Operation Manual
Model 2300 Series
Digital Power Analyzers
VA L HA L LA
SCIENTIFIC
Need Help? Call 800-548-9806.
www.valhallascientific.com
©2015 Valhalla Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
CERTIFICATION
______________________________________________________
Valhalla Scientific, Inc. certifies that this instrument was thoroughly
tested and inspected and found to meet published specifications when
shipped from the factory. Valhalla Scientific, Inc. further certifies that its
calibration measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and
Technology to the extent allowed by NIST's calibration facility.
WARRANTY
______________________________________________________
The warranty period for this instrument is stated on your invoice and
packing list. Please refer to these to determine appropriate warranty
dates. We will repair or replace the instrument during the warranty period
provided it is returned to Valhalla Scientific, Inc. freight prepaid. No other
warranty is expressed or implied. We are not liable for consequential damages.
Permission and a return authorization number must be obtained directly from the
factory for warranty repairs. No liability will be accepted if returned without such
permission. Due to continuing product refinement and due to possible parts
manufacturer changes, Valhalla Scientific reserves the right to change any or all
specifications without notice.
This manual covers the following Valhalla Scientific products:
Models 2300, 2301, 2300L and 2301L
TABLE OF CONTENTS
_______________________________________________________________
SECTION I: UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION
1-1 Introduction
1-2 Inspection
1-3 Initial Adjustments
1-4 Bench Use
1-5 Rack Mounting
1-6 Safety Precautions
SECTION II: SPECIFICATIONS
2-1 Voltage Specifications
2-2 Current Specifications
2-3 Power Specifications
2-4 Physical Specifications
2-5 Environmental Specifications
2-6 Miscellaneous Specifications
2-7 Performance Verification
SECTION III: AVAILABLE OPTIONS
3-1 General
3-2 Extended Current Range
3-3 Options IO-1 and IO-3
3-4 Option IOX
3-5 Option LF
3-6 Option RX7
3-7 Option TL-4
3-8 Options GP-1 and GP-2
3-9 Options HS-5 and HS-12
3-10 Option L
Figure 3-1. Option IO-1 Connections
Figure 3-2. Option IO-3 Connections
Figure 3-3. Option IOX Connections
SECTION IV: FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
4-1 General
Figure 4-1. 2300 Front Panel
SECTION V: REAR PANEL CONTROLS
5-1 General
Figure 5-1. 2300 Rear Panel
Figure 5-2. 2300 Shunt Terminals
SECTION VI: MANUAL OPERATION
6-1 General
6-2 Safety Precautions
6-3 Operation
6-4 Connections
6-5 Single-Phase Measurements
6-6 Three-Phase, Three-Wire Measurements
6-7 Three-Phase, Four-Wire Measurements
6-8 Other Applications
Figure 6-1. Single-Phase Two-wire Load Power Connections
Figure 6-2. Single-Phase Two-wire CT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-3. Single-Phase Two-wire PT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-4. Single-Phase Two-wire CT-PT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-5. Single-Phase Two-wire Source Power Connections
Figure 6-6. Single-Phase Two-wire CT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-7. Single-Phase Two-wire PT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-8. Single-Phase Two-wire CT-PT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-9. Three-phase Three-wire Load Power Connections
Figure 6-10. Three-phase Three-wire CT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-11. Three-phase Three-wire PT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-12. Three-phase Three-wire CT-PT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-13. Three-phase Three-wire Source Power Connections
Figure 6-14. Three-phase Three-wire CT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-15. Three-phase Three-wire PT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-16. Three-phase Three-wire CT-PT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-17. Three-phase Four-wire Load Power Connections
Figure 6-18. Three-phase Four-wire CT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-19. Three-phase Four-wire PT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-20. Three-phase Four-wire CT-PT Load Power Connections
Figure 6-21. Three-phase Four-wire Source Power Connections
Figure 6-22. Three-phase Four-wire CT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-23. Three-phase Four-wire PT Source Power Connections
Figure 6-24. Three-phase Four-wire CT-PT Source Power Connections
SECTION VII: REMOTE OPERATION
7-1 General
7-2 Definitions
7-3 Basic Description of the Bus
7-4 Universal Commands
7-5 Setting the IEEE Address
7-6 Device Dependent Commands
7-7 Commands and Examples Using HP Basic
7-8 IEEE-488 Device-Dependent Command Set Summary for 2300/01
Figure 7-1. IEEE Address Switch
SECTION VIII: CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
8-1 General
8-2 Procedure Notes
8-3 Required Test Equipment
8-4 Routine Calibration
8-5 Post-Maintenance Calibration
8-6 Option IOX Calibration
8-7 Option IO-3 Calibration
Figure 8-1. Voltage Calibration Channel A
Figure 8-2. Voltage Calibration Channel B
Figure 8-3. Voltage Calibration Channel C
Figure 8-4. Current Calibration Channel A
Figure 8-5. Current Calibration Channel B
Figure 8-6. Current Calibration Channel C
Figure 8-7. Power Calibration Channel A
Figure 8-8. Power Calibration Channel B
Figure 8-9. Power Calibration Channel C
SECTION IX: MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
9-1 General
9-2 Periodic Maintenance
9-3 Troubleshooting
SECTION X: THEORY OF OPERATION
10-1 General
10-2 Functional Descriptions
10-3 Detailed Descriptions
10-4 Models 2301, 2300L and 2301L
Figure 10-1. 2300 Block Diagram
SECTION XI: SPECIAL APPLICATION NOTES
AN101 Protecting the 2300 from Inductive Loads
Figure 1. Single-phase Inductive Load Protection (Method 1)
Figure 2. Three-phase Three-wire Inductive Load Protection (Method 1)
Figure 3. Three-phase Four-wire Inductive Load Protection (Method 1)
Figure 4. Single-phase Inductive Load Protection (Method 2)
Figure 5. Three-phase Three-wire Inductive Load Protection (Method 2)
Figure 6. Three-phase Four-wire Inductive Load Protection (Method 2)
AN102 Using Current and Potential Transformers
Figure 1. Current Transformer Connections
Figure 2. Potential Transformer Connections
Figure 3. Current Transformer/Potential Transformer Connections
AN103 Source Power Measurements
Figure 1. Load Power Connections
Figure 2. Source Power Connections
Figure 3. Lead Resistance Error Sources
Figure 4. Minimizing Error Sources
AN104 Measuring Phase Currents in 3-Wire Systems
Figure 1. Three-phase Three-wire Standard Connections
Figure 2. Alternate Three-phase Three-wire Connections
AN105 Measuring Transformer Loss with the 2300
Figure 1. Transformer Loss Connections
AN106 Measuring Power Factor and Reactive Volt Amperes
Figure 1. Watts, VA's, VAR's and PF
AN107 Minimizing Error Sources Using Three-Wire Connections
Figure 1. Three-wire Digital Power Analyzer
Figure 2. Digital Power Analyzer Error Sources
Figure 3. Error Source Reduction
Figure 4. Measuring Power Loss in Connecting Leads
AN108 Measuring Single-Phase Three-wire Power
Figure 1. Single-phase Three-wire Power
Figure 2. Single-phase Three-wire Connections
Figure 3. Alternate Single-Phase Three-wire Connections
SECTION XII: MANUAL CHANGES AND ADDENDUMS
SECTION XIII: PARTS LISTS
SECTION XIV: DRAWINGS AND SCHEMATICS
SECTION I UNPACKING & INSTALLATION
_______________________________________________________________
1-1. Introduction
The Valhalla 2300 Series of Power Analyzers
provides true RMS (AC+DC) measurements
of voltage up to 600 volts, current up to 100
amps and power up to 60 kilowatts per phase.
The maximum voltage and current input
limits may be extended through the use of
current and/or potential transformers. Nearly
every conceivable power measurement
application is discussed in later sections of
this manual.
In addition to the versatility of connections,
the 2300 Series boasts an optional computer
interface, available reduced voltage ranges for
greater resolution, high accuracy and excellent
frequency response. Recently added to the list
of options available for the Model 2301 is the
Valhalla Model 1000A High Current
Measurement System which enables the user
to directly measure up to 1000 amps of
current with many times the accuracy of a
clamp-on type current transformer. Please
refer to Section 3-2.
Read this manual thoroughly before
attempting to use the power analyzer!
Dangerous voltages are routinely present in
and connected to this instrument. This
instrument may be damaged by improper
connections to the rear input terminals.
Double check connections before applying
power.
For convenience, in future descriptions the
2300 Series of Power Analyzers will be
referred to as a "2300" unless specific
differences between models exist. In this case
the reader will be informed of any necessary
changes.
1-2. Inspection
If the shipping carton is damaged, request that
the carrier's agent be present when the unit is
unpacked. If the instrument appears damaged,
the carrier's agent should authorize repairs
before the unit is returned to the factory.
Even if the instrument appears undamaged, it
may have suffered internal damage in transit
that may not be evident until the unit is
operated or tested to verify conformance with
its specifications. If the unit fails to operate or
fails the tests of Section 2-7, notify the
carrier's agent and the nearest Valhalla Sales
Office. Retain the shipping carton for the
carrier's inspection. DO NOT return
equipment to Valhalla Scientific or any of its
sales offices prior to obtaining authorization
to do so.
1-3. Initial Adjustments
The only adjustments required prior to
operation of the 2300 are to set the rear panel
selector switch to the local AC line voltage
and to verify that the correct fuse for this
voltage is fitted. The supply voltages and
their corresponding fuses are listed below:
105 to 125 VAC, 50 to 400Hz 1 Amp Slo Blo
210 to 250 VAC, 50 to 400Hz 0.5 Amp Slo Blo
ENSURE THAT THE CORRECT LINE
VOLTAGE SELECTION IS MADE PRIOR
TO APPLYING POWER TO THE 2300!
1-4. Bench Use
The 2300 is delivered for operation in bench
use and special instructions for use in this
manner other than the procedures of Sections
4, 5 and 6 are not required.
1-5. Rack Mounting
Optional brackets are available for mounting
the 2300 in a standard 19" equipment rack.
These are listed in Section 3 of this manual.
The size and weight of the 2300 require that
the unit
should be supported on both sides along its
entire length by the use of "trays" or "slides".
If it is to be transported while mounted in a
rack then it must be supported so as to
prevent upward and downward movement.
The user should note that the specifications
for the 2300 become degraded at high
temperatures thus it is required that sufficient
room be allowed for airflow around the 2300.
This may be achieved by placing a minimum
1.75" blank panel above and below the 2300
in the rack.
If a unit placed beneath the 2300 has an
unusually hot exterior top surface and it is not
possible to alter its location, it is
recommended that an aluminum "reflector"
plate be used between this unit and the 2300.
Under no circumstances should the ambient
air temperature surrounding the 2300 be
allowed to exceed 50°C while in operation or
70°C while in storage.
1-6. Safety Precautions
The power connector is a three-contact device
and should be mated only with a three-contact
connector where the third contact provides a
continuous ground connection. A mating
power cord has been provided. If the power is
provided through an extension cable then the
ground connection must be continuous
throughout this cable.
Failure to provide a continuous ground
connection to the 2300 may render the unit
unsafe for use!
SECTION II SPECIFICATIONS
_______________________________________________________________
2-1. Voltage Specifications
The accuracy figures given below are valid for ambient temperatures between 20°C and 30°C for a
period of one year from the date of calibration following a 1 hour warm-up period.
2-1-1. Voltage Ranges and Resolutions
Models 2300L and 2301L Ranges: 5V 15V 30V 60V
Resolution: 1mV 1mV 10mV 10mV
Models 2300 and 2301 Ranges: 50V 150V 300V 600V
Resolution: 10mV 10mV 100mV 100mV
2-1-2. Voltage Accuracy and Bandwidth
For all models @ 20°C to 30°C for 1 year. True RMS, DC coupled (AC+DC)
DC and 20Hz to 5KHz: ± 0.1% of reading ± 6 digits
5 KHz to 15KHz: ± 0.5% of reading ± 6 digits
15KHz to 20KHz: ± 0.75% of reading ± 6 digits
Useable above 20KHz to 50KHz with typically an additional 1% error per 10 KHz.
2-1-3. Miscellaneous Voltage Specifications
Temperature Coefficient:
± 1/10 of accuracy specification per °C (0-19°C and 31-50°C)
Crest Factor: 50:1 at minimum input linearly decreasing to 2.5:1 at full scale
Minimum Input:
5% of range
Maximum Input:
±1500V peak
Peak Indicator:
Illuminates at 2 times range
Input Impedance:
2300L and 2301L = 100KΩ (All Ranges)
2300 and 2301 = 1MΩ (All Ranges)
2-2. Current Specifications
The accuracy figures given below are valid for ambient temperatures between 20°C and 30°C for a
period of one year from the date of calibration following a 1 hour warm-up period.
2-2-1. Current Ranges, Resolution and Bandwidth
Low Shunt Medium Shunt High Shunt
Ranges: 0.2A, 0.5A, 1A 2A, 5A, 10A 20A, 50A, 100A
Resolution: 100µA 1mA 10mA
Impedance: 100mΩ 10mΩ 1mΩ
Bandwidth: DC & 20Hz-10kHz DC & 20Hz-5kHz DC & 20Hz-1kHz
Max Input: 2A continuous 20A continuous 150A continuous
Peak Input: 100msec @5A 100msec @50A 100msec @500A
(no damage) (fused)
2-2-2. Current Accuracy
For all models @ 20°C to 30°C for 1 year. True RMS, DC coupled (AC+DC)
±0.5% of reading ±0.5% of range at DC
±0.25% of reading ±0.25% of range from 20Hz to bandwidth
2-2-3. Miscellaneous Current Specifications
Temperature Coefficient:
± 1/10 of accuracy specification per °C (0-19°C and 31-50°C)
Crest Factor: 50:1 at minimum input linearly decreasing to 2.5:1 at full scale
Minimum Input: 5% of range
Peak Indicator:
Illuminates at 2 times range
Shunt Compliance Voltage
: 100mV at full scale on highest range for shunt (1A, 10A, 100A)
2-3. Power Specifications
The accuracy figures given below are valid for ambient temperatures between 20°C and 30°C for a
period of one year from the date of calibration following a 1 hour warm-up period.
2-3-1. 2300L/2301L Single-Phase Resolution (Watts)
Range 0.2A 0.5A 1A 2A 5A 10A 20A 50A 100A
5V 1.0000 2.500 5.000 10.000 25.00 50.00 100.00 250.0 500.0
15V 3.000 7.500 15.00 30.00 75.00 150.00 300.0 750.0 1500.0
30V 6.000 15.000 30.00 60.00 150.00 300.0 600.0 1500.0 3000
60V 12.000 30.00 60.00 120.00 300.0 600.0 1200.0 3000 6000
2-3-2. 2300/2301 Single-Phase Resolution (Watts)
Range 0.2A 0.5A 1A 2A 5A 10A 20A 50A 100A
50V 10.000 25.00 50.00 100.00 250.0 500.0 1000.0 2500 5000
150V 30.00 75.00 150.00 300.0 750.0 1500.0 3000 7500 15000
300V 60.00 150.00 300.0 600.0 1500.0 3000 6000 15000 30.00KW
600V 120.00 300.0 600.0 1200.0 3000 6000 12000 30.00KW 60.00KW
2-3-3. 2300L Three-phase Three-wire Resolution (Watts)
Range 0.2A 0.5A 1A 2A 5A 10A 20A 50A 100A
5V 2.000 5.000 10.000 20.00 50.00 100.00 200.0 500.0 1000.0
15V 6.000 15.000 30.00 60.00 150.00 300.0 600.0 1500.0 3000
30V 12.000 30.00 60.00 120.00 300.0 600.0 1200.0 3000 6000
60V 24.00 60.00 120.00 240.0 600.0 1200.0 2400 6000 12000
2-3-4. 2300 Three-phase Three-wire Resolution (Watts)
Range 0.2A 0.5A 1A 2A 5A 10A 20A 50A 100A
50V 20.00 50.00 100.0 200.0 500.0 1000.0 2000 5000 10000
150V 60.00 150.00 300.0 600.0 1500.0 3000 6000 1500 30.00KW
300V 120.00 300.0 600.0 1200.0 3000 6000 12000 30.00KW 60.00KW
600V 240.0 600.0 1200.0 2400 6000 12000 24.00KW 60.00KW 120.00KW
2-3-5. 2300L Three-phase Four-wire Resolution (Watts)
0.2A 0.5A 1A 2A 5A 10A 20A 50A 100A
Range
5V 3.000 7.500 15.000 30.00 75.00 150.00 300.0 750.0 1500.0
15V 9.000 22.50 45.00 90.00 225.0 450.0 900.0 2250 4500
30V 18.000 45.00 90.00 180.00 450.0 900.0 1800.0 4500 9000
60V 36.00 90.00 180.00 360.0 900.0 1800.0 3600 9000 18000
2-3-6. 2300 Three-phase Four-wire Resolution (Watts)
Range 0.2A 0.5A 1A 2A 5A 10A 20A 50A 100A
50V 30.00 75.00 150.00 300.0 750.0 1500.0 3000 7500 15000
150V 90.00 225.0 450.0 900.0 2250 4500 9000 22.50KW 45.00KW
300V 180.00 450.0 900.0 1800.0 4500 9000 18000 45.00KW 90.00KW
600V 360.0 900.0 1800.0 3600 9000 18000 36.00KW 90.00KW 180.00KW
2-3-7. Power Accuracy and Bandwidth
For all models @ 20°C to 30°C for 1 year. True RMS, DC coupled (AC+DC)
±0.5% of watts reading ±0.5% of (volts range x amps range) at DC
±0.25% of watts reading ±0.25% of (volts rng x amps rng) throughout "Shunt Bandwidth"
Shunt Bandwidths
Low Shunt: 20Hz to 10KHz
Medium Shunt:20Hz to 5KHz
High Shunt: 20Hz to 1KHz
Temperature Coefficient: ±1/10 of range specification per °C (0-19°C and 31-50°C)
2-4. Physical Specifications
Height 7" (178mm) not including feet
Width 17" (432mm)
Depth 19.75" (490mm)
Weight 33lbs (15kg) net; 38lbs (17.5kg) shipping
2-5. Environmental Specifications
Temperature Range: Operating: 0°C to 50°C
Storage: -20°C to +75°C
Humidity: 70% RH max @ 40°C (non-condensing)
Altitude: -10,000 to +10,000 feet
Vibration:
Per MIL-T-28800C, Type III, Class 5, Style E
2-6. Miscellaneous Specifications
Settling Time:
(to within 0.1% of change)
No range change: 1.5 sec
Following range change: 5 sec
Maximum Common Mode Voltage: 1500V peak from any terminal to chassis
Power Factor Response: Zero to unity power factor, leading or lagging
Warm-up Time: 1 hour to specifications
Power: 50 to 400Hz @ 105-125VAC or 210-250VAC, 40VA max
Safety: Complies with UL1244 and IEC-348
Connections: Three sets of fully floating terminals, one for each channel
Input Configuration: Three-wire type wattmeter with three current inputs for each phase
Displays: Three simultaneous displays. One each for volts, amps, and watts.
Display Type: Red LED 4½ digits per display
Peak Overload Indication: Six LED's; one for voltage, one for current for each channel
Range Selection: Manual push-button or via Option TL-4 IEEE-488 interface
IEEE Interface (Option "TL-4"): Compliance with IEEE-488 (1978) with subsets SH1, AH1, T6, TE0,
L4, LE0, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT1, C0
2-7. Performance Verification
Verification of the performance of the Model 2300 may be performed at any time, and is especially
recommended following receipt of the unit or following transportation. Verification may be achieved
with two levels: verified as operational; verified as operational and within specifications. The
procedures for both are given below.
2-7-1. Verification of Operation
If the 2300 fails any of the tests below, employ normal troubleshooting procedures or consult the factory
for advice.
1) Ensure that the POWER switch (lower left hand corner of the front panel) of the 2300 is in the OFF
position, i.e. no yellow dot showing.
2) Ensure that the rear panel switch is set to the correct local line voltage and apply AC power to the
2300. Make no connections to the shunt input terminals under the flip lid.
3) Press the 2300 POWER switch to the ON position (yellow dot showing). The LED's on the front
panel should illuminate in the 600V, 100A and φA positions, and the displays should indicate near
zero. Wandering displays or continuous illumination of any overload indicator signifies
that a problem may exist.
4) Allow the 2300 to warm up for 5 minutes.
5) Connect the 2300 as described in Section 6-4-1 to a known resistive load, e.g. a 100-watt
incandescent light bulb. Verify that the voltage display reads the present line voltage, the current
display reads approximately 1 amp, and the power display reads approximately 100 watts. This
should be repeated for each of the 3 channels: φA, φB and φC. Note that Model 2301 has only one
channel.
After successful completion of all of the steps above, the 2300 is fully operational with no faulty parts
apparent.
2-7-2. Verification of Specification
Attempting to prove that the 2300 is performing to specification requires that the user be aware of the
following points:
1) The specifications in Section 2 are valid for reasonable use of the 2300 during the specified period of
time. If the 2300 has been transported it may have been subjected to extremes of temperature. As
with any precision equipment some change in calibration may occur due to this. This effect has
been carefully monitored by Valhalla Scientific and has been found to be small, even in extreme
cases.
2) A wattmeter calibration system is required to verify the specifications of the 2300. A source of
voltage and current in phase with each other is required to check the power accuracy. Phase shifts
between voltage and current will cause measurement errors. The calibration procedure of Section 8
may be used as a guide for verifying specifications.
3) Prior to specification verification it is recommended that the user be familiar with the manual
operation of the 2300 and allow at least one hour for the unit to warm up.
If the 2300 is found to be fully operational but not performing to specifications it is recommended that a
full calibration be performed. If this does not bring all points within specifications, contact your nearest
Valhalla Scientific Service Center before returning the unit for repair or attempting to repair the unit
yourself.
SECTION III AVAILABLE OPTIONS
_______________________________________________________________
3-1. General
The following options are available for the
2300 Series Digital Power Analyzers.
3-2. Extended Current Range
The standard 100 amp current measurement
capability of the 2300 Series of Power
Analyzers may be extended through the use of
Options I-150, I-1000 and Valhalla Model
1000A.
3-2-1. Options I-150 and I-1000
These options are 150 amp and 1000 amp
clamp-on type current transformers. Both
have 1000:1 ratios with 2% accuracies from
50Hz to 400Hz. Option I-150 accommodates
up to 0.5" diameter conductors. Option I1000 accommodates up to 2" diameter
conductors.
3-2-2. Valhalla Model 1000A
The newest addition to the list of options for
the Model 2301 Power Analyzer is the
Valhalla Model 1000A Precision High
Current Measurement System. This unique
instrument has the ability to directly measure
up to 1000 amps (AC + DC) at a basic
accuracy of ±0.02% for DC. The modular
design of the 1000A allows expandable
current capacity in increments of 300 amps,
500 amps, 700 amps and 1000 amps. The
1000A may be matched to a Model 2301 to
provide watts measurement capability. Please
contact your local Valhalla representative or
the factory for more details.
3-3. Options IO-1 and IO-3
Options IO-1 and IO-3 provide chassis ground
referenced analog outputs for watts only (IO-
1) or for watts, volts and amps (IO-3). The
outputs correspond to the data
displayed on the 2301 (or 2300)
front panel. If installed in a 2300,
the outputs represent the
displayed measurements for φA, φB, or φC.
3-3-1. Scaling
The scale factors of the analog outputs are
listed below:
Full Scale Voltage and Accuracy (1 year, 1 hr warmup)
Option IO-1
Watts: 2.5V ± 1.0% ± 15mV
Option IO-3
Watts: 5.0V ± 0.5% of output ± 10mV
Volts: 5.0V ± 0.5% of output ± 10mV
Amps: 5.0V ± 0.5% of output ± 10mV
Option IO-3
Watts: 2.5V ± 1.0% of output ± 10mV
Volts: 5.0V ± 0.5% of output ± 10mV
Amps: 5.0V ± 0.5% of output ± 10mV
(2301 or 2301L)
(2300 or 2300L)
3-3-2. Calibration
Refer to section 8-7 for the Option IO-3
calibration procedure. The analog output of
Option IO-1 has no adjustment.
3-3-3. IO-1 Connections
Watts analog data is available through a
female BNC type connector (Figure 3-1). A
mating cable, Option "CK", is available from
Valhalla Scientific, Inc.
3-3-4. IO-3 Connections
Watts, volts and amps analog data is available
through a female 6 pin DIN connector. A
mating plug is supplied with Option IO-3.
Additional plugs are available from Valhalla
Scientific under stock number 05-10514.
Connector pin assignments are shown in
Figure 3-2.
3-3-5. Drive Capability
The output impedance of Option IO-3 is 56Ω.
A maximum of ±100µA may be drawn from
each output without exceeding specified
accuracies.
3-4. Option IOX
Option IOX provides eleven simultaneous
chassis ground referenced analog outputs
corresponding to φA volts, amps, watts; φB
volts, amps, watts; φC volts, amps, watts; 3φ
3-wire total watts and 3φ 4-wire total watts.
3-4-1. Scaling and Accuracy
The scale factors and accuracies of the analog
outputs are listed below:
Full Scale Voltage and Accuracy (1 year, 1 hour warm-up)
Watts 5V ±0.5% of output ± 15mV
Volts 5V ±0.5% of output ± 15mV
Amps 5V ±0.5% of output ± 15mV
3-4-2. Calibration
Refer to Section 8-6 of this manual for the
Option IOX calibration procedure.
3-4-3. Connections
Connections to the analog outputs are made
via a rear panel mounted connector. A mating
connector is supplied with the Option IOX.
Additional connectors are available from
Valhalla Scientific under part number 05-
10248. Connector pin assignments are shown
in Figure 3-3.
3-4-4. Drive Capability
The output impedance of Option IOX is 56Ω.
A maximum of ±5mA may be drawn from
each output without exceeding the accuracy
specifications.
3-5. Option LF
This option provides extended low frequency
performance (to 2Hz) at the expense of
extended settling time. Settling time is
increased by approximately 10 to 1. Note:
When Option LF is used in conjunction
with Option TL-4, the kilowatt hour
measurement should be multiplied x2.
3-6. Option RX7
Option RX7 is a set of rack ears that allow
mounting of the 2300 in a standard 19"
equipment rack.
3-7. Option TL-4
Option TL-4 provides the 2300 with a full
talk/listen IEEE-488 digital interface. This
interface may be used for remote range
programming and for remote data acquisition.
See Section 7 for details.
3-8. Options GP-1 and GP-2
These options are IEEE-488 cables for 1
meter and 2 meter lengths respectively. These
cables may be used to connect to the interface
of Option TL-4.
3-9. Options HS-5 and HS-12
These options increase the speed at which the
2300 communicates over the IEEE-488 bus
(Section 7). A standard unit can be read at the
rate of 2.5 times per second. Option HS-5 = 5
rdgs/sec and Option HS-12 = 12.5 rdgs/sec.
3-10. Option L
This option provides greater resolution when
working with low voltages by reducing all
standard voltage ranges by a factor of 10.
Current ranges are unaffected. The voltage
ranges become: 5V, 15V, 30V, and
60V.
SECTION IV FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
_______________________________________________________________
4-1. General
This section outlines the use of each of the
front panel controls and connectors. The user
is advised to read Section 6 to obtain full
descriptions of the methods of operation of the
2300.
The paragraph numbers used in this section
correspond to the reference numbers of Figure
4-1.
4-1-1. "DISPLAY SELECTION" Section
This bank of push-buttons selects which
phase's data is displayed in the volts, amps,
and watts display windows. These buttons are
used to switch between the V-A-W data for
each individual phase. The total power in a
three-phase load can be displayed by pressing
the 3φ 3-wire or 3φ 4-wire push-buttons.
These push-buttons are not installed in the
2301/2301L single-phase instruments.
4-1-2.
"WATTS - TRUE POWER" Window
The true power is displayed in this window as
selected by the display selection pushbuttons. The units of measure are either watts
or kilowatts as indicated by the two LED
indicators.
4-1-3. "OVERLOAD" Display Window
A peak overload on any of the three voltage or
three current channels is indicated by the
LED's in this window. If an overload is
indicated, the next highest voltage or current
range should be selected. These indicators
may also alert the user to the presence of large
spikes on the input signal if the RMS value is
not out of range, but an LED is still
illuminated.
4-1-4."AMPS-TRUE RMS"
Window
The true RMS current is displayed in this
window as selected by the current range pushbuttons.
4-1-5. "IEEE-488" Window
When option TL-4 is fitted and remote
operation is selected the "REMOTE" LED in
this window will be illuminated.
4-1-6."VOLTS - TRUE RMS" Window
The true RMS voltage is displayed in this
window as selected by the voltage range pushbuttons.
4-1-7. "VOLTAGE RANGE" Section
This bank of push-buttons selects the voltage
range of the 2300. Voltage inputs greater than
the selected range may yield invalid readings.
The voltage ranges of the Model 2300L are 5,
15, 30, and 60 volts, respectively.
4-1-8. "POWER" Switch
This switch controls the power to the 2300.
When the "ON" position (depressed with the
yellow dot showing) is selected and AC
power supplied, the 2300 will be operational.
When in the "OFF" (not depressed) position
the 2300 will be unpowered.
4-1-9. "CURRENT RANGE" Section
This bank of push-buttons selects the current
range of the 2300. Current inputs higher than
the selected range limit may yield invalid
readings.
4-1-10. RUN/HOLD Push-buttons
The RUN/HOLD feature on the Model 2300
may be used to simultaneously freeze the
Volts, Amps and Watts displays. This is
accomplished by pressing the button labeled
"RUN/HOLD". A red LED indicates that the
unit is in HOLD mode. A green LED
indicates that the unit is in the RUN mode.
While in the HOLD mode, the button labeled
SAMPLE becomes active. This may be
pressed briefly to update the displays without
leaving the HOLD mode.
Note: Placing the instrument in the HOLD
mode does not affect the overload indicators.
It is possible to change ranges while in the
HOLD mode however the displays will not be
updated until either the SAMPLE button or
the RUN/HOLD button is pressed. When
using the IEEE-488 option, readings will be
held in the buffer until updated by SAMPLE
or RUN.
SECTION V REAR PANEL CONTROLS
_______________________________________________________________
5-1. General
This section outlines the functions of the rear
panel controls and connectors. The user is
advised to also refer to Sections 4 and 6 for
complete operating instructions. The
paragraph numbers used in this section
correspond to the reference numbers of
Figures 5-1 and 5-2.
5-1-1. "POWER" Connector
This is the instrument AC power connector.
Use the appropriate 3-prong cord only.
5-1-2. "FUSEHOLDER"
This contains the main AC power fuse. Fuse
values are listed on the 2300 rear panel.
5-1-3. "LINE VOLTAGE" Switch
This switch selects the instrument AC power
voltage between 115VAC or 230VAC.
5-1-4. "IO-3" Connector
This is the Option IO-3 analog output
connector (if installed).
5-1-5. "IOX OR IEEE" Connector
This is the Option IOX analog output
connector or the Option TL-4 IEEE interface
connector (if installed).
5-1-6. "IEEE ADDRESS"
Switch
This is the Option TL-4 IEEE interface
address switch. This is blank if Option IOX is
installed.
5-1-7. "φA TERMINAL CLUSTER"
These are the input terminals for channel A
(∅A).
5-1-8. "φB TERMINAL CLUSTER"
These are the input terminals for channel B
(∅B). These terminals are not installed in
Models 2301/2301L.
5-1-9. "φC TERMINAL CLUSTER"
These are the input terminals for channel C
(∅C). These terminals are not installed in
Models 2301/2301L.
Note: Instruments manufactured after 1/1/93
have a fuse installed in-line with the Low
Shunts (Ranges .2, .5, 1). This is a 5 Amp
Fast-blo fuse. If problems are observed when
using the Low Shunt, ensure that these fuses
are not blown. Replace blown fuses with the
exact replacement part only!
SECTION VI MANUAL OPERATION
_______________________________________________________________
6-1. General
The following paragraphs describe the manual
operation of the 2300 series power analyzers
and should be used along with Sections 4 and
5 for complete operating instructions. The
user is advised to fully read these sections
before attempting to operate the 2300.
Section 7 describes operation via the IEEE488 interface.
6-2. Safety Precautions
CAUTION!!
IN NORMAL USE THE TERMINALS OF
THE 2300 ARE CONNECTED TO LETHAL
VOLTAGES. DEATH MAY OCCUR ON
CONTACT!
Do not attach or remove wires without first
checking that all power sources have been
disabled. Do not open-circuit the secondary
windings of current transformers when they
are energized. Lethal potentials may exist
which can damage the transformer, the 2300,
and the operator.
6-3. Operation
The 2300 contains three independent
wattmeter channels (phases). Single-phase
power may be measured using any of the
three channels. Three simultaneous,
independent, single-phase measurements may
also be made.
When measuring three-phase power, the
number of leads connected to the load
determines how the 2300 is connected. If the
load has three-wires, the two-wattmeter
method is used to measure the total power.
The total power is the sum of the two
wattmeter readings. Phase B is
used as the reference (neutral) for
the other channels. Wattmeter channel A
measures the current in phase A and the
voltage between phase A and phase B.
Channel C measures the current in phase C
and the voltage between phase C and phase B.
Phase B is not used other than as a reference.
The 2300 sums the phase A and C power
readings when the 3φ 3-WIRE mode is
selected. The voltage and current displays are
blanked in this mode as they are invalid. The
individual line currents, line to line voltages
and phase powers can be displayed by
pressing the φA or φC push-buttons. A
complete proof of the validity of the two
wattmeter method is beyond the scope of this
manual, and may be found in a college level
electrical engineering textbook.
If the load has four-wires, all three wattmeters
must be used to measure the total power. The
total power is the sum of the three wattmeter
readings. Channel A measures the current in
phase A and the voltage between phase A and
neutral. Channels B and C similarly measure
phases B and C. The 2300 sums the phase A,
B, and C readings when the 3φ 4-WIRE mode
is selected. The voltage and current displays
are blanked in this mode as they are invalid.
The individual line voltages, currents, and
powers may be displayed by pressing the φA,
φB, or φC display selection push-buttons.
6-4. Connections
The 2300 has a separate cluster of terminals
for each of the three phases. Each channel has
three current terminals, with use determined
by the amount of current to be measured. The
three current terminals are internally
connected to the 1 ampere, 10 ampere, or 100
ampere shunts. The opposite ends of the three
shunts are connected together to the
CURRENT COMMON - VOLTS HIGH
terminal. The 2300 measures the voltage
between the CURRENT COMMON VOLTS HIGH terminal and the VOLTS
COMMON terminal on all voltage ranges.
Connections to the 2300 vary widely and most
conceivable configurations are described in
the following paragraphs. The paragraph
numbers correspond to the Figure numbers at
the end of this section. The single-phase
connections are shown using channel C of the
2300. Any of the channels, A, B, or C may be
used for single phase measurements.
6-4-1. Single-Phase Two-Wire Load
Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
1. Caution! Do not run the neutral current
through the volts common terminal. Tap off
the neutral wire to connect the volts common
terminal.
6-4-2. Single-Phase Two-Wire CT Load
Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
2. Observe the polarities of the current
transformer. The watts reading should be
multiplied by the CT ratio. Caution! Do not
run the load current through the VOLTS
COMMON terminal. Tap off the neutral wire
to connect the VOLTS COMMON terminal.
6-4-3. Single-Phase Two-Wire PT Load
Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
3. Observe the polarity of the potential
transformer. The watts reading should be
multiplied by the PT ratio. Caution! Do not
exceed the common-mode rating of the Model
2300.
6-4-4. Single-Phase Two-Wire CT-PT
Load Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown as Figure 6-
4. Observe the polarities of the current and
potential transformers. The watts reading
should be multiplied by the PT and CT ratios.
The current common terminal should be
grounded for best performance.
6-4-5. Single-Phase Two-Wire Source
Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into the load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-5. When the model 2300 is
connected in this manner, the watts reading
should be multiplied by minus one (-1).
Caution! Do not run the neutral current
through the VOLTS COMMON terminal.
Tap off the neutral wire to connect the
VOLTS COMMON terminal.
6-4-6. Single-Phase Two-Wire CT Source
Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into the load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-6. When the Model 2300 is
connected in this manner, the watts reading
should be multiplied by minus one (-1) and
the CT ratio. Observe the polarity of the
current transformer. Caution! Do not run the
neutral current through the VOLTS
COMMON terminal. Tap off the neutral wire
to connect the VOLTS COMMON terminal.
6-4-7. Single-Phase Two-Wire PT Source
Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from the source rather than the power
into the load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-7. When the Model 2300 is
connected in this manner, the watts
reading should be multiplied by
minus one (-1) and the PT ratio.
Observe the polarity of the potential
transformer. Caution! Do not exceed the
common-mode specification of the Model
2300.
6-4-8. Single-Phase Two-Wire CT-PT
Source Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into the load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-8. When the Model 2300 is
connected in this manner, the watts reading
should be multiplied by minus one (-1) and
the CT-PT ratios. Observe the polarities of
the current and potential transformers. For
best performance the CURRENT COMMON
terminal should be grounded.
6-4-9. Three-Phase Three-Wire Load
Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
9. Caution! Do not run phase B current
through the VOLTS COMMON terminals.
Tap off the phase B wire to connect the
VOLTS COMMON terminals.
6-4-10. Three-Phase Three-Wire CT
Load Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
10. Observe the polarities of the current
transformers. The watts reading should be
multiplied by the CT ratio. Caution! Do not
run the line current through the CURRENT or
VOLTS COMMON terminals.
6-4-11. Three-Phase Three-Wire PT
Load Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
11. Observe the polarities of the potential
transformers. The watts reading should be
multiplied by the PT ratio. Caution! Do not
exceed the common-mode specifications of
the Model 2300.
6-4-12. Three-Phase Three-Wire CT-
PT Load Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
12. Observe the polarities of the current and
potential transformers. The watts reading
should be multiplied by the CT-PT ratios. For
best performance ground the CURRENT
COMMON terminals.
6-4-13. Three-Phase Three-Wire Source
Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into the load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-13. When the Model 2300 is
connected in this manner, the watts reading
should be multiplied by minus one (-1).
Caution! Do not run the phase B current
through the VOLTS COMMON terminals.
Tap off the phase B wire to connect the
VOLTS COMMON terminals.
6-4-14. Three-Phase Three-Wire CT
Source Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into the load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-14. When the model 2300 is
connected in this manner, the watts reading
should be multiplied by minus one (-1) and
the CT ratio. Observe the polarity of the
current transformer. Caution! Do not run the
line current through the CURRENT or
VOLTS COMMON terminal. Tap off the line
wires to connect the CURRENT and VOLTS
COMMON terminals.
6-4-15. Three-Phase Three-Wire PT
Source Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into a load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-15. When the Model 2300
is connected in this manner, the watts
reading should be multiplied by
minus one (-1) and the PT ratio. Observe the
polarities of the potential transformers.
Caution! Do not exceed the common-mode
specifications of the Model 2300.
6-4-16. Three-Phase Three-Wire CT-
PT Source Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into a load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-16. When the Model 2300 is
connected in this manner, the watts reading
should be multiplied by minus one (-1) and
the CT-PT ratios. Observe the polarities of
the current and potential transformers. For
best performance, the CURRENT COMMON
terminals should be grounded.
6-4-17. Three-Phase Four-Wire Load
Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
17. Caution! Do not run the neutral current
through the VOLTS COMMON terminals.
Tap off the neutral wire to connect the
VOLTS COMMON terminals.
6-4-18. Three-Phase Four-Wire CT
Load Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
18. Observe the polarities of the current
transformers. The watts reading should be
multiplied by the CT ratio. Caution! Do not
run the line or neutral currents through the
CURRENT or VOLTS COMMON terminals.
6-4-19. Three-Phase Four-Wire PT
Load Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
19. Observe the polarities of the potential
transformers. The watts reading should be
multiplied by PT ratio. Caution! Do not
exceed the common mode specifications of
the Model 2300.
6-4-20. Three-phase Four-Wire CT-PT
Load Power Connections
Connect the wattmeter as shown in Figure 6-
20. Observe the polarities of the current and
potential transformers. The watts reading
should be multiplied by CT-PT ratios. For
best performance, ground the CURRENT
COMMON terminals.
6-4-21. Three-phase Four-Wire Source
Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into a load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-21. When the Model 2300 is used in
this manner, the watts reading should be
multiplied by minus one (-1). Caution! Do
not run the neutral current through the
VOLTS COMMON terminals. Tap off the
neutral wire to connect to the VOLTS
COMMON terminals.
6-4-22. Three-phase Four-Wire CT
Source Power Connections
Some applications require measuring the
power from a source rather than the power
into a load. These connections are shown in
Figure 6-22. When the Model 2300 is used in
this manner, the watts reading should be
multiplied by minus one (-1) and the CT ratio.
Observe the polarities of the current
transformers. Caution! Do not run the line
or neutral currents through the VOLTS
COMMON terminals. Tap off the line and
neutral wires to connect the VOLTS
COMMON terminals.
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