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Tyan S1856
Tomahawk BX/A+
Motherboard User’s Manual
Revision 1.00
Copyright © Tyan Computer Corporation, 1999. All rights reserved. No part of this
manual may be reproduced or translated without prior written consent from Tyan
Computer Corp.
All registered and unregistered trademarks and company names contained in this
manual are propery of their respective companies including, but not limited to the
following.
AMIBIOS is a trademark of American Megatrend Incorporated.
Award is a trademark of Phoenix T echnologies Ltd.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
IBM, PC, AT, PS/2 are trademarks of IBM Corporation.
INTEL, Pentium II, Celeron are trademarks of Intel Corporation.
S1856 Tomahawk BX and Tomahawk A+ are trademarks of TYAN Computer
Corporation.
Information contained in this publication has been carefully checked for accuracy and
reliability. In no event will Tyan Computer be held liable for any direct or indirect,
incidental or consequential damage, loss of use, loss of data, or other malady resulting
from errors or inaccuracies of information contained in this manual. The information
contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
PRINTED IN USA.
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T able of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................. 4
Overview ........................................................................................... 4
Icons................................................................................................. 5
Hardware Specifications/Features................................................ 5
Software Specifications.................................................................. 7
T echnical Support........................................................................... 7
Returning Merchandise for Service............................................. 8
2. Board Installation..................................................................................... 10
Unpacking....................................................................................... 1 0
Installation...................................................................................... 1 0
Quick Reference for Jumpers........................................................ 1 2
Map of Motherboard Jumpers..................................................... 1 3
Clear CMOS & Reset Password .................................................. 1 7
Soft Power Connector .................................................................... 1 7
Hardware Reset Switch Connector Installation......................... 1 8
Ensoniq Audio Connectors ......................................................... 1 8
External SMI.................................................................................... 1 8
Chassis Intrusion Alarm Connector............................................ 18
CMOS R TC...................................................................................... 18
Flash EEPROM............................................................................... 1 8
Mounting the Motherboard in the Chassis .............................. 19
Installing Memory .......................................................................... 1 9
Cache Memory ................................................................................ 2 3
Installing the CPU and Cooling Fan........................................... 2 3
Connecting IDE and Floppy Drives.............................................2 4
Connecting the Power Supply ...................................................... 2 7
Installing Add on Cards ............................................................... 2 8
Connecting PS/2, USB, Serial and Parallel Devices.............. 2 8
Frequently Asked Questions....................................................... 3 0
3. BIOS Configuration................................................................................. 32
Main Setup Menu.......................................................................... 3 5
BIOS Features Setup...................................................................... 4 0
Chipset Features Setup................................................................. 4 5
Power Management Setup............................................................ 4 8
PnP / PCI Configuration................................................................ 5 3
Integrate Peripherals...................................................................... 5 6
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User Password................................................................................ 5 8
Flash Writer Utility ......................................................................... 5 9
4. System Resources.................................................................................... 62
Beep Codes..................................................................................... 6 2
Troubleshooting System Problems............................................. 6 3
Displayed Error Messages.......................................................... 7 1
Appendix 1 - CPU Retention Module Options.......................................... 74
Appendix 2 - Glossary .................................................................................. 76
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Overview
The S1856 (S1856S T omahawk BX, and S1856S-V T omahawk A+) is a quality ,
high performance motherboard designed for Socket 370 Intel Celeron microprocessors. The T omahawk BX utilizes the Intel 440BX AGPset with AMI BIOS.
The Tomahawk A+ uses the VIA Apollo Pro Plus AGPset with A ward BIOS.
Both boards can support Celeron CPU speeds of 300MHz through 400MHz,
and host bus speeds of 66MHz to 100MHz.
The S1846 motherboard, with built-in AGP slot, provides high performance
capabilities that are ideal for a wide range of demanding applications such as
CAD, CAM, CAE, desktop publishing, 3D animation, and video production.
This system board in an ATX form factor offers far more features and
expandability than Micro ATX models. Some of the features included are
onboard dual channel PCI PIO, Bus Master IDE and UltraDMA/33, onboard
floppy controller, and onboard high speed I/O.
Flexibility and expandability have been designed into the T omahawk BX/A+.
W ith I/O and drive controller support built onboard, the one AGP slot, five PCI
and two ISA slots (one shared, seven usable) are free for numerous add-on
expansion cards.
chapter 1
Introduction
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S1856 Tomahawk BX/A+
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INTRO
Remember to take a look at TYAN Computer’s web site located at
http://www.tyan.com. There you can find information on all of TYAN’s
products along with FAQs, distributors list, drivers, and BIOS setting explanations.
Icons
In order to help you navigate this manual and set up your system, we have
added several icons to our format.
This icon alerts you to particularly important details regarding the
setup or maintenance of your system. This icon often appears next
to information that may keep you from damaging your board or
system. While we will often point out the most vital paragraphs in a chapter,
you should always read every word in the text. Failing to do so can lead to
exasperation and expense.
Wherever possible, we have included step-by-step instructions for
setting up your system, which are indicated by this icon. However, it
is in your best interest to read an entire section (and perhaps the
entire manual) before you begin to fiddle with your motherboard.
While we have alerted you to potential dangers in several places in
the manual with this icon, these warnings should not be regarded as
the whole of your safety regimen. Never forget that computers are
electrical devices, and are capable of delivering a shock. Prevent damage to
yourself and to your board: always ensure that your system is turned off and
unplugged whenever you are working with it, and that you are equipped with a
static safety device.
Hardware Specifications/Features
Processor Information •One Socket 370 CPU connector
•66MHz to 100MHz bus support
(BIOS selectable)
•Celeron 300 to 500MHz
!!
!!
!
important!
procedure
1.
2.
3.
warning
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Chipset Information •Intel 440BX AGPset with PIIX4e (S1856S)
•V ia Apollo Pro Plus: 82C596A+82C692
(S1856S-V)
•W inbond ‘977 Super I/O chipset
V oltage and Power •ATX power supply connector
Information •+12V power source for DC fan onboard
•3.3V DRAM support
•Utilizes GTL+ bus to reduce power
consumption and EMI
Main Memory •Up to 768MB onboard*
•Three 168-pin DIMM sockets
•Supports 100MHz SDRAM with SPD
System Management •Optional Analog Devices ADM9240 ASICs
with onboard alarm for monitoring temperature,
supply voltages, and fan speed
•Intel LANDesk Client Manager software optn
•Chassis intrusion detection capable
Expansion Slots •One 32-bit AGP slot
•Five 32-bit PCI Bus Master slots
•T wo 16-bit ISA slots
•One shared, seven usable slots
Physical Dimensions •ATX design
•12 inches x 8.2 inches
•S1856 requires Intel Venus
compatible I/O shield
•S1856SLA (with sound) requires Intel Cave
man compatible I/O shield
BIOS Information •AMI Plug and Play flash BIOS (S1856S)
•A ward Plug and Play flash BIOS (S1856S-V)
•Deep Green, Energy S tar, ACPI, Year 2000, and
PC98 compliant
•Soft power-down, multiple boot options
•W in98/NT5 ready , DMI 2.0 compliant
•PCI 2.1, APM 1.1 compliant
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INTRO
Disk Drive & System I/O •T wo PCI bus mastering EIDE channels
•Supports EIDE CD-ROMs
•PIO Mode 3 & 4 (up to 17MB/sec DTR)
•UltraDMA/33 bus mastering mode (up to
33MB/sec DTR)
•Support for two floppy drives (up to 2.88MB)
•T wo serial ports (16550 UAR T s)
•One ECP/EPP parallel port
•One IR (InfraRed) I/O interface port
•T wo USB rev 1.2 (universal serial bus)
connectors
•One PS/2 mouse port
•One PS/2 keyboard port
•One Analog V ideo Out port
Ensoniq ES 1373 PCI Audio •AC97 Codec
(S1856SLA only) •Uses a single, shared IRQ
•High performance PCI bus master
•Spatial enhanced 3D sound (SWS)
•Wavetable synthesis built in
•Joystick, Audio in, Speaker, Microphone
connectors
* Only 384MB validated at time of print.
Software Specifications
OS •Operates with MS-DOS, W indows 3.x,
Windows for W orkGroup 3.x, W indows 95,
W indows 98, Windows NT, OS/2, Novell
Netware, Solaris, and SCO Unix
T echnical Support
If a problem arises with your system, you should turn to your dealer for help
first. Your system has most likely been configured by them, and they should
have the best idea of what hardware and software your system contains.
Hence, they should be of the most assistance. Further, if you purchased your
system from a dealer near you, you can actually bring your system in to them
to have it serviced, instead of attempting to do so yourself (which can have
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Chapter 1
Introduction
expensive consequences).
Help resources:
1. See FAQ and beep codes sections of this manual.
2. See Tyan web site for F AQ, bulletins, driver updates, etc.
http://www .tyan.com
3. Contact your dealer or distributor for help BEFORE calling T yan.
4. Check the Tyan user group: alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.tyan
5. Email T yan tech support: [email protected]
6. Call Tyan tech support: 510-440-8808
Returning Merchandise for Service
During the warranty period, contact your distributor or system vendor FIRST
for any product problems. This warranty only covers normal customer use and
does not cover damages incurred during shipping or failure due to the
alteration, misuse, abuse, or improper maintenance of products.
For Resellers Only:
A receipt or copy of your invoice marked with the date of purchase is required
before any warranty service can be rendered. You can obtain service by calling
the manufacturer for a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number . The
RMA number should be prominently displayed on the outside of the shipping
carton and the package should be mailed prepaid, or hand-carried to the
manufacturer . TYAN will pay to have the board shipped back to you.
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INTRO
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Chapter 2
Board Installation
chapter 2
Board Installation
Unpacking
The motherboard package should contain the following:
(1 ) S1856 mainboard
( 1) 40-pin IDE and 34-pin floppy cable pack
(1 ) S1856 User’s Manual
(1 ) Driver disk
Installation
You are now ready to install your motherboard. The mounting hole pattern of
the S1856 matches the ATX system board specifications. Your chassis should
support a standard ATX mainboard form factor.
How to install our products right...the first time.
What’s the first thing I should do?
The first thing you should do is read this user’s manual. It contains important
information which will make configuration and setup much easier .
Here are some precautions you should follow when installing your motherboard:
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procedure
1.
2.
3.
INST ALL
(1) Ground yourself properly before removing your motherboard
from the antistatic bag. Unplug the power from your computer
and then touch any metal part on the computer case. (Or wear a
grounded wrist strap.)
(2) Hold the motherboard by its edges and do not touch the bottom of
the board.
(3) A void touching motherboard components, IC chips, connectors,
and leads.
(4) A void touching pins of memory modules and chips.
(5) Place motherboard on a grounded antistatic surface or on the
antistatic bag.
Having reviewed the precautions above, the next step is to take the motherboard out of the cardboard box and static bag, hold it by its edges, and place it
on a grounded antistatic surface, component side up. Inspect the board for
damage.
DO NOT APPL Y POWER TO THE BOARD IF IT HAS BEEN DAMAGED!
Press down on any of the socket ICs if it appears that they are not properly
seated (the board should still be on an antistatic mat). Do not touch the bottom
of the board. Remember, don’ t take any electronic device out of its protective
bag until you are ready to actually install it into the computer case. If you do
not ground yourself, you risk zapping the motherboard or adapter card.
Subsequent problems may not arise immediately because electrostatic discharge damage, unlike physical damage, causes the device to fail over time.
Installation Steps
1. Set Jumpers
2. Mount Motherboard in Chassis
3. Install Memory
4. Install CPU & Cooling Fan
5. Connect IDE and Floppy Drives
6. Connect Power Supply
7. Install Add-on Cards
8. Connect PS/2, USB, Serial and Parallel Devices
!!
!!
!
important!
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Chapter 2
Board Installation
Quick References for Jumpers
In this manual, the terms “closed” and “on” are used when referring to jumpers
(or jumper pins) that are active; “open” and “off” are used when referring to
jumpers (or jumper pins) that are inactive. See the Figure 2-1 for examples of
“on” and “off” pins and jumpers. The square pin in the diagram is Pin 1.
Jumpers and pins are connected by slipping the blue plastic jumper connector
overtop of two adjacent jumper pins (indicated by 1-2 or 2-3). The metal rod
inside the plastic shell bridges the gap between the two pins, completing the
circuit. See Figure 2-2 for more example of pin connections.
Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2
The tables and maps on the following pages will help you set the jumpers for
CPU speed, Infrared, and external connector pin assignments, among others.
The miniature motherboard maps will help you locate the jumpers on your board.
A full-page map of the motherboard can be found on the next two pages.
2 pin jumpers
off on
3 (or more) pin jumpers
1-2 2-3 open
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
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INST ALL
The tiny “1”s next to jumpers of 3 pins or more indicate the position of pin 1
for that jumper.
Figure 2-3 : Map of Motherboard Jumpers
JP10
JP11
JP12
JP13
USB1
Keyboard
USB2
Mouse
DIMM bank 2
DIMM bank 3
DIMM bank 1
Primary IDE connector
3 volt
lithium
battery
COM2
COM1
Printer Port
PCI slot 2
PCI slot 3
AGP port
PCI slot 4
PCI slot 5
ISA slot 2
ISA slot 1
Flash BIOS
1
J47
Intel 82443BX
OR
Via 82C693
PCI slot 1
Socket 370
CPU
Intel
82371EB
OR
Via 82C596A
FAN2
1
Secondary IDE connector
Floppy drive connector
ATX power connector
ADM9240
EXTSMI
1
JP1
1
JP2
Ensoniq
Audio PCI
1
J11
1
J13
J10
1
1
1
CON3
CON2
Joystick
Line in
Microphone in Speaker out
J7
JP17
1
1
1
FAN1
1
Chassis Intrusion
J48 (Spkr)
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Chapter 2
Board Installation
Winbond Super I/O
3 DIMM slots
Socket 370 for
Celeron CPU
PS/2 Mouse &
Keyboard
ports
Floppy port
ATX power
supply header
5 PCI slots2 ISA slots 2x AGP port
Battery
2 USB ports
1 Parallel, 2 Com
ports
2-ch EIDE
Intel 440BX or Via Apollo
Pro Plus AGPset
BIOS
Audio ports Joystick
Figure 2-4 : Map of S1856 Features
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INST ALL
!!
!!
!
important!
1. Setting Jumpers
1-A. CPU Speed Settings (Jumpers JP10, JP11, JP12, JP13)
There are two steps to set the CPU speed. First, set the clock multiplier with
jumpers JP10 -13 according to the specification of your CPU using the chart
below. After the system is ready to boot up you will need to set the bus speed
in the BIOS setup. This is covered in detail in Chapter 3 of this manual.
Presently all Celeron CPUs use a 66MHz bus speed. Tyan does not recommend
operating CPUs, memory , or PCI Bus at higher than rated speed. Tyan takes no
responsibility for any problems related to overclocking any bus or component
on the system board.
Mu l ti pl i er Bus S peed CPU speed JP 10 JP 11 JP 12 JP 13
(set Jm prs
on board)
(set in
BIOS)
3.5 100 350 ON OFF OFF ON
4 100 400 OFF ON O N ON
66 300
100 450
66 333
100 500
66 366
100 550
66 400
100 600
6.5 66 433 ON ON OFF OFF
7 66 466 ON OFF ON OFF
OFFONONON
OFF OFF OFF ON
OFF ON OFF ON
OFF OFF ON ON
4.5
5
5.5
6
JP10, JP11,
JP12, JP13
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Chapter 2
Board Installation
1-B. Bus Speed Settings (JP1)
1-C. Panel Connector Settings (Jumper J47)
VCC
12
PowerLED
HDD LED
34
Sleep LED
Ground
56
PowerOn/Off
Reset
78
Ground
VCC
910
No Connect
IR R e c e i v e
11 12
VCC
Ground
13 14
No Connect
IR T r an s mit
15 16
VCC
No Connect
17 18
No Connect
*Power LED: For 2-pin:
bicolor/single color Use pins 2-4
For 3-pin: bicolor Use pins 2-4 and GND pin 13
1-D. Speaker Connector
(Jumper J48)
The speaker should be
connected to pins 1-4 of
jumper J48. As default, pins
3-4 of jumper J48 are
connected to the internal
buzzer .
1-E. Wake-On LAN (CON3)
1-F. Wake-On Ring (CON2)
12
34
56
78
901
1121
3141
5161
7181
To p
Bottom
Top Pin
Bottom Pin
J10 Side V iew
J47
Pin1
Pin17
Pin2
otuA66
001
1PJ
2-13-2nepO
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INST ALL
!!
!!
!
important!
1-G. Clear CMOS and Reset Password (Jumper JP3)
tluafeDteseR
3PJ
2-13-2
If you have been locked out of your system because you forgot your password or set the CMOS incorrectly , follow the instructions below .
1. Power off the system
2. Set jumper JP2 to pins 2 and 3
3. Wait for 2 seconds, then return jumper JP2 to pins 1 and 2.
4. Power on the system again.
By following this procedure, you will erase your password and reset the
CMOS to the BIOS defaults.
Fan Speed Detect
When using Intel’s LANDesk
system management software,
you may monitor the status of
the CPU Fans by connecting
them to the Fan1 and/or Fan2
connectors. You will NOT be
able to monitor your CPU fan
with the other Fan connectors.
Soft Power Connector
The Soft Power Connector is
part of jumper block J47. The
T omahawk BX/A+ uses the chipset for power management, including turning
on and off the system. If the Power Button Function option in the BIOS Power
Management Menu is set to On/Off (which is the default), pressing the power
button once after the BIOS has booted up will turn the system on and off. If
the Power Button Function option is set to Suspend, pressing the power
button once will wake the system or send it to Suspend mode. In this case,
you cannot turn the system off unless you shut down through the Windows
operating system or you hold the power button down for four seconds.
CON3
(WOL)
J9
J48 (Speaker)
CON2
(WOR)
JP2 Clr CMOS
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Chapter 2
Board Installation
!!
!!
!
important!
Hardware Reset Switch Connector Installation
The Reset switch on your case’s display panel provides you with the Hardware Reset function, which is the same as power on/off. The system will do a
cold start after the Reset button is pushed.
Creative Labs Audio Connectors (S1856SLA only)
There are four black 4-pin connectors onboard which are used for various
peripherals’ audio signals. The digital signal that comes in through these
connectors is directed through the Creative Labs ES1373 PCI sound chip, and
the digital signal is turned into an audio signal which goes out through the
speaker . The TDA connector (J10) is for modem audio; the MPEG connector
(J9) is for DVD and TV cards; the VIDEO connector is (J11); the CD connector
(J13) is for CD-ROMs.
External SMI
The EXTSMI (External System Management Interface) connector, jumper JP16,
is used by some plug-in cards. Certain applications associated with these plugin cards use the interface for hardware control and queries.
Chassis Intrusion Alarm Connector
The J7 connector is an intrusion alarm, that can be connected to the system
chassis. When active (J7 is connected to the chassis), this alarm will alert the
system administrator anytime someone opens the system’s case.
CMOS RTC
The Real Time Clock (RTC) circuit, which provides the date and time for the
system is integrated into the 440BX or V ia Apollo Pro Plus AGPset. If the
external battery for the R TC is low , it will prevent your system from POSTing,
and you will not get a display . Normally the life span of an external battery is 2
years. If yours is running low , you will need to replace it with a new 3V lithium
battery (Sony CR2032).
Flash EEPROM
The T omahawk BX/A+ uses flash memory to store BIOS firmware. It can be
updated as new versions of the BIOS become available. You can upgrade your
BIOS easily using the flash utility (see page 59).
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19
INST ALL
2. Mounting the Motherboard in the Chassis
Follow the instructions provided by the case manufacturer for proper installation guidelines. TYAN recommends that you use only one screw to hold down
the motherboard. The rest of the mounting holes should be used for the plastic
standoffs. If your case does not have a hole for a standoff, simply cut off the
bottom of the plastic standoff so that the flat portion rests on the metal. The
adapter cards and the screws holding them down will keep your board flat. The
fastening screw should not short any of the traces on the motherboard. Make
certain that you do not overtighten the screw , as it will damage the motherboard and possibly break internal traces in the surrounding area. The hole you
should use is located at the top-center of the board where the adapter cards
are fastened to the case.
3. Installing Memory
Since TYAN boards are manufactured with performance in mind, you should
use add-in components that match. Some DIMM modules may seem to be high
quality because of name or feel but that does not guarantee real-world
usability . Some cheaper or OEM memory may have brand-name components,
but they may contain inferior or substandard parts which do not meet the
critical tolerances our products require. Because of this, your memory may not
work correctly in a TYAN board though it may work well in a competitor’s
board. This is because many of our competitors do not adhere to the strict
tolerances required for high performance. If you buy a TYAN board, you are
getting the best system available. To make installation easy and trouble free,
get high quality parts. Some brands we recommend are Advantage Memory,
Corsair Microsystems, Millenium, Kingston Memory , QesT ec Incorporated,
Unigen, Micron Technology, and Crucial Technology. These DIMMs have
proven to be very stable on our boards and perform extremely well.
!!
!!
!
important!
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Chapter 2
Board Installation
Figure 13
Figure 2-5
To install your DIMMs, line your module up so that the pins fit into the slot.
There is only one way that your DIMM can fit properly. Make sure that the
short row of pins is lined up with the short gap in the DIMM slot. Figure 2-5
shows how to sit the DIMM into its slot. To insert the DIMM, push down
vertically on the module with even force, as shown in the photo. Do not shove
one end in first; doing so will bend the DIMM pins.
To lock the DIMM into place, push the plastic clips on either end of the slot
onto the notches in the ends of the DIMM (see Figure 2-6 on the next page).
T o remove your DIMM, simply pull the clips back, and pull up on the module.
Place the DIMMs in an anti-static bag as soon as you remove them to avoid
static damage.
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INST ALL
Figure 2-6
The T omahawk BX/A+ uses a 64-bit data path from memory to CPU and can
accommodate up to 768MB of SDRAM. The 168-pin DIMMs (Dual In-line
Memory Modules) must be of the 3.3V, unbuffered variety . The position of the
notch in the SDRAM key position will tell you whether or not a DIMM is
unbuffered (see the Figure 2-7 below). All installed memory will be automati-
cally detected, so there is no need to set any jumpers.
Figure 2-7
RFU
Buffered
Unbuffered
168-pin DIMM
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Chapter 2
Board Installation
Some details of memory installation:
• At least one unbuffered DIMM must be installed for the system to POST.
• The mainboard supports 32MB, 64MB, 128MB SDRAM; and supports
256MB registered SDRAM DIMM modules*, but not in combination with
non-registered modules.
• PC-100 DIMM is required if CPU bus speed is at 100MHz
The table below shows some of the possible memory configurations. Not all
possible configurations are listed.
*256MB modules not validated at time of print. See www .tyan.com for latest
memory compatibility information.
1knaBMMID2knaBMMID3knaBMMIDlatoT
1xBM800BM8
1xBM81xBM80BM61
1xBM81xBM81xBM8BM42
1xBM611xBM81xBM8BM23
1xBM611xBM611xBM8BM04
1xBM611xBM611xBM61BM84
1xBM231xBM611xBM61BM46
1xBM231xBM231xBM61BM08
1xBM231xBM231xBM23BM69
1xBM461xBM231xBM23BM821
1xBM461xBM461xBM23BM061
1xBM461xBM461xBM46BM291
1xBM8211xBM461xBM46BM652
1xBM8211xBM8211xBM46BM023
1xBM8211xBM8211xBM821BM483
1xBM6521xBM6520*BM215
1xBM6521xBM6521xBM652*BM867
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Cache Memory
Celeron processors have the L2 (Level 2) cache built into their architecture, so
there is no need for an L2 cache on the motherboard. The Celeron processor
has a physical L2 cache size of 128KB and a cacheable memory area of 512MB.
4. Installing the CPU and Cooling Fan
Socket 370 type Celeron processors (300 through 400MHz) can be used on the
T omahawk BX/A+. Please refer to page 15 for the correct CPU jumper settings for
your CPU. Remember:
• The CPU is a sensitive electronic component and it can easily be damaged
by static electricity . Do not touch the CPU pins with your fingers. Yo u
should be able to insert the CPU into the socket with virtually zero force.
Do not press down hard on the CPU as you will bend or break pins.
Pin 1 on the CPU is
denoted by a small dot
on one of the corners
and Pin 1 on the ZIF
socket is denoted by an
angled corner . Never
force a CPU into a
socket. Forcing a CPU
to seat will bend the
pins on the CPU and
possibly damage the
motherboard. Check
with your vendor or
manufacturer for proper
voltage selection.
Figure 2-8
Push down lightly on the CPU, and lower the arm on the ZIF socket to secure
the CPU. A squeaking noise is normal as the arm lowers. After the CPU is
securely seated, install the appropriate cooling device. Tyan strongly
recomends a heatsink/fan combination. Consult with your case manufacturer
for other cooling options.
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Chapter 2
Onboard Resource Settings
Locate the cooling fan connector (e.g. CPU Fan, J4) on the motherboard. Plug the
CPU’ s cooling fan cable into the cooling fan connector on the board. There will
be a plastic clip assembly similar to that of the ATX power connector that will
force you to connect the fan cable correctly (see Figure 2-9 below).
You will need to connect the CPU’s fan cable to the fan power connector on
the board. Locate the fan connector (e.g. FAN1) on the motherboard. Plug the
CPU’ s fan cable into the fan connector . There will be a plastic clip assembly
similar to that of the ATX power connector that will force you to connect the
fan cable correctly .
5. Connecting IDE and Floppy Drives
The colored stripe on a ribbon cable should face toward the battery on the
motherboard. Make sure that Pin 1 (denoted by a red stripe) is connected so
that it is next to the power connector of the drive. The primary IDE connector
is black; the secondary IDE connector is white. In most cases, this is the
proper way of connecting your IDE cable to the hard drive. Figure 2-10 on the
next page shows the IDE cable properly connected to the motherboard.
Contact your hard disk drive manufacturer or documentation for more information.
Figure 2-9
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ONBOARD
Some symptoms of incorrectly
installed HDDs are:
• Hard disk drives are
not auto-detected:
may be a Master/
Slave problem or a
bad IDE cable.
Contact your vendor.
• Hard Disk Drive Fail
message at bootup:
may be a bad cable or
lack of power going
to the drive.
• No video or beeps on
bootup: usually
means the cable is on
backwards.
• Hard drive lights are
constantly on: bad
IDE cable or defective drives/motherboard. Try another HDD.
• Hard drives do not power up: check power cables and cabling.
May also be a bad power supply or IDE drive.
Connecting Floppy Drives
Pin 1 on the floppy cable is usually denoted by a red or colored stripe down one
side of the cable (see Figure 2-11 on the following page). Most of the current
floppy drives on the market require that the colored stripe be positioned so that it
is right next to the power connector . In most cases, there will be a key pin on the
cable which will force you to connect the cable properly .
Drive A: is usually attached to the end of the cable with the twist in it. Drive B: is
usually connected to the middle of the cable. Refer to your installation instructions or call your dealer if you are unsure about attaching floppy drives. Refer to
Figure 2-12 for a detailed anatomy of the floppy cable. Remember, you can only
have 2 floppy drives connected at any given time.
The color stripe on the cable should face toward the top of your chassis, or
toward the battery on the motherboard. Please refer to your documentation for
proper installation.
Figure 2-10
Pin 1
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Onboard Resource Settings
Some symptoms of incorrectly installed floppies are:
• Floppy drives are not detected: usually caused by faulty cables,
backward cables, or a bad floppy or motherboard. Try another single
floppy drive to verify the problem or try another cable. Also, check to
see if the onboard floppy is enabled in the BIOS.
• Floppy Drive Fail message at bootup: the cable, floppy, or
motherboard may be faulty . Try another cable or floppy drive to
verify .
• Light on the floppy is on constantly: a dead giveaway that the cable
is on backwards. Reverse the cable at the motherboard end and try
again.
Figure 2-1 1
Figure 2-12
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ONBOARD
6. Connecting the Power Supply
Tyan recommends using an ATX power supply that conforms to industry
standard revision 2.01. The Tomahawk BX/A+ motherboard comes equipped
with one onboard power connector.
Figure 2-13 below shows an ATX power connector. When plugging in the
power connector, make sure that the plastic clip on the power connector is
aligned with the plastic tab on the onboard connector (see Figure 2-14 below).
Make certain that you do not miss any pins because if you do, you will void
your warranty and cause damage to yourself or your motherboard when you
turn the system on. After connecting the power, make sure the connector is
seated firmly into its socket so it will not become loose or fall off when the
computer is jostled or moved.
7. Installing Add-on Cards
There are a few rules you need to follow when plugging in a card. In order to
assure proper operation and a quick installation, adhere to these guidelines:
• If you are going to install a PCI-Bus interface card on your system,
Figure 2-14
Figure 2-13
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Chapter 2
Onboard Resource Settings
be aware that any one of the 5 PCI slots can support a Master
or Slave device.
• NEVER force a card into a slot. If it doesn’t fit, look at the socket
on the computer to make sure there are no wires or other
obstructions to the slot.
• NEVER plug an ISA card into a PCI slot or a PCI card in an ISA
slot. You will void your warranty and damage your system board if
you do this.
• When plugging the card in, especially when installing long cards,
try to push the entire card in at one time. Don’t force one end of
the card into the socket first and then the other . This will create a
rocking motion between the card and the slot and it will damage the
pins within the socket.
• Make sure that the cards are seated securely into the slots.
• Before turning on the system, make sure no cards are touching
• NOTE: This motherboard operates on a 3.3 volt standby for PCI v2.2.
Because of this, you need to UNPLUG the AC power cord before
installing your card. Otherwise, the motherboard may automatically
power up when the card is inserted into the slot.
If you follow these basic guidelines, there shouldn’t be any problems with
installation. However, if you do encounter any problems, have a qualified
professional install your cards for you or contact your card manufacturer .
Remember, always read the manuals and installation notes that come with the
adapter cards. They contain important information which will help you install
the components right, the first time.
8. Connecting PS/2, USB, Serial & Parallel Devices
This board includes ports for USB, PS/2 mouse, and PS/2 keyboard devices.
Note that, for this board, the PS/2 mouse port is the upper PS/2 port, and the
PS/2 keyboard port is the lower PS/2 port.
The PS/2 connectors are probably quite familiar to you. The USB connectors,
however, may be foreign. The USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a versatile port.
This one port type can function as a serial, parallel, mouse, keyboard, or
joystick port. It is fast enough to support video transfer, and is capable of
supporting up to 127 daisy-chained peripheral devices. Figures 2-15 and 2-16
warning
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ONBOARD
on the next page shows the USB ports on the left and PS/2 ports on the right
(respectively).
Connecting Com and Printer Ports
W arning: When plugging in your keyboard and mouse, or when plugging
anything into a serial or Com port, make sure that the power is off. Connecting
these devices and ports while the power is on is called “hot plugging,” and
may damage your system.
Figure 2-17 at the top of the next page shows the ATX double row connectors
on this board. The Com and Printer ports, as well as the other ports, are
labeled.
Note: Only TYAN cables will work on this motherboard. If you are using an
existing case with old cables, your system will not function properly . Use only
TYAN-approved cables.
Y ou ar e done!
Other than checking the jumper settings and cable connections and putting
the case back on, you are done. Installing a new motherboard may sound
Figure 2-15 Figure 2-16
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Onboard Resource Settings
difficult, but by following these directions, you should have a fairly uneventful
time installing our products. If you do encounter problems, your dealer will be
able to help you, or you can consult one of our many technical support
resources (see page 7).
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why don’t I get a display after I put in my old DIMM module?
A: The 440BX chipset requires the memory manufacturer to program an
EEPROM chip with SPD (Serial Presence Detection) on the module in order for
the BIOS to program the 440BX’ s timing registers properly . Your DIMM may
not have the EEPROM chip on the module, or the EEPROM may not contain
the correct program. Check with your memory vendor for details. The figure on
the following page shows a DIMM module with an EEPROM chip.
Q: My system sometimes becomes unstable. How should I check the system?
A: The first thing to do is to check and see if you have any device conflict in
address, IRQ, or DMA. If you are using Windows 95, the Device Manager is a
good place to start. Please consult your operating system manual for details.
Second of all, slowing down the memory timing in the BIOS’ s chipset setup
section will help the situation, as well. Many memory modules are not suitable
Figure 2-17
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ONBOARD
for high performance systems and are probably the main source of your
problem.
Q: Can I use EDO DIMMs on this motherboard?
A: No. The Intel 440BX AGPset does not support EDO memory . The 440BX
AGPset supports bus speeds of 100MHz, and EDO memory does not. You
must use SDRAM (which does support 100MHz bus speeds) on this board.
Q: What is AGP?
A: AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is a new bus architecture for 3D graphics.
The AGP slot eliminates the PCI bandwidth bottleneck by bypassing the PCI
interface and accessing the system memory directly . Currently , the AGP
supports 1X and 2X modes, which yield bandwidths of 264MB/s (at 33MHz
bus speed) and 533MB/s (at 66MHz bus speed), respectively . Compare this
with the mere 132MB/s (at 33MHz bus speed) that you get with the PCI bus.
Q: Does my operating system support AGP?
A: Currently , only W indows 98 and W indows NT 5.0 will have built-in support
for AGP . Some AGP cards require Windows 95 OSR2.1 or a special driver from
Intel. Please check with your graphics vendor for more details.
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Chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
Introduction to Setup
This manual describes the Award EliteBIOS Setup program. The Setup
program lets you modify basic system configuration settings. The settings are
then stored in a dedicated battery-backed memory , called CMOS RAM, that
retains the information when the power is turned off.
The EliteBIOS in your computer is a customized version of an industrystandard BIOS for IBM PC AT–compatible personal computers. It supports
Intel x86 and compatible processors. The BIOS provides critical low-level
support for the system central processing, memory, and I/O subsystems.
The EliteBIOS has been customized by adding important, but nonstandard,
features such as virus and password protection, power management, and
detailed fine-tuning of the chipset controlling the system. The rest of this
manual is intended to guide you through the process of configuring your
system using Setup.
S tarting Setup
The EliteBIOS is immediately activated when you first turn on the computer.
The BIOS reads system configuration information in CMOS RAM and begins
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33
BIOS
the process of checking out the system and configuring it through the poweron self test (POST).
When these preliminaries are finished, the BIOS seeks an operating system on
one of the data storage devices (hard drive, floppy drive, etc.). The BIOS
launches the operating system and hands control of system operations to it.
During POST , you can start the Setup program in one of two ways:
1. By pressing <Del> immediately after switching the system on, or
2. By pressing the <Del> key or by simultaneously pressing <Ctrl>, <Alt>, and
<Esc> keys when the following message appears briefly at the bottom of the
screen during POST:
TO ENTER SETUP BEFORE BOOT PRESS DEL KEY
If the message disappears before you respond and you still wish to enter
Setup, restart the system to try again by turning it OFF then ON or pressing
the RESET button on the system case. You may also restart by simultaneously
pressing <Ctrl>, <Alt>, and <Delete> keys. If you do not press the keys at the
correct time and the system does not boot, an error message appears and you
are again asked to
PRESS F1 TO CONTINUE, DEL TO ENTER SETUP
Setup Keys
The table on the following page shows how to navigate in Setup using the
keyboard.
Getting Help
Press F1 to pop up a small help window that describes the appropriate keys to
use and the possible selections for the highlighted item. To exit the Help
Window press <Esc> or the F1 key again.
In Case of Problems
If, after making and saving system changes with Setup, you discover that your
computer no longer is able to boot, the EliteBIOS supports an override to the
CMOS settings that resets your system to its default configuration.
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Chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
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You can invoke this override by immediately pressing <Insert> when you
restart your computer . You can restart by either using the ON/OFF switch, the
RESET button or by pressing <Ctrl>, <Alt> and <Delete> at the same time.
The best advice is to alter only settings that you thoroughly understand. In
particular, do not change settings in the Chipset screen without a good reason.
The Chipset defaults have been carefully chosen by Award Software or your
system manufacturer for the best performance and reliability . Even a seemingly
small change to the Chipset setup may causing the system to become unstable.
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35
BIOS
Setup V ariations
Not all systems have the same Setup. While the basic look and function of the
Setup program remains the same for all systems, the appearance of your Setup
screens may differ from the screens shown here. Each system design and
chipset combination require custom configurations. In addition, the final
appearance of the Setup program depends on your system designer. Your
system designer can decide that certain items should not be available for user
configuration and remove them from the Setup program.
Main Setup Menu
When you enter the EliteBIOS CMOS Setup Utility , a Main Menu, similar to
the one shown below, appears on the screen. The Main Menu allows you to
select from several Setup functions and two exit choices. Use the arrow keys to
select among the items and press enter to accept and enter the sub-menu.
A brief description of each highlighted selection appears at the bottom of the
screen. Following is a brief summary of each Setup category .
ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5LET5A)
CMOS SETUP UTILITY
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
STANDARD CMOS SETUP INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS
BIOS FEATURES SETUP SUPERVISOR PASSWORD
CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP USER PASSWORD
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION
PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION HDD LOW LEVEL FORMAT
LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS SAVE & EXIT SETUP
LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS EXIT WITHOUT SAVING
Esc : Quit ↑ ↓ → ← : Select Item
F10 : Save & Exit Setup (Shift)F2 : Change Color
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Chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
S tandard CMOS Setup
Options in the original PC A T-compatible BIOS.
BIOS Features Setup
Award Software enhanced BIOS options.
Chipset Features Setup
Options specific to your system chipset.
Power Management Setup
Advanced Power Management (APM) options.
PnP/PCI Configuration
Plug and Play standard and PCI Local Bus configuration options.
Integrated Peripherals
I/O subsystems that depend on the integrated peripherals controller in your
system.
Supervisor/User Password
Change, set, or disable a password. In BIOS versions that allow separate user
and supervisor passwords, only the supervisor password permits access to
Setup. The user password generally allows only power-on access.
IDE HDD Auto Detection
Automatically detect and configure IDE hard disk parameters.
HDD Low Level Format
A utility for formatting hard disks..
Load BIOS Defaults
BIOS defaults are factory settings for the most stable, minimal-performance
system operations.
Load Setup Defaults
Setup defaults are factory settings for optimal-performance system operations.
Save & Exit Setup
Save settings in nonvolatile CMOS RAM and exit Setup.
Exit Without Saving
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BIOS
Abandon all changes and exit Setup.
S tandard CMOS Setup
In the Standard CMOS menu you can set the system clock and calendar , record
disk drive parameters and the video subsystem type, and select the type of
errors that stop the BIOS POST .
Date
The BIOS determines the day of the week from the other date information. This
field is for information only . Press the arrow keys to move to the desired field
(date, month, year). Press the PgUp or PgDn key to increment the setting, or
type the desired value into the field.
Time
The time format is based on the 24-hour military-time clock. For example, 1 p.m.
is 13:00:00. Press the arrow keys to move to the desired field. Press the PgUp or
PgDn key to increment the setting, or type the desired value into the field.
ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5LET59)
STANDARD CMOS SETUP
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
Date (mm:dd:yy) : Fri, Jul 10 1998
Time (hh:mm:ss) : 10 : 7 : 7
HARD DISKS TYPE SIZE CYLS HEAD PRECOMP LANDZ SECTOR MODE
Primary Master : Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO
Primary Slave : Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO
Secondary Master: Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO
Secondary Slave : Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO
Drive A : 1.44M, 3.5 in.
Drive B : None Base Memory: 640K
Extended Memory:130048K
Other Memory: 384K
Video : EGA/VGA
Halt On : All But Keyboard Total Memory:131072K
ESC : Quit ↑ ↓ → ← : Select Item PU/PD/+/- : Modify
F1 : Help (Shift)F2 : Change Color
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Chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
HARD DISKS
The BIOS supports up to four IDE drives. This section does not show
information about other IDE devices, such as a CD-ROM drive, or about other
hard drive types, such as SCSI drives. Note: We recommend that you select
type auto for all drives.
The BIOS can automatically detect the specifications and optimal operating
mode of almost all IDE hard drives. When you select type auto for a hard
drive, the BIOS detects its specifications during POST , every time the system
boots. If you do not want to select drive type auto, other methods of selecting
the drive type are available:
1. Match the specifications of your installed IDE hard drive(s) with the
preprogrammed values for drive types 1 through 45.
2. Select User and enter values into each drive parameter field.
3. Use the IDE HDD Auto Dectection function in Setup.
Here is a brief explanation of drive specifications:
T ype: The BIOS contains a table of pre-defined drive types. Each defined drive
type has a specified number of cylinders, number of heads, write
precompensation factor, landing zone, and number of sectors. Drives whose
specifications do not accommodate any pre-defined type are classified as type
user.
Size: Disk drive capacity (approximate). Note that this size is usually slightly
greater than the size of a formatted disk given by a disk-checking program.
Cyls: Number of cylinders
Head: Number of heads
Precomp: Write precompensation cylinder
Landz: Landing zone
Sector: Number of sectors
Mode: Auto, Normal, large, or LBA
Auto: The BIOS automatically determines the optimal mode.
Normal: Maximum number of cylinders, heads, and sectors
supported are 1024, 16, and 63.
Large: For drives that do not support LBA and have more than 1024
cylinders.
LBA (Logical Block Addressing): During drive accesses, the IDE
controller transforms the data address described by sector, head, and
cylinder number into a physical block address, significantly
improving data transfer rates. For drives with greater than 1024
cylinders.
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BIOS
Drive A, Drive B
Select the correct specifications for the diskette drive(s) installed in the
computer .
Video
Select the type of primary video subsystem in your computer. The BIOS
usually detects the correct video type automatically. The BIOS supports a
secondary video subsystem, but you do not select it in Setup.
Halt On
During the power-on self-test (POST), the computer stops if the BIOS detects a
hardware error. You can tell the BIOS to ignore certain errors during POST and
continue the boot-up process. These are the selections:
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Chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
Memory
You cannot change any values in the Memory fields; they are only for your
information. The fields show the total installed random access memory (RAM)
and amounts allocated to base memory , extended memory, and other (high)
memory . RAM is counted in kilobytes (KB: approximately one thousand bytes)
and megabytes (MB: approximately one million bytes).
RAM is the computer’s working memory , where the computer stores programs
and data currently being used, so they are accessible to the CPU. Modern
personal computers may contain up to 64 MB, 128 MB, or more.
Base Memory: T ypically 640 KB. Also called conventional memory .
The DOS operating system and conventional applications use this
area.
Extended Memory: Above the 1-MB boundary . Early IBM personal
computers could not use memory above 1 MB, but current PCs and
their software can use extended memory .
Other Memory: Between 640 KB and 1 MB; often called high
memory . DOS may load terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) programs,
such as device drivers, in this area, to free as much conventional
memory as possible for applications. Lines in your config.sys file that
start with loadhigh load programs into high memory .
BIOS Features Setup
The screen (shown on the following page) contains industry-standard options
additional to the core PC AT BIOS. This section describes all fields of fered by
A ward Software in this screen. The example screen below may vary from the
one in your Setup program. Your system board designer may omit or modify
some fields.
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BIOS
ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5LET59)
BIOS FEATURES SETUP
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
Virus Warning : Disabled Video BIOS Shadow : Enabled
CPU Internal Cache : Enabled C8000-CBFFF Shadow : Disabled
External Cache : Enabled CC000-CFFFF Shadow : Disabled
Quick Power On Self Test : Disabled D0000-D3FFF Shadow : Disabled
CPU L2 Cache ECC Checking : Disabled D4000-D7FFF Shadow : Disabled
Boot Sequence : A, C, SCSI D8000-DBFFF Shadow : Disabled
Swap Floppy Drive : Disabled DC000-DFFFF Shadow : Disabled
Boot Up Floppy Seek : Enabled
Boot Up NumLock Status : On
IDE HDD Block Mode : Disabled
Gate A20 Option : Normal
Memory Parity/ECC Check : Disabled
Typematic Rate Setting : Disabled
Typematic Rate (Chars/Sec) : 6
Typematic Delay (Msec) : 250
Security Option : Setup
PCI/VGA Palette Snoop : Disabled
OS Select For DRAM > 64MB : Non-OS2
ESC : Quit ↑↓ →← : Select Item
F1 : Help PU/PD/+/- : Modify
F5 : Old Values (Shift)F2 : Color
F6 : Load BIOS Defaults
F7 : Load Setup Defaults
BIOS Feature Setup - Default Settings Chart
Setting O pti on B I OS Defaul t Setup Default
Virus Warning D isabled Di sabled
C P UI nternal Cache E nabled E nabled
E xternal Ca che E nabl ed Enable d
C PUL2 Ca che E C CChecki ng Enabl ed E n able d
Quick Power On Self Test Di sabled Enabled
Boot Sequence A,C, SCSI A,C, SCS I
Sw ap Floppy Drive Disabled Disabled
Boot U p Fl oppy Seek Enabled Enabled
Boot Up NumLock Status On On
I D EHDDBl ock M ode Di sabled E n able d
Gate A20 Option N orm al F ast
Memory Parity / ECC Check Disabled Disabled
T ypem atic R ate Setti ng D isabled D i sabled
T ypem atic R ate (Chars/Sec) 6 6
Typemati c D elay (Msec) 250 250
Security Opti on Setup Setup
P C I/ VGA P alette Snoop D isabled Disabled
OS Select For DR AM> 64MB N on-OS2 Non-OS2
Vi deo BI OSShad ow E nabl ed Enable d
C 8000-C BFFFS hadow D i sabled D isabled
C C 000-C F F F FSh adow D isable d Di sabled
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BIOS Configuration
Settings Chart (Continued)
Virus W arning
When enabled, you receive a warning message if a program (specifically , a
virus) attempts to write to the boot sector or the partition table of the hard disk
drive. You should then run an anti-virus program. Keep in mind that this
feature protects only the boot sector, not the entire hard drive. Note: Many
disk diagnostic programs that access the boot sector table can trigger the
virus warning message. If you plan to run such a program, we recommend that
you first disable the virus warning.
CPU Internal Cache/External Cache
Cache memory is additional memory that is much faster than conventional
DRAM (system memory). CPUs from 486-type on up contain internal cache
memory , and most, but not all, modern PCs have additional (external) cache
memory. When the CPU requests data, the system transfers the requested data
from the main DRAM into cache memory , for even faster access by the CPU.
The External Cache field may not appear if your system does not have external
cache memory .
CPU L2 Cache ECC Checking
Enables Error Checking and correction (ECC) on the L2 cache onboard the
CPU.
Quick Power On Self Test
Select Enabled to reduce the amount of time required to run the power-on selftest (POST). A quick POST skips certain steps. We recommend that you
normally disable quick POST . Better to find a problem during POST than lose
data during your work.
Boot Sequence
The original IBM PCs loaded the operating system from drive A (floppy disk),
so IBM PC-compatible systems are designed to search for an operating system
first on drive A, and then on drive C (hard disk). However , modern computers
usually load the operating system from the hard drive, and may even load it
from a CD-ROM drive. The BIOS now offers a large number of boot devices
and boot sequence options.
Setting Option BIOS Default Setup Default
D000- D3FFFShadow Disabled Disabled
D4000- D7FFF Shadow Disabled Dis abled
D8000- DBFFFShadow Disabled Disabled
DC000-DFFFFShadow Disabled Disabled
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BIOS
Swap Floppy Drive
This field is effective only in systems with two floppy drives. Selecting
Enabled assigns physical drive B to logical drive A, and physical drive A to
logical drive B.
Boot Up Floppy Seek
When Enabled, the BIOS tests (seeks) floppy drives to determine whether they
have 40 or 80 tracks. Only 360-KB floppy drives have 40 tracks; drives with 720
KB, 1.2 MB, and 1.44 MB capacity all have 80 tracks. Because very few modern
PCs have 40-track floppy drives, we recommend that you set this field to
Disabled to save time.
Boot Up NumLock S tatus
T oggle between On or Of f to control the state of the NumLock key when the
system boots. When toggled On, the numeric keypad generates numbers
instead of controlling cursor operations.
IDE HDD Block Mode
Enables multi-sector transfers from the IDE drive in PIO mode.
Gate A20 Option
Gate A20 refers to the way the system addresses memory above 1 MB (extended memory). When set to Fast, the system chipset controls Gate A20.
When set to Normal, a pin in the keyboard controller controls Gate A20.
Setting Gate A20 to Fast improves system speed, particularly with OS/2 and
Windows.
Memory Parity/ECC Check
Select Enabled or Disabled. If Enabled, allows memory checking when the
BIOS detects the presence of ECC or Parity DRAM.
T ypematic Rate Setting
When Disabled, the following two items (T ypematic Rate and T ypematic
Delay) are irrelevant. Keystrokes repeat at a rate determined by the keyboard
controller in your system. When Enabled, you can select a typematic rate and
typematic delay .
T ypematic Rate (Chars/Sec)
When the typematic rate setting is enabled, you can select a typematic rate
(the rate at which character repeats when you hold down a key) of 6, 8, 10,12,
15, 20, 24 or 30 characters per second.
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BIOS Configuration
T ypematic Delay (Msec)
When the typematic rate setting is enabled, you can select a typematic delay
(the delay before key strokes begin to repeat) of 250, 500, 750 or 1000 milliseconds.
Security Option
If you have set a password, select whether the password is required every time
the System boots, or only when you enter Setup.
PCI/VGA Palette Snoop
Your BIOS Setup many not contain this field. If the field is present, leave at
Disabled.
OS Select for DRAM > 64MB
Select OS2 only if you are running OS/2 operating system with greater than 64
MB of RAM on your system.
Video BIOS Shadow
Software that resides in a read-only memory (ROM) chip on a device is called
firmware. The EliteBIOS permits shadowing of firmware such as the system
BIOS, video BIOS, and similar operating instructions that come with some
expansion peripherals, such as, for example, a SCSI adaptor .
Shadowing copies firmware from ROM into system RAM, where the CPU can
read it through the 16-bit or 32-bit DRAM bus. Firmware not shadowed must
be read by the system through the 8-bit X-bus. Shadowing improves the
performance of the system BIOS and similar ROM firmware for expansion
peripherals, but it also reduces the amount of high memory (640 KB to 1 MB)
available for loading device drivers, etc.
Enable shadowing into each section of memory separately . Many system
designers hardwire shadowing of the system BIOS and eliminate a System
BIOS Shadow option.
V ideo BIOS shadows into memory area C0000-C7FFF . The remaining areas
shown on the BIOS Features Setup screen may be occupied by other expansion card firmware. If an expansion peripheral in your system contains ROMbased firmware, you need to know the address range the ROM occupies to
shadow it into the correct area of RAM.
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BIOS
Chipset Features Setup
This section describes features of the Intel 440EX chipset.
Advanced Options
The parameters in this screen are for system designers, service personnel, and
technically competent users only. Do not reset these values unless you
understand the consequences of your changes. Note: This chapter describes
all fields offered by Award Software in this screen. Your system board designer
may omit or modify some fields.
Bank 0/1 DRAM Timing : FP/EDO 70ns Auto Detect DIMM/PCI Clk : Enabled
Bank 2/3 DRAM Timing : FP/EDO 70ns Spread Spectrum Modulate : Disabled
Bank 4/5 DRAM Timing : SDRAM 10ns CPU Host/PCI Clock : Default
SDRAM Cycle Length : 3
DRAM Clock : Disabled
Memory Hole : Disabled
Read Around Write : Disabled
Concurrent PCI/Host : Disabled
System BIOS Cacheable : Disabled
Video RAM Cacheable : Disabled
AGP Aperture Size : 64M
AGP-2x Mode : Enabled
PC 98 LED : Disabled
OnChip USB : Disabled
ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5LET59)
CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
ESC : Quit ↑↓ →← : Select Item
F1 : Help PU/PD/+/- : Modify
F5 : Old Values (Shift)F2 : Color
F6 : Load BIOS Defaults
F7 : Load Setup Defaults
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Chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
Chipset Features Setup - Default Settings Chart
Bank 0/1, 2/3, 4/5 DRAM Timing
The system board designer must select the proper value for these fields,
according to the specifications of the installed DRAM chips. Turbo mode
reduces CAS access time by 1 clock tick.
SDRAM Cycle Length
This field sets the CAS latency timing.
DRAM Clock
Allows you to set the memory clock speed to either 66MHz or equal to the
CPU clock speed, depending on your memory speed.
Memory Hole
This option specifies the location of an area of memory that cannot be
addressed on the ISA bus. The settings are Disabled, 512KB-64KB, or 15MB16MB.
Read Around Write
Increases memory throughput.
Concurrent PCI/Host
Allows access of multiple PCI devices simultaneously by the CPU.
Setting O ption BIOS Default S etup D efault
Bank0/1 DRAM Ti ming SDRAM 10ns SD RAM8ns
Bank2/3 DRAM Ti ming SDRAM 10ns SD RAM8ns
Bank4/5 DRAM Ti ming SDRAM 10ns SD RAM8ns
SDRAMCycle Length 3 3
DRAM Clock Host CLK Host CLK
Memory Hole Disabled Disabled
R ead Around Write Disabled D isabled
C oncurrent P C I /H ost Disabled Disabled
SystemB IOSC acheabl e Di sabled D i sabled
Vi deo RAMC a cheable Disabl ed D i sabled
AG PAperture Size 64M 64M
AGP-2x M ode E nabled E nabled
PC '98 LED Disabled Disabled
OnChip USB Disabled Disabled
Auto Det ect D IM M/ P CIC LK Enabled E nab le d
Spread SpectrumModul ated D i sabled D i sabled
CPU Host/PCI Clock Default Default
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BIOS
System BIOS Cacheable
If Enabled, results in better system performance by permitting caching of the
system BIOS ROM at F0000h-FFFFFh. Any program which tries to write to this
memory area, however, may cause a system error .
Video RAM Cacheable
Increases video performance by caching video memory .
AGP Aperture Size
Select the size of the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) aperture. The aperture is
a portion of the PCI memory address range dedicated for graphics memory
address space. Host cycles that hit the aperture range are forwarded to the
AGP without any translation. See www .agpforum.or g for AG P information.
AGP-2x Mode
Enables the 2X AGP mode for higher AGP throughput. A 2X AGP graphics card
is required to enable this function.
PC ‘98 LED
When enabled, the Power LED on the motherboard will be green when power
is on, yellow when in sleep mode, and off when power is off.
OnChip USB
The chipset contains an integrated USB controller. Select Enabled if you have
USB peripherals.
Auto Detect DIMM/ PCI CLK
Allows you to manually select DRAM wait states, or let wait states be auto
detected via the specs programmed into the SPD EPROM chip on your memory
modules.
Spread Spectrum Modulated
Reduces EMI from the CPU clock.
CPU Host/PCI Clock
Controls the clock speeds for the CPU and PCI bus. The maximum rated PCI
bus speed is 33MHz. This feature allows overclocking the CPU, memory and
PCI bus. Tyan does not recommend and is not responsible for functional
problems associated with overclocking. If lockups or memory errors occur you
may need to reduce the CPU Host/PCI Clock speeds.
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BIOS Configuration
Power Management Setup
Note: This chapter describes all fields offered by Award Software in this
screen. Your system board designer may omit or modify some fields.
Power Management Setup - Default Settings Chart
Settings Chart (Continued)
ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5LET5A)
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
ACPI Function : Disabled Primary INTR : ON
Power Management : User Define IRQ3(COM2) : Primary
PM Control by APM : No IRQ4(COM1) : Primary
Video Off Option : Suspend->Off IRQ5(LPT2) : Primary
Video Off Method : V/H SYNC+Blank IRQ6(Floppy Disk) : Primary
MODEM Use IRQ : 3 IRQ7(LPT1) : Primary
Soft-Off by PWRBTN : Delay 4 sec. IRQ8(RTC Alarm) : Disabled
HDD Power Down : Disabled IRQ9(IRQ2 Redir) : Secondary
Doze Mode : Disabled IRQ10(Reserved) : Secondary
Suspend Mode : Disabled IRQ11(Reserved) : Secondary
** PM Events ** IRQ12(PS/2 Mouse) : Primary
VGA : OFF IRQ13(Coprocessor) : Disabled
LPT & COM : LPT/COM IRQ14(Hard Disk) : Primary
HDD & FDD : ON IRQ15(Reserved) : Disabled
DMA/master : OFF
Modem Ring Resume : Disabled
RTC Alarm Resume : Disabled
Wake Up On LAN : Disabled
ESC : Quit ↑↓ →← : Select Item
F1 : Help PU/PD/+/- : Modify
F5 : Old Values (Shift)F2 : Color
F6 : Load BIOS Defaults
F7 : Load Setup Defaults
Setting Option B IOSD efault Setup Default
ACPIFunction Enabled Enabled
Pow er Management User Define User Define
PM Control by APM Y es Yes
Video Off Option Suspend Suspend
Video Off M ethod V/ HSYNC+Blank V/ HSYNC+Blank
MODEM Use IRQ 3 3
S o ft - Offb yPWRB TN I n s t a n tO ff De la y4sec
HDDPower Dow n Disabled Disabled
Doze Mode Disabled Disabled
Suspend Mode Disabled Disabled
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BIOS
ACPI Function
Enable or disable Advanced Configuration Power Interface.
Power Management
This option allows you to select the type (or degree) of power saving for Doze,
Standby, and Suspend modes. See the section PM Timers for a brief description of each mode. This table describes each power management mode:
PM Control by APM
If Advanced Power Management (APM) is installed on your system, selecting
Yes gives better power savings.
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Setting Option BIOS Default Setup Default
VGA OFF OFF
LPT&COM LPT/COM LPT/COM
HDD & FDD ON ON
DMA/master OFF OFF
M odemRing R esume Disabled Disabled
RTC Alarm Resume Disabled Disabled
Wake U pon LAN Disabled Di sabled
Primary INTR ON ON
IRQ3 (COM2) Primary Primary
IRQ4 (COM1) Primary Primary
IRQ5 (LPT2) Primary Primary
IRQ6 (Floppy Disk) Primary Primary
IRQ7 (LPT1) Primary Primary
IRQ8 (RTC Alarm) Disable d Disabled
IRQ9 (IRQ2 R ed i r) Secondary Secondary
IRQ10 (Reserved) Secondary Secondary
IRQ11 (Reserved) Secondary Secondary
IRQ12 (P S /2Mouse) Primary Primary
I RQ13 (Coprocessor) D isabled P rimary
IRQ14 (HardDisk) Primary Primary
IRQ15 (Reserved) Di sable d Disabled
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Video Off Option
Selects the power-saving modes during which the monitor goes blank.
Video Off Method
Determines the manner in which the monitor is blanked. The Blank Screen
option will let the system BIOS blank the screen when disabling video. V/H
sync+Blank will allow the system BIOS to turn off the V-SYNC and H-SYNC
signals running from the VGA card to the monitor .
MODEM Use IRQ
If Modem Ring Resume is Enabled, it is possible to wake the system by dialing
in to it. This field determines which IRQ will be monitored for the incoming call.
Soft-Off by PWRBTN
When you select Instant Off or Delay 4 Sec., turning the system off with the
on/off button places the system in a very low power usage state, either
immediately or after 4 seconds, with only enough circuitry receiving power to
detect wake-up event activity.
** PM Timers **
The following modes are Green PC power saving functions that are userconfigurable only in User Defined Power Management mode.
HDD Power Down
After the selected period of drive inactivity (1 to 15 minutes), the hard disk
drive powers down while all other devices remain active.
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BIOS
Doze Mode
After the selected period of system inactivity (1 minute to 1 hour), the CPU
clock runs at slower speed while all other devices still operate at full speed.
Suspend Mode
After the selected period of system inactivity (1 minute to 1 hour), all devices
except the CPU shut off.
** PM Events **
A power management (PM) event awakens the system from, or resets activity
timers for, Suspend mode. You can disable monitoring of common interrupt
requests so they do not generate PM events.
VGA
When On, any video activity is a PM event.
LPT & COM
Select none, or one or more, ports whose activity is a PM event.
HDD & FDD
When On, any hard drive or floppy drive activity is a PM event.
DMA/master
When On, any DMA or bus master activity is a PM event.
Modem Ring Resume
When Enabled, an input signal on the serial Ring Indicator (RI) line (in other
words, an incoming call on the modem) awakens the system from Suspend
mode.
RTC Alarm Resume
When Enabled, you can set the date and time at which the R TC (real-time
clock) alarm awakens the system from Suspend mode.
W ake Up on LAN
This feature allows remote power up through a LAN connection when used in
conjunction with a Wake on LAN compliant network adapter and appropriate
software.
Primary INTR
A system peripheral signals that it wants to gain the attention of the operating
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BIOS Configuration
system by sending an interrupt request. When the system is in Suspend mode,
IRQ activity can cause a Primary or Secondary wake-up. When Primary INTR
is On, the IRQs in the above fields can be configured as Primary , Secondary, or
Disabled.
IRQn
The following is a list of IRQs (Interrupt Request Lines) assigned to common
system peripherals.
IRQ3 (COM2) IRQ10 (Reserved)
IRQ4 (COM1) IRQ11 (Reserved)
IRQ5 (LPT2) IRQ12 (PS/2 Mouse)
IRQ6 (Floppy Disk) IRQ13 (Coprocessor)
IRQ7 (LPT1) IRQ14 (Hard Disk)
IRQ8 (R TC Alarm) IRQ15 (Reserved)
IRQ9 (IRQ2 Redir)
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BIOS
PnP/PCI Configuration
Note: This chapter describes all fields offered by Award Software in this
screen. Your system board designer may omit or modify some fields.
PnP / PCI Configuration - Default Settings Chart
ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5LET5A)
PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
PNP OS Installed : No
Resources Controlled By : Auto
Reset Configuration Data : Disabled
ESC : Quit ↑↓ →← : Select Item
F1 : Help PU/PD/+/- : Modify
F5 : Old Values (Shift)F2 : Color
F6 : Load BIOS Defaults
F7 : Load Setup Defaults
CPU to PCI Write Buffer : Enabled
PCI Dynamic Bursting : Enabled
PCI Master 0 WS Write : Enabled
PCI Delay Transaction : Enabled
PCI#2 Access #1 Retry : Disabled
AGP Master 1 WS Write : Enabled
AGP Master 1 WS Read : Disabled
PCI IRQ Activated By : Level
Assign IRQ for VGA : Disabled
Setting O ption B IO S D efaul t Setup D efault
PnP OS Installed No No
Resources Controlled By Auto Auto
Reset C onfiguration Data D isabled Di sabled
CPUto PCIWrite Buffer E nabled Enabled
P CIDynamic Bursting Disabled Enabled
P CIMaster 0 WS Write E nabled E nabled
P CIDelay T ransaction Disabled Enabled
P CIM aster Read Prefetch Disabled E nabled
P CI#2 Access #1 Retry Disabled Disabled
AGPMaster 1 WS Write Disabled Enabled
AGPM aster 1 WS Read Disabled Di sabled
P CIIR Q Activated By Level Level
Assign IR Q for VGA Disabled Enabled
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PNP OS Installed
Select Yes if the system operating environment is Plug-and-Play aware (e.g.,
W indows 95).
Resources Controlled By
The Plug and Play EliteBIOS can automatically configure all the boot and Plug
and Play-compatible devices. If you select Auto, all the interrupt request (IRQ)
and DMA assignment fields disappear, because the BIOS automatically
assigns them.
Reset Configuration Data
Normally , you leave this field Disabled. Select Enabled to reset Extended
System Configuration Data (ESCD) when you exit Setup if you have installed a
new add-on and the system reconfiguration has caused such a serious conflict
that the operating system cannot boot.
IRQ-n Assigned to
When resources are controlled manually, assign each system interrupt as one
of the following types, depending on the type of device using the interrupt:
Legacy ISA: Devices compliant with the original PC AT bus
specification, requiring a specific interrupt (such as IRQ4 for serial
port 1).
PCI/ISA PnP: Devices compliant with the Plug and Play standard,
whether designed for PCI or ISA bus architecture.
DMA-n Assigned to
When resources are controlled manually, assign each system DMA channel as
one of the following types, depending on the type of device using the
interrupt:
Legacy ISA: Devices compliant with the original PC AT bus
specification, requiring a specific DMA channel
PCI/ISA PnP: Devices compliant with the Plug and Play standard,
whether designed for PCI or ISA bus architecture.
CPU to PCI Write Buffer
When this field is Enabled, writes from the CPU to the PCI bus are buffered, to
compensate for the speed differences between the CPU and the PCI bus.
When Disabled, the writes are not buffered and the CPU must wait until the
write is complete before starting another write cycle.
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BIOS
PCI Dynamic Bursting
When Enabled, every write transaction goes to the write buffer. Burstable
transactions then burst on the PCI bus; nonburstable transactions do not.
PCI Master 0 WS Write
When this field is Enabled, writes to the PCI bus are executed with zero wait
states.
PCI Delay T ransaction
The chipset has an embedded 32-bit posted write buffer to support delay
transaction cycles. Select Enabled to support compliance with PCI specification version 2.1.
PCI Master Read Prefetch
A prefetch occurs during a read operations process when the controller
“peeks” at the next instruction and actually begins the next read instruction.
When this field is Enabled, the PCI bus master device is allowed to prefetch
the next read instruction and initiate the next read operation.
PCI#2 Access #1 Retry
Select Enabled to rotate priority of PCI masters.
AGP Master 1 WS Write
Select Enabled to add one clock tick to AGP write operations.
AGP Master 1 WS Read
Select Enabled to add one clock tick to AGP read operations.
PCI IRQ Activated By
Leave the IRQ trigger set at Level unless the PCI device assigned to the
interrupt specifies Edge-triggered interrupts.
Assign IRQ for USB
Assign an IRQ number to the onboard USB port.
Assign IRQ for VGA
Assign an IRQ number to your VGA adapter .
Assign IRQ for ACPI
Assign an IRQ number to ACPI.
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Integrated Peripherals
Note: This chapter describes all fields offered by Award Software in this
screen. Your system board designer may omit or modify some fields.
Integrated Peripherals - Default Settings Chart
OnChip IDE Channel 0 : Enabled UART2 Mode : Normal
OnChip IDE Channel 1 : Enabled
IDE Prefetch Mode : Disabled
IDE Primary Master PIO : Auto Onboard Parallel Port : 378/IRQ7
IDE Primary Slave PIO : Auto Onboard Parallel Mode : SPP
IDE Secondary Master PIO : Auto
IDE Secondary Slave PIO : Auto
IDE Primary Master UDMA : Disabled PWRON After PWR Fail : Off
IDE Primary Slave UDMA : Disabled
IDE Secondary Master UDMA : Disabled
IDE Secondary Slave UDMA : Disabled
Init Display First : PCI Slot
Power On Function : Button Only
KBC Input Clock : 8MHz
Onboard FDD Controller : Enabled
Onboard Serial Port 1 : 3F8/IRQ4
Onboard Serial Port 2 : 2F8/IRQ3
ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A5LET59)
INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS
AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
ESC : Quit ↑↓ →← : Select Item
F1 : Help PU/PD/+/- : Modify
F5 : Old Values (Shift)F2 : Color
F6 : Load BIOS Defaults
F7 : Load Setup Defaults
Setting O ption B IO S D efaul t Setup Defaul t
OnChip ID E First Channel Enabled E nabled
OnChip ID E Second C hannel Enabled E nabled
I DEPrefetch Mode D isabled Di sabled
I D EP ri m ary M a ster P I O Aut o Aut o
I D EP ri m ary S la ve P I O Auto Auto
IDESecondary Master P IO Auto Auto
IDESecondary Slave PI O Auto Auto
IDE Primary Master UDMA Disabled Disabled
I D EP ri m ary S la ve U D M A D i sabl ed D i sabl ed
IDESecondary Master UDMA Disabled Disabled
I DESecondary Slave UD MA Disabled Disabled
Init Display First PCISlot PCI Slot
POWER ON Function BUTTON ONLY BUTTON ONLY
KBCI nput Clock 8M Hz 8 MH z
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BIOS
Settings Chart (Continued)
On-Chip PCI IDE First/Second Channel
This chipset contains a PCI IDE interface with support for two IDE channels.
Select Enabled to activate the primary and/or secondary onboard IDE interface.
Select Disabled to deactivate this interface, if you install a primary and/or
secondary add-in IDE interface.
IDE Prefetch Mode
The onboard IDE drive interface supports IDE prefetching for faster drive
accesses. If you install a primary and/or secondary add-in IDE interface, set
this field to Disabled if the interface does not support prefetching.
IDE Primary/Secondary Master/Slave PIO
The four IDE PIO (Programmed Input/Output) fields let you set a PIO mode (0-
4) for each of up to four IDE devices that the internal PCI IDE interface
supports. Modes 0 through 4 provide successively increased performance. In
Auto mode, the system automatically determines the best mode for each
device.
IDE Primary/Secondary Master/Slave UDMA
UDMA (Ultra DMA) is a DMA data transfer protocol that utilizes ATA
commands and the ATA bus to allow DMA commands to transfer data at a
maximum burst rate of 33 MB/s. When you select Auto in the four IDE UDMA
fields (for each of up to four IDE devices that the internal PCI IDE interface
supports), the system automatically determines the optimal data transfer rate
for each IDE device.
Init Display First
Select the type of display adapter used in your system.
POWER ON Function
This option enables power on from W indows 98 keyboard, right or left mouse
Setting Options BIOS Default Setup Default
Onboard Serial P ort 1 3F8 / IRQ4 3F8 / I R Q 4
Onboard Serial P ort 2 2F8 / I R Q 3 2F 8 / IR Q 3
U ART2 M ode Standard Standard
On board P arallel Po rt 378 / IRQ7 378 / IRQ7
On board P arallel Mode SPP SPP
PWRON After PWR-Fail Off Of f
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BIOS Configuration
button, password, hotkey, or power button. Note: If you use the keyboard
password option to power on your system, the power button will be disabled.
KBC Input Clock
Allows you to adjust the keyboard clock signal.
Onboard FDD Controller
Select Enabled if your system has a floppy disk controller (FDC) installed on
the system board and you wish to use it. If you install an add-in FDC or the
system has no floppy drive, select Disabled in this field.
Onboard Serial Port 1/ 2
Select a logical COM port address and corresponding interrupt for the first and
second serial ports. The second serial port offers infrared options in the next
field.
UART2 Mode
Select an operating mode for the second serial port:
Onboard Parallel Port
Select a logical LPT port address and corresponding interrupt for the physical
parallel port.
Onboard Parallel Mode
Select a mode for the onboard parallel port.
PWRON After PWR Fail
This option enables the system to: (1) always power on when power is
restored following a power outage; (2) always remain off when power is
restored following a power outage; or (3) restore / maintain the last power
status before power failure.
User Password
When you select this function, a message appears at the center of the screen:
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BIOS
ENTER P ASSWORD:
Type the password, up to eight characters, and press Enter. Typing a password
clears any previously entered password from CMOS memory . Now the
message changes:
CONFIRM P ASSWORD:
Again, type the password and press Enter. To abort the process at any time,
press Esc.
In the Security Option item in the BIOS Features Setup screen, select System
or Setup:
Note: To clear the password, simply press Enter when asked to enter a
password. Then the password function is disabled.
Flash Writer Utility
You can upgrade the BIOS on your motherboard by using the Flash Memory
Writer (FMW) utility . This utility can be downloaded from TYAN’s BBS and
from the TYAN website. The system BIOS is stored on a flash EEPROM chip
on the mainboard, which can be erased and reprogrammed by the FMW. The
following three files make up the FMW:
AWDF LA S H. E X E The Flash Memory Writer utility for Award to
Award upgrade.
README.TXT A text file of instructions.
S71A WXX.BIN* The new BIOS file.
(*This file name is subject to change and can have either a .bin or .rom extension.)
The FMW records (or programs) a new BIOS onto the flash memory chip. You
cannot upgrade an Award BIOS to an AMI BIOS or vice-versa.
Note: You should always clear your CMOS after flashing a BIOS. This will clear
out any stray settings from your old BIOS which may have been carried over
metsyS
revenehwdnastoobmetsysehtemithcaedrowssaparetnE
.puteSretneuoy
puteS.puteSretneuoyrevenehwdrowssaparetnE
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60
Chapter 3
BIOS Configuration
from the flashing process. Most problems encountered after flashing a BIOS
will be solved by this simple procedure (see Hardware CMOS & Password
Reset, page 33).
T o reprogram the system BIOS, the CPU must be running in real mode. FMW
will not run if the CPU is operating in a protected or virtual mode. This means
that you cannot run it with W indows running or with any memory manager
software. You must disable any memory manager software before you can run
FMW. The easiest way to do this is as follows:
1) Boot your system from a bootable floppy disk with no CONFIG.SYS or
AUTOEXEC.BAT files, and then run FMW from a backup copy of your
support disk. You can make your back-up floppy bootable when you format it,
and use one disk for both purposes.
2) If you are using MS-DOS 6.x, you can use the feature that allows you to
bypass the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. You can access this
feature by pressing <F5> while the “Starting MS-DOS...” line is on the screen
during boot-up.
If you are uncertain whether or not you have a memory manager running, try
FMW. If it works, then there is no active memory manager on your system. If
you see a warning message about the CPU mode, follow the above directions
to get around the memory manager.
Once you have your CPU in real mode, you can run FMW. You can copy the
contents of the “Flash” directory to your hard drive, or you can run the utility
from a backup of the support floppy disk. Either way , make sure that the new
BIOS file is in the same directory as the FMW utility .
To start FMW , change to the “Flash” directory if you are not already in it.
T ype “awdflash” at the DOS command line and press the <Enter> key. The
FMW utility screen will appear:
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S1856 T omahawk BX/A+
61
BIOS
T ype in the whole file name, e.g. A61A W10.BIN, and confirm that you want to
program the BIOS. The utility will then “Blank,” “Erase,” and “Program” the
flash memory on the mainboard with the new BIOS file. You should choose
“Yes” to save the original system BIOS to a floppy diskette before you
program the new BIOS. This leaves you with a backup of your original BIOS in
case you need to re-install it. If you cannot successfully program the new
BIOS file for some reason, re-install your original BIOS from the backup file.
Remember, always reset the CMOS after flashing to a new BIOS (see page 33).
Warning: If you do not successfully install a complete BIOS file in the flash
memory on the mainboard, your system may not be able to boot. If this
happens, it will require service by your system vendor. Follow the instructions
in this section precisely to avoid such an inconvenience.
For VX/HX-2A59CT51 Date:4/13/98
File Name to Program:
Error Message:
FLASH MEMORY WRITER V3.0
Copyright(C) 1993, AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.
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62
Chapter 4
System Resources
chapter 4
System Resources
Beep Codes
Fatal errors, which halt the boot process, are communicated through a series of
audible beeps. If AMIBIOS POST can initialize the system video display , it
displays the error message. Displayed error messages, in most cases, allow the
system to continue to boot. Displayed error messages are described on pages
71-72. See the top of the next page for the beep code chart.
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63
SYSTEM
T roubleshooting System Problems
If the computer beeps... then...
1, 2, or 3 times... reseat the memory SIMMs or DIPs.
If the system still beeps, replace the
memory .
6 times... reseat the keyboard controller chip. If
it still beeps, replace the keyboard
controller . If it still beeps, try a
different keyboard, or replace the
keyboard fuse, if there is one.
8 times... there is a memory error on the video
adapter . Replace the video adapter , or
the RAM on the video adapter.
9 times... the BIOS ROM chip is bad. The
system probably needs a new BIOS
ROM chip.
11 times... reseat the cache memory on the
motherboard. If it still beeps, replace
the cache memory .
4, 5, 7, or 10 times... for 5 or 7 beeps, first test with a new CPU - if that
does not solve the problem, then motherboard must
be replaced.
speeBegasseMrorrEnoitpircseD
1eruliaFhserfeR .ytluafsiyrtiucrichserferyromemehT
2rorrEytiraP .yromemfo)kcolbBK46tsrifeht(yromemesabehtnirorreytiraP
3eruliaFyromeMBK46esaB.BK46tsrifnieruliafyromeM
4lanoitarepOtoNremiT
tonsi1remiTro,yromemfoBK46tsrifehtnieruliafyromemA
.gninoitcnuf
5rorrErossecorP.rorrenadetarenegUPCehT
6eruliaF02AetaG-2408 .edomdetcetorpothctiwstonnaC
7rorrEtpurretnInoitpecxErossecorP .tpurretninoitpecxenadetarenegdraCUPCehtnoUPCehT
8rorrEetirW/daeRyromeMyalpsiD
sisihT.ytluafsiyromemstirognissimrehtiesiretpadaoedivmetsysehT
.rorrelatafaton
9rorrEmuskcehCMOR
nidedocneeulavehthctamtonseodeulavmuskcehcMORehT
.SOIBIMA
01rorrEetirW/daeRretsigeRnwodtuhSSOMC .deliafsahMARSOMCrofretsigernwodtuhsehT
11ehcaCelbanEtoNoD—daByromeMehcaC
sserptonoD.delbasidsiyromemehcaC.deliaftsetyromemehcacehT
.yromemehcacelbaneot>+<>tfihS<>tlA<>lrtC<
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64
Chapter 4
System Resources
Bootblock Recovery Codes
The bootblock recovery checkpoint codes are listed in order of execution.
Uncompressed Initialization Codes
The following routine checkpoint codes are listed in order of execution. These
codes are uncompressed in F000h shadow RAM. The table begins on the next
page.
edoCtniopkcehCnoitpircseD
h0E
gninnigeb,txeN.dezilaitinisielbaliavafirellortnocyppolfdraobnoehT
.tsetyromemBK215esabeht
h1E.txenelbatrotcevtpurretniehtgnizilaitinI
h2E.txensrellortnoctpurretnIdnaAMDehtgnizilaitinI
h6E
lanretnignilbanE.sQRIremiTdnarellortnocevirdyppolfehtgnilbanE
.yromemehcac
hDE.evirdyppolfehtgnizilaitinI
hEE
ehtforotcestsrifehtgnidaeR.:AevirdnietteksidyppolfarofgnikooL
.etteksid
hFE.:AevirdnievirdyppolfehtgnidaerelihwderruccororredaerA
h0F.yrotceridtoorehtnielifMOR.TOOBIMAehtrofgnihcraes,txeN
h1F.yrotceridtoorehtnitonsielifMOR.TOOBIMAehT
h2F
sretsulcehtdnifotTAFetteksidyppolfehtgnizylanadnagnidaer,txeN
.elifMOR.TOOBIMAehtybdeipucco
h3F.retsulcybretsulc,elifMOR.TOOBIMAehtgnidaer,txeN
h4F.ezistcerrocehttonsielifMOR.TOOBIMAehT
h5F.yromemehcaclanretnignilbasid,txeN
hBF.MORhsalffoepytehtgnitceted,txeN
hCF.MORhsalfehtgnisare,txeN
hDF.MORhsalfehtgnimmargorp,txeN
hFF
metsysehtgnitratser,txeN.lufsseccussawgnimmargorpMORhsalF
.SOIB
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S1856 T omahawk BX/A+
65
edoCtniopkcehCnoitpircseD
h30
norewoparotesertfosarofgnikcehc,txeN.delbasidsiIMNehT
.noitidnoc
h50.yromemehcacgnilbasid,txeN.tliubneebsahkcatsSOIBehT
h60.txenedocTSOPehtgnisserpmocnU
h70.aeraatadUPCehtdnaUPCehtgnizilaitini,txeN
h80.txenenodsinoitaluclacmuskcehcSOMCehT
hB0
TABdraobyekehterofebnoitazilaitinideriuqerynagnimrofrep,txeN
.deussisidnammoc
hC0
TABehtgniussi,txeN.eerfsireffubtupnirellortnocdraobyekehT
.rellortnocdraobyekehtotdnammoc
hE0
,txeN.deifirevneebsahtluserdnammocTABrellortnocdraobyekehT
TABrellortnocdraobyekehtretfanoitazilaitiniyrassecenynagnimrofrep
.tsetdnammoc
hF0
.enodsitsetdnammocTABrellortnocdraobyekehtretfanoitazilaitiniehT
.txennettirwsietybdnammocdraobyekehT
h01
32niPehtgniussi,txeN.nettirwsietybdnammocrellortnocdraobyekehT
.sdnammocgnikcolbnudnagnikcolb42dna
h11
.norewopgniruddesserperewsyek>snI<rodnE<ehtfignikcehc,txeN
toobyreveniMARSOMCezilaitinIehtfiMARSOMCgnizilaitinI
sawyek>dnE<ehtroPCBIMAnitessawnoitpoTSOPSOIBIMA
.desserp
h21 .2dna1srellortnoctpurretnidna2dna1srellortnocAMDgnilbasid,txeN
h31
,txeN.dezilaitinineebsahBtroP.delbasidneebsahyalpsidoedivehT
.tespihcehtgnizilaitini
h41.txennigeblliwtsetremit4528ehT
h91.txentsethserferyromemehtgnitratS.revositsetremit4528ehT
hA1
emitffo/nodnoces51ehtgnikcehC.gnilggotsienilhserferyromemehT
.txen
h32
CPneerGYEKAGEMehtgnilbasiddnatroptupni2408ehtgnidaeR
ynagnimrofrepdnaelbatirwtnemgesedocSOIBehtgnikaM.txenerutaef
.srotcevtpurretniehtgnizilaitinierofebnoitarugifnocyrassecen
h42
sahnoitazilaitinirotcevtpurretnierofebderiuqernoitarugifnocehT
.nigebottuobasinoitazilaitinirotcevtpurretnI.detelpmoc
h52
TSOPehtfidrowssapehtgniraelC.enodsinoitazilaitinirotcevtpurretnI
.nosihctiwsGAID
h72.txenenodeblliwedomoedivgnitteserofebnoitazilaitiniynA
h82
ehtgnirugifnoC.etelpmocsiedomoedivehtgnitteserofebnoitazilaitinI
.txensgnittesedomrolocdnaedomemorhconom
hA2
.tneserpfi,txenenodeblliwsecivedtuptuo,citats,metsysnoitazilaitinisuB
.noitamrofnilanoitiddarof17egapeeS
hB2
noitarugifnocderiuqerynamrofrepotMORoedivehtotlortnocgnissaP
.tsetMORoedivehterofeb
SYSTEM
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66
Chapter 4
System Resources
edoCtniopkcehCnoitpircseD
hC2
.enodsiMORoedivehtotlortnocgnissaperofebgnissecorpyrassecenllA
.tiotlortnocgnissapdnatxenMORoedivehtrofgnikooL
hD2
ynagnimrofreP.TSOPSOIBotlortnocdenrutersahMORoedivehT
.lortnocdahMORoedivehtretfagnissecorpderiuqer
hE2
rellortnocAGV/AGEehtfI.gnissecorptsetMORoediv-tsopdetelpmoC
.txentsetetirw/daeryromemyalpsidehtgnimrofrep,dnuoftonsi
hF2
etirw/daeryromemyalpsidehT.dnuoftonsawrellortnocAGV/AGEehT
.nigebottuobasitset
h03
gnikcehcecarterrofkooL.dessaptsetetirw/daeryromemyalpsidehT
.txen
h13
gnimrofreP.deliafgnikcehcecarterrotsetetirw/daeryromemyalpsidehT
.txentsetetirw/daeryromemyalpsidetanretlaeht
h23
etanretlarofgnikooL.dessaptsetetirw/daeryromemyalpsidetanretlaehT
.txengnikcehcecarteryalpsid
h43.txenedomyalpsidehtgnitteS.revosignikcehcyalpsidoediV
h73.txenegassemnorewopehtgniyalpsiD.tessiedomyalpsidehT
h83
egapeeS.tneserpfi,txensecivedlarenegdna,LPI,tupnisubehtgnizilaitinI
.noitamrofnilanoitiddarof17
h93
lanoitiddarof17egapeeS.segassemrorrenoitazilaitinisubgniyalpsiD
.noitamrofni
hA3
tiHehtgniyalpsiD.devasdnadaerneebsahnoitisoprosrucwenehT
.txenegassem>LED<
h04.txenselbatrotpircsedehtgniraperP
h24
ehtrofedomdetcetorpgniretnE.deraperperaselbatrotpircsedehT
.txentsetyromem
h34 .txenedomscitsongaidrofstpurretnignilbanE.edomdetcetorpderetnE
h44
kcehcotatadgnizilaitinI.nosihctiwsscitsongaidehtfidelbanestpurretnI
.txen0:0tadnuoraparwyromem
h54
ehtgnidnifdna0:0tadnuoraparwyromemrofgnikcehC.dezilaitiniataD
.txenezisyromemmetsyslatot
h64
noitaluclacezisyromemehT.detelpmocsahtsetdnuoraparwyromemehT
.txenyromemtsetotsnrettapgnitirW.detelpmocneebsah
h74
gnitirW.yromemdednetxeotnettirwneebsahnrettapyromemehT
.txenyromemBK046esabehtotsnrettap
h84
wolebyromemfotnuomaehtgninimreteD.yromemesabninettirwsnrettaP
.txenBM1
h94
.deifirevdnadnuofneebsahBM1wolebyromemfotnuomaehT
.txenyromemBM1evobayromemfotnuomaehtgninimreteD
hB4
.deifirevdnadnuofneebsahBM1evobayromemfotnuomaehT
tfosehtrofBM1wolebyromemehtgniraelcdnatesertfosarofgnikcehC
.txenhE4tniopkcehcotgniog,noitautisnorewopasisihtfI.txenteser
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S1856 T omahawk BX/A+
67
edoCtniopkcehCnoitpircseD
hC4
ehtgniraelC.tesertfosaaivderaelcneebsahBM1wolebyromemehT
.txenBM1evobayromem
hD4
ehtgnivaS.tesertfosaaivderaelcneebsahBM1evobayromemehT
.txenh25tniopkcehcotgnioG.txenezisyromem
hE4
ehtgniyalpsiD.tesertfosafotluserehtsatontub,detratstsetyromemehT
.txenezisyromemBK46tsrif
hF4
ehtgniruddetadpusiyalpsidehT.detratssahyalpsidezisyromemehT
.txentsetyromemmodnardnalaitneuqesehtgnimrofreP.tsetyromem
h05
ehtgnitsujdA.dezilaitinidnadetsetneebsahBM1wolebyromemehT
.txengniwodahsdnanoitacolerrofezisyromemdeyalpsid
h15
.gniwodahsdnanoitacolerrofdetsujdasawyalpsidezisyromemehT
.txenBM1evobayromemehtgnitseT
h25
ehtgnivaS.dezilaitinidnadetsetneebsahBM1evobayromemehT
.txennoitamrofniezisyromem
h35
gniretnE.devaserasretsigerUPCehtdnanoitamrofniezisyromemehT
.txenedomlaer
h45
etaGehtgnilbasiD.edomlaernisiUPCehT.lufsseccussawnwodtuhS
.txenIMNehtdna,ytirap,enil02A
h75
ehtgnitsujdA.delbasideraIMNehtdna,ytirap,enilsserdda02AehT
.txengniwodahsdnanoitacolernognidnepedezisyromem
h85
ehtgniraelC.gniwodahsdnanoitacolerrofdetsujdasawezisyromemehT
.txenegassem>LED<tiH
h95
.deyalpsidsiegassem>...TIAW<ehT.deraelcsiegassem>LED<tiHehT
.txentsetrellortnoctpurretnidnaAMDehtgnitratS
h06
1rellortnoCAMDehtgnimrofreP.dessaptsetretsigeregapAMDehT
.txentsetretsigeresab
h26
AMDehtgnimrofreP.dessaptsetretsigeresab1rellortnocAMDehT
.txentsetretsigeresab2rellortnoc
h56
AMDgnimmargorP.dessaptsetretsigeresab2rellortnocAMDehT
.txen2dna1srellortnoc
h66
9528ehtgnizilaitinI.2dna1srellortnocAMDgnimmargorpdetelpmoC
.txenrellortnoctpurretni
hF7.ssergorpnisignilbaneecruosIMNdednetxE
h08
rofgnikcehcdnareffubtuptuoehtgniraelC.detratssahtsetdraobyekehT
.txendnammocteserdraobyekehtgniussI.syekkcuts
h18
draobyekehtgniussI.dnuofsawyekkcutsrororreteserdraobyekA
.txendnammoctsetecafretnirellortnoc
h28
dnammocehtgnitirW.detelpmoctsetecafretnirellortnocdraobyekehT
.txenreffubralucricehtgnizilaitinidnaetyb
h38
.detelpmocsahnoitazilaitiniatadlabolgdnanettirwsawetybdnammocehT
.txenyekdekcolarofgnikcehC
SYSTEM
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68
Chapter 4
System Resources
edoCtniopkcehCnoitpircseD
h48
htiwhctamsimezisyromemarofgnikcehC.revosignikcehcyekdekcoL
.txenatadMARSOMC
h58
arofgnikcehcdnarorretfosagniyalpsiD.enodsikcehcezisyromemehT
.txenputeSSOIBNIWgnissapybrodrowssap
h68
erofebgnimmargorpderiuqerynagnimrofreP.dekcehcsawdrowssapehT
.txenputeSSOIBNIW
h78
gnisserpmocnU.detelpmocsahputeSSOIBNIWerofebgnimmargorpehT
roputeSSOIBIMAehtgnitucexednaedocputeSSOIBNIWeht
.txenytilituputeSSOIBNIW
h88
ynagnimrofreP.neercsehtderaelcdnaputeSSOIBNIWmorfdenruteR
.txenputeSSOIBNIWretfagnimmargorpyrassecen
h98
ehtgniyalpsiD.detelpmocsahputeSSOIBNIWretfagnimmargorpehT
.txenegassemneercsnorewop
hB8
siegassem>...TIAW<ehT.deyalpsidneebsahegassemneercstsrifehT
atadSOIBdednetxednakcehcesuom2/SPehtgnimrofreP.deyalpsid
.txenkcehcnoitacollaaera
hC8.txensnoitpoputeSSOIBNIWehtgnimmargorP
hD8
ksiddrahehtgnitteseR.demmargorperasnoitpoputeSSOIBNIWehT
.txenrellortnoc
hF8
evirdyppolfehtgnirugifnoC.teserneebsahrellortnocksiddrahehT
.txenrellortnoc
h19
ksiddrahehtgnirugifnoC.derugifnocneebsahrellortnocevirdyppolfehT
.txenrellortnocevird
h59
rof17egapeeS.txen008CmorfsMORnoitposubehtgnizilaitinI
.noitamrofnilanoitidda
h69.008CtaMORrotpadaehtotlortnocgnissaperofebgnizilaitinI
h79
.detelpmocsahlortnocsniagMORrotpada008CehterofebnoitazilaitinI
.txensikcehcMORrotpadaehT
h89
SOIBotlortnocdenruterwonsahdnalortnocdahMORrotpadaehT
denruterMORnoitpoehtretfagnissecorpderiuqerynagnimrofreP.TSOP
.lortnoc
h99
.detelpmocsahtsetMORnoitpoehtretfaderiuqernoitazilaitiniynA
.txensserddaesabretnirpdnaaeraatadremitehtgnirugifnoC
hA9
sserddaesab232-SRehtgnitteS.sesserddaesabretnirpdnaremitehtteS
.txen
hB9
deriuqerynagnimrofreP.sserddaesab232-SRehtgnittesretfadenruteR
.txentsetrossecorpoCehterofebnoitazilaitini
hC9
ehtgnizilaitinI.revositsetrossecorpoCehterofebnoitazilaitinideriuqeR
.txenrossecorpoC
hD9
ehtretfanoitazilaitinideriuqerynagnimrofreP.dezilaitinirossecorpoC
.txentsetrossecorpoC
hE9
dednetxeehtgnikcehC.etelpmocsitsetrossecorpoCehtretfanoitazilaitinI
DIdraobyekehtgniussI.txenyekkcoLmuNdna,DIdraobyek,draobyek
.txendnammoc
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S1856 T omahawk BX/A+
69
edoCtniopkcehCnoitpircseD
h2A.txensrorretfosynagniyalpsiD
h3A
etarcitamepytdraobyekehtgnitteS.detelpmocsahyalpsidrorretfosehT
.txen
h4A
setatstiawyromemehtgnimmargorP.tessietarcitamepytdraobyekehT
.txen
h5A
gnilbanednaneercsehtgniraelC.revosignimmargorpetatstiawyromeM
.txenIMNehtdnaytirap
h7A
erofebderiuqernoitazilaitiniynagnimrofreP.delbaneytirapdnaIMN
.txen000EtaMORrotpadaehtotlortnocgnissap
h8A
h000EtaMORrotpadaehtotlortnocgnissaperofebnoitazilaitinI
.txenh000EtaMORrotpadaehtotlortnocgnissaP.detelpmoc
h9A
ynagnimrofreP.lortnoch000EtaMORrotpadamorfdenruteR
.txenlortnocdahMORnoitpo000Eehtretfaderiuqernoitazilaitini
hAA
ehtgniyalpsiD.detelpmocsahlortnocMORnoitpo000EretfanoitazilaitinI
.txennoitarugifnocmetsys
hBA.yrassecenfi,elbatrossecorpitlumehtgnidliuB
hCA.txenTSOPIMDgnizilaitinidnaatadIMDehtgnisserpmocnU
h0B.deyalpsidsinoitarugifnocmetsysehT
h1B.saeracificepsotedocynagniypoC
h00
toobh91TNIotlortnocgnissaP.enodsisaeracificepsotgniypocedoC
.txenredaol
The system BIOS passes control to different buses at the following checkpoints:
edoCtniopkcehCnoitpircseD
hA2 .tneserpfi,secivedtuptuodna,citats,metsyssubtnereffidehtgnizilaitinI
h83.tneserpfi,secivedlarenegdna,LPI,tupnisubdezilaitinI
h93.ynafi,segassemrorrenoitazilaitinisubgniyalpsiD
h59.h0008Dhguorhth0008CmorfsMORrotpadasubgnizilaitinI
SYSTEM
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70
Additional Bus Checkpoints
While control is in the bus routines, additional checkpoints are ouput to I/O
port address 0080h as word to identify the routines being executed. These are
word checkpoints. The low byte of checkpoint is the system BIOS checkpoint
where control is passed to the different bus routines. The high byte of
checkpoint indicates that the routine is being executed in different buses.
The high byte of these checkpoints includes the following information:
stiBnoitpircseD
4-7stiB
0000.subehtnosecivedllaelbasiD.0noitcnuF
1000.subehtnosecivedcitatsezilaitinI.1noitcnuF
0100.subehtnosecivedtuptuoezilaitinI.2noitcnuF
1100.subehtnosecivedtupniezilaitinI.3noitcnuF
0010.subehtnosecivedLPIezilaitinI.4noitcnuF
1010.subehtnosecivedlarenegetaitinI.5noitcnuF
0110.subehtnognitroperrorreezilaitinI.6noitcnuF
1110.sesubllarofsMORno-ddaezilaitinI.7noitcnuF
0-3stiBsubehtyficepS
0.reganaMnoitazilaitinIeciveDMIDcireneG
1.secivedmetsySdraobnO
2.secivedASI
3.secivedASIE
4.secivedPnPASI
5.secivedICP
Chapter 4
System Resources
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SYSTEM
Displayed Error Messages
If an error occurs after the system display has been initialized, the error
message will be displayed as follows:
ERROR Message Line 1
ERROR Message Line 2
Press <F1> to continue
and the system will halt. The system will not halt if the Wait for <F1> If Any
Error option in Advanced Setup is Disabled.
RUN SETUP UTILITY
may also appear. Press <F1> to run WINBIOS Setup if this message appears.
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Chapter 4
System Resources
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SYSTEM
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Appendix 1
CPU Retention Module Options
T yan of fers two dif ferent options for securing Intel’s Pentium II CPUs onto the
motherboard. Each option provides retention for both older Pentium II’s as
well as newer Pentium II’ s (including Celeron).
OPTION 1:
Two different types of retention modules are included in the motherboard
package. For older versions of Pentium II, use the retention module shown in
Figure 1. For newer versions of Pentium II CPUs (including Celeron), use the
retention module shown in Figure 2. (Screws for the retention modules are
provided.)
Figure 1 Figure 2
Appendix 1
CPU Retention Module Options
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75
OPTION 2:
One universal retention module is included in the motheboard package. This
type of retention module adapts to both old and new Pentium II CPUs - see
Figure 3. (Screws for the retention modules are provided)
Figure 3
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ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) is a power management
specification that allows the operating system to control the amount of power
distributed to the computer’s devices. Devices not in use can be turned off,
reducing unnecessary power expenditure.
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is a PCI-based interface which was
designed specifically for demands of 3D graphics applications. The 32-bit
AGP channel directly links the graphics controller to the main memory.
While the channel runs at only 66MHz, it supports data transmission during
both the rising and falling ends of the clock cycle, yielding an effective speed
of 133MHz.
AT was the original form factor of IBM’s PC.
A T API (AT Attachment Packet Interface), also known as IDE or ATA, is a
drive implementation that includes the disk controller on the device itself. It
allows CD-ROMs and tape drives to be configured as master or slave devices,
just like hard drives.
ATX form factor was designed to replace the AT form factor. It improves on
the AT design by rotating the board ninety degrees, so that the IDE connectors are closer to the drive bays, and the CPU is closer to the power supply
Appendix 2
Glossary
Appendix 2
Glossary
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77
and cooling fan. The keyboard, mouse, serial, USB, and parallel ports are built
in.
Bandwidth refers to carrying capacity . The greater the bandwidth, the more
data the bus, phone line, or other electrical path, can carry . Greater bandwidth,
then, also results in greater speed.
A BBS (Bulletin Board System) is a computer system with a number of
modems hooked up to it which acts as a center for users to post messages and
access information.
The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) program resides in the ROM chip,
and provides the basic instructions for controlling your computer’s hardware.
Both the operating system and application software use BIOS routines to
ensure compatibility .
A buffer is a portion of RAM which is used to temporarily store data, usually
from an application, though it is also used when printing, and in most key-
board drivers. The CPU can manipulate data in a buffer before copying it, all at
once, to a disk drive. While this improves system performance--reading to or
writing from a disk drive a single time is much faster than doing so repeatedly-there is the possibility of losing your data should the system crash. Information stored in a buffer is temporarily stored, not permanently saved.
A bus is a data pathway. The term is used especially to refer to the connection between the processor and system memory, and between the processor
and PCI or ISA local buses.
Bus mastering allows peripheral devices and IDEs to access the system
memory without going through the CPU (similar to DMA channels).
A cache is a temporary storage area for data that will be needed often by an
application. Using a cache lowers data access times, since the needed
information is stored in the SRAM instead of in the slower DRAM. Note that
the cache is also much smaller than your regular memory: a typical cache size
is 512KB, while you may have as much as 1GB of regular memory .
Cache size refers to the physical size of the cache onboard. This should not
be confused with the cacheable area, which is the total amount of memory
GLOSSARY
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which can be scanned by the system in search of data to put into the cache. A
typical setup would be a cache size of 512KB, and a cacheable area of 512MB.
In this case, up to 512MB of the main memory onboard is capable of being
cached. However, only 512KB of this memory will be in the cache at any given
moment. Any main memory above 512MB could never be cached.
Closed and open jumpers Jumpers and jumper pins are active when they
are On or Closed, and inactive when they are Off or Open.
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductors are chips that hold the
basic start-up information for the BIOS.
The COM port is another name for the serial port, which is so-called
because it transmits the eight bits of a byte of data along one wire, and
receives data on another single wire (that is, the data is transmitted in serial
form, one bit after another). Parallel ports transmit the bits of a byte on eight
different wires at the same time (that is, in parallel form, eight bits at the same
time).
DIMM Dual In-line Memory Modules are a faster and more capacious form
of RAM than SIMMs, and do not need to be installed in pairs.
DIMM bank DIMM banks are sometimes called DIMM sockets, because
the physical slot and the logical unit are the same. That is, one DIMM
module fits into one DIMM socket, which is capable of acting as a memory
bank.
DMA Direct Memory Access channels are similar to IRQs. DMA channels
allow hardware devices (like sound cards or keyboards) to access the main
memory without involving the CPU. This frees up CPU resources for other
tasks. As with IRQs, it is vital that you do not double up devices on a single
line. Plug and Play devices will take care of this for you.
In Doze mode, only the CPU’s speed is slowed.
DRAM Dynamic RAM is a widely available, very affordable form of RAM
which has the unfortunate tendency to lose data if it is not recharged regularly (every few milliseconds). This refresh requirement makes DRAM three to
ten times slower than non-recharged RAM such as SRAM.
Appendix 2
Glossary
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EDO RAM (Extended Data-Out RAM) speeds access to memory locations
by assuming that memory addresses are static: the next time it looks for a bit of
data, it will be at the same spot, or one nearby.
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM, also called Flash BIOS,
is a ROM chip which can, unlike normal ROM, be updated. This allows you to
keep up with changes in the BIOS programs without having to buy a new chip.
TY AN’ s BIOS updates can be found at http://www .tyan.com/html/drivers.html
ESCD (Extended System Configuration Data) is a format for storing informa-
tion about Plug and Play devices in the system BIOS. This information helps
properly configure the system each time it boots.
Firmware is low level software that controls the system hardware.
Form factor is an industry term for the size, shape, power supply type,
and external connector type of the PCB (personal computer board) or
motherboard. The standard form factors are the AT and ATX, although
TYAN also makes some Baby-AT boards.
A Global timer is an onboard hardware timer, such as the Real Time
Clock.
Handshaking is a form of encryption. One system, typically the server,
sends an encryption scheme to another agent, typically a client. Thus, the
client’s data is protected during transmittal to the server.
HDD stands for Hard Disk Drive.
H-SYNC controls the horizontal properties of the monitor.
IC (Integrated Circuit) is the formal name for the computer chip.
IDE Integrated Device (or Drive) Electronics is a simple, self-contained
hard drive interface. It can handle drives up to 8.4GB in size. Almost all
IDEs sold now are in fact Enhanced IDEs (EIDEs).
GLOSSARY
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IDE INT (IDE Interrupt) is a hardware interrupt signal that goes to the IDE.
I/O Input/Output is the connection between your computer and another piece
of hardware (mouse, keyboard, etc.).
IRQ An Interrupt Request is an electronic request that runs from a hardware
device to the CPU. The interrupt controller assigns priorities to incoming
requests and delivers them to the CPU. It is important that there is only one
device hooked up to each IRQ line; doubling up devices on IRQ lines can lock
up your system. Happily, Plug and Play operating systems take care of these
details for you.
ISA stands for Industry Standard Architecture. ISA is a slower 8- or 16-bit
BUS (data pathway).
Latency is the amount of time that one part of a system spends waiting for
another part to catch up. This is most common when the system sends data
out to a peripheral device, and is waiting for the peripheral to send some data
back (peripherals tend to be slower than onboard system components).
NVRAM ROM and EEPROM are both examples of Non-Volatile RAM,
memory that holds its data without power. DRAM, in contrast, is volatile.
OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) like Compaq or IBM package
other companies’ motherboards and hardware inside their case and sell them.
The parallel port transmits the bits of a byte on eight different wires at the
same time (that is, in parallel form, eight bits at the same time).
PCI stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect. PCI is a 32-bit local bus
(data pathway) which is faster than the ISA bus. Local buses are those which
operate within a single system (as opposed to a network bus, which connects
multiple systems).
The PCI PIO (PCI Programmable Input/Output) modes are the data
transfer modes used by IDE drives. These modes use the CPU for data
transfer (DMA channels do not). PCI refers to the type of bus used by these
modes to communicate with the CPU.
Appendix 2
Glossary
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PCI-to-PCI bridge allows you to connect multiple PCI devices onto one
PCI slot.
Pipeline burst SRAM is a fast secondary cache. It is used as a secondary
cache because SRAM is slower than SDRAM, but usually larger. Data is
cached first to the faster primary cache, and then, when the primary cache is
full, to the slower secondary cache.
Pipelining improves system performance by allowing the CPU to begin
executing a second instruction before the first is completed. A pipeline can be
likened to an assembly line, with a given part of the pipeline repeatedly
executing a set part of an operation on a series of instructions.
PM timers (Power Management timers) are software timers that count
down the number of seconds or minutes until the system times out and enters
sleep, suspend, or doze mode.
PnP is an acronym for Plug and Play, a design standard that has become
ascendant in the industry. Plug and Play devices require little set-up to use.
Novice end users can simply plug them into a computer that is running on a
Plug and Play-aware operating system (such as Windows 95), and go to
work. Devices and operating systems that are not Plug and Play require you
to reconfigure your system each time you add or change any part of your
hardware.
The term RAM (Random Access Memory), while technically referring to a
type of memory where any byte can be accessed without touching the
adjacent data, is often used to refer to the system’s main memory. This
memory is available to any program running on the computer.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a storage chip which contains the BIOS
(Basic Input/Output System), the basic instructions required to boot the
computer and start up the operating system.
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) is so-called because it can keep
two sets of memory addresses open simultaneously. By transferring data
alternately from one set of addresses, and then the other, SDRAM cuts down
on the delays associated with non-synchronous RAM, which must close one
address bank before opening the next.
GLOSSARY
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The serial port is so called because it transmits the eight bits of a byte of
data along one wire, and receives data on another single wire (that is, the
data is transmitted in serial form, one bit after another).
SIMM Single In-line Memory Modules are the most common form of
RAM. They must be installed in pairs, and do not have the carrying capacity
or the speed of DIMMs.
SIMM bank/socket SIMM sockets are the physical slots into which you
stick SIMM modules. A pair of SIMM sockets form a SIMM bank, and act as a
unit. If only one socket is filled, the bank will not operate.
In Sleep/Suspend mode, all devices except the CPU shut down.
SRAM Static RAM, unlike DRAM, does not need to be refreshed in order
to prevent data loss. Thus, it is faster, and more expensive.
In Standby mode, the video and fixed disk drive shut down; all other
devices operate normally.
UltraDMA/33 is a fast version of the old DMA channel. UltraDMA is
also called UltraATA. Without UltraDMA your system cannot take advantage
of the higher data transmission rates of the new UltraATA hard drives.
Universal Serial Bus or USB, is a versatile port. This one port type can
function as a serial, parallel, mouse, keyboard, or joystick port. It is fast
enough to support video transfer, and is capable of supporting up to 127
daisy-chained peripheral devices.
VGA (Video Graphics Array) is the PC video display standard.
V-SYNC controls the vertical properties of the monitor.
ZIF socket Zero Insertion Force sockets make it possible to insert CPUs
without damaging the sensitive pins. The CPU is lightly placed in an open
ZIF socket, and the metal lever pulled down. This shifts the processor over
and down, guiding it into place on the board.
Appendix 2
Glossary
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Notice for the USA
Compliance Information Statement (Declaration of Conformity Procedure) DoC
FCC Part 15: This Device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following conditions:
1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
2) this device must accept any interference received including interference that
may cause undesired operation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try one or more of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Plug the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that of the receiver.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician for help.
Notice for Canada
This apparatus complies with the Class B limits for radio interference as
specified in the Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference
Regulations. (Cet appareil est conforme aux normes de Classe B d’ interference radio tel que spécifié par le Ministére Canadien des Communications
dans les réglements d’interférence radio.)
Notice for Europe (CE Mark)
This product is in conformity with the Council Directive 89/336/EEC, 92/31/EEC
(EMC).
CAUTION: Lithium Batteries included with this board. Danger of explosion if
battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type
recommended by manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to
manufacturer instructions.
Note: The joystick port maximum output rating is 9 amperes at 5 volts.
Document # D1339-000
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