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Keysight Technologies
E4416A/4417A Power
Meters
Service Guide
Notices
CAUTION
WARNING
Copyright Notice
© Keysight Technologies 2001–2016
No part of this manual may be
reproduced in any form or by any
means (including electronic storage
and retrieval or translation into a
foreign language) without prior
agreement and written consent from
Keysight Technologies as governed by
United States and international
copyright laws.
Manual Part Number
E4416-90014
Edition
Edition 14, January 8, 2016
Printed in:
Printed in Malaysia
Published by:
Keysight Technologies
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone,
11900 Penang, Malaysia
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software
described in this document are
furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with
the terms of such license.
U.S. Government Rights
The Software is “commercial computer
software,” as defined by Federal
Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101.
Pursuant to FAR 12.212 and 27.405-3
and Department of Defense FAR
Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the
U.S. government acquires commercial
computer software under the same
terms by which the software is
customarily provided to the public.
Accordingly, Keysight provides
Software to U.S. government
customers under its standard
commercial license, which is embodied
its End User License Agreement
in
(EULA). The license set forth in the
EULA represents the exclusive
authority by which the U.S.
government may use, modify,
distribute, or disclose the Software.
The EULA and the license set forth
therein, does not require or permit,
among other things, that Keysight: (1)
Furnish technical
information related to commercial
computer software or commercial
computer software documentation that
is not customarily provided to the
public; or (2) Relinquish to, or
otherwise provide, the government
rights in excess of these rights
customarily provided to the public to
use, modify, reproduce, release,
perform, display, or disclose
commercial computer software or
commercial computer software
documentation. No additional
government requirements beyond
those set forth in the EULA shall apply,
except to the extent that those terms,
rights, or licenses are explicitly required
from all providers of commercial
computer software pursuant to the FAR
and the DFARS and are set forth
specifically in writing elsewhere in the
EULA. Keysight shall be under no
obligation to update, revise or
otherwise modify the Software. With
respect to any technical data as
defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR
12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS
227.7102, the U.S. government
acquires no greater than Limited Rights
as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR
227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any
technical data.
the
Warranty
THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS
DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND
IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED,
WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE
EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM
EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL
WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS
MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE
FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE
OF THIS DOCUMENT OR OF ANY
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN.
SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER
HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN
AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS
COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS
DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH
THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS
IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT SHALL
CONTROL.
Safety Information
A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like that, if
not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond a CAUTION notice
until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like that, if
not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in personal injury or death.
Do not proceed beyond a WARNING
notice until the indicated conditions are
fully understood and met.
2 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Certification
Warranty
Keysight Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications
at the time of shipment from the factory. Keysight Technologies further certifies
that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National
Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s
calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards
Organization members.
This Keysight Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During
the warranty period, Keysight Technologies will at its option, either repair or
replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this
product must be returned to a service facility designated by Keysight
Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Keysight Technologies and
Keysight Technologies shall pay shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products
returned to Keysight Technologies from another country. Keysight Technologies
warrants that its software and firmware designated by Keysight Technologies for
use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly
installed on that instrument. Keysight Technologies does not warrant that the
operation of the instrument, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 3
Limitation of Warranty
WARNING
CAUTION
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or
inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing,
unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental
specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO
OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Exclusive Remedies
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES. KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER
BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.
Warnings and Cautions
This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards.
A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like, which, if not
correctly performed or adhered to, could resul t in injury or the loss of life. Do
not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
A caution calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like which, if not
correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or the
destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed beyond a caution
until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
4 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Safety Symbols
The following symbol on the instrument and in the documentation indicates
precautions that must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument.
Caution, risk of danger.
The Instruction Documentation Symbol. The product is marked with this symbol
when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the supplied
documentation.
Alternating current (AC).
This symbol indicates the operating switch for ‘Stand-by’ mode. Note, the
instrument is NOT isolated from the mains when the switch is pressed.
To isolate the instrument, the mains coupler (mains input cord) should be removed
from the power supply.
This symbol indicates the operating switch for ‘On’ mode).
External Protective Earth Terminal.
While this is a Class I product, provided with a protective earthing
conductor in a power cord, an external protective earthing terminal has also been
provided. This terminal is for use where the earthing cannot be assured. At least an
18AWG earthing conductor should be used in such an instance, to ground the
instrument to an assured earth terminal.
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 5
Personal Safety Considerations
WARNING
WARNING
CAUTION
This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing ground
incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket
outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective
conductor, inside or outside the instrument, is likely to make the instrument
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited
If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means of protection are intact) only.
No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.
For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line fuse(s) only
with fuses of the same type and rating (for example, normal blow, time delay,
etc.). The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.
General Safety Considerations
Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has been properly
grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a
socket outlet provided with protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside
the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result
in personal injury.
Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the
instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by
trained service personnel.
6 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Regulatory Markings
The CE mark shows that the product complies with all the relevant European legal
Directives (if accompanied by a year, it signifies when the design was proven.
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.
This is the symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 7
IEC 1010-1 Compliance
This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication
1010-1 +A1:1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition. The
instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be
followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a
safe condition.
Recommended Calibration Interval
Keysight Technologies recommends a two-year calibration cycle for the E4416A
and E4417A power meter.
8 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Sales and Service Offices
NOTE
By Internet, phone, or fax, get assistance with all your test and measurement needs.
In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to the power sensor by
its model number and full serial number. With this information, the Keysight
Technologies representative can quickly determine whether your unit is still
within its warranty period.
Country Phone Number Fax Number
United States 800 829 4444 800 829 4433
Canada 877 894 4414 800 746 4866
China 800 810 0189 800 820 2816
Europe 31 20 547 2111 -
Japan (81) 426 56 7832 (81) 426 56 7840
Korea (080) 769 0800 (080) 769 0900
Latin America (305) 269 7500 -
Taiwan 0800 047 866 0800 286 331
Other Asia Pacific Countries: (65) 6375 8100 (65) 6755 0042
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 9
Returning Your Power Meter for Service
CAUTION
Use the information in this section if you need to return your power meter to
Keysight Technologies.
Package the Power Meter for Shipment
Use the following steps to package the power meter for shipment to Keysight
Technologies for service:
1. Fill in a blue service tag (available at the end of this guide) and attach it to the
power meter. Please be as specific as possible about the nature of the
problem. Send a copy of any or all of the following information:
– Any error messages that appeared on the power meter display.
– Any information on the performance of the power meter.
Power meter damage can result from using packaging materials other than
those specified. Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging
materials. They do not adequately cushion the power meter or prevent it
from shifting in the carton. Styrene pellets cause power meter damage by
generating static electricity and by lodging in the rear panel.
2. Use the original packaging materials or a strong shipping container that is
made of double-walled, corrugated cardboard with 159 kg (350 lb) bursting
strength. The carton must be both large enough and strong enough to
accommodate the power meter and allow at least 3 to 4 inches on all sides of
the power meter for packing material.
10 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
3. Surround the power meter with at least 3 to 4 inches of packing material, or
enough to prevent the power meter from moving in the carton. If packing foam
TM
is not available, the best alternative is SD-240 Air Cap
from Sealed Air
Corporation (Commerce, CA 90001). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet covered
with 1-1/4 inch air filled bubbles. Use the pink Air Cap to reduce static
electricity. Wrap the power meter several times in the material to both protect
the power meter and prevent it from moving in the carton.
4. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape.
5. Mark the shipping container "FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE" to ensure careful
handling.
6. Retain copies of all shipping papers.
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 11
About this Guide
Characteristics and Specifications This chapter lists the power meter's
1
specifications and describes how to interpret these specifications.
Performance Tests This chapter contains procedures which allow you to test the
2
power meter's electrical performance to it's specifications.
Adjustments This chapter contains checks and adjustments that ensure proper
3
performance of the power meter.
Theory of Operation This chapter describes how each of the power meter's
4
individual assemblies operate.
Replaceable Parts This chapter details the power meter's replaceable parts. It also
5
explains how to assemble and disassemble the power meter.
Troubleshooting This chapter contains troubleshooting flow charts designed to
6
isolate faults in the Rmt I/O, GPIB and RS232/422 interface ports.
Keysight 432A Power Meters & 478A Sensors: Additional Information This
A
appendix contains additional information for Keysight 432A power meters and
478A sensors.
Equipment Required For Performance Tests And Adjustments This appendix lists
B
equipment required for performance tests and adjustments.
Measurement Uncertainty Analysis - Power Reference Level Test This appendix
C
contains information on the Measurement Uncertainty Analysis in Power
Reference Level Test
Measuremet Uncertainty Analysis - Instrument Accuracy Test This appendix
D
contains information on the Measurement Uncertainty Analysis in Instrument
Accuracy Test
12 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Table of Contents
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Limitation of Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Exclusive Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Warnings and Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Personal Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
General Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Regulatory Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
IEC 1010-1 Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Recommended Calibration Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Sales and Service Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Returning Your Power Meter for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Package the Power Meter for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
About this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
1 Characteristics and Specifications
2Performance Tests
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Equipment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Performance Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Calibration Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Thermistor Mount Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Zero Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 13
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Test Procedure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Test Procedure 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Power Reference Level Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Keysight E-Series Power Sensor Interface Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Keysight E932x Power Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test . . . . . . 53
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Time Base Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
14 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Performance Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
3Adjustments
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Equipment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Post-Repair Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Display Brightness and Contrast Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
4 Theory of Operation
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
A1 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
A2 Processor Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 15
A3 Front Panel Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
A4 Comms Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
A5 Daughter Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
A6 Measurement Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Average Path Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Normal Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Ancillary Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5Replaceable Parts
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Assembly Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Front Panel Connector Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Firmware Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Removing the Power Meter Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Removing the A1 Power Supply Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Removing the A2 Processor Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Removing the A4 Comms Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Removing the A5 Daughter or A6 Measurement Assemblies . . . . 113
Removing the A7 Fan Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Removing the Power Meter RAM Battery (BT1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Removing the A3 Front Panel Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Replacing the Front Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly . . . . 120
Replacing the Rear Panel Power Sensor Cable Assemblies
(Options 002 and 003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Replacing the Rear Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly
(Option 003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Replacing the Rear Panel Recorder Output(s) Cable Assembly . . 125
Replacing The Chassis Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6 Troubleshooting
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Suggested Diagnostic Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
16 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
A Keysight 432A Power Meters & 478A Sensors: Additional Information
Keysight 432A Power Meters: Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Keysight 478A Sensors: Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
B Equipment Required For Performance Tests And Adjustments
Summary Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
C Measurement Uncertainty Analysis - Power Reference Level Test
Measurement Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Define the Measurand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Define the Measurement Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Uncertainty Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Voltage Measurements Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Mismatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Calibration factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Sensor Calibration Factor Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Repeatability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Sensitivity Coefficients (Ci) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Combined Standard Uncertainty (uc(y)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
Expanded Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
D Measuremet Uncertainty Analysis - Instrument Accuracy Test
Measurement Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
Define the Measurand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
Define the Measurement Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
Sensitivity Coefficients Ci: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Combined Standard Uncertainty uc(y): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Expanded Uncertainty kuc(y): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 17
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18 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Zero Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Figure 2-2 Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test Setup . . . . .32
Figure 2-3 Test Setup With Attenuator Connected . . . . . . . . . . .35
Figure 2-4 Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test Setup . . . .39
Figure 2-5 Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test Setup . . . .43
Figure 2-6 Power Reference Level Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Figure 2-7 Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test Setup . . . . . . .54
Figure 2-8 Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test Setup With
Figure 2-9 Time Base Accuracy Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Figure 2-10 Output Standing Wave Ratio Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . .62
Figure 3-1 Adjustment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Figure 3-2 A2L9 Adjustment Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Figure 3-3 Adjustment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Figure 3-4 A2R90 Adjustment Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Figure 6-1 Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Output 1 . . . . . . . . . . .130
Figure 6-2 Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Output 1 (continued) .131
Figure 6-3 Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Output 2 . . . . . . . . . . .132
Figure 6-4 Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Output 2 (continued) .133
Figure 6-5 Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Figure 6-6 Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Inputs (continued) . . .135
Figure 6-7 Troubleshooting Guide - TTL Inputs (continued) . . .136
Figure 6-8 Troubleshooting Guide - RS232/422 Interface . . . . .137
Figure C-1 Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Figure D-1 Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
Attenuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 19
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20 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
List of Tables
Table 2-1 Zero Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Table 2-2 Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test:
Results Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Table 2-3 Instrument Accuracy Results (For Indication Only) . . .41
Table 2-4 Instrument Accuracy Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Table 2-5 Power Reference Level Test Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Table 2-6 Functional Test (Average Path) Results . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 2-7 Power Reference Level Test Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Table 2-8 Output SWR Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Table 2-9 Performance Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Table 3-1 Post Repair Adjustments, Tests, and Checks . . . . . . .73
Table B-1 Equipment Required For Performance Tests And
Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Table C-1 Measurement Repeatability Results . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Table C-2 Combined Standard Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160
Table D-1 Standard Uncertainty Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
Table D-2 Voltage Correction Multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
Table D-3 Combined Standard Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 21
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22 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
E4416A/E4417A Power Meters
Service Guide
1 Characteristics and
Specifications
For the characteristics and specifications of the E4416A/E4417A Power Meters,
refer to the datasheet at
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5980-1469E.pdf.
23
1 Characteristics and Specifications
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24 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
E4416A/E4417A Power Meters
Service Guide
2 Performance Tests
Introduction 26
Zero Test 28
Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test 31
Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test 38
Power Reference Level Test 47
Keysight E-Series Power Sensor Interface Test 52
Keysight E932x Power Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test 53
Time Base Accuracy Test 58
Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test 60
Performance Test Record 68
25
2 Performance Tests
NOTE
Introduction
The performance tests described in this chapter test the power meter's electrical
performance against the specifications detailed in chapter 1. They are used for
incoming inspection, the calibration cycle (also called periodic maintenance), or
after repairs have been made.
The following conditions must be met for valid performance tests:
– The power meter and test equipment must have a 30 minute warm-up for all
specifications.
– The line voltage for the power meter must be 85 to 264 Vac and the line
frequency must be 50 to 440 Hz.
– The ambient temperature must be 0
The following performance tests are described in this chapter:
– Instrument accuracy (normal path) test.
– Instrument accuracy (average path) test.
– Power reference level test.
– Keysight E-Series power sensor interface test.
ºC to 55 ºC.
– Keysight E932x power sensor (average path) functional test.
– Time base accuracy test.
– Output standing wave ratio (SWR) test.
Equipment Required
Each performance test description details the equipment required by the test. In
addition, Appendix B summarizes the equipment required for all performance
tests and adjustments.
26 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Performance Test Record
Performance test results can be recorded in Table 2-9, “Performance Test Record”
on page 68. The Performance Test Record table lists the performance test
specifications and the acceptable limits for each specification.
Calibration Cycle
Keysight E4416A and E4417A power meters require performance tests to be run
every two years to verify that they are operating within specified tolerances. Under
conditions of heavy usage or severe operating environments, this calibration cycle
should be performed more frequently.
Test Procedures
It is assumed that the person performing the tests understands how to operate
the specified test equipment. Equipment settings, other than those for the power
meter, are stated in general terms. It is assumed that the person will select the
proper cables, adapters, and probes required for test setups illustrated in this
chapter.
Performance Tests 2
Thermistor Mount Option
The following thermistor mount options are offered:
– 478A Option H75 with VRC at 200 Ω only (reflection and correction data
provided.
– 478A Option H76 with VRC at 200 Ω only (reflection and correction data
provided.
– 478A Option H77 with VRC at 100 and 200 Ω (reflection and correction data at
50 MHz only).
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 27
2 Performance Tests
Zero Test
Specification
Electrical Characteristics Performance Limits
Accuracy: Zero set (Digital settability of zero)
[a] This performance limit is determined by the zero set specification of the power sensor used in the measurement plus the measurement noise.
The range calibrator has a zero set specification of ±0.05 mW. The calibrator measurement noise specification is 110 nW at 16 averages. At
512 averages a noise multiplier of 0.24 is required, giving a measurement noise specification of 0.0264 mW (0.24x512).
±0.0764 mW
Description
After the power meter is initially calibrated and zeroed, the change in the digital
readout is monitored. This test also takes drift and noise into account, since drift,
noise and zero readings cannot be separated.
Equipment
[a]
– Range Calibrator: Keysight 11683A
– Power Sensor Cable: Keysight 11730A
28 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
Test Setup
Keysight 11730A
Power
Meter
CHANNEL A
Power Meter
Range
Calibrator
NOTE
Preset
Local
Confirm
Meas
Display
Units
W
Figure 2-1 Zero Test Setup
Procedure
The following procedure should be performed for the Zero Test.
The procedure details the key presses required on the Keysight
Technologies E4418B. For the Keysight Technologies E4419B, the equivalent key
presses should be performed on both channels.
Performance Tests 2
1 Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-1.
2 Switch the power meter on.
3 Press then .
4 Press , , for a reading in watts.
5 Set the range calibrator as follows:
–RANGE: 3μW
– POLARITY: NORMAL
–FUNCTION: STANDBY
–LINE: ON
Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide 29
2 Performance Tests
NOTE
Channel
Change
Change
Enter
Zero
Cal
Zero
When switching the range calibrator to STANDBY, allow enough time for the
range calibrator to settle to its zero value before attempting to zero the power
meter. This settling would appear on the power meter display as downward drift.
When the drift has reached minimum, (typically less than 60 seconds), the range
calibrator is settled.
6 Set the filter length:
– Press .
– Highlight the Filter parameter using the up/down arrow keys.
– Scroll through the Filter values by pressing . Select a value of
– Highlight the filter length using the forward arrow key. Press . The
– Press .
7 Zero the power meter:
MAN.
Filter Length pop-up window is displayed. Set the filter length to 512.
Press
, . Wait approximately 10 seconds for the wait symbol to
disappear.
8 Wait 30 seconds then verify that the power meter’s reading is within ±0.05 μW.
Record the reading.
Tab le 2-1 Zero Test Results
Min Channel A Actual Results Channel B Actual Results
(E4417A Only)
–76.40 nW _________________ _________________ +76.40 nW
Max
30 Keysight E4416A/E4417A Power Meters Service Guide
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