Viglen N440BX Instruction Manual

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Introduction

This manual describes the Viglen N440BX motherboard inside your computer. The motherboard is the most important part of your computer. It contains all of the CPU, memory and graphics circuitry that makes the computer work.

The motherboard contains the very latest CPU design, the Intel Pentium II processor, which includes Intel’s MMX technology. MMX technology adds a total of 57 new instructions to the CPU, all of which are designed to vastly improve both multimedia and communications on your PC. The combination of the Intel Pentium II processor, MMX technology and Viglen expertise make this a formidable computer.

This manual contains technical information about the Viglen N440BX motherboard and other hardware components inside your computer. If you are new to computers we recommend that you read the user guide first. If you are an experienced computer user this manual should provide all the information you will need to perform simple upgrades and maintenance.

We hope that this manual is both readable and informative. If you have any comments or suggestions about ho w we could imp rove the f orma t then p lease fill o ut the form at the back of the manual and send it to us.

Above all we hope that you enjoy using your Viglen computer.

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Figure 1

System Board Components

A Secondary processor connector

(SEC)

N System fan connector

B Primary processor connector (SEC) O Server monitor module connector C Heatsink fan connectors P Narrow SCSI connector D ATX power connector Q Wide SCSI connector E Battery R DIMM Memory sockets (4) F Main power connector S ISA expansion slots (2) G Front panel connector, 16 pin T PCI expansion slots (4) H AT front panel connector U Chassis intrusion header I System fan connector V RJ-45 network controller J Speaker W USB connector K Diskette drive connector X Serial port B header (COM 2) L IDE connectors Y I/O connections (VGA, Serial, etc.) M Configuration jumper blocks Z PS/2 keyboard and Mouse ports

A B

D E

J K

Pri.

Sec.

OPQR

Back Panel Connectors

The motherboard external IO connectors are attached to a metallic I/O shield. This shield serves several purposes:

• It protects the sensitive motherboard from any external EMC problems.

• It stops the computer from interfering with other electrical devices.

• It allows the motherboard to be easily upgraded in the future without having to

resort to buying a whole new case. Simply change the I/O shield to match the motherboard.

The I/O shield provides external access to PS/2 keyboard and mouse connectors as well as one serial port, one parallel port, the VGA port and a RJ45 Local Area Network (LAN) connection.

Figure 2

NOTE:

The mouse and keyboard can be plugged into either of the PS/2 connectors. Power to the computer should be turned off before a keyboard or mouse is connected or disconnected.

NETWORK

SERIAL 1

PRINTER

MOUSE

KEYBOARD

VGA

Feature Summary

The N440BX motherboard supports two Intel Pentium ® II processors with second – level cache integrated in a Single Edge Contact (SEC) cartridge operating at 233, 266, 300, 333, 350, 400MHz and beyond.

The motherboard featur es:

Form factor

• ATX form factor of 12 x 13 inches.

Processor

• Dual Pentium II processor.

• 66 or 100 MHz Front Side Bus speed.

• 512 KB second-level cache on the substrate in the Single Edge Contact

(SEC) cartridge.

• 2 * Slot 1 connector’s.

Main memory

• Four 168-pin DIMM sockets.

• Support for up to 1 GB of 100MHz synchronous Double-ba nked SDRAM or

512 MB of 100MHz Synchronous Single-banked SDRAM.

• ECC 3.3V memory only.

Intel 440BX PCI/IDE Interface.

• Intel 82443BX PCI/AGP controller (PAC).

Integrated PCI bus mastering controller.

• Intel 82371EB PCI/ISA IDE Xcelerator (PIIX4).

Supports up to four IDE drives or devices. PIO mode 4 and DMA

Transfer rates up to 22MB/sec.

DMA controller.

Two fast IDE interfaces.

I/O features.

• The 87309 devices supports two FIFO serial ports, one Multi-mode Parallel port, floppy disk drive, PS/2 keyboard and mouse and an integrated Real Time Clock (RTC).

Symbios SYM53C876 controller Interface.

• Support for 8 or 16 bit fast SCSI.

• Up to 15 devices.

• Max data transfer 40MB/sec.

Integrated Network Interface.

• Intel 82558 PCI LAN adapter.

• For 10 or 100 Mbps TX fast Ethernet networks.

Integrated PCI Video.

• CL-GD5480 64-bit VGA.

• 1MB RAM video memory.

• Support for resolutions up to 1280 x 1024 and support for 16.7 M colors in

certain resolutions.

Expansion slots.

• Two ISA slot one shared.

• Four PCI slots one shared.

Additional features.

• Intel/Phoenix BIOS that supports Plug and Play, advanced IDE features, and password security

• Plug and Play compatible.

Microprocessor

The motherboard supports dual Pentium II processor’s. The processor’s VID pins automatically program the voltage regulator on the motherboard to the required processor voltage. The motherboard currently supports processor’s that run internally at

233, 266, 300, 333, 350 and 400MHz

all with 512 KB second-level cache. The processor’s implements MMX ™technology and maintains full backward compatibility with the 8086, 80286, Intel386 ™, Intel486 ™, Pentium, and Pentium Pro processors. The processor’s numeric coprocessor significantly increases the speed of floating-point operations and complies with ANSI/IEEE standard 754-1985.

Microprocessor Packaging

The Pentium II processor is a Single Edge Contact (SEC) Cartridge that connects to the motherboard through Slot 1, a 242-pin edge connector. The Pentium II processor S.E.C. Cartridge consists of:

• Processor card including the processor core and the second-level cache: burst pipelined synchronous static RAM (BSRAM)

• Thermal plate

• Back cover

When the Pentium II processor’s are mounted into the Slot 1 conne ctors, they are secured by a retention mechanism attached to the motherboard.

Second Level Cache

The second-level cache is located on the substrate of the SEC cartridge. The cache includes burst pipelined synchronous static RAM (BSRAM). There are four BSRAM components totaling 512 KB in size. All supported onboard memory can be cached.

Processor Upgrades

The motherboard can be upgraded with Pentium II processors that run at higher speeds. When upgrading the processor the USER must manually configure the processor speed’s.

Memory

Main Memory

The motherboard has four dual inline memory module (DIMM) sockets. Min imum memory size is 16 MB; maximum memory size is 512 MB with 1 GB being available in the future with the use of double-banked DIMMs. The BIOS automatically detects memory type, size, and speed.

The motherboard supports the following memory features:

• 168-pin DIMMS with gold-plated contacts.

• 100 MHz PC/100 SDRAM only.

• ECC (72-bit) 3.3 V memory only.

• Single or double-banked DIMMs in the following sizes:

Table 1

DIMM Size ECC Configuration 16 MB 2 Mbit x 72 32 MB 4 Mbit x 72 64 MB 8 Mbit x 72 128 MB 16 Mbit x 72

256 MB 32 Mbit x 72

Memory can be installed in one, two, three or four sockets. Memory size can vary between the sockets.

SDRAM

Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) improves memory performance through memory access that is synchronous with the memory clock. This simplifies the timing design and increases memory speed because all timing is dependent on the number of memory clock cycles.

NOTE:

To function properly, SDRAM DIMMS must meet the PC/100, 100 MHz, and unbuffered SDRAM specification for 72-bit SDRAM.

ECC Memory

Error checking and correcting (ECC) memory detects multiple-bit errors and corrects single-bit errors.

Chipset

The Intel 440BX chipset is the latest generation of Intel’s PCI set and is designed for the Pentium II processor. It consists of the Intel 82443BX PCI/A.G.P. controller (PAC) and the Intel 82371EB PCI/ISA/IDE controller (PIIX4) bridge chip.

Intel 82443BX PCI/A.G.P. Controller (PAC)

The PAC provides bus-control signals, address paths, and data paths for transfers between the processor’s host bus, PCI bus, and main memory. The PAC comes in a 492-pin BGA package and features:

• Processor interface control  Processor host bus speed of 100 MHz or 66 MHz  32-bit addressing  GTL+ compliant host bus

• Integrated DRAM c ontroller  Support for synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)  72-bit non-interleaved path-to-memory  Auto detection of memory type  Support for Mbit DRAM devices  Symmetrical and asymmetrical DRAM addressi ng  Support for 3.3 V DRAM only

• Fully-synchronous PCI bus interface  Compliance with PCI specification  PCI-to-DRAM access greater than 100 MB/sec  Support for five PCI bus masters.  Delayed transactions  PCI parity checking and generation support

• Data Buffering  Host-to-DRAM, PCI-to-DRAM, and A.G.P.-to-DRAM read buffers  Write-combining for host-to-PCI burst writes  Supports concurrent host, PCI, and A.G.P. transactions to main memory

• Support for system management mode (SMM)

Intel 82371EB PCI ISA IDE controller (PIIX4)

The PIIX4 is a multifunction PCI device implementing the PCI-to-ISA Bridge, and PCI IDE functionality. The PIIX4 comes in a 324-pin MBGA package that features:

• Multifunction PCI-to-ISA bridge  Support for the PCI bus at 33 MHz  Compliance with PCI specification  Full ISA bus support

• Integrated dual-channel enhanced IDE interface  Support for up to four IDE devices

 PIO Mode 4 transfers at up to 16 MB/sec  Support for Ultra DMA/33 synchronous DMA mode transfers up to 33

MB/sec

 Bus master mode with an 8 x 32-bit buffer for bus master PCI IDE burst

transfers

• Enhanced DMA controller  Two 8237-based DMA controllers  Support for PCI DMA with three PC/PCI channels and distributed DMA

protocols

• Interrupt controller based on 82C59  Support for 15 interrupts  Programmable for edge/level sensitivity

• 16-bit counters/timers based on 82C54

• Real-time Clock  256-Byte battery-backed CMOS SRAM  Includes date alarm

IDE Support

The motherboard has two independent bus-mastering PCI IDE interfaces. These interfaces support PIO Mode 3, PIO Mode 4, ATAPI devices (e.g., CD-ROM), and DMA mode transfers. The BIOS supports logical block addressing (LBA) and cylinder head sector (CHS) translation modes. The BIOS automatically detects the IDE device transfer rate and translation mode. Programmed I/O operations usually require a substantial amount of processor bandwidth. However, in multitasking operating systems, the bandwidth freed by bus mastering IDE can be devoted to other tasks while disk transfers are occurring.

LS-120 Support

LS-120 MB Diskette technology enables you to store 120MB of data on a single, 3.5” removable diskette. LS-120 technology is backward (both read and write) compatible with 1.44MB and 720KB DOS-formatted diskette and is supported by the Windows NT operating system.

The N440BX board allows connection of an LS-120 compatible drive and a standard 3½” floppy drive. The LS-120 drive can be configured as a boot device before a floppy drive, if selected in the BIOS setup utility.

NOTE

If you connect an LS-120 drive to an IDE connector and configure it as the “A” drive and configure a standard 3.5” floppy as “B” drive, the standard floppy must be connected to the floppy drive cable’s “A” connector (the connector at the end of the cable). The BIOS setup utility can be configured to boot firstly from either the LS120 or standard 3½ “ floppy drive.

Real-time Clock, CMOS SRAM, and Battery

The real-time clock is compatible with DS1287 and MC146818 components. The clock provides a time-of-day clock and a multicentury calendar with alarm features and century rollover. The real-time clock supports 256 bytes of battery-backed CMOS SRAM in two banks that are reserved for BIOS use. The time, date, and CMOS values can be specified in the Setup program. The CMOS values can be returned to their defaults by using the Setup program. An external coin-cell battery powers the real-time clock and CMOS memory. When the computer is not plugged into a wall socket, the battery has an estimated life of three years. When the computer is plugged in, the 3.3-V standby current from the power supply extends the life of the battery. The clock is accurate to ± 13 minutes/year at 25 ºC with 3.3 V applied.

Super I/O Controller

The PC87309 Super I/O Controller from National Semiconductor is an ISA Plug and Play compatible, multifunction I/O device that provides the following features:

• Serial ports  Two 16450/16550A-software compatible UARTs  Internal send/receive 16-byte FIFO buffer  Four internal 8-bit DMA options for the UART with SIR support (USI)

• Multimode bidirectional par al lel por t  Standard mode: IBM and Centronics compatible  Enhanced parallel port (EPP) mode with BIOS and driver support



High-speed extended capabilities port (ECP) mode

• Floppy disk controller  DP8473 and N82077 compatible  16-byte FIFO  PS/2 diagnostic-register support  High-performance digital data separator (DDS)  PC-AT and PS/2 drive-mode support

• Keyboard and mouse controller  Industry standard 8042A compatible  General-purpose microcontroller  8-bit internal data bus

By default, the I/O controller interfaces are automatically configured during boot up. The I/O controller can also be manually configured in the Setup program

Serial Ports

Two 9-pin D-Sub serial port connectors, one is located on the back panel and the other connected to a 10pin header and is relocatable.

Parallel Port

The connector for the multimode bidirectional parallel port is a 25-pin D-Sub connector located on the back panel. In the Setup program, the parallel port can be configured for the following:

• Compatible (standard mode)

• Bidirectional (PS/2 compatible)

• Extended Parallel Port (EPP)

• Enhanced Capabilities Port (ECP)

Floppy Controller

In the Setup program, the floppy interface can be configured for the following floppy drive capacities and sizes:

• 360 KB, 5.25-inch

• 1.2 MB, 5.25-inch

• 720 KB, 3.5-inch

• 1.2 MB, 3.5-inch (driver required)

• 1.25/1.44 MB, 3.5-inch

• 2.88 MB, 3.5-inch

Keyboard and Mouse Interface

PS/2 keyboard and mouse connectors are located on the back panel. The 5 V lines to these connectors are protected with a PolySwitch circuit that, like a self-healing fuse, re-establishes the connection after an over-current condition is removed.

The keyboard controller contains the AMI Megakey keyboard and mouse controller code, which provides the keyboard and mouse control functions, and supports password protection for power on/reset. A power on/reset password can be specified in Setup.

The keyboard controller also supports the hot-key sequence <Ctrl><Alt><Del> for a software reset. This key sequence resets the computer’s software by jumping to the beginning of the BIOS code and running the Power-On Self Test (POST).

System BIOS

The system BIOS, from Phoenix Technology, provides ISA and PCI compatibility. The BIOS is contained in a flash memory device on the system board. The BIOS provides the power-on self-test (POST), the system Set-up program, a PCI and IDE auto-configuration utility, and BIOS recovery code.

DMI (Desktop Management Interface)

DMI is a new PC Management system designed for networked PC’s. It allows connected computers, running the appropriate software to control functions on designated computers on the network. This motherboard adheres to Levels 0 & 1 of DMI, which are outlined below.

Table 2

LEVEL 0

Operating System embedded support functions

BIOS has embedded support for Windows 95 and NT operating systems

LEVEL 1

Full Level 0 Management Incorporates Management Level 0 ECC on Memory Memory has Error correcting technology DMTF Compliant Software The system has an option to be supplied

with LANDesk® Client Manager 3.0

DMI Compatible BIOS Lowers the cost of ownership through

simplified system manageability

Chassis Security Header (reserved for future use)

The management extension hardware supports an optional chassis security feature that detects if the chassis is opened while the computer is powered on. The security feature uses a mechanical switch on the chassis that is attached to an optional 1 x 3pin header (J4A1). The mechanical switch is closed for normal computer operation.

Server Management

All server management functionality formerly distributed between 3 controllers is now concentrated in the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC). The primary functions of the BMC it to autonomously monitor system platform management events, and log their occurrence in the non-volatile SEL. These include events such as fan failure, chassis intrusion and over-temperature. The BMC provides an ISA host interface to SDRR information so software running on the server ca n poll and retrieve the current status of the platform. A shared register interface is defined for this purpose. SEL contents can be retrieved after system failure, for analysis by using system management tools such as Intel LANDesk® Server Manager. Using the built in EMP feature or an Emergency Management Card such as the Intel LANDesk® SMM card, the information in the SEL can be obtained from a remote location via a LAN or telephone line.

Emergency Management Port (EMP)

The COM2 serial port on your N440BX server can be configured for use as an Emergency Management Port. EMP provides a level of system management during power-down, pre-boot and post-boot situations. It can be achieved via a point-topoint RS-232 connection or an external modem. EMP provides access to these basic management features:

• System Power up

• System power down (Not available when in restricted mode)

• System reset (Not available when in restricted mode)

• Access to the System Event Log, FRU and Sensor Data Records

• Access to BIOS console Redirection

• Password protection

The EMP is intended for use only in a secure environment. A simple password can be configured to provide a rudimentary level of security.

The COM2 port on the N440BX can be used for three different purposes:

• Normal serial communications port

• Console Redirection

• EMP

When the port is being used fo r EMP purposes a nd the Acce ss Mode ha s been set to always active in the BIOS, then it is unavailable for any other use.

PCI Auto Configuration

The PCI auto-configuration utility works in conjunction with the Set-up program to support PCI add-in boards in the system. When you turn on the system power after installing a PCI board, the BIOS automatically configures interrupts, DMA channels, I/O space, and so on. The PCI auto-configuration program complies with version 2.1 of the PCI BIOS specification.

IDE Auto Configuration

If you install an IDE drive in the system, the IDE auto-configuration utility automatically detects and configures the drive for operation in the system. This utility eliminates the need to enter the Set-up program after you install an IDE drive.

Expansion Slots

The system has two 16-bit ISA/AT-compatible and four PCI-compatible expansion slots. One ISA and one PCI slot are shared so this provides system expansion of up to five add-in cards.

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The N440BX motherboard is capable of accepting 233, 266, 300, 333, 350MHz, and 400MHz, Pentium II CPU's. RAM can be upgraded to a maximum of 1GB using double-banked ECC SDRAM DIMMs.

WARNING

Unplug the system before carrying out the procedures described in this chapter. Failure to disconnect power before you open the system can result in personal injury or equipment damage. Hazardous voltage, current, and energy levels are present in this product. Power switch terminals can have hazardous Voltages present even when the power switch is off. The procedures assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers and with the safety practices and regulatory compliance required for using and modifying electronic equipment. Do not operate the system with the cover removed. Always replace the cover before turning on the system.

As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this computer may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug proceed as follows:

The wire which is coloured green-and-yellow must be connected to the terminal in the plug which is marked by the letter E or by the safety Earth symbol



or coloured green or green-

and-yellow. The wire which is coloured blue must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the

letter N or coloured black. The wire which is coloured brown must be connected to the terminal which is marked with

the letter L or coloured red.

Make sure you are earthed and free of static charge before you open the computer case. If you are unsure about upgrading your computer, return it to Viglen so a qualified engineer can perform the upgrade.

STEPS TO TAKE TO PREVENT STATIC DISCHARGE:

1. The best way to prevent static discharge is to buy an anti-static strap from your local electrical shop. While you are wearing the strap and it is earthed, static charge will be harmlessly bled to gro und.

2. Do not remove the component from its anti-static protective packaging until you are about to install it.

3. Hold boards by the edges - try not to touch components / interface strips etc.

NOTE:

We recommend that you return your computer to the service department for upgrading. Any work carried out is fully guaranteed. Upgrades should only be carried out by persons who are familiar with handling IC's, as incorrect installation will invalidate the guarantee.

CAUTION!

The Viglen N440BX motherboard and associated components are sensitive electronic devices. A small static shock from your body can cause expensive damage to your equipment.

Overview of Jumper Settings

The system motherboard inside your computer contains a block of twenty-one pins and seven plastic jumpers. Different pins and jumper configurations make it possible to change how the computer functions. This section of the manual should give you all the information you will require making any changes.

Changes you can make, in this way, are as follows:

• Reset the CMOS RAM settings to the default values.

• Clear the system password.

• Recover from a corrupted BIOS during a BIOS upgrade.

• Write Protect Boot Block.

• Enable/Disable FRB timer.

• Bypass the chassis intrusion detection.

CAUTION!

Never remove jumpers using large pliers as this can damage the pins. The best way to remove a jumper is to use a small pair of tweezers or fine needle-nosed pliers.

Never remove a jumper when the computer is switch on. Always switch the computer off first.

Jumper Settings

Each set of 3 pins requires one jumper, and has two options. The following figure shows the position of the jumpers on the motherboard, and also the standard position of the jumpers (two white pins).

Figure 3

CAUTION!

Do not move the jumper with the power on. Always turn off the power and unplug the power cord from the computer before changing the jumper

Pri.

Sec.

BMC Forced Update mode

Chassis Intrusion Detection

FRB Timer

J2J1

J3J2

CMOS clear

Password Clear

Recovery Boot

Boot block write protect

Table 3 Configuration Jumper Settings

Function Jumper

J2J1

(Default

options in bold)

Configuration

Clear CMOS 1-2 Preserve contents of NVRAM.

2-3 Replace contents of NVRAM with default

settings.

Clear system password.

5-6 Maintain current system password. 6-7 Clear password

Recover from corrupted BIOS

9-10 System boots using BIOS stored in the flash

memory.

10-11 BIOS attempts to load BIOS code from a floppy

into the flash memory. Typically used when BIOS code has been corrupted.

Write Protect Boot Block

13-14 BIOS boot block is write protected.

14-15 BIOS boot block is erasable and

programmable.

CAUTION:

Programming the boot block incorrectly will prevent

the system from booting

Function Jumper

J3J2

(Default

options in bold)

Configuration

FRB timer. 1-2 FRB operation is enabled (system will boot

from processor 1 if processor 0 fails).

2-3 FRB is disabled.

Chassis intrusion detection.

5-6 Switch installed on chassis indicates when the

cover has been removed.

6-7 Chassis switch is bypassed.

Motherboard Connectors

There are connectors on the motherboard for Floppy drives, IDE devices, Fans, Power, Serial Port’s, SCSI, and Front Panel Connectors. The location and/or details of these connections are shown below.

Fig 4 Motherboard connectors.

33125

Fan

Connector

ATX power

Floppy

Drive

connector

CPU Fan

Connector

210

COM port B

Header

Main power

SCA SCSI connector

391

40202

PCI IDE Connector x2

Server Monitor

Module Connection

1 2

USB port

Header

5026

Narrow SCSI connector

Chassis

Intrusion

Header

Front Panel I/O

Connector Header

Reset

Pwr LED

HD LED

Pwr On

SPK

Front Panel Connectors

The following are all connectors situated along the front edge of the motherboard. They are often connected to buttons and LED’s situated on the front panel.

Fig 4.1 Front panel connectors.

Reset - Reset switch connector

When these pins are shorted, it will cause the computer to perform a cold reboot.

PWR LED - Power L.E.D.

This attaches to the power L.E.D on the front panel, to display if the computer is active or not.

SPK – PC speaker Connector

Not used. On-board speaker is present.

HD LED - Hard Disk L.E.D. Connector

This goes to the Hard Disk L.E.D. on the front panel, which lights up when the IDE Hard Disk is in use.

PWR on - Remote On/Off

When these pins are shorted it turns the computer on and off.

Front Panel I/O Connector Header

Reset Pwr LED HD LED

Pwr On

SPK

Upgrading the Pentium II CPU

CAUTION!

Allow time for the processor and heatsink to cool before touching either of them.

The Pentium II processor together with Level 2 cache chips are housed in a protective cartridge called a SEC module. The SEC module is attached to the computer using a slot 1 interface. Vertical supports, retention pillars, are used to keep the module fixed into place. The Pentium II processor is attached to the heatsink with special connectors called Rivscrews. These are used to protect the delicate components inside the SEC module and to ensure the correct thermal contact between the two. If you buy a new SEC module without a heatsink attached,

under NO circumstances use normal screws to attach them

. This

could cause serious and permanent damage to your computer.

The design of the N440BX computer makes it a simple job to replace or upgrade the processors. To do so please refer to figures 1 and 5 and follow the instructions below.

1. Read the warnings at the start of this chapter and ensure a static free

environment.

2. Remove the lid from the computer by removing the screws at the rear of the case.

3. Locate the SEC module(s) by referring to figure 1 if necessary.

4. Locate the retention clips at the side of the SEC module. These are marked ‘A’ in

figure 5.

5. Gently push both clips towards the SEC module at the same time.

6. Pull the SEC module Vertically upwards until it is clear of the retention bracket.

7. You can now fit the replacement SEC module and heatsink into the slot 1

interface.

If the replacement Pentium II processor is of a different speed (MHz) to the previous one you will now have to configure the Processor speed in the BIOS see page 45 (BIOS setup Program).

If the new processor has a different Front Side Bus speed (66 or 100MHz) to the previous processor, then the N440BX board will automatically detect this and change to the relevant FSB setting.

Pentium II shown without Heatsink fitted.

Figure 5

Installing & Removing Dual In-line Memory Modules DIMMs

Installing Memory

You can install from 16MB to 1GB of memory in the motherboard DIMM sockets. The board has DIMM sockets arranged as banks 1, 2, 3, and 4. The motherboard supports the following memory features:

• 168-pin 3.3 V DIMMs with gold-plated contacts

• 100 MHz unbuffered SDRAM

• Single or double-banked DIMMs

• ECC (72-bit) memory

• 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB and 256 MB modules

When addin g m emory, follow these guidelines:

• You must install DIMMs in bank 1 first, then bank 2 and so on.

• You can use different size DIMMs in the any of the banks.

• The BIOS detects the size and type of installed memory.

•

All the memory must be ECC.

NOTE:

DIMMS MUST MEET THE INTEL PC100 SPECIFICATIONS FOR 72-BIT SDRAM.

Location of the DIMM sockets.

Figure 6

Pri.

Sec.

Bank 1 Bank 2

Bank 3 Bank 4

To install DIMMs, follow these steps:

Figure 6.1

1. Observe the precautions in “Before You Begin” Turn off all peripheral devices connected to the computer. Turn off the computer.

2. Remove the computer cover and locate the DIMM sockets.

3. Holding the DIMM by the edges, remove it from its antistatic package.

4. Make sure the clips at either end of the socket are pushed away from the socket.

Pri.

Sec.

Ensure DIMM Notches

Locations match exactly

with DIMM scoket Keys

Notches

1 1

5. Position the DIMM above the socket. Align the two small notches in the bottom edge of the DIMM with the keys in the socket.

6. Insert the bottom edge of the DIMM into the socket.

7. When the DIMM is seated, push down on the top edge of the DIMM until the retaining clips at the ends of the socket snap into place. Make sure the clips are firmly in place.

8. Reinstall and reconnect any parts you removed or disconnected to reach the DIMM sockets

9. Replace the computer cover.

Removing Memory

To remove a DIMM, follow these steps:

1. Observe the precautions in "Before You Begin" .

2. Turn off all peripheral devices connected to the computer. Turn off the computer.

3. Remove the computer cover.

4. Gently spread the retaining clips at each end of the socket. The DIMM pops out of the socket.

5. Hold the DIMM by the edges, lift it away from the socket, and store it in an antistatic package.

Reinstall and reconnect any parts you removed or disconnected to reach the

DIMM sockets.

Figure 6.2

Replacing the Clock/CMOS RAM Battery

A lithium battery is installed in a socket on the system board. The battery has an estimated life expectancy of seven years. When the battery starts to weaken, it loses voltage; when the voltage drops below a certain level, the system settings stored in CMOS RAM (for example, the date and time) may be wrong.

If the battery fails, you will need to replace it with a

Panasonic CR2032

battery or an equivalent. As long as local ordinance permits, you may dispose of individual batteries as normal rubbish. Do not expose batteries to excessive heat or any naked flame. Keep all batteries away from children.

CAUTION!

Danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by Viglen. Discard used batteries according to manufacturer’s instructions.

The battery is listed as board component ‘E’ on the diagram on page 2. It is located near to the ATX power connector (component ‘D’ on the motherboard diagram).

To replace the battery, carry out the following:

1. Observe the precautions in “Before You Begin.”

2. Turn off all peripheral devices connected to the system.

3. Turn off the system.

4. Figure 1 shows the battery location on the motherboard.

5. Remove any components that are blocking access to the battery.

6. Gently pry the battery free from its socket, taking care to note the "+" and "-"

orientation of the battery (F ig ur e 7).

7. Install the new battery in the socket.

Figure 7

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The first part of this chapter helps you identify and solve problems that might occur when the system is in use. The second part lists error code messages that might be displayed. Viglen Technical Support can be reached in the following ways:

Telephone: 0181 758 7050 Fax: 0181 758 7080 Email: technical@viglen.co.uk

You can also look for support information on our web site: http://www.viglen.co.uk Device drivers and various useful utilities can be downloaded from our ftp site: ftp://ftp.viglen.co.uk

Please remember that if you cannot solve the problem by yourself then you should contact Viglen’s Technical Support for further assistance.

Resetting the System

Table 4

To do the following Press

Soft boot: Clear the system memory and reload the operating system (also called warm reset).

Cold boot: Clear the system memory, halt power to all peripherals, restart POST, and reload the operating system.

Power off/on or reset button (at front of the system)

Troubleshooting Procedure

This section provides a step-by-step troubleshooting procedure to identify a problem and locate its source.

CAUTION!

1. Turn off the system and any peripheral devices before you disconnect peripheral

cables from the system. Otherwise, you can permanently damage the system or the peripheral devices.

2. Make sure the system is plugged into a properly grounded power outlet.

3. Make sure your video display and keyboard are correctly connected to the

system. Turn on the video display, and turn up its brightness and contrast controls to at least two-thirds of the maximum (refer to the documentation supplied with the video display).

4. If the operating system normally loads from the hard disk drive, make sure there is

no diskette in the diskette drive. If the operating system normally loads from a diskette, insert the operating system diskette into the drive.

5. Turn on the system. If the power indicator does not light, but the system seems

to be operating normally, the indicator is probably defective. Monitor the power-on self test (POST) execution. Each time you turn on the system, the POST checks the system board, memory, keyboard, and certain peripheral devices.

NOTE:

If the POST does not detect any errors, the system beeps once and boots up. Errors that do not prevent the boot process (non-fatal errors) display a message that looks

similar to the following:

Error Message Line 1 Error Message Line 2 Press <F2> for Set-up, <F1> to Boot You can note the error and press <F1> to resume the boot-up process, or <F2> to

enter Set-up.

Errors that prevent the boot process from continuing (fatal errors), are communicated by a series of audible beeps. If this type of error occurs, refer to the error codes and messages listed at the end of this chapter.

6. Confirm that the operating system has loaded.

Problems and Suggestions

Table 5

What happens What to do

Application software problems

Make sure all cables are installed correctly. Verify that the system board jumpers are set

properly. Verify that your system hardware configuration is

set correctly. In Setup, check the values against the system settings you recorded previously. If an error is evident (wrong type of drive specified, for example), make the change in Setup and reboot the system. Record your change.

Make sure the software is properly configured for the system. Refer to the software documentation for information.

Try a different copy of the software to see if the problem is with the copy you are using.

If other software runs correctly on the system, contact the vendor of the software that fails.

If you check all of the above with no success, try clearing CMOS RAM and reconfiguring the system. Make sure you have your list of system settings available to re-enter, because clearing CMOS RAM sets the options to their default values.

Characters onscreen are distorted or incorrect

Make sure the brightness and contrast controls are properly adjusted on the monitor.

Make sure the video signal cable and power cables are properly installed.

Make sure your monitor is compatible with the video mode you have selected.

Table 5 continued

What happens What to do

Characters do not appear on screen

Make sure the video display is plugged in and turned on.

Check that the brightness and contrast controls are properly adjusted.

Check that the video signal cable is properly installed.

Make sure a video board is installed, enabled, and the jumpers are positioned correctly.

Reboot the system.

CMOS RAM settings are wrong

If system settings stored in CMOS RAM change for no apparent reason (for example, the time of day develops an error), the backup battery may no longer have enough power to maintain the settings. Replace the battery (Chapter 2).

Diskette drive light does not go on when drive is in use or is tested by POST

Make sure the power and signal cables for the drive are properly installed.

Check that the drive is properly configured and enabled in Setup.

Hard drive light does not go on when drive is in use or is tested by POST

Make sure the power and signal cables for the drive are properly installed.

Make sure the front panel connector is securely attached to the system board headers.

Check that the drive is properly configured and enabled in Setup.

Check the drive manufacturer's manual for proper configuration for remote hard disk drive activity.

Power-on light does not go on

If the system is operating normally, check the connector between the system board and the front panel. If OK, the light may be defective.

Prompt doesn't appear after system boots

A serious fault may have occurred consult your dealer service department / Technical Support.

Table 5 continued

What happens What to do

Setup, can't enter

If you can't enter Setup to make changes, clear CMOS RAM to the default values and reconfigure the system in Setup.

System halts before completing POST

This indicates a fatal system error that requires immediate service attention. Note the screen display and write down any beep code emitted. Provide this information to your dealer service department / Technical Support.

Error and Information Messages

The rest of this chapter describes beep codes, and error messages that you might see or hear when you start up the system:

BIOS Error Messages

Table 6 BIOS Error Messages Error Message Explanation

Diskette drive A error or Diskette drive B error

Drive A: or B: is present but fails the POST diskette tests. Check that the drive is defined with the proper diskette type in Setup and that the diskette drive is installed correctly.

Extended RAM Failed at offset:

nnnn

Extended memory not working or not configured properly at offset

nnnn

Failing Bits:

nnnn

The hex number nnnn is a map of the bits at the RAM address (System, Extended, or Shadow memory) that failed the memory test. Each 1 in the map indicates a failed bit.

Fixed Disk 0 Failure or Fixed Disk 1 Failure or Fixed Disk Controller Failure

Fixed disk is not working or not configured properly. Check to see if fixed disk is installed properly. Run Setup to be sure the fixed-disk type is correctly identified.

Incorrect Drive A type run SETUP

Type of floppy drive for drive A: not correctly identified in Setup.

Incorrect Drive B type run SETUP

Type of floppy drive for drive B: not correctly identified in Setup.

Invalid NVRAM media type

Problem with NVRAM (CMOS) access.

Keyboard controller error

The keyboard controller failed test. Try replacing

the keyboard. Keyboard error Keyboard not working. Keyboard error nn BIOS discovered a stuck key and displays the

scan code nn for the stuck key. Monitor type does not

match CMOS - Run SETUP

Monitor type not correctly identified in Setup.

Operating system not found

Operating system cannot be located on either drive

A: or drive C:. Enter Setup and see if fixed disk

and drive A: are properly identified.

Table 6 BIOS Error Messages (continued)

Error Message Explanation

Parity Check 1 Parity error found in the system bus. BIOS

attempts to locate the address and display it on the

screen. If it cannot locate the address, it displays

????. Parity Check 2 Parity error found in the I/O bus. BIOS attempts to

locate the address and display it on the screen. If it cannot locate the address, it displays ????.

Press <F1> to resume, <F2> to Setup

Displayed after any recoverable error message. Press <F1> to start the boot process or <F2> to enter Setup and change any settings.

Real time clock error Real-time clock fails BIOS test. May require

motherboard repair.

Shadow RAM Failed at offset:

nnnn

Shadow RAM failed at offset

nnnn

of the 64 KB

block at which the error was detected.

System battery is dead – Replace and run SETUP

The CMOS clock battery indicator shows the battery is dead. Replace the battery and run Setup to reconfigure the system.

System cache error – Cache disabled

RAM cache failed the BIOS test. BIOS disabled the cache.

System CMOS checksum bad - run SETUP

System CMOS RAM has been corrupted or modified incorrectly, perhaps by an application program that changes data stored in CMOS. Run Setup and reconfigure the system either by getting the default values and/or making your own selections.

System RAM Failed at offset:

nnnn

System RAM failed at offset

nnnn

of the 64 KB

block at which the error was detected.

System timer error The timer test failed. Requires repair of system

motherboard.

BIOS Beep Codes

If a hardware problem occurs the computer may emit a number of beeps from the speaker. These are known as beep codes. The pitch and duration of the beep codes may vary but there will always be a set number of beeps. These beeps stem from the BIOS’s initial check on the system and will normally occur in the first few seconds of power on.

Beeps codes represent a terminal error. If the BIOS detects a terminal error condition, it outputs an error beep code, halts the POST, and attempts to display a port 80h code on a POST card’s LED display.

Table 7 Beep Codes

Beeps Description

1 One short beep before boot 1-2 Search for opt ion ROM’s. One long, two short beeps on

checksum failure 1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM checksum 1-3-1-1 Test DRAM refresh, problem with memory on baseboard 1-3-1-3 Test 8742 keyboard controller 1-3-4-1 Memory error at address line XXXX 1-3-4-3 RAM failure on data bits XXXX of low byte of memory bus 1-4-1-1 RAM failure on data bits XXXX of high byte of memory bus 2-1-2-3 ROM copyright notice failure 2-2-3-1 Test for unexpected interrupt

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What is the BIOS ?

The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is an important piece of software which is stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip inside the computer. It consists of the basic instructions for controlling the disk drives, hard disk, keyboard and serial/parallel ports. The BIOS also keeps a list of the specifications of the computer in battery-backed RAM (also known as the CMOS RAM) and provides a special Setup program to change this information.

The BIOS in your Viglen computer is guaranteed to be fully compatible with the IBM BIOS. Phoenix Technology Ltd., an industrial leader in the field of BIOS software, has written it.

The Power-on sequence

When the computer is first switched on, certain instructions in the BIOS are executed to test various parts of the machine. This is known as the POST (Power-On Self Test) routine. When you switch the computer on (or when you press the Reset button or press

 keys, which has the same effect) you can see on the monitor that it counts through the memory, testing it. The floppy disk drives are then accessed and tested, and the various interfaces are checked. If there are any errors, a message is displayed on the screen.

Having passed all the tests, and if you have activated the password facility, the BIOS then asks you to enter the boot password to continue. The following section describes how to do this. The BIOS then loads the operating system, either - MS DOS, Windows 95, OS/2 or NetWare, etc. - from the hard disk (or floppy disk if one is inserted in Drive A:). The computer is then ready for use.

INTEL/PHOENIX BIOS

Overview of BIOS Features

Introduction

The motherboard uses an Intel/Phoenix BIOS, which is stored in flash memory and can be upgraded using a disk-based program. In addition to the BIOS, the flash memory contains the Setup program, Power-On Self Test (POST), the PCI autoconfiguration utility, and is Windows 95-ready Plug and Play. This motherboard supports system BIOS shadowing, allowing the BIOS to execute from 64-bit onboard write-protected DRAM. The BIOS displays a message during POST identifying the type of BIOS and the revision code.

BIOS Upgrades

A new version of the BIOS can be upgraded from a diskette using the iFLASH.EXE utility that is available from Intel. This utility does BIOS upgrades as follows:

• Updates the flash BIOS from a file on a disk

• Updates the language section of the BIOS

• Makes sure that the upgrade BIOS matches the target system to prevent

accidentally installing a BIOS for a different type of system.

BIOS upgrades and the iFLASH.EXE utility may be available from your system supplier.

NOTE:

Please review the instructions distributed with the upgrade utility before attempting a BIOS upgrade.

Plug and Play: PCI Auto-configuration

The BIOS automatically configures PCI devices and Plug and Play devices. PCI devices may be onboard or add-in cards. Plug and Play devices are ISA add-in cards built to meet the Plug and Play specification. Auto-configuration lets a user insert or remove PCI or Plug and Play cards without having to configure the system. When a user turns on t he s ystem af t er ad d in g a PCI o r P lu g and P la y ca rd, th e BIO S automatically configures interrupts, the I/O space, and other system resources. Any interrupts set to Available in Setup are considered to be available for use by the addin card. PCI interrupts are distributed to available ISA interrupts that have not been assigned to an ISA card or to system resources. The assignment of PCI interrupts to ISA IRQ’s is non-deterministic. PCI devices can share an interrupt, but an ISA device cannot share an interrupt allocated to PCI or to another ISA device. Autoconfiguration information is stored in the extended system configuration data (ESCD) format.

PCI IDE Support

If Auto is selected as a primary or secondary IDE device in Setup, the BIOS automatically sets up the two local-bus IDE connectors with independent I/O channel support. The IDE interface supports hard drives up to PIO Mode 4 and recognises any ATAPI devices, including CD-ROM drives and tape drives. The BIOS determines the capabilities of each drive and configures them so as to optimise capacity and performance. To take advantage of the high-capacity storage devices, hard drives are automatically configured for logical block addressing (LBA) and to PIO Mode 3 or 4, depending on the capability of the drive. To override the autoconfiguration options, use the specific IDE device options in Setup. The ATAPI specification recommends that ATAPI devices be configured as shown in Table 8.

Table 8 Recommendations for Configuring an ATAPI Device

Primary Cable Secondary

Cable

Configuration Drive 0 Drive 1 Drive 0 Drive 1

Normal, no ATAPI ATA Disk and CD-ROM for enhanced

IDE systems

ATA ATAPI

Legacy IDE system with only one cable

ATA ATAPI

Enhanced IDE with a tape and CDROM or two CD-ROMs

ATA ATAPI ATAPI

ISA Plug and Play

If Plug and Play operating system is selected in Setup, the BIOS auto-configures only ISA Plug and Play cards that are required for booting (IPL devices). If Plug and Play operating system is not selected in Setup, the BIOS auto-configures all Plug and Play ISA cards.

Desktop Management Interface (DMI)

Desktop Management Interface (DMI) is an interface for managing computers in an enterprise environment. The main component of DMI is the management information format (MIF) database, which contains information about the computing system and its components. Using DMI, a system administrator can obtain the system types, capabilities, operational status, and installation dates for system components. The MIF database defines the data and provides the method for accessing this information. The BIOS enables applications such as Intel LANDesk® Server Manager to use DMI. The BIOS stores and reports the following DMI information:

• BIOS data, such as the BIOS revision level

• Fixed-system data, such as peripherals, serial numbers, and asset tags

• Resource data, such as memory size, cache size, and processor speed

• Dynamic data, such as event detection and error logging

Language Support

The Setup program and help messages can be supported in 32 languages. The default language is American English, which is present unless another language is programmed into the BIOS using the flash memory update utility.

Boot Options

In the Setup program, the user can choose to boot from a floppy drive, hard drive, CD-ROM, or the network. The default setting is for the floppy drive to be the primary boot device and the hard drive to be the secondary boot device. Booting from CD-ROM is supported in compliance to the El Torito bootable CD-ROM format specification. Under the Boot menu in the Setup program, CD-ROM is listed as a boot device. Boot devices are defined in priority order. A network can be selected as a boot device, this allows booting from a network add-in card with a remote boot ROM installed

OEM Logo or Scan Area

A 4KB flash-memory user area at memory location FFFF8000h-FFFF8FFFh is for displaying a custom OEM logo during POST.

BIOS Setup Access

Access to the Setup program can be restricted using passwords. User and supervisor passwords can be set using the Security menu in Setup. The default is no passwords enabled.

Recovering BIOS Data

Some types of failure can destroy the BIOS. For example, the data can be lost if a power outage occurs while the BIOS is being updated in flash memory. The BIOS can be recovered from a diskette with recovery files using the BIOS recovery Jumper See Recovering the BIOS later in the chapter.

Configuring the Motherboard

Before You Begin

CAUTION!

• Always follow the steps in each procedure in the correct order.

• Set up a log to record information about your computer, such as model,

serial numbers, installed options, and configuration information.

•

Use an anti-static wrist strap and a conductive foam pad when working on the motherboard

WARNINGS

The procedures in this chapter assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers and with the safety practices and regulatory compliance required for using and modifying electronic equipment.

Disconnect the computer from its power source and from any telecommunications links, networks, or modems before performing any of the procedures described in this chapter. Failure to disconnect power, telecommunications links, networks, or modems before you open the computer or perform any procedures can result in personal injury or equipment damage. Some circuitry on the motherboard may continue to operate even though the front panel power button is off.

CAUTION!

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage components. Perform the procedures described in this chapter only at an ESD workstation. If such a station is not available, you can provide some ESD protection by wearing an anti-static wrist strap and attaching it to a metal part of the computer chassis.

Changing Jumper Settings

Below is a list of actions to take to change the jumper setting for the Clear CMOS option. Most of the actions below refer to all of the jumpers that you might wish to change. Any differences for the changing of each jumper are listed in a table.

Clearing the CMOS

NOTE

Clearing the CMOS will load the Manufacture default settings in to the NVRAM.

Figure 3 shows the location of the CMOS clear header on the motherboard. The jumper is usually set to pins 1-2 (Preserve contents of CMOS).

Figure 8

NOTE:

A jumper is a small plastic conductor that slips over two header pins. To change a setting, remove the jumper from the pins and slide it onto the new pins for the desired setting.

CAUTION!

To avoid bending or breaking pins, use caution when removing or installing a jumper.

This procedure assumes that the motherboard is installed in the computer and the configuration header (J2J1) has the jumper’s set to the defaults.

1. Observe the precautions in “Before You Begin”.

2. Turn off all peripheral devices connected to the computer. Turn off the computer.

3. Remove the computer cover.

Locate the Jumper header.

5. On the header (J2J1), move the first jumper to pins 2-3 as shown below to set the clear CMOS mode.

Figure 8.1

6. Replace the cover, turn on the computer, and allow it to boot.

7. Turn off the computer.

8. Remove the computer cover.

CMOS Clear Jumper

J2J1 (1-3)

1 2 3

CMOS Clear Jumper

J2J1 (1-3)

1 2 3

9. On the header (J2J1), move the first jumper back to pins 1-2 to restore normal operation as shown below.

Figure 8.2

10. Replace the cover and turn on the computer.

For all the below actions after the operation is complete replace the jumper back to its original position unless otherwise stated.

Table 9 Jumper Changes Jumper changed from factory default Users actions

Clear CMOS As listed above Clear System Password When this jumper has been set all system

passwords are cleared from the BIOS. You can then enter the BIOS and set new passwords.

Recover from corrupt boot Start the machine and insert the DISK

containing the BIOS. The system will then attempt to boot up using the BIOS on the disk. You must then upgrade the BIOS using the IFLASH.EXE program see page 74

Write Protect boot block Chang ing this jum per will allow prog r am’s

such as Virus Killers to write to the boot block. It will also allow Viruses to be put on the boot block. Use with caution.

FRB timer This operation need’s no other actions. The

system is now set to boot from the second processor if the first one fails. No need to replace jumper to its original position.

Chassis intrusion detection This operation need’s no other actions. The

system will now work with of without the case on. No need to replace jumper to its original position.

CMOS Clear Jumper

J2J1 (1-3)

1 2 3

Viglen N440BX Instruction Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual