Used Agilent Agilent Used N9918A Manual

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User's Guide

Keysight FieldFox Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following models:

N9913A, N99914, N9915A, N9916A, N9917A, N9918A N9925A, N9926A, N9927A, N9928A N9935A, N9936A, N9937A, N9938A N9950A, N9951A, N9952A N9960A, N9961A, N9962A

Notices

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Trademark Acknowledgments

Bluetooth®

Manual Part Number

N9927-90001

Edition

Edition 4, December 2018

Printed in USA/Malaysia

Published by: Keysight Technologies 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS

DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial computer software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S. government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms by which the software is customarily provided to the public. Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to U.S. government customers under its standard commercial license, which is embodied in its End User License Agreement (EULA) The license set forth in the EULA represents the exclusive authority by which the U.S. government may use, modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight: (1) Furnish technical information related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation that is not customarily provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights customarily provided to the public to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in

writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR

2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and

27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR

27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A.08.18 Firmware Release (CPU1) Updates (N991xA/2xA/3xA with serial number prefixes <5607)

For customers upgrading FieldFox firmware, the following is a list of changes from the previous release:

Other updates:

— N755xA ECal support

— CAT/TDR default changed to "Cable"

—NA/CAT OSL ≥4001 points calibrations

— Normalization cal behavior

— Internet time update behavior

A.11.00 Firmware Release (CPU2) Updates (Also, applies to: N991xA/2xA/3xA units with serial number prefixes

For customers upgrading FieldFox firmware, the following is a list of changes from the previous release:

Added Over-The-Air (OTA) Mode (LTE FDD Option 370 and 5GTF Option 377:

Chapter 12, “Over–the–Air Measurements (OTA) – LTE FDD Option 370 and 5GTF Option 377 (CPU2 Only),” on page 265

≥5607

)

1. Country codes have been omitted from serial number prefixes.

Contents

1. Overview

Models and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Conventions that are used in the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Safety Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox

Check the Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Meeting Power Requirements for the AC/DC Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Install the Lithium-Ion Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Battery Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

FieldF

ox ON/OFF Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Power Button LED Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

FieldFox High Temperature Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

How to monitor the internal FieldFox temperature: . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

. . . .

Temperature Control Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

High-Temp Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

. 25

e the FieldFox Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

op Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

ght Side Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Left Side Pa S

creen Tour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

How t

o Enter Numeric Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

nel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Multiplier Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Connector Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

CAT Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

How to select CAT Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Quick Settings Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Scale Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

eraging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

. . .

. 49

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 7

Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Single or Continuous Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Resolution (Number of Data Points) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Output Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Interference Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Coupled Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Return Loss Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

How to Measure Return Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

2 3

1-Port Cable Loss Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to make a 1-port Cable Loss Measurement . .

2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements . . . . . . . . .

4. DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

How to make DTF Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

DTF Measurement Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

DTF Settings Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

F Measurement (Format) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

DTF Start and Stop Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Couple

d Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Cable (Correction) Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Window Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

F Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Calculated DTF values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

About Alias Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

5. TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

TDR Measurement Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

TDR Measurement (Format) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

TDR Settings Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

TDR S

tart and Stop Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

TDR Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Cable (

Correction) Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Window Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

TDR Units. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Calculated TDR values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

About Alias Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

How t

o Prevent Undersampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

6. NA (Network Analyzer) Mode

8 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

NA Mode Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

About S-parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Mixed-Mode S-Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Parameter Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Receiver Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Multi-Trace Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Quick Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calibration Se

ttings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

requency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Scale Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Magnitude O

ffset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Electrical Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Phase Offset . Av

eraging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

IF Bandwidth. Smoothing Single

or Continuous Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Resolution (Number of Data Points) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Output P

ower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

System Impedance (Z0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Port Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Velocity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Big Mark

er Display States (A and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Increase Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

7. Time Domain – Option 010

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Time Domain (Transform) Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Transform Settings Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Start/Stop (Frequency Range) and Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Stimulus (Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Set Frequency Lowpass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Start/Stop Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Distance Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Window Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Transform Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Line Loss and Velocity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Data Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ace Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 9

116 117

Transform Enable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

Gate Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

Gating .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to make Time Domain Gating settings . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Start, Stop, Center, and Span Gate Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Gating Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

8. Calibration for NA, CAT, and VVM Modes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Why and When to Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

CalR

eady . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

How t

o Perform a Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

QuickCal (N991xA/2xA/3xA Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Mechanical Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

ECal .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Simple Response Cals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

View Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

Calibration T Isolatio W

aveguide Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

ype. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

n Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

Enhanced Response Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Interpolation * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Cal ON ?

– Questionable Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Compatible Mode Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Save the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

CalReady Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Verifying Calibration and Jumper Cable Integrity. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

. . . .

Verify a Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

st the Jumper Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

.118

130

Calibration Method Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

9. SA (Spectrum Analyzer) Mode

SA Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

How to select SA Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Radio Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Custom Ra

dio Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

Reverse Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

ale and Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Exte

rnal Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

10 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Attenuation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Preamplifier Control (Opt 235) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Check for Compressed Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Field Strength Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Using the Antenna/Cable Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Source Tracking Offset and Offset Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Tune & Listen (AM/FM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Independent Source/Tracking Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Resolution Bandwidth (Res BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Video Bandwidth (Video BW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Sweep Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IF Output. . S

weep Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

166

Very Long Sweep Times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Zero Span Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

FFT Gating (Opt 238)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Single / Continuous / Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

race Display States (SA Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Average Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Average Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Dete

ction Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Display Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Nois

e Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Band/Interval Power Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Frequency Counter at Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Time Zero Fixed Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Audio Beep at Marker Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Meas UNCAL Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Old Data Indicator (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Channel Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Radio Standards and Channel Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Measurement Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Channel P

10. RTSA (Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer) Mode—Option 350 (CPU2 Only)

ower (CHP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

. 193

RTSA Mode Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

How to select RTSA Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 11

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

Scale and Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208

Exte

rnal Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Attenuati

on Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

Preamplifier Control (Opt 235) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

Check for Compressed Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

Spectrum Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

Resolution Bandwidth (Res BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214

Triggering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

/ Continuous / Restart / Time Per Div . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Single

. .215

Acq Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

oints (not user settable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Trace Display States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220

Detection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Average Count, Show Density, Blue, and Red Percentage Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Display Line

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223

.223

Spectr

ogram Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225

Spectrogram Di

splay (RTSA Option). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225

Common Settings for Spectrogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

Record/Playback (RTSA Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

About Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ox Setting Changes during Record and Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

FieldF

About State and User Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

How to Record a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

How to Playback a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Recording Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Record Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Playback Configurati

on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Manage Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Record Playback Example (RTSA Mode Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

11. IQ Analyzer (IQA) – Option 351 (CPU2 Only)

About I/Q Analyzer (IQA) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

I/Q Analyzer (IQA) Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

How to Make Measurements Using the I/Q Analyzer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

How to Capture I/Q Data to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

How to modify the I/Q data measurement parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Using Markers (IQA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

se Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Noi Band/Interval P

ower Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

227

233

.256

12 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Band Span Marker (Spectrum Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Interval Span Marker (Waveform Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Coupled Markers (Waveform Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Continuous Peak Search Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trace Display States (IQA Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

How to display the Trace States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

12. Over–the–Air Measurements (OTA) – LTE FDD Option 370 and 5GTF Option 377 (CPU2 Only)

Using OTA (Options 370 – LTE FDD and 377 – 5GTF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

About Over–the–Air (OTA) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

LTE FDD Features (Option 370) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

5GTF Features (Option 377) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

How to Set Up Over–the–Air (OTA) Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

OTA Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Optional: Using RTSA to verify the signal qualit

y (Requir

es Option 350 and Preamp Option

235). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to Define a Cell or Cell(s) and Use OTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

How to Record/Playback (OTA Options 370 and 377) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Screen Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

How to Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

To change Recording Configuration settings: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

How to Playback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

. . .

261

283

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

eshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

roubl

Glossary (OTA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

13. Remote Server Mode (Requires CPU2 and SA Hardware/SA Option 233)

In this Chapter: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Connecting Using Remote Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

89600 VSA Software Overview (Requires CPU2 and N991xA/3x/A5x/A6xA and SA Option 233) 305

14. Interference Analyzer (SA Mode) – Option 236

Spectrogram and Waterfall Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Spectrogram Display (SA Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Common Settings for Waterfall and Spectrogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Waterfall Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Record/Playback (SA Option). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

About Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 13

FieldFox Setting Changes during Record and Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

About State and User Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

How to Record a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

How to Playback a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

Recording Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

Frequency Mask Trigger Configuration (SA Mode Only) . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

. . . .

Record Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320

Playback Configurati

on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

Manage Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

Record Playback Example (SA Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322

15. Reflection Mode (SA Models) - Option 320

Reflection Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

How to select Reflection Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

Measurement Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

Normalize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

16. Built-in Power Meter Mode – Option 310

Built-in Power Meter Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333

How to select Built-in Power Meter Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333

Frequency/ Span / Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333

Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334

17. Power Meter (USB) Mode - Option 302

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

Supported Power Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

How to Connect the Power Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

USB Power Meter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

How to select Power Meter Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Average / Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Zer

oing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

requency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340

ource Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340

lative and Offset Power Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

esolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

eraging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343

Single

or Continuous Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343

Step Detection Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18. Frequency Offset Using Power Sensor (FOPS) – Option 208

344

14 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

FOPS Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

How to select Power Meter (USB Sensor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Sweep Type and Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Power Sensor Settling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Sweep Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Amplitude Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Trace Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19. Pulse Measurements Mode – Option 330

Supported Power Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Switching between Pulse Measurement Mode and Power Meter Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

How to Connect the Power Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Pulse Measurement Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

How to select Pulse Measurement Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Frequency / Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Zoom Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

eraging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

deo Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Single or Continuous Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

riggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Mark

er Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Amplitude Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Marker Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Auto Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Pulse To Gri

p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trace Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

353

. . 360

368

20. VVM (Vector Voltmeter) Mode - Option 308

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

VVM Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

How to select VVM Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Frequency Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Display Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

IF Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Output Po

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 15

wer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

375

Averaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376

Single or Continuous Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

VVM Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

Zer

oing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

1-P

ort Cable Trimming Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379

How to make a 1-Port Cable Trimming Measurement . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379

. . . .

2-Port Transmission Measurements . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

How to make a 2-Port Transmission Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

A/B and B/A Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383

21. ERTA (Extended Range Transmission Analysis) Mode - Option 209

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386

Requirements and Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Limitations . .

Start Connection Wizar

On the Receiv

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388

er unit:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

Configure Measurement Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392

Select Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392

Normalize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

ource Tracking Offset and Offset Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

Improve Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

Source Enable and Source Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

22. AM/FM Metrics (SA Only and Option 355)

Using AM/FM Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

Overview of Measurement Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

How to Set Up AM/FM Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398

SINAD and THD Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402

Int

eting AM/FM Metrics Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405

erpr

Test Tone Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405

23. Channel Scanner (Option 312)

Using Channel Scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409

How to Set Up Channel Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

How to Define a Channel and Use Channel Scanner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412

Field Strength Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424

Using the Antenna/Cable Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

24. Noise Figure Mode (Option 356 – CPU2 Only)

Using Noise Figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

16 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

How to Define a Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Example: Typical Noise Figure Measurement Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Overview of Softkey Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

How to Use DUT Measurement Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Single / Continuous / Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

esolution Bandwidth (Res BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

. . 460

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Calc

ulating Noise Figure Measurement Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Using ENR Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

About ENR (*.enr), Preamplifier (*.amp), and DUT (*.dut) Files

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Using Markers (Noise Figure). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Calibration Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When t

o Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

. 471

How to use Auto-Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

About Auto-Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Auto-Integration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

eshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

roubl

25. Data Analysis Features

All about Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

How to create Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

How to move a Marker after it is created. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

About Delta Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Signal Track Marker (NF and SA Mode ONLY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

Marker Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Couple

d Markers (NA Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Marker Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Marker Trace (CAT, NA, NF Modes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Marker Trace (IQA and SA Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Marker Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Searching with Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

What Is a ‘Peak’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

Marker Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

I/Q Analyzer (IQA) Marker Functions . . .

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

SA Marker Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

All about Limit Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o Create Fixed Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

How t

Relative Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

Build From Trace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

486

. 499

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 17

Limit Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501

How to Save and Recall Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502

Display Line (I/Q, NF, and SA Modes Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503

All about Trace Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o display data and memory traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504

How t

How to perform Trace Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504

About Math Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505

.504

All about Scale Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506

How to Use Scale Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506

Averaging (CAT, NA, Power Meter, Channel Scanner,

and Pulse Measurement Modes Only)

507

26. System Settings

Run/Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

How to perform a single sweep while in Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

How to Preset the FieldFox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511

User Preset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to set User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511

How to recall User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512

Audio (Volume) Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to

set the FieldFox Volume Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512

Display (Settings). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Display Brightness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

Display Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

ace Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514

Title

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Edit Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515

ll Screen Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515

. .511

. . .

511

512

513

514

Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

515

Quick Settings Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515

Save and Reset Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

Global Settings (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517

Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

.519

Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520

Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521

GPS – Distance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521

How to select CAT distance units:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521

File folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

.522

How to set File Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522

18 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Alpha Numeric Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

File Saving Naming Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

CAT (Distance Units). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

CAT/NA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

System Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

Options (Licensing). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

requency Reference Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

Variable Voltage Source (Opt. 309) . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

. . 526

Security Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Date

and Time, Format, and Time Zone Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

LAN Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

wer ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

FieldF

ox Package Installer (N995xA, N996xA, and applies to

serial number prefixes ≥5607) .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

: N991xA/2xA/3xA units with

Service Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

ystem Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

27. Using the Mini-USB Port to send SCPI Commands and Queries (N995xA/6xA and applies to: N991xA/2xA/3xA units with serial number prefixes ≥5607)

Mini-USB Connection to PC with IO Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

28. File Management

Saving and Recalling Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Save Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

ecall Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Mov

e (Copy) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Set File Type and Select Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Manage Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Manage Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Edit Keywords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Prefixes and Suffixes for Filenames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Press Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to print the current screen or a saved file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

29. Working with the Lithium-Ion Battery

Viewing the Battery Charge Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Service Diagnostics—Battery Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Built-In Battery Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

. . .

558

Charging the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 19

Internal Charging with the AC/DC Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561

Using the External Battery Charger (N9910X–872) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563

Reconditioning Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

564

Battery Car

e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

Maximizing Battery Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

Lithium-Ion Battery Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565

30. Safety Considerations

For the FieldFox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568

For the AC/DC Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570

For the External Battery Charger (N9910X-872) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

For the Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

Battery Protective Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .573

Active Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Passive Pr

otection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574

Batteries: Safe Handling and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574

Enviro

nmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574

Electrical Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

FieldFox Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576

Battery Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577

573

Packaging Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579

AC/DC Adapter Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579

Certification and Compliance Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580

Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manufa

cturer’s Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580

Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580

EMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581

Safet

y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Korean Class B EMC Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581

Acoustic Statement (European Machinery Directiv

e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581

A:.Connector Care Review

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585

B:.Specifications/Data Sheet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588

C:.Instrument Calibration

.580

581

20 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

How Often Should Calibrate My Instrument? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

How do I Get an Instrument Calibration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

What Are My Choices of Instrument Calibration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

D:.Korean Battery Safety Translation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

E:. Keysight Software End-User Licensing Agreement (EULA)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 21

22 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxA User’s Guide

1Overview

Models and Options

Table 1-1 Models

Model Max Freq

(GHz)

N9913A 4 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9914A 6.5 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9915A 9 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9916A 14 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9917A 18 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9918A 26.5 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9925A 9 Vector Network Analyzer

N9926A 14 Vector Network Analyzer

N9927A 18 Vector Network Analyzer

N9928A 26.5 Vector Network Analyzer

N9935A 9 Spectrum Analyzer

N9936A 14 Spectrum Analyzer

N9937A 18 Spectrum Analyzer

Description

N9938A 26.5 Spectrum Analyzer

N9950A 32 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9951A 44 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9952A 50 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9960A 32 Spectrum Analyzer

N9961A 44 Spectrum Analyzer

N9962A 50 Spectrum Analyzer

Minimum Frequency: 30 kHz for all models

Accessories

Overview Accessories

FieldFox Options: For a comprehensive list, view the FieldFox Configuration Guide at: http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5990-9836EN.pdf

The following accessories are included with every FieldFox. Spare accessories can be ordered at any time. Refer to Table 1-2. Some of the optional ~accessories—not included unless requested—are listed in Table 1-3.

Table 1-2 Accessories

Accessory Part Number

N9910X–873

N9910X–870 Lithium-Ion Battery

N9910X–877

N9910X–880 Soft-case w/ Backpack & Shoulder Strap

N9910X–890 User’s Guide (printed copy)

N9910X–891 Quick Reference Guide (printed copy)

a. Depending on your region, the FieldFox comes with either a

N9910X-873 AC/DC adapter or a N9910X-877 AC/DC adapter.

Description

AC/DC Adapter (except for US/Canada)

AC/DC Adapter for US / Canada only

Optional Accessories

Table 1-3 Optional Accessories (partial list)

Optional Accessory Part Number

N9910X-872 External battery charger

Description

N9910X–876 17 mm torque wrench

Although not supplied, a USB keyboard and mouse CAN be used with the FieldFox.

24 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Overview FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

The following manuals and software are available for the FieldFox.

— User’s Guide –This manual, included with shipment.

— Quick Reference Guide – Printed copy with laminated pages for outdoor

use included with shipment.

— Supplemental Online Help - Concepts and Reference information.

— FieldFox Data Link Software and Help – Free download. Includes help on

editing calibration kits and cable files.

— Service Guide – Free download.

— Firmware Updates –

Check to see if you have the latest FieldFox firmware.

Conventions that are used in the Manual

— Hardkey indicates a front panel button. The functionality of these buttons

does not change.

The six Softkey menus change dynamically and follow these color conventions:

— Softkey

Blue indicates an available setting.

Green indicates a change in menu level when selected.

Black indicates the default or selected setting.

Yellow indicates an active entry in process.

Grey indicates a key that is NOT available.

Safety Notes

The following safety notes are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with each of the notes and its meaning before operating this instrument. More pertinent safety notes for using this product are located in

Chapter 30, “Safety Considerations”, on page 567.

Denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 25

Overview FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

Denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

26 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxA User’s Guide

2 Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox

Check the Shipment

When you receive your FieldFox, check the shipment according to the following procedure:

1. Inspect the shipping container for damage. Signs of damage may include

a dented or torn shipping container or cushioning material that indicates signs of unusual stress or compacting. If not damaged, save the packaging material in case the FieldFox needs to be returned

2. Carefully remove the contents from the shipping container, and verify that

the standard accessories and your ordered options are included in the shipment according to the Box Contents List

3. For any question or problems, refer to “Contacting Keysight” on page 5

Meeting Power Requirements for the AC/DC Adapter

Voltage: 100 VAC to 250 VAC

Frequency: 50 Hz to 60 Hz

Current: 1.25 A (100 VAC) to 0.56 A (250 VAC

The AC/DC adapter supplied with the analyzer is equipped with a three-wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards. The power cable appropriate to the original product shipping location is included with the FieldFox.

Various AC power cables are available from Keysight that are unique to specific geographic areas. You can order additional AC power cables that are correct for use in different ar

eas.

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Install the Lithium-Ion Battery

Install the Lithium-Ion Battery

Step Notes

1. Open the battery door Push the button on the battery compartment door while sliding the

2. Insert the battery. The terminals end of the battery is inserted into the compartment.

3. Close the battery door. Slide the battery compartment door upwards until it latches.

Battery Usage

When you receive your FieldFox, the lithium-ion battery is not installed, and it is partially charged to approximately 30% to preserve battery life. A lithium-ion battery has no memory effect, so it can be used partially charged, as shipped.

A fully charged battery will power your FieldFox for about four hours, so if you plan to use it for this long, you should fully charge the battery.

The FieldFox will shut down to prevent the battery from discharging to a level that is damaging. If this occurs, charge the battery either internally or externally.

Learn more about the lithium-ion battery in Chapter 29, “Working with the

Lithium-Ion Battery”, on page 559.

Battery charge status is viewable:

door outward.

— In the upper-right corner of the screen.

— On the Battery screen. To access the screen, select System

Diagnostics, and Battery.

28 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

, Service

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox ON/OFF Settings

— On the battery. Open the FieldFox battery compartment door to view the

battery LCD.

To conserve battery power:

—Use Run/Hold to single-trigger a measurement when needed. Hold is

shown on the display.

—Press System

rotary knob, or numeric keypad to adjust the brightness to dim the FieldFox display as much as possible.

— Briefly press the power button > Standby, to switch to Standby mode when

the FieldFox is not being used. current settings are preserved.

When powered by the battery only, the FieldFox can stay in Standby mode for a maximum of four hours and then it powers off automatically. When the relative battery charge drops by about 20%, the FieldFox will power off to preserve the remaining charge.

then Display then Brightness. Use the arrows, the

Press power button again to restore power. All

To recharge a battery:

Use ONLY a FieldFox charger to recharge a battery.

— The battery can be fully charged while in the FieldFox in about 4 hours with

the FieldFox either ON or OFF.

— The battery can be fully charged externally using the external battery

charger in about 4 hours.

— When the battery is removed, the FieldFox can still be powered by the

AC/DC adapter.

FieldFox ON/OFF Settings

The FieldFox power button shut down/standby sequence includes a 10 second counter that allows you to either choose a softkey to immediately initiate the action counter expire after 10 seconds then perform the action. *Restart can only be enabled via the Restart softkey.

—To turn power ON, briefly press the power button. Boot-up takes about 1

minute.

—To switch to Standby mode (low battery drain), briefly press the power

button. See the Note above concerning Stand By.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 29

(Standby / Shut down / Restart*), or to let the countdown

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

—To turn Power OFF (very low battery drain), press the power button briefly

and press the Shutdown softkey. Data and instrument state are NOT automatically saved when the FieldFox is powered OFF. Learn how to save data and instrument state in Chapter 28, “File Management”, on page 543. See the Note above concerning Shut down.

— To restart FieldFox, press the power button and press Restart

above concerning Restart.

—Press Cancel

to exit the power down sequence.

— You can also access the power down softkey menu choices (Standby

down, Restart, and Cancel) by using the Mode hardkey:

—Press Mode

—Then More

—Then Shut down

— You can make a setting to automatically Power ON the FieldFox when a

power source is connected. Learn how on “Power ON” on page 536.

Power Button LED Status

Solid green Power is ON

Blinking green FieldFox in Stand By mode

Blinking amber

Blinking amber and green Stand By mode and battery charging

. See the Note

, Shut

Battery charging when the FieldFox power is off

Not lit Power is Off and battery is not charging

a. LED showing a repeating ramping-up of the intensity of the LED to indicate the

battery is charging.

FieldFox High Temperature Protection

The following features prevent degradation or damage in the event of high internal temperatures in the FieldFox.

Do NOT store the FieldFox in the soft-case while powered ON or in Standby mode.

How to monitor the internal FieldFox temperature:

—Press System, then Service Diagnostics.

—Then Internal Temperatures

30 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

— The temperature at which the following events occur is the average of the

RF1, RF2, SB1, SB2 temperatures. These temperatures come from internal sensors embedded within FieldFox.

Temperature Control Mode

The FieldFox’s internal temperature control preserves measurement accuracy and maintains the long-term reliability of the FieldFox. See also, “High-Temp

Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only)” on page 33.

Measurement speed specifications do NOT apply in Temperature Control Mode.

Entering Temperature Control Mode

At an average internal temperature of above approximately 64°C, the FieldFox enters Temperature Control mode by reducing display intensity. This should decrease the internal temperature which preserves measurement accuracy and maintains the long-term reliability of the FieldFox. Refer to Figure 2-1.

In addition, duty cycling is enabled when the internal average temperature of the FieldFox reaches the duty cycling threshold of above ~64°C. All applications (except RTSA): Power for internal circuitry is turned off between sweeps and delaying occurs for the next sweep. In RTSA mode, power is only turned off, if the FieldFox is in Single Sweep or Hold.

All applications (including RTSA): Display dims to 40% at ~64°C.

For all modes, except RTSA mode, you will see the following messages displayed for ~3 seconds:

"Automatic Meas Duty Cycling activated for thermal management"

Later if the temperatures are reduced:

"Temperatures reduced, ending Automatic Meas Duty Cycling"

For RTSA mode (where duty cycling is not possible), you will see the following messages displayed for ~3 seconds:

"Entering Auto Protect mode for thermal management"

Later if the temperatures are reduced:

"Temperatures reduced, exiting Automatic Protect Mode"

Entering Auto Protect (Maximum) Threshold Temperature Mode

At above approximately 75°C, the FieldFox enters (Maximum) Auto Protect temperature control mode by displaying the "Entering Auto Protect mode...". See also Table 2-1 on page 34.

When you enter the Auto Protect (Maximum) Threshold, the following message is displayed:

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 31

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

"Entering Maximum Auto Protect mode for thermal management"

When temperature reaches the maximum protection threshold (~75°C), some applications take additional measures.

Figure 2-1 Entering Auto Protect mode message (above ~64°C)—(Displays for 3 sec)

Exiting Maximum Auto Protect Threshold Temperature Mode

When the temperature drops to approximately 73.5°C, a message is displayed indicating that the FieldFox is leaving Temperature Control Mode and normal operating settings are restored (refer to Figure 2-2). See also, Table 2-1 on

page 34.

When you exit the Auto Protect (Maximum) Threshold control mode, the following message is displayed:

"Temperatures reduced, exiting Maximum Auto Protect mode"

Figure 2-2 Exiting Maximum Auto Protect mode message—(~62.5°C)

32 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

High-Temp Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only)

In extreme situations, Temperature Control mode may not stop an increase in the FieldFox internal temperature. Just prior to shut down, the FieldFox will display a warning of imminent shut down and the instrument turns off. At above approximately 77°C, a Maximum Auto Protect message—(Top "WARNING..." message) displays for 9 sec. Red text at left bottom corner of display remains on until internal temperature returns to ~75.5°C. At above ~78°C, High-Temperature Shut down will engage and turn OFF the FieldFox. Refer to Figure 2-3. See also, Table 2-1 on page 34.

Figure 2-3 Shutdown Warning message—(above ~77°C) - (RTSA Mode Only!)

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 33

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox

Summary of FieldFox Average Internal Temperature Protection Behavior

Table 2-1 Summary of FieldFox Temperature Protection

Threshold Average Internal

Tem pera ture

Duty cycling ~64°C Duty cycling is enabled when the internal average temperature of the

Maximum Protect (Initial) ~75°C When temperature reaches the maximum protection threshold

1 degree below shutdown (RTSA Mode Only)

Shutdown ~78°C Instrument shuts down.

Exit Duty Cycle ~62.5°C The temperature required to come out of the duty cycle threshold.

~77°C RTSA Shutdown Warning (~77°C) — (Top "WARNING..." message

Description of Behavior

FieldFox reaches the duty cycling threshold of ~64°C. Power is turned off between sweeps and delaying occurs for the next sweep.

In RTSA mode power is only turned off in Single Sweep or Hold. This enables you to control your instrument’s temperature when you don’t need to make a measurement by using the "Run/Hold" hardkey to pause the sweep.

All applications (including RTSA): Display dims to 40% at ~64°C.

(~75°C) some applications take additional measures.

displays for 9 sec). Red text at bottom of display remains on until internal temperature returns to ~75.5°C. Refer to Figure 2-3 on

page 33.

Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox

The FieldFox can be damaged with too much power or voltage applied. Exceeding the maximum RF power levels shown below will cause an ADC Over Range message to appear on the screen.

Maximum Input Voltages and Power:

— RF IN/OUT Connectors: ±50 VDC, +27 dBm RF

— DC Input: -19 to 19 VDC, 60 Watts maximum when charging battery

Learn more about Maximum power and voltages in the FieldFox Data Sheet.

Very often, coaxial cables and antennas build up a static charge, which, if allowed to discharge by connecting to the FieldFox, may damage the instrument input circuitry. To avoid such damage, it is recommended to dissipate any static charges by temporarily attaching a short to the cable or antenna prior to attaching to the FieldFox.

34 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Take the FieldFox Tour

Front Panel

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 35

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

No. Caption Description Learn

1 Power ON: press momentarily.

STAND BY: with FieldFox power ON, press briefly.

OFF: press and hold until the FieldFox shuts off (about 4 seconds).

2 LED Not lit: FieldFox OFF, not charging

Green: FieldFox ON. Charging status indicated by battery icon on screen

Orange, flashing: FieldFox STAND BY

Orange, intensity increasing, flashing slowly: FieldFox OFF, charging

System

4 Function keys

Displays a sub-menu for system setup “System

Includes: Freq/Dist, Scale/Amptd, BW, Sweep, Trace, Meas

Setup, Measure, and Mode.

Preset

Returns the analyzer to a known state “How to

“FieldFox ON/OFF Settings” on page 29

“Power Button LED Status” on page 30

Settings” on page 509

Refer to specific Mode.

Preset the FieldFox” on page 511

Enter

Marker

Mkr-->Tools

Esc

Save/Recall

Confirms a parameter selection or configuration --

Activates marker function “All about

Markers” on page 484

Displays a sub-menu for marker functions “All about

Markers” on page 484

Exits and closes the Active Entry dialog box or clears the character input --

Saves the current trace or recalls saved data from memory “Saving

and Recalling Files” on page 544

36 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

No. Caption Description Learn

Limit

Run/Hold

Cal

14 Arrow keys Increases or decreases a value or setting. --

15 Returns to the previous menu selection. --

16 Rotary knob Highlights an item for selection, or enables incremental changes to values. --

17 Softkeys Allows selection of settings for configuring and performing measurements, and

Sets limit lines for quick Pass/Fail judgment “All about

Limit Lines” on page 499

Toggles between free Run and Hold/Single operation. “Run/Hol

d” on page 510

Displays a sub-menu for calibration functions “Calibrati

on Method Summary ” on page 143

for other FieldFox functions.

18 Screen Transflective screen, viewable under all lighting conditions. If you are using your

FieldFox in direct sunlight, you do not need to shield the display from the sunlight. In bright lighting conditions, the display is brighter and easier to read when you allow light to fall directly on the screen. Alternative color modes exist that maximize viewing in direct sunlight conditions, as well as other conditions such as nighttime work.

Clean the Transflective screen with gentle and minimal wiping using Isopropyl alcohol applied to a lint-free cloth.

“Screen Tour” on page 41

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 37

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Top Panel

Caption Descriptions Learn More:

Port 1 RF Output

Port 2 SA RF Input

GPS Ant SMA (f) connector for use with built-in GPS. Produces a 3.3 VDC bias

Ref In Trig In

For CAT and NA measurements, use to make reflection measurements. Maximum: ±50 VDC, +27 dBm RF

Also, for SA source output in SA mode.

For SA, use to make all measurements.

For CAT, NA, and VVM mode, use to make Port 2 transmission measurements.

Maximum: ±50 VDC, +27 dBm RF.

voltage for the antenna pre-amplifier. Use with a GPS antenna such as N9910X-825. Other GPS antennas can also be used.

SMA (f) connector for use with Frequency Reference Source and External Trigger Input signal.

Maximum: 5.5 VDC.

Right Side Panel

“CAT Mode Settings” on page 47 “NA Mode Settings” on page 87 Chapter 9, “SA (Spectrum Analyzer) Mode”, on page 145

“SA Mode Settings” on page 148

“GPS” on page 526

“Frequency Reference Source” on page 530. “Triggering” on page 171

Connector Description Learn More:

Ethernet cable connector to read trace data using the FieldFox Data Link Software and connect to the FieldFox remotely.

38 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

“LAN Settings” on page 535

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Connector Description Learn More:

IF Out used in SA mode for external signal processing. “IF Output” on

page 167

Frequency Reference Source Output

Trigger Output (ERTA mode).

Secure Digital slot. Use to extend the memory of the FieldFox. “Saving and Recalling

On the N995xA/6xA (Also, applies to: N991xA/2xA/3xA units with serial number prefixes ≥5607) models, the mini-USB port can be connected to your PC’s standard USB port to send SCPI commands.

IMPORTANT! It is recommended that only USB

certified cables are used with the FieldFox.

Two standard USB connectors used to connect a power sensor for Power Meter Mode. Also used to save files to a USB flash drive.

Chapter 21, “ERTA (Extended Range Transmission Analysis) Mode - Option 209”, on page 385

Files” on page 544

Chapter 27, “Using the Mini-USB Port to send SCPI Commands and Queries (N995xA/6xA and applies to: N991xA/2xA/3xA units with serial number prefixes ≥5607)”, on page 541

“Saving and Recalling Files” on page 544

IMPORTANT! It is recommended that only USB

certified cables are used with the FieldFox.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 39

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Left Side Panel

Connector Description Learn More:

Audio output jack for use with SA Mode Tune and Listen. “Tune & Listen

(AM/FM)” on page 161

DC Voltage Source for use with external DC Bias. “Variable Voltage

Source (Opt. 309)” on page 532

DC power connector used to connect to the AC/DC adapter. Maximum: 19 VDC, 4 ADC.

“Internal Charging with the AC/DC Adapter ” on page 561

40 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Screen Tour

Caption Description Learn More:

1 Title – write your own text here “Title” on page 514

2 Current Mode --

3 Run / Hold “Run/Hold” on

page 510

4 Display Format Mode dependent

5 Scale/division Mode dependent

6 Calibration Status (CAT and NA)

Detection Method (SA)

7 Velocity Factor (Fault Meas) “About Velocity Factor

8 Averaging Status and Count Mode dependent

9 Data / Mem Display (CAT and NA)

Step / FFT (SA)

“Cal ON ? – Questionable Accuracy” on page 140

and Cable Loss” on page 65

“All about Trace Math” on page 504 “Resolution Bandwidth (Res BW)” on page 165

10 Resolution Setting Mode dependent

11 Measurement Start Freq or Distance Mode dependent

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 41

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Caption Description Learn More:

12 Bandpass / Lowpass setting (Fault Meas)

IF BW in NA Mode

13 Output Power Level (CAT and NA) “Output Power” on

14 Measurement Stop Freq or Distance Mode dependent

15 Actual Sweep Time Mode dependent

16 Limit Line Status “All about Limit Lines”

17 Time and Date “Date and Time” on

18 Marker Readout “All about Markers” on

19 Battery Status “Viewing the Battery

20 Measurement Type (CAT and NA) --

21 acquisition Mode dependent

22 Reference Position Mode dependent

“DTF Measurement Settings” on page 62

page 53

on page 499

page 521

page 484

Charge Status” on page 559

42 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox How to Enter Numeric Values

How to Enter Numeric Values

Many settings on the FieldFox require the entry of numeric values.

How to enter numeric values

Use any combination of the following keys:

— Numeric 0–9 keys, along with the polarity (+/-

— Up/Down arrow keys to increment or decrement values.

— Rotary knob to scroll through a set of values.

— Back

— Esc

To complete the setting, press Enter

erases previously entered values.

exits data entry without accepting the new value.

Multiplier Abbreviations

Many times after entering numeric values, a set of multiplier or suffix softkeys are presented. The following explains the meaning of these abbreviations.

Select Frequency multipliers as follows:

— GHz

— MHz

— KHz

— Hz

Select Time multipliers as follows:

Gigahertz (1e9 Hertz)

Megahertz (1e6 Hertz)

Kilohertz (1e3 Hertz)

Hertz

) key.

or a different softkey or hardkey.

Seconds

— s

— ms

— us

— ns

— ps

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 43

milliseconds (1e–3)

microseconds (1e–6)

nanoseconds (1e–9)

picoseconds (1e-12)

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Connector Care

Connector Care

— Never store connectors, airlines, or calibration standards loose in a box. This

— Install protective end caps when connectors are not in use.

— Keep connector temperature the same as the test instrument. Holding the

— Do not touch the mating plane surfaces. Natural skin oils and microscopic

— Do not set connectors contact-end down on a hard surface. The plating and

— Wear a grounded wrist strap and work on a grounded, conductive table

is a common cause of connector damage.

connector in your hand or cleaning connector with compressed air can significantly change the temperature. Wait for connector temperature to stabilize before using in calibration or measurements.

particles of dirt are difficult to remove from these surfaces.

mating plane surfaces can be damaged if the interface comes in contact with any hard surface.

mat. This helps protect the analyzer and devices from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

— Refer to “Connector Care Review” on page 583.

Because of the very small and precise mechanical tolerances of mmWave connectors, minor defects, damage, and dirt can significantly degrade repeatability and accuracy. In addition, a dirty or damaged connector can destroy connectors that are mated to it. For this reason, NEVER use a damaged connector. See also

http://na.support.keysight.com/pna/connectorcare/Connector_Care.htm

44 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxA User’s Guide

3 CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

CAT Mode is typically used to test an entire transmission system, from the transmitter to the antenna. This process is sometimes referred to as Line Sweeping.

CAT Mode is similar to NA (Network Analyzer) Mode. Learn more in the Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/F ieldFox.htm

CAT Mode Distance to Fault measurements are discussed in

Chapter 4, “DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements.”.

IMPORTANT! For CAT and NA modes, limit lines do not apply where F1 = F2.

In this Chapter

“Measurement Selection” on page 47

“Quick Settings Table” on page 48

“Frequency Range” on page 49

“Scale Settings” on page 49

“Averaging” on page 50

“Smoothing” on page 51

“Single or Continuous Measure” on page 51

“Resolution (Number of Data Points)” on page 52

“Sweep Time” on page 52

“Output Power” on page 53

“Interference Rejection” on page 53

“Coupled Frequency” on page 54

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

Procedures

“Return Loss Measurements” on page 55

“1-Port Cable Loss Measurements” on page 55

“2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements” on page 57

CAT Mode Settings

Select CAT Mode before making any setting in this chapter.

How to select CAT Mode

—Press Mode.

—Then CAT/TDR.

Measurement Selection

How to select a CAT Mode Measurement

Learn more about the following measurements in the Supplemental Online Help: http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

Press Measure 1

Then choose one of the following: These softkeys also appear after CAT Mode is selected.

— Distance To Fault

Transform (IFT) calculations to determine and display the distance to, and relative size of, a fault or disruption in the transmission line. Units are in return loss format, expressed as a positive number in dB, unless the measurement selected is DTF (VSWR). Learn more about DTF Measurements refer to Chapter 4, “DTF (Distance to Fault)

Measurements.”.

— Return Loss & DTF

measurement. Use this format to display the frequency settings that are used to make the DTF measurement. The frequency range settings for these two measurements can be coupled or uncoupled. Learn more on page 54.

Calibrations are applied to both traces

When in Hold mode and Single sweep is performed, only the active

trace is triggered. Use the arrows to activate a trace

— Return Loss

incident signal energy MINUS the amount of energy that is reflected. The higher the trace is on the screen, the more energy being reflected back to the FieldFox. Learn how to measure Return Loss on page 55.

1-port reflection measurement that uses Inverse Fourier

Displays both a Return Loss measurement and a DTF

1-port reflection measurement that displays the amount of

— VSWR

reflection measurement that displays the ratio of the maximum reflected voltage over the minimum reflected voltage. The higher the trace is on the screen, the more energy being reflected back to the FieldFox.

— DTF (VSWR)

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 47

(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio – also known as SWR) 1-port

Distance to Fault in VSWR format.

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

— Cable Loss (1-Port) 1-port reflection measurement that displays the loss of

a transmission line. Learn more on page 55

— Insertion Loss (2-Port)

displays the loss through a cable or other device in dB. Both ends of the cable must be connected to the FieldFox. NO phase information is included in this measurement. Learn more at “2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements”

on page 57. This feature is available only with an option on some FieldFox

models. For detailed information, please view the FieldFox Configuration Guide at: http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5990-9836EN.pdf

— DTF (Lin)

— TDR (Lin rho)

without reflections shows as 0 (zero). Maximum reflections from an open or short show as 1.

— TDR (ohm)

— TDR & DTF

Distance to Fault in Linear format.

The Y-axis of the display is impedance (ohms).

TDR and DTF are displayed.

Quick Settings Table

Both CAT and NA Modes allow you to view and change most relevant settings from a single location. All of these settings are discussed in this chapter and, unless otherwise noted, ALL of these settings can also be made using the standard softkey menus.

2-port transmission measurement that accurately

The Y-axis of the display is linear, real, unitless values. A trace

How to view and change Quick Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

—Press Next Page

are NOT available, then all available settings fit on one page.

— To change a setting:

— Use the arrows to highlight a setting.

—Then press Edit

— Some settings require you to press a softkey to change the value.

Otherwise, use the numeric keypad, arrows, or rotary knob to change the value.

— When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

—Press Dock Window

the trace window. The Dock Window setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following

— Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown

and Previous Page to view all settings. If these softkeys

. The current setting changes to yellow.

to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

48 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

— Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window

— Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window

— When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

Frequency Range

Set the range of frequencies over which you would like to make CAT Mode measurements

When the frequency range is changed after a calibration is performed, the cal becomes interpolated. Learn more in “Interpolation *” on page 140.

How to set Frequency Range

—Press Freq/Dist.

— Then choose from the following

— Start

— Center

frequencies (half on either side of center).

— Follow each setting by entering a value using the numeric keypad,

arrows, or the rotary knob.

— After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier

abbreviations in Chapter 1, “Overview.”

to save your settings

and Stop frequencies - beginning and end of the sweep.

and Span frequencies – the center frequency and span of

— After using the arrows or the rotary knob, press Enter

Scale Settings

Adjust the Y-axis scale to see the relevant portions of the data trace. The Y-axis is divided into 10 graticules.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

How to set Scale

—Press Scale / Amptd.

— Then choose from the following three methods:

1. Autoscale

2. Set Scale, acquisition, and Reference Position:

. The amount of frequency increment is based on the current span and can NOT be changed in CAT Mode.

Automatically adjusts the Y-axis to comfortably fit the

Minimum and Maximum amplitude of the trace on the screen.

— Scale

Manually enter a scale per division to view specific

areas of the trace

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 49

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

— Ref Level Manually set the value of the reference line.

Enter a negative value by pressing Run/Hold (+/-) before or after typing a value

either

Averaging

— Ref Pos

Manually set the position of the reference line.

Values must be between 0 (TOP line) and 10 (BOTTOM line)

3. Set Top and Bottom graticule values. The scale per division is calculated.

— Top

— Bottom

to set the value of the Top graticule.

to set the value of the Bottom graticule.

— Enter a negative value by pressing Run/Hold (+/-)

before or after typing a value.

Scale annotation on the FieldFox screen

Reference Line = red arrow

Ref Level = -40 dB

Ref Position = 1

Scale = 2 dB per division

either

Trace Averaging helps to smooth a trace to reduce the effects of random noise on a measurement. The FieldFox computes each data point based on the average of the same data point over several consecutive sweeps.

Average Count determines the number of sweeps to average; the higher the average count, the greater the amount of noise reduction.

An average counter is shown in the left edge of the screen as Avg N. This shows the number of previous sweeps that have been averaged together to form the current trace. When the counter reaches the specified count, then a ‘running average’ of the last N sweeps is displayed. Average Count = 1 means there is NO averaging.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

Averaging is often used to increase the dynamic range of a measurement. To achieve the highest dynamic range, select NA mode and reduce the IF Bandwidth setting. Learn more about dynamic range in

Range” on page 107

“Increase Dynamic

How to set Trace Averaging

—Press BW 2.

50 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

—Then Average N where N is the current count setting.

— Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Enter 1 for NO averaging.

—Press Enter

— While Trace Averaging is in process, press Sweep 3

Smoothing

Trace smoothing averages a number of adjacent data points to smooth the peak-to-peak noise values on a displayed trace. The number of adjacent data points that are averaged is known as the smoothing aperture. Aperture is set by specifying a percentage of the X-axis span.

Trace smoothing does NOT significantly increase measurement time.

Smoothing can be used with any CAT format.

When enabled, Smo appears on the FieldFox screen.

How to set Smoothing

—Press BW 2

—Then Smoothing ON OFF

—Then Sm. Aperture

then Restart to restart

the averaging at 1.

and enter a value between 0 and 25 (percent) using the

numeric keypad.

—Press Enter

Single or Continuous Measure

This setting determines whether the FieldFox sweeps continuously or only once each time the Single or to allow you to save or analyze a specific measurement trace.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

How to set Single or Continuous

—Press Sweep 3.

— Then choose one of the following:

— Single

make ONE sweep, then hold for the next Single key press. Hold is annotated in the upper left corner of the display when NOT sweeping, and changes to an arrow --> while the sweep occurs

— Continuous

when battery power is not critical.

You can also use Run / Hold +/-

button is pressed. Use Single to conserve battery power

Automatically sets Continuous OFF and causes FieldFox to

Makes continuous sweeps. This is the typical setting

to toggle between Single and Continuous.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 51

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

Resolution (Number of Data Points)

Data points are individual measurements that are made and plotted across the X-axis to form a trace. Select more data points to increase measurement resolution. However, more data points require more time to complete an entire measurement sweep

When the Resolution is changed after a calibration is performed, the cal becomes interpolated. Learn more in “Interpolation *” on page 140

How to set Resolution

—Press Sweep 3.

—Then Resolution

— Then choose one of the following:

101 | 201 | 401 | 601 | 801 | 1001 |1601 | 4001 | 10001

— Using SCPI, Resolution can be set to any number of points between 3 and

10001. See the Programming Guide at

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/

Sweep Time

The fastest possible sweep time is always used as the default setting. Use the Min Swp Time setting to slow the sweep time when measuring long lengths of cable.

Learn more in the FieldFox Supplemental Help at:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

The actual sweep time is shown on the FieldFox screen. See “Take the FieldFox

Tour” o n page 35. To increase the sweep time, enter a value that is higher than

the actual sweep time. The increase will not be exactly the amount that you enter, as the actual sweep time is the composite of many factors.

Measurement speed specifications do NOT apply in Temperature Control Mode. Learn more in Chapter 1, “Overview.”

How to set Sweep Time

—Press Sweep 3.

—Then Min Swp Time

— Enter a value using the numeric keypad.

— Press a multiplier key. Learn more in “Multiplier Abbreviations” on page 43.

52 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

Output Power

Set the power level out of the FieldFox to High, Low, or manually set power level to a value between High and Low.

Generally, the high power setting is used when measuring passive, high-loss devices to place the signal farther from the noise floor. However, for devices that are sensitive to high power levels such as amplifiers, use the Low power setting.

For best measurement accuracy, use the Manual power setting at -15 dBm. After calibration, the power level can be decreased for amplifiers, or increased for higher dynamic range.

Power Level settings in this mode will NOT change Power Level settings in other modes. To help prevent damage to your DUT, use caution when changing modes with your DUT connected to the FieldFox test ports.

How to set Output Power

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Power

—Then Output Power

— High (Default setting) Sets output power to the maximum achievable

power at all displayed frequencies. Output power is NOT FLAT across the displayed FieldFox frequency span. Please see

“Specifications/Data Sheet” on page 587 for expected power levels.

— Low Sets output power to approximately –45 dBm, FLAT across the

displayed FieldFox frequency span.

— Man Set output power to an arbitrary value, FLAT across the

displayed FieldFox frequency span. If flattened power can NOT be achieved, a warning message and beep occurs. To achieve a flattened output power, reduce the power level or stop frequency.

—Then press Power Level

— Then enter a value using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the

rotary knob.

—Press Enter

Interference Rejection

Use this setting when you suspect that other signals in the area are interfering with a measurement. Interference may look like a spike or lack of stability in the measurement trace. While monitoring a measurement at a specific frequency,

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 53

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

toggle this setting between ON and OFF. If the measurement result decreases while ON, then there is an interfering signal in the area. Continue to make measurements with Interference Rejection ON. However, this will slow the measurement speed.

Once enabled, up to SIX sweeps may be required before the interfering signal is neutralized.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

How to set Interference Rejection

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Interference Rejection [current setting]

— Then choose from the following:

No interference rejection and fastest possible sweep speed

— Off

— Minimum

— Medium

— Maximum

Coupled Frequency

This setting, especially useful for a Return Loss & DTF measurement, allows both measurements to have different frequency ranges.

How to set Coupled Frequency

With a Return Loss & DTF measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

— Select the DTF measurement (Tr2) using the arrows.

— Then choose from the following:

The lowest level of Interference rejection.

The medium level of Interference rejection.

The highest level of Interference rejection.

— Coupled Freq ON

frequency range settings.

— Coupled Freq OFF

individual frequency range settings. When set to OFF:

— The Return Loss measurement frequency settings are made in the

usual manner. Learn how at “Frequency Range” on page 49. When a new Start or Stop frequency is selected, Coupled Frequency is automatically set to OFF.

— The DTF measurement is made using the frequencies as determined

by the DTF Frequency Mode setting. Learn more in “DTF

Measurement Settings” on page 62.

54 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

- Both the Return Loss and DTF traces have the same

(default setting) - Both traces are allowed to have

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode Return Loss Measurements

Return Loss Measurements

Return loss can be thought of as the absolute value of the reflected power compared to the incident power.

When measuring an OPEN or SHORT, all incident power is reflected and approximately 0 dB return loss is displayed.

When measuring a LOAD, very little power is reflected and values of 40 dB to 60 dB are displayed.

The minus sign is usually ignored when conveying return loss. For example, a component is said to have 18 dB return loss, rather than –18 dB.

How to Measure Return Loss

— Connect the jumper cable or any adapter used to connect the device under

test (DUT).

— Select Preset

— Select Mode

—Then Return Loss

—Press Freq/Dist

measurement.

—Press Meas Setup 4

calibrating.

— Disconnect the jumper cable or DUT and press Cal 5

calibration prompts.

— Reconnect the jumper cable or DUT.

— The return loss trace is displayed on the FieldFox screen.

then Preset Returns the FieldFox to known settings

then CAT/TDR (Cable and Antenna Test)

(Default measurement).

and enter Start and Stop frequency values of the

then Settings to make appropriate settings before

1-Port Cable Loss Measurements

While all cables have inherent loss, weather and time will deteriorate cables and cause even more energy to be absorbed by the cable. This makes less power available to be transmitted.

then follow the

A deteriorated cable is not usually apparent in a Distance to Fault measurement, where more obvious and dramatic problems are identified. A Cable Loss measurement is necessary to measure the accumulated losses throughout the length of the cable.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 55

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode 1-Port Cable Loss Measurements

A 2-port Insertion Loss measurement is usually more accurate than a 1-port Cable Loss measurement. However, to perform a 2-port Insertion Loss measurement, both ends of the cable must be connected to the FieldFox.

In high-loss conditions, a Cable Loss measurement becomes ‘noisy’ as the test signal becomes indistinguishable in the FieldFox noise floor. This can occur when measuring a very long cable and using relatively high measurement frequencies. To help with this condition, use High Power (page 53) and Averaging. (page 50).

How to make a 1-port Cable Loss Measurement

1. Press Preset then Preset.

2. Then More

then Cable Loss (1-Port)

3. Connect the cable to be tested.

4. Press Freq/Dist

and enter Start and Stop frequency values of the

measurement.

5. Press Sweep 3

then Min Swp Time. Increase the Sweep Time until a stable

trace is visible on the screen. The amount of time that is required increases with longer cable lengths. Learn more in the Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

6. Remove the cable to be tested.

7. Press Cal 5

, then QuickCal or Mechanical Cal. Mechanical Cal.

QuickCal is only available on N991xA/2xA/3xA models.

8. Follow the prompts to perform calibration at the end of the jumper cable

or adapter. Learn more about Calibration in “How to Perform a

Calibration” on page 123

9. Connect the cable to be tested.

Low-level standing waves (also known as ‘ripple’) which may be visible in reflection measurements, can hide the actual loss of the cable. Steps 10 through 13 can minimize the ripple. Perform the measurement with and without steps 10 through 13 and choose the method with the least amount of ripple.

10.Connect a LOAD at the end of the cable to be tested. This limits the

reflections to faults that are located in the cable under test.

11.Press Trace 6

then Math and Memory then Data->Mem to store the trace

into Memory.

12.Remove the LOAD and leave the end of the cable to be tested open.

56 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode 2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements

13.Press Data Math then Data – Mem. The ripple in the measurement is

removed. These minor imperfections in the cable should not be considered in the Cable Loss measurement.

14.Use Averaging to remove random noise from high-loss measurements. Press BW 2

The displayed trace shows the Cable Loss values in one direction through the cable. A Return Loss measurement would show the loss for both down the cable and back. Therefore, a Cable Loss measurement is the same as a Return Loss measurement divided by 2.

The average Cable Loss across the specified frequency range is shown on the screen below the graticules.

then Average.

2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements

A 2-port Insertion Loss measurement is used to measure the loss through a DUT (device under test) – or cable – over a specified frequency range. The FieldFox signal source is transmitted out the RF OUT connector, through the DUT, and into the RF IN connector. Both ends of the DUT must be connected to the FieldFox, either directly or indirectly using the cable used in the normalization cal.

‘Insertion’ loss simply means loss through a device, usually expressed in dB. It is exactly the same measurement as “S21 Transmission” in NA Mode.

2-port Insertion Loss measurements are generally more accurate than 1-port Cable Loss measurements.

How to make a 2-port Insertion Loss Measurement

—Press Mode

—Then More

—Press Freq/Dist

measurement.

—Press Sweep 3

—Press Cal 5

Calibration” on page 123.

— Connect the DUT and view the insertion loss measurement results.

When measuring very long lengths of cable, it may be necessary to increase the sweep time. Learn how on page 52. Learn why in the Supplemental Online Help: http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

then CAT.f

then Insertion Loss (2-Port).

and enter Start and Stop frequency values of the

, then select a Resolution setting.

, then perform a calibration. Learn more on “How to Perform a

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 57

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode 2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements

58 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxA User’s Guide

4 DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements

CAT Mode Distance to Fault (DTF) measurements are generally used to locate problems, or faults, in a length of cable or transmission line. In this chapter, the cable to be tested is referred to as the DUT (Device Under Test).

Settings that are NOT unique to DTF measurements are documented in the CAT Mode Chapter 3, “CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode.”

In this Chapter

“How to make DTF Measurements” on page 60

“DTF Settings Table” on page 62

“DTF Measurement (Format)” on page 62

“DTF Start and Stop Distance” on page 63

“Frequency Mode” on page 63

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements How to make DTF Measurements

“Coupled Frequency” on page 64

“Cable (Correction) Specifications” on page 65

“Window Settings” on page 68

“DTF Units” on page 69

“Calculated DTF values” on page 69

“About Alias Faults” on page 69

Optional settings

“All about Markers” on page 484

“All about Limit Lines” on page 499

“Saving and Recalling Files” on page 544

Trace Math is NOT available in DTF Measurements.

How to make DTF Measurements

Before starting, you may need the following:

— Jumper cable or adapter to connect the beginning of the DUT to the

FieldFox.

— LOAD with correct connector type and gender to terminate the end of the

DUT (if possible).

— The known length and cable type of the DUT. If the cable type is not known,

then the Cable Loss (dB/Meter) and Velocity Factor of the DUT are required.

1. Connect any necessary jumper cable or adapter to the FieldFox RF OUT port. Do NOT connect the DUT.

2. Press Preset

3. Then Mode

4. Then Meas 1

5. Press Freq/Dist

can optionally set the Start Distance

6. Press Cal 5

“How to Perform a Calibration” on page 123.

then Preset to return the FieldFox to the default settings.

then CAT.

then DTF.

, then Stop Distance and enter the length of the DUT. You

and follow the Cal prompts. Learn all about Calibration in

7. Disconnect any components or antenna that should NOT be measured and connect a LOAD at the end of the DUT.

8. Press Meas Setup 4

60 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

then DTF Cable Specifications.

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements How to make DTF Measurements

9. Either press Edit/Save/Recall Cables then Recall Cable, or directly enter the Velocity Factor/Cable Loss of the DUT using the Velocity Facto

Cable Loss

keys.

r and

10. Connect the start end of the DUT to the FieldFox.

11. Press Meas Setup 4

then Settings then Next Page. If the Alias-free Range

setting is False, then you may see Alias faults on the screen. Learn more on page 69.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 61

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Settings Table

You can set and view all of the DTF settings, including some calculated values, on the DTF Settings table. Learn about the calculated values in “Calculated

DTF values” on page 69.

How to make settings on the DTF settings table

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

—Press Next Page

— To change a setting:

— Use the arrows or rotary knob to highlight a setting.

— Numeric settings can be changed by pressing numbers using the

numeric keypad. Then press Enter or select a suffix if available.

— Other settings require you to press Edit

change the value.

— When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

—Press Dock Window

the trace window. The setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following:

— Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown.

— Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window.

— Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window.

and Previous Page to view all settings.

, then press a softkey to

to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

— When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

to save your settings.

DTF Measurement (Format)

You can select from 3 different DTF Formats.

—Press Measure 1

— Then choose from:

— Distance to Fault (dB)

loss format, expressed as a positive number in dB.

— DTF (VSWR)

about SWR at the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.ht m

62 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Faults are displayed on the Y-axis in return

Faults are displayed on the Y-axis in SWR. Learn more

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

— More then DTF (Lin) Faults are displayed on the Y-axis in linear

(unitless) format.

DTF Start and Stop Distance

In DTF measurements, you set the physical length of cable or other device to be tested. The FieldFox calculates the frequency range of the measurement from this distance. The longer the cable to be tested, the lower the frequencies that are used. You can also set the frequencies manually using the Frequency Mode [Bandpass] setting.

How to set Start and Stop Distance

— With a DTF measurement present, press Freq/Dist.

— Then choose from the following:

— Start Distance

— Stop Distance

Frequency Mode

All DTF measurements are made with frequency settings and, using Inverse Fourier Transform (IFT), the time and distance to faults are calculated.

The start and stop frequencies for the measurement are always annotated on the screen below the start and stop distances.

How to set Frequency Mode

With a DTF measurement present,

—Press Meas Setup 4

Enter a value using the numeric keypad, the

arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter is set to 0 Meters. This means that the measurement will display faults starting at the point at which calibration standards are connected.

Enter a value between the start distance and 5 km (or

16,404 ft.) using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter

. By default, the Start Distance

—Then Frequency Mode

— Choose one of the following:

— Lowpass

automatically based on the Start and Stop Distances. Use Lowpass mode when the DUT is a cable ONLY.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 63

The frequency range of a DTF measurement is set

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

— Bandpass (Default setting) The frequency range of a DTF

measurement is set manually. Use Bandpass mode when the DUT contains a diplexer or other filtering device which does not pass some frequencies.

Typically, you will set the frequency range of the measurement to the passband of the filter. However, you may also want to test the ability of the filter to reject unwanted frequencies. In this case, set the frequency range to include those frequencies which the filter may not be adequately rejecting.

How to manually set Frequencies in Bandpass Mode

—Press Freq/Dist

—Then Min Start Freq

measurement.

—Then Max Stop Freq

measurement.

—OR

—Press More

—Then Max Freq Span and type the frequency range to use for the DTF

measurement.

—Then Center Frequency

for the DTF measurement.

When the DTF frequencies are set manually, they may not be the optimum frequencies for measuring the distance to fault. The distance may no longer be alias-free. Learn more about alias-free range on page 69.

These settings specify the minimum and maximum frequencies to be used for the DTF measurement. These exact frequencies may not be used, but a narrower frequency range may be used that will still pass through the bandpass filter.

Coupled Frequency

and type the start frequency to use for the DTF

and type the stop frequency to use for the DTF

and type the center frequency of the range to use

When a Return Loss & DTF measurement is present, this setting allows you to have different frequency ranges for each measurement. Learn more in

“Coupled Frequency” on page 54.

64 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

Cable (Correction) Specifications

By default, the FieldFox does NOT correct DTF measurements to account for the inherent loss of a cable. However, to make more accurate DTF measurements, the Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values should be considered.

The following describes Coax Media type. However, you can create or edit Waveguide Media Standards. Learn how in “Waveguide Calibrations” on

page 137

About Velocity Factor and Cable Loss

— Velocity Factor is a property of the physical material of a cable. A VF of 1.0

corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum, or the fastest VF possible. A polyethylene dielectric cable has VF = 0.66 and a cable with PTFE dielectric has VF = 0.7.

— Cable Loss is specified in dB/meter. In addition to the length of the cable,

loss is also directly proportional to the frequency of the signal that passes through the cable.

The following is an example showing how DTF cable correction works:

The DUT is a 100 meter transmission cable. The Cable Loss value is

0.1 dB/meter. This means that a signal traveling ONE WAY through the cable

will lose 10 dB of power (100 m * 1dB/m). Because the FieldFox performs this measurement with 1 port, the test signal travels down the cable and then back, for a total loss of 20 dB.

After a calibration has been performed, for the purpose of illustrating this point, connect an OPEN to the end of the cable – a maximum-sized fault - for 100% reflection of the 300 MHz test signal.

Without compensation for the loss of the cable, a –20 dB response would be visible at 100 meters, which is the OPEN at the end of the DUT. This is from 10 dB of loss through the cable in each direction.

With compensation for the loss using the manufacturer’s specification, the FieldFox compensates the trace as though the signal traveling through 100 meters was increased by +20 dB. Therefore the response will show 0 dB for 100% reflection.

How to enter Cable Loss and Velocity Factor

Cable Loss and Velocity factor can be entered using one of the following methods:

— Manually enter cable loss and velocity factor for the measurement.

— Select or create a cable file which contains the cable loss and velocity

factor.

With a DTF measurement present:

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 65

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

— Select Cable Corr

— Auto Use Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values from a Cable file. See

“How to Edit, Save, and Recall a Cable File” below. This will overwrite a manually-entered value.

— Man

(Default setting) Manually enter a value for Cable Loss and

Velocity Factor.

—Then:

— Velocity Factor

0.01 and 1. Then press Enter

— Cable Loss

value in dB/m, then press Enter

Using the numeric keypad, enter a value between

Using the numeric keypad, enter a positive Cable Loss

How to Edit a Cable File

The FieldFox includes many predefined cable files with the manufacturer’s specifications. You can edit these files or create new cable files using the following procedure or using the FieldFox Data Link Software.

The Cable correction data survives a Mode Preset and Preset.

With a DTF measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

—Then Edit/Save/Recall Cables

—Press New Cable

then Yes to clear all data from the existing DTF Cable

table and reset header information to default settings.

—Then Edit Cable

to open the Cable Editor.

— Then use the arrows to select a field,

— When editing Cable Description information, press Edit

then modify

the selected field using the FieldFox labeler.

— When editing Frequency/Loss pairs, enter numbers using the

numeric keypad, then select a frequency suffix. Then Enter

. Learn

more about “How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied” below.

— Optionally choose from the following:

— Previous / Next Page

Quickly scrolls through pages of Freq/Loss

data.

— Add Data

66 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Add a blank Freq/Loss pair to the table,

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

— Delete/Clear then:

— Delete Row

— Clear All

Remove the selected Freq/Loss pair from the table.

then Yes. Remove all Freq/Loss pairs from the table and

resets header information

—Press Done

to close the Cable Editor.

How to Save or Recall a Cable

—Press Save Cable to saves your changes to the specified Storage Device.

Enter a filename using the FieldFox labeler (learn more on “How to use the

FieldFox labeler ” on page 546). Learn more about Cable files below.

—Press Recall Cable

— Storage Device

to load a Cable file from the specified Storage Device

Changes the device used to save or recall Cable files. This

is a different setting from the Save/Recall Storage Device setting. Choose from Internal (default setting), USB (must be connected) or SD card.

About Cable files

— Cable files are saved to, and recalled from, the Cables folder. If the folder

does not already exist on a USB or SD card, it is created automatically before storing the file.

— Cable files are stored as *.xml files. Existing cable files that are preloaded

into the FieldFox firmware can be overwritten. Your edited file will NOT be overwritten when firmware is updated.

—To DELETE a Cable file, use the Manage Files feature. Learn more in

“Manage Files” on page 552.

How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied

When the cable file contains one Freq/Loss pair, that correction value is applied to the entire displayed frequency span.

When the cable file contains two or more Freq/Loss pairs, the Loss value that is used is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs and the DTF center frequency. For example, using a cable file with the following Freq/Loss pairs:

1 GHz: 0.1 dB/m

2 GHz: 0.2 dB/m

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 67

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

The center frequency for the measurement is determined from the calculated (Stop – Start) frequency values (seen on the second page of DTF Settings):

Calculated Start = 2.0 MHz

Calculated Stop = 3.598 GHz

Center Freq = 1.80 GHz

The Loss value for the measurement is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs at the Center Freq:

1 GHz = 0.1 dB/m

1.8 GHz = 0.18 dB/m

2 GHz = 0.2 dB/m

The correction for loss at 5 meters in one direction: 0.18 dB/m * 5m = 0.9 dB.

All DTF measurements correct for loss for travel down the DUT and back, so double the correction: 0.9 dB * 2 = 1.8 dB.

Window Settings

Window settings provide the ability to choose between optimizing DTF measurements for resolving closely-spaced faults or for the ability to measure low-level faults.

How to select Window settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

— Then press arrows to move to the Window row.

—Then press Edit

—Then press Window

— Maximum

is lowered to provide the ability to measure low-level responses. (Default setting)

— Medium

settings.

— Minimum

between two closely-spaced responses.

and choose from the following:

(Maximum – Optimized for dynamic range) the noise floor

– Compromise between Minimumand Maximum window

– Best Response Resolution, providing the ability to resolve

—Then press Done Edi

—Again press Done

68 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Units

The DTF Units setting is available ONLY on the DTF Settings table.

By default, X-axis units for DTF measurement settings are displayed in Meters.

How to change DTF units

— With a DTF measurement present, press Freq/Dist.

—Then More

— The current selection is underlined m (meters) Feet

then Distance Unit m feet.

Calculated DTF values

Press Next Page on the DTF Settings Table to view the following calculated

Values noted on the FieldFox screen with c - <setting>

Start Frequency – Start frequency that is used to calculate DTF.

Stop Frequency – Stop frequency that is used to calculate DTF.

Range Resolution. Indicates the accuracy of the distance to fault

measurement. For example, with range resolution of 500 mm, if the distance to fault is 10 meters, this value could be inaccurate by +/- 500 mm or between

9.5 to 10.5 meters. This value is calculated from frequency span / resolution

(points).

Response Resolution, not displayed, indicates the distance that could be between two faults and still show as separate faults. Learn more in “Window

Settings” on page 68.

Maximum Distance. The distance that could be viewed with the current settings. Defined by: Vf*c*Points/(2*Bandwidth) where:

— Vf = velocity factor

— c = speed of light

— Points = resolution

— Bandwidth = frequency range

Alias-free Range (On/Off)

—On = No Alias images

— Off = Alias images may appear in the response.

About Alias Faults

An alias fault is not a true device response. An alias fault appears because of the method used to convert frequency to time.

On the DTF Settings page (above) the c - Alias-free Range = Off setting indicates alias images MAY appear on the screen.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 69

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

Shorter stop distances (less than 10 meters) and a higher resolution (1001 points) will be more likely to result in Alias-free Range = Off.

When the Alias-free Range = Off, the following procedure will help to determine if a response is true or an alias response:

1. Put a marker on the response in question and note the distance to the fault.

2. Change the start or stop distance.

A true fault response will not move in distance. That is, if a true fault is present at 10.3 meters, changing the stop distance from 15 m to 20 m will not move the fault; the fault will remain at 10.3 meters. However, an alias response will appear to move.

An un-terminated cable (with NO perfect load at the end) will show faults that appear to be beyond the end of the cable. These are NOT alias faults. These faults appear as the signal reflects off the open at the end of the cable and travels back down the cable toward the connection at the FieldFox. Re-reflections are measured at the FieldFox as mirror images of the original faults. The largest fault is the open end of the cable. To avoid confusion, set the Stop distance shortly after that fault.

70 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxA User’s Guide

5 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

CAT Mode Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurements are generally used to locate problems, and identify the type of problem, in a length of cable or transmission line.

Settings that are NOT unique to TDR measurements are documented in

Chapter 3, “CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode”, on page 45.

In this chapter, the cable to be tested is referred to as the DUT (Device Under Test).

In this Chapter

“TDR Measurement (Format)” on page 74

“TDR Settings Table” on page 74

“TDR Start and Stop Distance” on page 75

“TDR Sweep” on page 75

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

“Frequency Mode” on page 76

“Cable (Correction) Specifications” on page 77

“Window Settings” on page 80

“TDR Units” on page 81

“Calculated TDR values” on page 81

“About Alias Faults” on page 82

“How to Prevent Undersampling” on page 83

Optional Settings

“All about Markers” on page 484

“All about Limit Lines” on page 499

“Saving and Recalling Files” on page 544

Trace Math is NOT available in DTF Measurements.

How to make TDR Measurements

Before starting, you may need the following:

— Jumper cable or adapter to connect the beginning of the DUT to the

FieldFox.

— LOAD with correct connector type and gender to terminate the end of the

DUT (if possible).

— The known length and cable type of the DUT. If the cable type is not known,

then the Cable Loss (dB/Meter) and Velocity Factor of the DUT are required.

1. Connect any necessary jumper cable or adapter to the FieldFox RF

OUT port. Do NOT connect the DUT.

2. Press Preset

3. Then Mode

4. Then Meas 1

5. Press Freq/Dist

then Preset to return the FieldFox to the default settings.

then CAT/TDR.

then More then DTF (Lin) or TDR (Lin rho) or (ohm).

, then Stop Distance and enter the length of the DUT. You

can optionally set the Start Distance

6. Press Cal 5

and follow the Cal prompts. Learn all about Calibration in

“How to Perform a Calibration” on page 123.

7. Disconnect any components or antenna that should NOT be measured and connect a LOAD at the end of the DUT.

8. Press Meas Setup 4

72 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

then DTF Cable Specifications.

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

9. Either press Edit/Save/Recall Cables then Recall Cable, or directly enter the Velocity Factor/Cable Loss of the DUT using the Velocity Facto

Cable Loss

keys.

r and

10. Connect the start end of the DUT to the FieldFox.

11. Press Meas Setup 4

then Settings then Next Page. If the Alias-free Range

setting is Off, then you may see Alias faults on the screen. Learn more in

“About Alias Faults” on page 82

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 73

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

TDR Measurement Settings

Select CAT Mode, then TDR before making any setting in this chapter.

How to select CAT Mode

—Press Mode

—Then CAT/TDR

TDR Measurement (Format)

You can select from 3 different TDR Formats.

—Press Measure 1

—Then More

— Then choose from:

— TDR (Lin rho)

A trace without reflections shows as 0 (zero). Maximum reflections from an open or short show as 1.

— TDR (ohm)

— DTF (Lin)

X-Axis displays distance to fault in meters.

— TDR & DTF TDR and DTF are displayed.

The Y-axis of the display is linear, real, unitless values.

The Y-axis of the display is impedance (ohms).m

The Y-axis of the display is linear, real, unitless values.

TDR Settings Table

You can set and view all of the TDR settings, including some calculated values, on the TDR Settings table. Learn more in “Calculated TDR values” on page 81.

How to make settings on the TDR settings table

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

—Press Next Page

— To change a setting:

— Use the arrows or rotary knob to highlight a setting.

— Numeric settings can be changed by pressing numbers using the

numeric keypad. Then press Enter or select a suffix if available.

— Other settings require you to press Edit

change the value.

— When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

and Previous Page to view all settings.

, then press a softkey to

74 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

—Press Dock Window to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

the trace window. The setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following:

— Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown.

— Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window.

— Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window.

— When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

The following TDR settings are available ONLY on the settings table:

Mkr Format – The format of marker readout. Choose from:

— Z Magnitude – Impedance (magnitude only)

— Default – The current TDR measurement format.

Auto: Max Freq – When TDR Sweep is set to Auto, this is the maximum stop frequency of the measurement. The minimum value of this setting is 100 MHz.

TDR Start and Stop Distance

In TDR measurements, you set the physical length of the DUT. The FieldFox calculates the frequency range of the measurement from this distance. The longer the DUT, the lower the frequencies that are used.

You can NOT set the frequencies manually in TDR. However, you CAN limit the maximum frequency using the TDR Sweep setting. Learn more in “TDR Sweep”

on page 75.

How to set Start and Stop Distance

— With a TDR measurement present, press Freq/Dist.

to save your settings.

— Then choose from the following:

— Start Distance

arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter is set to 0 Meters. This means that the measurement will display faults starting at the point at which calibration standards are connected.

— Stop Distance

16,404 ft.) using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter

Enter a value using the numeric keypad, the

. By default, the Start Distance

Enter a value between the start distance and 5 km (or

TDR Sweep

This setting allows you to choose the method by which the Stop Frequency and Resolution are set.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 75

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

—Press Sweep 3

—Then TDR Sweep

— Choose one of the following:

— Auto

current number of points. The Stop Frequency and Resolution settings can be changed to any value.

— Cable

under-sampling is suspected. The Stop Frequency is limited to 500 MHz maximum. The Resolution is fixed to 1601.

Because of its greater measurement accuracy, Cable is the default setting in CPU1 units with firmware A.08.18 and greater and CPU2 units with firmware A.09.57 and greater. Refer to “Preferences” on page 515.

Frequency Mode

All TDR measurements are made with frequency settings and, using Inverse Fourier Transform (IFT), the time and distance to faults are calculated.

The start and stop frequencies for the measurement are always annotated on the screen below the start and stop distances.

Low pass frequency settings are calculated based on the

——To set Stop Frequency, press Meas 4

scroll to Auto: Max Freq.

——To set Resolution, press Sweep 3

Provides a higher resolution measurement. Use when

, then Settings, then

, then Resolution.

How to set Frequency Mode

With a TDR measurement present,

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then Freq Mode

— Choose one of the following:

— Lowpass

automatically based on the Start and Stop Distances. Use Lowpass mode when the DUT is a cable ONLY.

— Bandpass

is NOT ALLOWED with TDR because the DC component is required for TDR measurements.

76 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

The frequency range of a TDR measurement is set

This setting changes the measurement to DTF. Bandpass

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

Cable (Correction) Specifications

By default, the FieldFox does NOT correct TDR measurements to account for the inherent loss of a cable. However, to make more accurate TDR measurements, the Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values should be considered.

The following describes Coax Media type. Waveguide Media can NOT be measured with TDR as waveguide is inherently a high pass device.

About Velocity Factor and Cable Loss

— Velocity Factor is a property of the physical material of a cable. A VF of 1.0

corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum, or the fastest VF possible. A polyethylene dielectric cable has VF = 0.66 and a cable with PTFE dielectric has VF = 0.7.

— Cable Loss is specified in dB/meter. In addition to the length of the cable,

loss is also directly proportional to the frequency of the signal that passes through the cable.

The following is an example showing how DTF cable correction works:

The DUT is a 100 meter transmission cable. The Cable Loss value is 0.1 dB/meter. This means that a signal traveling ONE WAY through the cable will lose 10 dB of power (100 m * 1dB/m). Because the FieldFox performs this measurement with 1 port, the test signal travels down the cable and then back, for a total loss of 20 dB.

After a calibration has been performed, for the purpose of illustrating this point, connect an OPEN to the end of the cable – a maximum-sized fault - for 100% reflection of the 300 MHz test signal.

How to enter Cable Loss and Velocity Factor

Cable Loss and Velocity factor can be entered using one of the following methods:

— Manually enter cable loss and velocity factor for the measurement.

— Select or create a cable file which contains the cable loss and velocity

factor.

With a TDR measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 77

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

— Select Cable Corr

— Auto Use Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values from a Cable file. See

“How to Edit, Save, and Recall a Cable File” below. This will overwrite a manually-entered value.

— Man

(Default setting) Manually enter a value for Cable Loss and

Velocity Factor.

—Then:

— Velocity Factor

0.01 and 1. Then press Enter

— Cable Loss

value in dB/m, then press Enter

Using the numeric keypad, enter a value between

Using the numeric keypad, enter a positive Cable Loss

How to Edit a Cable File

The Cable correction data survives a Mode Preset and Preset.

With a TDR measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

—Then Edit/Save/Recall Cables

—Press New Cable

then Yes to clear all data from the existing DTF Cable

table and reset header information to default settings.

—Then Edit Cable

to open the Cable Editor.

— Then use the arrows to select a field,

— When editing Cable Description information, press Edit

then modify

the selected field using the FieldFox labeler.

— When editing Frequency/Loss pairs, enter numbers using the

numeric keypad, then select a frequency suffix. Then Enter

. Learn

more about “How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied” below.

— Optionally choose from the following:

— Previous / Next Page

Quickly scrolls through pages of Freq/Loss

data.

— Add Data

— Delete/Clear

— Delete Row

78 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Add a blank Freq/Loss pair to the table,

then:

Remove the selected Freq/Loss pair from the table.

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

— Clear All then Yes. Remove all Freq/Loss pairs from the table and

resets header information

— Press Done to close the Cable Editor.

How to Save or Recall a Cable

—Press Save Cable to save your changes to the specified Storage Device.

Enter a filename using the FieldFox labeler (see “How to use the FieldFox

labeler ” on page 546. Learn more about Cable files below

—Press Recall Cable

— Storage Device

to load a Cable file from the specified Storage Device

Changes the device used to save or recall Cable files. This

is a different setting from the Save/Recall Storage Device setting. Choose from Internal (default setting), USB (must be connected) or SD card.

About Cable files

— Cable files are saved to, and recalled from, the Cables folder. If the folder

does not already exist on a USB or SD card, it is created automatically before storing the file.

— Cable files are stored as *.xml files. Existing cable files that are preloaded

into the FieldFox firmware can be overwritten. Your edited file will NOT be overwritten when firmware is updated.

—To DELETE a Cable file, use the Manage Files feature. Learn more in

“Manage Files” on page 552.

How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied

When the cable file contains one Freq/Loss pair, that correction value is applied to the entire displayed frequency span.

When the cable file contains two or more Freq/Loss pairs, the Loss value that is used is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs and the TDR center frequency. For example, using a cable file with the following Freq/Loss pairs:

1 GHz: 0.1 dB/m

2 GHz: 0.2 dB/m

The center frequency for the measurement is determined from the calculated (Stop – Start) frequency values (seen on the second page of TDR Settings):

Calculated Start = 2.0 MHz

Calculated Stop = 3.598 GHz

Center Freq = 1.80 GHz

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 79

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

The Loss value for the measurement is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs at the Center Freq:

1 GHz = 0.1 dB/m

1.8 GHz = 0.18 dB/m

2 GHz = 0.2 dB/m

The correction for loss at 5 meters in one direction: 0.18 dB/m * 5m = 0.9 dB.

All TDR measurements correct for loss for travel down the DUT and back, so double the correction: 0.9 dB * 2 = 1.8 dB.

Window Settings

Window settings provide the ability to choose between optimizing TDR measurements for resolving closely-spaced faults or for the ability to measure low-level faults.

How to select Window settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

— Then press arrows to move to the Window row.

—Then press Edit

—Then press Window

— Maximum

and choose from the following:

(Maximum – Optimized for dynamic range) the noise floor

is lowered to provide the ability to measure low-level responses. (Default setting)

— Medium

— Minimum

– Compromise between Min and Max window settings.

– Best Response Resolution, providing the ability to resolve

between two closely-spaced responses.

—Then press Done Edit

—Again press Done

80 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

Network Analyzer Windows Frequency Span and TDR Window Selection for Step Rise Time (Approximated)

The following table shows the approximated relationship between the frequency span and the window selection for impulse width and step rise time. Refer to Figure 5-1 on page 81.

Window Low-pass step

(10% to 90%)

Minimum 0.45/ f span 0.60 / f span 1.20 / f span

Medium 0.99 / f span 0.98 / f span 1.95 / f span

Maximum 1.48 / f span 1.39 / f span 2.77 / f span

Figure 5-1 Network Analyzer TDR Rise Time

Low-pass impulse Bandpass impulse

TDR Units

By default, X-axis units for TDR measurement settings are displayed in Meters.

How to change TDR units

— With a TDR measurement present, press Freq/Dist

—Then More

then Distance Unit m feet.

— The current selection is underlined m (meters) Feet

The TDR Units setting is also available on the TDR Settings table.

Calculated TDR values

Press Next Page on the TDR Settings Table to view the following calculated Values noted on the FieldFox screen with c - <setting>

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 81

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

Start Frequency – Start frequency that is used to calculate TDR.

Stop Frequency – Stop frequency that is used to calculate TDR.

Range Resolution. Indicates the accuracy of the distance to fault

measurement. For example, with range resolution of 500 mm, if the distance to fault is 10 meters, this value could be inaccurate by +/- 500 mm or between

9.5 to 10.5 meters. This value is calculated from frequency span / resolution

(points).

Response Resolution, not displayed, indicates the distance that could be between two faults and still show as separate faults. Learn more in Window Settings in “Window Settings” on page 80.

Maximum Distance. The distance that could be viewed with the current settings. Defined by: Vf*c*Points/(2*Bandwidth) where:

— Vf = velocity factor

— c = speed of light

— Points = resolution

— Bandwidth = frequency range

Alias-free Range (On/Off)

—On = No Alias images

— Off = Alias images may appear in the response.

About Alias Faults

An alias fault is not a true device response. An alias fault appears because of the method used to convert frequency to time.

On the TDR Settings page (above) the c - Alias-free Range = Off setting indicates alias images MAY appear on the screen.

Shorter stop distances (less than 10 meters) and a higher resolution (1001 points) will be more likely to result in Alias-free Range = Off.

When the Alias-free Range = Off, the following procedure will help to determine if a response is true or an alias response:

1. Put a marker on the response in question and note the distance to the fault.

2. Change the start or stop distance.

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TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

How to Prevent Undersampling

Undersampling is when the TDR measurement is inaccurate because the frequency step size (resolution) is too large. The predominant symptom of this is when the measured impedance is incorrect. For example, when measuring a 75Ω cable, a marker that is on a part of the trace without reflections shows 56Ω.

To prevent undersampling, set TDR Sweep to Cable. If undersampling still occurs, set TDR Sweep to Auto. Then set Auto Max Frequency to a lower value. Manually increase the Resolution so that the Start Frequency setting is less than about 500 kHz.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 83

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

84 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxA User’s Guide

6 NA (Network Analyzer) Mode

Learn more about NA Mode measurements in the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm.

In this Chapter

“About S-parameters” on page 87

“Mixed-Mode S-Parameters” on page 88

“Parameter Conversion” on page 89

“Receiver Measurements” on page 90

“Multi-Trace Configurations” on page 91

“Quick Settings” on page 92

“Calibration Settings” on page 93

“Format” on page 94

“Frequency Range” on page 95

“Scale Settings” on page 95

“Magnitude Offset” on page 96

“Electrical Delay” on page 97

“Phase Offset” on page 97

“Averaging” on page 98

“IF Bandwidth” on page 99

“Smoothing” on page 99

“Single or Continuous Measure” on page 100

“Resolution (Number of Data Points)” on page 100

“Sweep Time” on page 101

“Output Power” on page 102

“System Impedance (Z0)” on page 103

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode

“Port Extensions” on page 103

“Velocity Factor” on page 104

“Increase Dynamic Range” on page 107

NA Mode Settings

Select NA Mode before making any setting in this chapter.

How to select NA Mode

—Press Mode_

—Then NA

About S-parameters

S-parameters (scattering parameters) are used to describe the way a device modifies a signal. The FieldFox can measure four S-parameters. The syntax for each parameter is described by the following:

S (out | in)

out = FieldFox receiver port

in = FieldFox source port

The FieldFox automatically switches the internal source and receivers to make both forward and reverse measurements. Therefore, the FieldFox can measure all four S-parameters with a single connection

When the source comes from port 1, the measurement is said to be in the forward direction

When the source comes from port 2, the measurement is said to be in the reverse direction

S11 and S22 reflection measurements are used to measure the amount of reflections off the corresponding DUT port. Low reflections means there is a good impedance match between the source and DUT.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 87

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

S21 and S12 transmission measurements are used to measure the loss or gain through a DUT over a specified frequency range. Both ends of the DUT must be connected to the FieldFox. The FieldFox signal source is transmitted out one of the test port connectors, through the DUT, and into the other test port connector

How to measure S-parameters

1. Press Preset then Mode Preset (Factory)

2. Press Measure 1 then choose from the following:

— S11

— S21

— S12

— S22

OR select a multi-trace configuration. Learn more on “Multi-Trace

Configurations” on page 91

3. Press Freq/Dist Frequency Range for the measurement.

4. Press BW 2 Narrower bandwidths require more time to sweep, but lowers trace noise.

5. Press Sweep 3 measurement. More data points require more time to sweep.

6. Press Cal 5

a Calibration” on page 123.

7. All other settings can be made AFTER calibration without compromising measurement accuracy.

Reflection measurement at port 1.

Forward 2-port transmission measurement.

Reverse 2-port transmission measurement. May require an

option.

Reflection measurement at port 2. May require an option.

then either Start and Stop or Center and Span to enter a

then IFBW to select the IF Bandwidth for the measurement.

then Resolution to select the number of data points for the

to calibrate the measurement. Learn more in “How to Perform

Mixed-Mode S-Parameters

In NA Mode ONLY, mixed-mode S-parameters (also known as Balanced measurements) are available with Option 212.

Because the FieldFox has only two test ports, only reflection measurements are available. Connect the balanced input or output of your DUT to the FieldFox ports 1 and 2

For highest accuracy, a Full 2-port calibration is required.

88 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

All FieldFox settings and features are supported (except Parameter Conversion) with mixed-mode S-parameters.

Learn more about Balanced Measurements with the FieldFox in the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

How to make mixed-mode S-parameter measurements

—Press Measure 1.

—Then More

— Then choose from the following:

— Scc11

— Sdd11

— Sdc11

— Scd11

To make balanced reflection measurements at the DUT output, connect the DUT output to the FieldFox ports.

Common reflect/common incident for logical port 1.

Differential reflect/differential incident for logical port 1.

Differential reflect/common incident for logical port 1.

Common reflect/differential incident for logical port 1.

Parameter Conversion

In NA Mode ONLY, converts the active S-parameter trace to an equivalent impedance (Z), admittance (Y), or reciprocal 1/S-parameter

How to select parameter conversions

—Press Measure 1

—Then select an S-parameter

—Then More

—Then Conversion

— Then choose from the following:

(default) No conversion is performed.

—Off

—Z Conv (--) or Y Conv (--)

admittance (Y). Then choose from the following for either:

——Auto

——Refl

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 89

The displayed S-parameter is converted to the appropriate Z or Y parameter: Refl for S11 and S22; Trans for S21 and S12. When the S-parameter is changed, the appropriate conversion changes automatically.

The displayed S-parameter is converted to Z or Y reflection, regardless of whether the S-parameter is reflection (S11 or S22) or transmission (S21 or S12).

Perform conversion for impedance (Z) or

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

——Trans The displayed S-parameter is converted to Z or Y

transmission, regardless of whether the S-parameter is reflection (S11 or S22) or transmission (S21 or S12).

—1/1/S

The displayed S-parameter is converted to 1/S-parameter.

Receiver Measurements

In NA Mode ONLY, you can make unratioed, uncorrected receiver measurements. These measurements are typically used as diagnostic tools for service personnel.

Receiver measurements are NOT corrected for absolute power. They are only useful for making relative measurements. The Y-Axis and markers are labeled in dB - NOT dBm. Specifically, R1 and R2, do NOT indicate the actual power levels out of the source ports.

How to make receiver measurements

—Press Measure 1

—Then More

— Then choose from the following:

A Port-1 test port (*1) B Port-2 test port (*2)

R1 Port-1 reference receiver (*1) R2 Port-2 reference receiver (*2)

, then Advanced

(*) indicates the Auto-selected source port for the measurement

Source Port The FieldFox port to provide the source signal. Choose from the

following:

—Auto The FieldFox sets the source port based on the selected receiver.

—Port 1

—Port 2

Select when measuring transmission at B receiver.

Select when measuring reverse transmission at A receiver.

Learn more about Raw Receiver Measurements at the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

90 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

Multi-Trace Configurations

In NA Mode you can display multiple traces on the FieldFox screen.

The graphic above shows a x3H configuration. Tr2 is the ACTIVE trace as indicated by the highlighted Tr2.

Trace Setting Notes

— The Frequency Range, IF BW, Resolution, Average, and Output Power

settings are common for all displayed traces.

— All other trace settings, such as measurement, format, and limit lines, are

applied individually to the ACTIVE trace in the same manner as when a single trace is present.

IMPORTANT! For CAT and NA modes, limit lines do not apply where F1 = F2.

— By default, a marker is created on ALL traces. However, they can be created

individually by disabling Coupled Markers. Learn more in

(NA Mode)” on page 487

“Coupled Markers

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 91

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

How to select a multi-trace configuration

—Press Trace 6

—Then Num of Traces

— Then choose from the following:

The default measurements depend on the options that are installed

x2H

x3H

x4H

1 trace standard configuration

2 traces overlayed on a single graticule

2 traces on separate graticules

3 traces on separate graticules

3 traces overlayed on a single graticule

4 traces on separate graticules

How to activate a trace in order to change a setting

—Use the arrows OR

—Press Trace 6

then select Trace 1, Trace 2, Trace 3, or Trace 4, Only traces

that are shown can be activated.

How to maximize the viewing of the active trace

—Press System 7

—Then Full Screen.

— Press any key to return to the standard display.

Quick Settings

How to view and change Quick Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

—Then Settings.

—Press Next Page

and Previous Page to view all settings. If these softkeys

are NOT available, then all available settings fit on one page.

— To change a setting:

—Use the arrows to highlight a setting.

—Then press Edit

. The current setting changes to yellow.

—Some settings require you to press a softkey to change the value.

Otherwise, use the numeric keypad, arrows, or rotary knob to change the value.

—When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

—Press Dock Window

to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

the trace window. The Dock Window setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following:

—Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown.

—Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window.

—Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window.

When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

Calibration Settings

NA Mode has a page specifically for making settings that pertain to Port Extensions, including Velocity Factor and Media Type.

Learn more in “Port Extensions” on page 103.

Learn more about Media Type in “Waveguide Calibrations” on page 137.

How to view and change Calibration Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then Calibration Settings

— Make these settings in the same manner as Quick Settings in the previous

section.

to save your settings.

Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide 93

Format

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

Select the display format in which to present measurement results. This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

Learn more about Display Formats in the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

The marker on screen readout can be changed to formats other than the display format. Learn more in

“Marker Format” on page 489.

How to select a NA Format

—Press Measure 1

—Then Format [current setting]

— Then choose from the following:

—Log Magnitude

—Linear

Displays positive values only. Y-axis: Unitless (U) for ratioed

Displays magnitude in dB

measurements; Watts (W) for unratioed measurements.

—VSWR

—Phase

Used mainly for S11 and S22. Displays unitless reflection data.

Displays phase in degrees. The trace ‘wraps’ every 360 degrees,

from +180 to –180, for easy scaling.

—Smith

Used mainly for S11 and S22, which are plotted on a Smith

Chart. Displays series resistance and reactance.

— More

—Polar

then…

Used mainly for S11 and S22. Displays magnitude and phase

of the reflection coefficient.

— Group Delay

Used mainly for S21 and S12. Displays signal transmission (propagation) time through a device in seconds. The Group Delay aperture is the current Smoothing aperture. Default is

1.5% of the X-axis.

——Learn how to set Smoothing aperture on “Smoothing” on

page 99.

——Learn more about Group Delay measurements at the FieldFox

Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldF ox.htm

Displays only the real (resistive) portion of the measured complex

—Real

data. The Y-axis is Unitless. Often used for Time Domain measurements.

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

—Imaginary Displays only the reactive portion of the measured complex

data. The Y-axis is Unitless.

—Z Magnitude

—Unwrap Phase

Phase is unwrapped by comparing the phase from one data point to the next. If the phase difference between two data points is greater than 180 degrees, or if the phase of the first data point is greater than 180 degrees from DC, than the phase measurement is probably NOT accurate. To ensure that the phase measurement is accurate, increase the resolution setting. When making a narrow band measurement, reduce the start frequency for the unwrapped phase measurement to ensure the first data point is less than 180 degrees from DC.

Frequency Range

Set the range of frequencies over which you would like to make measurements.

When the frequency range is changed after a calibration is performed, the cal becomes interpolated. Learn more in “Interpolation *” on page 140.

How to set Frequency Range

This can be done in two ways:

Displays the effective impedance in ohms.

Same as Phase, but without 180 degree wrapping.

—Press Freq/Dist

— Then choose from the following:

— Start

— Center

— Follow each by entering a value using the numeric keypad, the arrows,

or the rotary knob.

— After using the arrows or the rotary knob, press Enter

setting of the arrows is based on the current span and can NOT be changed in NA Mode.

— After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn more in “Multiplier

Abbreviations” on page 43.

Scale Settings

Adjust the Y-axis scale to see the relevant portions of the data trace. The Y-axis is divided into 10 graticules.

and Stop frequencies – Specify the beginning and end of the

sweep.

and Span frequencies - Specify the center frequency and

span of frequencies (half on either side of center).

. The increment

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

How to set Scale

—Press Scale / Amptd

— Then choose from the following method

—Autoscale

Automatically adjusts the Y-axis to comfortably fit the

Minimum and Maximum amplitude of the trace on the screen.

—Autoscale All

Autoscales all of the traces on the screen, useful only for

multi-trace configurations.

—3.Set Scale, acquisition, and Reference Position

——Scale

Manually enter a scale per division to view specific areas

of the trace.

——Ref Level

Manually set the value of the reference line. Enter a

negative value by pressing Run/Hold (+/-) after typing a value.

——Ref Pos

Manually set the position of the reference line. Values

must be between 0 (TOP line) and 10 (BOTTOM line)

Scale annotation on the FieldFox screen

—Reference Line = red arrow

—Ref Level = –40 dB

—Ref Position = 1

—Scale = 2 dB per division

either before or

Magnitude Offset

Magnitude Offset allows you to offset the magnitude (not phase) data by a fixed and/ or sloped value in dB. If the display format is Linear Magnitude or Real (unitless), the conversion from dB is performed and the correct amount of offset is implemented.

The Magnitude offset setting affects only the active trace.

How to set Magnitude Offset

—Press Scale / Amptd

—Then More

—Then Magnitude Offset

value.

96 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

- Offsets the entire data trace by the specified

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

—Then enter a positive or negative offset value in dB using the numeric

keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob. Press a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier abbreviations.

—And/or press Slope

with frequency. The offset slope begins at 0 Hz. and continues to the stop frequency. The offset value at the start frequency is then calculated from 0 Hz.

—Then enter a positive or negative offset slope value in dB/GHz using

Electrical Delay

Electrical delay is a mathematical function that simulates a variable length of lossless transmission line. Use the electrical delay feature to compensate for the linear phase shift through a device and view only the deviation from linear phase of the device.

You can set the electrical delay independently for each measurement trace. To apply an electrical delay to all measurement traces, use Port Extensions. Learn how in “Port Extensions” on page 103.

Learn how to set Phase formats in “Phase Offset” on page 97.

How to set Electrical Delay

- Offsets the data trace by a value that changes linearly

the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob. Press a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier abbreviations in “Multiplier

Abbreviations” on page 43.

—Press Scale / Amptd

—Then More

—Then Electrical Delay

— Enter a time value using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary

knob.

— Press a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier abbreviations in “Multiplier

Abbreviations” on page 43.

Electrical Delay can also be set using the Mkr->Delay feature. Learn how on

“Marker Functions” on page 497.

Phase Offset

Phase offset mathematically adjusts the phase measurement by a specified amount, up to 360°. Use this feature in the following ways:

Improve the display of a phase measurement. This is similar to the way you would change the acquisition in an amplitude measurement. Change the phase response to center or the response on the screen.

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

Emulate a projected phase shift in your measurement. For example, if you know that you need to add a cable and that the length of that cable will add a certain phase shift to your measurement, you can use phase offset to add that amount and simulate the complete device measurement.

You can set the phase offset independently for each measurement trace.

How to set Phase Offset

—Press Scale / Amptd

—Then More

—Then Phase Offset

— Enter a value in degrees using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the

Averaging

Averaging helps to reduce the effects of random noise on a measurement. You specify the number of measurements to be averaged. The more measurements averaged, the greater the amount of noise reduction. An average counter is shown in the left edge of the screen as Avg <n> where <n> is the number of measurements that are averaged.

rotary knob. Press Enter

Averaging can be set before or after calibration. When set before calibration, each calibration standard is measured <n> times and averaged. More time is needed to perform the calibration, but there will be less noise in the resulting error terms which means that subsequent measurements will also have less noise. In addition, noise is further reduced by continuing to average after calibration.

How to set Averaging

—Press BW 2

—Then Average <n>

where <n> is the number of measurements to average.

— Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Enter 1 for NO averaging.

—Press Enter

—Then Average Mode

Choose from the following:

—Sweep - Each data point is based on the average of the same data

point being measured over <n> consecutive sweeps. The average counter shows the number of previous sweeps that have been averaged together to form the current trace. When the counter reaches the specified count, then a ‘running average’ of the last <n> sweeps is displayed.

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

—Point - Each data point is measured <n> times and averaged before

going to the next data point. On subsequent sweeps, averaging restarts by measuring each data point again <n> times. The average counter is not updated because data is not displayed until all the averages have been applied.

—Point averaging is usually faster than sweep averaging. However, you

may need to increase the Point Average count to obtain the same level of noise reduction as with sweep averaging.

— While averaging is in process, press Sweep 3

averaging at 1.

IF Bandwidth

The FieldFox converts the received signal from its source to a lower intermediate frequency (IF). The bandwidth of the IF bandpass filter is adjustable. Reducing the IF receiver bandwidth reduces the effect of random noise on a measurement. However, narrower IF bandwidths cause longer sweep times.

How to set IF BW

— Press BW 2.

—Then IF BW

— Then choose from the following:

— 10 Hz

Smoothing

then Restart to restart the

| 100 Hz | 1 kHz | 10 kHz | 100 kHz

30 Hz | 300 Hz | 3 kHz | 30 kHz

Trace smoothing does NOT significantly increase measurement time.

Smoothing is used in Group Delay measurements, although it can be used with any NA formatEXCEPT Polar or Smith Chart. Learn more about NA Mode formats, including Group Delay, in “Format” on page 94.

When enabled, Smo appears on the FieldFox screen.

How to set Smoothing

— Press BW 2

—Then Smoothing ON OFF

—Then Sm. Aperture and enter a value between 0 and 25 (percent) using the

numeric keypad.

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

—Press Enter

Single or Continuous Measure

This setting determines whether the FieldFox sweeps continuously or only once each time the Single or to allow you to save or analyze a specific measurement trace.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

How to set Single or Continuous

—Press Sweep 3.

— Then choose one of the following:

button is pressed. Use Single to conserve battery power

— Single

make ONE sweep, then hold for the next Single key press. Hold is annotated in the upper left corner of the display when NOT sweeping, and changes to an arrow --> while the sweep occurs.

— Continuous

when battery power is not critical.

— You can also use Run / Hold +/-

Automatically sets Continuous OFF and causes FieldFox to

Makes continuous sweeps. This is the typical setting

Resolution (Number of Data Points)

Data points are individual measurements that are made and plotted across the X-axis to form a trace. Select more data points to increase measurement resolution. However, more data points also takes more time to complete an entire measurement sweep.

When the Resolution is changed after a calibration is performed, the cal becomes interpolated. Learn more in “Interpolation *” on page 140.

How to set Resolution

—Press Sweep 3

—Then Resolution

to toggle between Single and Continuous.

— Then choose from the following:

101

|201 | 401 | 601 | 801 | 1001 | 1601 | 4001 | 10001.

— Using SCPI, Resolution can be set to ANY number of points between 3 and

10001. See the Programming Guide at

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/Programming/webhelp/FFP rogrammingHelp.htm

100 Keysight N9927-90001 User’s Guide

Used Agilent Agilent Used N9918A Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1Overview

Models and Options

Accessories

Optional Accessories

FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

Conventions that are used in the Manual

Safety Notes

2 Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox

Check the Shipment

Meeting Power Requirements for the AC/DC Adapter

Install the Lithium-Ion Battery

Battery Usage

FieldFox ON/OFF Settings

Power Button LED Status

FieldFox High Temperature Protection

How to monitor the internal FieldFox temperature:

Temperature Control Mode

High-Temp Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only)

Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox

Take the FieldFox Tour

Front Panel

Top Panel

Right Side Panel

Left Side Panel

Screen Tour

How to Enter Numeric Values

Multiplier Abbreviations

Connector Care

3 CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

CAT Mode Settings

How to select CAT Mode

Measurement Selection

Quick Settings Table

Frequency Range

Scale Settings

Averaging

Smoothing

Single or Continuous Measure

Resolution (Number of Data Points)

Sweep Time

Output Power

Interference Rejection

Coupled Frequency

Return Loss Measurements

How to Measure Return Loss

1-Port Cable Loss Measurements

How to make a 1-port Cable Loss Measurement

2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements

4 DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements

How to make DTF Measurements

DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Settings Table

DTF Measurement (Format)

DTF Start and Stop Distance

Frequency Mode

Coupled Frequency

Cable (Correction) Specifications

Window Settings

DTF Units

Calculated DTF values

About Alias Faults

5 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

TDR Measurement Settings

TDR Measurement (Format)

TDR Settings Table

TDR Start and Stop Distance

TDR Sweep

Frequency Mode

Cable (Correction) Specifications

Window Settings

TDR Units

Calculated TDR values

About Alias Faults

How to Prevent Undersampling

6 NA (Network Analyzer) Mode

NA Mode Settings