UBS Axcera LLV20AT User Manual
Instruction Manual
Innovator® LX Series
Analog VHF Low Band
Transmitter
AXCERA
103 FREEDOM DRIVE • P.O. BOX 525 • LAWRENCE, PA 15055-0525 USA
(724) 873-8100 • FAX (724) 873-8105
www.axcera.com • service@axcera.com
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
SECTION PAGE
1.1 Manual Overview...................................................................................1-1
1.2 Assembly Designators............................................................................1-1
1.3 Safety..................................................................................................1-2
1.4 Contact Information...............................................................................1-2
1.5 Material Return Procedure ......................................................................1-2
1.6 Limited One-Year Warranty for Axcera Products........................................1-3
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTIONS
2.0 System Overview..................................................................................2-1
2.1 Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly.........................................................2-1
2.1.1 Modulator Module.........................................................................2-2
2.1.2 IF Processor Module .....................................................................2-3
2.1.3 Upconverter Module......................................................................2-4
2.1.4 Control & Monitoring/Power Supply Module.....................................2-6
2.1.5 VHF Power Amplifier Module..........................................................2-7
2.1.5 VHF Power Amplifier Module..........................................................2-7
2.1.6 RF Output....................................................................................2-8
2.2 Control and Status.................................................................................2-8
2.2.1 Front Panel LCD Display Screens....................................................2-8
2.3 System Operation..................................................................................2-8
2.3.1 Principles of Operation..................................................................2-9
2.4 Maintenance .......................................................................................2-10
2.5 Customer Remote Connections .............................................................2-11
CHAPTER 3 SITE CONSIDERATIONS, INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES
3.1 Site Considerations................................................................................3-1
3.2 Unpacking & Installing the Transmitter ....................................................3-4
3.2.1 AC Input .....................................................................................3-5
3.3 Setup and Operation..............................................................................3-5
3.3.1 Input Connections........................................................................3-5
3.4 Initial Turn On.......................................................................................3-6
3.4.1 Exciter/Driver Front Panel LED Indicators........................................3-6
3.4.1.1 Modulator Module LEDs on Front Panel ..................................3-6
3.4.1.2 IF Processor Module LEDs on Front Panel...............................3-7
3.4.1.3 Upconverter Module LEDs on Front Panel...............................3-7
3.4.1.4 Controller Module LEDs on Front Panel ..................................3-7
3.4.1.5 Power Amplifier Module LEDs on Front Panel..........................3-7
3.4.2 Front Panel Screens for the Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly.........3-7
3.4.3 Operation Procedure...................................................................3-15
CHAPTER 4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS
4.0 Exciter/Driver Chassis Assembly .............................................................4-1
4.1 Modulator Module..................................................................................4-1
4.1.1 Analog Modulator Board................................................................4-1
4.1.1.1 Mono, Balanced Audio Input.................................................4-1
4.1.1.2 Stereo, Composite Audio Input.............................................4-1
LX Series, Rev. 0 i August 2, 2006
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SECTION PAGE
4.1.1.3 SAP/PRO, Subcarrier Audio Input..........................................4-2
4.1.1.4 Audio Modulation of the 4.5 MHz VCO ..................................4-2
4.1.1.5 Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Circuit...............................................4-2
4.1.1.6 Main Video Signal Path (Part 1 of 2)......................................4-3
4.1.1.7 Delay Equalizer Circuits .......................................................4-3
4.1.1.8 Sync Tip Clamp Circuit.........................................................4-4
4.1.1.9 Main Video Signal Path (Part 2 of 2)......................................4-5
4.1.1.10 45.75 MHz Oven Oscillator Circuit .......................................4-5
4.1.1.11 Visual Modulator Circuit .....................................................4-6
4.1.1.12 Aural Modulator Circuit ......................................................4-6
4.1.1.13 Visual IF loop thru path......................................................4-6
4.1.1.14 Voltage Requirements........................................................4-7
4.2 IF Processor Module...............................................................................4-7
4.2.1 IF Processor Board .......................................................................4-7
4.2.1.1 Modulator Selected..............................................................4-7
4.2.1.2 External Modulated IF Selected.............................................4-7
4.2.1.3 Main IF Signal Path (Part 1 of 3)...........................................4-7
4.2.1.4 Input Level Detector Circuit..................................................4-8
4.2.1.5 Pin-Diode Attenuator Circuit.................................................4-9
4.2.1.6 Main IF Signal Path (Part 2 of 3).........................................4-10
4.2.1.7 Amplitude and Phase Pre-Correction Circuits........................4-10
4.2.1.8 Main IF Signal Path (Part 3 of 3).........................................4-11
4.2.1.9 ALC Circuit .......................................................................4-11
4.2.1.10 Fault Command...............................................................4-12
4.2.1.11 ±12 VDC needed to operate Board....................................4-13
4.3 Upconverter Module.............................................................................4-13
4.3.1 Downconverter Board .................................................................4-13
4.3.2 L-Band PLL Board.......................................................................4-13
4.3.3 First Conversion Board................................................................4-14
4.3.4 Upconverter Control Board ..........................................................4-14
4.4 Control Monitoring/Power Supply Module ...............................................4-15
4.4.1 Power Protection Board...............................................................4-15
4.4.1.1 +12 VDC Circuits ..............................................................4-15
4.4.1.2 -12 VDC Circuits ...............................................................4-16
4.4.2 Control Board ............................................................................4-16
4.4.2.1 Schematic Page 1..............................................................4-16
4.4.2.2 Schematic Page 2..............................................................4-17
4.4.2.3 Schematic Page 3..............................................................4-17
4.4.2.4 Schematic Page 4..............................................................4-17
4.4.2.5 Schematic Page 5..............................................................4-18
4.4.3 Switch Board .............................................................................4-18
4.4.4 Switching Power Supply Assembly................................................4-19
4.8 Power Amplifier Assembly, VHF Low Band .............................................4-19
4.8.1 VHF Low Band Assembly.............................................................4-19
4.8.2 VHF Low Band Amplifier Pallet Board............................................4-20
4.8.3 VHF Coupler Board Assembly.......................................................4-20
4.8.4 Amplifier Control Board...............................................................4-20
4.8.4.1 Schematic Page 1..............................................................4-21
4.8.4.2 Schematic Page 2..............................................................4-21
4.8.4.3 Current Monitoring Sections of the Board.............................4-22
LX Series, Rev. 0 ii August 2, 2006
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SECTION PAGE
4.8.4.4 Schematic Page 3..............................................................4-22
CHAPTER 5 DETAILED ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES
5.1 Module Replacement..............................................................................5-1
5.1.1 Initial Test Setup..........................................................................5-1
5.2 Innovator LX Series Exciter/Driver Chassis Assembly ................................5-1
5.2.1 Modulator Module Assembly ..........................................................5-2
5.2.2 IF Processor Module Assembly.......................................................5-3
5.2.3 Upconverter Assembly..................................................................5-3
5.2.4 Setting up the Drive Level of the Transmitter Procedure...................5-3
5.3 Linearity Correction Adjustment..............................................................5-4
5.4 Differential Phase and ICPM Corrector Adjustment ....................................5-6
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A LX SERIES VHF LOW BAND TRANSMITTER
DRAWINGS
APPENDIX B SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
LX Series, Rev. 0 iii August 2, 2006
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1-1 Brady Marker Identification Drawing.................................................1-1
2-1 Exciter/Driver Chassis Assembly Front View ......................................2-1
2-2 Exciter/Driver Chassis Assembly Rear View .....................................2-11
3-1 1 kW Minimum Ventilation Configuration...........................................3-4
3-2 Rear View exciter/driver chassis.......................................................3-5
5-1 Adjustments accessed through top of LX Exciter Chassis ....................5-5
LX Series, Rev. 0 iv August 2, 2006
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2-1 LX Series Trays and Assemblies.......................................................2-1
2-2 Modulator Front Panel Switch...........................................................2-2
2-3 Modulator Front Panel Status Indicators............................................2-2
2-4 Modulator Front Panel Control Adjustments.......................................2-3
2-5 Modulator Front Panel Sample .........................................................2-3
2-6 IF Processor Front Panel Switch .......................................................2-4
2-7 IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators ........................................2-4
2-8 IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments....................................2-4
2-9 IF Processor Front Panel Sample......................................................2-4
2-10 Upconverter Front Panel Switch .......................................................2-5
2-11 Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicators ........................................2-5
2-12 Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments....................................2-5
2-13 Upconverter Front Panel Samples.....................................................2-5
2-14 Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Display .....................................2-6
2-15 Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Status Indicators .......................2-6
2-16 Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Control Adjustments...................2-6
2-17 Power Amplifier Front Panel Status Indicators....................................2-8
2-18 Power Amplifier Front Panel Control Adjustments...............................2-8
2-19 Power Amplifier Front Panel Samples................................................2-8
2-20 LX Series Chassis Customer Remote Connections.................... 2-12
3-1 Rear Chassis Connections for LX Series Analog Transmitters...............3-5
LX System Controller Menu Screens ...................................................................3-8
3-2 Menu 01 Splash Screen #1..............................................................3-8
3-3 Menu 02 Splash Screen #2..............................................................3-8
3-4 Menu 10 Main Screen ..................................................................3-8
3-5 Menu 11 Error List Access Screen..................................................3-8
3-6 Menu 12 Transmitter Device Data Access Screen.............................3-9
3-7 Menu 13 Transmitter Configuration Access Screen...........................3-9
3-8 Menu 20 Error List Display Screen.................................................3-9
3-9 Menu 30 Transmitter Device Details Screen....................................3-9
3-10 Menu 30-1 System Details Screens..............................................3-10
3-11 Transmitter Device Parameters Detail Screens..............................3-10
3-12 Menu 40 Authorized Personnel Screen .........................................3-11
3-13 Menu 40-1 Transmitter Set Up: Power Control Screen ...................3-12
3-14 Menu 40-3 Transmitter Set Up: Model Select Screen .....................3-12
3-15 Menu 40-4 Transmitter Set Up: Upconverter Channel Select Screen 3-12
3-16 Menu 40-5 Transmitter Set Up: Serial Address Screen...................3-12
3-17 Menu 40-6 Transmitter Set Up: Station ID Screen ...........................3-12
3-18 Menu 40-7 Transmitter Set Up: System Forward Power Cal. Screen...3-13
3-19 Menu 40-9 Transmitter Set Up: System Rfltd. Power Cal. Screen ......3-13
3-20 Menu 40-11 Transmitter Set Up: Modulated Output Cal. Screen........3-13
3-21 Menu 40-12 Transmitter Set Up: Aural Deviation Screen ..................3-13
3-22 Menu 40-13 Transmitter Set Up: Min Fw Pwr Fault Threshold Screen.3-14
3-23 Menu 40-14 Transmitter Set Up: Refl Power Fault Threshold Screen 3-14
3-24 Menu 40-17 Transmitter Set Up: Auto Standby Control Screen .......3-14
3-25 Menu 40-18 Transmitter Set Up: Inner Loop Gain Control Screen....3-14
3-26 Menu 40-19 Transmitter Set Up: Remote Command Control Screen 3-57
LX Series, Rev. 0 v August 2, 2006
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
This manual provides information about
and documentation on the Innovator®
LX Series Analog VHF Low Band
Transmitter.
It is important that any user of this
equipment read all of the instructions,
especially the safety information in this
chapter, before operating the
transmitter.
1.1 Manual Overview
This instruction manual is divided into
five chapters and the supporting
appendix. Chapter 1, Introduction,
contains information on safety, return
procedures, and warranties. Chapter 2
contains the system and assembly
descriptions. Chapter 3 describes the
installation and set up procedures and
the operation of the overall transmitter.
Chapter 4 contains the detailed circuit
descriptions of the boards and
subassemblies that are contained in the
transmitter. Chapter 5 describes the
alignment of the overall transmitter.
Appendix A contains the interconnects,
schematics and assembly drawings of the
system, trays, assemblies, subassemblies
and boards that make up the transmitter.
1.2 Assembly Designators
Axcera has assigned assembly numbers,
Ax designations such as A1, where
x=1,2,3…etc, to all assemblies, modules,
and boards in the system. These
designations are referenced in the text of
this manual and shown on the block
diagrams and interconnect drawings
provided in the appendices. The Block
Diagrams, Interconnects, Schematics,
Assembly Drawings and Parts Lists are
arranged in increasing numerical order in
the appendices. Section titles in the text
for assembly or module descriptions or
alignment procedures contain the
associated part number(s) and the
relevant appendix that contains the
drawings for that item.
The cables that connect between the
boards within a tray or assembly and
that connect between the trays, racks
and cabinets are labeled using Brady
markers.
Figure 1-1 is an example of a Brady
marked cable. There may be as few as
two or as many as four Markers on any
one cable. These Brady markers are
read starting furthest from the
connector. If there are four Brady
Markers, this marker is the transmitter
number such as transmitter 1 or
Transmitter 2. The next or the furthest
Brady Marker is the rack or cabinet
number on an interconnect cable or the
board number within a tray. The next
number on an interconnect cable is the
Tray location or number. The Brady
marker closest to the connector is the
Jack or Connector number on an
interconnect cable or the jack or
connector number on the board within a
tray.
Figure 1-1 Brady Marker Identification Drawing
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-1
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
1.3 Safety
Products manufactured by Axcera are
designed to be easy to use and repair
while providing protection from electrical
and mechanical hazards. Listed
throughout the manual are notes,
cautions, and warnings concerning
possible safety hazards that may be
encountered while operating or servicing
the product. Please review these
warnings and familiarize yourself with the
operation and servicing procedures
before working on the product.
Read All Instructions – All of the
operating and safety instructions should
be read and understood before operating
this equipment.
Retain Manuals – The manuals for the
equipment should be retained at the site
in which the equipment is operating for
future reference. We provide two sets of
manuals for this purpose; one set can be
left at the office while one set can be
kept at the site.
Heed all Notes, Warnings, and
Cautions – All of the notes, warnings,
and cautions listed in this safety section
and throughout the manual must be
followed.
Follow Instructions – All of the
operating and use instructions for the
product should be followed.
Cleaning – Unplug or otherwise
disconnect all power from the equipment
before cleaning. Do not use liquid or
aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for
cleaning.
Servicing – Do not attempt to service
this product yourself until becoming
familiar with the equipment. If in doubt,
refer all servicing questions to qualified
Axcera service personnel.
Replacement Parts – When
replacement parts are needed, be sure
that the parts have the same functional
and performance characteristics as the
original part. Unauthorized substitutions
may result in fire, electric shock, or other
hazards. Please contact the Axcera
Technical Service Department if you have
any questions regarding service or
replacement parts.
1.4 Contact Information
The Axcera Field Service Department can
be contacted by phone at (724) 873-
8100 or by fax at (724) 873-8105.
Before calling Axcera, please be prepared
to supply the Axcera technician with
answers to the following questions. This
will save time and help ensure the most
direct resolution to the problem.
1. What are the Customers’ Name
and call letters?
2. What are the model number and
type of transmitter?
3. Is the transmitter digital or
analog?
4. How long has the transmitter
been on the air? (Approximately
when was the transmitter
installed.)
5. What are the symptoms being
exhibited by the transmitter?
Include the current control/power
supply LCD readings and the
status of LEDs on the front
panels of the modules. If
possible, include the
control/power supply LCD
readings before the problem
occurred.
1.5 Material Return Procedure
To insure the efficient handling of
equipment or components that have been
returned for repair, Axcera requests that
each returned item be accompanied by a
Material Return Authorization Number
(MRA#).
An MRA# can be obtained from any
Axcera Service Engineer by contacting
the Axcera Technical Service Department
at (724) 873-8100 or by fax at (724)
873-8105. This procedure applies to all
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-2
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
items sent to the Technical Service
Department regardless of whether the
item was originally manufactured by
Axcera.
When equipment is sent to the field on
loan, an MRA# is included with the unit.
The MRA# is intended to be used when
the unit is returned to Axcera. In
addition, all shipping material should be
retained for the return of the unit to
Axcera.
Replacement assemblies are also sent
with an MRA# to allow for the proper
routing of the exchanged hardware.
Failure to close out this type of MRA# will
normally result in the customer being
invoiced for the value of the loaner item
or the exchange assembly.
When shipping an item to Axcera, please
include the MRA# on the packing list and
on the Axcera-provided shipping
container. The packing slip should also
include contact information and a brief
description of why the unit is being
returned.
Please forward all MRA items to:
Axcera
Customer Service Department
103 Freedom Drive
P.O. Box 525
Lawrence, PA 15055-0525 USA
For more information, concerning this
procedure, call the Axcera Technical
Service Department.
Axcera can also be contacted through email at service@axcera.com and on the
Web at www.axcera.com.
1.6 Limited One-Year Warranty for
Axcera Products
Axcera warrants each new product that
it has manufactured and sold against
defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service for a
period of one (1) year from the date of
shipment from Axcera's plant, when
operated in accordance with Axcera's
operating instructions. This warranty
shall not apply to tubes, fuses,
batteries, or bulbs.
Warranties are valid only when and if
(a) Axcera receives prompt written
notice of breach within the period of
warranty, (b) the defective product is
properly packed and returned by the
buyer (transportation and insurance
prepaid), and (c) Axcera determines, in
its sole judgment, that the product is
defective and not subject to any misuse,
neglect, improper installation,
negligence, accident, or (unless
authorized in writing by Axcera) repair
or alteration. Axcera's exclusive liability
for any personal and/or property
damage (including direct, consequential,
or incidental) caused by the breach of
any or all warranties, shall be limited to
the following: (a) repairing or replacing
(in Axcera's sole discretion) any
defective parts free of charge (F.O.B.
Axcera’s plant) and/or (b) crediting (in
Axcera's sole discretion) all or a portion
of the purchase price to the buyer.
Equipment furnished by Axcera, but not
bearing its trade name, shall bear no
warranties other than the special hoursof-use or other warranties extended by
or enforceable against the manufacturer
at the time of delivery to the buyer.
NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER
STATUTORY, EXPRESSED, OR
IMPLIED, AND NO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR
FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT,
OR THE LIKE, OTHER THAN AS
SPECIFIED IN PATENT LIABILITY
ARTICLES, AND IN THIS ARTICLE,
SHALL APPLY TO THE EQUIPMENT
FURNISHED HEREUNDER.
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-3
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
F WARNING!!!
× HIGH VOLTAGE Ø
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR OR TROUBLESHOOT THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS
YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS OPERATION AND EXPERIENCED IN
SERVICING HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT. LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT
WHEN POWER IS APPLIED TO THIS SYSTEM. IF POSSIBLE, TURN OFF
POWER BEFORE MAKING ADJUSTMENTS TO THE SYSTEM.
« RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION HAZARD «
MICROWAVE, RF AMPLIFIERS AND TUBES GENERATE HAZARDOUS RF
RADIATION THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY INCLUDING CATARACTS,
WHICH CAN RESULT IN BLINDNESS. SOME CARDIAC PACEMAKERS MAY BE
AFFECTED BY THE RF ENERGY EMITTED BY RF AND MICROWAVE
AMPLIFIERS. NEVER OPERATE THE TRANSMITTER SYSTEM WITHOUT A
PROPERLY MATCHED RF ENERGY ABSORBING LOAD ATTACHED. KEEP
PERSONNEL AWAY FROM OPEN WAVEGUIDES AND ANTENNAS. NEVER
LOOK INTO AN OPEN WAVEGUIDE OR ANTENNA. MONITOR ALL PARTS OF
THE RF SYSTEM FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS.
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-4
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
EMERGENCY FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS
Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment are urged to become
familiar with the following rules both in theory and practice. It is the duty of all operating personnel to be
prepared to give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
RESCUE BREATHING
1. Find out if the person is
breathing.
You must find out if the person
has stopped breathing. If you
think he is not breathing, place
him flat on his back. Put your ear
close to his mouth and look at his
chest. If he is breathing you can
feel the air on your cheek. You
can see his chest move up and
down. If you do not feel the air
or see the chest move, he is not
breathing.
2. If he is not breathing, open
the airway by tilting his head
backwards.
Lift up his neck with one hand
and push down on his forehead
with the other. This opens the
airway. Sometimes doing this will
let the person breathe again by
himself.
SKIN REDDENED: Apply ice cold water to burned
area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin
tissue. Cover area with a clean sheet or cloth to
keep away air. Consult a physician.
SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED: Apply
ice cold water to burned area to prevent burn from
going deeper into skin tissue.
3. If he is still not breathing,
begin rescue breathing.
-Keep his head tilted backward.
Pinch nose shut.
-Put your mouth tightly over his
mouth.
-Blow into his mouth once every
five seconds
-DO NOT STOP rescue breathing
until help arrives.
LOOSEN CLOTHING - KEEP
WARM
Do this when the victim is
breathing by himself or help is
available. Keep him as quiet as
possible and from becoming
chilled. Otherwise treat him for
shock.
BURNS
Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away
air. Treat victim for shock and take to hospital.
EXTENSIVE BURN - SKIN BROKEN: Cover area
with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat
victim for shock and take to hospital.
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-5
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
VHF TELEVISION CHANNEL FREQUENCIES
FREQ
CHANNEL
2 54.00 60.00 55.25 58.83 59.75 101
3 60.00 66.00 61.25 64.83 65.75 107
4 66.00 72.00 67.25 70.83 71.75 113
5 76.00 82.00 77.25 80.83 81.75 123
6 82.00 88.00 83.25 86.83 87.75 129
7 174.00 180.00 175.25 178.83 179.75 221
LIMIT
LOW
(MHz)
FREQ
LIMIT
HIGH
(MHz)
VISUAL
CARRIER
(Vc)
(MHz)
COLOR
CARRIER
(MHz)
AURAL
CARRIER
(MHz)
L.O. FREQ
45.75 + Vc
(MHz)
8 180.00 186.00 181.25 184.83 185.75 227
9 186.00 192.00 187.25 190.83 191.75 233
10 192.00 198.00 193.25 196.83 197.75 239
11 198.00 204.00 199.25 202.83 203.75 245
12 204.00 210.00 205.25 208.83 209.75 251
13 210.00 216.00 211.25 214.83 215.75 257
NOTE: Because of a possible FCC assigned offset, the carrier frequency may vary
from those given in the above table. Please check for the assigned carrier
frequency as written on the license.
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-6
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
dBm, dBw, dBmV, dBµV, & VOLTAGE
EXPRESSED IN WATTS
50 Ohm System
WATTS PREFIX dBm dBw dBmV dBµV VOLTAGE
1,000,000,000,000 1 TERAWATT +150 +120
100,000,000,000 100 GIGAWATTS +140 +110
10,000,000,000 10 GIGAWATTS +130 +100
1,000,000,000 1 GIGAWATT +120 + 99
100,000,000 100 MEGAWATTS +110 + 80
10,000,000 10 MEGAWATTS +100 + 70
1,000,000 1 MEGAWATT + 90 + 60
100,000 100 KILOWATTS + 80 + 50
10,000 10 KILOWATTS + 70 + 40
1,000 1 KILOWATT + 60 + 30
100 1 HECTROWATT + 50 + 20
50 + 47 + 17
20 + 43 + 13
10 1 DECAWATT + 40 + 10
1 1 WATT + 30 0 + 77 +137 7.07V
0.1 1 DECIWATT + 20 - 10 + 67 +127 2.24V
0.01 1 CENTIWATT + 10 - 20 + 57 +117 0.707V
0.001 1 MILLIWATT 0 - 30 + 47 +107 224mV
0.0001 100 MICROWATTS - 10 - 40
0.00001 10 MICROWATTS - 20 - 50
0.000001 1 MICROWATT - 30 - 60
0.0000001 100 NANOWATTS - 40 - 70
0.00000001 10 NANOWATTS - 50 - 80
0.000000001 1 NANOWATT - 60 - 90
0.0000000001 100 PICOWATTS - 70 -100
0.00000000001 10 PICOWATTS - 80 -110
0.000000000001 1 PICOWATT - 90 -120
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
°F = 32 + [(9/5) °C]
°C = [(5/9) (°F - 32)]
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-7
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS
TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY
mile (US statute) kilometer (km) 1.609347
inch (in) millimeter (mm) 25.4
inch (in) centimeter (cm) 2.54
inch (in) meter (m) 0.0254
foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048
yard (yd) meter (m) 0.9144
mile per hour (mph) kilometer per hour(km/hr) 1.60934
mile per hour (mph) meter per second (m/s) 0.44704
pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.4535924
gallon (gal) liter 3.7854118
U.S. liquid
(One U.S. gallon equals 0.8327 Canadian gallon)
fluid ounce (fl oz) milliliters (ml) 29.57353
British Thermal Unit watt (W) 0.2930711
per hour (Btu/hr)
horsepower (hp) watt (W) 746
NOMENCLATURE OF FREQUENCY BANDS
FREQUENCY RANGE DESIGNATION
3 to 30 kHz VLF - Very Low Frequency
30 to 300 kHz LF - Low Frequency
300 to 3000 kHz MF - Medium Frequency
3 to 30 MHz HF - High Frequency
30 to 300 MHz VHF - Very High Frequency
300 to 3000 MHz UHF - Ultrahigh Frequency
3 to 30 GHz SHF - Superhigh Frequency
30 to 300 GHz EHF - Extremely High Frequency
LETTER DESIGNATIONS FOR UPPER FREQUENCY
BANDS
LETTER FREQ. BAND
L 1000 - 2000 MHz
S 2000 - 4000 MHz
C 4000 - 8000 MHz
X 8000 - 12000 MHz
Ku 12 - 18 GHz
K 18 - 27 GHz
Ka 27 - 40 GHz
V 40 - 75 GHz
W 75 - 110 GHz
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-8
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
-70
N
dB
RETURN LOSS VS. VSWR
R
E
T
U
R
L
O
S
S
1.001 1.01 1.1 2.0
VSWR
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-9
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS
AC Alternating Current
AFC Automatic Frequency Control
ALC Automatic Level Control
AM Amplitude modulation
AGC Automatic Gain Control
AWG American wire gauge
BER Bit Error Rate
BW Bandwidth
DC Direct Current
D/A Digital to analog
dB Decibel
dBm Decibel referenced to
1 milliwatt
dBmV Decibel referenced to
1 millivolt
dBw Decibel referenced to 1 watt
FEC Forward Error Correction
FM Frequency modulation
Hz Hertz
ICPM Incidental Carrier Phase
Modulation
I/P Input
IF Intermediate Frequency
LED Light emitting diode
LSB Lower Sideband
MPEG Motion Pictures Expert Group
O/P Output
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PCB Printed circuit board
QAM Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation
LX Series, Rev. 0 1-10
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
A2 A3 A5 A4 A6
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
Chapter 2
System Description and Remote Control Connections
2.0 System Overview
The Innovator® LX Series VHF
Transmitter is a complete internally
diplexed modular television transmitter.
It operates at a nominal output power of
20 watts analog.
The LX Series transmitter is made up of
the modules and assemblies as shown in
Figure 2-1 and listed in Table 2-1.
Figure 2-1: Transmitter Front View
Table 2-1: LX Series Trays and Assemblies
ASSEMBLY DESIGNATOR
A11 Backplane Board, Axciter
A2 Modulator Module
A3 IF Processor Module
A5 VHF/UHF Upconverter Module
A4 Control/Power Supply Module
A6 Power Amplifier Module
2.1 Exciter Amplifier Chassis
Assembly, (1307715/110VAC;
Appendix A)
All of the modules, except the power
amplifier module and the power supply
section of the Control & Monitoring/Power
Supply Module plug directly into the
Backplane Board, Axciter (1307307).
The backplane board provides module to
TRAY/ASSEMBLY NAME
Exciter Driver Chassis Assembly,
LX Series
module interconnection as well as
interconnection to remote command and
control connectors. Refer to the
backplane board schematic drawing
(1307308), located in Appendix A, for the
exciter driver chassis assembly
connections.
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-1
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
2.1.1 (A2) Modulator Module
Assembly (1305420; Appendix A)
modulator is broadcast quality and
provides front panel access to control and
monitoring points. The video level is
controlled through a sync tip clamp and
sync and white clipping circuitry. The IF
oscillator is oven controlled and locked to
a 10 MHz reference for stability. The IF
signal is fed through a SAW filter for
precise sideband shaping. The Modulator
operates using the baseband audio and
video inputs to produce a diplexed,
modulated, and on-channel frequency
visual + aural IF output that is cabled to
the IF Processing Module.
The (A2) Modulator Assembly contains
the Modulator Board (1304704). The
Table 2-2. Modulator Front Panel Switch
SWITCH FUNCTION
When Manual Clamp is selected, the video level is set by the
Manual Bias Pot R67 located on the board. (NOTE: The pot is
MAN/AUTO CLAMP
SW1
factory set and needs no adjustment by the customer).
When Auto Clamp is selected, the video level control circuit
will automatically increase or decrease the video to maintain
the desired video level.
Table 2-3. Modulator Front Panel Status Indicators
LED FUNCTION
AUR UNLOCK
DS5 (Red)
VIS UNLOCK
DS6 (Red)
AUDIO DEV
DS4 (Red)
VIDEO LOSS
DS1 (Red)
OVER MOD
DS3 (Red)
ALT IF
DS7 (Green)
10 MHz PRES
DS2 (Green)
When lit it indicates that the 4.5 MHz VCO and the 10 MHz reference
are not PLL locked.
When lit it indicates that the 45.75 MHz VCXO and the 10 MHz
reference signal are not PLL locked.
When lit it indicates the deviation level is more than ±80kHz
When lit it indicates the Video Input to the transmitter is lost.
When lit it indicates the Video input level is too high.
When lit it indicates that external or alternate 4.5MHz is present.
When lit it indicates that a 10MHz reference is present to the
transmitter.
Table 2-4. Modulator Front Panel Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
DESCRIPTION
Video Gain (R42) Adjusts the level of the output video.
Visual Level (R214) Adjusts the Visual IF level that combines with the Aural IF.
Aural Level (R243) Adjusts the Aural IF level that combines with the Visual IF.
MONO (R110) Adjusts the deviation level of the balanced audio input.
STEREO (R132) Adjusts the deviation level of the composite audio input.
SAP/PRO (R150) Adjusts the deviation level of the subcarrier audio input.
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-2
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
Table 2-5. Modulator Front Panel Sample
SMA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
MOD IF SAMPLE (J10) Sample of the combined Aural IF and Visual IF signals.
2.1.2 (A3) IF Processor Module
Assembly (1305421; Appendix A)
system's Control Monitoring board
compares the RF Power Monitoring
module RF power level with the desired
level and uses the IF Power Control PWM
line to correct for errors.
The IF Processor module provides a
reference ALC voltage to the system's
Upconverter. When the ALC voltage
decreases, the Upconverter
automatically lowers the system output
power through the AGC circuits.
The IF Processor module has a front
The (A3) IF Processor Assembly contains
the IF Processor Board (1304687). The IF
Processor provides pre-correction to
ensure broadcast quality output signal.
The pre-correction consists of amplitude
linearity correction, Incidental Carrier
Phase Modulation (ICPM) correction and
frequency response correction.
The IF Processor module is configured
either for an analog or digital system.
Pin 13C of the IF Processor module is
grounded in analog systems and left not
connected in digital systems. An IF
Processor Interlock signal is used to
report the presence of the IF Processor
module to the Control Monitoring board.
If the IF Processor interlock signal is not
present, the LX Series Exciter Driver RF
output is Muted (turned off).
The Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
module uses the IF Processor module for
System output power control. Through
the front panel display or a remote
interface, an operator can set the RF
output power level of the transmitter.
The range of RF power adjustment is
between 0% (full off) and 105% (full
power plus). A front panel IF Processor
module potentiometer sets the upper
panel switch to select Auto or Manual
ALC. When Manual ALC is selected, the
reference ALC voltage is set by a front
panel potentiometer. In this condition,
the RF power level control circuit is
removed from use. When the ALC select
switch is changed to Auto, the RF power
level control circuit will start at low
power and increase the RF output until
the desired output power is attained.
The IF Processor module Modulation
Present signal is monitored by the
Control Monitoring board. If the
modulation level is too low or nonexistent, a Modulation Present Fault is
reported to the Control Monitoring
board. When the controller detects this
fault, it can be set to Automatically Mute
the transmitter or if it is set to Manual
mode the transmitter will continue to
operate at 25% output.
The IF Processor module Input Signal
level is monitored by the Control
Monitoring board. If the signal level is
too low or non-existent, an Input Fault
is reported on the Control Monitoring
board. When the IF Processor board
detects an Input Signal Fault it
automatically Mutes the transmitter.
The system controller does not Mute on
an IF Processor Input Fault.
limit of RF power at 120%. The
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-3
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
Table 2-6. IF Processor Front Panel Switch
SWITCH FUNCTION
When Manual ALC is selected, the reference ALC voltage is set
by the ALC Gain front panel potentiometer.
MAN/AUTO ALC
Table 2-7. IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators
LED FUNCTION
INPUT FAULT (Red)
ALC Fault (Red)
MUTE (Red)
Table 2-8. IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
ALC GAIN
MAN GAIN
Table 2-9. IF Processor Front Panel Sample
SMA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
IF SAMPLE Sample of the pre-corrected IF output of the IF Processor
2.1.3 (A5) VHF/UHF Upconverter
Module Assembly (1303829;
Appendix A)
The VHF/UHF Upconverter Module
Assembly contains (A1) a Downconverter
Board Assembly (1303834), (A3) a First
When Auto ALC is selected, the IF level control circuit will
automatically increase the IF output until the desired output
power is attained.
When lit it indicates that there is a loss of the IF Input signal to the
IF Processor. Transmitter can be set to Mute on an IF Input Fault.
When lit it indicates that the required gain to produce the desired
output power level has exceeded the operational range of the ALC
circuit. The LED will also be lit when ALC is in Manual.
When lit it indicates that the IF input signal is cut back but the
enable to the Power Supply is present and the +32 VDC remains on.
DESCRIPTION
Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Auto ALC position.
Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Manual ALC position.
Conversion Board (1303838), (A2) a LBand PLL Board (1303846) and (A4) an
Upconverter Control Board (1304760).
A 44 MHz IF input @ 0 dBm level
connects to the upconverter through the
backplane board and is applied to a
mixer mounted on the first conversion
board. Also applied to the mixer is a
nominal 1 GHz LO1. The mixer converts
it to a nominal frequency centered at
1044 MHz. A filter selects the
appropriate conversion product, which is
then amplified to a level of
approximately –4 dBm. The frequency
of the first conversion LO1 can be
shifted by ± 10 kHz to generate channel
offsets of 10kHz. For +offsets the
frequency is 999.99 MHz and for –
offsets the frequency is 1000.01 MHz.
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-4
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
This signal is applied to a second mixer
mounted on the downconverter board
that converts it back to a broadcast
channel (2-69) by an LO2 that operates
in 100kHz steps between 1.1-1.9 GHz
depending on the channel selected. The
LO2 frequency equals the Channel
center frequency plus the LO1 frequency
plus 44 MHz. (As an example CH9:
Center Frequency is 189.00 MHz and
LO1 is 1000.00 MHz therefore, LO2 is
189 + 1000 + 44, which equals 1233.00
MHz.)
Table 2-10. VHF/UHF Upconverter Front Panel Switch
SWITCH FUNCTION
When Manual AGC is selected, the reference AGC voltage is set by
MAN/AUTO AGC
(Left Manual, Right
AGC)
Table 2-11. VHF/UHF Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicators
LED FUNCTION
PLL 1 Fault
(Red)
PLL 2 Fault
(Red)
AGC Fault
(Red)
AGC Override
(Red)
Man Gain
(Amber)
Table 2-12. VHF/UHF Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
MAN GAIN ADJ
AGC ADJ
AGC CUTBACK ADJ
(AGC OVERRIDE)
Table 2-13. VHF/UHF Upconverter Front Panel Samples
SMA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
LO1 SAMPLE
LO2 SAMPLE
RF SAMPLE Sample of the On Channel RF Output of the Upconverter
the AGC Manual Gain front panel potentiometer.
When Auto AGC is selected, the RF power level control circuit will
automatically increase the RF output until the desired output
power is attained.
When lit it indicates that the 1 GHz PLL is unlocked
When lit it indicates that the 1.1 –1.9 GHz PLL is unlocked
When lit it indicates that the AGC is out of range.
When lit it indicates that the AGC is cutting back due to too much
drive to the driver module.
When lit it indicates that the AGC is bypassed in Manual.
Adjusts the gain of the upconverter and transmitter when in the
Manual AGC position.
Adjusts the gain of the upconverter and transmitter when in the
Auto AGC position.
Adjusts the point at which the transmitter will cut back in power,
due to too much drive, when the Transmitter is in Auto AGC.
Sample of the 1 GHz nominal LO1 signal in the Upconverter as
generated on the L-Band PLL Board.
Sample of the 1.1-1.9 GHz LO2 signal in the Upconverter as
generated on the First Conversion Board.
The output of the mixer is applied to a
900 MHz Low pass filter to remove
unwanted conversion products. The
resulting signal is amplified and applied
to a Pin diode attenuator before it is
connected to the output of the
upconverter. This pin diode attenuator
adjusts the gain of the module and is
controlled by an Automatic Gain Control
circuit, which maintains a constant
power out of the upconverter, and also
the transmitter, that connects to the
power amplifier module.
DESCRIPTION
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-5
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
2.1.4 (A4) Control/Power Supply
Module Assembly (1301936/110 VAC;
Appendix A)
Table 2-14. Controller/Power Supply Display
DISPLAY FUNCTION
A 4 x 20 display providing a four-line readout of the internal
LCD
Table 2-15. Controller/Power Supply Status Indicator
LED FUNCTION
OPERATE
(green)
FAULT
(red or green)
DC OK
( red or green )
Table 2-16. Controller/Power Supply Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
DISPLAY CONTRAST Adjusts the contrast of the display for desired viewing of screen.
functions, external inputs, and status. See Chapter 3,
Controller/Power Supply Display Screens, for a listing of displays.
When lit it indicates that the transmitter is in the Operate Mode. If
transmitter is Muted the Operate LED will stay lit, the transmitter
will remain in Operate, until the input signal is returned.
Red indicates that a problem has occurred in the transmitter. The
transmitter will be Muted or placed in Standby until the problem is
corrected.
Green indicates that the switchable fuse protected DC outputs that
connect to the modules in the transmitter are OK.
The (A4) Control & Monitoring/Power
Supply Assembly is made up of a Control
Board (1302021), a Power Protection
Board (1302837) and a Switch Board
(1527-1406). The Assembly also
contains a switching power supply that
provides ±12 VDC to the rest of the
modules in the chassis and +32 VDC to
the Power Amplifier module.
The Assembly provides all transmitter
control and monitoring functions. The
Front panel LCD screens allow monitoring
of system parameters, including forward
and reflected power, transistor currents,
module temperatures and power supply
voltages. The LCD screens are detailed
in Chapter 3.
DESCRIPTION
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-6
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
2.1.5 (A6) VHF Power Amplifier
Module (1305822; Appendix A)
The (A6) Power Amplifier Module
Assembly is made up of a Coupler Board
Assembly (1211-1004), an Amplifier
Control Board (1303682), a Delta RF 25
Watt VHF Driver Assembly (1305820)
and a Delta RF 200 Watt VHF Amplifier
Assembly (1300167).
The Power Amplifier Module contains
Broadband LDMOS amplifiers that cover
the VHF Low Band with no tuning
required. They amplify the RF to the
output power of the transmitter.
The Power Amplifier is used to amplify
the RF output of the Upconverter
module. A jumper cable, located on the
rear chassis, connects the RF output from
the LO/Upconverter at J23 to J24 the RF
input to the PA Assembly.
The Power Amplifier module contains an
amplifier control and monitoring board.
This board monitors the RF output
power, RF reflected power, the current
draw of amplifier sections, the supply
voltage, and the temperature of the PA
heat sink. The Control and monitoring
lines to the Power Amplifier module are
routed through the floating blind-mate
connector of the Control &
Monitoring/Power Supply module.
The RF power detector circuit outputs
vary with operating frequency. These
circuits must be calibrated at their
intended operating frequency. Front
panel adjustment potentiometers, R201
for Reflected Power and R202 for
Forward Power, are used for calibration.
The Aural power of the Power Amplifier
assembly is not reported by the system
Control Monitoring module. Additionally
the Visual power of the amplifier is
reported as Forward Power.
The Forward Power of the Power
Amplifier module is routed to the
Upconverter module as AGC #1. A
system over-drive condition is detected
when this value rises above 0.9 VDC.
When an over-drive condition is
detected, the Upconverter module
reduces its RF output level. For values
less than 0.9 VDC, the Upconverter uses
this voltage for automatic gain.
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-7
Innovator® LX Series Analog VHF Chapter 2, System Description
Transmitter and Remote Control Connections
Table 2-17. Power Amplifier Status Indicator
LED FUNCTION
ENABLED
(Green)
DC OK
(Green)
TEMP
(Green)
MOD OK
(Green)
When lit Green, it indicates that the PA is in the Operate Mode. If a
Mute occurs, the PA will remain Enabled, until the input signal is
returned.
When lit Green, it indicates that the fuse protected DC inputs to the
PA module are OK.
When lit Green, it indicates that the temperature of the heatsink
assembly in the module is below 78°C.
When lit Green, it indicates that the PA Module is operating and has
no faults.
If the Module OK LED is Red and blinking a fault is present.
1 Blink indicates Amplifier Current Fault.
MOD OK
(Red)
2 Blinks indicate Temperature Fault.
3 Blinks indicate +32V Power Supply Over Voltage Fault.
4 Blinks indicate +32V Power Supply Under Voltage Fault.
5 Blinks indicate Reflected Power Fault.
6 Blinks indicate +12V or –12V Power Supply Fault.
Table 2-18. Power Amplifier Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
DESCRIPTION
FWD CAL Adjusts the gain of the Forward Power monitoring circuit
RFL CAL Adjusts the gain of the Reflected Power monitoring circuit
Table 2-19. Power Amplifier Sample
DISPLAY FUNCTION
VISUAL SAMPLE RF sample of the amplified signal being sent out the module on J25.
2.1.6 RF Output
The RF output from the power amplifier is
at the RF output jack, an “N” connector
J25, PA RF Output, of the chassis
assembly. This is the 20 Watt VHF
output of the transmitter that connects to
the bandpass filter for your system..
2.2 Control and Status
The control and status readings of the
chassis assembly are found by operating
the front panel display screen located on
the front of the control assembly.
Detailed information on the use of the
screens is found in chapter 3.
2.2.1 Front Panel Display Screens
A 4 x 20 display located on the front of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module is used in the LX Series
transmitter for control of the operation
and display of the operating parameters
of the transmitter. Refer to Chapter 3
for descriptions of the screens.
2.3 System Operation
When the transmitter is in operate, as set
by the menu screen located on the
Control & Monitoring Module, the
following occurs. The IF Processor will be
enabled and the mute indicator on the
front panel will be extinguished. The
+32 VDC stage of the Power Supply in
the Control & Monitoring Module is
enabled, the operate indicator on the
front panel is lit and the DC OK on the
front panel will also be green. The
enable and DC OK indicators on the PA
Module will also be green.
When the transmitter is in standby, the
following occurs. The IF Processor will be
disabled; the mute indicator on the front
panel will be red. The +32 VDC stage of
the Power Supply in the Control &
Monitoring Module is disabled. The
operate indicator on the front panel will
LX Series, Rev. 0 2-8
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