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The UniLink Airborne Datalink Product (hereafter referred to as
“UniLink”) is an air-to-ground digital data communication system that
operates with Universal Avionics Systems Corporation’s (UASC’s)
Fight Management Systems (FMSs). It is capable of using a variety of
media such as Satellite Communications (SatCom) and Very High
Frequency (VHF) communications to exchange data with datalink
service providers (DSPs). When communicating over the Aircraft
Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)
network, UniLink is the functional equivalent of an ARINC 758
Communications Management Unit (CMU). The UL-801 contains an
imbedded VHF data radio (VDR) whereas the UL-800 requires an
external VDR. The VDR provides ACARS and various other types of
network communications capability for UniLink.
The UniLink Future Air Navigation System (FANS) 1/A+
implementation is intended to improve safety of flight, enhance
efficiency, and increase air traffic capacity. Air traffic capacity increase
is promoted by augmenting voice transmissions between crews and
ATC with datalink messages during flight in oceanic and remote areas
that have limited or no radar coverage. The FANS 1/A+
implementation is defined in RTCA/DO-258A and ARINC 622.
Features of this implementation include Air Traffic Services (ATS),
Facilities Notification (AFN), Automatic Dependent SurveillanceContract (ADS-C) , and Controller-Pilot Datalink Communications
(CPDLC) text data transmissions.
The FAA has approved the aircraft datalink system to the criteria
contained in AC 20-140A for FANS 1/A+ using VDL M2, VDL M0/A,
and SatCom (IMMARSAT). The datalink system meets the aircraftallocated performance requirements of RCP 240 and type 180 (all
sub-networks), and the performance requirements for continental
applications (VDL M2 only). This design approval does not constitute
operational authorization.
NOTE: The colors shown on the screens in this operator’s manual are
based on an FMS with SCN 1000.5/1100.5 installed and
configured for STANDARD-2 color pallet.
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Components
One UASC FMS utilizing SCN 1000.5/1100.5 or later is required for
UniLink FANS-1/A+ implementation. A complete system includes:
•UASC FMS (SCN 1000.5/1100.5 or later) with a Control
Display Unit (CDU) or Multifunctional Control Display Unit
(MCDU)
• FANS Visual Annunciator(s)
• FANS Aural Alerting device
• Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) (to record CPDLC/FANS
messages and events)
•Approved SatCom System (to support remote oceanic FANS
CPDLC communications)
•UniLink Airborne Datalink (SCN 30.X or later) - FANS Enabled
will display the following MAIN MENU:
Use of a UASC MCDU with the UniLink UL-80X involves the following
configuration/operation performance considerations:
•When configured for a 429 interface, LSKs [L6] and [R6] will
not be functional
•When configured for a 702 interface, LSKs [L5] and [R5] will
not be functional (LSKs [L6] and [R6] will be used instead).
•The plus/minus ( + ) key will not operate as a space key. The
MCDU [SP] key is used for the space function.
UNILINK MENU on MCDU (429 Interface)
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Applications
FANS 1/A + is principally composed of three applications:
•Controller-Pilot Datalink Communications (CPDLC) –
CPDLC allows datalink messages to substitute for traditional
voice communications for routine communications between a
crew and an air traffic controller. CPDLC messages can be
used to request and grant clearances, to inform the ground of
the aircraft’s position and situation, and to provide instructions
to the crew.
•Air Traffic Services Facilities Notification (AFN) – This
application requires no crew action. AFN allows the aircraft
and an Air Traffic Services (ATS) provider on the ground to
exchange addresses, as well as information about which
FANS applications they support.
This application requires no crew action. ADS-C allows ATS
providers to query the aircraft to provide position reports and
other situational data at regular intervals or in response to
events specified by the ATS provider, such as a change in
altitude or lateral deviation.
NOTE: This Operator’s Manual includes procedures and functions
used in a FANS-Enabled UniLink System. Crews that operate
this system must be trained and obtain operational approval
from the state of registry.
Crew interface is accomplished through the FMS CDU and/or MCDU,
utilizing a UASC FMS with SCN 1000.5/1100.5 or later. Data may be
entered at any field highlighted by a cursor. The cursor is displayed in
the first empty data field. Fields with plus signs (+) indicate information
is required. Fields exhibiting minus signs (-) indicate input is optional.
If there is no cursor displayed in a data field, selecting the ENTER key
will place the cursor over the first enterable field on the page. Data is
then entered into the field using the CDU/MCDU alphanumeric keys.
In some situations, flight progress and related data from the FMS will
be prefilled. Subsequent presses of the [ENTER] key will move the
cursor to the next enterable field. Pressing a line select key (LSK)
highlights the corresponding data entry field. Selecting [ENTER] when
the cursor is in the last data field on the page results in the cursor
parking off of the page. Pressing [ENTER] again positions the cursor
on the initial enterable field on the page.
FMS Input
The FMS continuously provides current data to UniLink. Many
messages and requests have fields that prefill with FMS flight
progress data and computed information. In most cases the user
accepts the data for inclusion into the message. It is possible however
to change a value by overriding that value with a manual data entry.
Manual entries are generally retained until power shutdown, although
data that would normally change as a flight progresses will be cleared
once the page has been exited (is no longer displayed).
Source FMS
The crew must ensure that the FMS that is navigating the aircraft
(Source FMS) is the same FMS that supplies data to UniLink. The
Source FMS is shown on the SOURCE FMS page, accessed via
MAINTENANCE > SENSOR STATUS > SOURCE FMS.
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The Source FMS is indicated by an asterisk next to it. Any available
FMS can be manually selected by pressing the adjacent LSK. If
automatic (AUTO) selection is desired, the SELECTION METHOD
LSK will toggle between MANUAL and AUTO.
NOTE: It is important for the crew to ensure that the Source FMS is
not changed prior to an expected flight plan modification
uplink. If the Source FMS is changed prior to the uplink, the
flight plan information will need to be transferred to the new
Source FMS from the previously designated FMS.
Communications
Prior to entering Oceanic Airspace (and loss of VHF communications)
the crew should suspend VHF and transition to satellite
communication (See STATE under VHF DATA in the COMM
CONTROL section).
Current Time
On every UniLink screen above the RETURN option at LSK [5R], the
current UTC time is displayed.
SEND
When the SEND LSK is pressed, the request is placed into queue for
transmission. The delivery status of the message appears above the
SEND option. If data required for the message has not been entered
completely, the SEND option will display as inactive and if selected, a
pop-up window DATA REQUIRED will display (indicating the data is
insufficient).The SEND prompt will not display an arrow (indicating
active) until all required data is entered. Clear the pop-up window by
pressing any active LSK.
SEND status displays the current status of the message. When the
SEND LSK is pressed, the status will briefly change to QUEUED, then
SENDING. The selected media for transmission (VHF, SAT, or TEL)
is indicated after SENDING. When acknowledgement is received from
the DSP, SENT status will display.
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UniLink Advisories
The bottom left LSK on each UniLink page will display either the
UNILINK MENU prompt or UniLink advisories. UniLink advisories
notify the crew of UniLink activity that may require user action. Only
one advisory will display at a time in the order of priority. Pressing the
adjacent LSK allows viewing of the advisory message.
When no advisory is displayed, the advisory field is used to display
the UNILINK MENU prompt. Selecting this prompt displays the
UNILINK MENU.
When on an FMS page, UniLink advisories will be indicated by the
flashing MSG annunciator. Pressing the [MSG] key will allow viewing
of UniLink advisories and messages via the NEW MESSAGE
Advisory prompt (LSK [5L]). This will open the appropriate UniLink
page.
Advisory Messages
NEW ERROR MSG – This advisory is active when an unviewed
message exists in the Error Log. Selection of this advisory displays
the detailed error message page for most recently logged error
message that has not been viewed.
ACKNOWLEDGE – Indicates that an uplink message that is
displayed requires crew acknowledgment. Selection will send an
acknowledgment message.
NEW MSG – Indicates a new unverified message in the Uplink Log.
Selection of this advisory displays the detailed message page for the
latest unread unverified message.
NEW VERIF MSG– Indicates a new verified message in the Uplink
Log. Selection of this advisory displays the detailed message page for
the latest unread verified message.
NEW WX MAP – Indicates a new unviewed weather graphic in the
Graphic Log. Selection of this advisory displays the most recent
graphic.
SELCAL – Indicates a SELCAL request has been received. Selection
of this advisory displays the SELCAL page.
VHF VOICE (applies to UL-800 only) – Indicates the VDR is in Voice
Mode. Selection of this advisory displays the VHF VOICE page.
TEL SUSPEND – Indicates the configured dial attempt limit has been
reached and TEL LINK has been suspended (or TEL LINK has been
manually suspended). Selection of this advisory displays the TEL
DATA page.
GND DELAY – Indicates a configurable timer has elapsed since the
last OUT event (push back) and the OFF event (take off) has not yet
occurred. Selection of this advisory displays the EST TIME OFF page.
NOCOMM – Indicates multiple air/ground links are not available.
Selection of this advisory displays the COMM STATUS page.
SAT NOCOMM – Indicates the configured SatCom air/ground link is
not available. Selection of this advisory displays the COMM STATUS
page.
TEL NOCOMM – Indicates the configured airborne telephony
(SatCom) system link is not available. Selection of this advisory
displays the COMM STATUS page.
VHF NOCOMM – Indicates UniLink has determined that a VHF
air/ground link is not available. Selection of this advisory displays the
COMM STATUS page.
NEW ATC MSG – Indicates the presence of an unviewed CPDLC
uplink. Selecting this advisory displays the uplink, together with any
appropriate response options (e.g., WILCO/UNABLE). If multiple
unviewed CPDLC uplinks are present, the oldest will be viewed,
ensuring that messages are presented in the order received. If this
advisory is active when the UNILINK prompt is selected on the FMS
MESSAGE or DATA page, the advisory is selected automatically.
OPEN ATC MSG – Indicates the presence of a CPDLC uplink that
has not yet received a closure response. Required closure responses
include WILCO, UNABLE, ROGER, AFFIRM, and NEGATIVE.
STANDBY is not a closure response and will not dismiss this advisory.
The advisory remains active until the required closure response has
been queued. If multiple open CPDLC uplinks are present, the oldest
will be viewed, ensuring that messages are responded to in the order
received. If this advisory is active when the UNILINK prompt is
selected on the FMS MESSAGE or DATA page, the advisory is
selected automatically.
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ATC RPT READY – Indicates that the necessary conditions for
sending a CPDLC report downlink previously requested by ATC have
been met. If a single report is ready to be sent, and all the data
required by that report is available, selecting the advisory will display a
review page from which the report may be sent. If a single report is
ready to be sent, and some of the data required by the report must be
entered manually, selecting the advisory will display a message
composition page on which the required data may be entered. If
multiple reports are ready to be sent, selecting the advisory displays
the ATC RPTS page, which contains a log of all ATC report requests
that have not yet been fulfilled. From this page the desired report
request can be selected, and the appropriate review page or message
composition page will be displayed.
Once selected, this advisory is dismissed until another requested
report becomes ready to send. It does not remain active until a report
has been sent.
NOTE: UniLink’s ability to detect REPORT PASSING events is
limited. UniLink can detect the passing of a flight plan
waypoint but cannot detect the passing of an arbitrary pair of
lat/lon coordinates or a given latitude line or meridian. The
pilot retains responsibility for monitoring the situation and
sending requested reports when necessary.
ATC CNCT XXXX – Indicates that a new Air Traffic Service Unit
(ATSU) has become the aircraft’s current ATC data authority. The
ICAO code (XXXX) of the ATSU is included in the advisory. This
advisory is informational; it is dismissed when selected and requires
no further action.
ATC DISCNECT – Indicates that the aircraft no longer has a current
ATC data authority. The connection with the aircraft’s current ATC
data authority has been lost, and there is no next data authority to
take its place. This advisory is informational; it is dismissed when
selected and requires no further action.
ATC LOGON FAIL – Indicates that an attempted AFN log on has
failed, either because a negative acknowledgement was received from
the ATSU or because no acknowledgement was received within ten
minutes of the transmission of the AFN log on downlink. Selecting this
advisory displays the ATC LOG ON page, where the status indication
above the LOG ON prompt at LSK [3L] indicates the reason for the
failure (ERROR or TIMEOUT).
ATC RPTS FULL – Indicates that the log of pending CPDLC report
requests received from ATC is now full, and one of these requests
must be either satisfied or deleted. Selecting this advisory displays the
ATC RPTS page. The log of pending report requests can hold up to
fifteen entries.
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Error Messages
Most error messages generate a NEW ERROR MSG advisory which
is displayed in the ERROR LOG pages. Certain error messages which
are considered more urgent are displayed in a pop-up window in the
middle of the current UniLink page, for example: QUEUE FULL,
DISPLAY PROCESSOR FAIL, or A740: PRINTER FAIL.
Entry Error Pop-up Windows
UniLink provides feedback when an invalid entry is made. After an
invalid entry, a pop-up window identifies the entry error.
The following is a list of data entry errors and the condition that will
initiate the error pop-up window.
Screen Text Condition
VALUE TOO LARGE
The entered numeric value
exceeds the allowable maximum.
VALUE TOO SMALL
The entered numeric value is less
than the allowable minimum.
TOO MANY CHARACTERS
The entered number of characters
exceeds the allowable maximum.
TOO FEW CHARACTERS
The entered number of characters
is less than the allowable
minimum.
VALUE MUST BE NUMERIC The prompt only accepts digits.
VALUE MUST BE
Message alerting functions include visual and aural alerts, and digital
outputs to various Line-Replaceable Units (LRU). The outputs are
intended to drive visual or aural alerting when a new uplink message
is received. The digital outputs provide messaging alerts that may be
used by other devices for additional alerting functions, such as the
FMS MSG annunciator.
Alert Inhibiting
UniLink Alert Inhibiting operates in order to suspend the output of
message alerting during critical phases of flight (i.e., takeoff and
landing). Displayed UniLink advisories are not suppressed during
critical flight phases.
NOTE: If UniLink transitions out of the takeoff phase due to
transitioning directly into the landing phase, UniLink will
continuously inhibit alert outputs. This ensures there are no
aural alerts that could potentially distract the crew.
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User Interface Menu Tree
The UniLink Main Menu page is accessed from the UNILINK prompt
on either DATA 1/4 or the MESSAGE page (from a reboot or initial
startup). To navigate down through the menu tree, select the
applicable page option LSKs to move to the desired function. Use the
RETURN LSK to move back up the menu tree.
Pages shown in the menu trees may or may not be available
depending on specific installation configuration. Check with installer
for specific configuration details.
UniLink Menu (SCN 30.X)
UNILINK
MENU
FLIGHT INFO
D-ATIS
TWIP
DEPARTURE
CLX
OCEANIC
CLX
VERIFY
MSGS
PUSHBACK
CLX
OCEANIC
CLX ATC
EXP TAXI CLX
ATC
(Continued on next page)
ATC
EMERGENCY
ATC LOG ON
1/2
ATC LOG ON
2/2
ATC REVIEW
(MAYDAY)
ATC REVIEW
(PAN)
ATC REVIEW
(Cancel
Emergency)
ATC LOG ON
TO
(LOG ON TO Region
pages including:
- N PACIFIC
- S PACIFIC
- ASIA
- INDIAN OCEAN
- N ATLANTIC
- S ATLANTIC
- EUROPE)
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SCN 30.X
Operator’s Manual
UniLink Menu (continued)
UNILINK
MENU
Continued
ATC
Continued
ATC
REQUEST
ATC REQ
ALTITUDE
(SINGLE)
ATC REVIEW
(REQUEST VMC
DESCENT)
ATC REQ
SPEED
(SINGLE)
ATC REQ
ALTITUDE
(BLOCK)
ATC REVIEW
(REQUEST)
ATC REQ
SPEED
(BLOCK)
ATC REVIEW
ATC REVIEW
(REQUEST
BLOCK)
ATC REVIEW
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(Continued on next page)
UniLink Menu (continued)
UNILINK
MENU
Continued
ATC
Continued
REQUEST
Continued
ATC
UniLink UL-800/801 FANS
Operator’s Manual
ATC
REQUEST
CLEARANCE
(FREE TEXT)
SCN 30.X
ATC REQ RTE
ATC REQ RTE
ATC EXPECT
WHEN CAN WE
ATC REVIEW
(WHEN CAN WE
EXPECT BACK
1/2
2/2
ATC REQ
OFFSET
ATC REQ
VOICE
CONTACT
ATC EXP
ALTITUDE
ATC EXP
SPEED
(SINGLE)
ON ROUTE
FREE-TEXT)
ATC
REQUEST
DTO
ATC REVIEW
ATC
REQUEST
AT
ATC REVIEW
(REQUEST
OFFSET OF
ROUTE FREE-
TEXT)
ATC REVIEW
(REQUEST VOICE
CONTACT FREE-
TEXT)
ATC REVIEW
(WHEN CAN WE
EXPECT FREE-
TEXT)
ATC EXP
SPEED (BLOCK)
ATC REVIEW
(WHEN CAN WE
EXPECT FREE-
TEXT)
18 23-20-06.02
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