UBS Axcera LU1000ATD Users Manual

Instruction Manual

Innovator,

LX Series

Digital UHF

Driver/Transmitter

AXCERA, LLC

103 FREEDOM DRIVE, P.O. Box 525 LAWRENCE, PA 15055-0525 USA

[phone] • FAX [phone]

www.axcera.com • [e-mail]

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
SECTION PAGE

1.1: Manual Overview..................................................................................1-1

1.2: Assembly Designation Numbers.............................................................1-1

1.3: Safety.................................................................................................1-2

1.4: Contact Information ........................................................................ 1-2

1.5: Material Return Procedure.....................................................................1-2

1.6: Limited One Year Warranty for Axcera Products.......................................1-3

CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION & REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTIONS

2.0: System Overview................................................................................2-1

2.1: Exciter Amplifier Chassis Assembly ........................................................2-1

2.1.1: IF Processor Module....................................................................2-2

2.1.2: LO/Upconverter Module...............................................................2-4

2.1.3: Control & Monitoring/Power Supply Module....................................2-6

2.1.4: Driver Amplifier Module ...............................................................2-7

2.2: RF Output Assemblies...........................................................................2-9

2.3: Control and Status ...............................................................................2-9

2.3.1: Front Panel LCD Display Screen....................................................2-9

2.4: System Operation ................................................................................2-9

2.4.1: Principles of Operation.................................................................2-9

2.5: Maintenance......................................................................................2-11

2.6: Customer Remote Connections...................................................... 2-11

CHAPTER 3: SITE CONSIDERATIONS, INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES

3.1: Site Considerations...............................................................................3-1

3.2: Unpacking the Chassis w/Modules..........................................................3-5

3.3: Installing the Chassis w/Modules ...........................................................3-5

3.4: AC Input .............................................................................................3-7

3.5: Setup and Operation ............................................................................3-7

3.5.1: Input Connections.......................................................................3-7

3.5.2: Initial Turn On ............................................................................3-9

3.5.2.1: DM8-R Digital Modulator Tray LEDs on Front Panel................3-9

3.5.2.2: IF Processor Module LEDs on Front Panel..............................3-9

3.5.2.3: LO/Upconverter Module LEDs on Front Panel.........................3-9

3.5.2.4: Controller Module LEDs on Front Panel.................................3-9

3.5.2.5: Driver Module LEDs on Front Panel ......................................3-9

3.5.3: Front Panel Screens for the Driver/Amplifier Chassis Assembly ......3-10

3.5.4: Operational Procedure...............................................................3-17

CHAPTER 4: CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS

4.1: IF Processor Module .............................................................................4-1

4.1.1: IF Processor Board......................................................................4-1

4.1.1.1: DM8 Modulator Selected.....................................................4-1

4.1.1.2: External Modulated IF Selected ...........................................4-1

4.1.1.3: Main IF Signal Path (Part 1 of 3)..........................................4-1

4.1.1.4: Input Level Detector Circuit ................................................4-2

4.1.1.5: Pin Diode Attenuator Circuit................................................4-3

4.1.1.6: Main IF Signal Path (Part 2 of 3)..........................................4-3

LX Series, Rev. 1 April 29, 2008

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS - (Continued)

SECTION PAGE

4.1.1.7: Amplitude and Phase Pre Correction Circuits.........................4-4

4.1.1.8: Main IF Signal Path (Part 3 of 3)..........................................4-5

4.1.1.9: ALC Circuit........................................................................4-5

4.1.1.10: Fault Command ...............................................................4-6

4.1.1.11: ±12 VDC Needed to Operate the Board..............................4-6

4.2: LO/Upconverter Module ........................................................................4-6

4.2.1: UHF Generator Board ..................................................................4-7

4.2.2: UHF Filters .................................................................................4-8

4.2.3: LO/Upconverter Board.................................................................4-8

4.2.3.1: Upconverter portion of the Board.........................................4-8

4.2.3.2: Automatic Gain portion of the Board ....................................4-9

4.2.3.3: The PLL and 10MHz Reference portion of the Board.............4-10

4.2.3.4: External 10MHz PLL and 10MHz Reference present Circuitry.4-10

4.2.3.5: Internal 10MHz Reference Circuitry....................................4-11

4.2.3.6: Selected 10MHz Reference Samples...................................4-11

4.2.3.7: Comparator Phase Lock Loop Circuit ..................................4-11

4.2.3.8: Lock Detector Circuit........................................................4-11

4.2.3.9: Voltage Requirements ......................................................4-12

4.3: Control Monitoring/Power Supply Module..............................................4-12

4.3.1: Power Protection Board..............................................................4-12

4.3.2: Control Board ...........................................................................4-13

4.3.2.1: Schematic Page 1 ............................................................4-13

4.3.2.2: Schematic Page 2 ............................................................4-14

4.3.2.3: Schematic Page 3 ............................................................4-14

4.3.2.4: Schematic Page 4 ............................................................4-15

4.3.2.5: Schematic Page 5 ............................................................4-15

4.3.3: Switch Board............................................................................4-16

4.3.4: Switching Power Supply Assembly ..............................................4-16

4.4: Driver Amplifier Module Assembly........................................................4-16

4.4.1: 1-Watt Amplifier Module Assembly..............................................4-17

4.4.2: 1-Watt UHF Amplifier Board .......................................................4-17

4.4.3: RF Amplifier Assembly...............................................................4-18

4.4.4: Coupler Board Assembly............................................................4-18

4.4.5: Amplifier Control Board..............................................................4-18

4.4.5.1: Schematic Page 1 ............................................................4-18

4.4.5.2: Schematic Page 2 ............................................................4-19

4.4.5.3: Schematic Page 3 ............................................................4-20

4.5: Dual Peak Detector Board ...................................................................4-21

CHAPTER 5: DETAILED ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES

5.1: System Preparation..............................................................................5-1

5.1.1: Module Replacement ...................................................................5-1

5.1.2: Initial Test Set Up .......................................................................5-1

5.2: LX Series Driver/Amplifier Chassis Assembly...........................................5-1

5.2.1: IF Processor Module Assembly......................................................5-2

5.3: Setting ALC Gain, AGC1, AGC2 and AGC Cutback ....................................5-2

5.4: Calibration of Output & Reflected Power .................................................5-3

5.4.1 Calibration of Forward Power.........................................................5-3

5.4.2 Calibration of Reflected Power .......................................................5-3

LX Series, Rev. 1 April 29, 2008

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS - (Continued)

SECTION PAGE

5.5: Linearity Correction Adjustment.............................................................5-4

5.6: Frequency Response Delay Equalization Adjustment ................................5-5

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS
APPENDIX B: DRAWINGS LISTS

APPENDIX B: TRANSMITTER LOG SHEET

LX Series, Rev. 1 April 29, 2008

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1-1: Brady Marker Identification Drawing.................................................1-1

2-1: Digital LX Series Front View Modules and Assemblies .........................2-1

2-2: Rear View LX Series Driver/Amplifier Chassis Assembly....................2-11

3-1: 500 Watt Minimum Ventilation Configuration.....................................3-4

3-2: Tray Slide Cabinet Mounting Diagram...............................................3-6

3-3: Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing.......................................3-6

3-4: Cabinet Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing...........................3-6

3-5: AC Input Box Assembly...................................................................3-7

3-6: Rear View of Driver/Amplifier...........................................................3-8

4-1: 250 Watt UHF Amplifier Module .....................................................4-17

5-1: Typical Digital Spectrum .................................................................5-5

LX Series, Rev. 1

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents

v

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

2-1: Digital LX Series Modules and Assemblies .........................................2-1

2-2: IF Processor Front Panel Switch .......................................................2-3

2-3: IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators ........................................2-3

2-4: IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments....................................2-3

2-5: IF Processor Front Panel Sample......................................................2-3

2-6: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Switch ..................................................2-5

2-7: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicators ...................................2-5

2-8: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments...............................2-5

2-9: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Samples................................................2-5

2-10: Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Display .....................................2-6

2-11: Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Status Indicators .......................2-6

2-12: Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Control Adjustments...................2-6

2-13: Driver Amplifier Front Panel Status Indicators....................................2-8

2-14: Driver Amplifier Front Panel Control Adjustments...............................2-8

2-15: Driver Amplifier Front Panel Sample.................................................2-8

2-16: LX Series Exciter Driver Customer Remote Connections.......... 2-12

3-1: LX Series Digital Transmitters AC Input and Current Requirements......3-1

3-2: Rear Chassis Connections for LX Series Digital Exciter/Driver..............3-8

Digital Driver/Amplifier System Controller Screens

3-3: Menu 01 Splash Screen #1............................................................3-10

3-4: Menu 02 Splash Screen #2............................................................3-10

3-5: Menu 10 Main Screen ...................................................................3-10

3-6: Menu 11 Error List Access Screen...................................................3-11

3-7: Menu 12 Transmitter Device Data Access Screen.............................3-11

3-8: Menu 13 Transmitter Configuration Access Screen...........................3-11

3-9: Menu 20 Error List Display Screen..................................................3-12

3-10: Menu 30 Transmitter Device Details Screen..................................3-12

3-11: Menu 30-1 System Details Screens..............................................3-12

3-12: Transmitter Device Parameters Detail Screens..............................3-13

3-13: Menu 40 Authorized Personnel Screen .........................................3-14

3-14: Menu 40-1 Transmitter Set Up: Power Control Screen ...................3-14

3-15: Menu 40-2 Transmitter Set Up: Model Select Screen .....................3-15

3-16: Menu 40-3 Transmitter Set Up: Upconverter Channel Select Screen 3-15

3-17: Menu 40-4 Transmitter Set Up: Serial Address Screen...................3-15

3-18: Menu 40-6 Transmitter Set Up: System Forward Power Cal. Screen.3-15
3-19: Menu 40-6 Transmitter Set Up: System Reflected Power Cal. Screen.3-16

3-20: Menu 40-7 Transmitter Set Up: Fwrd Pwr Fault Threshold Screen......3-16

3-21: Menu 40-8 Transmitter Set Up: Refl Power Fault Threshold Screen....3-16

3-22: Menu 40-10 Transmitter Set Up: Auto Standby Control Screen .........3-16

3-23: Menu 40-12 Transmitter Set Up: Inner Loop Gain Control Screen......3-17

3-24: Menu 40-13 Transmitter Set Up: Optional System Control Screen .....3-17

3-25: Menu 40-19 Transmitter Set Up: Amplifier Output Power Warning.....3-17

3-26: Menu 40-19 Transmitter Set Up: Remote Commands Control............3-17

4-1: Firmware Configuration Switch SW2 Operating Positions ..................4-15

LX Series, Rev. 1

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

Chapter 1:

Introduction

1.1: Manual Overview

This manual explains the installation,
setup, alignment, and maintenance
procedures for the LX Series modular
Digital UHF driver/transmitter. If your
transmitter contains external power
amplifier assemblies, then information
and drawings on the external amplifier
assemblies are contained in Volume 2.

This instruction manual is divided into
five chapters and supporting appendices.
Chapter 1: Introduction, contains
information on the assembly numbering
system used in the manual, safety,
maintenance, return procedures, and
warranties. Chapter 2: System
Description, maintenance and remote
control connections, describes the
transmitter and includes discussions on
system control and status indicators,
maintenance and remote control
connections. Chapter 3: Site
Considerations, installation and setup
procedures, explains how to unpack,
install, setup, and operate the
transmitter. Chapter 4: Circuit
Descriptions, contains circuit-level
descriptions for boards and board-level
components in the transmitter. Chapter
5: Detailed Alignment Procedures,
provides information on adjusting the
system assemblies for optimal operation.
Appendix A: contains drawings and
parts lists. Appendix B: contains a
transmitter log sheet

1.2: Assembly Designators

Axcera has assigned assembly numbers,
Ax designations such as A1, where
x=1,2,3…etc, to all assemblies, modules,
and boards in the system. These
designations are referenced in the text of
this manual and shown on the block
diagrams and interconnect drawings
provided in the appendices. The Block
Diagrams, Interconnects, Schematics,
Assembly Drawings and Parts Lists are
arranged in increasing numerical order in
the appendices. Section titles in the text
for assembly or module descriptions or
alignment procedures contain the
associated part number(s) and the
relevant appendix that contains the
drawings for that item.

The cables that connect between the
boards within a tray or assembly and
that connect between the trays, racks
and cabinets are labeled using Brady
markers. Figure 1-1 is an example of a
Brady marked cable. There may be as
few as two or as many as four Markers
on any one cable. These Brady markers
are read starting furthest from the
connector. If there are four Brady
Markers, this marker is the transmitter
number such as transmitter 1 or
transmitter 2. The next or the furthest
Brady Marker is the rack or cabinet
number on an interconnect cable or the
board number within a tray. The next
number on an interconnect cable is the
Tray location or number. The Brady
marker closest to the connector is the
jack or connector number on an
interconnect cable or the jack or
connector number on the board within a
tray.

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-1

Figure 1-1: Brady Marker Identification

Drawing

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

1.3: Safety

The UHF transmitter systems
manufactured by Axcera are designed to
be easy to use and repair while providing
protection from electrical and mechanical
hazards. Please review the following
warnings and familiarize yourself with the
operation and servicing procedures
before working on the transmitter
system.

Read All safety Instructions – All of
the safety instructions should be read
and understood before operating this
equipment.

Retain Manuals – The manuals for the
transmitter should be retained at the
transmitter site for future reference.
Axcera provides two sets of manuals for
this purpose; one set can be left at the
office while one set can be kept at the
site.

Heed all Notes, Warnings, and
Cautions – All of the notes, warnings,

and cautions listed in this safety section
and throughout the manual must be
followed.

Follow Operating Instructions – All of
the operating and use instructions for the
transmitter should be followed.

Cleaning – Unplug or otherwise
disconnect all power from the equipment
before cleaning. Do not use liquid or
aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for
cleaning.

Ventilation – Openings in the cabinet
and module front panels are provided for
ventilation. To ensure the reliable
operation of the driver/transmitter, and
to protect the unit from overheating,
these openings must not be blocked.

Servicing – Do not attempt to service
this product yourself until becoming
familiar with the equipment. If in doubt,
refer all servicing questions to qualified
Axcera service personnel.

Replacement Parts – When
replacement parts are used, be sure that
the parts have the same functional and
performance characteristics as the
original part. Unauthorized substitutions
may result in fire, electric shock, or other
hazards. Please contact the Axcera
Technical Service Department if you have
any questions regarding service or
replacement parts.

1.4: Contact Information

The Axcera Field Service Department can
be contacted by phone at (724) 873-
8100 or by fax at [phone].

Before calling Axcera, please be prepared
to supply the Axcera technician with
answers to the following questions. This
will save time and help ensure the most
direct resolution to the problem.

1. What are the Customers’ Name
and call letters?

2. What are the model number and
type of transmitter?

3. Is the transmitter digital or
analog?

4. How long has the transmitter
been on the air? (Approximately
when was the transmitter
installed.)

5. What are the symptoms being
exhibited by the transmitter?
Include the current control/power
supply LCD readings and the
status of LEDs on the front
panels of the modules. If
possible, include the
control/power supply LCD
readings before the problem
occurred.

1.5: Return Material Procedure

To insure the efficient handling of
equipment or components that have been
returned for repair, Axcera requests that
each returned item be accompanied by a
Return Material Authorization Number
(RMA#).

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-2

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

The RMA# can be obtained from any
Axcera Field Service Engineer by
contacting the Axcera Field Service
Department at [phone] or by fax
at [phone]. This procedure
applies to all items sent to the Field
Service Department regardless of
whether the item was originally
manufactured by Axcera.

When equipment is sent to the field on
loan, an RMA# is included with the unit.
The RMA# is intended to be used when
the unit is returned to Axcera. In
addition, all shipping material should be
retained for the return of the unit to
Axcera.

Replacement assemblies are also sent
with an RMA# to allow for the proper
routing of the exchanged hardware.
Failure to close out this type of RMA# will
normally result in the customer being
invoiced for the value of the loaner item
or the exchanged assembly.

When shipping an item to Axcera, please
include the RMA# on the packing list and
on the shipping container. The packing
slip should also include contact
information and a brief description of why
the unit is being returned.

Please forward all RMA items to:

AXCERA, LLC
103 Freedom Drive
P.O. Box 525
Lawrence, PA 15055-0525 USA

For more information concerning this
procedure, call the Axcera Field Service
Department @ [phone].
Axcera can also be contacted through e­mail at [e-mail] and on the
Web at www.axcera.com.

1.6: Limited One Year Warranty for
Axcera Products

Axcera warrants each new product that
it has manufactured and sold against

defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service for a
period of one (1) year from the date of
shipment from Axcera's plant, when
operated in accordance with Axcera's
operating instructions. This warranty
shall not apply to tubes, fuses,
batteries, bulbs or LEDs.

Warranties are valid only when and if
(a) Axcera receives prompt written
notice of breach within the period of
warranty, (b) the defective product is
properly packed and returned by the
buyer (transportation and insurance
prepaid), and (c) Axcera determines, in
its sole judgment, that the product is
defective and not subject to any misuse,
neglect, improper installation,
negligence, accident, or (unless
authorized in writing by Axcera) repair
or alteration. Axcera's exclusive liability
for any personal and/or property
damage (including direct, consequential,
or incidental) caused by the breach of
any or all warranties, shall be limited to
the following: (a) repairing or replacing
(in Axcera's sole discretion) any
defective parts free of charge (F.O.B.
Axcera’s plant) and/or (b) crediting (in
Axcera's sole discretion) all or a portion
of the purchase price to the buyer.

Equipment furnished by Axcera, but not
bearing its trade name, shall bear no
warranties other than the special hours­of-use or other warranties extended by
or enforceable against the manufacturer
at the time of delivery to the buyer.

NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER
STATUTORY, EXPRESSED, OR
IMPLIED, AND NO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR
FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT,
OR THE LIKE, OTHER THAN AS
SPECIFIED IN PATENT LIABILITY
ARTICLES, AND IN THIS ARTICLE,
SHALL APPLY TO THE EQUIPMENT
FURNISHED HEREUNDER.

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-3

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

F WA RNING!!!

× HIGH VOLTAGE Ø

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR OR TROUBLESHOOT THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS
YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS OPERATION AND EXPERIENCED IN
SERVICING HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT. LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT
WHEN POWER IS APPLIED TO THIS SYSTEM. IF POSSIBLE, TURN OFF
POWER BEFORE MAKING ADJUSTMENTS TO THE SYSTEM.

« RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION HAZARD «

MICROWAVE, RF AMPLIFIERS AND TUBES GENERATE HAZARDOUS RF
RADIATION THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY INCLUDING CATARACTS,
WHICH CAN RESULT IN BLINDNESS. SOME CARDIAC PACEMAKERS MAY BE
AFFECTED BY THE RF ENERGY EMITTED BY RF AND MICROWAVE
AMPLIFIERS. NEVER OPERATE THE TRANSMITTER SYSTEM WITHOUT A
PROPERLY MATCHED RF ENERGY ABSORBING LOAD ATTACHED. KEEP
PERSONNEL AWAY FROM OPEN WAVEGUIDES AND ANTENNAS. NEVER
LOOK INTO AN OPEN WAVEGUIDE OR ANTENNA. MONITOR ALL PARTS OF
THE RF SYSTEM FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS.

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-4

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

EMERGENCY FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS

Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment are urged to become
familiar with the following rules both in theory and practice. It is the duty of all operating personnel to be
prepared to give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.

RESCUE BREATHING

1. Find out if the person is
breathing.

You must find out if the person
has stopped breathing. If you
think he is not breathing, place
him flat on his back. Put your ear
close to his mouth and look at his
chest. If he is breathing you can
feel the air on your cheek. You
can see his chest move up and
down. If you do not feel the air
or see the chest move, he is not
breathing.

2. If he is not breathing, open
the airway by tilting his head
backwards.

Lift up his neck with one hand
and push down on his forehead
with the other. This opens the
airway. Sometimes doing this will
let the person breathe again by
himself.

SKIN REDDENED: Apply ice cold water to burned
area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin
tissue. Cover area with a clean sheet or cloth to
keep away air. Consult a physician.

SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED: Apply
ice cold water to burned area to prevent burn from
going deeper into skin tissue.

3. If he is still not breathing,
begin rescue breathing.

-Keep his head tilted backward.
Pinch nose shut.

-Put your mouth tightly over his
mouth.

-Blow into his mouth once every
five seconds

-DO NOT STOP rescue breathing
until help arrives.

LOOSEN CLOTHING - KEEP
WARM

Do this when the victim is
breathing by himself or help is
available. Keep him as quiet as
possible and from becoming
chilled. Otherwise treat him for
shock.

BURNS

Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away
air. Treat victim for shock and take to hospital.

EXTENSIVE BURN - SKIN BROKEN: Cover area
with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat
victim for shock and take to hospital.

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-5

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

dBm, dBw, dBmV, dBµV, & VOLTAGE

EXPRESSED IN WATTS

50 Ohm System

WATTS PREFIX dBm dBw dBmV dBµV VOLTAGE
1,000,000,000,000 1 TERAWATT +150 +120
100,000,000,000 100 GIGAWATTS +140 +110
10,000,000,000 10 GIGAWATTS +130 +100
1,000,000,000 1 GIGAWATT +120 + 99
100,000,000 100 MEGAWATTS +110 + 80
10,000,000 10 MEGAWATTS +100 + 70
1,000,000 1 MEGAWATT + 90 + 60
100,000 100 KILOWATTS + 80 + 50
10,000 10 KILOWATTS + 70 + 40
1,000 1 KILOWATT + 60 + 30
100 1 HECTROWATT + 50 + 20
50 + 47 + 17
20 + 43 + 13
10 1 DECAWATT + 40 + 10
1 1 WATT + 30 0 + 77 +137 7.07V

0.1 1 DECIWATT + 20 - 10 + 67 +127 2.24V

0.01 1 CENTIWATT + 10 - 20 + 57 +117 0.707V

0.001 1 MILLIWATT 0 - 30 + 47 +107 224mV

0.0001 100 MICROWATTS - 10 - 40

0.00001 10 MICROWATTS - 20 - 50

0.000001 1 MICROWATT - 30 - 60

0.0000001 100 NANOWATTS - 40 - 70

0.00000001 10 NANOWATTS - 50 - 80

0.000000001 1 NANOWATT - 60 - 90

0.0000000001 100 PICOWATTS - 70 -100

0.00000000001 10 PICOWATTS - 80 -110

0.000000000001 1 PICOWATT - 90 -120

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION

°F = 32 + [(9/5) °C]

°C = [(5/9) (°F - 32)]

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-6

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS

TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY

mile (US statute) kilometer (km) 1.609347
inch (in) millimeter (mm) 25.4
inch (in) centimeter (cm) 2.54
inch (in) meter (m) 0.0254
foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048
yard (yd) meter (m) 0.9144
mile per hour (mph) kilometer per hour(km/hr) 1.60934
mile per hour (mph) meter per second (m/s) 0.44704
pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.4535924
gallon (gal) liter 3.7854118
U.S. liquid
(One U.S. gallon equals 0.8327 Canadian gallon)
fluid ounce (fl oz) milliliters (ml) 29.57353
British Thermal Unit watt (W) 0.2930711
per hour (Btu/hr)
horsepower (hp) watt (W) 746

NOMENCLATURE OF FREQUENCY BANDS

FREQUENCY RANGE DESIGNATION
3 to 30 kHz VLF - Very Low Frequency

30 to 300 kHz LF - Low Frequency
300 to 3000 kHz MF - Medium Frequency
3 to 30 MHz HF - High Frequency
30 to 300 MHz VHF - Very High Frequency
300 to 3000 MHz UHF - Ultrahigh Frequency
3 to 30 GHz SHF - Superhigh Frequency
30 to 300 GHz EHF - Extremely High Frequency

LETTER DESIGNATIONS FOR UPPER FREQUENCY

BANDS

LETTER FREQ. BAND

L 1000 - 2000 MHz
S 2000 - 4000 MHz
C 4000 - 8000 MHz
X 8000 - 12000 MHz
Ku 12 - 18 GHz
K 18 - 27 GHz
Ka 27 - 40 GHz
V 40 - 75 GHz
W 75 - 110 GHz

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-7

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60

-70

N

dB

RETURN LOSS VS. VSWR

R
E
T
U
R

L
O
S
S

1.001 1.01 1.1 2.0

VSWR

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-8

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction

ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS

AC Alternating Current
AFC Automatic Frequency Control
ALC Automatic Level Control
AM Amplitude modulation
AGC Automatic Gain Control
AWG American wire gauge
BER Bit Error Rate
BW Bandwidth
DC Direct Current
D/A Digital to analog
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DTV Digital Television
dB Decibel
dBm Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt
dBmV Decibel referenced to 1 millivolt
dBw Decibel referenced to 1 watt
FEC Forward Error Correction

FM Frequency modulation
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
Hz Hertz
ICPM Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation
I/P Input
IF Intermediate Frequency
LED Light emitting diode
LSB Lower Sideband
MPEG Motion Pictures Expert Group
O/P Output
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PCB Printed circuit board
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and

Television Engineers
VSB Vestigial Side Band

LX Series, Rev. 1 1-9

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,

A3 A5 A4 A6

Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

Chapter 2

System Description, Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

Figure 2-1: Driver/Amplifier Front View

Table 2-1: LX Series Modules and Assemblies

ASSEMBLY DESIGNATOR

TRAY/ASSEMBLY NAME PART NUMBER

Exciter Amplifier Chassis
Assembly, LX Series

Backplane Board 1301941
A3 IF Processor Module 1301938
A4 Control/Power Supply Module 1303229 (220 VAC)
A5 LO/Upconverter Module 1301930
A6 Driver Power Amplifier Module 1303874

2.0 System Overview

The digital transmitters in the Innovator
LX Series are complete UHF Digital
internally diplexed modular television
transmitters that operate at a nominal
DTV output power of 5 to 50 watts.

The LX Series can also be used as a
driver for external power amplifiers. The
output power of the driver is determined
by the level needed to attain the full
output power of the transmitter.

The Digital LX Series driver/transmitter is
made up of the modules and assemblies
as listed in Table 2-1.

1303228 (220 VAC)

2.1 Exciter Amplifier Chassis
Assembly, 220 VAC (1303228;
Appendix A)

The chassis assembly is factory set for
operation using 220 VAC. All of the
modules except the power amplifier
module and the power supply section of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module, plug directly into a backplane
board. The backplane board provides
module to module interconnection as well
as interconnection to remote command
and control connectors.

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-1

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

2.1.1 (A3) IF Processor Module
Assembly (1301938; Appendix A)

The (A3) IF Processor Assembly contains
the IF Processor Board (1301977). The IF
Processor provides pre-correction to
ensure broadcast quality output signal.
The pre-correction consists of amplitude
linearity correction, Incidental Carrier
Phase Modulation (ICPM) correction and
frequency response correction.

The IF Processor module is configured
either for an analog or digital system.
Pin 13C of the IF Processor module is
grounded in analog systems and left not
connected in digital systems. An IF
Processor Interlock signal is used to
report the presence of the IF Processor
module to the Control Monitoring board.
If the IF Processor interlock signal is not
present, the LX Series
Transmitter/Exciter Driver RF output is
Muted (turned off). If an analog IF
Processor module is installed and the
Modulation Present signal is not true,
the LX Series Transmitter/Exciter Driver
output is Muted (turned off).

The Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
module uses the IF Processor module for
System output power control. Through
the front panel display or a remote
interface, an operator can set the RF
output power level of the transmitter.
The range of RF power adjustment is
between 0% (full off) and 105% (full
power plus). A front panel IF Processor
module potentiometer sets the upper
limit of RF power at 120%. The
system's Control Monitoring board
compares the RF Power Monitoring

module RF power level with the desired
level and uses the IF Power Control PWM
line to correct for errors.

In digital systems, a digital level control
(DLC) voltage is generated on the IF
Processor module and sent to an
external digital modulator (DT1B/C). RF
power control is implemented by
changing the DLC voltage provided to
the external digital modulator. The 'RF
High' potentiometer sets the upper
adjusted range of RF control circuit
output to 120%.

The IF Processor module provides a
reference ALC voltage to the system's
Upconverter. When the ALC voltage
decreases, the Upconverter
automatically lowers the system output
power through the AGC circuits.

The IF Processor module has a front
panel switch to select Auto or Manual
ALC. When Manual ALC is selected, the
reference ALC voltage is set by a front
panel potentiometer. In this condition,
the RF power level control circuit is
removed from use. When the ALC select
switch is changed to Auto, the RF power
level control circuit will start at low
power and increase the RF output until
the desired output power is attained.

The IF Processor module Modulation
Present signal is monitored. If the
modulation level is too low or non­existent, a Modulation Present Fault is
reported to the Control Monitoring
board. When the controller detects this
fault, it can be set to Automatically Mute
the transmitter or in Manual mode the
transmitter will continue to operate at
25% output.

The IF Processor module Input Signal
level is monitored. If the signal level is
too low or non-existent, an Input Fault
is reported on the Control Monitoring
board. When the IF Processor board
detects an Input Signal Fault it
automatically Mutes the transmitter.
The system controller does not Mute on
an IF Processor Input Fault.

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-2

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

Table 2-2: IF Processor Front Panel Switch

SWITCH FUNCTION

When Manual ALC is selected, the reference ALC voltage is set
by the ALC Gain front panel potentiometer.

MAN/AUTO ALC

Table 2-3: IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators

LED FUNCTION

INPUT FAULT (Red)

ALC Fault (Red)

MUTE (Red)

Table 2-4: IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments

POTENTIOMETERS

FREQUENCY

RESPONSE

EQUALIZER

ALC GAIN

MAN GAIN

LINEARITY

CORRECTION

Table 2-5: IF Processor Front Panel Sample

SMA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION

IF SAMPLE Sample of the pre-corrected IF output of the IF Processor

When Auto ALC is selected, the IF level control circuit will
automatically increase the IF output until the desired output
power is attained.

When lit it indicates that there is a loss of the IF Input signal to the
IF Processor. Transmitter can be set to Mute on an IF Input Fault.
When lit it indicates that the required gain to produce the desired
output power level has exceeded the operational range of the ALC
circuit. The LED will also be lit when ALC is in Manual.
When lit it indicates that the IF input signal is cut back but the
enable to the Power Supply is present and the +32 VDC remains on.

DESCRIPTION

These three variable resistors, R103, R106 & R274, adjust the
depth of gain for the three stages of frequency response correction.

Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Auto ALC position.
Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Manual ALC position.
These three variable resistors adjust the threshold cut in for the
three stages of linearity pre-correction. R211 and R216, the top
two pots, are adjusted to correct for in phase amplitude distortions.
R 231, the bottom pot, is adjusted to correct for quadrature phase
distortions.

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-3

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

2.1.2 (A5) LO/Upconverter Module
Assembly (1301930; Appendix A)

The (A5) LO/Upconverter Module
Assembly contains a front panel LED
display board (1303033), a UHF Filter
(1007-1101), a UHF Generator Board
(1585-1265) and a LO/Upconverter
Assembly (1303039). The
LO/Upconverter Assembly contains the
LO/Upconverter Board (1302132).

The LX Series Upconverter converts an
IF input signal to a RF output signal on
the desired channel frequency using a
high stability oven controlled oscillator
with very low phase noise and an
Automatic Level Control (ALC) for stable
output signal level.

Several control voltages are used for
transmitter power control. Automatic
gain control (AGC) circuits set the RF
output level of the transmitter system.

AGC #1 is provided by the
Transmitter/Exciter Driver Power
Amplifier module. This voltage is used
by the Upconverter to maintain a
constant RF output level at the Power
Amplifier module output. If this voltage
exceeds 0.9 VDC, the system is in an
over-drive condition. The 0.9 VDC over­driver threshold is set by a front panel
Upconverter module potentiometer.
When an over-drive condition is
detected, the Upconverter module
reduces it’s RF output level. For values
less than 0.9 VDC, the Upconverter uses
the AGC #1 voltage for automatic gain
control by setting it's RF output to
maintain AGC #1 equal to the AGC

voltage set by another front panel
potentiometer. When the Upconverter is
set for manual gain, the RF output of the
Upconverter is set by the front panel
AGC potentiometer. In manual gain
operation, the AGC #1 feedback voltage
from the PA is not used to adjust the RF
level unless an over-drive condition is
detected.

AGC #2 is provided by each of the
optional external amplifier modules.
Diodes are used in each of the external
amplifier forward power circuits to
capture the highest detected sample
voltage. This voltage is used by the
Upconverter to maintain a constant RF
output of the system. As with AGC #1,
the Upconverter module reduces its RF
output level if AGC #2 is too high. AGC
#1 and ACG #2 are diode ORed together
in the Upconverter gain circuit. Both
AGC voltages are first reduced by an on­board potentiometer before being
amplified. If an over-drive condition
does not exist, the higher of the two
AGC voltages is used to control the
Upconverter gain circuit. An AFC Voltage
is generated to control the VCXO of the
UHF Generator portion of the
Upconverter module. The typical AFC
voltage is 0.5 VDC but it can be as high
as +1.5 VDC.

The Upconverter can operate using
either the internal 10 MHz source or a
10 MHz external reference signal. When
an external 10 MHz source is present on
J10, it is automatically selected. An
external reference present signal is
provided to the controller for display
purposes. The selected 10 MHz signal
from the Upconverter is buffered then
sent to the backplane on two ports. One
port is sent to the Modulator module, if
present, and the other is routed to a
BNC connector (J11) on the backplane
for a system 10 MHz output signal.

A National Semiconductor frequency
synthesizer IC is used in the frequency
conversion of the IF signal to a RF

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-4

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

signal. The frequency synthesizer IC
uses a 10 MHz reference frequency for
signal conversion. Typically the IF input
is a 0 dBm @ 44 MHz to the upconverter
through the backplane board is applied
to a mixer mounted on the first
conversion board.44 MHz for digital
systems. To obtain different output RF
frequencies, the synthesizer IC is serial
programmed by the Control Monitoring
board. The part is programmed to use a
5 kHz phase detection frequency. With
a 10 MHz input signal, the R counter is
set to 2000. With these settings the N
counter is set to the desired LO
frequency in kHz/5 kHz. The maximum
LO frequency setting with these
parameters is 1310.715 MHz.

Table 2-6: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Switch

SWITCH FUNCTION

When Manual AGC is selected, the reference AGC voltage is
set by the AGC Manual Gain front panel potentiometer.

MAN/AUTO AGC

Table 2-7: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicator

LED FUNCTION

AGC CUTBACK

(Red)

Table 2-8: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments

POTENTIOMETERS

MAN GAIN ADJ

AGC CUTBACK ADJ

(AGC OVERRIDE)

Table 2-9: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Samples

SMA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION

LO SAMPLE

RF SAMPLE Sample of the On Channel RF Output of the Upconverter

When Auto AGC is selected, the RF power level control circuit
will automatically increase the RF output until the desired
output power is attained.

When lit it indicates that the required gain to produce the desired
output power level has exceeded the level set by the AGC Cutback
(Override) adjust. Transmitter will cut back power to 25%

Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Manual AGC position.
Adjusts the point at which the transmitter will cut back in power
when the Transmitter is in the Auto AGC position.

Sample of the LO signal to the Upconverter as generated by the
UHF Generator Board.

Example:
For a Frequency RF Out = 517.125 MHz,

N = 517125 kHz/5 kHz = 103425
An Upconverter PLL Lock indicator is

used to insure that the frequency control
circuits are operating properly. When
the Upconverter PLL is locked, the
frequency synthesizer IC is programmed
and the Power Amplifier module(s) can
be enabled.

The RF output of the LO/Upconverter
Module is at J23 on the rear chassis.

DESCRIPTION

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-5

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

2.1.3 (A4) Control/Power Supply
Module Assembly, 220 VAC
(1303229; Appendix A)

The (A4) Control & Monitoring/Power
Supply Assembly is configured at the
factory for operation at 110 VAC or 220
VAC. The assembly made up of a Control
Board (1302021), a Power Protection

Table 2-10: Controller/Power Supply Display

DISPLAY FUNCTION

A 4 x 20 display providing a four-line readout of the internal

LCD

Table 2-11: Controller/Power Supply Status Indicator

LED FUNCTION

OPERATE

(green)

FAULT

(red or green)

DC OK

( red or green )

Table 2-12: Controller/Power Supply Control Adjustments

POTENTIOMETERS

DISPLAY CONTRAST Adjusts the contrast of the display for desired viewing of screen.

functions, external inputs, and status. See Chapter 3,
Controller/Power Supply Display Screens, for a listing of displays.

When lit it indicates that the transmitter is in the Operate Mode. If
transmitter is Muted the Operate LED will stay lit, the transmitter
will remain in Operate, until the input signal is returned.
Red indicates that a problem has occurred in the transmitter. The
transmitter will be Muted or placed in Standby until the problem is
corrected.
Green indicates that the switchable fuse protected DC outputs that
connect to the modules in the transmitter are OK.

Board (1302837) and a Switch Board
(1527-1406). The Assembly also
contains a switching power supply that
provides ±12 VDC to the rest of the
modules in the chassis and +32 VDC to
the Power Amplifier module.

The Assembly provides all transmitter
control and monitoring functions. The
Front panel LCD allows monitoring of
system parameters, including forward
and reflected power, transistor currents,
module temperatures and power supply
voltages.

DESCRIPTION

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-6

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

2.1.4 (A6) Driver Amplifier Module
Assembly (1303874; Appendix A)

The (A6) Power Amplifier Module
Assembly is made up of a Coupler Board
Assembly (1227-1316), an Amplifier
Control Board (1303682), a 1 Watt
Module Assembly (1302891), a 40W UHF
Module (1304490) and a RF Module Pallet
(1300116).

The Driver Power Amplifier Module
contains Broadband LDMOS amplifiers
that cover the entire UHF band with no
tuning required. They amplify the RF to
the power level, 3.5 Watts Average is
maximum, that is needed to drive the
external amplifiers to the output power
level of the transmitter.

The Driver Power Amplifier is used to
amplify the RF output of the
Upconverter module. A cable, located on
the rear chassis, connects the RF output
from the Upconverter at J23 to J24 the
RF input to the driver PA Assembly. This
module contains RF monitoring circuitry
for both an analog and a digital system.
Control and monitoring lines to the
Driver Power Amplifier module are
routed through the floating blind-mate
connector of the Control &
Monitoring/Power Supply module.

The Driver Power Amplifier module and
any External Amplifier modules contain
the same control and monitoring board.
This board monitors RF output power,
RF reflected power, the current draw of
amplifier sections, the supply voltage,
and the temperature of the PA heat sink.

The RF power detector circuit outputs
vary with operating frequency. These
circuits must be calibrated at their
intended operating frequency. Front
panel adjustment potentiometers are
used to calibrate the following:

Power Amplifier Calibration Adjustments
R201 Reflected Power Cal

R202 Forward Power Cal
R203 (NOT USED) Aural Power Cal
R205 (NOT USED) Aural Null

The Forward power of an Exciter Driver
Power Amplifier and the Forward power
of any external amplifiers, are reported
by the system Control Monitoring
module.

If the Control Monitoring module is
monitoring a 5-50 Watt Transmitter,
system power is measured in the Power
Amplifier module. The wired
connections are transferred through the
power supply connector to the
backplane board on a five position
header. All four positions of control
board switch SW1 must be set on to
route these lines as the system's RF
power signals. In systems of output
power greater than 50 Watts, system
power is monitored by an external
module that is connected to TB31. In
this configuration switches SW1 on the
control board must be set off.

The Forward Power of the Exciter Driver
Power Amplifier module is routed to the
Upconverter module as AGC #1. A
system over-drive condition is detected
when this value rises above 0.9 VDC.
When an over-drive condition is
detected, the Upconverter module
reduces its RF output level.
For values less than 0.9 VDC, the
Upconverter uses this voltage for
automatic gain.

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-7

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

Table 2-13: Driver Amplifier Status Indicator

LED FUNCTION

ENABLED

(Green)

DC OK

(Green)

TEMP

(Green)

MOD OK

(Green)

When lit Green, it indicates that the PA is in the Operate Mode. If a Mute
occurs, the PA will remain Enabled, until the input signal is returned.
When lit Green, it indicates that the fuse protected DC inputs to the PA
module are OK.
When lit Green, it indicates that the temperature of the heatsink
assembly in the module is below 78°C.
When lit Green, it indicates that the PA Module is operating and has no
faults.
If the Module OK LED is Red and blinking a fault is present, as indicated
below by the number of blinks and a pause then a repeat of the number
of blinks and a pause.

MOD OK

(Red)

1 Blink indicates Amplifier Current Fault.
2 Blinks indicate Temperature Fault.
3 Blinks indicate +32V Power Supply Over Voltage Fault.
4 Blinks indicate +32V Power Supply Under Voltage Fault.
5 Blinks indicate Reflected Power Fault.
6 Blinks indicate +12V or –12V Power Supply Fault.

MOD OK
(Amber)

A blinking Amber Mod OK LED indicates the power output of the amplifier
module is below 65%. (NOTE: Only in Amplifier Code Versions 3.7A or
later & System Controller Code Versions 3.9C or later.)

Table 2-14: Driver Amplifier Control Adjustments

POTENTIOMETERS

DESCRIPTION

REFLECTED CAL Adjusts the gain of the Reflected Power monitoring circuit

FORWARD CAL Adjusts the gain of the Forward Power monitoring circuit

AURAL CAL (NOT USED) Adjusts the gain of the Aural Power monitoring circuit

AURAL NULL

(NOT USED) Adjusts the offset of the Forward Power monitoring
circuit based on the Aural signal level.

Table 2-15: Driver Amplifier Sample

DISPLAY FUNCTION

FWD SAMPLE RF sample of the amplified signal being sent out the module on J25.

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-8

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

2.2 RF Output Assemblies

The RF output from the exciter power
amplifier is at the RF output jack, an “N”
connector J25, PA RF Output, of the
chassis assembly. If this assembly is
used as a driver the output connects to
the input of the PA Assembly or a splitter
for multiple PA Assemblies, mounted
beneath the Exciter Assembly. If this
assembly is used as a 5W to 50W
transmitter, then the output connects
directly to the bandpass filter for the
system.

The RF output of the transmitter is
typically connected to a low pass and
DTV mask filters mounted on the rear or
top of the cabinet assembly. The low
pass and DTV mask filters are tuned to
eliminate unwanted sideband and
harmonic frequencies.

2.3 Control and Status
The control and status readings of the

exciter/amplifier Chassis assembly are
found by operating the front panel
display screen on the front of the
assembly. Detailed information on the
use of the screens is found in chapter 3.

2.3.1 Front Panel Display Screens

A 4 x 20 display located on the front of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module is used in the LX Series
transmitter for control of the operation
and display of the operating parameters
of the transmitter. Refer to Chapter 3
for descriptions of the screens.

2.4 System Operation

When the transmitter is in operate, as set
by the menu screen located on the
Control & Monitoring Module, the
following occurs. The IF Processor will be
enabled and the mute indicator on the
front panel will be extinguished. The
+32 VDC stage of the Power Supply in

the Control & Monitoring Module is
enabled, the operate indicator on the
front panel is lit and the DC OK on the
front panel should also be green. The
enable and DC OK indicators on the PA
Module will also be green.

When the transmitter is in standby, the
IF Processor will be disabled, and the
mute indicator on the front panel will be
red. The +32 VDC stage of the Power
Supply in the Control & Monitoring
Module is disabled, the operate indicator
on the front panel will be extinguished
and the DC OK on the front panel should
remain green. The enable indicator on
the PA Module is also extinguished.

If the transmitter does not switch to
Operate when the operate menu is
switched to Operate, check that all faults
are cleared and that the remote control
terminal block stand-by signal is not
active.

The transmitter can be controlled by the
presence of an input signal. If the input
signal to the transmitter is lost, the
transmitter automatically cuts back and
the input fault indicator on the IF
Processor module lights. When the input
signal returns, the transmitter
automatically returns to full power and
the input fault indicator is extinguished.

2.4.1 Principles of Operation

Operating Modes

This transmitter is either operating or in
the standby mode. The sections below
discuss the characteristics of each of
these modes.

Operate Mode

Operate mode is the normal mode for
the transmitter when it is providing RF
power output. To provide RF power to
the output, the transmitter is not in
mute. Mute is a special case of the

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-9

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

operate mode where the +32 VDC
section of the power supply is enabled
but there is no RF output power from
the transmitter. This condition is the
result of a fault that causes the firmware
to hold the IF Processor module in a
mute state.

Operate Mode with Mute Condition

The transmitter will remain in the
operate mode but will be placed in mute
when the following fault conditions
exists in the transmitter.

• Upconverter is unlocked

• Upconverter module is not present

• IF Processor module is not present

Entering Operate Mode

Entering the operate mode can be
initiated a few different ways by the
transmitter control board. A list of the
actions that cause the operate mode to
be entered is given below:

• A low on the Remote Transmitter
Operate line.

• User selects "OPR" using switches
and menus of the front panel.

• Receipt of an “Operate CMD” over
the serial interface.

There are several fault or interlock
conditions that may exist in the
transmitter that will prevent the
transmitter from entering the operate
mode. These conditions are:

• Power Amplifier heat sink
temperature greater than 78°C.

• Transmitter is Muted due to
conditions listed above.

• Power Amplifier Interlock is high
indicating that the amplifier is not
installed.

Standby Mode

The standby mode in the transmitter
indicates that the output amplifier of the
transmitter is disabled.

Entering Standby Mode

Similar to the operate mode, the
standby mode is entered using various
means. These are:

• A low on the Remote Transmitter
Stand-By line.

• Depressing the “STB” key on
selected front panel menus.

• Receipt of a “Standby CMD” over the
serial interface.

Auto Standby Mode

The FCC requires that certain
transmitters automatically switch to
standby operation on loss of input. The
LX Series transmitter incorporates this
feature as a user configurable setting.
When Auto Stand-By on input loss is
selected in the set-up menus, the
transmitter temporarily switches to
standby after ten seconds of input loss.
When the input signal, as reported by
the IF Processor module, is again
present, the transmitter automatically
returns to the Operate mode. This
feature is implemented in transmitter
software versions 1.4 and above.

RF System Interlock

A RF System Interlock signal is provided
through TB30-5. When this signal's
circuit is completed to ground such as
through a wire between TB30-5 and
TB30-15, the transmitter is allowed to
operate. If this circuit is opened, the
transmitter switches to a Mute condition.
This circuit may be completed through
coax relay contacts and reject load
contact closures to assure the RF output
system is available to receive the
transmitter's output RF signal. This

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-10

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,

TB30

TB31

Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

feature is implemented in transmitter
software versions 1.4 and above.

2.5 Maintenance

The Innovator LX Series
Driver/Transmitter is designed with
components that require little or no
periodic maintenance except for the
routine cleaning of the fans and the front
panels of the modules.

The amount of time between cleanings
depends on the conditions within the
transmitter room. While the electronics
have been designed to function even if
covered with dust, a heavy buildup of
dust, dirt, or insects will affect the
cooling of the components. This could
lead to a thermal shutdown or the
premature failure of the affected module.

When the front panels of the modules
become dust covered, the module should
be pulled out and any accumulated
foreign material should be removed.
NOTE: In the power amplifier module the
two cables must be removed from the
rear of the module before attempting to
pull out. A vacuum cleaner, utilizing a
small, wand-type attachment, is an

excellent way to suction out the dirt.
Alcohol and other cleaning agents should
not be used unless you are certain that
the solvents will not damage components
or the silk-screened markings on the
modules and boards. Water-based
cleaners can be used, but do not saturate
the components. The fans and heatsinks
should be cleaned of all dust or dirt to
permit the free flow of air for cooling
purposes.

It is recommended that the operating
parameters of the driver/transmitter be
recorded from the LEDs on the modules
and the LCD system metering on the
control/monitoring module at least once
a month. It is suggested that this data be
retained in a rugged folder or envelope.

2.6 Customer Remote Connections

The remote monitoring and operation of
the transmitter is provided through jacks
TB30 and TB31 located on the rear of the
chassis assembly. If remote connections
are made to the transmitter, they must
be made through plugs TB30 and TB31
at positions noted on the transmitter
interconnect drawing and Table 2-16.

Figure 2-2: Exciter/Driver Chassis Assembly Rear View

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-11

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections

Table 2-16: LX Series Chassis Assembly Hard Wired Remote Interface Connections to
TB30 or TB31, 18 pos. Terminal Blocks Located on the Rear of the Assembly

Signal Name

RMT Transmitter
State

RMT Transmitter
Interlock

RMT Transmitter
Interlock
Isolated Return

RMT AUX IO 1 TB30-4

RMT RF System
Interlock

RMT
Transmitter
Operate
RMT
Transmitter
Stand-By

RMT Power
Raise

RMT Power
Lower

RMT
System Reflect
Power

RMT System
Visual/Forward
Power

RMT
System Aural
Power

Pin
Designations

TB30-1

TB30-2

TB30-3

TB30-5

TB30-6

TB30-7

TB30-8

TB30-9

TB30-10

TB30-11

TB30-12

Signal Type/Description

Discrete Open Collector Output - A low indicates that the
transmitter is in the operate mode.
Discrete Open Collector Output - A low indicated the
transmitter is OK or completes an interlock daisy chain.
When the transmitter is not faulted, the interlock circuit
is completed.
Ground - Configurable ground return which can be either
jumpered directly to ground or it can be the “source” pin
of an FET so that the transmitter interlock can be daisy
chained with other transmitters. This signal does not
directly interface to the microcontroller.
Discrete Open Collector Inputs, Discrete Open Drain
Outputs, or 0 - 5 VDC Analog Input - When used as an
output, this line is pulled to +5 VDC with a 1.0 kO
resistor for logic high and pulled to ground for a low. A
diode allows this line to be pulled up to 12 VDC. When
used as a digital input, this line considers all values over
2 Volts as high and those under 1 volt as low. As an
analog input, this line is protected by a 5.1 zener diode.
When this signal's circuit is completed to ground the
transmitter is allowed to operate. Typically, a jumper is
connected from TB30-5 and TB30-15. If this circuit is
opened, the transmitter switches to a Mute condition.
Implemented in transmitter software versions 1.4 and
above. (See note at end of table)
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter is to be placed into
the operate mode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter is to be placed into
the standby mode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter power is to be
raised.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter power is to be
lowered.
Analog Output (0 to 4.0 V). This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Reflected Power” and
indicates the transmitter's reflected output power. The
scale factor is 25%/3.2V.
Analog Output (0 to 4.0 V). This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Visual/Avg. Power”.
Indicates the transmitter's Visual / Average power. Scale
factor is 100%/3.2V.
Analog Output (0 to 4.0 V). This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Aural Power”.
Indicates the transmitter's forward Aural output power.
The scale factor is 100%/3.2V.

LX Series, Rev. 1 2-12