Vista LM104-P50 User Manual

TM

ELECTRONICS, INC.

LM104-P50

LonWorks Network Interface Module

for the PC/104 bus standard

Installation and Usage Guide

27525 Newhall Ranch Road Unit #1

Valencia, CA 91355 USA

Tel 1-800-VISTA-99 (800 847-8299)

Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]

http://www.vistaelectronics.com

e-mail: [e-mail]

Version 2.0, Revised June 2001.

The VISTA logo and LM104-P50 are trademarks of VISTA Electronics, Inc.

Any other product names are trademarks of their respective holders.

All materials Copyright © 2001 VISTA Electronics, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Product Overview....................................................................1

Module Setup ..........................................................................2

Jumper Settings ......................................................................3

Software Driver Installation......................................................5

Cable Grounding and Termination ..........................................7

Troubleshooting.......................................................................10

Appendices

A. Specifications..............................................................11

B. PC/104 Bus Signal Assignments................................12

C. Connector and Jumper Pinouts, Options 1/2/3/6........13

D. Connector and Jumper Pinouts, Options 5/5C...........14

E. Echelon-approved Wire Manufacturers ......................15

F. Concerning Conformal Coatings.................................16

G. Additional Information.................................................17

H. Limited Warranty.........................................................18

ii

Product Overview

The Vista Electronics LM104-P50 module provides connectivity between PC/104-based systems
and the Echelon Local Operating Network (LON). The module features full compliance with
Echelon’s LonMark Interoperability Guidelines, greatly simplifying hardware and software
integration into systems built around LonWorks.

The MS-DOS software drivers supplied with the LM104-P50 module were developed using
Echelon’s Microprocessor Interface Program (MIP) and function in the same way as the MS-DOS
software driver supplied with the Echelon SLTA. The LM104-P50 is 100% compatible with
Echelon’s API (Application Program Interface), so any program that complies with the API will
work transparently with the LM104-P50. QNX drivers, provided by Steinhoff Automation, are also
available (please contact VISTA Electronics Sales).

The module contains one 3150-type Neuron chip, one 32K EPROM containing LON system
software, and one 32K static RAM chip (24K available) for network message buffering. It also
contains one of several network interfaces as outlined below. It interfaces with other LON nodes in
standalone, peer-to-peer or polled environments.

The LM104-P50 module (except Options 5/5C) is compliant with the PC/104 specification, version

2.3 for an 8-bit module with a 16-bit stackthrough connector. Mechanical and electrical
specifications are listed in the Appendix A.

This guide is specific to board revisions B2 and B3 for Options 1/2/3/6, and board revision C.0 for Options 5/5C.

LM104-P50 Network Interface Options

Option 1 RS-485 multi-drop configuration, 39Kbps
Option 2 Transformer-coupled twisted pair, 78Kbps
Option 3 Transformer-coupled twisted pair, 1.25Mbps
Option 5 Echelon PLT-22 Power Line Carrier, 5Kbps
Option 5C Echelon PLT-22 Power Line Carrier w/CENELEC support, 5Kbps
Option 6 Echelon FTT-10A Free Topology Transceiver, 78 Kbps

Related Products

VEPC-2 Single- or two-phase (120Vac Max.) AC line coupler for Options 5 and 5C
VEPC-3 Three-phase (250Vac Max.) AC line coupler for Options 5 and 5C

1

Module Setup

IMPORTANT NOTE!

The LM104-P50 module gets all of its electrical power through the PC/104 bus connector.
The module requires +5Vdc, ±10% at 420mA. Because it was designed specifically for the
PC/104 bus, the module does not support any external power supply, nor is it designed to run
at any other supply voltage. Operating an LM104-P50 module at a supply voltage higher than
+5Vdc will probably damage the module and will definitely void the warranty. A supply
below 4.65Vdc will not damage the module, but it will not function, because the supervisory
circuit will force the Neuron into RESET and hold it there.

Before installing the LM105-P50, check the host system for the availability of interrupt request
lines (IRQs) and free I/O address locations. Most problems with configuring the LM104-P50 can
be traced to conflicts between the LM104-P50 and some other device in the system. The software
driver will work with any combination of I/O address and IRQ that is not shared with any other
device. Note that more than one LM104-P50 may be installed in the same host system, provided
each module has its own address and IRQ. Please see page 3 for jumper settings and page 5 for
software driver installation details.

The LM105-P50 (Option 1/2/3/6) installs like any other PC/104 board. It has a 16-bit stackthrough
connector, so other PC/104 boards may be installed above or below it in the stack, using 0.6”
(15mm) spacers to maintain proper distance between cards. Note that Option 5/5C boards do not
allow boards to be installed above them, as the Echelon PLT-22 transceiver is too tall. Option 5/5C
boards must be installed at the top of a stack.

Before plugging the PC/104 boards together, double check to insure that the boards are aligned
properly, and that the PC/104 connectors between boards are not off by one position.

2

Jumper Settings

There are five jumper locations, which vary slightly depending on which network interface option is
selected. Their functions are as follows:

JP1 SERVICE

Momentarily shorting this jumper causes the Neuron chip to broadcast its Neuron ID across the
network. This jumper should normally be left open.

Default: OPEN

JP2 RESET

Momentarily shorting this jumper asserts the –RESET signal on the Neuron chip. This resets the
LM104-P50, restarting any application program. This jumper should normally be left open.

Default: OPEN

JP3 TERMINATION

This jumper controls whether or not the onboard termination circuit is enabled or disabled.

Shorted Termination is enabled.
Open Termination is disabled.

Please see page 7, “Cable Grounding and Termination” regarding termination issues.

Default: OPEN (no termination)

JP4 I/O ADDRESS

This jumper selects the I/O address range used by the LM104-P50:

Position 1 Address &h1E0-&h1EF
Position 2 Address &h300-&h30F
Position 3 Address &h310-&h31F
Position 4 Address &h320-&h32F

Default: Position 1 (&h1E0-&h1EF)

3

JP5 IRQ SELECT

This jumper selects the IRQ (Interrupt Request) level used by the LM104-P50 and the interrupt­driven driver (LM104INT.SYS):

1 IRQ15
2 IRQ12
3 IRQ11
4 IRQ10
5 IRQ5
6 IRQ3

Default: IRQ5

Note that IRQ10, IRQ11, IRQ12 and IRQ15 are only available on 16-bit systems (80286-class or
higher microprocessors).

JP6 TRANSMIT OUTPUT LEVEL

This jumper selects the Transmit Output Level on Option 5/5C (PLT-22) boards ONLY. This
jumper is not present or used on any other option.

Shorted Output Voltage is 7Vp-p
Open Output Voltage is 3.5Vp-p

Default: SHORTED

4

Software Driver Installation

The LM104-P50 module includes two MS-DOS software drivers: one that is interrupt driven
(LM104INT.SYS) and one that uses polling (LM104POL.SYS). The interrupt driver is used in
most cases.

First, copy the files on the distribution diskette to a drive and directory on the host system.
For the interrupt driver, add the following line to the system’s CONFIG.SYS file:

DEVICE = [DRIVE:] [\PATH\] LM104INT.SYS [SWITCHES]

For the polled driver, remove any shorting jumpers on JP5 and add the following line to the
system’s CONFIG.SYS file:

DEVICE = [DRIVE:] [\PATH\] LM104POL.SYS [SWITCHES]

Where [DRIVE:] and [\PATH\] is where the driver files were copied to.

Valid switches are as follows:
/Onn describes the output buffer count, where 2 OOOO nn OOOO 90. The default is 8.

/Inn describes the input buffer count, where 2 OOOO nn OOOO 90. The default is 8.

/Pn selects the base I/O address. Set jumper JP4 on card to match.
1 Base Address 1E0 (default)
2 Base Address 300
3 Base Address 310

4 Base Address 320

/Dn assigns the MS-DOS device name, LON[n], i.e. LON1, LON2, etc.

/Z inhibits auto flush cancel.

/Qn selects the IRQ level (LM104INT.SYS only). Set jumper JP5 on card to match.
1 IRQ15 (for use with 80286 or higher only)
2 IRQ12 (for use with 80286 or higher only)
3 IRQ11 (for use with 80286 or higher only)

4 IRQ10 (for use with 80286 or higher only)
5 IRQ5 (Default)
6 IRQ3

5

For example, adding the following line to the CONFIG.SYS file:

DEVICE=C:\LON\LM104INT.SYS /D1 /P1 /Q5

installs the interrupt-driven driver using base I/O address &h1E0 and IRQ5.

Adding the following line to the CONFIG.SYS file:

DEVICE=C:\LON\LM104POL.SYS /D1 /P3

installs the polling driver at I/O address &h310. The polling driver does not use an IRQ, and any
board that uses the polling driver should not have a shorting jumper installed at JP5.

Note: More than one LM104-P50 module can be installed in the host system at one time. The I/O
address and IRQ settings must not conflict with each other or any other device in the system, and
each LM104-P50 must have a unique LON number.

For example:

DEVICE=C:\LON\LM104INT.SYS /D1 /P1 /Q5
DEVICE=C:\LON\LM104POL.SYS /D2 /P2
DEVICE=C:\LON\LM104INT.SYS /D3 /P3 /Q10
DEVICE=C:\LON\LM104INT.SYS /D4 /P4 /Q3

will install four running copies of the driver, with the first copy (device name LON1) at I/O address
&h1E0, using IRQ5. The second driver (device name LON2) is the polled driver
(LM104POL.SYS), which means that while it does occupy an I/O address, &h300, it does not use
up an IRQ. The third (device name LON3) at I/O address &h310, uses IRQ10; and the fourth
(device name LON4) at address &h320, uses IRQ3. This example assumes that no other device in
the system is using these resources.

6

Cable Grounding and Termination

To maintain data transmission performance, network cabling must be terminated correctly.
Termination requirements vary depending on the type of cable used for network connections –
shielded or unshielded twisted pair - and the type of transceiver used.

Cable Grounding

The majority of LonWorks networks use twisted-pair wiring to interconnect the nodes, either
shielded twisted pair (STP) or unshielded twisted pair (UTP). If shielded twisted pair wiring is
used, the shield of the cable should be grounded as illustrated in Figure 1.

Shielded Twisted Pair

SHIELD GROUNDING CIRCUIT

W

, 5%, ¼W

470K

Figure 1. Cable Shield Grounding Circuit.

100nF, 100V, 10%
Metallized Polyester

The 470KW resistor safely bleeds off any static charge on the cable’s shield, and the capacitor
helps avoid DC and 50/60Hz ground paths from being formed through the shield. The cable shield
should be grounded at least once per segment, and at each node if possible.

Cable Wiring and Termination

Termination of the network depends upon the type of transceiver used. In some installations, the
termination circuit included on the LM104-P50 may be used; in others, it should not be used. The
type of wire that may be used, per Echelon’s specifications, also varies by transceiver type.

Option 1 – RS-485

The RS-485-standard transceiver used in Option 1 boards specifies that a 120W, ¼ W resistor
should be installed across the network connections (pins 2 and 3 on P3) at every node (see Figure

2).

7

The RS-485 standard further specifies that network cabling have a characteristic impedance of
approximately 120W. The use of coaxial or twinaxial cable is not recommended. VISTA
Electronics recommends using a high quality, low loss polyethylene-insulated twisted pair wire
(such as Belden 9841) for optimum results, although less expensive PVC-insulated wire may be
used as well.

P3

LM104-P50-1

R11

W

10

NETW ORK

1

2

120W

3

Figure 2. Termination of an LM104-P50-1 RS-485 network node.

Options 2 and 3 – Twisted pair transceivers

Twisted pair transceivers are connected in a bus topology, and only the nodes at each end of the bus
need to be terminated. If the LM104-P50 board is at either end of the bus, enable the built-in
termination by installing a shorting jumper at location JP3. If the LM104-P50 is not at either end of
the bus, leave JP3 open. The factory default is no termination – JP3 is open.

Twisted pair transceivers may be used with only certain types of wiring. 78Kbps networks (Option

2) may use 22AWG (0.65mm) Level IV cable types only. Please see Appendix E for a partial list of
Level IV cable suppliers.

1250Kbps networks (Option 3) may use either 22AWG (0.65mm) Level IV cable or the more
common Category 5 (TIA 586A) cable.

Please note that there are distance and other cabling considerations that are far beyond the scope of
this manual. VISTA Electronics recommends consulting Echelon Engineering Bulletin #05-0023­01, “Junction Box and Wiring Guidelines” for additional information.

8

Option 5 – Power line carrier transceivers

These modules are designed to be used with couplers that interface between the node and the power
line. As such, the PLT-22 transceiver and the power line coupler handle any termination issues.
Any standard 50W BNC cable may be used to connect the LM105-P50 to its line coupler. Because
the transmission medium is existing power line cable, the user will usually not have a choice in
what cable is used. The PLT-22 compensates for this by operating at a much lower data rate than
other transceivers (5Kbps).

Option 6 – Free Topology Transceiver

Free topology networks require only one terminator per network segment. It may be located
anywhere in the segment, regardless of the topology. For Option 6 boards connected in a strictly
bus-type topology, a second termination network may be added which will nearly triple the
allowable network length. The circuit in Figure 3 will properly terminate a Free Topology
network. Jumper JP3 must be left open to disable the LM104-P50’s onboard termination.

100

mF, 50V

105W, 1% , 1/8W

100mF, 50V

Figure 3. Free topology network terminator circuit.

Free topology networks have the widest choice of qualified cable types. Like twisted pair
transceivers, 22AWG (0.65mm) Level IV cable and standard TIA 586A Category 5 network cable
may be used. Echelon has also certified Belden 8471 (PVC insulation) 16AWG (1.3mm) cable and
Belden 85102 (Tefzel insulation) 16AWG (1.3mm) cables for use with free topology networks. A
European standard cable, JY (st) Y 2x2x0.8, also meets Echelon’s rigorous standards.

9

Troubleshooting

• Make sure that the system has power, and make sure that all voltages are within specification.

The Neuron chip does not tolerate under- or over-voltage conditions very gracefully.

• Make sure that the driver’s command-line switches (/P# and /Q#) match the jumper settings

on the module (JP4 and JP5, respectively)

• Sometimes there are conflicts for system resources. Double-check that the LM104-P50 is set to

use a base I/O address and interrupt request line that is not used by some other device in the
system. Try selecting a different base I/O address, using JP4, and make sure to change the
driver’s command-line switch (/P#) to match. If this does not resolve the problem, try
selecting a different IRQ number, using JP5, and make sure to change the driver’s command­line switch (/Q#) to match.

• Occasionally, the Neuron chip’s internal EEPROM memory can become corrupted. This is

indicated by the SERVICE LED staying on solid, not blinking at all. To correct this problem,
the node must be rebooted, which is not the same as a power up reset or shorting the RESET
jumper. There are three different ways of accomplishing this:

1. Run the NODEUTIL utility (available from Echelon) on the host PC and select Reboot
(“R”).

2. Remove power from the LM104-P50. Remove the EPROM chip (U2) from its socket
using a chip extractor. Replace the EPROM with an EPROM programmed with
EEBLANK.NRI (also available from Echelon). Turn the power on. The service LED
should go off while the Neuron blanks its internal EEPROM. It will then come on solid
and stay that way. Remove power from the LM104-P50, remove the EEBLANK
EPROM and replace it with the original EPROM, then restore power.

3. Remove power from the LM104-P50. Remove the EPROM chip (U2) from its socket
with a chip extractor, then restore power. Wait a few seconds, remove power, then
replace the EPROM in its socket. This will usually force the Neuron to load the program
and default configuration into internal EPROM. Note that this method does not work in
all cases, but will not harm the board.

If any of these methods do not solve the problem, a Returned Material Authorization (RMA) should
be obtained from VISTA Electronics and the board returned for service.

10

Appendix A

Specifications

Mechanical

Compatible with PC/104 Specification v2.3

Dimensions: 3.55 x 3.80 x 0.95 inches (90.1 x 96.5 x 24.1 mm)
(Including PC/104 connectors)

Weight 2.8 oz. (79.5 g)

User Connectors

Network Connection:

Options 1/2/3/6 3-pin, 0.100” spacing right angle friction locking header
Molex p/n 22-05-3031
Mates with Molex p/n 22-01-3037 3-circuit terminal housing

Option 5/5C Female BNC, right angle

Environmental

Operating temperature range -40°F to +185°F (-40°C to +85°C)

Storage temperature range -58°F to +257°F (-50°C to +125°C)

Humidity 15% to 90% RH non-condensing

Electrical

Power Supply: +5Vdc, ± 10%, 420mA, supplied by PC/104 bus

Power Consumption 2.1W

11

Appendix B

Bus Signal Assignments

PIN
Number

0 -- -- 0V 0V 1 -IOCHCHK 0V -SBHE -MEMCS16 2 SD7 RESET LA23 -IOCS16 3 SD6 +5V LA22 IRQ10 4 SD5 IRQ9 LA21 IRQ11 5 SD4 -5V LA20 IRQ12 6 SD3 DRQ2 LA19 IRQ15 7 SD2 -12V LA18 IRQ14 8 SD1 -ENDXFR LA17 -DACK0 9 SD0 +12V -MEMR DRQ0 10 IOCHRDY KEY -MEMW -DACK5 11 AEN -SMEMW SD8 DRQ5 12 SA19 -SMEMR SD9 -DACK6 13 SA18 -IOW SD10 DRQ6 14 SA17 -IOR SD11 -DACK7 15 SA16 -DACK3 SD12 DRQ7 16 SA15 DRQ3 SD13 +5V 17 SA14 -DACK1 SD14 -MASTER 18 SA13 DRQ1 SD15 0V 19 SA12 -REFRESH KEY 0V 20 SA11 CLK 21 SA10 IRQ7 22 SA9 IRQ6 23 SA8 IRQ5 24 SA7 IRQ4 25 SA6 IRQ3 26 SA5 -DACK2 27 SA4 TC 28 SA3 BALE 29 SA2 +5V 30 SA1 OSC 31 SA0 0V 32 0V 0V

Notes:
Rows C and D are used for 16 bit (AT) operation.

J1/P1
Row A

J1/P1
Row B

J2/P2
Row C

J2/P2
Row D

12

Appendix C

Connector and Jumper Locations and Pinouts,
LM104-P50 Module Options 1/2/3/6

LM10 4− P 50−

TM

TM

Service LED

Service Pin Jumper

Reset J umpe r

E
C

I

1

V

P

R

J

E
S
T

2
P

E

J

S
E
R

TMTM

.
M

3

R

P

E

J

T

Network
Connection

1 NO CONNECTION
2 NET
3 NET

Termination

4
P
J

1
P
J

2
P
J

3
P
J

1

234

1

4
P
J

12233445 6

5
P
J

E
C

I
V
R
E
S

T
E
S
E
R

.
M
R
E
T

JP1 SERVICE

Pin 1 Ground
Pin 2 SERVICE

JP2 RESE T

Pin 1 RESE T
Pin 2 Ground

JP3 TERMI NATIO N

Options 2 & 3 ONLY!

JP4 I/O Addr es s

1 &h1E0 - &h1EF DEFAULT
2 &h300 - &h30F
3 &h310 - &h31F
4 &h320 - &h32F

I/O Address
Range Select

Interrupt Request
(IRQ) Sel ect

JP5 Interr u pt Request

123456

5
P
J

1IRQ15
2IRQ12
3IRQ11
4IRQ10
5IRQ5 DEFAULT
6IRQ3

13

Appendix D

Connector and Jumper Locations and Pinouts,
LM104-P50 Module Options 5/5C

LM104−P 50−

TM

TM

Servi c e LE D

Serv ic e Pin Jumper

Reset Jumper

E
C

I

1

V

P

R

J

E
S

2

T

P

E

J

S
E
R

TMTM

Network
Connection

Packet De tect ( Amber)

4
P
J

1
P
J

2
P
J

1

234

JP6

D
K
P

U
I

B

1

4
P
J

12233445 6

5
P
J

CENELE C B and In U s e
(Red)

Transmit Output Level
I/O Address

Range Select

Interrupt Request
(IRQ) Select

E
C

I
V
R
E
S

T
E
S
E
R

JP1 SERVICE

Pin 1 Ground
Pin 2 SERVICE

JP2 RESET

Pin 1 RESET
Pin 2 G rou n d

JP4 I/O Addr es s

1 &h1E0 - &h1EF DEFAULT
2 &h300 - &h30F
3 &h310 - &h31F
4 &h320 - &h32F

JP5 Interru pt R equest

12345

5
P
J

JP6

6

1IRQ15
2IRQ12
3IRQ11
4IRQ10
5IRQ5 DEFAULT
6IRQ3

JP6 Transm it Ouput L evel - O ptions 5/5 C O NLY

Pin 1 Ground
Pin 2 T XL V L

Defau lt is Sho rt ed

14

Appendix E

Manufacturers of Echelon-approved networking cable and wire.

General Cable
(BICC Cable, Brand-Rex, General Cable, Carol Ca ble)

4 Tesseneer Drive
Highland Heights, KY 41076
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Web: http://www.generalcable.com

ConnectAir International

4240 B Street NW
Auburn, WA 98001
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Web: http://www.connect-air.com

Eastman Wire & Cable

1085 Thomas Busch Highway
Pennsauken, NJ 08110
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

Windy City Wire

4250 Madison Street
Hillside, IL 60162
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Web: http://www.smartwire.com

15

Appendix F

Concerning Conformal Coatings

LM104−P50−

E
C

I

1

V

P

R

J

E
S

2

T

P

E

J

S
E
R

3
P
J

1

4
P
J

12233445 6

5
P
J

.
M
R
E
T

R11

P3

Certain applications require a conformal coating be applied to the board for additional
environmental protection. There are several “keep-out” areas on the LM104-P50 board that should
be masked prior to coating:

• PC/104 connectors P1 and P2

• Jumpers JP1, JP2, JP3, JP4 and JP5

• Network connection P3

• The 27C256 EPROM (U2) and its socket

• The PEEL (U4) and the PAL (U6) and their sockets

• The area highlighted in the above diagram (Options 1/2/3/6 only)

The last item is very important. Echelon requires that all network transceivers be protected against
electrostatic discharge (ESD). VISTA Electronics has incorporated several features to ensure this,
including spark gaps for high voltage transients. These spark gaps are part of the printed circuitry
near the network connection P3. If a conformal coating covers the gaps, they will not function
correctly. To maintain proper protection, keep any coating at least 0.25” (6.3mm) away from the
exposed (shiny, tin-plated) portion of the spark gaps (Options 1/2/3/6 ONLY).

16

Appendix G

Additional Information

PC/104 Specification, Version 2.3

This document is available from the PC/104 Consortium, which can be reached through their website at http://www.pc104.org.

The specification can be downloaded at http://www.pc104.org/technology/pc104_tech.html.

Echelon literature

A wealth of additional information is available from Echelon directly. Much of it is freely
downloadable from their website at http://www.echelon.com. Documents available include
application programming guides, Neuron chip datasheets, API programming guides, transceiver
information and wiring and cabling guidelines. Some publications are available for purchase from
Echelon; please call their sales department at

Inside USA: 1-888-ECHELON (324-3566)
Outside USA [phone]
Email [e-mail]

17

Appendix H

Limited Warranty

VISTA Electronics, Inc., warrants its hardware products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and
service, for the period of three (3) years from the date of purchase from VISTA. VISTA makes no warranty that its software
products will work in combination with any hardware or applications software products provided by third parties, that the operation
of the software products will be uninterrupted or error free, or that all defects in the software products will be corrected.

If a product does not operate as warranted during the applicable warranty period, VISTA shall, at its option and expense, repair the
defective product or part or deliver to Customer an equivalent product or part to replace the defective item. All products that are
replaced will become the property of VISTA. Replacement products may, at the sole discretion of VISTA, be new or reconditioned.
Any replaced or repaired product or part has a ninety (90) day warranty or the remainder of the initial warranty period, whichever is
longer. This warranty is nontransferable.

VISTA shall not be responsible for any software, firmware, information or memory data of Customer contained in, stored on or
integrated with any products returned to VISTA pursuant to any warranty.

Standard Warranty Service

Standard warranty service for hardware products may be obtained by delivering the defective product to VISTA during the applicable
warranty period. Products returned to VISTA must be pre-authorized by VISTA with a Returned Material Authorization (RMA)
number marked on the outside of the package, and sent prepaid, insured and packaged appropriately for safe shipment. VISTA will
not be held responsible for product(s) lost or damaged during transit. VISTA has the right to refuse any product received without a
RMA number. The repaired or replaced p roduct will be shipped to Customer, at VISTA’s expense, no later than thirty (30) days after
receipt by VISTA.

Warranties Exclusive

If a VISTA product does not operate as warranted above, Customer’s sole remedy shall be repair or replacement, at VISTA’s option .
In no event shall VISTA’s liability exceed the amount paid by Customer for the product. The foregoing warranties and remedies are
exclusive and are in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, either in fact or by operation of law, statutory or otherwise,
including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. VISTA neither assumes nor authorizes any other person
to assume for it any other liability in connection with the sale, installation, maintenance or use of its products.

VISTA shall not be liable under this warranty if its testing and examination disclose that the alleged defect in the product does not
exist or was caused by Customer’s or any third party’s misuse, neglect, improper installation or testing, unauthorized attempts to
repair, or any other cause beyond the range of the intended use, or by accident, fire, lightning, or other hazard.

Limitation of Liability

In no event, whether based in contract or tort (including negligence) shall VISTA be liable for incidental, consequential, indirect,
special or punitive damages of any kind, or for loss of revenue, loss of business, or other financial loss arising out of or in connection
with the sale, installation, maintenance, use, performance, failure or interruption of its products, even if VISTA has been advised of
the possibility of such damages.

Some states do not allow the exclusion or implied warranties or the limitation of incidental or consequential damages for consumer
products, so the above limitations and exclusion may not apply to Customer. This warranty gives Customer specific legal rights that
may vary from state to state.

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