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Keysight N2002A
Noise Source Test Set
User’s Guide
Notices
© Keysight Technologies, Inc.
2003-2015
No part of this manual may be
reproduced in any form or by any
means (including electronic storage
and retrieval or translation into a
foreign language) without prior
agreement and written consent from
Keysight Technologies, Inc. as
governed by United States and
international copyright laws.
Trademark Acknowledgments
Manual Part Number
N2002-90003
Edition
Edition 1, March 2015
Printed in USA/Malaysia
Published By:
Keysight Technologies
1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403
Warranty
THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS
DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,”
AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING
CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN
FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO
THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT
DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH
REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND
ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE
FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN
CONNECTION WITH THE
FURNISHING, USE, OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS
DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD
KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A
SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT
WITH WARRANTY TERMS
COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS
DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH
THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY
TERMS IN THE SEPARATE
AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software
described in this document are
furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance
with the terms of such license.
Restricted Rights Legend
U.S. Government Rights. The
Software is “commercial computer
software,” as defined by Federal
Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101.
Pursuant to FAR 12.212 and
27.405-3 and Department of Defense
FAR Supplement (“DFARS”)
227.7202, the U.S. government
acquires commercial computer
software under the same terms by
which the software is customarily
provided to the public. Accordingly,
Keysight provides the Software to
U.S. government customers under its
standard commercial license
a. The license set forth in the EULA
represents the exclusive authority by
which the U.S. government may use,
modify, distribute, or disclose the
Software. The EULA and the license
set forth therein, does not require or
permit, among other things, that
Keysight: (1) Furnish technical
information related to commercial
computer software or commercial
computer software documentation
that is not customarily provided to
the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or
otherwise provide, the government
rights in excess of these rights
customarily provided to the public to
use, modify, reproduce, release,
perform, display, or disclose
commercial computer software or
commercial computer software
documentation. No additional
government requirements beyond
those set forth in the EULA shall
apply, except to the extent that those
terms, rights, or licenses are
explicitly required from all providers
of commercial computer software
pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS
and are set forth specifically in writing
elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall
be under no obligation to update,
revise or otherwise modify the
Software. With respect to any
technical data as defined by FAR
2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and
27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the
U.S. government acquires no greater
than Limited Rights as defined in
FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c),
as applicable in any technical data..
Safety Notices
CAUTION
A CAUTION notice denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
the like that, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could
result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond a CAUTION
notice until the indicated
conditions are fully understood
and met.
WARNING
A WARNING notice denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or
the like that, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could
result in personal injury or death.
Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING notice until the
indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
iii
General Safety Information
This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication
61010-1+A1+A2:1992 Safety requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control
and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition.
The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to
ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.
WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside, refer servicing to service trained
personnel.
WARNING If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be
impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal condition (in which all means of protection
are intact only).
CAUTION This instrument is designed for use in Installation Category I and Pollution Degree 2
as per IEC 61010 and 60664 respectively.
NOTE This product does not contain an operator replaceable fuse. Disregard the marking
referring to the '~ Line Fuse'. This is not a mains operated unit.
iv
Safety Symbols
The following symbols on the instrument and in the manual indicate precautions which must be taken to
maintain safe operation of the instrument.
The Instruction Documentation Symbol. The product is marked with this symbol
when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the supplied
documentation.
This symbol indicates that a device, or part of a device, may be susceptible to
electrostatic discharges (ESD) which can result in damage to the product.
Observe ESD precautions given on the product, or its user documentation, when
handling equipment bearing this mark.
The CE mark shows that the product complies with all relevant European Legal
Directives
The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Communications
Authority. This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework
Regulations under the terms of the Radiocommunications Act of 1992.
ISM Group 1 Class A
ICES/NMB-003
This is a symbol of an Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Group 1 Class A product.
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB-003 du Canada
This equipment is Class A suitable for professional use and is for use in
electromagnetic environments outside of the home.
v
vi
Table of Co n tents
1. Using the N2002A
Introd
uction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Recommended Test Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
N2002A Verification Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Replaceable Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Contacting Keysight Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2. The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
The Calibration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Calibration Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Test Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Loading the Reference Standard’s ENR Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Overview of the ENR Measurement Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The Test Equipment Connection Diagrams for ENR Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
ENR Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Contents
Reference Standard Noise Source Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Recommended Test Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3. Using the Manual Calibration Procedure
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Before You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Recording the Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Failure During the Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ENR Manual Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The Equations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
System Uncertainty Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Reflection Coefficient Manual Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Calibrating the 8753. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Measuring the DUT over 1st Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Calibrating the 8722. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Measuring the DUT over 1st Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide vii
Contents
4. Manually Programming Data into an Keysight Smart Noise Source
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Equipment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Data Programming Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Formatting the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Editing the Data File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Programming the Data File into the SNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
5. Using the Keysight N2002A Noise Source Demonstration Software
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Additional Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Directory Structure Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Opening the VEE Pro 6.0 (.vee) Software File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Setting up the Address Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Configuring the VEE Pro 6.0 Run Time File IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Before running the Keysight N2002A Noise Source Demonstration Software . . . . . . . . .56
The ENR Measurement Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Running the Keysight N2002A Noise Source Demonstration Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Test Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
ENR Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Selecting and Measuring the Reference Standard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Selecting the Reference Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Entering Reference Standard Uncertainty Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Selecting Reference Standard Measurement Uncertainty Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Performing Reference Standard Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Selecting the DUT to be Measured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Selecting the DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Measuring a DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Copying Data to SNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Making Multi Measurement on a DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Selecting Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Setting SNS Bias Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
A:.Test Records for the 346A
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Uncertainty Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
viii Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
B:.Test Records for the 346B
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Uncertainty Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
C:.Test Records for the 346C
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Uncertainty Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
D:.Test Records for the N4000A
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Uncertainty Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
E:.Test Records for the N4001A
Contents
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Uncertainty Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
F:.Test Records for the N4002A
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Uncertainty Test Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
G:.Caring for Connectors
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Connector Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Visual Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Obvious Defects and Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Mating Plane Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Precision 7 mm Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Sexed Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Compressed Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Cleaning Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Precision 7 mm Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Cleaning Interior Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Drying Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide ix
Contents
Mechanical Inspection: Connector Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Mechanical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Precision 7mm Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Sexed Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
50 Ohm Type-N Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
75 Ohm Type-N Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Using Connector Gages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Inspecting and Cleaning the Gage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Zeroing the Gage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Measuring Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Making Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Align Connectors Carefully . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
To Make a Preliminary Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Disconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Adapters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Principles of Microwave Connector Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
x Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
Keysight Technologies
Noise Source Test Set
N2002A
1 Using the N2002A
This chapter contains specifications and typicals for the Keysight N2002A noise
source test set. The distinction between specification and typicals is described
as follows.
Specifications describe the performance of parameters covered by the product
warranty. (The temperature range is 0 ⁰C to 55 ⁰C, unless otherwise noted.)
Typical performance describes additional product performance information
that is not covered by the product warranty. It is performance beyond
specification that 80% of the units exhibit with a 95% confidence level over the
temperature range 20 ⁰C to 30 ⁰C. Typical performance does not include
measurement uncertainty.
Introduction
This manual contains operating information for the Keysight N2002A Noise Source
Test Set. It is needed when making Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) tests on a noise
source. The N2002A Noise Source Test Set operates over
10.0 MHz to 26.5 GHz.
Figure 1-1 The N2002A Noise Source Test Set
The Keysight N2002A Noise Source Test Set is controlled by a 11713A
Attenuator/Switch Driver. The 11713A can be controlled using the supplied
a frequency range of
9
Using the N2002A
Introduction
Keysight N2002A Noise Source Demonstration Software or it can be controlled
manually. These control methods are described in separate chapters.
Recommended Test Equipment
Table 2-4 on page 29 and Table 2-5 on page 30 lists the recommended test
equipment for the
coefficient magnitude and phase calibration respectively.
Limited substitution of test equipment is supported when using the Keysight
N2002A Noise Source Demonstration Software.
The noise source calibration process needs adapters and cables. The cables
and adapters are available as an option (Option 001) with the Keysight
N2002A. Keysight Technologies recommends using high quality cables and
precision adapters. You must ensure all cables and adapters are specified for
the frequency range they are operating in. You also need to ensure that they
are in good electrical and mechanical condition.
For assistance in choosing the appropriate cable/adapter, or if you are not sure
about the correct selection of cables and adapters please contact your local
Keysight sales office.
excess noise ratio (ENR) measurement and the reflection
NOTE System performance is only guaranteed if each instrument in the test
system/process is within the manufacturer’s recommended calibration
period.
CAUTION Ensure the correct torque settings are used at all times. Refer to Table G-2 on
page 126.
Before You Start
Switch the test equipment on and let it warm up for at least one hour. Allow
the Noise Sources to stabilize at the ambient room temperature. Do not use a
noise source for one hour prior to performing the tests.
Read the rest of this section before you start any of the tests.
Recording the Test Results
If you are doing the measurements manually, ensure you make a copy of the
Test Record of the model you are measuring. Test Records are provided in the
Appendices for each noise source model.
10 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
Using the N2002A
Introduction
Keysight Technologies recommend that you make a copy of the Test Record,
recording the test results on the copy, and keep the copy for your calibration
test record. This record could prove valuable in tracking gradual changes in
test results over long periods of time.
Failure During the Test Procedures
If the ENR tests fail and you suspect the N2002A or the DUT requires repair.
Please contact your local Keysight Customer Sales and Service Office for
replacement parts or repair service information. Refer to “Service” on page 19
for your local Sales and Service Offices.
Handling Precautions
Proper connector care is essential. See Appendix G:, “Caring for Connectors,”
on page 111 for more information.
CAUTION Do not rotate the Noise Source body when connecting it to the Noise Source
Test Set, or internal damage may result.
CAUTION Do not drop the noise source. Dropping can damage the unit.
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 11
Using the N2002A
Description
Description
Figure 1-2 shows the Noise Source Test Set with the cover removed.
Figure 1-3 shows the internal wiring and the reference designators of the parts
used in the Noise Source Test Set.
Figure 1-2 The Noise Source Test Set with Outer Cover Removed
Figure 1-3 The Noise Source Test Set Schematic Component Layout
12 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
Using the N2002A
Operation
Operation
This section refers to control operation of the Keysight N2002A Noise Source
Test Set. The Noise Source Test Set is controlled by a 11713A
attenuator/switch driver. The 11713A switch controlling settings are shown in
the Table 1-1. For more detailed operating instructions, refer to the Keysight
11713A Attenuator/Switch Driver Operating and Service Manual (Part number
11713-90023).
NOTE Connect the X and Y Drive cables between the rear panels of the Noise
Source Test Set and the 11713A Attenuator/Switch Driver.
Table 1-1 11713A Attenuator/Switch Driver Settings
Frequency Path (MHz) Attenuator X Attenuator Y Switches
1234567890
10 to <3000 xx
3000 to 6000 x x
<6000 to 12000 x x
>12000 to 18000 x x
>18000 to 26500 x x
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 13
Maintenance
N2002A Verification Test
Using the N2002A
Maintenance
Proper connector care is a vital part of the maintenance which should be
performed by the user. The life of the connector can be greatly extended by
following the general connector care practices outlined in Appendix G:,
“Caring for Connectors,” on page 111.
The verification test procedure involves confirming that the N2002A Noise
Source Test Set’s switch paths are functioning and the VSWR meets its typical
limit. Tab le 1-2 lists the typical VSWR limit and the switch positions on the
11713A.
Equipment Required
— Network analyzer frequency coverage from 10 MHZ to 26.5 GHz.
— Appropriate network analyzer calibration kits.
— Keysight 11713A Attenuator / Switch Driver.
— Viking cables for connection to 11713A.
Connections Required
Connect the Viking control cables from the rear of the 11713A
attenuator/switch driver to the rear of the N2002A Noise Source Test Set.
Connect Atten X on the 11713A to the Attenuator X on the N2002A and Atten
Y on the 11713A to Attenuator Y on the N2002A.
Table 1-2 Typical VSWR
Frequency Typical VSWR
Limit
10 MHz 1:1.05 0 On, 9 On
100 MHz 1:1.05 0 On, 9 On
1 GHz 1:1.05 0 On, 9 On
2 GHz 1:1.05 0 On, 9 On
3 GHz 1:1.05 0 On, 9 On
4 GHz 1:1.1 1 On, 5 On
5 GHz 1:1.1 1 On, 5 On
Switch
Positions
6 GHz 1:1.1 1 On, 5 On
7 GHz 1:1.15 3 On, 7 On
8 GHz 1:1.15 3 On, 7 On
14 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
Using the N2002A
Maintenance
Table 1-2 Typical VSWR
Frequency Typical VSWR
Limit
9 GHz 1:1.15 3 On, 7 On
10 GHz 1:1.15 3 On, 7 On
11 GHz 1:1.15 3 On, 7 On
12 GHz 1:1.15 3 On, 7 On
13 GHz 1:1.15 2 On, 6 On
14 GHz 1:1.15 2 On, 6 On
15 GHz 1:1.15 2 On, 6 On
16 GHz 1:1.15 2 On, 6 On
17 GHz 1:1.15 2 On, 6 On
18 GHz 1:1.15 2 On, 6 On
19 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
20 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
21 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
Switch
Positions
22 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
23 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
24 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
25 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
26 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
26.5 GHz 1:1.18 4 On, 8 On
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 15
Using the N2002A
General Specifications
General Specifications
NOTE This instrument is designed for indoor use only.
Table 1-3 Physical Dimension Specifications
Height 88.5 mm (3.5 inches)
Width 212.6 mm (8.5 inches)
Depth 348.3 mm (13.7 inches)
Weight 3.36 kg
Temperature Range
Humidity Range
Altitude Range
Operating: 0
Storage: -40
Operating: Up to 95% relative humidity to 40
Operating: To 4,600 meters
⁰C to +55 ⁰C
⁰C to +70 ⁰C
⁰C (non-condensing)
16 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
Using the N2002A
Replaceable Parts
Replaceable Parts
Table 1-4 and Table 1-5 lists the replaceable parts available for the Keysight
N2002A Noise Sources Test Set.
Table 1-4 Replaceable Parts
Reference Quantity Description Part Number
A1 1 18GHz - 26.5GHz Isolator N2002-80001
A2 1 12GHz - 18GHz Isolator N2002-80002
A3 1 6GHz - 12GHz Isolator N2002-80003
A4 1 3GHz - 6GHz Isolator N2002-80004
A5 1 3dB Attenuator 8493C
J1, J2 2 Bulkhead Connector 5062-1247
S1, S2 2 Multi-port Switch 8769K
W1 1 Semi rigid cable N2002-62003
W2, W3 2 Semi rigid cable N2002-62007
W4 1 Semi rigid cable N2002-62006
W5 1 Semi rigid cable N2002-62005
W6 1 Semi rigid cable N2002-62008
W7 1 Semi rigid cable N2002-62002
W8, W9 2 Viking cable N2002-62001
W10 1 Semi rigid cable N2002-62004
To order parts contact your local Keysight Technologies Sales and Service
Office. Refer to “Service” on page 19 for your local Sales and Service Offices
Table 1-5 Replaceable Parts
Description Quantity Part Number
Front Frame 1 N2002-20001
EMI Screen 1 N2002-20002
Front Panel 1 N2002-00003
Chassis 1 N2002-00005
Base Plate 1 N2002-00002
Switch Support 1 N2002-00001
Rear Panel 1 N2002-00004
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 17
Using the N2002A
Replaceable Parts
Table 1-5 Replaceable Parts
Description Quantity Part Number
Rear Bezel 1 E4418-20008
Cover 1 E4418-61027
Front Bumper 1 34401-86011
Rear Bumper 1 34401-86012
Handle 1 34401-45011
18 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
Service
Using the N2002A
Service
Contacting Keysight Technologies
When returning a Noise Source Test Set to Keysight Technologies for repair
send it to your nearest Sales and Service Office. These are listed in Table 1-6.
FAQs, instrument software updates, documentation, and other support
information can be accessed from this site.
To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the
nearest Keysight office listed in Table 1-6. In any correspondence or telephone
conversations, refer to the instrument by its model number (N9030A) and full
serial number (ex. MY49250887). With this information, the Keysight
representative can quickly determine whether your unit is still within its
warranty period.
Table 1-6
By internet, phone, or fax, get assistance with all your test and measurement
needs.
Americas
Country Phone Number
Canada (877) 894 4414
Brazil 55 11 3351 7010
Mexico 001 800 254 2440
United States 1 800 829-4444
Asia Pacific
Country Phone Number
Australia 1 800 629 485
China 800 810 0189
Hong Kong 800 938 693
India 1 800 112 929
Japan 0120 (421) 345
Korea 080 769 0800
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 19
Using the N2002A
Service
Asia Pacific
Country Phone Number
Malaysia 1 800 888 848
Singapore 1 800 375 8100
Taiwan 0800 047 866
Other AP Countries (65) 6375 8100
Europe and Middle
Country Phone Number
Austria 0800 001122
Belgium 0800 58580
Finland 0800 523252
France 0805 980333
Germany 0800 6270999
Ireland 1800 832700
Israel 1 809 343051
Italy 800 599100
Luxembourg +32 800 58580
Netherlands 0800 0233200
Russia 8800 5009286
Spain 0800 000154
Sweden 0200 882255
Switzerland 0800 805353
Opt. 1 (DE)
Opt. 2 (FR)
Opt. 3 (IT)
United Kingdom 0800 0260637
20 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
Keysight Technologies
Noise Source Test Set
N2002A
2 The Noise Source Calibration Process and
Recommended Test Equipment
The Calibration Process
The calibration process consists of two performance verification tests:
— Excess Noise Ratio (ENR dB) test.
— Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase tests.
The performance verification test procedures verify the electrical performance
to traceable standards of the following Keysight noise sources in accordance
with their published specification.
— 346A
— 346B
— 346C
— N4000A
— N4001A
— N4002A
NOTE The noise source calibration process also allows you to calibrate both
Keysight Technologies and other manufacturer’s noise sources operating
between 10.0 MHz and 26.5 GHz.
NOTE All tests are performed without access to the interior of the noise source.
21
The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
The Calibration Process
NOTE The noise source calibration process also allows you to calibrate additional
measurement frequency points other than the standard card inal points. The
measurement frequency points are determined by the frequency entries in the
ENR table.
The maximum measurement frequency/ENR pairs is 81.
Calibration Cycle
The noise sources require periodic verification of operational performance.
Under normal use and environmental conditions, a noise source is calibrated at
12 month intervals.
22 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
Test Descriptions
Test Descriptions
Excess Noise Ratio (ENR dB)
The Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) test is based on comparing the DUT test results
to a reference standard test resul ts. The reference standard is a calibrated
noise source with known ENR values. Measurements are taken on both the
reference standard and the DUT. The DUT ENR values are derived from these
resul ts.
These results verify that the noise source meets its published specification. The
specifications are provided in Table 2-1 on page 25.
The measurements are generally made at the cardinal frequencies points,
however, the NFA can allow up to 81 frequency/ENR pairs to be stored. The
suppled test records in the appendices only contain the cardinal frequency
points, therefore you need to create test record to increase this quantity.
NOTE The test should be performed within an environmental ambient temperature
of 296 ±1K (23° ±1°C).
Loading the Reference Standard’s ENR Data
Step 1. If you are using an SNS as a Reference Standard, the NFA uploads its ENR
data automatically. The NFA needs enabled to make this happen
automatically.
NOTE Further information on loading SNS ENR data, refer to the NFA User’s Guide.
Step 2. If you are using a 346x as a Reference Standard. you can use one of the
following methods:
—The A: drive.
—The C: drive.
— Create a file from the data supplied with the noise source, for example, the
certificate of calibration or the floppy disc.
— If you only want to calibrate the ENR data on a 346x noise source you can
use the ENR data on the noise source label.
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 23
The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
Test Descriptions
Overview of the ENR Measurement Procedure
The process operates in the following method:
NOTE The ENR values of the reference standard (ENR1) are known.
Step 1. Connect the test equipment together as shown in Figure 2-1.
Step 2. Set the test equipment to the measure the first frequency point.
Step 3. Measure a linear Y-Factor on the reference standard.
Step 4. On the Test Record note the result under the (Y
Step 5. Set the test equipment to the measure the next frequency point and repeat
the process until all the measurement points are complete.
Step 6. Remove the reference standard from the N2002A input and connect the DUT.
Step 7. Set the test equipment to the measure the first frequency point.
Step 8. Measure linear Y-Factor on the DUT.
Step 9. On the Test Record note the result under the (Y
Step 10. Repeat this process for the remaining measurement points.
Step 11. Using these measurement results, entering them in the equations, calculate
the ENR and the uncertainty values.
The Test Equipment Connection Diagrams for ENR Measurements
Figure 2-1 ENR Measurements
) column.
1
) column.
2
24 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
Test Descriptions
ENR Specifications
NOTE Specifications are valid at ambient temperature 23⁰ Celsius only (296 K).
Table 2-1 ENR Range for the Noise Sources
Instrument Model ENR Range
N4000A/346A 4.5 - 6.5 dB
N4001A/346B 14 - 16 dB
N4002A/346C 12 - 17 dB
Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase
The Reflection Coefficient test measures the input magnitude and phase of the
noise source under test and verifies that it meets its published specification.
The specifications are provided in Table 2-2 on page 27 and Table 2-3 on
page 27. The tests are measured in the Source ON and OFF states.
The specified frequency ranges are swept for the maximum magnitude and
phase and the resultant maximum value is displayed on the VNA. The test also
measures the magnitude and phase at cardinal (pre-determined) frequency
points. These cardinal frequency points depend on the model and option being
tested.
The test equipment is connected together as shown in Figure 2-2 on page 26.
Overview of the Reflection Coefficient Magnitude and Phase
Measurement Procedure
NOTE The procedure requires network analyzer frequency range coverage from 10.0
MHz to 26.5 GHz. This procedures uses two VNAs, the 8753 is used to cover
the range 10.0 MHz to 3.0 GHz, and the 8722 is used to cover the range 3.0
GHz to 26.5 GHz.
The procedure operates in the following method:
Step 1. Calibrate the 8753 over the specified range, for example, 10.0 MHz to
1.5 GHz.
Step 2. Measure the DUT’s reflection coefficient, in an OFF and ON state, over the
specified range, for example, 10.0 MHz to 1.5 GHz.
Step 3. Note these resultant values on the Test Record.
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 25
The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
Test Descriptions
Step 4. Measure the DUT’s reflection coefficient, in an OFF and ON state, at the
cardinal frequency points in the specified range.
Step 5. Note these resultant values on the Test Record.
Step 6. Repeat the Calibration and Measurement process using the 8753 over the
specified range, for example, 1.5 GHz to 3.0 GHz.
Step 7. Calibrate the 8722 over the specified range, for example, from 3.0 GHz to 7.0
GHz.
Step 8. Measure the DUT’s reflection coefficient, in an OFF and ON state, over the
specified range, for example, 3.0 GHz to 7.0 GHz.
Step 9. Note these resultant value on the Test Record.
Step 10. Measure the DUT’s reflection coefficient, in an OFF and ON state, at the
cardinal frequency points in the specified range.
Step 11. Note these resultant values on the Test Record.
Step 12. Repeat the Calibration and Measurement process using 8722 over the
specified range, for example, 3.0 GHz to 7.0 GHz
The Test Equipment Connection Diagrams for Reflection and Phase
Measurements
Figure 2-2 Reflection and Phase Measurements
26 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
Test Descriptions
Reflection and Phase Specifications
Table 2-2 Reflection Coefficient for 346x Noise Source
Frequency Range Model
346A 346B 346C
10.0 MHz to 30.0 MHz 0.13 0.13 0.11
30.0 MHz to 5.0 GHz 0.07 0.07 0.11
5.0 GHz to 18.0 GHz 0.11 0.11 0.11
18.0 GHz to 26.5 GHz ---------------- ---------------- 0.15
Table 2-3 Reflection Coefficient for the N400xA SNS
Frequency Range Model
N4000A N4001A N4002A
10.0 MHz to 1.5 GHz 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.5 GHz to 3.0 GHz 0.02 0.07 0.10
3.0 GHz to 7.0 GHz 0.06 0.09 0.10
7.0 GHz to 18.0 GHz 0.10 0.11 0.11
18.0 GHz to 26.5 GHz ---------------- ---------------- 0.15
Keysight N2002A User’s Guide 27
The Noise Source Calibration Process and Recommended Test Equipment
Reference Standard Noise Source Selection
Reference Standard Noise Source Selection
The reference standard selection defines the measurement frequencies of both
the reference standard and the DUT. Both the reference standard and the DUT
must be measured at the same frequency points.
The accuracy of the DUT’s ENR measurement results is dependent on the
calibration accuracy of the reference standard. Also, a proportion of the DUT’s
measurement uncertainty is based on the reference standard’s measurement
uncertainty. Therefore, to maximize the measurement accuracy and minimize
the measurement uncertainty, a reference standard that has been calibrated by
a national standards laboratory is recommended.
NOTE
NOTE A Reference Standard’s ENR values are valid at calibration temperature only.
A Reference Standard’s uncertainty values are only valid at ambient
temperature 23°C ±1°C (296K).
More than one reference standard may be required for more accurate results.
Keysight Technologies recommend using the same type of reference standard
as the noise source being measured.
The ENR measurement process requires various adapters and cables. For more
accurate results Keysight Technologies recommend using high quality cables
and precision adapters. Care should be taken to ensure all cables and adapters
are specified for the frequency range in which they are used and that they are
in good electrical and mechanical condition.
Keysight Technologies noise sources can be used at non-standard (not
cardinal) frequency points by creating an ENR table containing the wanted
measurement frequency points. However, the ENR values and the ENR
uncertainty values of the reference standard must be manually interpolated
from the supplied data.
28 Keysight N2002A User’s Guide
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