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Agilent E4418B Power Meter

User’s Guide

Agilent Technologies

Notices

CAUTION

WARNING

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

E4418-90032

Edition

Eighth Edition, April 5, 2013

Printed in Malaysia

Agilent Technologies, Inc. 3501 Stevens Creek Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA

Warranty

The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Restricted Rights Legend

U.S. Government Restricted Rights. Software and technical data rights granted to the federal government include only those rights customarily provided to end user customers. Agilent provides this customary commercial license in Software and technical data pursuant to FAR 12.211 (Technical Data) and 12.212 (Computer Software) and, for the Department of Defense, DFARS

252.227-7015 (Technical Data - Commercial Items) and DFARS 227.7202-3 (Rights in Commercial Computer Software or Computer Software Documentation).

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

ii E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Certification

Warranty

Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of 3 years from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges, duties and taxes for products returned to Aglent Technologies from another country. Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide iii

Exclusive Remedies

WARNING

CAUTION

Warnings and Cautions

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL or CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT or ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards.

A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or the loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A caution calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or the destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed beyond a caution until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Recommended Calibration Interval

iv E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Agilent Technologies recommends a two- years calibration cycle for the E4418B EPM Series power meter.

Safety Symbols

The following symbol on the instrument and in the documentation indicates precautions that must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument.

Caution, risk of danger. The

Instruction Documentation Symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the supplied documentation.

Alternating current (AC).

This symbol indicates the operating switch for ‘Stand-by’ mode. Note, the

strument is NOT isolated from the mains when the switch is pressed.

in To isolate the instrument, the mains coupler (mains input cord) should be removed from the power supply.

This symbol indicates the operating switch for ‘On’ mode).

External Protective Earth While this is a Class I product, provided with a protective earthing conductor in a power cord, an external protective earthing terminal has also been provided. This terminal is for use where the earthing cannot be assured. At least an 18AWG earthing conductor should be used in such an instance, to ground the instrument to an assured earth terminal.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide v

Terminal.

Personal Safety Considerations

WARNING

CAUTION

This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside the instrument is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited

If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal condition (in which all means of protection are intact) only. No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers. For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuses of the same type and rating (for example, normal blow, time delay, etc.). The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.

General Safety Considerations

Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has been properly grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet provided with protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside the instrument or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in personal injury.

vi E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by trained service personnel.

Regulatory Markings

The CE mark shows that the product complies with all the relevant European legal Directives (if accompanied by a year, it signifies when the design was proven.

This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.

t appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.

This is the symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A

produc

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards

ation.

Associ

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide vii

IEC 1010-1 Compliance

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 61010-1 +A1:1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.

Statement of Compliance

This product has been designed and tested for compliance with IEC 60529 (1989) Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code). Level IPx4 is attained if, and only if, the carry case( Agilent Technologies part number 34141A) is fitted.

User Environment

This product is designed for use in a sheltered environment (avoiding extreme weather conditions) in accordance with Pollution Degree 3 defined in IEC 60664-1, with the carry case (Agilent Technologies part number 34141A) fitted over the instrument.

The product is suitable for indoor use on fitted.

ly, when this carry case is not

Installation Instructions

To avoid unnecessary over-temperature conditions, while this carry case is fitted do not apply an ac mains supply voltage, only operate your Agilent Technologies E4418B from the battery pack.

viii E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Regulatory Information

N279

Sound Emission

Herstellerbescheinigung

Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der Maschinenlarminformationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991.

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

• Am Arbeitsplatz.

• Normaler Betrieb.

• Nach DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

Manufacturers Declaration

This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

• At operator position.

• Normal operation.

• According to ISO 7779 (Type Test).

Australian EMC Regulations

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia. This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework Regulations under the terms of the Radiocommunications Act of 1992.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide ix

Declaration of Conformity (DoC)

NOTE

The Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for this instrument is available on the Web site. You can search the DoC by its product model or description.

http://regulations.corporate.a

If you are unable to search for the respective DoC, please contact your local Agilent representative.

gilent.com/DoC/search.htm

x E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

List of Related Publications

The Agilent E4418B is also available in the following languages:

• English Language User’s Guide - Option ABA

• German Language User’s Guide - Option ABD

• Spanish Language User’s Guide - Option ABE

• French Language User’s Guide - Option ABF

• Italian Language User’s Guide - Option ABZ

• Japanese Language User’s Guide - Option ABJ

Agilent Technologies E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide (Engli language only) is also supplied with the above options except Option ABA. For Option ABA, the Programming Guide is available only by ordering Option 0BF.

Agilent Technologies E4418B/E4419B Service Guide is av ordering Option 915.

Agilent Technologies E4418B/E4419B CLIPs (Component Location and

formation Pack) is available by ordering E4418-90031.

Useful information on SCPI (Standard Commands for Instruments) can be found in:

Beginner’s Guide to SCPI, which is available by ordering Agilent

• A Technologies Part Number 5010-7166.

• The SCPI reference manuals which are available from: SCPI Consortium, 8380 Hercules Drive, Suite P3, La Mesa, CA 91942, USA. Telephone: 619-697-4301 Fax: 619-697-5955

Programmable

ailable by

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide xi

Agilent Technologies E4418B Options

The Agilent E4418B power meters have the following options available:

• Option 001, supplies an internal rec instrument functionality when access to an ac power outlet is not available.

• Option 002, supplies parallel rear p reference oscillator output is on the front panel.

• Option 003, supplies parallel rear p reference oscillator output is also on the rear panel.

• Option 004, deletes the Agilent 11730

• Option 0BO, deletes manual set.

• Option 908, provides rackmount kit for one instrument.

• Option 909, provides rackmount kit for two instruments.

• Option 915, provides the Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide.

• Option 916, provides an additional Agilent Agilent E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide.

• Option 1BN, provides MIL-STD 45662A, Certificate of Calibration.

• Option 1BP, provides MIL-STD-45662A, Certificate of Calibration and data.

Available Accessories

hargeable battery providing full

anel sensor input(s). The power

A sensor cable(s) provided.

E4418B User’s Guide and

• Agilent 34161A accessory pouch

• Agilent 34141A yellow soft carry/operating case

• Agilent 34131A basic instrument transit case

• Agilent E9287A spare battery pack - for instruments fitted with option

only

001

• Agilent 34397A 12 Vdc to 115 Vac inverter (Option 0E3 230 V)

• The following Agilent power sensor cables are available:

• Agilent 11730A 1.5 m (7.5 ft)

• Agilent 11730B 3 m (10 ft)

• Agilent 11730C 6.1 m (20 ft)

• Agilent 11730D 15.2 m (50 ft)

• Agilent 11730E 30.5 m (100 ft)

• Agilent 11730F 61 m (200 ft)

xii E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

About this Guide

Getting Started Chapter 1 This chapter prepares the power meter for use

and helps you to get familiar with a few of the front panel features.

Power Meter Operation Chapter 2 This chapter gives a detailed

description of the capabilities and operation of the power meter. You will

ind this chapter useful when you are operating the power meter from the

f front panel.

Menu Reference Chapter 3 This chapter details diagrammatically the

menu maps for the power meter. It also gives a description of all the power

s keys.

meter’

Error Messages Chapter 4 This chapter lists the error messages that may

appear as you are working with the power meter. Each description

tains information to help you diagnose and solve the problem.

con

Specifications Chapter 5 This chapter lists the power meter’s

specifications and describes how to interpret these specifications.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide xiii

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xiv E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Certification iii

Warranty iii

Limitation of Warranty iii

Exclusive Remedies iv

Warnings and Cautions iv

Safety Symbols v

Personal Safety Considerations vi

General Safety Considerations vi

Regulatory Markings vii

IEC 1010-1 Compliance viii

Statement of Compliance viii

User Environment viii

Installation Instructions viii

Regulatory Information ix

List of Related Publications xi

Agilent Technologies E4418B Options xii

Available Accessories xii

About this Guide xiii

1 Getting Started

Introduction 2

Turning On the Power Meter 3

The Front Panel at a Glance 5

The Display Layout 8

Selecting Your Display Layout 11

Window Symbols 14

Warning Symbol 14

Confirmation Window 14

Wait Symbol 15

One of N Entry Window 15

Numeric or Alphanumeric Entry Window 15

The Rear Panel at a Glance 16

Adjusting the Carrying Handle 18

Rack Mounting the Power Meter 19

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide xv

2 Power Meter Operation

Introduction 22

Battery Operation (Option 001) 24

General Information 24

Running Time 25

Charging Times 26

Backlight 26

Battery Removal/Replacement 27

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter 29

Zeroing the Power Meter 29

Zero/Cal Lockout 29

Calibrating the Power Meter 30

Calibration Procedure Using Agilent E-Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors

(excluding Option CFT) 30

Calibration Procedure using Agilent 8480 Series power sensors and N8480 Series Power

Sensors with Option CFT 31

Zeroing and Calibrating Using TTL Inputs 35

Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors (excluding Option CFT) 39

Procedure 39

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors with Option CFT 41

Procedure 41

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables 44

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table 45

Making the Measurement 45

Editing Sensor Calibration Tables 46

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables 53

Selecting a Frequency Dependent Offset Table 54

Making the Measurement 55

Editing Frequency Dependent Offset Tables 56

Setting the Units of Measurement 59

Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys 60

Making Relative Measurements 61

Procedure 61

Setting the Resolution 62

xvi E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Setting Offsets 63

Setting Channel Offsets 63

Setting Display Offsets 64

Setting Averaging 65

Step Detection 67

Measuring Pulsed Signals 68

Setting Measurement Limits 70

Setting Channel Limits 70

Setting Window Limits 72

Checking for Limit Failures 74

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display 76

Setting the Range 79

Configuring the Remote Interface 80

GPIB 80

RS232/RS422 81

Remote Interface Overview 83

Programming Language Selection 85

Recorder Output 86

Leveling a Source Output 87

Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations 88

How Measurements are Calculated 90

Presetting the Power Meter 91

Preset Conditions 91

Self Test 94

Power On Self Test 94

Front Panel Selection of Self Tests 95

Remote Testing 97

Test Descriptions 98

Operator Maintenance 101

Replacing the Power Line Fuse 101

Contacting Agilent Technologies 103

Before calling Agilent Technologies 103

Check the Basics 104

Instrument serial numbers 104

Sales and Service Offices 106

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide xvii

Returning Your Power Meter for Service 107

3 Menu Reference

Introduction 110

The Front Panel Menu Maps 111

dBm/W Menu 111

Frequency/Cal Fac Menu 112

Meas Setup Menu 113

Rel/Offset Menu 114

Save/Recall Menu 114

System Inputs Menu (1 of 4) 115

System Inputs Menu (2 of 4) 116

System Inputs Menu (3 of 4) 117

System Inputs Menu (4 of 4) 118

Zero/Cal Menu 119

Front Panel Menu Reference 120

Diagrammatical keys 142

4 Error Messages

Introduction 146

Error Messages 148

5 Specifications

Introduction 156

Power Meter Specifications 157

Meter 157

Accuracy 158

1 mW Power Reference1 160

Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics 161

Measurement Speed 161

Zero Drift of Sensors 161

Measurement Noise 162

Settling Time 165

Power Sensor Specifications 169

Battery Option 001 Operational Characteristics 170

xviii E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

General Characteristics 171

Rear Panel Connectors 171

Environmental Characteristics 172

General Conditions 172

Operating Environment 172

Storage Conditions 172

General 173

Dimensions 173

Weight 173

Safety 173

Remote Programming 174

Nonvolatile Memory 174

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide xix

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xx E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 2-1 Battery Status 25 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Rmt I/O Port TTL Inputs 35

Figure 2-1 Battery Status 25 Figure 2-4 Figure 2-5 “Edit Cal Screen” 47

Figure 2-6 “Offset Tbls” Screen 54 Figure 2-7 Figure 2-8 Effect of Offsets on a Channel Measurement 64

Figure 2-9 Averaged Readings 66 Figure 2-10

Figure 2-11 Limits Checking Application 71 Figure 2-12

Figure 2-13 Remote I/O TTL Outputs 73 Figure 2-14

Figure 2-15 Digital Display 76 Figure 2-16

Figure 2-17 Digital and Analog Display 76 Figure 2-17

Figure 2-18 RS232/ 422 Pin Assignment 81 Figure 2-19

Figure 2-20 Test Setup for Recording Swept Measurements 86 Figure 2-21

Figure 2-22 How Measurements are Calculated 90 Figure 2-23 Re Figure 4-1

Battery Removal/Replacement 28

“Sensor Tbls” Screen 45

“Edit” Screen 56

Pulsed Signal 68

Limits Checking Results 71

Pass/Fail Limit Indicators 75

Analog Display 76

Digital and Analog Display 76

Interface Overview Examples 84

“Save/Recall” Screen 89

placing the fuse 102

Error Annunciator Position 146

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide xxi

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xxii E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

List of Tables

Ta b l e 1-1 Relevant Softkeys in Various Mode of Operation 10 Ta b l e 1-2 Ta b l e 2-1 Ta b l e 2-2 TTL Inputs Control Logic 35 Ta b l e 2-3 TTL Input Timing Diagram 1 36 Ta b l e 2-4 TTL Inputs Timing Diagram 2 37 Ta b l e 2-5 Measurement Units 59 Ta b l e 2-6 Range of Values for Window Limits 72 Ta b l e 3-1 Combination of Sensor Type and Correction Applied to Current Measurement 121 Ta b l e 5-1 Zero Set Specifications 158 Ta b l e 5-2 Noise Multiplier 162 Ta b l e 5-3 Power Sensor Specifications± 162 Ta b l e 5-4 Settling Time 165 Ta b l e 5-5 Settling Time 166 Ta b l e 5-6 Settling Time 168

List of Possible Combinations for the Upper and Lower Display Lines 10

Power Sensor Connection Requirements 33

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide xxiii

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xxiv E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

1 Getting Started

Introduction 2 Turning On the Power Meter 3 The Front Panel at a Glance 5 The Display Layout 8 Window Symbols 14 The Rear Panel at a Glance 16 Adjusting the Carrying Handle 18 Rack Mounting the Power Meter 19

Agilent Technologies

1Getting Started

NOTE

Introduction

One of the first things you will want to do with your power meter is to switch it on and become acquainted with its front panel. The sections in this chapter prepare the power meter for use and help you get familiar with some of the front panel operations.

The front panel consists of both keys and softkeys which allow you to select

us functions and operations. When some keys are selected, the

vario corresponding softkey labels are displayed on the power meter display.

If you are using the power meter remotely, refer to the Ag Technologies E4418B/4419B Programming Guide details.

The N8480 Series power sensors used in this user’s guide is refering to all sensors from the N8480 Series unless otherwise stated.

for remote operating

ilent

2 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Turning On the Power Meter

CAUTION

NOTE

The following steps show you how to turn on the power meter and verify that it is operating correctly.

1 C

onnect the power cord and turn on the power meter.

The front panel display and the green power LED light up when the power met

er is switched on. The power meter performs its power on self test. If the self test is not successful, the error annunciator turns on. If this occurs, contact your Agilent Technologies Sales and Service office for instructions on returning the power meter to Agilent Technologies for service.

This instrument is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

This instrument has an autoranging line voltage input, be sure the supply voltage is within the range of 85 to 264 Vac.

Getting Started 1

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 3

If the power meter has been stored at extremely low temperatures out of the operating range of the power meter, the display may take a few minutes to operate.

1Getting Started

2 Set t

3 Connect

4 M

he display contrast if required.

The display contrast is adjusted by pressing and . If these

softkeys are not displayed, press repeatedly until they appear.

a power sensor.

Connect one end of the sensor cable to the power meter’s channel input and th

e other end to the power sensor.

aking a measurement.

A minimum warm- up time of 30 minutes is recommended before accurate measurements can

Prior to making your first measurement, you must zero and calibrate the sen

sor and meter combination. Refer to Chapter 2 for further information if you are not familiar wit measurements with a power meter.

be made.

h zeroing, calibrating or making

4 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

The Front Panel at a Glance

9101112

Getting Started 1

This key allows you to preset the power meter if you are currently working in

local mode (that is, front panel operation). In local mode, a confirmation pop- up window is displayed prior to a preset being carried out. However, if you are in remote mode (that is, GPIB, RS232, or RS422 operation), then pressing this key places the power meter in local mode provided local lock out (LLO) is not enabled.

eys relating to the display layout.

2 K

This key allows you to select the upper or lower measurement

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 5

window on the power meter’s display. The highlighted by a shadowed box. Any measurement setup you create is implemented in the selected window.

This key allows you to choose either a one or a two window display.

window which is selected is

1Getting Started

This key switches the power meter between on and standby. When the

wer meter is switched to standby (that is, when this key has not been

po selected but the line power is connected to the instrument) the red LED is lit. When the power meter is switched on, the green LED is lit.

Option 001 Battery: On standby with the battery installed and the AC

wer source disconnected, the red LED is off.

4 “Syst

6 Dedic

7 Dedicat

8 Channel Input.

9 PO

em/Inputs” key with softkey menu.

The key allows access to softkey menus which affect the general power meter system setup, (for example t softkey menus which effect the setup of the channel inputs. Refer to

Chapter 3 for further information about this key and its softkey menu.

This key is the only one that is completely dedicated to the control of the po

wer meter as a system. The only other key which affects system parameters is the key. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about this key and its softkey menu.

ated “Window” keys with softkey menus.

, ,

These keys allow access to softkey menus which affect the setup of the measurement windo about these keys and their softkey menus.

ed “Channel” keys with softkey menus.

These keys allow access to softkey menus which af channel. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about these keys and their softkey menus.

The AGILENT E4418B has one sensor input. Power meters configured with Options panel.

The power reference output is a 50 Ω type- 1 mW at 50 MHz is used for calibrating the sensor and meter combination.

ower meters configured with Option 003 have the power reference on the

P rear panel.

002 or 003 have the sensor inputs on the rear panel and the front

WER REF Output.

ws. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information

he GPIB address) and also to

fect the measurement

N connector. The output signal of

6 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Getting Started 1

row keys.

10 Ar

, , , and keys allow you to move the position of the cursor, select fields for editing and edit alphanumeric characters. Refer to

Chapter 3 for further information.

11 Menu r

bottom right of the power meter display indicates the number of pages in

he menu. For example, if “1 of 2” is displayed, pressing moves you

to “2 of 2”. Pressing again moves you back to “1 of 2”.

Repeatedly pressing accesses a menu which allows you to increase

and decrease the display contrast.

12 Sof

These four keys are used to make a selection from the menus.

elated keys.

This key allows you to move through all pages of a menu. The

This key allows you to move back one level in the softkey menu.

tkeys.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 7

1Getting Started

9101112

The Display Layout

The following figure details the display layout when two measurement windows are displayed, one analog and one digital. However, it is possible using the key to display just one measurement window.

1 The st

8 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

2 The me

atus reporting line displays five fields, three associated with either GPIB, RS232, or RS422 status and two associated with error and warning conditions. The first field displays either “RMT” (remote, GPIB, RS232, or RS422 operation) or “LCL” (local, front panel operation).

For GPIB operation, the second field displays “TLK” if the power

er is addressed to talk or “LSN” if it is addressed to listen.

met The third field indicates an “SRQ” (service request).

For RS232 and RS422 operation, the second field displays “RX”

n data is being received. The third field displays “TX” when

whe the power meter is transmitting data.

The fourth field indicates “ERR” for any error conditions. The last f

rectangular windows depending on the setting of . Pressing

ield is used to report error and warning messages.

asurement data is displayed in either one or two

allows you to toggle between a one or two window display.

Getting Started 1

When two windows are displayed and this k displayed is the one which was previously highlighted with the shadowed box. On the two window display, the measurement setup menus work on the window which is shadowed.

3 This is t

4 This f

5 This w

measurement result and the meter scaling.

6 Thi

example, “1 of 2” indicates that there are two pages of softkeys and you are on the first page. Pressing moves you to page “2 of 2”.

7 An

8 Thi

meter is initially switched on, the “Contrast” menu is displayed and if you press “Zero/Cal” is displayed.

9 This f

limits set. If the measurement is within the limits, this field is empty. If the measurement result is less than the minimum limit set, “Undr Lmt” is displayed. If the measurement result is more than the maximum limit set, “Over Lmt” is displayed. Refer to “Setting Measurement Limits” on page 70 for fur ther information.

10 This

Relative Measurements” on page 61 for further information.

11 This f

page 63 for fur ther information.

12 T

his field displays “Rng Hld” if a range is selected. Refer to “Setting the

Range” on page 79 for further information.

13 This f

measure the power of a pulsed signal. Refer to “Measuring Pulsed

Signals” on page 68 for further information.

14 The i

combination of sensor type, sensor calibration table and frequency dependent offset table that are currently selected. Table 1- 1 shows all the possible combinations for the two lines of the display. Find the

able entry which matches your display and use the reference number

t in the left- hand column to look up Table 1-2 for the combination of sensor type and correction being appl

he measurement result field.

ield displays the units of measurement either dBm, dB, Watts, or %.

indow is configured to show an analog meter which displays the

s field displays the number of pages in the current softkey menu. For

y softkeys available are displayed in these four fields.

s field displays the title of the menu. For example, when the power

ield indicates if the measurement result is out of the upper or lower

field displays “Rel” if relative mode is on. Refer to “Making

ield displays “Ofs” if an offset is set. Refer to “Setting Offsets” on

ield displays “Dty Cyc” if a duty cycle is set. This allows you to

nformation in this field is displayed on two lines and depends on the

ey is pressed, the single window

ied to the current measurement.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 9

1Getting Started

For example, the display shows:

50MHz

(10,C)

This is equivalent to reference number 4 in Table 1- 1 and when looked up in Table 1- 2 shows that:

he sensor type is 8480 series

• t

• a sensor calibration ta

• a frequency

dependent offset table is selected (C).

ble is selected (10)

Tab l e 1- 1 R

Reference Number

1 CF:xxx.x%

2 CF:xxx.x% xxx.xyHz(a)

3 xxx.xyHz (nn)

4 xxx.xyHz (nn,a)

5 xxx.xyHz

6 xxx.xyHz (a)

Where “y” is the frequency multipl sensor calibration table number and “a” is the frequency dependent offset table letter.

elevant Softkeys in Various Mode of Operation

Upper Display Line

Lower Display Line

ier (M or G), “nn” is the

Tab l e 1- 2 List of Possible Combinations for the Upper and Lower Display Lines

Reference Number

1 8480 Series

2 From offset table

3 Frequency dependent -

4 From offset table

5 E-Series sensors/

6 From offset table

Sensor Series

sens

ors/ N8480 Series sensors with Option CFT

N8480 Series sensors (excluding Option CFT)

Sensor Correction

Directly entered Calibration Factor

from sel

ected sensor

calibration table

Frequency dependent downloaded directly from sensor

Frequency Dependent Offset Correction

None

10 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Getting Started 1

, Display Format

Upper Window

Lower Window

Display

One Window

Two Windows

Digital Display

Analog Display

Digital Display

Analog Display

Digital Display

Analog Display

Select using

, Display Format

Selecting Your Display Layout

Your power meter display is extremely flexible. It can be used to display a variety of different measurements and windows depending on your needs. The following diagram details the various options available to you.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 11

1Getting Started

Confirm

Display Format

Meter Dgtl Anlg

Display Tutorial

If you wish to experiment with the display layout before you move on to make measurements, the following procedure guides you through a few of the display setups you can choose.

1 P

ress , .

Notice that the upper window (which has a dig

ital display) is the one which is highlighted

by the dark box.

ress . The display remains the same

2 P apart from the fact that it is now the lower

w (which is an analog display) that is

windo highlighted by the dark box.

3 Press one window. This is the analog window which, in t

4 Press , ,

The display shows a digital window.

5 Press digital windows.

. The display now only shows the

he previous step was selected with the

key.

(Dgtl should be highlighted).

. The display now shows two

12 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Getting Started 1

Meter Dgtl Anlg

6 Press . The upper window is now the selected window and is highlighted by the black

7 Press (Anlg should be highlighted). The upper window now displays an analog

Select the digital display using .

meter.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 13

1Getting Started

Confirm

Window Symbols

There are a number of different graphic symbols and pop- up windows that can occur on the power meter display. These can occur for a variety of reasons such as when:

• an er

• a

• y

Warning Symbol

The warning symbol is displayed either directly in the measurement window or in a pop- up window when such an event occurs. A pop- up window is displayed for approximately two seconds. The text in the pop- up window gives details of the warning type. This symbol may also appear on a measurement window, for example, to indicate that a power sensor is not connected.

ror or warning occurs.

confirmation is required.

ou are required to wait while the power meter carries out a procedure.

ou are required to select an entry from a list.

ou are required to enter an alphanumeric value.

Confirmation Window

This pop- up window is displayed when you are required to press to verify your previous selection. For

ple, prior to a preset being carried

exam out.

14 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Getting Started 1

Wait Symbol

The wait symbol is displayed when the power meter is carrying out a procedure, but no action is required from you. The symbol may appear directly in the measurement window or in a pop- up window. It may appear, for example, during zeroing or calibration.

One of N Entry Window

This pop- up window is displayed when you are required to select an entry using and from the list.

Numeric or Alphanumeric Entry Window

This pop- up window is displayed when you are required to modify numeric or alphanumeric data. The and keys move the position of the cursor. The and keys increment and decrement the alphanumeric digit on which t

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 15

he cursor is currently positioned.

1Getting Started

123

9 8

N279

The Rear Panel at a Glance

1 Channel A (Option 002 or 003 only)

2 Po

wer Ref (Option 003 only)

The power reference output is a 50 Ω typeused for calibrating the sensor meter combination.

3 Rec

order Output

This output produces a DC voltage that corresponds to the power level of t

he channel input. Refer to “Recorder Output” on page 86 for further

information.

4 Po

wer socket

This power meter has an auto configuring power supply. This allows it to ope

rate over a range of voltages without manually being set to a certain

voltage.

5 Fu

An F3.15AH fuse is installed f

6 GP

This connector allows the power meter to be controlled remotely using the General Purpo

7 RS232/422

This connector allows the power meter to be controlled remotely using eit

her the RS232 or RS422 serial interface standards.

se Interface Bus.

or all voltage supplies.

N connector. The output signal is

16 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Getting Started 1

ial Label

8 Ser

Each power meter has its own individual identif

“Instrument serial numbers” on page 104 for further information.

9 Rm

t I/O

This connector is an RJ- 45 series shielded provides a TTL logic level output when a measurement exceeds a predetermined limit. TTL inputs are also provided to initiate zero and calibration cycles.

10 Ground Connect

Binding post, accepts 4 mm plug or

bare wire connection.

ication number. Refer to

modular jack assembly. It

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 17

1Getting Started

Bench top viewing positions Carrying position

Adjusting the Carrying Handle

To adjust the position, grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward. Rotate the handle to the desired position.

18 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Rack Mounting the Power Meter

Front

Rear (bottom view)

You can mount the power meter in a standard 19- inch rack cabinet using one of three optional kits. Instructions and mounting hardware are included with each rack mounting kit. Any Agilent System II instrument can be rack mounted besides the Agilent E4418B power meter.

To rack mount the power meter:

1 Remo

2 Re

ve the handle by rotating it to the vertical position and pulling the

ends outward.

move the rubber bumper by stretching a corner and sliding it off.

Getting Started 1

To rack mount a single instrument or

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 19

der Option 908 or adapter kit 5063- 9240.

1Getting Started

To rack mount two instruments side by side or 5061- 9694 and flange kit 5063- 9212.

To install one or two instruments in a sliding support shelf order shelf 5063-

9255 and slide kit 1494- 0015 (for a single instrument, also order filler

panel 5002- 3999).

der Option 909 or lock- link kit

20 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

2 Power Meter Operation

Introduction 22 Battery Operation (Option 001) 24 Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter 29 Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series Power Sensors and

N8480 Series Power Sensors (excluding Option CFT) 39

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors and

N8480 Series Power Sensors with Option CFT 41 Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables 44 Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables 53 Setting the Units of Measurement 59 Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys 60 Making Relative Measurements 61 Setting the Resolution 62 Setting Offsets 63 Setting Averaging 65 Measuring Pulsed Signals 68 Setting Measurement Limits 70 Selecting a Digital or Analog Display 76 Setting the Range 79 Configuring the Remote Interface 80 Recorder Output 86 Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations 88 How Measurements are Calculated 90 Presetting the Power Meter 91 Self Test 94 Operator Maintenance 101 Contacting Agilent Technologies 103

Agilent Technologies

2 Power Meter Operation

Introduction

This chapter describes the parameters which configure the power meter to make measurements and help you determine settings to optimize performance. This chapter contains the following sections:

• “Battery Operation (Option 001)” on page 24

• “Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter” on page 29.

• “Calibrating the Power Meter” on page 30.

• “Making Measurements with the Agilent E- Series Power Sensors and

N8480 Series Power Sensors (ex

• “Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors and

N8480 Series Power Sensors

• “Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables” on page 44.

• “Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables” on

page 53

• “Setting the Units of Measurement” on page 59.

• “Selecting Units of Measurem

• “Making Relative Measurements” on page 61.

• “Setting the Resolution” on page 62.

• “Setting Offsets” on page 63.

• “Setting Averaging” on page 65.

• “Measuring Pulsed Signals” on page 68.

• “Setting Measurement Limits” on page 70.

• “Selecting a Digital or Analog Display” on page 76.

• “Setting the Range” on page 79.

• “Configuring the Remote Interface” on page 80.

• “Recorder Output” on page 86.

• “Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations” on page 88.

• “How Measurements are Calculated” on page 90

• “Presetting the Power Meter” on page 91.

• “Self Test” on page 94.

• “Operator Maintenance” on page 101.

cluding Option CFT)” on page 39.

with Option CFT” on page 41.

ent from the Softkeys” on page 60.

22 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

• “Contacting Agilent Technologies” on page 103.

Power Meter Operation 2

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 23

2 Power Meter Operation

Continue

CAUTION

Battery Operation (Option 001)

The battery Option 001 allows the power meter to be used in operating environments where there is no convenient access to an AC power source.

General Information

With the battery option installed and the power meter connected to an AC power source, the meter operates from the AC source and the battery runs in a controlled charge mode.

If the meter is powered up under battery po connected to an AC source, a pop-up window displays the message “Running Under Battery Power”. When this screen is visible, the backlight mode (see “Backlight” on page 26) is over- ridden and the backlight is on continuously. Pressing the softkey returns the display to the previous screen.

wer or if AC power is lost while

Carry Case

A soft carry or operating case is available which makes it easy to transport and operate your power meter in installation and maintenance environments. To obtain a carry case, order Agilent part number 34141A.

Do not attempt to recharge the power meter or operate the power meter from an AC power source while it is contained in the carry case.

24 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Service

Battery

Running Time

A fully charged battery will typically allow the power meter to be used continuously for up to three hours with the backlight off and two hours with the backlight on.

Battery Status

You can check the status of the battery by pressing , ,

, , . The Battery Status display (Figure 2- 1 )

shows the charge condition of the battery represented on an analog meter

scale. Belo

meter running time under battery operation with the present charge level.

w the analog scale is a message indicating the estimated power

Running time can be increased by opera backlight turned off (see “Backlight” on page 26 ).

Figure 2-1 Ba

When the power meter is running on battery power and there are less than 10

nutes of run- time remaining, the message “Battery Low” appears at the top

mi of the screen. In addition, a pop- up window appears every minute with the message “Battery Power Low”.

ttery Status

ting the power meter with the display

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 25

2 Power Meter Operation

Service

Battery

Off

Timed

NOTE

Charging Times

The battery charges automatically when the power meter is connected to an AC source. From an empty state, the battery is fully charged in less than two hours. After approximately 50 minutes, the battery has enough charge to enable one hour of operation with the backlight on. After approximately 35 minutes, the battery has enough charge to enable one hour of operation with the backlight off.

Backlight

When you are operating the power meter under battery power, you can turn the display backlight off or on or set it to timed mode. In timed mode, the display backlight turns off 10 minutes after the last key press the display can be turned on again by pressing any key.

Working with the backlight off reduces the drain on the battery and increases

he operating time available by approximately 50%. The display can be

t comfortably read in ambient daylight with the backlight off.

To access the backlight menu, press , , , . Use the softkeys on the menu to select either , , or .

If the power meter is connected to an AC power source the backlight menu is greyed out and the backlight is permanently on.

26 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

WARNING

CAUTION

Battery Removal/Replacement

The battery unit is easily removed and replaced. Follow the instructions given in Figure 2- 2. To obtain a replacement battery unit, order Agilent part number E9287A (this can only be used in power meters with Option 001

alled).

inst

This product uses a Nickel Metal Hydride battery. Do not short circuit the battery terminals. Do not subject the battery to excessive heat. Do not dispose of by burning. Refer to your local country regulatory requir Hydride batteries.

ements on the disposal of Nickel Metal

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 27

Observe static precautions while removing and replacing the battery module.

2 Power Meter Operation

1 Using a flat headed screwdriver, turn the two spring catches one quarter turn anticlockwise.

2 Holding the catches, pull the battery assembly clear of its slot in the power meter.

3 Support the closure assembly on a flat surface.

4 Pinch the release tab between finger and thumb while -

5 lightly pressing down on the battery module.

Release Tab

Battery

Module

Closure Assembly

Replacing the battery is basically a reversal of the removal procedure.

Figure 2-2 Battery Removal/Replacement

28 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Zero

This section describes how to zero and calibrate the power meter. You should always zero the power meter prior to calibrating it.

Zeroing the Power Meter

Zeroing adjusts the power meter for a zero power reading with no power applied to the power sensor. During zeroing, which takes approximately 10 seconds, the wait symbol is displayed.

To zero the power meter:

1 Press , . During zeroing, the wait symbol is displayed.

When to Zero?

Zeroing of the power meter is recommended:

• when a 5 °C change in t

• when y

• e

• prior t

specified power for your power sensor.

ou change the power sensor.

very 24 hours.

o measuring low level signals. For example, 10 dB above the lowest

emperature occurs.

Power Meter Operation 2

Zero/Cal Lockout

The Zero/Cal Lockout facility provides a mean of ensuring that a measurement cannot be taken until the connected sensor has been zeroed and calibrated. If the Zero/Cal Lockout facility is enabled and a sensor is connected which have not been zeroed and calibrated, then the display window for the sensor will display the message “Please Zero + Cal ChA”.

If you zero the sensor before calibrating it, the message changes to “Please Cal

ChA”

If you calibrate the sensor before zeroing it, t Zero ChA”.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 29

he message changes to “Please

2 Power Meter Operation

Must Cal

Off

Must Cal

Off

NOTE

The Zero/Cal Lockout facility can be enabled or disabled through either the

em Inputs menu or the Zero Cal menu as follows:

Syst

Press , , , , or .

Calibrating the Power Meter

Calibration sets the gain of the power meter using a 50 MHz 1 mW calibrator as a traceable power reference. The power meter’s POWER REF output or a suitable external reference is used as the signal source for calibration. An essential part of calibrating is setting the correct reference calibration factor for the power sensor you are using. The Agilent Technologies E4418B Series

ower Meter User’s Guide require you to set the reference calibration factor.

The Agilent E-Series power sensors and N8480 Series power sensors

cluding Option CFT) set the reference calibration factor automatically.

(ex During calibration, the wait symbol is displayed. Offset, relative, and duty cycle settings are ignored during calibration.

During calibration, the power meter automatically switches the power reference calibrator on (if it is not already on), then after calibration, it switches it to the state it was in prior to the calibration.

Calibration Procedure Using Agilent E-Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors (excluding Option CFT)

The following procedure describes how you calibrate the power meter with an Agilent E- Series power sensor or N8480 Series power sensor (excluding Option CFT). Since Agilent E- Series power sensor or N8480 Series power sensor (excluding Option CFT)’s c calibration factor. The power meter identifies that an Agilent E- Series power

sor or N8480 Series power sensor (excluding Option CFT) is connected and

sen will not allow you to select certain softkeys. The text on these softkeys appears grayed out.

30 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

the power meter automatically downloads the

alibration table, there is no requirement to enter the reference

Power Meter Operation 2

Cal

NOTE

Tables

Linearity

ATyp

DTyp

1 Press .

2 Connect

3 Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration the wait symbol

is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output.)

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

Example

To calibrate the power meter with an Agilent E-Series power sensor.

• Press .

• Connect

• Press .

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

Calibration Procedure using Agilent 8480 Series power sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors with Option CFT

The following procedure describes how you calibrate the power meter with the Agilent 8480 Series power sensors and N8480 Series power sensors with Option CFT.

V8486A and W8486A sensors

For most 8480 Series sensors, the automatically selected. The linearity-type field on the measurement screen is grayed out. Under the gray-out condition, the selected linearity correction table that is displayed on the screen is irrelevant to the correct linearity correction table that is automatically selected by power meter firmware.

However, for the V8486A and automatic selection must be overridden by selecting the D type linearity. Subsequent connection of another A type sensor while the D type is selected will result in a warning message stating that “Linearity Override May be Required”.

To select the linearity type to be applied: Press , , , , or .

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 31

correct (A type or D type) linearity correction table is

W8486A sensors (V8486A and W8486A sensors only,) the

2 Power Meter Operation

Ref CF

Cal

Ref CF

Cal

There are a variety of methods to connect the power sensors to the power

er depending on the model of power sensor you are using. Refer to

met

Table 2- 1 on

models.

1 Press .

2 V

erify the reference calibration factor of your power sensor with that displayed under . The value shown is obtained from the sensor calibration table if one is selected, otherwise it is the last value set or the default of 100%. displays the reference calibration factor in a popreference calibration factor (see below) as desired.

• U

positioned.

• Use or to move to other digits.

3 T

o confirm your choice, press .

4 Connect

5 Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration, the wait symbol

is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output.)

page 33 for details on connecting different power sensor

If the value is not correct, press . The power meter

up window. Modify this

se or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

Example

To calibrate the power meter with a power sensor whose reference calibration factor is 99.8%.

• Press .

• Press . Use the , , , and keys to enter 99.8. Press

• Connect

• Press .

32 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

Power Meter Operation 2

Tab l e 2- 1 Power

Sensor Model Connection Requirements

Agilent 8481A Agilent 8481H Agilent 8482A Agilent 8482H

ilent N8481A

Ag Agilent N8481H Agilent N8482A Agilent N8482H Agilent E4412A

ilent E930xA

Ag Agilent E930xH Agilent E9304 H18 Agilent E9304 H19

Agilent 8481D Agilent 8484A

Agilent 8483A This power sensor requires a 75 Ω (f

Agilent R8486A Agilent Q8486A Agilent V8486A Agilent W8486A Agilent R8486D Agilent Q8486D Agilent N8486AR Agilent N8486AQ

Sensor Connection Requirements

These power sensors connect directly to the reference calibrator.

Prior to the power meter being cali reference attenuator should be connected between the power sensor and the reference calibrator. Remove this attenuator from the power sensor input before making measurements.

(1250-0597) to connect to the reference calibrator. Remove this adapter from the power sensor input before making measurements.

The waveguide power sensors have two conne connector is the one which is used to calibrate the power meter.

brated an Agilent 11708A 30 dB

) to 50 Ω (m) N-Type adapter

ctors. The N-Type

Agilent 8481B Agilent N8481B Agilent 8482B Agilent N8482B Agilent E930xB

Agilent 8485A Ag

ilent N8485A Agilent E4413A Agilent E9300A H24 Agilent E9300A H25

These power sensors are configured wi power meter being calibrated, this attenuator must be removed. The attenuator must be reconnected prior to making measurements.

This power sensor requires an APC 3.5 (f) to 50 Ω (m) N(08485-60005) to connect to the reference calibrator. Remove this adapter before making measurements.

th an attenuator. Prior to the

Type adapter

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 33

2 Power Meter Operation

Sensor Model Connection Requirements

Agilent 8485D Prior to the power meter being zeroed and calibrated, an Agilent 11708A

30 dB reference attenuator and (08485-60005) should be connected between the power sensor and the reference calibrator. Remove this attenuator from the power sensor input before making measurements.

Agilent 8487A Agilent N8487A Agilent N8488A

Agilent 8487D Prior to the power meter being zeroed and calibrated, an Agilent 11708A

This power sensor requires an APC 2.4 (f) to 50 Ω (m) N(08487-60001) to connect to the power meter. Remove this attenuator before making measurements.

30 dB reference attenuator and (08487-60001) should be connected between the power sensor and the reference calibrator. Remove this attenuator from the power sensor input before making measurements.

an APC 3.5 (f) to 50 Ω (m) N-Type adapter

Type adapter

an APC 2.4 (f) to 50 Ω (m) N-Type adapter

34 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Pin Number Connection

1none

2Ground

3 Upper Window TTL Output

4 Lower Window TTL Output

5 TTL Input 1

6 TTL Input 2

7Ground

8Ground

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Zeroing and Calibrating Using TTL Inputs

You can use the TTL inputs on the rear panel Rmt I/O port to initiate zero and calibration cycles on the power meter. The connector is an RJ- 45 Series shielded modular jack with the TTL input pins connected as shown in Figure 2- 3.

Figure 2-3 Rm

The TTL inputs are active low and control t as shown in Table 2- 2

Tab l e 2- 2 TTL Inputs Control Logic

Input 1 Input 2 Operation

1 1 None

1 0 CAL

0 1 ZERO

0 0 CAL

t I/O Port TTL Inputs

he zero and calibration functions

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 35

2 Power Meter Operation

Input

Operation

Effective control of the zero and calibration cycles using the TTL inputs depends on cor

rect timing of the input signals as shown in Table 2- 3 and

Table 2- 4.

Tab l e 2 -3 TTL

Timing of zero/cal inputs for conditions “01” and “10”.

Time Description Val ue

T1 Minimum width of input 300 ms

T2 Time between input detection and start of zero/cal

T3 Maximum width of input. Longer inputs may cause a

Input Timing Diagram 1

cle. This is determined by the number of averages x sample rate or if there is an existing zero/cal operation in progress, the time for this current operation to complete. Note that the worst case is 1024 averages x 50 ms = 51.2 s. For front panel operation (in free run mode) the time is 1 x 50 ms.

subseque current one is complete.

nt zero/cal operation some time after the

Max: 50 ms (typical)

Min: 0 ms

4 s

36 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Inputs

Operation

Tab l e 2- 3 TTL Input Timing Diagram 1

T4 Time for zero/cal operation to complete. Zero: 10 s (8480 Series)

12 s (E-Series)

20 s (N8480 Series exclude Option C

FT) 8 s (N8480 Series with Option CFT)

Cal: 6 s (8480 Series)

7 s (E-Series)

9 s (N8480 Series exclude Option C

FT) 6 s (N8480 Series with Option CFT)

All timings based on 100 ms firmware polling.

Tab l e 2- 4 TTL Inputs Timing Diagram 2

Timing of zero/cal inputs for condition “00”.

Time Description Value

T5 Maximum time between inputs going low. 100 ms

T6 Minimum overlap of low inputs. 200 ms

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 37

2 Power Meter Operation

Tab l e 2- 4 TTL Inputs Timing Diagram 2

T7 Time between input detection and start of zero/cal

cycle. This is determined by the number of averages x sample rate or if there is an existing zero/cal operation in progress, the time for this current operation to complete. Note that the worst case is 1024 averages x 50 ms = 51.2 s. For front panel operation (in free run mode) the time is 1 x 50 ms.

T8 Time for cal operation to complete. Cal: 6 s (8480 Series)

All timings based on 100 ms firmware polling.

If both TTL inputs are simultaneously low under any circumstances othe above, the operation is undefined.

4 s

7 s (E-Series)

9 s (N8480 Series exclude Option CFT)

6 s (N8480 Series with Option CFT)

r than those shown

38 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Zero

Cal

Freq

Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors (excluding Option CFT)

This section describes how to make continuous wave measurements using the Agilent E- Series power sensors and N8480 Series Option CFT) . The Agilent E- Series power sensors and N8480 sensors (excluding Option CFT) have their sensor calibration tables stored in EEPROM. This allows the frequency and calibration data to be downloaded to the power meter automatically.

To make measurements, perform the following steps:

o and calibrate the power meter.

1 Zer

2 Set t

3 Tak

he frequency for the signal you want to measure.

e a reading.

Procedure

power sensors (excluding

Series power

The following procedure details how to make a measurement on channel A of

the power meter.

1 Ensure t

2 Press .

3 Press . During zeroing, which takes appr

symbol is displayed.

4 Connect

5 Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration, the wait symbol

is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output.)

6 Press . The current setting of the frequency is displayed

under the softkey.

7 T

o change this setting, press . The power meter displays the frequency

in a pop- up window. Modify this frequency (see belo

•

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 39

hat no power is applied to the power sensor.

oximately 10 seconds, the wait

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

w) as desired.

Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently

positioned.

2 Power Meter Operation

Zero

Cal

Freq

MHz

• Use or to move to other digits.

o confirm your choice, press the appropriate frequency units.

8 T

9 C

onnect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

10 The me

asurement result is now displayed.

Example

To make a measurement using an Agilent E- Series power sensor. The frequency of the signal to be measured is 100 MHz.

• Dis

connect the power sensor from any source.

• Press .

• Connect

• Press .

• Press , . Use the , , , and keys to

enter 100. Press .

• C

onnect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

• The me

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

asurement result is now displayed.

40 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Zero

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors with Option CFT

This section applies to all Agilent 8480 Series power sensors and N8480 Series power sensors with Option CFT. It does not apply to the Agilent E- Series

wer sensors and N8480 Series power sensors (excluding Option CFT) .

For the Agilent 8480 Series power sensors and N8480 Series power sensors

h Option CFT, there are two methods of providing correction data to the

wit power meter:

a in

putting the individual calibration factor for a frequency prior to

making the measurement, or

b us

ing sensor calibration tables.

This section describes how to make measurements without using sensor calibration frequency prior to making the measurement. This method is advantageous if you are only measuring at one frequency, as entering all the calibration data in this instance is not required.

tables, that is inputting the individual calibration factor for a

To make measurements without sensor c following steps:

1 Zer

o and calibrate the power meter. Before carrying out the calibration, you

must set the reference calibration factor of the power sensor.

2 Set t

3 Tak

he calibration factor value for the frequency of the signal you want to

measure.

e a reading.

alibration tables, perform the

Procedure

The following procedure details how to make a measurement on channel A.

1 Ensure t

2 Press .

3 Press . During zeroing, which takes appr

symbol is displayed.

4 Connect

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 41

hat no power is applied to the power sensor.

oximately 10 seconds, the wait

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

2 Power Meter Operation

Ref CF

Cal

Cal Fac

5 The cur

the softkey. To change this setting, press . The power meter displays the reference calibration factor in a popreference calibration factor (see below) as desired.

• U

• Use or to move to other digits.

6 T

7 Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration, the wait symbol

is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output.)

8 Press . The current setting of the calibration factor is

displayed under the softkey. To change this setting, press . The power meter displays the calibration factor in a pop- up window. Modify t

his calibration factor (see below) as desired.

• U

• Use or to move to other digits.

9 T

10 C

11 The me

rent setting of the reference calibration factor is displayed under

up window. Modify this

se or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently

positioned.

o confirm your choice, press .

se or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently

positioned.

o confirm your choice, press .

onnect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

asurement result is now displayed.

42 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Zero

Ref CF

Cal

Cal Fac

Example

To make a measurement on channel A with a power sensor which has a reference calibration factor of 99.8% and a calibration factor of 97.8% at the measurement frequency.

• Dis

connect the power sensor from any source.

• Press .

• Press . Use the , , , and keys to enter 99.8. Press

• Connect

• Press .

• Press , . Use the , , , and keys to

enter 97.8. Press .

• C

onnect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

• The me

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

asurement result is now displayed.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 43

2 Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

This section applies to all Agilent 8480 Series power sensors and N8480 Series power sensors with Option CFT. It does not apply to the Agilent E- Series

wer sensors and N8480 Series power sensors (excluding Option CFT) .

For the Agilent 8480 Series power sensors and N8480 Series power sensors

h Option CFT, there are two methods of providing correction data to the

wit power meter:

a in

putting the individual calibration factor for a frequency prior to

making the measurement, or

b us

ing sensor calibration tables.

This section describes how to use sensor calibration tables. Sensor calibration

ables are used to store the measurement calibration factors, supplied with

t each power sensor in the power meter. These calibration factors are used to correct measurement results.

Using sensor calibration tables provides y method for making power measurements over a range of frequencies using one or more power sensors. The power meter is capable of storing 20 sensor calibration tables of 80 frequency points each.

To use sensor calibration tables you:

1 Select

Calibration Table” on page 45 for further information. If you are

required to edit the table, refer to “Editing Sensor Calibration

Tables” on page 46 for further information.

2 Ze

during the calibration is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table.

3 Spe

factor is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table. Refer to “Making the Measurement” on page 45 for further information.

4 Mak

the table to work on a channel. Refer to “Selecting a Sensor

ro and calibrate the power meter. The reference calibration factor used

cify the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The calibration

e the measurement.

ou with a quick and convenient

44 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Tables

Sensor Cal Tables

Table Off On

Zero

Ref CF

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table

You can select a sensor calibration table for use by pressing ,

, , . The “State” field indicates if

any sensor calibration tables are currently selected. The “Sensor Tbls”

een is displayed as shown in Figure 2- 4.

scr

Figure 2-4 “Senso

r Tbls” Screen

Making the Measurement

To make the power measurement, you zero and calibrate the power meter, then set it for the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The power meter automatically selects the calibration factor from the sensor calibration table.

1 Press .

2 Press . During zeroing, which takes appr

symbol is displayed.

3 The settin

calibration table and displayed under the softkey.

4 Connect

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 45

g of the reference calibration factor is obtained from the sensor

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

oximately 10 seconds, the wait

2 Power Meter Operation

Cal

Freq

NOTE

Cal Fac

Tables

Sensor Cal Tables

5 Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration, the wait symbol

is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output.)

6 Press . The current setting of the frequency is displayed

under the softkey.

o change this setting, press . The power meter displays the frequency

7 T

in a pop- up window. Modify this fr

• U

se or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently

positioned.

• Use or to move to other digits.

8 T

o confirm your choice, press the appropriate frequency unit.

9 C

onnect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

10 The me

If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a frequency in the sensor calibration table, the power meter calculates the calibration factor using linear interpolation.

If you enter a frequency outside the frequency range table, the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to set the calibration factor.

The value of the calibration factor being used by the power meter to make a measurement

splayed under the softkey.

is di

asurement result is now displayed.

equency (see below) as desired.

defined in the sensor calibration

46 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Editing Sensor Calibration Tables

You can edit sensor calibration tables using the “Edit Cal” menu as shown

in Figure 2- 5. To view the sensor calibration tables currently stored in the

power meter, press , , . The “Sensor

Tbls” screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2- 4.

Power Meter Operation 2

Figure 2-5 “Edit Cal S

creen”

The power meter is shipped with a set of predefined sensor calibration tables. The dat

a in these tables is based on statistical averages for a range of Agilent

Technologies power sensors.

These power sensors are:

• DEF

AULT

• HP 8481A

• HP 8482A

• HP 8483A

• HP 8481D

• HP 8485A

• HP R8486A

• HP Q8486A

• HP R8486D

• HP 8487A

There are also ten sensor calibration tables named CUSTOM_0 through CUSTOM_9 which do not cont

ain any data when the power meter is shipped

from the factory.

1 DEFAULT is a sensor calibration table in which the reference calibration factor and calibration factors are 100%. This sensor calibration table can be used during the performance testing of the power meter. 2 The Agilent 8482B and Agilent 8482H power sensors use the sam

e data as the Agilent 8482A.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 47

2 Power Meter Operation

NOTE

Edit Table

Change

Insert

Predefined sensor calibration factor table stored in power meter is not applicable for

N8480 Series power sensors with Option CFT. Therefore, users are required to

Agilent create a new sensor calibration table for the sensors when a sensor calibration table is needed.

You cannot delete any of the 20 sensor calibration tables. Each sensor calibration want a new sensor calibration table, you must edit an existing one.

To edit a table:

1 Se

tables. When the table you want to edit is highlighted, press . The “Edit Cal” screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2- 5 on page 47. In this screen, you can modify, add, and remove frequency and calib

and calibration factors.

A frequency in the range of 0.001 MHz to 999.999 GHz can be entered.

table can contain a maximum of 80 frequency points each. If you

lect one using the and keys to scroll through the displayed

ration factors and also edit the table name. Use the , , , and keys to move between the table name and its frequency

A calibration factor in the range of 1% to 150% can be entered.

The following rules apply to naming sensor calibration tables:

• The name

• All characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic characters or

numeric (0- 9) or an underscore (_).

• No other characters are allowed.

• No spaces are allowed in the name.

2 T

o edit the parameter you currently have selected, press . The power meter displays the data in a popbelow) as desired.

• Use

currently positioned.

• Use or to move to other characters.

3 T

o confirm your choice, press the appropriate softkey.

4 T

o add a new sensor calibration table entry, press . You are prompted for the frequency and calibration factor. The entry is sorted by frequency.

48 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

must consist of no more than 12 characters.

up window. Modify this data (see

or to modify the character on which the cursor is

Power Meter Operation 2

Delete

NOTE

Done

NOTE

o remove a sensor calibration table entry, use the , , , and

5 T

keys to select the entry, press . If you delete the frequency, the

equivalent calibration factor is

You can only edit the table name, you cannot delete it.

also removed and vice versa.

6 Whe

Ensure that the frequency points you use cover the frequency range of the signals you want to measure. If you measure a signal with a frequency outside the frequency range defined in the sensor calibration table, the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to calculate the calibration factor.

n you have completed editing the sensor calibration table, press

to return to the “Sensor Tables” screen.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 49

2 Power Meter Operation

The following lists detail the contents of the predefined sensor calibration

bles.

DEFAULT Agilent 8483A

RCF 100 RCF 94.6

0.1 MHz 100 0.1 MHz 94 110 GHz 100 0.3 MHz 97.9

Agilent 8481A 1 MHz 98.4 RCF 100 3 MHz 98.4 50 MHz 100 10 MHz 99.3 100 MHz 99.8 30 MHz 98.7 2 GHz 99 100 MHz 97.8 3 GHz 98.6 300 MHz 97.5 4 GHz 98 1 GHz 97.2 5 GHz 97.7 2 GHz 96.4 6 GHz 97.4 3 GHz 93 7 GHz 97.1 4 GHz 91 8 GHz 96.6 Agilent 8481D 9 GHz 96.2 RCF 99 10 GHz 95.4 50 MHz 99 11 GHz 94.9 500 MHz 99.5

12.4 GHz 94.3 1 GHz 99.4 13 GHz 94.3 2 GHz 99.5 14 GHz 93.2 3 GHz 98.6 15 GHz 93 4 GHz 98.6 16 GHz 93 5 GHz 98.5 17 GHz 92.7 6 GHz 98.5 18 GHz 91.8 7 GHz 98.6

Agilent 8482A 8 GHz 98.7

RCF 98 9 GHz 99.5

0.1 MHz 98 10 GHz 98.6

0.3 MHz 99.5 11 GHz 98.7 1 MHz 99.3 12 GHz 99 3 MHz 98.5 12.4 GHz 99.1 10 MHz 98.5 13 GHz 98.9 30 MHz 98.1 14 GHz 99.4 100 MHz 97.6 15 GHz 98.9 300 MHz 97.5 16 GHz 99.1 1 GHz 97 17 GHz 98.4 2 GHz 3 GHz 93

4.2 GHz 91

95 18 GHz 100.1

50 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Agilent R8486A Agilent 8485A continued

RCF 100 17 GHz 96.7 50 MHz 100 18 GHz 96.6

26.5 GHz 94.9 19 GHz 96 27 GHz 94.9 20 GHz 96.1 28 GHz 95.4 21 GHz 96.2 29 GHz 94.3 22 GHz 95.3 30 GHz 94.1 23 GHz 94.9 31 GHz 93.5 24 GHz 94.3 32 GHz 93.7 25 GHz 92.4 33 GHz 93.7 26 GHz 92.2 34 GHz 94.9 26.5 GHz 92.1

34.5 GHz 94.5 Agilent R8486D 35 GHz 94.4 RCF 97.6 36 GHz 93.7 50 MHz 97.6 37 GHz 94.9 26.5 GHz 97.1 38 GHz 93.5 27 GHz 95.3 39 GHz 93.9 28 GHz 94.2 40 GHz 92.3 29

Agilent 8485A 30 GHz 96.6 RCF 100 31 GHz 97.6 50 MHz 100 32 GHz 98 2 GHz 99.5 33 GHz 98.9 4 GHz 98.9 34 GHz 99.5 6 GHz 98.5 34.5 GHz 99 8 GHz 98.3 35 GHz 97.6 10 GHz 98.1 36 GHz 99 11 GHz 97.8 37 GHz 98.2 12 GHz 97.6 38 GHz 97.4

12.4 GHz 97.6 39 GHz 97.6 14 GHz 97.4 40 GHz 100 16 GHz 97

GHz 94.5

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 51

2 Power Meter Operation

Agilent 8487A Agilent 8487A continued

RCF 100 34.5 GHz 93.5 50 MHz 100 35 GHz 93.1 100 MHz 99.9 36 GHz 92 500 MHz 98.6 37 GHz 92.4 1 GHz 99.8 38 GHz 90.9 2 GHz 99.5 39 GHz 91.3 3 GHz 98.9 40 GHz 91.4 4 GHz 98.8 41 GHz 90.6 5 GHz 98.6 42 GHz 89.9 6 GHz 98.5 43 GHz 89.1 7 GHz 98.4 44 GHz 88.1 8 GHz 98.3 45 GHz 86.9 9 GHz 98.3 46 GHz 85.8 10 GHz 98.3 47 GHz 85.4 11 GHz 98.1 48 GHz 83.2 12 GHz 97.9 49 GHz 81.6 13

GHz 98 50 GHz 80.2 14 GHz 98.2 Agilent Q8486A 15 GHz 97.7 RCF 100 16 GHz 96.8 50 MHz 100 17 GHz 97 33.5 GHz 91.3 18 GHz 96.3 34.5 GHz 92 19 GHz 95.9 35 GHz 91.7 20 GHz 95.2 36 GHz 91.5 21 GHz 95.6 37 GHz 92.1 22 GHz 95.5 38 GHz 91.7 23 GHz 95.4 39 GHz 91 24 GHz 95 40 GHz 90.7 25 GHz 95.4 41 GHz 90.3

Agilent 8487A 42 GHz 89.5 26 GHz 95.2 43 GHz 88.5 27 GHz 95.1 44 GHz 88.7 28 GHz 95 Agilent Q8486A 29 GHz 94.4 45 GHz 88.2 30 GHz 94 46 GHz 87 31 GHz 93.7 47 GHz 86.4 32 GHz 93.8 48 GHz 85.3 33 GHz 93 49 GHz 84.7 34 GHz 93.2 50 GHz 82.9

52 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Ta bl e s

This section describes how to use frequency dependent offset tables.

Frequency dependent offset tables pro method of compensating for your external test setup over a range of frequencies. Note that when selected, frequency dependent offset correction is IN ADDITION to any correction applied for sensor frequency response.

The power meter is capable of storing 10 frequency dependent offset tables of

frequency points each.

To use frequency dependent offset tables you:

1 Select

Dependent Offset Table” on page 54 for further information. If you are

required to edit the table, refer to “Editing Frequency Dependent Offset

Tables” on page 56 for further information.

2 Ze

during the calibration is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table (if selected).

3 Spe

factor or offset is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table (if selected) and the frequency dependent offset table. Refer to “Making the Measurement” on page 45 for further information.

4 Mak

the table to work on a channel. Refer to “Selecting a Frequency

ro and calibrate the power meter. The reference calibration factor used

cify the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The calibration

e the measurement.

vide you with a quick and convenient

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 53

2 Power Meter Operation

Tables

Freq Dep Offset

Table Off On

Selecting a Frequency Dependent Offset Table

You can select a frequency dependent offset table for use by pressing

, , , . The “State” field indicates if any frequency dependent offset tables are currently selected. The “Of

fset Tbls” screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2- 6.

Figure 2-6 “Offset Tbls”

54 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Screen

Power Meter Operation 2

Zero

Ref CF

Cal

Freq

Making the Measurement

1 Press .

2 Press . During zeroing, which takes approximately 10 seconds, the

wait symbol is displayed.

3 The setting of t

sensor calibration table (if selected) and displayed under the softkey.

4 Connect

5 Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration, the wait

symbol is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns on the PO

6 Press . The current setting of the frequency is displayed

under the softkey.

the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

WER REF output.)

he reference calibration factor is obtained from the

7 T

o change this setting, press . The power meter displays the frequency in a pop- up window. Modify this frequency (see below) as desired.

• Use

currently positioned.

• Use or to move to other digits.

8 T

o confirm your choice, press the appropriate frequency unit.

9 C

onnect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

10 The me

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 55

or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

asurement result is now displayed.

2 Power Meter Operation

NOTE

Cal Fac

Tables

Freq Dep Offset

If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a frequency in the sensor calibration table (if selected) and the frequency dependent offset table being used, the power meter calculates the calibration factor and offset using linear interpolation.

If you enter a frequency outside the frequency range defined in the sensor calibration table or the frequency frequency point in the appropriate table to set the calibration factor and offset.

The value of the calibration factor being used by the power meter to make a measurement

splayed under the softkey.

is di

dependent offset table, the power meter uses the highest or lowest

Editing Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

You can edit frequency dependent offset tables using the “Edit” menu as shown in Figure 2- 7.

To view the frequency dependent offset tables currently stored in the

wer meter, press , , . The “Offset Tbls”

po screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2- 6.

56 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Figure 2-7 “Edit” Screen

Power Meter Operation 2

Edit Table

Change

Insert

Delete

There are ten frequency dependent offset tables named CUSTOM_A

hrough CUSTOM_J which do not contain any data when the power meter

t is shipped from the factory.

You cannot delete any of the 10 existing frequency depen or create any additional tables. However, you can edit the 10 existing tables. Each frequency dependent offset table can contain a maximum of 80 frequency points.

To edit a table:

elect one using the or keys to scroll through the displayed

1 S

tables. When the table you want to edit is highlighted, press . The “Edit Offset” screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2- 7 on

page 56. In this screen, you can modify, add, and remove frequencies

and offset and also edit the table name. Use the , , , and

keys to move between the table name and its frequencies and

offsets.

A frequency in the range of 0.001 MHz to 999.999 GHz can be entered.

An offset in the range of 1% t

• The f

• The name must consist of no more than 12 characters.

• All characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic characters or

• No other characters are allowed.

• No spaces are allowed in the name.

2 T

power meter displays the data in a popbelow) as desired.

• Use

• Use or to move to other characters.

3 T

4 T

prompted for the frequency and offset. The entry is sorted by frequency.

5 T

frequency, the equivalent offset is also removed and vice versa.

ollowing rules apply to naming frequency dependent offset tables:

numeric (0- 9) or an underscore (_).

o edit the parameter you currently have selected, press . The

or to modify the character on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

o confirm your choice, press the appropriate softkey.

o add a new frequency dependent offset table entry, press . You are

o remove a frequency dependent offset table entry, use the , ,

, and keys to select the entry, press . If you delete the

o 150% can be entered.

up window. Modify this data (see

dent offset tables

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 57

2 Power Meter Operation

NOTE

Done

NOTE

You can only edit the table name, you cannot delete it.

6 When y

press to return to the “Offset Tbls” screen.

Ensure that the frequency points you use cover the frequency range of the signals you want to measure. If you measure a signal with a frequency outside the frequency range defined in the frequency dependent offset table, the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the frequency dependent offset table to calculate the offset.

ou have completed editing the frequency dependent offset table,

58 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Setting the Units of Measurement

dBm

NOTE

Rel Off On

The “dBm/W” menu is used to select the measurement units on the currently selected window. These can either be logarithmic (dBm or dB) or linear (Watt or %) units. sets the measurement units to dBm (logarithmic units). Table 2- 5 shows which units are applicable to the individual measurement modes.

Press , then select the unit of measurement from , , ,

or . Softkeys which cannot be selected in your particular mode of

operation appear with their text grayed out.

When the unit of measurement is set to Watt, it is possible that negative power measurements may be displayed when measuring low power levels.

Power Meter Operation 2

Tab l e 2- 5 Me

Measurement Mode Relative Mode Off Relative Mode On

Single Channel Wat t dBm % dB

1 When relative mode is on (that is, , is “On”), the measurement is com-

pared to a reference value.

asurement Units

Linear Log Linear Log

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 59

2 Power Meter Operation

Increment

Decrement

Multiplier

Cancel

NOTE

Increment Multiplier

Decrement Multiplier

Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys

In various softkey menu structures, you are required to enter the units of measurement for power. In some cases, due to the wide power range available, the following menu is displayed:

60 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Some softkeys may be grayed out so that an invalid value cannot be entered.

Pressing or increases or decreases the multiplier shown in front of . Pressing after the correct multiplier has been selected confirms the entry.

Making Relative Measurements

Rel

Rel Off On

Rel

Rel Off On

Relative mode allows you to compare any measurement result to a reference value. The relative reading can be displayed in either dB or % by pressing and selecting either or . When the measurement result is displayed in %, a pref

Power Meter Operation 2

ix multiplier may be shown.

Relative mode is window dependent and the window to which it’s applied.

when enabled, displays “Rel” in

Procedure

To set a reference value on the currently selected window:

1 Press .

2 Press to use the current reading as the reference value. This allows

you to compare any measurement resul

3 is automatically set to “On”, when is pressed.

Successive measurements are now displa

value. The relative mode can be disabled and re- enabled simply by pressing .

t in dB or percentage (%).

yed relative to the reference

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 61

2 Power Meter Operation

Resolution 1 2 3

Resolution 1 2 3 4

Setting the Resolution

The resolution of each of the power meter’s windows can be set to four different levels (1, 2, 3, or 4).

These four levels represent:

• 1, 0.1,

dB.

• 1, 2, 3, or 4 signif

W or %.

The default value is 0.01 dB (3 digits).

0.01, 0.001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or

icant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is

To set the resolution on the cur

1 Press . The current setting of the resolu

softkey.

2 T

o change this setting, press until the required resolution setting is highlighted.

rently selected window:

tion is highlighted on the

62 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Setting Offsets

Input Settings

Offset

Offset Off On

Offset

Offset Off On

Setting Channel Offsets

The power meter can be configured to compensate for a signal loss or gain in your test setup (for example, to compensate for the loss of a 10 dB

enuator). This gain or loss, referred to as a channel offset, is added to

att the measured power before the result is displayed.

Offsets are entered in dB. The allowable range of values is –100 dB to +100 dB. A positive value compensates for a loss and a negative value

mpensates for a gain.

If either a channel or a display offset is set, then “Ofs” is displayed.

To enter a channel offset which compensates for a loss or gain:

1 Press .

2 Press .

3 Press . The power meter displays the offset value in a pop- up

window. Modify this offset

• Use

• Use or to move to other digits.

4 T

5 is automatically set to “On” when a value is entered

using .

Power Meter Operation 2

(see below) as desired.

or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

o confirm your choice, press .

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 63

Channel offsets can be disabled and

re- enabled simply by pressing

2 Power Meter Operation

Offset

Offset Off On

Offset

Offset Off On

Ch Input with

Ch Input

Ch Offset

†

Display Offset

††

READING ON POWER METER DISPLAY

Ch Input with Ch Offset and

Ch Offset

Display Offset

Input Settings

Offset

Setting Display Offsets

The display offset function provides a method for entering display offset values.

If either a channel or a display offset is set, then “Ofs” is displayed.

To enter a display offset on the currently selected window:

1 Press , .

2 The po

this offset (see below) as desired.

• Use

• Use or to move to other digits.

3 T

4 is automatically set to “On”, when a value is entered

using .

Display offsets can be disabled and re- enabled simply by pressing

wer meter displays the offset value in a pop- up window. Modify

or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

o confirm your choice, press .

64 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

The display offset is a function of the window. That is, if you have

ed a two window display, each can have its own offset.

select

Figure 2- 8 displays the effects of the channel and display offsets on the

power meter’s displayed reading.

Figure 2-8 Eff

† Channel Offset entered using , , .

†† Display Offset entered using , .

ect of Offsets on a Channel Measurement

Setting Averaging

The power meter uses a digital filter to average power readings. The number of readings averaged can range from 1 to 1024. This filter is used to reduce noise, obtain the desired resolution and to reduce the jitter in the measurement results. Increasing the value of the filter length reduces measurement noise. However, the time to take the measurement is increased. You can select the filter length or you can set the power meter to auto filter mode. The default is “AUTO”.

When the auto filter mode is enabled, the power meter automatically sets

he number of readings averaged together to satisfy the filtering

t requirements for most power measurements. The number of readings averaged together depends on the resolution and the power level currently being measured. Figure 2- 9 lists the number of readings averaged for each range and resolution when the power meter is in auto filter mode and is

o normal speed mode (refer to the Agilent EPM- 4418B/4419B

set t

ogramming Guide for details of the readings averaged in the other

speed modes).

Power Meter Operation 2

Resolution is a window function and not a where a channel is set up in both the upper and lower window and the resolution settings are different, the highest resolution setting is taken to calculate the averaging number. For example, if the upper window has a resolution setting of two and is measuring channel A and the lower window has a resolution of four and is also measuring channel A. In this instance, channel A averaging is calculated with a resolution of four.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 65

channel function. In the case,

2 Power Meter Operation

10 dB

Minimum Sensor Power

Maximum Sensor Power

Power Sensor

Dynamic Range

10 dB

1234

1 8 128 128

Resolution Setting

Number of Averages

1 1 16 256

11232

11116

1118

Input Settings

Filter

Length

Enter

Filter Off On

Figure 2-9 A

These four resolution levels represent:

• 1, 0.1,

dB.

• 1, 2, 3, or 4 signif

W or %.

To set averaging:

1 Press , , . Press the softkey to

access the filter menu.

2 The cur

To change this setting, press . A pop- up window appears. Use

66 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

the , , , or keys to set your filter length.

3 T

o confirm your choice, press .

The filter can be disabled and re- enabled simply by pressing

veraged Readings

0.01, 0.001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or

icant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is

rent setting of averaging is displayed under the softkey.

Power Meter Operation 2

Input Settings

Filter

Step Det Off On

Step Detection

To reduce the filter settling time after a significant step in the measured power, the filter can be set to re- initialise upon detection of a step increase or decrease in the measured power. Step detection can be set in both manual and automatic filter modes.

To set step detection:

1 Press , , .

2 Press t

3 Use t

he softkey to access the filter menu.

he softkey to enable or disable step detection.

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 67

2 Power Meter Operation

NOTE

Power

Time

Duty Cycle = A

Measuring Pulsed Signals

The power meter can be used to measure the power of a pulsed signal. The measurement result is a mathematical representation of the pulse power rather than an actual measurement (assumes constant peak power). The power meter measures the average power of the pulsed input signal and then divides the measurement result by the duty cycle value to obtain the pulse power reading. The allowable range of values is 0.001% to 100%. The default value is 1.000%.

If duty cycle is enabled, then “Dty Cyc” is displayed.

Pulse measurements are not recommended using Agilent E4412A and E4413A power sensors.

An example of a pulsed signal is shown in Figure 2-10.

Figure 2-10 Pu

68 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

lsed Signal

Power Meter Operation 2

Input Settings

Duty Cycle

Duty Cycle Off On

Duty Cycle

Duty Cycle Off On

NOTE

To set the duty cycle:

1 Press , , . The current setting of the duty

cycle is displayed under the softkey.

2 T

o change this setting, press . The power meter displays the duty cycle in a pop-up window. Modify this value (see below) until the desired duty

• Use

currently positioned.

• Use or to move to other digits.

3 T

o confirm your choice, press .

4 is automatically set to “On”, when a value is entered

using .

Duty cycle can be disabled and re- enabled simply by pressing

Pulse power averages out any aberrations in the pulse such as overshooting or ringing. For this reason, it is called pulse power and not peak power or peak pulse power.

In order to ensure accurate pulse rectangular pulse. Other pulse shapes (such as triangle, chirp, or Gaussian) will cause erroneous results.

The pulse power on or off ratio must be much greater than the duty cycle ratio.

cycle is displayed.

or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

power readings, the input signal must be pulsed with a

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 69

2 Power Meter Operation

NOTE

Input Settings

Limits

Max

Min

Limits Off On

Setting Measurement Limits

You can configure the power meter to detect when a measurement is outwith a predefined upper and/or lower limit value.

There are two types of measurement limits you can set:

• Channel Limits

measurements only.

• Windo

Only one set of limits can be on at a time, that is, Channel, OR Window.

w Limits - are windows based (upper and lower) and can be applied to power, ratio, or difference measurements. In addition, the window based limits can be set to output a TTL logic level at the rear panel Rmt I/O port when the predefined limits are exceeded.

Setting Channel Limits

- are applied to the input channel and are for power

70 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

The power meter can be configured to verify the power being measured against an upper and/or lower limit value. The range of values that can be set for upper and lower limits is –150 dBm to 230 dBm. The default upper

To set the limits:

1 Press , , . The current setting of the

2 T

3 T

Limits can be disabled and re- enabled simply by pressing .

limit is 90.00 dBm and the default lower limit is –90.00 dBm.

maximum and minimum limits are displayed under the and softkeys respectively.

o change either of these settings, press the appropriate softkey. The power meter displays the current value in a pop- up window. Modify this value (see below) until the desired value is displayed.

• Use

currently positioned.

• Use or to move to other digits.

o confirm your choice, press the appropriate measurement units.

or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

Power Meter Operation 2

Power Meter

Swept Source

CHANNEL A INPUT

OUT

Device Under Test

+4 dBm

+10 dBm

Amplitude

Frequency

Fail

A typical application for this feature is shown in Figure 2- 11.

Figure 2-11 Limits Checking Application

Figure 2-12 Limi

In this application, a swept frequency s Device Under Test. The power meter measures the output power. The limits have been set at +4 dBm and +10 dBm. A fail occurs each time the output po

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 71

ts Checking Results

ignal is applied to the input of the

wer is outside these limits as shown in Figure 2- 12.

2 Power Meter Operation

Setting Window Limits

The power meter can be configured to verify the current measurement in either window against predefined upper and/or lower limit values. The range of values that can be set for the upper and lower limits and the default values depends on the measurement units in the currently selected window, see Table 2-6.

Tab l e 2- 6 R

Window Units Max Min Default

dB +200 dB –180 dB 60 dB –120 dB

dBm +230 dBm –150 dBm 90 dBm –90 dBm

% 10.0 Z% 100.0 a% 100.0 M% 100.0 p%

W 100.000 XW 1.000 aW 1.000 MW 1.000 pW

ange of Values for Window Limits

MaxMin

The window based limits can also be set t

o output a TTL logic level at the rear panel Rmt I/O port when the predefined limits are exceeded. You can switch the rear panel TTL outputs, on, or off; set the TTL output level to active high or low; and determine whether the TTL output represents an over limit condition, under limit condition or both.

The TTL connector is an RJ- 45 Series shielded modula

r jack assembly

with the TTL output pins connected as shown in Figure 2- 13.

72 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

Pin Number Connection

1none

2Ground

3 Upper Window TTL Output

4 Lower Window TTL Output

5TTL Input 1

6TTL Input 2

7Ground

8Ground

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Limits

Max

Min

Limits Off On

Figure 2-13 Remote

I/O TTL Outputs

To set the limits:

1 Press , . The current setting of the maximum and

minimum limits are displayed under the and softkeys respectively.

2 T

o change either of these settings, press the appropriate softkey. The power meter displays the current value in a pop- up window. Modify this value (see below) until the desired value is displayed.

or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

• Use

currently positioned.

• Use or to move to other digits.

3 T

o confirm your choice, press the appropriate measurement units.

Limits can be disabled and re- enabled simply by pressing .

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 73

2 Power Meter Operation

Limits

TTL Output

Limits

Fail O/P

Limits

OVER

UNDER

EITHER

Fail O/P

High

Low

TTL Output Off On

NOTE

To set the TTL output:

1 Press , , . The current settings for the TTL

output are displayed under the , , and softkeys.

o select whether the TTL output reflects an overlimit condition, under

2 T

limit condition or both, press . Use any of the four arrow keys to make a selection between , , and on the pop- up menu that appears.

o select whether a high or low level TTL output represents a limits

3 T

failure, use the softkey to toggle between and

TTL outputs can be disabled and re-

enabled simply by pressing

Checking for Limit Failures

Limit failures are displayed in the appropriate field in the measurement window on the power meter’s display as shown in Figure 2- 14.

The same limit fail field is used by both channel and window limits.

74 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation 2

This measurement has passed. This is indicated by the limit field being empty.

This measurement has failed as the result is less than the minimum limit level set of –55 dBm. This is indicated with the text “Undr Lmt”.

This measurement has failed as the result is more than the maximum limit level set of –60 dBm. This is indicated with the text “Over Lmt”.

Figure 2-14 Pass

E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide 75

/Fail Limit Indicators

2 Power Meter Operation

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display

The measurement windows can display the result in either a digital or analog format or both as shown in the following figures.

Figure 2-15 Digital Disp

Figure 2-16 An

Figure 2-17 Di

alog Display

gital and Analog Display

lay

76 E4418B Power Meter User’s Guide

Used Agilent Agilent Used E4418B Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

1 Getting Started

Introduction

Turning On the Power Meter

The Front Panel at a Glance

The Display Layout

Display Tutorial

Window Symbols

The Rear Panel at a Glance

Adjusting the Carrying Handle

Rack Mounting the Power Meter

2 Power Meter Operation

Introduction

Battery Operation (Option 001)

Carry Case

Battery Status

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

When to Zero?

Example

Example

Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors (excluding Option CFT)

Example

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors and N8480 Series Power Sensors with Option CFT

Example

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Ta bl e s

Setting the Units of Measurement

Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys

Making Relative Measurements

Setting the Resolution

Setting Offsets

Setting Averaging

Measuring Pulsed Signals

Setting Measurement Limits

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display