

the

"framed"

-

Start

- Area Separator Code (AS) an

- First stream

- First and Second End characters in the transmitted

- Turn Around Control Code operation and in Character mode.

message

The

ofthe

one

Mode

as

described in Sections 3.2.2.41 - 3.2.2.45

described in Section 5.3.13.

also

omits Line Transmit mode since this mode conditions the

the line containing the cursor.

6-1

are

valid

with

Line Transmit mode

the

VISUAL

400

will

automatically delete insignificant

400 transmits a block

All

other combinations

set,

but

of

data, the transmitted data stream

per the following:

of

area

and

Message

is

encountered

Second End

to

signify the

Code (SOM)

is

of

Line

end

of

Message

precedes

all data characters in the transmitted

included in the data stream

Codes

(FEOl

and

SEOl)

data on a line

Codes

(FEOM and SEOM) terminates all data

message

(T

ACC)

is

used

only

in half-duplex Character mode

to

terminate Answerback, Function Key, andlStatus transmissions

framing codes

128 ASCII codes including

are

user programmable and

NULL.

each

The codes may

or

may

be

may

defined remotely

VISUAL

of

transmissions modes

transmission

space

is

limited

codes at the

will

each

time

the

end

are

included in the data

be

defined

be

defined in SET-UP C

to

be

as

for

trans-

to

end

be

message

of

any

the

TABLE

6-1

COMBINATIONS OF TRANSMISSION MODES

R=RESET S=SET

TRANSMITTED PORTION OF SCREEN

MODE /

MULTIPLE

AREA

TRANSFER

S,

R,

S, S,

S,

L

TRANSFER

TERMINATION

R,

S,

R,

S,

R,

/

GUARDED

AREA

TRANSFER

R,

S,

R,

S,

/

MODIFIED

DATA

AREA

R,

TRANSFER

S,

R,

S,

ONLY

AREA

v'

V

v'

CONTAINING

CURSOR

MANY

AREAS

v'

V

TO CURSOR

v'

LOCATION ENTIRE AREA/PAGE

REGARDLESS OF

v'

CURSOR LOCATION

v'

V

vi

ONLY

MODIFIED

V

AND

UNGUARDED

V

AREA(S) INCLUDING

GUARDED

V

v'

V

AREAS

R,

R, R,

S,

R,

S,

S, S,

S,

R,

S,

R,

S,

R,

v'

V

S,

R,

S,

R,

S,

R,

v'

V

V V

V

S

v' v'

V V

<

en

C

»

r

--I

m

()

J:

Z

o

r

o

Gl

-<

z

8

JJ

C3

JJ

»

--I

m

.0

~

o

s:

»

z

en

--I

JJ

m

.--1

--I

m

::E

A

en

I:D

C

JJ

.-<

s:

»

~

00

-..J

Cl

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

6.2.1 Block Mode Transmission Framing The

following example illustrates

the

use

of

all

six message framing codes

as

they

relate

to

a

block data transmission.

NAME:

Protected and Unguarded Area

JONES

Unprotected Area

AGE:

Protected

and Unguarded

Area

28

Right Justify

Area

If

the

above data appeared

on

the

23rd line

of

the

screen and transmission was initiated,

the

data stream

to

the

host would be:

STX

DEFAULT T

STARTOF

~

MESSAGE

CODE

PROTECTED

NAME:

--

UNGUARDED

-----'

DATA

DEFAULT AREA SEPARATOR CODE

US

JONES

-;-

-,--,

US

--

AGE:

PROTECTED UNGUARDED DATA

US

28

CR

LF

ETX

EOT

L

~""U

2ND END

OP

MESSAGE

CODE

DEFAULT

1ST

'-----

ENDOF MESSAGE

CODE

DEFAULT

'-------

2ND END OF

LINE

CODE

~:~:OTECTED

_________

....l

DEFAULT

'---------

1ST

ENDOF

LINE

CODE

DEFAULT

AREA SEPARATOR CODE

NOTE:

'--

_________

~:~:OTECTED

DEFAULT

AREA

'--------------

SEPARATOR CODE

THE ABOVE

ASSUMES

THAT

A COMBINATION

QF

TRANSMISSION MODES

IS

ENABLED

THAT

ALLOWS THE

DATA

TO

BE

TRANSMITTED.

If

the

above

data

is

transmitted and Line Transmit

mode

is

set,

the

data stream

to

the

host

is

as

shown except

the

First

and

Second End

of

Line codes are

not

included. These codes are never

included

in

the

data

stream when Line Transmit

mode

is

set.

65

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

6.2.2 All

Function

whether

In

Block Mode

In

Character

6.2.3

Line Drawing

The

Standard

character

mitted,

each screen

mitted.

different There

Character

SaM

set. When a

the

By

character

are

two

Case 1.

Key Answerback and

Key, Answerback and

mode

or

Block

these

transmissions will be framed as follows:

DATA FEOM

mode

these

transmissions will be framed as follows:

DATA TACC

and

Foreign Character Sets

VISUAL 400 provides

portion

code

sequences

portion

containing

"framing"

sets

cases

to

The

transmitted

defined G0

for

character

in a transmitted

consider

and

Status

mode

of

the enabling the

character

sets

Transmissions

transmissions will be framed regardless

is

selected.

for

eight foreign

screen displaying

the

character

set

in

this

manner

data

stream.

concerning framing

data

G 1

character

stream

contains

sets.

to

character

more

sets are

signify

the

of

only

the

host

character

characters from

of

SEaM

sets and also a line drawing

than

one

appended

character

may

distinguish

character

to set

set

the

beginning

being trans-

between

sets.

the

presently

is

trans-

of

In

this case, these are example The

example

If

the

above

START

0'

MESSAGE

CODe

UNPROTECTED

DATA

(GO

SeT)

CONTROL

CODE

SIGNIFYING

THE BEGINNING OF

G1

seT

ASCII CODE

FOR

LINE

DRAWING

• CHARACTER ±

only

the

codes

illustrates

assumes

also assumes

data

is

STX

. T

~

______

_____________

_______________

SI

and SO

used

to

enable

the

framing

that

the

that

the

NAME:

transmitted,

NAME:

JONES

----.J

of

G0

data

AGE:

control

the

G0

and

character

is

in

JONES

the

data

28

codes will be used

G0 and

G1

set

the

same area.

G1

character

is

U.S., and

AGE:

stream

so

---'

to

the

81

---'

'--------

'----

_______

to

frame

the

sets respectively.

sets

in a transmitted

the

G1

set

28

± 1

year

host

would be:

year

ETX

EOT

L FIRST AND SECOND

'--------

character

is

line drawing.

END

OF MESSAGE CODE

UNPROTECTED

(GO

SETi

CONTROL

CODE

~~:~~~II~~ING

OF

GO

SET

~~~~~TECTED

The

data

DATA

sets since

following

stream.

The

66

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

Case 2. The transmitted data stream contains characters from a character set

presently defined

In

this case,

SI

the set

is

encountered. When such a character

the

Select Character Set code sequence defining

G 1 set, then append

procedure

selected G0 set

is

needed

that

were selected prior

following example illustrates

The defined G0

the

VISUAL

and SO control codes

the

SO

is

repeated for each character encountered

or

G 1 set. The terminal

or

the

end

of to

or

G1

set. The example assumes

drawing. The example also assumes

NAME:

If

the

above data appeared on

to

the

host would be:

as

the

G0

400

will

frame characters from

as

described

code

to

signify

will

the

transmission when it

the

transmission.

the

framing

that

Foldvary

the

last line

or

G1

character set.

the

in

Case 1 until a character

is

encountered

the

beginning

maintain

of

that

the

data

the

characters

the

is

the

newly encountered character set

of

that

is

newly defined G 1 set until a new G 1

will

revert back

that

G0 set

in

the

same area.

AGE: 28 ± 1

of

the

screen and

G0 and

G1

not

character will be framed with

the

newly defined G 1 set. This

not

part

of

to

the

are

not

is

U.S. and

year

is

transmitted,

not

character sets with

from

the

G0

or

G1

as

the

presently

G0 and

part the

the

of

G1

sets

the

presently

set

is

line

data stream

STX

NAME,

START

OF

MESSAGE

CODe

UNPROTECTED D (GO

SET)

SELECT SET CONTROL SEOUENCE DEFIN

GERMAN AS

CONTROL CODE SIGNIFYING

BEGINNING OF G

~~~I~~g~::gR

UNPROTECTED D

(GO

SET)

SELECT SET CONTROL SEOUENCE

DEFINING DRAWING AS

CONTROL CODE

SIGNIFYING

BEGINNING OF

?I

CHARACT

ER

ING

G1

S

ET

1 SET CHERMAN

.

ATA

CHARACT

ER

SE

T

LINE

G1

S ET

G1

SET

F

ESC

(0; 3 (0

so

" Idvo.y. AGE,

28

ESC

[: 0; 8 (D

SO

9 ,

81

-

r-

L-

year ETX EDT

~

L--

_____

L--

______

_______

~~';:~:~~F

MESSAGE COOES

UNPROTECTED

DATA

(GO

SET)

CONTROL CODE

~~"c,~~~~;

OFG0 SET

UNPROTECTED DATA

(GO

SET)

ASCII CODE FOR

LINE

DRAWING CHARACTER

67

VISUAL

6.3

HALF/FULL-DUPLEX

The

VISUAL Block mode. placing the burden

6.3.1 Half-Duplex

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

400 supports both half and full-duplex communication in either Character When

operating in half-duplex the

of

not

overflowing the terminal's

XON/XOFF

receive

protocol

is

disabled thus

buffer on the host.

or

There to

When

state (Request-To-Send low) When

is

a problem unique

be

the receiver, i.e., when should the communications line

nal

uses

two

methods

use

of

a control code

secondary channel

the

VISUAL

is

the turnaround control code (TACC).

will

V400

assume

the TACC

of

400

that

is

transmitted by the V400,

to

half-duplex operation, who

to

determine when the line should

to

signal

the

end

of

a transmission

the modem

is

in Character mode, the control code

it

is

the last character

if

it

is

available

When

the TACC

of

the

to

the transmit state (Request-To-Send high).

it

will switch from the transmit state

receive state.

When

the V400

terminal

will monitor the secondary channel

received, the V400

the modem

period

of

approximately 500 milliseconds after switching

switch back

When

the V400 i.e., they start with a codes.

The End

dary channel may

is

in Character mode

will

switch

for

incoming

to

the transmit state.

is

in

Block mode, the TACC

Start

of

Message

be

used

and

the

use

for a "break".

to

the receive state

signal

on

the communications line.

is

not

of

Message

code

and

code signals when the line

the

same

as

when the V400

is

to

be

turned around. The termi-

be

turned around. The first

and

the second

and

allowed by the

used

is

received from the host, the

message

of

the secondary channel

and

switch from the

If a "breaking"

and

end

monitor

used

with

is is

since

to

the carrier detect

If

no carrier

to

the receive state, the V400

all transmissions

either

of

be

turned around. The

in Character mode.

the transmitter

is

the

use

user.

to

turn the line around

is

selected, the

signal

is

detected

are

two

End

of

Message

and

who

is

of

the

receive

to

the

is

lead

for

framed,

secon-

is

the

from

a

will

6.3.2

XON/XOFF

6.4

Full-Duplex

When

the

VISUAL The terminal may always high.

PROTOCOL

The terminal may

not

be

can

able

to a buffer called the begins supposed ting, the V400

to

fill

up, the terminal

to

suspend

will empty, the V400 transmission.

400

is

in full-duplex, the problem

send

and

receive data simultaneously,

operate at transmission

keep

up

with

incoming data. The terminal stores incoming characters in

FIFO,

will transmit

and

processes

will

its transmission

process

all

ofthe

and

transmit

to

characters

XON (DC

of

line turnaround with

the Request

speeds

up

to

19,200 baud. However, the terminal

them on a first-in/first-out

an

XOFF (DC 3) code.

the V400. Eventually,

out

of

the FIFO.

1)

code

to

signal

if

the host

68

is

not

encountered.

to

Send

Lead

basis.

When

the FIFO

On

this signal, the host

the host stops transmit-

When

the FIFO

it

may

is

nearly

resume

is

VISUAL

If

the host fails

When the capacity

If

the

FIFO

TECHNOLOGY

to

respond

of

the

overflows, the

INCORPORATED,

to

FIFO

V400

acter (checker board pattern) Two

of

the

V400's

and

erase

the perform either before XOFF"

they

were processed.

rule: Immediately

functions, reset terminal and terminal self-test, re-initialize the terminal

FIFO.

of

these

This means

two

after

functions, the host must act

characters

until

it

receives XON. The

fied operation. The

XOFF/XON

delays

or

filler

XOFF/XON

correct order.

rei

iable operation.

synchronization scheme

characters in its data stream. Requiring a

insures

that

every character

It

frees interface programs

540

MAIN

STREET,

the

XOFF

is

exceeded, a

will

be

that

functions

For

this reason, these

from

the

V400,

condition

begin

to

discard incoming characters. The error char-

displayed on a

if

characters received

FIFO

were placed in the

two

sending the terminal commands

as

if

it

had received

V400

or

for

XOFF

will

transmit

has

an

advantage over requiring the host

command sent

all

timing

TEWKSBURY,

the

FIFO

occurs called

MA

will

"F I FO

01876

continue

overflow".

to

fill

up.

overflow.

directly

FIFO,

functions invoke

from

XON

minimum

to

following

they

would

to

perform either

commands

be

an

"implicit

destroyed

of

these

to

the terminal, sending no more

after

it

completes the speci-

to

insert

of

software support,

the

V400

will

be

processed in

considerations, and results in more

Besides the

XON, XOFF so XOFF

namely the NO

feature

that

the desired

to

sent. The

filling

is

enabled, the

be

sent, and then the operator types the NO

V400

waits

SCROLL

effect

until

condition,

key, and Control S and Control

V400

occurs.

For

the operator types the NO

FIFO

XON. Also, entering SET-UP mode

the

FIFO.

Use

of

If

the

and

XOFF,

mitted The

V400

An

XOFF

will

the Control S and Control Q

Transmitter

the NO

as

typed

XON/XOF

SCROLL

if

the

V400

also recognizes transmitting any codes, XON. From three

(note

that

some keys generate a keyclicks

will

resume upon receipt If

the

V400

is

to

seven

stop and the

of

operating in Character mode on a full-duplex

causes

be

sent

if

F feature key

is

in Character mode. There

XOFF

if

the Receiver

and XON. Receipt

keystrokes on the keyboard

multiple

"KEYBOARD

an

XON

code.

back the data and the user transmits

he should

an

XON.

be

aware

that

the host

This places the burden

can

of

there

are

two

other

means

will

coordinate these three sources

example,

if

the FI

SCROLL

the

V400

to

temporarily

the

FIFO

becomes nearly

will

also

be

synchronized

is

disabled, the

FIFO

of

transmitting

Q.

If

the Transmitter

of

FO

filling

condition key, a second key again before sending

stop taking characters

full.

with

NO

SCROLL

filling

condition

XOF F and XON

disabled, and Control S and Control Q will

is

XON/XOFF

feature

code sequence).

LOCKED"

an

XOFF

to

the host (by Control S

no longer echo any

not

overloading the host's

of

LED

no way

XOFF

is

will

store in a keyboard

If

will

network

further

to

insure no

will

inhibit

the

enabled, except

the keyboard

buffer

come on. Transmissions

with

the host echoing

or

NO

type-in

output

until

buffer

XOFF

and

XON/

has

caused

XOFF

is

an not

from

key.

will

not

send

be

trans-

loss

of

data.

V400

from

XOFF

and

buffer

overflows,

SCROLL),

the user types

on the user.

Entering and

host

has

only

be

exiting

not

set the

cleared by the host.

SET-UP mode clears the transmit and keyboard locked modes

"Keyboard-Action"

mode. The

"Keyboard

Action"

mode

lock

69

if

can

the

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

The following Transmitter

is

a summary

XON/XOFF

of

the various interactions

feature

is

enabled.

Sending XOFF - the first occurrence of:

1.

FIFO filling condition

2.

Pressing

3.

Pressing

Sending XON been

sent, then the last occurrence

1.

FIFO empty condition

2.

Either depressing

Inhibiting transmit (assuming Receiver

the NO SCROLL key Control S

if

XOFF hasn't

been

and

NO

SCROLL

sent, then control Q

of:

or

XON/XOFF

Keyboard (in Character mode) - attempting Allowing transmit and/or

1.

Exiting

2.

Receiving XON.

SET-UP mode (assuming "Keyboard

unlocking keyboard

Control Q

enabled) - Receiving XOFF. Locking

to

send

too

of

these

occurrences

will

send

XON. -

assuming

If

XOFF

the

has

many keys after inhibiting transmit.

Action"

mode

not

set)

or

70

7.1

GENERAL

VISUAL

7.

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

BUFFERED PRINTER INTERFACE OPTION

The buffered variety

printer

of

serial printers via a 25-pin connector

interface

option

allows the

defined in Table 7-1. The

printer

option incorporates the following key features:

• 128 Character FIFO Buffer.

• Independent Print/Communication Baud

• Independent Print/Communication Parity.

•

16 Print Baud Rate Selection.

• Printer

Busy Monitored using

XON/XOF

• Printer Controller Mode.

•

Auto

Print Mode.

• Copy Mode.

• Print Line/Page

from

Keyboard

TABLE

PRINTER PORT PIN DESIGNATIONS

Number

1

2

3

Signal Name

AA BA

BB 4 5 6

7 8

CB CC

AB CF

or

Remote.

7-1

VISUAL

on

the rear panel.

Rates.

F Protocol

400

to

be

interfaced

Each

or

Control Line.

connector pin

with

Definition

Protective Ground

Receive (From

Data

Printer). Transmit Data (To Printer). Printer Busy Clear

to

Send

(always on).

Data Set Ready (always on).

Signal Ground Carrier

Detect (always on).

a

is

When

the

printer

SET-UP

B,

SET-UP A, SET-UP P

is

option

SET-UP C and SET-UP

Band C are

used

for

is

installed, SET-UP mode

P.

used

for

determining terminal features

determining buffered

printer

71

is

divided

into

4 parts; SET-UP A,

as

described in Section 3.2.

interface features.

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

SET-UP P

Subsequent depressions A,

B,

Once the terminal enters SET-UP P mode, the

shown in Figure 7-1.

.may

only

be

entered from SET-UP C and

1.

Enter SET-UP A

2.

Enter SET-UP B

3. Enter SET-UP C

4. Enter SET-UP P by depressing the W key again.

C and

P.

by

depressing the SET-UP key.

will

rnSVo

f%lSVo

cause

screen

by

depressing the W key.

by

depressing the W key again.

of

the I

~

I key

SET-UP P

TO

EXIT

PRESS

"SET·UP"

is

entered per the following:

the terminal

will

display a presentation like the one

to

step through SET-UP

'.

This presentation shows which printer features

summary in Figure 7-2 ) when the

may

be

recalled, changed and stored, just like any allowing printer features through 3.2.1.6.

2_

Figure 7-1. SET-UP P Presentation

to

3am

VISUAL

power up

PRINT SPEED 9600

are

stored in non-volatile memory (per the

400

is

shipped from the factory.

of

the

SET-UP A, B or C features thus

to

any desired configuration. Refer

72

These

to

Sections 3.2.1.1

features

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

COPY MODE

PRINTER

r----

CONTROLLER MODE

r-

AUTO MODE

UNDERLINE

SEQUENCE

1 r I I 1 I

PRINT

21

I I

ON

{ 1 =

O=OFF

{ 1 = ON

O=OFF

{ 1 =

ON

O=OFF

{1

= ON

0=

OFF

II

PARITY

BITS

3

'---'--~

SELECT

ENABLE

PER

CHAR.

BUSY

POLARITY

PRINT SPEED

j 1 = EVEN

l 0 = ODD

{ 1 = ON

0=

OFF

{ 1 = 8 BITS

O=7BITS

\

1 = HIGH BUSY

{

0=

LOW BUSY

'-

-LF

,--PRINTER

L----PRINTER

Figure 7-2. SET-UP P Summary

CANCEL

SUPPRESSED

SE

TYPE

BUSY

=

DEL

1

LECT 0 = CAN

{

1

{

O=OFF

1 =

{

0=

1 =

XON,XOFF

0=

CONTROL

= ON

NON FULL

FULL-LINE

LINE

IS

CANCEL

IS

CANCEL

BUFFERED

LINE

BUFFERED

73

VISUAL

7.2

SET-UP P FEATURE DEFINITIONS

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

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MA

01876

This section details each SET-UP P feature and

7.2.1

Copy Mode

The

setting

explained

of

in

Section 7.3.2.

Resetting Copy

7.2.2

Printer Controller Mode

The

setting

Printer

of

Controller mode

Setting Controller

7.2.3

Auto

Print Mode

The

setting

Print

mode

of

is

explained

this feature determines

mode

this feature determines

is

explained

whether

will also reset Printer Controller mode.

whether

in

Section 7.3.3.

Printer Controller mode will also

mode

will also reset Copy mode.

this feature determines

in

Section 7.3.4.

whether

their

or

NOTE

or

NOTE

or

effects on

not

Copy

not

Printer Controller mode

set

Copy mode. Resetting Printer

not

Auto

the

terminal and printer.

mode

is

enabled. Copy

Print mode

is

enabled.

mode

is

enabled.

Auto

is

7.2.4

7.2.5

Underline Sequence

This feature causes underlined data on

plished by sending by

the

When this feature when

the

is

applicable

the

data

underline character

is

disabled only

Print Page function

to

the

Print Page

the

screen

character followed by

to

the

printer

the

is

initiated.

Printer Busy

The

setting

to

the

If

the should be a

BUSY condition, this feature should be set

of

terminal.

printer

set

The to

send XOFF/XON

this feature depends

uses a to

"0",

printer

the

control

busy control line

line state. If

Receiver XON/XOF F SET-UP feature

to

the

command

to

also be underlined on

only. When enabled, this feature

the

backspace character (BS) followed

for every underlined character on

characters

on

how

on

the

screen will be

the

attached

to

indicate a BUSY condition, this feature

the

to

"1",

printer

printer uses XON/XOFF

the

XON/XOFF state.

NOTE

must

be enabled for

host

when

the

printer

is

the

printer. This

the

sent

to

indicates a BUSY

the

busy.

is

screen.

the

to

indicate

terminal

accom-

printer

condition

74

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

7.2.6

Printer Type

This feature applies

not

the

terminal will pass

to

Printer Controller mode and Copy mode and determines

the

code

sequences for exiting these modes on

printer.

When this feature

position,

the

is

set

to

the

OFF Controller and Copy modes will be transmitted feature will then append printer. This feature should

When this feature

is

set

to

the

CAN

or

DE L code

be

set

to

the

ON

position, no codes

OFF position for full-line buffered printers.

Controller and Copy modes will be transmitted CANCEL SELECT feature for F

I

Fa

buffered printers,

is

disregarded. This feature should be

or

printers with no buffer

7.2.7 LF Suppress This feature determines

printe~.

codes The

In

will

setting

the

ON

state,

be

sent

to

the

of

this feature depends on how

whether

no

printer.

or

not

LF

codes will be

LF

codes received by

sent

the

Some printers perform a new line function (CR & LF)

case,

the

LF Suppress feature should be enabled

printed data. Some printers perform only

code.

to

the

In

this case,

printer.

the

LF Suppress feature should be disabled

the

carriage return function

ESC

code

sequences for exiting Printer

to

the

printer. The CANCE L SE LECT

to

cancel

the

to

the

effect

in

the

sequences for exiting Printer

of

printer. Thus,

set

to

at

all.

the

terminal are

the

printer.

In

the

attached printer reacts

in

response

to

prevent double line spacing

to

allow

to

the

setting

the

OFF

to

received

the

CR code.

in

response

LF

the

ESC

ON

sent

state,

codes

whether

attached

code

on

of

the

position

to

the

all

CR

codes.

In

on

the

to

the

to

be

or

the

LF

this

CR

sent

7.2.8

Cancel Select

This feature applies determines CAN Controller mode,

Select

DE L code the

printer

7.2.9

Parity Select and Parity Enable

These

whether

code

or

the

DE L code or

the

CAN

code

if

the

printer interprets

to

erase its buffer.

two

features determine if parity

Parity enable determines

and

one

disabled

(1) corresponds

Parity select determines

one

(1

and

) corresponds

to

Printer Controller mode and Copy mode, (see Section 7.3.3) and

the

terminal will automatically append and

exit

Copy mode.

if

the

whether

to

immediately following

printer

interprets

DE L as

or

to

parity

the

is

enabled, and if

not

parity

parity enabled.

is

odd

even parity.

the

CAN

as

the

cancel function.

is

enabled. Zero (0) corresponds

or

even. Zero (0) corresponds

Control Sequence

"Cancel

it

is,

whether

transmit

function",

The

to

the

printer

to

exit

and select

cancel function causes

parity

is

to

odd

Printer

or

even.

to

parity

the

75

VISUAL

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MA

01876

7.2.10

7.2.11 Busy Polarity

7.2.12

7.3

PRINTER COMMANDS AND MODES

Bits Per Character

This feature determines code

is

elected,

This feature determines

level

or a true

The

setting Printer Busy lead high when busy busy. Check

Print Speed PRINT SPEED The

print

printer 19,200

This section describes

In

printed

transmitted.

option

baud).

all

cases, space suppression

line are

the

low level.

of

this feature depends

your

indicates

speed

is

provides

not

whether 7 or 8 data

most

significant

whether

printer

the

changed

for

the

transmitted

bits will be used for each character. If 8 bit

bit

(bit#8)

the

terminal interprets

on

the

and

some

documentation

rate

at

which data will be transmitted

by

depressing

the

same 16 baud rates as

commands

is

performed on a line basis, Le.,

to

the

and

the

printer. Embedded spaces on a line are always

is

printer

printers swing

for

the

rn

modes used

always

being used. Some printers

correct

set

to

space (0).

the

Printer Busy signal as a

their

Printer Busy lead low when

setting

key when the

communication

to

control an

of

this feature.

to

in

SET-UP P mode.

attached

all

trailing spaces on each

the

attached

interface (50 -

true

"swing"

printer.

high

their

The

suppression

Space

7.3.1 Print Line/Page Commands The Print Line/Page

the

operator

minal will use

enabled. XOFF will be

XON will be be

transmitted

suppress

Table 7-2 summarizes

Commands.

7.3.2

Copy

mode

Copy

When Copy

and

the

from

sent

is

enabled, only CR will be

Mode

allows a variable mode

printer

commands

the

XON/XOFF

to

the

at

the

selected

the

is

entered,

simultaneously.

is

keyboard. When

sent

to

host

on conclusion

various ways

number all

NOTE

not

applicable

may be initiated via remote

synchronization codes if

the

host

print

rate a'nd be ended with

sent

to

of

data

received

in

Printer Controller

the

Print Line/Page function

upon

initiation

of

the

Print Line/Page function. Each line will

to

the

printer).

obtain

lines

to

by

hard

copy

be

output

the

terminal will be

or

Copy

command

is

the

Receiver

of

a Print Line/Page

the

CR/LF

via

the

Print

to

the

printer.

sent

mode.

from

the

host

initiated

XON/XOFF

codes. (If

Page/Line

to

the

function,

the

screen

or

ter-

feature

and

LF

by

is

76

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

7.3.3

Printer

Controller

Printer Controller without printer rate XON/OFF

7.3.4 Auto

When to

CR/LF

that

Auto

be

affecting

by using

the

Print

Print Auto

output

codes

to

mode

nization codes

mode

the

XON/XOFF

printer

can accept.

be used.

Mode

allows a variable

Print

mode

to

the

printer. Each line

or

the

CR

will be used

Mode

allows

the

host

terminal screen.

synchronization codes

The

number

is

entered,

code

in

a received LF code causes

as

the

LF

Auto

Print Mode. See Table 7.2.

to

pass

all

data

In

effect,

through

the

terminal acts as a

to

limit

the

Receiver XON/XO F F feature

of

lines

to

be

transmitted

to

the

output

printer

to

the

line containing will be

suppress feature dictates.

terminal

controller

transmitted

must

be enabled for

the

printer.

ended

The

XON/XOFF

to

with

the

for

data

the

printer

the

to

a

cursor

the

synchro-

77

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

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MA

01876

SUMMARY

OF PRINT COMMANDS

Function From Keyboard

Print

Page

Cu

rsor

PRINT

Key

Echoed Sequence

Line

Print

Line

Echoed Sequence

lip"

Print

lip"

Lines

to

"Q"

Echoed Sequence

TABLE

Remote

ESC

ESC P;

Qi

7-2

[ i

[ ? 1 i

[ ? 1;

Pi

AND

MODES

Action

XOFF

code sent

to suspend transmission. Contents ted codes

to

printer

or

of

screen

only

with

CRafter line. XON code sent to

resume

Print XOFF code sent

transmission once

Page

function complete.

to

suspend transmission.

of

Contents mitted codes XON code sent

cursor line trans-

to

printer

or

only

CR

with

after line.

to

host resume transmission once Print

Line function complete.

XOFF

code sent

to

suspend transmission.

of

line

Contents mitted codes

to

or

printer

only XON code sent resume

transmission once

lip"

with

CR

after line.

to

host

Print Line function complete. Line P

is

in decimal notation between the of

1 and 24.

XOFF

Code sent

to

suspend transmission. Con-

of

lines

lip"

tents

"Q"

transmitted

with

CR/LF

CR

after

each

code sent

to transmission once tion

complete. Line P and

Q

are

both in decimal notation

between the

through

to

codes

or

line. XON

host

to

Print

limits

of

host

to

transmitCR/LF

each

to

host

to

CR/LF

to

host

to

trans-

CR/LF

to

limits

host

to

printer

only

resume

func-

1 and 24.

78

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

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MA

01876

Function

Enter Copy

Mode

SUMMARY

From Keyboard Remote

FUNCTION PRINT

or

change

OF

in

PRINT

SET-UP P

Exit

Copy

Mode

FUNCTION PRINT or

change in

SET-UP P

Enter Printer Echoed Sequence Controller

or

change in through terminal

Mode SET-UP P

Exit

Printer Controller Mode

Auto

Enter Print

Mode

Echoed Sequence

or

change in Controller mode, and auto-

SET-UP P

Echoed Sequence or

change in

SET-UP P

Exit Print

Auto

Mode

Echoed Sequence

or

change in

SET-UP

P.

TABLE

7-2

COMMANDS

ESC

[ ? 7 i

ESC

[ ? 6 i Terminal exits Copy mode

ESC

[ 5 i Data sent

ESC

[ 4 i Terminal exits

ESC

[ ? 5 i

ESC

[ ? 4 i

AND

MODES (Cont.)

Received data displayed on screen taneously. host in response

busy. XON code sent host in response not

and automatically appends the CANCE L dictates. TYPE will

XOFF

response XON code sent

response

busy.

matically appends the CAN or SE the PRINTER TYPE feature is appended.

On code sent of with line. XON code sent after

Terminal exits mode.

Action

and sent

to

XOFF

busy.

CAN

or

DE

L code

SE

LECT feature

If

the PRINTER

feature

be

appended.

from

is

host

code sent

to

printer

to

printer

DEL

code

as

the CANCEL

LECT featu

ON, no code

receipt

re

will

of

LF

to

host. Contents

line transmitted

CR/LF

line

or

only

is

transmitted.

Auto

printer simul-

code sent

to

printer

to

printer

as

the

ON, no code

passed

to

printer.

to

host in

busy.

host in

not

dictates.

If

be

code

XOFF

to

printer

CR

after-

to

host

Print

to

79

8.1

GENERAL

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED, 540

8.

PAGING

MAIN

STREET,

OPTION

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

The standard page

of

The

Paging

different

1.

2. Five

Regardless user may

VISUAL

data may

be

Option provides

forms:

Three total

total

of

whether the

select either

400

arranged

pages

an

80

8.2 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

The contents

of

display memory

terminal's screen being a 24 line

up

or

down past the

at

anyone

Figure

8-1

time.

illustrates the memory organization

window

400 termfnals. Upon power-up

operator. When operating in

Block mode and the document

nurnbers (lines 1-24 currently visible), attempts result in no action. Conversely, (lines

49-72 visible on three-page units and lines 97-120 visible on five-page units), attempts

to

move the document up

has

a display memory capacity equal

as

24 lines

for

added

of

display memory (72 lines)

of

display memory (120 lines)

VISUAL

or

132 column display format.

can

"window"

to

allow the user

or

if

the document

further

will

by

80 columns

pages

of

display memory and

400

is

configured

be

thought

to

the document. The document may be moved to

of

reset,

page

number one (lines 1-24)

to

result in no action.

of

as

view any 24 line segment

both three-page and five-page

is

moved

move the document

is

moved

to

one

page

of

data. The

or

24 lines

as

a three-page

by

132 columns.

is

available in

or

five-page

a large multi-line document,

of

the document

VISUAL

will

be

visible

down

to

its lower-most line

down

to

its upper-most line numbers

further

two

unit,

with

to

the

will

When operating in Character mode,

Format Effectors and Editing Functions Format Effectors are commands

any new

lines

that

are previously existed on these lines. Table movement

Editor i.e., any new lists

Editor

The

following

of

the document

Functions are commands

lines

that

Functions which may

example contrasts non-destructive document movement

Functions, and destructive document movement

assumes

the

VISUAL

scrolled

if

are scrolled

400

is

in Character mode.

it

is

very

that

into

cause

view

important

as

they

relate

"destructive" movement

of

the operator

8-1

lists Format Effectors which

to

will

received in Character mode.

that

cause

"non-destructive" movement

into

view

of

the operator

cause

non-destructive movement

caused

by

81

note

the

distinction between

movement

be

will

of

blank

lines

not

be

of

the document.

caused

the document.

the document, i.e.,

even

if

data

cause

destructive

of

the document,

altered. Table 8-2

by

Editor

Format Effectors. The example

.--

- - - - - - -

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED, 540

---.

__

10----

LI

N E 1

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

..

.-----

MA

01876

------

~---

PAGE 1

-

-----

PAGE 2

PAGE 3

...........

---L1NE2

..

L1NE4

L1NE7

4

8

2

PAGE 1

---.------

PAGE 2

--

PAGE 3

..

3-PAGE

NOTE

The displayed 24 lines.-

dotted

UNIT

lines indicate

the

currently

L1NE9

LINE

6

1 20

..

...

5-PAGE

PAGE 4

PAGE 5

UNIT

Figure 8-1. Paging

Memory

82

Organization

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

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01876

TABLE

FORMAT

EFFECTORS WHICH CAUSE MOVEMENT OF THE DOCUMENT

Format Effector Code

line

Feed Index Backspace Reverse

Index Horizontal Tab* Form

Feed

Space**

Entry

of

Any**

8-1

Octal

Equivalent

LF 012 ESC BS ESC HT FF

SP

D

M

033 104 008 033 115 010 014 040

Displayable Character

* Autowrap mode must be set

**

Autowrap to

cause destructive movement

mode must be set and

to

cause destructive movement

the

cursor must be on

of

the

document.

TABLE

8-2

of

the

last column

the

document.

of

the

line

EDITOR FUNCTIONS WHICH CAUSE MOVEMENT OF THE DOCUMENT

Editor

Line* Previous Line* Cursor

Cursor Cursor Cursor

Left* Right* Up*

Down* Cursor Horizontal Tab* Cursor Back Tab*

Next Page**

Previous Page** Scroll Scroll

**These Editor Functions will always cause

Down*

*

Up**

*These Editor Functions will cause

is

set, see Section 8.3.1.

the

document

Code Octal

ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn

the

E 033 133 P n 1 05 F 033 133 D

033 133 C 033 133 A 033 133

B

033 133

I 033 133 P n

Z 033 133

U V

033 133

033133 T 033 133 S

to

move only if Edit Boundary mode

document

to

033

move. See Section 8.4.

133

Pn Pn Pn Pn Pn

106 104 103 101 102 111 132 125 126 126 123

83

VISUAL

Example 1

The document gram

1)

and the cursor

TECHNOLOGY

is

positioned

is

on

INCORPORATED,

so

that

page

the

last line

540

one

of

MAIN

STREET,

is

currently visible

page

one (line 24).

TEWKSBURY,

to

the operator

MA

01876

(see

Dia-

LINE

1

r-------

•

F---------

PAGE 1

PAGE 2

PAGE 3

---

DIAGRAM

1

LINE

72

If

a Line

The visible effect on the will

I n the aforementioned example,

instead

Feed

code (Format Effector)

1.

The document moves up destructively one line.

2. Line number 25 becomes a blank line screen.

screen

come

into

view on the last line

of

the Line

1.

. The document moves up non-destructively one line.

2. Line number 25

altered.

Feed

Code, the

is

scrolled

that

of

if

a Cursor Down command

resu

is

now

received

all lines

the screen.

It

is:

into

view

84

by

the

terminal the result

and

is

scrolled on

will

scroll-up one line

of

the operator. No data on line 25

to

(Editor

the last line

and

a new blank line

Function)

is:

of

the

is

received

is

VISUAL

8.3 ADDITIONAL MODES

There

are

not

do

TECHNOLOGY

two

modes which concern the operation

appear in

the

INCORPORATED,

standard

VISUAL

540

MAIN

STREET,

400. These modes are:

of

VISUAL

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

400

multi-page units which

8.3.1

Edit

Boundary Mode,

Edit

Boundary mode provides a choice

document When reset,

rently displayed

to

affect

The

Edit board in procedure should

To

set/reset

should

or

the

Editor

Boundary mode may

SET-UP mode.

1.

Depress the SET-UP key

2. Depress the

of A one (1) corresponds

ary mode reset.

be

used:

Ps

= 19

only

the

currently

Edit

Boundary mode allows certain

24

lines. When set,

entire document.

Functions

group 7. Depress

Edit

that

To

be

followed:

I

~

Boundary mode remotely, the

are

affected

be

set

set/reset

I key

the

displayed

or

to

for

having certain

24

lines.

Editor

Edit

Boundary mode allows certain

by

Edit

Boundary mode are listed in Table 8-3.

reset remotely via

Edit

Boundary mode

enter SET-UP mode.

enter SET-UP B mode. Position the cursor over

I

~

I key

to

alternately set/reset

Edit

Boundary mode

following

Editor

Functions

control

sequence

from

set

and a zero (0)

set/reset mode

Functions affect the entire

to

affect

the keyboard, the

only

Editor

or

Edit

control

Functions

from

Boundary mode.

to

Edit

the cur-

the key-

following

bit

3

Bound-

sequences

Set

Edit

Reset

Page

8.3.2 This

When displayed display memory.

Page

the transmittable

Page

in

SET-UP mode.

cedure should

Transfer Mode,

is a VISUAL

Page

24

Transfer mode

Transfer mode may

Boundary mode

Edit

Boundary mode

Technology Incorporated defined mode

Transfer mode

lines. When

is

used

portion

To

set/reset

be

followed:

ESC

[19h

ESC

[ 19 Q

Ps

= 161

is

set, the terminal may transmit data

Page

Transfer mode

in

conjunction

of

memory.

be

set

or

Page

(See

reset remotely via

Transfer mode

is

reset, the terminal may

with

the other transmission modes

Section 6.0.)

control

from

that

applies

from

sequence

the keyboard,

to

Block mode only.

only

the

currently

transmit

or

from

the

to

condition

the keyboard

following

entire

pro-

85

VISUAL

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MA

01876

EDITOR

Editor

FUNCTIONS

Function Code Sequence

I nsert Character

Delete Character

Insert Line Delete Line Entry

of

Data

with

I nsert Replace Mode Set Erase

in Area

Erase

in Display

Erase

in Field

Erase

Character

Cursor Back Tab

Cursor Horizontal Tab

TABLE

AFFECTED

ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn

ESC [ Ps ESC [ Ps ESC [ Ps ESC ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn

8-3

BY

EDIT

BOUNDARY

@

P 033 133 L 033 133 M 033 133

0 033 133

J

N

[ Pn.X

Z 033 133 I

MODE

Octal Equivalent

033 133

033133 033 133 033 133

033133Pn

Pn Pn Pn Pn

Ps Ps Ps Pn Pn

100 120 114 115

117

112 116

130 132 111

Cursor

Left Cursor Right Cursor

Up Cursor Down Cursor

Cursor Previous Line

ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn ESC [ Pn

ESC [ Pn

D 033 133 C

033 133 A 033 133 B 033 133 E

033 133

F 033 133

Pn Pn Pn

104 103 101 102 105 106

86

VISUAL

1.

TECHNOLOGY

Depress

the

INCORPORATED,

SET-UP

key

540

MAIN

STREET,

to

enter SET-UP A mode.

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

To should

8.4

ADDITIONAL

There

page

are:

8.4.1 This command

tion. screen.

page position

2. Depress the

of

group 9. Depress

A one (1) corresponds mode reset.

set/reset

Set

Reset

terminals which

Scroll-Up,

The visible effect on

units and lines 97-120 on five-page units) all Scroll

Page

be

used:

Page

Transfer mode

Page

Transfer Mode

COMMANDS

are

five additional commands which concern

ESC [ Pn

causes

If

the

top

of

the cursor on

I

~

I key

to

enter SET-UP B mode. Position the cursor over

the

I

~

I key

to

Page

Transfer mode set and a zero (0)

Transfer mode remotely,

ESC [ 161 ESC [ 161

do

not

appear in the standard

S

the

24

document

lines

the

of

the document

screen

to

move up

is

that

is

not

to

the

following

data

are

currently

altered.

alternately set/reset

Pn

will

Page

Transfer mode.

to

set/reset mode

h

Q

the

operation

VISUAL

lines.

move up

400

Pn

is

specified in decimal nota-

from

displayed (lines 49-72 on three-

Up

commands are ignored. The

control

of

VISUAL

terminal. The commands

the

bottom

Page

Transfer

sequences

400

multi-

of

bit

the

1

8.4.2 Scroll This command

down

Pn

data

will

are

currently

of

the cursor on

8.4.3

of

the Pn'th notation. will

be

moved up

Down,

lines.

move

Page,

If

Page

ESC [ Pn

is

the

Pn

is

specified in decimal

down

displayed (lines 1-24) all Scroll Down commands are ignored. The position

the

screen

ESC [ Pn causes

page

following

the

currently

to

the

command

T

opposite

from

the

is

U

the

document

the

displayed

Pn'th

can

of

the Scroll Up command and

top

of

the screen.

not

altered.

to

currently

window

page

following

never move

notation.

move up

displayed

is

the

The visible effect on

If

the

(to

window.

not

on a

the

page

document

causes

bottom

higher numbered lines)

Pn

page

boundary

on which

beyond

the

document the

24

lines

of

is

specified in decimal

the

bottom

the

top

page.

screen

the document

to

the

document

lines reside.

to

move

is

that

beginning

87

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

8.4.4 Previous This command

ning notation. be

The Previous

8.4.5 Print This command

causes

8.5

ADDITIONAL

of

moved

Page,

ESC [ Pn

the

All,

Pn'th

If

the

down

Page

ESC

causes

is

the document

page

preceding

currently

to

the Pn'th

command

[ ? 9 i

functional

the entire document

KEYBOARD

V

displayed

page can

only

to

be transferred

CONTROLS

The user may perform the Scroll Up, Scroll commands

from

the

keyboard

by

the additional keyboard controls on

8.6

MODIFIED

There

minals

COMMAND

are

three commands which

as

opposed

OPERATIONS

to

the standard

8.6.1 Absolute Cursor Positioning Command

to

move

down

(to

the

currently

window

preceding

never move

if

the

Buffered Printer I nterface

lower numbered lines)

displayed window.

is

not

on a

page

the

page

on which the

the

document beyond

to

an

attached printer.

Down,

Pn

is

boundary

top

to

Option

the

lines reside.

the

Page

to

the begin-

document

bottom

is

installed and

and Home

page.

depressing the appropriate keys. Table 8-4 summarizes

VISUAL

cause a different

VISUAL

400

mUlti-page terminals.

action on

400

terminal. These commands are:

ESC

[ y ; x H

VISUAL

400

mUlti-page ter-

will

This command 24 lines

as

The above sequence specified

is

used

for

positioning

described in Section 5.3.2.

will

position the cursor

by

"x".

Both line and column parameters

the

cursor anywhere

to

8.6.2 Horizontal and Vertical Position Command This command

The above sequence specified mand may from

view.

8.6.3 Form This

control

page,

and home

8.6.4 What This command

VISUAL displayed the response

is

used

to

position the cursor anywhere

will

position

by

"x".

Both line and column parameters

cause

the cursor

It

is

recommended

Feed

(octal 014)

code

will

the

cursor.

is

Cursor Location Relative

will

cause

400

Reference Manual provided

24

lines.

will

be

If

as

to

move

move the document

the terminal

the cursor

follows:

the

cursor

off

that

the keyboard

to

is

not

to

the

currently

to

the beginning

the

Screen?

respond

the

cursor

positioned

within

the line specified

are

in decimal notation.

ESC

[ y ; x f

within

the

line specified

are

in decimal notation. This com-

by

the entire display memory.

by

displayed 24 lines and thus disappear

be

locked while the cursor

of

the next

ESC

[ 6 n

as

indicated in Section 5.3.9

is

positioned

within

the

currently

the currently displayed

"y"

and

the

column

"y"

and the column

is

off

screen.

page,

erase

the

of

the

within

the

currently

displayed 24 lines

88

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET,

TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

Depressed

Keys

FUNCTION

with

ADDITIONAL

~

[!]

B

\ .... \

IHOMEI

TABLE

KEYBOARD CONTROLS

Code

Transmitted in Mode

Character Mode Mode

ESC

ESC ESC

8-4

Sequence

[T

[S

[V

[U

[99

V

[H

Action

Scroll Down

Scroll Up

Cursor Position will

Caused

or

if

Sequence Echoed

Page

goes

of

also

be

in Block

in Character

to

Home

Page

displayed.

1.

Page

1

*SHIFTwith

*SH

I FT

*SHIFT

*SH I FT

*These keyboard controls are local

Character mode. These controls allow transmitting any codes.

with

~

[!]

B

\ .... 1

\

HOMEI

only

None

and are provided mainly for

the

user

to

move

the

document

Scroll Down

Scroll Up

the

user

up and down locally

also

who

goes

is

operating

Page

to

of

Page

be

displayed.

Home

1.

Page

in

without

1

89

VISUAL

TECHNOLOGY

INCORPORATED,

540

MAIN

STREET, TEWKSBURY,

MA

01876

In

both

responses, y and y = 1-120 on five notation.

8.6.5 What

is

Cursor Location Relative

This command The response

ESC

y

is

the current line number

page

units) and x

[y

from

; x R

Cursor Position

Cursor

lower

the

is

positioned

line number than

cu

rrently displayed

on

24 lines. Cursor

higher line number than

the

is

positioned

currently

on

displayed

24 lines.

is

the current line number

page

units) and x

to

will

cause

the terminal

is

the

column position. Both y and x are in decimal notation.

of

will

be:

the

cursor (y = 1-72 on three-page units and 1-120 on five-

a

of

the cursor

is

the

column position. Both y and x are in decimal

the Entire Memory?

to

respond

with

the

Terminal

ESC

(y

absolute position

Response

[<

y ; x R

[>

y ; x R

= 1-72 on three-page units

ESC

[ ? n

of

the

cursor.

8.7

RECEIVING

When a mUlti-page

appear

8.8

OPERATION

DATA

VISUAL

400

terminal zontal and Vertical Position command into

a memory

from

area

not

currently

displayed. By using this command,

the operators view and no screen scrolling

ing throughput. It

is

also suggested

(see

3.2.3.41,3.2.3.44,5.4.2

not

interfere

with

that

prior

the

incoming data.

to

sending any data

of

the

VISUAL

unlocked.

RESTRICTIONS

There

5.3.1 restriction the and

is

one notable restriction concerning the Scrolling Region command

of

VISUAL

is

Scrolling Region command

the

Scrolling Region command is issued,

that

400

Reference Manual) on

page

number one (lines 1-24) should be

is

issued. I f

is

receiving data,

be

used

400

After

the

VISUAL

page

loss

it

to

address

to

the

will

occur thus significantly increas-

the terminal

Reference Manual)

data

is

received the keyboard

400

mUlti-page terminals. The

currently

number one

of

data may occur.

is

suggested

cursor

the

is

not

that

the

Hori-

if

data

is

to

be

written

the

cursor

will

dis-

keyboard be locked

so

the

operator does

can

be

(see

Section

displayed whenever

currently

displayed

90

Visual Technology VISUAL 400 Reference Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual