any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into
a foreign language) without prior agreement
and written consent from Keysight Technologies as governed by United States and international copyright laws.
Manual Part Number
B1506-90000
Edition
Edition 1, October 2014
Edition 2, December 2014
Edition 3, January 2016
Printed in:
Printed in Malaysia
Published by:
Keysight Technologies International Japan
G.K.
9-1, Takakura-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo
192-0033 Japan
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software described in
this document are furnished under a license
and may be used or copied only in accordance
with the terms of such license.
Declaration of Conformity
Declarations of Conformity for this product
and for other Keysight products may be
downloaded from the Web.
U.S. Government Rights
The Software is “commercial computer software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR 12.212
and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR
Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S.
government acquires commercial computer
software under the same terms by which the
software is customarily provided to the public.
Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software
to U.S. government customers under its standard commercial license, which is embodied
in its
End User License Agreement (EULA).
The license set forth in the EULA represents
the exclusive authority by which the U.S.
government may use, modify, distribute, or
disclose the Soft-ware. The EULA and the
license set forth therein, does not require or
permit, among other things, that Keysight: (1)
Furnish technicommercial com-puter software or
commercial computer software
documentation that is not customar-ily
provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or
otherwise provide, the government rights in
excess of these rights customarily provided
to the public to use, modify, reproduce,
release, perform, display, or disclose commercial computer software or commercial
computer software documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those
set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the
extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are
explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursuant to the
FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update,
revise or otherwise modify the Software. With
respect to any technical data as defined by
FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and
27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited
Rights as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR
227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical
data.
cal information related to
Warranty
THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT
TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN
FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH
REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH
THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE
OF THIS DOCUMENT OR OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE
WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY
TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS
DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE
TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT SHALL CONTROL.
Page 3
COMPLIANCE WITH GERMAN NOISE REQUIREMENTS
This is to declare that this product is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise
Declaration for Machines (Lärmangabe nach der Maschinenlärminformation-Verordnung
-3.GSGV Deutschland).
•Herstellerbescheinigung
GERÄUSCHEMISSION
Lpa < 70 dB
am Arbeitsplatz
normaler Betrieb
nach DIN 45635 T. 19
•Manufacturer’s Declaration
ACOUSTIC NOISE EMISSION
Lpa < 70dB
operator position
normal operation
per ISO 7779
South Korean Class A EMC declaration
This equipment is Class A suitable for professional use and is for use in electromagnetic
environments outside of the home.
Page 4
•When the RED indicator lights, lethal voltage (3000 V dc/pulse) may appear at
WARNING
High Voltage
is used in the operation of this equipment.
LETHAL VOLTAGE on CONTACT
may be present at measurement terminals,
if you fail to take in all safety precautions!
measurement terminals.
•Usually use the interlock function.
•D
o not operate the instrument unless another person is around the work space who is
famili
ar with instrument operation and hazards or administering first aid.
•Potentials less than 500 V may ca
adequate preventive measures must be taken at all times!
FIRST AID FOR ELECTRIC SHOCK
SPECIAL ATTENTION T
•Never rush into an accidental situation.
•Take special attention to the following noti
•Do NOT touch the CASUALTY or conductive surface with your hands unprotected.
•Shut off high voltage at once.
O R
•Disconnect AC mains.
•If it is unsure to make safe, the following procedure will helps to protect your lives
d
he CASUALTY is rescued.
uring t
•Stand on a dry insulating material; use a dry wooden
the CASUALTY from contact with hazardous electrical source.
•Ground the circuit to de-energize.
use death under certain conditions. Therefore,
ESCUE IN SAFETY
ces to prevent second accident.
or plastic implement to free
Page 5
•Free the CASUALTY from the LIVE conductor
ೃ
㰫䤚ᚁᚁೃᚪᚪೃ
ᚰ⫵Ṇ㕂䘦 㩫㰖G ᚰ⫵Ṇᚰ⫵Ṇ
ᩚ⬦㩫ⰻ⬧ᚊ滸ġ⬦ᚊ㰺
(difficult or absent
Mißerfolg
྾䢎䦷 㩚྾྾
➽⫗③
②ᨥ
⁒㥷䐋
㑮㿫
⫙⫗③
䕱㋃
⫙⫗③
②ᨥ
ᚰ⮚㯞⑷㕂㧻 Ⱎ゚G ᚰ傷㯞⑶ᚰ⮤㯞⑷
⑷ࢀ
่③
㩖Ⰲ┺
Ṗ㔲③
⍹㯞
่③
ⓐ㯞
่③
ព㆑㦮㔳 ⳛព孮ព㆑
ឤ㟁㊧Ṧ㩚 㧦ῃゐ䓝㏠゙㟁㊧
CALL EMERGENCY
•Call your local Emergency number immediately, if any
•In some cases, electric shock can cause injuries that are not evident and symptoms
may be delay
ed.
•Burns to the CASUALTY may be greater than they appear on the surface.
•For these reasons, all electric shock CASUALTY should be taken to hospital for
adva
nced observation.
English Deutsch French Japanese Korean Simplified
Chinese
Symptoms Symptome Symptômes
Cardiac arrest Herz-Kreislauf-Stillsta
nd
Abnormal cardiac
rhythm
Respiratory failure
breathing)
Muscle pain and
contractions
Seizures (heart
beat stopped)
Numbness and
tingling
Unconsciousness Bewusstlosigkeit Évanouissement
Entrance and exit
wound burns
Arrhythmia
Respiratorischer
Muskelschmerz und
Zusammenziehungen
Herzlähmung Paralysie cardiaque
Eine Taubheit /
Stachel
Eine elektrische
Schockspur
Arestation
cardiopulmonaire
Arythmie
Échec respiratoire
Douleur du muscle
et contractions
Un engourdissement
/ Une épine
Une trace du choc
électrique
/
/
㰫
/
/
/
/
Traditional
Chinese
/
/
Page 6
First Aid for Electric Shock Procedure
Do not give compression-only CPR to infants and children — all infants and children who have a sudden
cardiac arrest need conventional CPR. Also should not be used for adults whose cardiac arrest is from
respiratory causes, or for an unwitnessed cardiac arrest.
D
Danger
Check for DANGER, make SAFE first to YOU, Others, and the CASUALTY.
R
Response
Check for a RESPONSE.
Leave on back.
If not conscious,
1.Ask others to emergency CALL for an ambulance immediately.
2.HELP to bring AED, ASAP.
3.Start CPR by YOU.
C
CPR
for ADULT only
Start the center of chest compressions (>100 compressions per minute) without
stopping until emergency medical services arrive.
Continue CPR until
z Signs of life return.
z AED is ready to use.
z Medical services arrive and take over.
If YOU have a trained rescue skill, should apply the following step.
If not, only keep chest compression until others help.
A
Airway
No foreign material
Leave on back, open airway.
Foreign material
Place in the recovery position, clear of objects.
B
Breathing
30 compress & 2 breaths
D
Defibrillator
Apply AED with following voice prompts.
If no AED available, continue CPR until qualified personnel arrives.
One of the most famous chest compression-only CPR is AHA Hands-Only CPR which
is without mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths.
Rhythm of chest compression:
Page 7
Page 8
Safety Summary
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation,
service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with
specific warnings elsewhere in this manual may impair the protections provided by the
instrument. In addition, it violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended
use of the instrument. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for customer’s failure to
comply with these requirements.
Product manuals may be provided on CD-ROM or in printed form. Printed manuals are an
option for many products. Manuals may also be available on the Web.
NOTEDo not use this instrument in any manner not specified by the manufacturer. The protective
features of this instrument may be impaired if it is used in a manner not specified in the
operation instructions.
This instrument is an INDOOR USE product.
This instrument complies with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II for mains input and
INSTALLA
defined in IEC 61010-1.
If an instrument is marked CAT I (IEC Measurement Category I), or it is not marked with a
measurement category, its measurement terminals must not be connected to line-voltage
mains.
TION CATEGORY I for measurement input terminals, and POLLUTION DEGREE 2
Safety of any system incorporating the equipment is the responsibility of the assembler of
the system.
WARNINGHazardous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at the measurement
terminals (High, Force, Guard, and Sense) if Interlock terminal is closed. Open the Interlock
terminal when the measurement terminals are accessible. Voltage applied to the terminals
will be limited up to ±42
Do not work the interlock function intentionally in order to bring the output voltage to the
safe level. W
voltage or the residual charge appears on the measurement terminal.
hile the high voltage indicator is lit, the dangerous voltage by the output
V.
Page 9
•DANGEROUS PROCEDURE WARNINGS
Warnings, such as WARNING on the previous page, shall be complied. Procedures
thr
oughout in this manual prevent you from potentially hazard. Their instructions
contained in the warnings must be followed.
•BEFORE APPLYING POWER
rify that all safety precautions are taken. Make all connections to the instrument
Ve
before appl
“Safety Symbols”.
•GROUND THE INSTRUMENT
is is Safety Class I instrument. To minimize shock
Th
cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground. The power terminal and the power
cable must meet International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) safety standards.
•DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE
not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation
Do
of any electr
•DO NOT REMOVE COVERS
No
electr
•IN CASE OF DAMAGE
ying power. Note the instrument's external markings described under
hazard, the instrument chassis and
ical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.
operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent
ical shock do not remove covers.
In
struments that appear damaged or defective should be made inoperative and
secur
ed against unintended operation until they can be repaired by qualified service
personnel. Return the instrument to a Keysight Technologies sales or service office for
services and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
•USE ONLY THE SPECIFIC ACCESSORIES
Specific acc
instrument
reasons.
essories satisfy the requirements for specific characteristics for using the
. Use the specific accessories, cables, adapters, and so on for safety
Page 10
Safety Symbols
>
^
CAT I
The general definitions of safety symbols used on equipment or in manuals are listed below.
Direct current.
Alternating current.
Earth (ground) terminal.
Protective conductor terminal. For protection ag
Used with field wiring terminals to indicate the terminal which must be connected to
ground befor
Frame or chassis terminal. A connection to the frame (chassis) of the equipment which
normally includes all exposed metal structures.
Grounded terminal which indicates the earth potential.
On supply.
Off supply.
Standby supply. The equipment will be marked with this symbol is not completely
disconnected from AC mains when power switch is in the standby position.
In position of a bi-stable push switch.
Out position of a bi-sta
Hazardous voltage and potential for electrical shock.
symbol when the equipment is on.
Hot surface. Avoid contact. Surfaces are hot and may ca
Low temperature or freezing conditions. Avoid contact. Surfaces are cold and may cause
personal injury if touched.
Caution, refer to accompanying documentation. The equipment wil
symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual.
e operating equipment.
ble push
switch.
electrical shock in case of a fault.
ainst
Do not touch terminals that have this
use personal injury if touched.
l be marked with this
Read operator's manual. To indicate that the operator's manual or card should be read
before continuing the operation.
IEC Measurement Category I
The CE mark shows that the product complies with all applicable European Directives.
Page 11
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.
The RCM mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Communications Authority. This
signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework Regulations under the terms of
Radio communications Act.
the
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.
This is the symbol for an Industrial, Scientific and Medical, Group 1 Class A product. (CISPR
11)
Korea’s safety and EMC mark
China RoHS - Environmentally Green Product Label
China RoHS - Product with Toxic Substance 40 yr EPUP
The Chinese mark for paper-based packaging materials; Paperboard and Corrugated
Fiberboard
Plastic Material Coding Identification
WARNINGA WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice,
or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or
death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
CAUTIONA CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice,
or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the
product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
Page 12
Power Supply and Measurement Safety
•Power Supply Safety
This instrument can output high currents and voltages. Make sure that the load or
device under t
that the connection leads can safely withstand the expected currents and are insulated
for the expected voltages.
The instrument outputs may be connected so as to float relative to earth ground.
lation or floating voltage ratings are indicated on the instrument, near the output
Iso
terminal or the Circuit Common terminal. There is the danger of electric shock by
touching the floated measurement terminals. Keep in mind it to protect yourself. And it
is a reason of using the recommended accessories.
•Voltage/Current Measurement Safety
Multimeters and other instruments capable of measuring high voltages and currents
are subj
connected. To safely use these instruments, you need to understand the markings on
the instrument near the input terminals, which include the Protection Limits and the
IEC Measurement Category.
•Protection Limits
est can safely handle the output current and voltage. Also, make sure
ect to specific safety concerns because of the circuits to which they may be
Keysight multimeters and other voltage measurement inst
circuitry to prevent damage to the instrument and to protect against the danger of
electric shock, provided the Protection Limits are not exceeded. To ensure safe
operation of the instrument, do not exceed the Protection Limits shown on the input
terminals.
•Source/Monitor Terminals
Source/monitor unit, SMU, can simultaneously perform DC voltage or current output
and measurement. T
terminals as shown below. Normally the Force, Guard, and Sense terminals are the
same potential. Voltage marked around the terminals indicates the Protection Limits.
Force and Sense must be connected to a terminal of a device under test for the Kelvin
connectio
measurement. For the non-Kelvin connection to ease the connections, connect Force
only. Do not connect Sense. It must be opened.
n which is effective for high current measurement and low resistance
ypical SMU has the Force, Guard, Sense, and Circuit Common
ruments provide protection
Page 13
Guard should be extended to around the device terminal for reducing leakage current
Force
Sense
Guard
Circuit Common
Guard
1.E- 09
1.E- 08
1.E- 07
1.E- 06
100100010000
Capac itance ( F)
Volt age ( V)
Safety Area
Q=45 μC
C=0.1 μF
(Based on standards IEC60950-1 and IEC61010-1.)
caused by a coaxial cable used. Guard must be never connected to anything at the
device side.
Circuit Common should be connected to shielding of
The following image is the Kelvin triaxial
connector of Medium Power SMU.
•To Avoid Risk of Residual Charge
the coaxial cable used.
This graph shows the load capacitance vs voltage characteristics generally considered
as safety. Use the instrument within the safety area up to 0.1 F or 45 C according to
the voltage. Also do not connect the capacitive load over the maximum load
capacitance specified for the instrument, for example 10 nF for HVSMU.
Before touching the measurement terminal, confirm that it has been discharged
enough. For that, ground and discharge the terminals over 10 seconds after stopping
the high voltage output, and confirm that they have been safety voltage by using
another volt meter.
If abnormal end of measurement, breaking of cable, or device damage occurs, do not
the terminals until they are discharged enough.
ouch
t
Also if a series resistor is connected, do not to
enough.
uch the terminal until it is discharged
Page 14
High Voltage Shock Hazard
Keysight B1506A can force dangerous voltages (±3000 Vdc for HVSMU and ±100 Vdc for
MPSMU)
the following safety precautions must be observed during the use of Keysight B1506A.
•Connect the instrument to an electrical ground (safety ground) by using
at the High, Force, Guard, and Sense terminals. To prevent electric shock hazard,
ee-conductor AC power cable.
thr
•Before performing measurement, connect the interlock
of this instrument.
•Confirm periodically that the interlock function works normally.
•Befo
•Warn workers in the vicinity of the instrument about hazardous conditions.
re touching the connections of the High, Force, Guard, and Sense terminals, turn
the instrument off and discharge any capacitors of the measurement path. If you do not
turn the instrument off, complete “all” of the following items, regardless of any
instrument settings.
•Terminate measurement by pressing the Stop key, confirm that the Measurement
status ind
•Confirm that the High Voltage indicator is not lit.
•Open the Interlock terminal.
•Discharge any capacitors if the capacitance is connected to an SMU.
icator is not lit.
circuit to the Interlock terminal
Page 15
Gefahr durch Hochspannung
Von den Geräten Keysight B1506A können Spannungen an den Anschlüssen “High”,
“Forc
e”, “Guard” und “Sense” von bis zu 3000 V ausgehen. Um elektrischem Schlag
vorzubeugen, ist bei der Benützung der Geräte Keysight B1506A folgendes zu beachten.
•Verwenden Sie ein dreiphasiges AC-Stromkabel für die Gerätsteckvorrichtung
(Eingang) und schl
•Vor der Messung verbinden Sie den Verriegelungsstromkreis mit dem
Int
erlock-Anschluss dieses Instruments.
•Prüfen Sie in regelmäßigen Abständen, dass die Verriegelungsfunktion
ordnungsgemäß funktioniert.
•Bevor Sie die Verbindungen zu den Anschlüssen “High”, “Force”, “Guard” und “Sense”
berühren, schalten Sie das Instrument aus und entladen alle Kondensatoren des
Messweg
den Instrumenteinstellungen, alle folgenden Schritte durch.
s. Wenn Sie das Instrument nicht ausschalten, führen Sie, unabhängig von
ießen Sie das Instrument an eine Erdung an (Sicherheitserdung).
•Beenden Sie die Messung, indem Sie auf die Tast
sicher, dass die Statusanzeige “Measurement” nicht leuchtet.
•Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Anzeige “High Voltage” nicht leuchtet.
•Öffnen des Interlock-Anschlusses.
•Entladen Sie alle Kondensatoren, wenn die Ka
•Warnen Sie Mitarbeiter in der Umgebung des Instruments vor den Gefahren.
e “Stop” drücken. Stellen Sie
t mit einer SMU verbunden ist.
pazitä
Page 16
Danger de choc dû à une haute tension
Une tension dangereuse (max. ± pour HVSMU; 3000 Vdc, max. ± pour MPSMU; 100 Vdc)
émanant du dispositif Keysight B1506A peut être sortie aux bornes High, Force, Guard et
Sense. Les précautions suivantes doivent être obserées contre commotion électrique accidentelle.
•Utilisez un câble d’alimentation CA à trois conducteurs vers le coupleur secteur
ré
e) et branchez l’instrument sur une mise électrique à la terre (prise de terre de
(ent
sécurité).
•Avant de procéder aux mesures, connectez le circuit de sécurité à la borne Interlock de
l’instrument
•Vérifiez régulièrement le bon fonctionnement de la fonction de sécurité.
•Avant de toucher les connexions des bornes High, Force, Guard et Sense, mettez
l’instrument
vous ne mettez pas l’instrument hors tension, effectuez « toutes » les opérations
ci-dessous, quels que soient les paramètres de l’instrument.
•Terminez les mesures en appuyant sur la touche Stop ; vérifiez que l’indicateur
•Vérifiez que le témoin High Voltage est éteint.
•Ouvrez la borne Interlock.
.
hors tension et déchargez tout condensateur du chemin de mesure. Si
Measurement est éteint.
d’état
•Déchargez les éventuels condensateurs si la capacité est connectée à une unité
SMU
.
nformez les personnes travaillant à proximité de l’instrument des conditions.
•Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC
This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking requirements.
The affixed label indicates that you must not discar
in domestic household waste.
Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex
1, this pr
Do not dispose in domestic household waste.
oduct is classified as a “Monitoring and Control instrumentation” product.
d this electrical/ electronic product
To return unwanted products, contact your local Keysig
website for more information.
Certain products sold by Keysight contain a liquid crystal display (LCD); backlighting
for t
managed, recycled, and/or disposed in accordance with all applicable laws, ordinances
and regulations.
is provided by a fluorescent lamp which contains mercury, and must be
he LCD
ht office or visit the following
Page 19
Precautionary Statement
Keysight B1506A Power Device Analyzer for Circuit Design operates in the Microsoft
Windows environment. Keysight B1506A requires Keysight Easy Test Navigator software, a
specially-designed Windows application program.
•About guarantee and support for Keysight B1506A
Keysight Technologies guarantees and supports the per
for the same condition as the preload condition when shipped from the factory.
•About updating Keysight Easy Test Navigator and the Windows Update
Keysight Technologies confirms the operation of Easy Test Navigator patch programs
and importan
information. Visit Keysight B1506A support site, download the patches, and perform
the software update.
•About Windows application programs and peripherals (including driver)
Using commercial products on Keysight B1506A is your responsibility. Keysight
Techno
•About servicing
Bench repair service is available at your nearest
Be aware that the B1506A configuration might be updated to the latest one without
notice because of support issues.
The internal hard disk drive (HDD) might be init
are connected, they will be removed.
When Keysight B1506A is returned, the internal HDD might be initialized. Peripherals
will
be returned separately.
•Other notes
t Windows security patches, and provides recommended update
logies cannot provide compatibility information for commercial products.
Keysight Technologies service center.
ialized during servicing. If peripherals
formance of Keysight B1506A
•Back up the internal HDD to prevent loss of data by accident or failure.
•Protect Keysight B1506A from computer viruses.
•If you connect Keysight B1506A to the network, take care to protect it from
comput
er v
irus.
Page 20
Working in Comfort
To optimize your comfort and productivity, it is important that you set up your work area
correctly and use your instrument properly. With that in mind, we have developed some
set-up and use recommendations for you to follow based on established ergonomic
principles. Improper and prolonged use of keyboards and input devices are among those
tasks that have been associated with repetitive strain injury (RSI) to soft tissues in the
hands and arms. If you experience discomfort or pain while using the instrument,
discontinue use immediately and consult your physician as soon as possible. For more
information on RSI you may wish to consult the About Repetitive Strain Injury section.
Please study the recommendations described below. Included there are references to
relevant parts of international standards, regulations and guidelines, such as ISO 9241 and
the European Community Display Screen Equipment directive. You may also wish to consult
your employer’s human resources department or other relevant departments for guidance
specific to your company.
About Repetitive Strain Injury
Because your comfort and safety are our primary concern, we strongly recommend that you
use the instrument in accordance with established ergonomic principles and
recommendations. Scientific literature suggests that there may be a relationship between
injury to soft tissues -especially in the hands and arms- and prolonged improper use of
keyboards or other equipment requiring repeated motions of the hands and forearms. This
literature also suggests that there are many other risk factors that may increase the chance
of such injury, commonly called Repetitive Strain Injury.
What is RSI?
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI -also known as cumulative trauma disorder or repetitive
motion injury) is a type of injury where soft tissues in the body, such as muscles, nerves, or
tendons, become irritated or inflamed. RSI has been a reported problem for those who
perform repetitive tasks such as assembly line work, meatpacking, sewing, playing musical
instruments, and computer work. RSI also has been observed in those who frequently
engage in activities such as carpentry, knitting, housework, gardening, tennis, windsurfing
and lifting children.
What causes RSI?
The specific causes of RSI have not been established. Nevertheless, the incidence of RSI
has been associated with a variety of risk factors, including:
•Too many uninterrupted repetitions of an activity or motion.
•Performing an activity in an awkward or unnatural posture.
Page 21
•Maintaining static posture for prolonged periods.
•Failing to take frequent short breaks.
•Other environmental and psychosocial factors.
In addition, there have been reports associating the occurrence of RSI with the use of
k
yboards, mice, and other input devices. Also, certain medical conditions, such as
e
rheumatoid arthritis, obesity and diabetes, may predispose some people to this type of
injury.
What if I experience discomfort?
If you are experiencing any discomfort, seek professional medical advice immediately.
Typically, the earlier a problem is diagnosed and treated, the easier it is to resolve.
Mice and Other Input Devices
Various aspects of using mice and other input devices may increase your risk of discomfort
or injury. Observing the following recommendations may reduce that risk.
•Try to keep your hand, wrist, and forearm in
or other input device.
•If you use your thumb to rotate the ball on a trackball or spaceball, keep it in a relaxed,
natu
ral shape, and maintain a neutral posture in your hand, wrist, and forearm.
•Hold the mouse gently by draping your fingers ov
fingers loose. Do not grip the mouse tightly.
•It takes very little pressure or force from your fingers to activate the buttons or scroll
wheel on y
force can place unnecessary stress on the tendons and muscles in your hands, wrists,
and forearms.
•If you are using a scrolling mouse, be sure to
neutral position when activating the scroll wheel. Also, this type of mouse features
software that can minimize the number of mouse movements or button clicks.
•When using a mouse, trackball, or other input device, position it as close to the
ke
using it.
•Be sure to keep your mouse and trackball clean. Regular removal of accumulated dust
and di
motions.
For more information, see “Working in Comfort” located at
http://about.keysight.com/en/quality/Keysight_Ergonomic_Information.pdf.
our mouse, scrolling mouse, trackball, or other input device. Using too much
yboard as possible, and keep it at the same level as you do not have to stretch while
rt helps ensure proper tracking and reduces unnecessary hand and wrist
a neutral position while using your mouse
er it. Keep your hand relaxed and
keep your fingers and hand in a relaxed,
Page 22
In This Manual
This manual describes the product overview, installation information, measurement
operation, and software reference information of Keysight Technologies B1506A.
This manual consists of the following chapters:
1. “Introduction”
This chapter describes basic features of Keysight B1506A.
2. “Installation”
This chapter describes installation and maintenance.
3. “How To Perform Measurement”
This chapter explains how to perform measurement by using Keysight B1506A.
4. “GUI Reference”
This chapter provides the reference information of Keysight Easy Test Navigator
software.
NOTE
NOTEThe information is subject to change without notice due to the future enhancement.
For the specifications of the B1506A, see Data Sheet.
The actual screen image on the B1506A may be different from the image shown in this
manual.
This chapter describes the basic functions and features of Keysight B1506A Power
Device Analyzer for Circuit Design, and consists of the following sections.
•“Overview”
•“Mainframe Front View”
•“Mainframe Rear View”
•“Test Fixture Front View”
•“Test Fixture Rear View”
•“Software”
•“Access
•“Options”
•“Measurement Resources”
ories”
1- 2Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 31
Introduction
Overview
Overview
Keysight B1506A Power Device Analyzer for Circuit Design is a complete solution
that can help power electronic circuit designers maximize the value of their power
electronics products by enabling them to select the correct power devices for their
applications. It can evaluate all relevant device parameters under a wide range of
operating conditions, including IV parameters such as breakdown voltage and
on-resistance, as well as three terminal FET capacitances, gate charge and power
loss.The B1506A has a wide range of capabilities that help it identify substandard
devices under actual circuit operating conditions, including a wide voltage and
current range (3 kV and 1500 A), a wide temperature measurement range (-50 °C to
+250 °C), fast pulsing capability, and sub-nA level current measurement capability.
Its unique software interface presents the user with a familiar device data sheet
format that makes it easy to characterize devices without going through any formal
training. Integrated switching circuitry within the test fixture supports fully
automated testing, with the ability to automatically change between both high
voltage and high current testing as well as between IV and CV measurements. In
addition, a unique plug-in style device test fixture socket adapter eliminates cable
connection and other human-related errors. The B1506A also supports the complete
automation of thermal characterization. This can be accomplished either through the
integrated Thermostream control or via the Thermal Plate. Since the DUT is in close
proximity to the B1506A’s measurement resources, the large parasitics caused by
cable extensions leading to a temperature chamber do not exist. For this reason,
oscillation free ultra-high currents of up to 1500 A can be accurately evaluated at
both low and high temperature.
Each package contains the mainframe, the test fixture, the connection cables, and
the control software. For the furnished accessories, see Table 1-1.
Mainframe
Mainframe is equipped with the measurement resources listed below, the 15-inch
touch screen LCD panel, hard disk drive, DVD drive, USB, LAN, GPIB, GPIO
interfaces, and so on. For more information on the measurement resources, see
“Measurement Resources” on page 1-26.
•HVSMU, high voltage source/monitor unit, 1 ea.
•HCSMU, high current source/monitor unit, 1 ea. for the B1506A-H20/H21
•MCSMU, medium current source/monitor unit, 1 ea. for the B1506A-H20, 2 ea.
for H21, 3 ea. for H50/H70, 4 ea. for H51/H71
•MFCMU, multi frequency capacitance measurement unit, 1 ea. for the
B1506A-H21/H51/H71
•MPSMU, medium power source/monitor unit, 1 ea.
•GNDU, ground unit, 1 ea.
The B1506A provides an intuitive graphical user interface, touch screen LCD,
stylus pen, USB keyboard, and USB mouse for easy and effective measurement and
analysis on the Windows environment, and supports the B1506A measurement
control software listed below. For more information, see “Software” on page 1-20.
•Easy Test Navigator software
•EasyEXPERT software
1- 4Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 33
Introduction
Overview
Test Fi xture
The test fixture is required to connect your device under test (DUT). The following
furnished accessories are available.
•Socket module for connecting a 3-pin inline package device
•Socket module for connecting a curve tracer test adapter
•Universal socket module kit for connecting variety of packaged devices.
•Accessories for connecting other type of device
•Blank silicon plate
•Connection wire
•Clip
•Banana pin adapter
•Socket adapter for performing gate charge measurement, for the
B1506A-H21/H51/H71
•Thermocouple for performing temperature measurement
The test fixture initially installs the selector for switching the measurement resource
connected to the collector/drain terminal of the DUT. The measurement resource
will be the MFCMU, the HVSMU, the MPSMU, the HCSMU, or the ultra high
current unit (UHCU). Available resources depend on the package (option).
The B1506A-H50/H51/H70/H71 configures the UHCU by using the test fixture and
two MCSMU installed in the mainframe. The B1506A-H50/H51 supports up to 500
A and the B1506A-H70/H71 supports up to 1500 A.
Additionally, for controlling temperature of DUT, the test fixture can be equipped
with Thermal Plate inside the fixture cover or Thermostream by using the
B1506A-T01 Thermal Test Enclosure.
For the Thermal Plate and the Thermostream, contact inTEST Corporation.
NOTESelector may emit a noise sound during operation. However it is not abnormal
status.
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Introduction
1
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12
6
7
8
9
10
11
4
2
3
Mainframe Front View
Mainframe Front View
This section describes the front view of the mainframe.
1. Standby switch
Turns on/off the mainframe. Pressing the button in the ON state makes it in the
standby state. The green LED lights when it is in the ON state.
NOTEOpening measurement terminals
Open the measurement terminals at the device side when turning the B1506A on.
Also disconnect the device from the measurement terminals and open the
measurement terminals after the measurement. If you leave the connection with the
device, the device may be damaged by unexpected operations or charge-up of
measurement cables.
2. HDD access indicator
This green LED lights in the access status of HDD or DVD drive. Do not turn
the instrument off during this LED lights.
1- 6Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 35
3. LCD adjustment keys
Introduction
Mainframe Front View
LCD Off enables or disables the LCD panel
LCD is disabled.
Four keys are available for adjusting brightness. Use + and - to adjust it and
then press Set to fix it. Pressing Cancel instead of Set cancels the adjustment.
4. USB interfaces
USB, 2 ports. For keyboard, mouse, and so on.
To
remove USB devices from the instrument, use “Safely Remove Hardware”
on Windows taskbar. If it is not used, the instrument may cause the internal USB
communication error. If the error occurs, turn the instrument off and disconnect
the power cable from it. Leave it about 30 seconds before rebooting it, and
connect the power cable again, and then turn the instrument on.
5. LCD panel
15 inch TFT XGA display, 1024 768
the B1506A measurement control software, and so on. Touch screen operation is
available when the Touch Panel Off indicator does not light.
To adjust the touch panel, use Microchip TSHARC Control Panel which is
opened by selecting Microchip TSHARC Control Panel from the Start menu.
6. Stop key
Stops the present measurement or source output immediately.
7. High voltage status indicator
. The green LED lights when the
resolution. Displays the Windows screen,
This red LED lights when a source channel applies dangerous voltage.
8. Measurement status indicator
This green LED lights when a measuremen
9. Rotary knob
Works on the execution environment of the B1506A measurement control
software. R
increases/decreases/changes the value in the active entry field. Pressing the knob
sets or enters the value.
10. Softkeys
Seven softkeys are available for the B1506A measurement control software.
Used to s
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 7
otating the knob moves the marker on the graph, or
elect an alternative for the entry field specified or the dialog box.
t channel per
forms measurement.
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Introduction
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6
7
8
9
10
11
4
2
3
Mainframe Front View
11. DVD-R drive
For data backup, software update, and so on.
12. Touch Panel Off key
Works on the execution environment of the B1506A measurement control
software. Enables or disables the touch screen operation. The green LED lights
when the touch screen is disabled.
1- 8Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 37
Introduction
Mainframe Rear View
Mainframe Rear View
This section describes the rear view of the mainframe.
WARNINGTo avoid electrical shock and instrument damage, turn the all instruments off
before connecting or disconnecting measurement cable.
Mettez la machine hors tension pour fixer le connecteur ou pour retirer le
connecteur de l’unité centrale.
WARNINGThere are potentially hazardous voltages (± 3000 Vdc for HVSMU and ± 100
Vdc for MPSMU) present at the High, Force, Sense,
the instruments. To prevent electrical shock, the following safety precautions
must be observed during the use of instruments.
and Guard terminals of
•Connect the instrument to an electrical gr
three-conductor AC power cable.
•Connect the mainframe Interlock terminal to th
terminal by using an interlock cable.
•Confirm periodically that the interlock function works n
•Before touching the connections on the Hig
Guard terminals in the test fixture, turn the instruments off and discharge
any capacitors. If you do not turn the instruments off, complete all of the
following items, regardless of the instrument settings.
Stop
•Press the front panel
•Confirm that the front panel High Voltage indicator is not lit.
•Open the Interlock terminal (open the fixture cover).
•Discharge any capacitors connected t
•Warn persons working around the instruments about dangerous
cond
itions.
key to set the source output off.
ound (safety ground) by using
e test fixture Interlock
ormally.
h, High Force, High Sense, and
measurement resource.
o a
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 9
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Introduction
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9
8
C
D
F
5
3
4
11
141213
7
2
B
D
D
D
A
6
B1506A-H51/H71
Mainframe Rear View
1. Serial number
You need this seri
assistance program.
2. LED status indicator
For troubleshooting. Followings are some examples.
•Bo
th LEDs turn off:
The instrument is in the standby state and Standby switch is OFF position.
•One LED turns green:
Power supply works normally.
•Both LEDs turn orange:
The instrument is in the standby state and Standby switch is ON position.
3. LINE input receptacle
AC power cable is connected to
4. GPIB interface
al number when using Keysight Technologies telephone
eceptacle.
this r
1- 10Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 39
Introduction
Mainframe Rear View
For the GPIB connection of this instrument, use an GPIB interface, Keysight
82350B (for PCI bus), Keysight 82357A/B (USB/GPIB), or National Instrument
GPIB-USB-HS.
For using an USB/GPIB interface, it is recommended to set the GPIB address of
this instrument to an even number. The USB/GPIB interface might cause serial
poll error intermittently due to the intrinsic communication scheme differences.
It is reported that using an even GPIB address sometimes significantly decreases
the chance of the error.
5. Video output terminal
VGA connector. For an external display. Signal to the built-in LCD is also
applied
to this terminal.
6. Measurement Resources
See A to F described later.
7. Circuit Common () and frame ground () terminals
Normally, connect the terminals together by using the shorting bar. For floating
measurement, remove the shorting bar.
WARNINGIf the Circuit Common terminal is not connected to the frame ground terminal
(for floating measurement), a potential shock hazard may present. Do not
h any of measurement circuit at any time while a floating measurement is
touc
in progress.
Si la borne Circuit Common n'est pas co
(pour des mesures de flotte), il peut y avoir un risque de choc électrique. Ne
touchez aucun circuit de mesure à n'importe quel moment quand la mesure de
flotte est en cours.
CAUTIONFor floating measurement, do not apply dangerous voltage to the Circuit Common
terminal. Failure to heed this caution may result in damage to the instrument.
8. Zero Check terminal
Ground reference point of the instrument.
CAUTIONThe Zero Check terminal can be used for the service purpose only. For the normal
operation, leave this terminal open and do not connect anything to this terminal.
Connecting anything can damage the instrument.
9. GNDU terminal
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 11
nnectée à la borne de terre du cadre
Page 40
Introduction
Mainframe Rear View
0 V constant voltage source. Used for the reference of measurement ground.
Triaxial connector.
10. LAN interface
RJ45 connector.
11. USB interfaces
USB, 2 ports. For keyboard, mouse, or peripherals.
T
remove USB devices from the instrument, use “Safely Remove Hardware”
o
on Windows taskbar. If it is not used, the instrument may cause the internal USB
communication error.
If the error occurs, turn the instrument off and disconnect the power cable from
it. Leave it about 30 seconds before rebooting it, and connect the power cable
again, and then turn the instrument on.
12. Ext Trig terminals
Two BNC connectors, one for trigger input, and one for trigger output. For
det
ails about the trigger function, see Programming Guide.
13. Digital I/O terminal
Used to connect the test fixture.
14. Interlock terminal
Used to connect the test fixture. If the fixture cover is open, maximum output is
limited to ±42 V.
To verify the interlock function, perform the Interlock Open/Close test on the
Main Frame tab screen of the EasyEXPERT Configuration window.
WARNINGDangerous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at High,
Force, Sense, and Guard terminals if the fixture cover is closed.
Une tension dangereuse, une tension de sortie maximale de l'appareil peut
appara
ître aux bornes High, Force, Guard et Sense si la borne Interlock est
fermée.
A. GNDU/ADC
Ground unit (GNDU) and A/D converter.
B. MPSMU
Medium power source/monitor unit (MPSMU) has two triaxial connectors, force
an
nse, for the Kelvin connections.
d se
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Introduction
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8
C
D
F
5
3
4
11
141213
7
2
B
D
E
A
6
B1506A-H21
Mainframe Rear View
C. MFCMU for B1506A-H21/H51/H71
Multi frequency capacitance measurement unit (MFCMU) has four coaxial
connectors, Lcur, Lpot, Hpot, and Hcur, for the four-terminal pair connection.
CAUTIONDo not apply voltage more than ±25 V to the MFCMU input terminals. Failure to
heed this caution may result in damage to the MFCMU.
D. MCSMU
Medium current source/monitor unit (MCSMU) has two triaxial connectors,
force and s
E. HCSMU for B1506A-H20/H21
ense, for the Kelvin connections.
High current source/monitor unit (HCSMU) has th
the sense triaxial connector, for the Kelvin connections.
F. HVSMU
High voltage source/monitor unit (HVSMU) has the force connector.
e force coaxial connector and
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Introduction
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5
6
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7
8
10
3
Test Fixture Front View
Test Fixture Front View
This section describes the front view of the test fixture.
1. Measurement terminals
Connects the connection wire or attaches th
connecting your device under test (DUT). For more information, see
“Measurement Terminals” on page 1-16.
2. DUT stage
In the above picture, the Blank Silicon Plate is s
Plate is placed on the Blank Silicon Plate. For the Thermal Plate, contact
inTEST Corporation.
3. Terminal for connecting wrist strap
4. Fixture cover
The fixture cover should be closed to avoid electrical shock by touching
measurement terminals and to prevent a device under test from external noise.
When the fixture cover is open, maximum output voltage is limited to ± 42 V.
1- 14Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
e socket module/adapter for
et on the stage, and the Thermal
Page 43
Introduction
Test Fixture Front View
WARNINGHazardous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at the
High, High Force, High Sense, and Guard terminals if the fixture cover is
closed.
WARNINGMake sure that the cover is closed properly before starting measurement. Do
not perform the measurement when a wire is prot
ruding from the fixture cover.
Assurez-vous que le couvercle est fermé correctement
mesure. Ne pas effectuer la mesure lorsqu’un câble dépasse du couvercle de
l'appareil.
5. Thermal Plate connector
This connector is used to connect the cable from the Th
Thermal Plate, contact inTEST Corporation.
6. Thermocouple terminals
For connecting thermocouple to measure temperature around a DUT.
Temp
erature range is -50 C to 250 C.
7. Status indicator
Power LED turns yellow when the AC power is
Power LED turns green when the test fixture is ready to use.
IV LED lights when the B1506A is in the IV measurement condition.
CV LED lights when the B1506A is in the capacitance measurement condition.
8. Hazardous voltage status indicator
This red LED lights when a measurement resource applies dangerous voltage.
This indicator is connected to the mainframe via the Interlock terminal and
works with the High Voltage indicator on the mainframe front panel.
avant de commencer la
ermal Plate. For the
applied to the test fixture.
Warming labels written in French, German, and Japanese are furnished. Attach
the label to the front panel of the fixture if you need.
WARNINGThe red light indicates that hazardous voltage (maximum ± 3000 Vdc) may
appear at measurement terminals. Check this i
Le témoin rouge indique qu'une tension dangereuse (± 3000 V Max) risque
d’appara
d’accéder.
9. Thermal Plate
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 15
ître au niveau des bornes de mesure. Vérifiez cet indicateur avant
ndicator before accessing.
Page 44
Introduction
Test Fixture Front View
Contact inTEST Corporation.
10. Temperature controller of Thermal Plate
Contact inTEST Corporation.
Measurement Terminals
WARNINGSet the instrument output off before connecting or disconnecting connection
wire.
Press the mainframe front panel
confirm that the mainframe front panel High Voltage indicator is not lit.
WARNINGTo prevent electrical shock and DUT damage, do not connect or disconnect the
DUT while the instrument is apply
When you touch the DUT after measurement, devise a countermeasure of
resi
dual charge and heat to prevent electrical shock and burn. Use glove and
any tool. Also have enough time for discharge and radiation.
Pour éviter toute électrocution et tout risque d'endo
ne retirez pas les câbles pendant le fonctionnement.
Lorsque vous touchez le MST après la mesure, élaborez une contre-mesure de
la cha
rge résiduelle et du chauffage afin d'éviter tout choc électrique et toute
brûlure. Utilisez des gants et des outils. Prévoyez également du temps pour la
décharge et la radiation.
CAUTIONNever connect the High, High Force, High Sense, or Guard terminal to any output,
including circuit common and chassis ground. Connecting other output may damage
the connected one.
NOTETo use the 3-pin Inline Package Socket Module or the Curve Tracer Test Adapter
Socket Module, attach it to the Base/Gate, Collector/Drain, and Emitter/Source
terminals. Then do not use the Guard terminal.
Stop
key to set the source output off. And
ing voltage or current.
mmagement de l'appareil,
NOTETo use the Gate Charge Socket Adapter, attach it to the Base/Gate, Collector/Drain,
Emitter/Source, and AUX Force terminals. Then do not use the AUX Sense.
If you do not use the socket module or the Gate Charge Socket Adapter, connect
your device under test (DUT) to the terminals by using connection wire, clip,
adapter, and so on. Then set the Blank Silicon Plate on the DUT stage.
1- 16Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 45
1. Base/Gate High and Low terminals
Force
High
Low
High
Low
±100 VOMax
GuardSense
ForceSense
±3 kV Max
Collector/Drain
Emitter/Source
Base/Gate
SenseForce
AUX
±30 VMax
High
Low
1
2
4
3
5
6
±100 V Max
Connect High to the gate or base terminal of DUT.
Connect Low to the source or emitter terminal of DUT.
2. Collector/Drain High Force and Sense terminals
Connect Force and Sense to the drain or collector terminal of DUT.
Introduction
Test Fixture Front View
Force and S
ense must be connected together at the terminal of DUT for making
the Kelvin connection.
3. Collector/Drain Guard terminal
Guard of Collector/Drain High. The guard has the same potential as the
C
lector/Drain High. You may extend the guard as close as possible to the drain
ol
or collector terminal of DUT to reduce the leakage current caused by the cable.
Open the guard at the end of the cable. Never connect it to anything.
4. Emitter/Source Low Force and Sense terminals
Connect Force and Sense to the source or emitter terminal of DUT.
Force and S
ense must be connected together at the terminal of DUT for making
the Kelvin connection.
5. Chassis common terminal
Use for grounding or shielding.
6. AUX High Force and Sense terminals and Low Force and Sense terminals
Output terminals internally connected to the AUX input connectors. The
measurement resource is the SMU3 (MCSMU) installed in the mainframe.
Connect High Force and Sense to the high terminal of DUT.
Connect Low Force and Sense to the low terminal of DUT.
Force and Sense must be connected together at the terminal of DUT for making
the Kelvin connection.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 17
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Introduction
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34
5
6
Test Fixture Rear View
Test Fixture Rear View
WARNINGTo avoid electrical shock and instrument damage, turn the all instruments off
before connecting or disconnecting measurement cable.
Mettez la machine hors tension pour fixer le connecteur ou pour retirer le
connecteur de l’unité centrale.
This section describes the rear view of the test fixture. For connecting the cables, see
“To Connect Test Fixture” on page 2-11.
1. Power switch
Turns on/off the test fixture.
2. LINE input receptacle
AC power cable is connected to this r
3. Option number label
4. Serial number label
You need this se
assistance program.
al number when using Keysight Technologies telephone
ri
eceptacle.
5. Connectors for connecting the system cable
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Introduction
Test Fixture Rear View
The following measurement resources in the mainframe are connected by using
the system cable.
•HVSMU
•HCSMU for B1506A-H20/H21
•MCSMU
•MPSMU
•GNDU
6. Connectors for connecting the CMU cable, for B1506A-H21/H51/H71
The connectors are used to connect the CMU
mainframe.
7. Digital I/O terminal
This terminal is used to connect the Digital I/O cable from
Digital I/O terminal.
8. Earth terminal
Screw terminal for earthing.
WARNINGConnect a wire from an electrical ground (safety ground) to this terminal.
Connecter un fil depuis une mise à la terre élect
sécurité) à la borne de terre.
9. Interlock terminal
This terminal is used to connect the interlock cable from the mainframe
Interlock terminal. The interlock cable is included in the system cable.
WARNINGPotentially hazardous voltage may be present at the High, Force, Sense, and
Guard terminals when the interlock terminals are shorted on test fixture, probe
station, and such.
10. Thermal Plate connector
cable from the MFCMU in the
the mainframe
rique (mise à la terre de
This connector is used to connect the cable from the temp
the Thermal Plate. For the Thermal Plate, contact inTEST Corporation.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 19
erature controller of
Page 48
Introduction
Software
Software
Keysight B1506A realizes easy and effective measurement and analysis on the
Windows environment using an intuitive graphical user interface, touch screen
LCD, stylus pen, keyboard, and mouse. The following software is previously
installed or stored in the mainframe.
•“Easy Test Navigator Software”
•“EasyEXPERT Software”
•“Utility Software”
Easy Test Navigator Software
The Easy Test Navigator software provides measurement control software for power
device characterization. It supports various types of measurement task with
ease-of-use and simple operation. Some of the functions are listed below. For more
information on the Easy Test Navigator software, see Chapters 3 and 4.
•Software included:
•Datasheet characterization software
•I/V measurement software
•Capacitance measurement software, for B1506A-H21/H51/H71
•Gate charge measurement software, for B1506A-H21/H51/H71
•Power loss calculation software, for B1506A-H21/H51/H71
•Thermal monitor/control software
•Ready-to-use measurement templates for typical power device characteristics
measurements
•Ability to automatically accumulate measurement data on the HDD in
exportable formats
•Oscilloscope view for a pulsed sweep measurement point
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Introduction
Software
EasyEXPERT Software
The EasyEXPERT software is an application program for controlling Keysight
B1500 series. Some of the functions are listed below. For more information, see
Keysight EasyEXPERT User’s Guide.
•Single measurement, repeat measurement, and append measurement
•Module selector control
•Measurement/setup data management by workspace
•Graph display and analysis with markers, cursors, and lines; and auto analysis
•Data import/export capability, data output by CSV/XML format, and graph
output by EMF/BMP/GIF/PNG format
•Maintenance; self-test and self-calibration
•Remote control function from an external computer
The EasyEXPERT has the following measurement execution environments.
•Application test
•Classic test
•Tracer test
•Quick test
NOTEApplication Library
The EasyEXPERT contains an application library that is a set of test definitions. The
application test can be performed by selecting a test definition and setting the test
condition for the actual DUT (device under test).
All test definitions are just sample. If the samples damage your devices, Keysight
Technologies is NOT LIABLE for the damage.
Utility Software
Followings are the utility software available for the B1506A. For more information
on the utility software, see Keysight EasyEXPERT User’s Guide.
•EasyEXPERT for PC software
EasyEXPERT software runs on an external Windows PC.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 21
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Introduction
Software
•4155/4156 setup file converter
Program for converting the 4155/4156 measurement setup files (file extension
MES or DAT) into EasyEXPERT classic test setup files. This program is stored
in the following folder.
Program for converting EasyEXPERT data files (file extension XTR or ZTR)
into Keysight IC-CAP MDM files. This program is stored in the following
folder.
B1506A-T01Thermal Test Enclosure (Thermostream Compatible)
Calibration
B1506A-A6JANSI Z540-1-1994 Calibration
B1506A-UK6Commercial calibration certificate with test data
Documentation
B1506A-ABAUser’s Guide, English
B1506A-ABJUser’s Guide, Japanese
Drive option
B1506A-DR1Replace a built-in DVD-R drive with a read-only DVD drive
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 25
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Introduction
GNDU
0 V
Force
Common
Measurement Resources
Measurement Resources
Keysight B1506A can be equipped with the following measurement resources.
Available resources depend on the package (option).
•“GNDU - Ground Unit”
•“MPSMU - Medium Power SMU”
•“HVSMU - High Voltage SMU”
•“MCSMU - Medium Current SMU”
•“HCSMU - High Current SMU”
•“UHCU - Ultra High Current Unit”
•“MFCMU - Multi Frequency CMU”
See Keysight EasyEXPERT User’s Guide for the functions available for the
EasyEXPERT software. See Programming Guide for the functions available for the
GPIB remote mode.
GNDU - Ground Unit
The ground unit (GNDU) is a 0 V constant voltage source, and used for the
reference of measurement ground. Also the GNDU can sink up to ±4.2 A, so it is
effective for using MPSMU or HVSMU. When the HCSMU, MCSMU, or UHCU is
used, the GNDU must be connected to the Low terminal side to apply the reference
zero voltage. Figure 1-1 is a simplified circuit diagram of GNDU.
Figure 1-1Simplified GNDU Circuit Diagram
1- 26Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 55
Introduction
SMU
Force
Common
V
A
+
-
+-
Measurement Resources
About SMU
Source/monitor unit (SMU) can apply DC voltage or current, and can measure DC
current or voltage. Figure 1-2 is a simplified SMU circuit diagram.
The MPSMU can perform the following operations:
•Apply voltage and measures current or voltage
•Apply current and measures current or voltage
The HCSMU, MCSMU, and HVSMU can perform the following operations:
•Apply voltage and measures current and/or voltage
•Apply current and measures current and/or voltage
NOTETo select the SMU operation mode in the GPIB remote condition, enter the CMM
command.
Figure 1-2Simplified SMU Circuit Diagram
Compliance
The SMU has a compliance feature that limits output voltage or current to prevent
damage to the device under test. When the SMU applies voltage, you can specify
current compliance. When the SMU applies current, you can specify voltage
compliance. For details on the compliance, see Keysight EasyEXPERT User’s Guide.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 27
Page 56
Introduction
100 100
40
402020
100
50
20
50
20
100
Voltage (V)
Current (mA)
-
--
-
-
-
Measurement Resources
MPSMU - Medium Power SMU
This section describes typical specification of the medium power source/monitor
unit (MPSMU).
•Output/measurement value and resolution: see Table 1-8 and Table 1-9.
CAUTIONNever connect the HVSMU Force and Guard terminals to any output, including
circuit common, chassis ground, or any other measurement resource such as SMU.
Connecting other measurement resource may damage the connected one.
Figure 1-4HVSMU Output and Measurement Ranges
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 31
Page 60
Introduction
Measurement Resources
Table 1-8HVSMU Voltage Ranges and Resolutions
Range
Output Value and
Measurement Value
Measurement
Resolution
200 V0 |V| 200 V200 V8 mA
500 V0 |V| 500 V500 V8 mA
1500 V0 |V| 1500 V1.5 mV8 mA
3000 V0 |V| 3000 V3 mV4 mA
Table 1-9HVSMU Current Ranges and Resolutions
Range
a
1 nA
Output Value and
Measurement Value
Measurement
Resolution
0 |I| 1.15 nA10 fA3000 V
10 nA0 |I| 11.5 nA100 fA3000 V
100 nA0 |I| 115 nA100 fA3000 V
1 A0 |I| 1.15 A1 pA3000 V
10 A0 |I| 11.5 A10 pA3000 V
Setting/
Setting/
Maximum Current
|Imax|
Maximum Voltage
|Vmax|
100 A0 |I| 115 A100 pA3000 V
1 mA0 |I| 1.15 mA1 nA3000 V
10 mA0 |I| 8 mA10 nA1500 V
0 |I| 4 mA3000 V
a. DC only
1- 32Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 61
MCSMU - Medium Current SMU
30
30
1
0.1
0.1
1
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
-
-
-
Pulse mode only
Pulse mode only
This section describes typical specification of the medium current source/monitor
unit (MCSMU).
•Maximum current: ± 1 A (pulse), ± 0.1 A (DC)
•Maximum voltage: ± 30 V
•Maximum output power: 30 W (pulse), 3 W (DC)
•Minimum range: 0.2 V, 10 A
•Minimum pulse width: 10 s
•Output/measurement value and resolution: see Table 1-10 and Table 1-11.
Figure 1-5MCSMU Output and Measurement Ranges
Introduction
Measurement Resources
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 33
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Introduction
Measurement Resources
Table 1-10MCSMU Voltage Ranges and Resolutions
Setting/
Measurement
Resolution
Range
Output Value and
Measurement Value
0.2 V0 |V| 0.2 V200 nV
2 V0 |V| 2 V2 V± 2 V
20 V0 |V| 20 V20 V± 20 V
40 V0 |V| 30 V40 V± 30 V
a. For pulse.
Table 1-11MCSMU Current Ranges and Resolutions
Setting/
Measurement
Resolution
Range
Output Value and
Measurement Value
10 A0 |I| 11.5 A10 pA± 30 V± 10 A
100 A0 |I| 115 A100 pA± 100 A
1 mA0 |I| 1.15 mA1 nA± 1 mA
10 mA0 |I| 11.5 mA10 nA± 10 mA
Maximum
Current
100 mA, 1 A
Maximum
Vo lt ag e
Maximum
Pulse Base
a
Maximum
Pulse Base
Va lu e
± 0.2 V
Va lu e
100 mA0 |I| 100 mA,
0 |I| 115 mA
1 A
b
0 |I| 1 A1 A± 50 mA
a
100 nA± 100 mA
a. For pulse.
b. For pulse. Maximum pulse width and duty cycle are 100 ms and 5 %
respectively.
1- 34Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
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Introduction
40
40
20
20
20
1
1
20
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
-
-
-
-
Pulse mode only
Pulse mode only
Measurement Resources
HCSMU - High Current SMU
This section describes typical specification of the high current source/monitor unit
(HCSMU). The HCSMU is available for the B1506A-H21.
•Maximum current: ± 20 A (pulse), ± 1 A (DC)
•Maximum voltage: ± 40 V, ± 20 V only for the pulse over ± 1 A
•Maximum output power: 40 W
•Minimum range: 0.2 V, 10 A
•Minimum pulse width: 50 s
•Output/measurement value and resolution: see Table 1-12 and Table 1-13.
NOTEDo not put any conductor on the HCSMU Low Force and Low Sense terminals,
outer conductor of the coaxial connectors. Putting conductor of circuit common,
chassis ground, or any potential on causes the measurement error.
Figure 1-6HCSMU Output and Measurement Ranges
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Introduction
Measurement Resources
Table 1-12HCSMU Voltage Ranges and Resolutions
Range
Output Value and
Measurement Value
Setting/Measurement
Resolution
Maximum
Current
Maximum Pulse
Base Value
0.2 V0 |V| 0.2 V200 nV± 20 A / ± 40 A± 0.2 V
2 V0 |V| 2 V2 V± 20 A / ± 40 A± 2 V
20 V0 |V| 20 V20 V± 20 A / ± 40 A± 20 V
40 V0 |V| 40 V40 V± 1 A / ± 2 A± 40 V
Table 1-13HCSMU Current Ranges and Resolutions
Range
Output Value and
Measurement Value
Setting/Measurement
Resolution
Maximum
Vo lt ag e
Maximum Pulse
Base Value
10 A0 |I| 11.5 A10 pA± 40 V± 10 A
100 A0 |I| 115 A100 pA± 40 V± 100 A
1 mA0 |I| 1.15 mA1 nA± 40 V± 1 mA
10 mA0 |I| 11.5 mA10 nA± 40 V± 10 mA
100 mA0 |I| 115 mA100 nA± 40 V± 100 mA
1 A
0 |I| 1.15 A
a
1 A± 40 V± 1 A
20 A0 |I| 20 A20 A± 20 V± 100 mA
a. Maximum value is 1 A for DC output or measurement.
1- 36Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 65
UHCU - Ultra High Current Unit
60
60
1500
500
500
1500
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
-
-
-
This section describes typical specification of the ultra high current unit (UHCU).
The UHCU is available for the B1506A-H51/H71.
•Output: voltage pulse or current pulse
•Measurement: current or voltage
•Maximum current: ± 500 A (B1506A-H51) or ± 1500 A (B1506A-H71)
•Maximum voltage: ± 60 V
•Maximum power: 7.5 kW for 500 A range, or 22.5 kW for 2000 A range
•Minimum pulse width: 10 s
•Maximum pulse duty: 0.4 % for 500 A range, or 0.1 % for 2000 A range
•Output/measurement value and resolution: see Table 1-14 and Table 1-15.
Figure 1-7UHCU Output and Measurement Ranges
Introduction
Measurement Resources
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 37
Page 66
Introduction
Measurement Resources
Table 1-14UHCU Voltage Ranges and Resolutions
Range Output Value
100 V
0 |V| 60 V
Measurement
Val ue
a
0 |V| 60 V200 V100 V± 500 A,
Setting
Resolution
a. Pulse base value is always 0 V.
b. Only for the B1506A-H71.
Table 1-15UHCU Current Ranges and Resolutions
Range Output Value
500 A
2000 A
0 |I| 500 A
c
0 |I| 1500 A0 |I| 1500 A4 mA2 mA
Measurement
Val ue
a
0 |I| 500 A1 mA500 A
Setting
Resolution
a. Pulse base value is always 0 A.
b. This is the maximum voltage compliance value.
c. Only for the B1506A-H71. Pulse base value is always 0 A.
Measurement
Resolution
Measurement
Resolution
Maximum
Current
± 1500 A
Maximum
Vo lt ag e
b
± 63 V
b
1- 38Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
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Introduction
Measurement Resources
MFCMU - Multi Frequency CMU
This section describes typical specification of the multi frequency capacitance
measurement unit (CMU). The CMU performs the impedance measurement and
returns the specified measurement data such as Cp-G.
0 to ± 3000 V, using HVSMU and high voltage bias-tee
•Measurement range:
For the fixed ranging mode, measurement range (impedance range) must be
specified to perform measurement. Table 1-17 shows the available measurement
ranges and the corresponding impedance value. And Figure 1-8 shows the
calculation example of the impedance vs frequency characteristics of a
capacitive load. Use these information to decide the measurement range.
Impedance Z is calculated by the following formula.
Z = 1 / (2 f C)
where f is frequency (Hz) and C is capacitance (F).
Ls (series inductance, H)Rs (series resistance, )
Ls (series inductance, H)D (dissipation factor)
Ls (series inductance, H)Q (quality factor)
1- 40Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 69
Table 1-17Measurement Range for Fixed Ranging Mode
10 n7
100 n7
1 M7
10 M7
100 M7
1 m7
10 m7
100 m7
1 7
10 7
100 7
1 k7
10 k7
100 k7
1 M7
10 M7
100 M7
1 G7
10 G7
100 G7
1 T7
10 T7
1 kHz10 kHz100 kHz1 MHz5 MHz
Frequency f
Impe dance Z
10 MF
100 MF
1 mF
10 mF
100 mF
1 F
10 pF
100 pF
1 nF
10 nF
100 nF
1 MF
100 fF
1 pF
10 fF
100 aF
1 fF
300 k7 range
50 7 range
3 k7
range
Introduction
Measurement Resources
Impedance Z
Measurement range (impedance range)
1 kHz f 200 kHz200 kHz < f 2 MHz2 MHz < f 5 MHz
0 Z < 100 50 50 50
100 Z < 300 100 100 100
300 Z < 1 k300 300 300
1 k Z < 3 k1 k1 k1 k
3 k Z < 10 k3 k3 k3 k
10 k Z < 30 k10 k10 k
30 k Z < 100 k30 k30 k
100 k Z < 300 k100 k
300 k Z
300 k
Figure 1-8Impedance vs Frequency Characteristics of Capacitive Load, Calculation
Example
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 31- 41
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Introduction
Measurement Resources
1- 42Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
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2Installation
Page 72
Installation
This chapter describes how to install Keysight B1506A.
•“Requirements”
•“Inspection and Installation”
•“Connecting Accessories”
•“Maintenance”
•“Before Shipping to Service Center”
WARNINGTo avoid electrical shock and instrument damage, turn the all instruments off
before connecting or disconnecting measurement cable.
Mettez la machine hors tension pour fixer le connecteur ou pour retirer le
connecteur de l’unité centrale.
WARNINGThe mainframe and the test fixture are heavy and require a two person lift.
Le châssis principale et l'équipement de test sont lourds et nécessitent un levage
par deux personnes.
CAUTIONDo not grab the fixture cover when lifting the test fixture.
2- 2Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
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Installation
WARNINGThere are potentially hazardous voltages (± 3000 Vdc for HVSMU and ± 100
Vdc for MPSMU) present at the High, Force, Gu
ard, and Sense terminals of
the instruments. To prevent electrical shock, the following safety precautions
must be observed during the use of instruments.
•Connect the instrument to an electrical gr
ound (safety ground) by using
three-conductor AC power cable.
•Connect the mainframe Interlock terminal to th
e test fixture Interlock
terminal by using an interlock cable.
•Confirm periodically that the interlock function works n
•Before touching the connections on the H
igh, Force, Guard, and Sense
ormally.
terminals in the test fixture or the shielding box, turn the instruments off
and discharge any capacitors. If you do not turn the instruments off,
complete all of the following items, regardless of the instrument settings.
Stop
•Press the front panel
key to set the source output off.
•Confirm that the front panel High Voltage indicator is not lit.
•Open the Interlock terminal (open the fi
xture cover or the shielding box
access door).
•Discharge any capacitors connected to a
measurement resource.
•Warn persons working around the instruments about dangerous
cond
itions.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 3
Page 74
Installation
Requirements
Requirements
This section describes the requirements for the environment this instrument is used.
•“Power Requirements”
•“Operating Environment”
•“Storaging/Shipping Environment”
•“Installation Requirements”
•“Power Cable”
Power Requirements
This instrument can operate from any single-phase AC power source supplying 100/
240 V (±10 %) at 50/60 Hz. The maximum power consumption is shown below.
•Mainframe: 900 VA
•Test fixture of B1506A-H20/H21: 130 VA
•Test fixture of B1506A-H50/H51/H70/H71: 470 VA
Operating Environment
This instrument must be operated within the following environmental conditions:
Temperature: +5 C to +40 C, +
+20 C to +30 C if Thermostream is used
Humidity: 20 % to 70 % RH or 20 % to 50 % RH if the Thermostream
setting
temperature is +20 C or below. No condensation.
Altitude: 0 to 2,000 m (6,561 ft.)
5 C to +30 C if Thermal plate is used, or
Storaging/Shipping Environment
This instrument must be stored/shipped within the following environmental
conditions:
Temperature: -20 C to +60 C
Hu
midity: 10 % to 90 % RH, no condensation
Altitude: 0 to 4,600 m (15,092 ft.)
2- 4Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
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Installation
Requirements
Installation Requirements
WARNINGDo not operate the instrument in dusty environment, or in the presence of
flammable gases, corrosive gases, or fumes.
Ne pas utiliser l’appareil dans un endroit poussiéreux, ou en présence de gaz
inflammables, corrosifs ou de fumée.
•Environmental conditions for this instrument are documented in the previous
page. In principle, this instrument should only be operated indoors in a
controlled environment.
•Install the instrument horizontal place then face the roof up.
•The dimensions of this instrument are shown below. Fan cools the instrument by
drawing air through the sides and exhausting it out the back. The instrument
must be installed in a location that allows sufficient space at the sides and back
of the instrument for adequate air circulation.
•Mainframe: 420 mm (W) 575 mm (D) 330 mm (H)
•Test fixture: 420 mm (W) 575 mm (D) 360 mm (H)
If the airflow is restricted, the internal operating temperature will be higher. This
may reduce the instrument’s reliability, or cause the thermal-protection circuits
to turn the instrument off.
•Make sure that there is enough space for connecting/disconnecting the power
cable easily.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 5
Page 76
Installation
Requirements
Power Cable
WARNINGFIRE HAZARD: Use only the power cable supplied with your instrument.
Using other types of power cable may cause overheating of the power cable,
resulting in fire.
SHOCK HAZARD: The power cable provides the chassis ground through a
third conductor. Be sure to connect to a three-conductor type power outlet with
the correct pin grounded.
RISQUE D’INCENDIE : utilisez uniquement le câble d'alimentation fourni
avec votre appareil. L’utilisation d’autres types de câble d’alimentation peut
provoquer une surchauffe du câble d’alimentation et provoquer un incendie.
RISQUE DE CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE: le câble d’alimentation fournit la masse
du châssis par le biais d’un troisième conducteur. Assurez-vous de connecter la
prise d'alimentation de type trois conducteurs avec la broche correcte mise à la
terre.
NOTEThe detachable power cable may be used as an emergency disconnecting device.
Removing the power cable will disconnect AC input power to the instrument.
Connect the power cable to the IEC 320 connector on the rear of the instrument. If
the wrong power cable was shipped with your instrument, contact your nearest
Keysight Sales and Support Office.
The AC input on the back of your instrument is a universal AC input. It accepts
nominal line voltages in the range of 100 to 240 VAC.
2- 6Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
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Installation
Requirements
Option 900
•Plug: BS 1363/A,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8120-4420
Option 904
•Plug: NEMA 6-15P,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8120-3996
Option 918
•Plug: JIS C 8303,
125 V, 12 A
•PN: 8121-0743
Option 922
Option 901
•Plug: AS/NZS 3112,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8120-4419
Option 906
•Plug: SEV 1011,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8120-4416
Option 919
•Plug: Israel SI 32,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-0724
Option 923
Option 902
•Plug: IEC 60277-1,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-1226
Option 912
•Plug: SB 107-2-D1,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-1655
Option 920
•Plug: IRAM 2073,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-0725
Option 927
Option 903
•Plug: NEMA 5-15P,
125 V, 10 A
•PN: 8120-6825
Option 917
•Plug: IS 1293 and
IS 6538, 250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-1690
Option 921
•Plug: CEI 23-16,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-0722
Option 930
•Plug: GB 1002
figure 3, 250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8120-8376
Option 931
•Plug: CNS 10917-2,
125 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-1635
•Plug: SANS 164-1,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-0564
Option 932
•Plug: CS 0017,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-1638
•Plug: NEMA WD-6,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8120-0674
•Plug: NBR 14136,
250 V, 10 A
•PN: 8121-1809
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 7
Page 78
Installation
Inspection and Installation
Inspection and Installation
Do the following when this instrument arrived.
•“To Inspect Shipment”
•“To Perform Initial Setup”
•“To Connect Test Fixture”
•“To Check Operation of Test Fixture”
Do the following setup if you need.
•“To Change Windows Logon Setting”
•“To Change GPIB Address”
•“To Enable System Controller”
To Inspect Shipment
1. Before unpacking any components, inspect all boxes for any signs of damage
that might have occurred during shipment, such as:
•dents
•scratches
uts
•c
•water marks
If you suspect any damage, contact Keysight Technologies.
2. When you open the boxes that contain the i
components against the contents lists attached to the boxes.
If anything is missing, contact Keysight Technologies.
After th
the requirements for the installation site, see “Requirements” on page 2-4.
2- 8Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
e inspection, move the instrument and accessories to the installation site. For
ns
trument and accessories, check the
Page 79
Installation
Inspection and Installation
To Perform Initial Setup
1. Place the mainframe at the installation site.
2. Make sure that the Standby switch is set to off.
3. On the rear panel, connect the Circuit Common terminal to the frame ground
term
inal by using a shorting-bar.
4. If you use the furnished USB keyboard and/or USB mouse, connect it to an USB
port o
f the mainframe.
5. Connect the power cable from the mainframe to an AC power outlet.
6. Open the measurement terminals and press th
mainframe.
If the mainframe is operating correctly, the p
performed. If problems arise, contact Keysight Technologies.
7. Follow the Windows setup wizard and complete the initial setup.
a. Set the system display language to English. The language must be English.
b. Set Country or region, Time and currency, and Keyboard layout.
If you use the furnished USB keyboard, the Keyboard layout must be US.
c. Accept the End User License Agreement.
d. Set Time zone, date and time.
If the mainframe has been already connected to your site LAN, you can proceed the
network connection setup. If you connect the mainframe to the network, take care to
protect it from computer virus.
NOTEOther Windows setup
You can set other setup of Windows after the initial setup. It is your responsibility.
Users listed in Table 2-1 are available just after the initial setup.
You can add users after the initial setup. Add users as you need.
e Standby switch to turn on the
ower-on self-test is automatically
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 9
Page 80
Installation
Inspection and Installation
Table 2-1Users Available Just After the Initial Setup
User AccountDescription
Keysight B1500 UserAccount for automatic logon. Password is not set to this
account.
KeysightOnlyAccount for Keysight service personnel. Do not delete
this account. This account is password protected.
AdministratorAdministrator. Password is not set to this account.
2- 10Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 81
Installation
System cable
CMU cable
for H21/H51/H71
Digital I/O cable
Inspection and Installation
To Connect Te st Fi xture
WARNINGTo avoid electrical shock and instrument damage, turn the all instruments off
before connecting or disconnecting measurement cable.
Mettez la machine hors tension pour fixer le connecteur ou pour retirer le
connecteur de l’unité centrale.
Connect the system cables between the mainframe and the test fixture as shown in
Figure 2-1. Also see one of Tables 2-2 to 2-5 associated with your B1506A.
1. Connect the Digital I/O cable.
Figure 2-1B1506A Rear View
2. Only for the B1506A-H21/H51/H71, con
3. Connect the System cable in order of the label number.
nect the CMU cable.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 11
Page 82
Installation
Inspection and Installation
Table 2-2B1506A-H20 System Cable Connections
Test FixtureLabel of CableMainframe
Digital I/O Cable
Digital I/OnonenoneDigital I/O
System Cable
MPSMU
SMU1
Gate
Control
SMU2
HCSMU
SMU3
HVSMU
SMU4
Force (1F)1F1FForceSMU1
Sense (1S)1S1SSense
Force (2F)2F2FForceSMU2
Sense (2S)2S2SSense
Force (3F)3F3FForceSMU3
Sense (3S)3S3SSense
Force (4F)4F4FForceSMU4
GNDUGNDUGNDUGNDU
InterlocknonenoneInterlock
2- 12Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 83
Table 2-3B1506A-H21 System Cable Connections
Test FixtureLabel of CableMainframe
Digital I/O Cable
Digital I/OnonenoneDigital I/O
CMU Cable
MFCMULcur (LC)LCLcurMFCMU
Lpot (LP)LPLpot
Hcur (HC)HCHcur
Hpot (HP)HPHpot
System Cable
Installation
Inspection and Installation
MPSMU
SMU1
Gate
Control
SMU2
AUX
SMU3
HCSMU
SMU4
HVSMU
SMU5
Force (1F)1F1FForceSMU1
Sense (1S)1S1SSense
Force (2F)2F2FForceSMU2
Sense (2S)2S2SSense
Force (3F)3F3FForceSMU3
Sense (3S)3S3SSense
Force (4F)4F4FForceSMU4
Sense (4S)4S4SSense
Force (5F)5F5FForceSMU5
GNDUGNDUGNDUGNDU
InterlocknonenoneInterlock
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 13
Page 84
Installation
Inspection and Installation
Table 2-4B1506A-H50/H70 System Cable Connections
Test FixtureLabel of CableMainframe
Digital I/O Cable
Digital I/OnonenoneDigital I/O
System Cable
MPSMU
SMU1
Gate
Control
SMU2
V Control
SMU3
I Control
SMU4
HVSMU
SMU5
InterlocknonenoneInterlock
Force (1F)1F1FForceSMU1
Sense (1S)1S1SSense
Force (2F)2F2FForceSMU2
Sense (2S)2S2SSense
Force (3F)3F3FForceSMU3
Sense (3S)3S3SSense
Force (4F)4F4FForceSMU4
Sense (4S)4S4SSense
Force (5F)5F5FForceSMU5
GNDUGNDUGNDUGNDU
2- 14Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 85
Table 2-5B1506A-H51/H71 System Cable Connections
Test FixtureLabel of CableMainframe
Digital I/O Cable
Digital I/OnonenoneDigital I/O
CMU Cable
MFCMULcur (LC)LCLcurMFCMU
Lpot (LP)LPLpot
Hcur (HC)HCHcur
Hpot (HP)HPHpot
System Cable
Installation
Inspection and Installation
MPSMU
SMU1
Gate
Control
SMU2
AUX
SMU3
V Control
SMU4
I Control
SMU5
HVSMU
SMU6
InterlocknonenoneInterlock
Force (1F)1F1FForceSMU1
Sense (1S)1S1SSense
Force (2F)2F2FForceSMU2
Sense (2S)2S2SSense
Force (3F)3F3FForceSMU3
Sense (3S)3S3SSense
Force (4F)4F4FForceSMU4
Sense (4S)4S4SSense
Force (5F)5F5FForceSMU5
Sense (5S)5S5SSense
Force (6F)6F6FForceSMU6
GNDUGNDUGNDUGNDU
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 15
Page 86
Installation
Inspection and Installation
To Check Operation of Test Fixture
After completing the cable connections described in “To Connect Test Fixture” on
page 2-11, perform the following procedure.
1. Open the measurement terminals of the test fixture and close the fixture cover.
2. Connect the power cable from the test fixture to an AC power outlet.
3. Connect the power cable from the mainframe to an AC power outlet.
4. Set the test fixture power switch to the ON position.
5. Press the mainframe Standby switch and wait for the Easy Test Navigator
so
ftware p
6. Launch the I/V Measurement software.
7. Click the Configuration > Module menu to display the Module Configuration
dial
8. Use the Module Configuration dialog box and perform diagnosis of the test
fixture.
alette to arise.
og box.
If problems arise, contact Keysight Technologies.
To Change Windows Logon Setting
Windows automatic logon has been enabled initially. If you want to change this
setting, select All Programs > Control Auto Logon from the Start menu. Control
Auto Logon is displayed on the browser. Then click one of the following buttons on
the browser and follow the setup script.
•Enable Auto Logon
•Disable Auto Logon
NOTEIf you set a password for the user account Keysight B1500 User, disable the
automatic logon.
2- 16Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 87
Installation
Inspection and Installation
To Change GPIB Address
When this instrument is shipped from the factory, the GPIB address is set to 17. To
change the GPIB address, perform the following procedure.
1. If the Easy Test Navigator software is running, terminate it by clicking on the
Exit button which appears by pointing the upper right corner of the software
palette.
2. If the EasyEXPERT software is running, terminate it as shown below:
a. Select the menu function File > Exit on the EasyEXPERT main screen.
b. Click [x] at the upper right corner of the Start EasyEXPERT button.
3. Select All PrExpert from the Start menu. Keysight Connection Expert window appears.
4. At the Instrument I/O on this PC area, s
Properties... button. Keysight 82350 PCI GPIB Interface - GPIB0 window
appears.
5. Change the GPIB Address value.
6. Remove the check from the Auto-interface box.
7. Click the OK button on Keysight 82350 PCI GPIB
8. On the Reboot Required dialog box, click the Reboot Now button, and reboot
the mainframe.
NOTEFor the GPIB connection of this instrument, use an GPIB interface, Keysight
82350B (for PCI bus), Keysight 82357A/B (USB/GPIB), or National Instrument
GPIB-USB-HS.
For using an USB/GPIB interface, it is recommended to set the GPIB address of this
instrument to an even number. The USB/GPIB interface might cause serial poll error
intermittently due to the intrinsic communication scheme differences. It is reported
that using an even GPIB address sometimes significantly decreases the chance of
the error.
ograms > Keysight IO Libraries Suite > Keysight Connection
elect GPIB0, and click the Change
discover instruments connected to this
Interface - GPIB0 window.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 17
Page 88
Installation
Inspection and Installation
To Enable System Controller
To allow this instrument to control external GPIB devices, perform the following
procedure. After the procedure, you cannot control the instrument from an external
computer.
1. If the Easy Test Navigator software is running, terminate it by clicking on the
Exit button which appears by pointing the upper right corner of the software
palette.
2. If the EasyEXPERT software is running, terminate it as shown below:
a. Select the menu function File > Exit on the EasyEXPERT main screen.
b. Click [x] at the upper right corner of the Start EasyEXPERT button.
3. Select All PrExpert from the Start menu. Keysight Connection Expert window appears.
4. At the Instrument I/O on this PC area, s
Properties... button. Keysight 82350 PCI GPIB Interface - GPIB0 window
appears.
5. Set the GPIB Address value to 21 that is the typi
system controller.
6. Check the System
7. Remove the check from the Auto-interface box.
This disables the automatic device detection. So the Connection Expert cannot
det
ect the instruments connected to the GPIB interface by itself.
8. Click the OK button on Keysight 82350 PCI GPIB
9. On the Reboot Required dialog box, click the Reboot Now button, and reboot
the mainframe.
NOTETo Disable System Controller
To disable the system controller, change the steps 5 and 6 for setting the GPIB
Address value to not 21 and removing the check from the System Controller box,
and perform the procedure to the step 9.
ograms > Keysight IO Libraries Suite > Keysight Connection
Controller box.
elect GPIB0, and click the Change
cal address number for the
discover instruments connected to this
Interface - GPIB0 window.
2- 18Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 89
Installation
Connecting Accessories
Connecting Accessories
The test fixture is used to connect your device under test (DUT). The B1506A is
furnished with the following accessories.
•“3-pin Inline Package Socket Module”
•“Curve Tracer Test Adapter Socket Module”
•“Universal Socket Module Kit”
•“Gate Charge Socket Adapter”
•“Accessories for Connecting a DUT”
•“Prober System Cable”
•“Thermocouple”
Also, the following equipment can be used with the B1506A for controlling
temperature of DUT. Contact inTEST Corporation for the equipment.
•“Thermal Plate”
•“Thermostream”
WARNINGSet the instrument output off before connecting or disconnecting connection
wire.
Press the mainframe front panel
confirm that the mainframe front panel High Voltage indicator is not lit.
WARNINGTo prevent electrical shock and DUT damage, do not connect or disconnect the
DUT while the instrument is applying voltage or current.
When you touch the DUT after measurement, devise a countermeasure of
residual charge and heat to prevent electrical shock and burn. Use glove and
any tool. Also have enough time for discharge and radiation.
Pour éviter toute électrocution et tout risque d'endommagement de l'appareil,
ne retirez pas les câbles pendant le fonctionnement.
Lorsque vous touchez le MST après la mesure, élaborez une contre-mesure de
la charge résiduelle et du chauffage afin d'éviter tout choc électrique et toute
brûlure. Utilisez des gants et des outils. Prévoyez également du temps pour la
décharge et la radiation.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 19
Stop
key to set the source output off. And
Page 90
Installation
Socket module
Test
fixture
DUT
Connecting Accessories
3-pin Inline Package Socket Module
Use the socket module to connect a three-terminal inline packaged device. See the
following simple instruction.
Requirements•3-pin inline package socket module
•DUT
Procedure1. Attach the socket module directly to th
Emitter/Source terminals of the test fixture.
2. Set your DUT on the socket.
3. Close the fixture cover and perform measurement.
e Bas
e/Gate, Collector/Drain, and
WARNINGHazardous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at the
CAUTIONDo not apply voltage/current over the maximum limit of the socket module.
CAUTIONUse the socket module within the temperature range of 0 C to +100 C.
NOTEShort plate is furnished with the socket module. It is used for performing the short
measurement terminals if the fixture cover is closed.
Maximum voltage: 3000 V
Maximum current: 500 A pulse, 39 A dc
correction before the capacitance measurement. Set it on the socket before the short
correction and remove it after the correction.
2- 20Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 91
Curve Tracer Test Adapter Socket Module
Collector/Drain Force
Collector/Drain Sense
Emitter/Source Force
Emitter/Source Sense
Base/Gate Force and Sense
Not connected
Socket module
Test fixture
This module provides a socket available for connecting a test adapter designed for
connecting to Tektronix 370B/371B curve tracers. To use this module, see the
following simple instruction.
Requirements•Curve tracer test adapter socket module
•DUT and a test adapter for curve tracer
Procedure1. Attach the socket module directly to the test fixture.
2. Set your test adapter on the socket module.
3. Set your DUT on the test adapter.
4. Close the fixture cover and perform measurement.
Installation
Connecting Accessories
WARNINGHazardous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at the
CAUTIONDo not apply voltage/current over the maximum limit of the socket module.
CAUTIONUse the socket module within the temperature range of +5 C to +40 C.
measurement terminals if the fixture cover is closed.
Maximum voltage: 3000 V
Maximum current for Collector/Drain/Emitter/Source Force: 500 A pulse, 39 A dc
Maximum current for other terminals: 40 A pulse, 2 A dc
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 21
Page 92
Installation
1
2
3
4
5
6
Connecting Accessories
Universal Socket Module Kit
This is a blank module, kind of a do-it-yourself kit for supporting variety of
packaged devices. This kit is furnished with the B1506A-H21/H51/H71. The
contents of this kit are shown in Figure 2-2 and Table 2-6.
You can use this handmade socket module with the same manner as the 3-pin Inline
Package Socket Module. See “3-pin Inline Package Socket Module”.
Figure 2-2Universal Socket Module Kit
Table 2-6Parts of Universal Socket Module Kit
ReferencePartsDescriptionQty.
1Blank moduleBase of the socket module1 ea
2Dummy boardThis is pre-assembled to the blank
3WireFor internal connections2 m
4Lug terminalFor internal connections20 ea.
5Wire for high currentFor internal connections2 m
6Lug terminal for high
current
2- 22Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
1 ea
module. You can also make a socket
board using this board, instead of a new
blank board.
For internal connections6 ea
Page 93
Installation
Connecting Accessories
Making the Universal Socket Module
Requirements•T10 Torx screwdriver
•T15 Torx screwdriver
•9 mm wrench
•Caulking tool for lug terminals, 2.0sq
•Caulking tool for high current lug terminals, 5.5sq
Prepare a socket for your test devices, a blank board, tools for mounting the socket,
screws and nut for socket terminals, and so on separately.
For the dimensions and screw holes of a blank board, see Figure 2-3.
CAUTIONConfirm the allowable temperature range of the blank board and the socket and use
the socket module within the range.
The allowable temperature range of the dummy board is approximately 0 C to
+100 C.
Procedure1. Remove the dummy board from the blank module using a T15 Torx screwdriver.
2. Make a socket board by process a blank board or the dummy board and mount
your device socket onto the board.
WARNINGMake enough space between the socket terminal and the shield/chassis, for
example, about 1 mm for maximum 200 V output and 6 mm for 3000 V, to
prevent discharge and any accident.
3. Fix the socket board to the blank module using the screws and tooth washers you
kept when removing the dummy board.
4. Remove the bottom cover of the blank module using a T10 Torx screwdriver.
5. Assemble cables using the wire and lug terminals.
Cut the appropriate length of the wire, tear off the coating of wire ends, and then
secure the lug terminals to the wire ends using a caulking tool.
WARNINGWhen the measurement uses higher range than 500A range, use the wire for
high current and lug terminals for high current for connecting the Force
terminals of the Collector/Drain and Emitter/Source.
6. Connect one ends of all cables to the inside terminals on the blank module.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 23
Page 94
Installation
Collector/Drain
High
Base/Gate
Emitter/Source
Low
ForceSense
AUX
Force
Sense
High
Low
Force
Sense
Chassis
Guard
Blank module wiring side view:
Socket board
7KLFNQHVVPP
Connecting Accessories
Remove screws and tooth washers from the terminals, and fix the lug terminal of
the cable end in order of a washer, a lug terminal, a tooth washer, and a screw.
When fixing the lug terminal, secure a screw by a T15 Torx screwdriver with
fixing the bottom nut by a 9 mm wrench.
Positions of the wiring side terminals are shown below.
7. Connect the other ends of the cables to the terminals on the back side of the
socket board.
If a socket terminal does not have a screw or nut for securing a lug terminal of
the cable, prepare it. Ensure the terminal position of the blank module and the
socket board, and connect the cables correctly.
Figure 2-3Dimensions and Screw Holes of Blank Board
8. Fix the bottom cover to the blank module using a T10 Torx screwdriver.
2- 24Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 95
Installation
1 Gate
2 Collector/Drain
3 Emitter/Source
±3 kV&Max
B1506A-F14
Gate Charge Measurement Adapter
Inline Package
External DUT
±3 kV&Max
Collector/Drain
Gate
Emitter/Source
SenseForce
SenseForce
To External DUT
Attach shorting bar
for Inline Package.
Remove it for
External DUT.
Socket for
current
control
device
Studs for
load resistor
Slide switch
(Inline Package position)
Socket for DUT
Shorting bar
To p
Side
Connecting Accessories
Gate Charge Socket Adapter
This socket adapter is designed for performing the gate charge measurement. The
adapter supports 3-pin inline package device and other type of device. This socket
adapter is furnished with the B1506A-H21/H51/H71.
•“Connecting 3-pin Inline Package Device”
•“Connecting Other Type of Device”
CAUTIONUse the gate charge socket adapter at ambient temperatures.
Connecting 3-pin Inline Package Device
Requirements•Gate charge socket adapter and Shorting bar (furnished with the adapter)
•DUT (3-pin inline package device)
•Current control device or Load resistor
The current control device must be an extra 3-pin inline package device which is
expected to have the same characteristics as DUT. If the device is not available, use
a load resistor. The resistor must satisfy the following specifications.
Resistance = Vr/Ir (Vr: rated voltage, Ir: rated current)
Peak power Vr Ir 1 ms
Procedure1. Attach the socket adapter directly to the
Emitter/Source, and AUX Force terminals of the test fixture.
2. Attach the shorting bar to the Sense terminals on the side panel.
3. Set the slide switch to the Inline Package position.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 25
Bas
e/Gate, Collector/Drain,
Page 96
Installation
Connecting Accessories
4. Set the current control device on the left socket or connect the load resistor
between the studs for the resistor.
5. Set your DUT on the right socket.
6. Close the fixture cover and perform measurement.
WARNINGHazardous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at the
measurement terminals if the fixture cover is closed.
NOTEOpen the AUX Sense terminals of the test fixture. Do not connect anything to them.
NOTEShort plate is furnished with the adapter. It is used for performing the short
correction before the gate charge measurement. Set it on “Socket for DUT” before
the short correction and remove it after the correction.
Connecting Other Type of Device
Requirements•Gate charge socket adapter
•Blank silicon plate
•Connection wire, clip, adapter, and so on. Use the furnished accessories.
Banana pin to Large alligator clip wire can be assembled by fixing a banana pin
adapter and a clip to a connection wire using a screw and a nut.
•DUT (other than 3-pin inline package device)
•Current control device or Load resistor
The current control device must be an extra 3-pin inline package device which is
expected to have the same characteristics as DUT. If the device is not available, use
a load resistor. The resistor must satisfy the following specifications.
Resistance = Vr/Ir (Vr: rated voltage, Ir: rated current)
Peak power Vr Ir 1 ms
2- 26Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 97
Connecting Accessories
Base
Base
Emitter
LowHigh
Collector
1 Gate
2 Collector/Drain
3 Emitter/Source
±3 kV&Max
B1506A-F14
Gate Charge Measurement Adapter
Inline Package
External DUT
Socket for
current
control
device
Studs for
load resistor
Slide switch
(External DUT position)
Space for External DUT on the silicon plate:
180 mm x 180 mm
External DUT
External DUT
±3 kV&Max
Collector/Drain
Gate
Emitter/Source
Sense
Force
SenseForce
To External DUT
Attach shorting bar
for Inline Package.
Remove it for
External DUT.
Collector/Drain
High
Low
Gate Low is internally
connected to Emitter/Source Sense.
Base
Base
Emitter
LowHigh
External DUT
Collector
Base Low is internally
connected to Emitter.
Open
Procedure1. Set the blank silicon plate on the DUT stage of the test fixture.
Installation
2. Attach the socket adapter directly to the Bas
e/Gate, Collector/Drain,
Emitter/Source, and AUX Force terminals of the test fixture.
3. Remove the shorting bar from the Sense terminals if it is attached.
4. Set the slide switch to the External DUT position.
5. Set the current control device on the left socket or connect the load resistor
b
ween the studs for the resistor.
et
6. Put your DUT on the space for the external DUT. The device size should be
smaller than
approximately 170 mm (W) 170 mm (D) 130 mm (H).
7. Connect your DUT to the side panel terminals by using connection wire, clip,
adapte
r, and so on.
Force and Sense must be connected together at th
e terminal of DUT for making
the Kelvin connection.
8. Close the fixture cover and perform measurement.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 27
Page 98
Installation
Connecting Accessories
WARNINGHazardous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at the
measurement terminals if the fixture cover is closed.
WARNINGMake sure that the cover is closed properly before starting measurement. Do
not perform the measurement when a wire is p
Assurez-vous que le couvercle est fermé correctement avant de commencer la
mesure. Ne pas effectuer la mesure lorsqu’un câble dépasse du couvercle de
l'appareil.
NOTEOpen the AUX Sense terminals of the test fixture. Do not connect anything to them.
NOTEOpen/short correction should be performed before the gate charge measurement.
Open between the Gate/Base terminal and the Emitter/Source terminal for the open
correction and short them for the short correction at the end of the extension cables.
rotruding from the fixture cover.
2- 28Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
Page 99
Accessories for Connecting a DUT
Test fixture
Thermocouple
Thermal plate
Blank silicon plate
Cable assembly
DUT
Base
Base
Emitter
LowHigh
Collector
Force
High
Low
High
Low
±100 VOMax
GuardSense
ForceSense
±3 kV Max
Collector/Drain
Emitter/Source
Base/Gate
SenseForce
AUX
±30 VMax
High
Low
±100 V Max
External DUT
Base Low is internally
connected to Emitter.
Use the connection wire, clip, adapter, and so on to connect a device that cannot be
connected to any socket module or adapter.
In the above picture, the blank silicon plate is set on the DUT stage, and the Thermal
Plate is placed on the plate and connected to the Thermal Plate connector. Also, the
thermocouples are connected to the K Thermocouple terminals and put on the places
to monitor temperature. For the Thermal Plate, contact inTEST Corporation.
Requirements•Blank silicon plate
•Connection wire, clip, adapter, and so on. Use the furnished accessories.
Installation
Connecting Accessories
Banana pin to Large alligator clip wire can be assembled by fixing a banana pin
adapter and a clip to a connection wire using a screw and a nut.
•DUT (other than 3-pin inline package device)
Procedure1. Set the blank silicon plate on the DUT stage of the test fixture.
2. Put your DUT on the blank silicon plate. The device size should be smaller than
imately 330 mm (W) 170 mm (D) 130 mm (H).
prox
ap
3. Connect your DUT to the measurement terminals of the test fixture by using
connection wire, clip,
adapter, and so on.
Force and Sense must be connected together at the terminal of DUT for making
the Kelvin connection.
Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 32- 29
Page 100
Installation
Connecting Accessories
4. Close the fixture cover and perform measurement.
WARNINGHazardous voltage, instrument maximum output voltage may appear at the
measurement terminals if the fixture cover is closed.
WARNINGTo reduce the leakage current of the extension cable, the Guard terminal may
be extended as close as possible to the drain or collector terminal of DUT.
Then, open the Guard terminal at the end of the extension cable to avoid
electrical shock, instrument damage, or DUT damage. Do not connect anything
to this terminal which has the same potential as the High Force and High Sense.
WARNINGMake sure that the cover is closed properly before starting measurement. Do
not perform the measurement when a wire is p
Assurez-vous que le couvercle est fermé correctement avant de commencer la
mesure. Ne pas effectuer la mesure lorsqu’un câble dépasse du couvercle de
l'appareil.
CAUTIONNever connect the High, High Force, High Sense, or Guard terminal to any output,
including circuit common and chassis ground. Connecting other output may damage
the connected one.
rotruding from the fixture cover.
2- 30Keysight B1506A User’s Guide, Edition 3
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