Page 1
Tulip at compact 3
Technical Training
]
Tulip
computers
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 2
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 3
]
Tulip at compact 3
Technical Training
rev.
1.01
April '90
(c) Copyright
1989,
Tulip Computers International B.V.
Part number :
Issue date : November
1989,
April
1990
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 4
L i
r
r
r
1
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 5
TECHNICAL TRAINING TULIP AT COMPACT 3
DISCLAIMER
This manual describes a product
of
Tulip Computers,
's-Hertogenbosch,
The
Netherlands. Tulip Computers provides
this
manual "as is", without warranty
of
any
kind. Information
in
the manual is believed to
be
accurate
and
reliable. However, it
could include typographical errors
or
technical inaccuracies. Tulip Computers shall
not
be
liable for any direct
or
indirect damages arising out
of
the use
of
this
manual.
The
information
in
this
manual should only
be
used to operate and/or maintain the
product
described
in
the manual.
The
hardware, software
and
written materials
of
this
product are copyrighted. Unauthorized copying
or
reproducing ( any
part
of) them is
expressly forbidden. Tulip Computers may change
or
improve the
product
and this
manual
at
any time without previous warning.
Trademarks:
Tulip is a registered trademark
of
Tulip Computers.
Microsoft, MS-DOS, Xenix, Windows/386
and
MS-OS/2
are
registered trademarks
of
Microsoft Corporation.
Intel is a registered trademark
of
Intel Corporation.
Lotus is a registered trademark
of
Lotus Development Corporation.
Novell is a registered trademark
of
Novell, Inc.
Chips
and
Technologies, Canon, Seagate,
AMO,
Miniscribe,
Teac
are
registered trademarks.
No
part
of
this manual may
be
reproduced,
stored
in
a retrieval system,
or
transmitted, in any form
or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording,
photocopying,
or
otherwise, without the
prior
written permission
of
the publisher.
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 6
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 1
CONTENTS:
1 INTRODUCTION:
3
2 MAIN SYSTEM BOARD
4
3 MAIN PROCESSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 The
REAL-mode
...• .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Protected virtual address mode
4
THE
NUMERIC
COPROCESSOR
........................
.
4.1 How to install the numeric coprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 SYSTEM BIOS
5.1 Bios identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2
NEAT
chipset support
..........................
.
5.3 Automatic Floppy disk controller configuration . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Serial and parallel port conflict detection
.............•.
5.5
Hard
Disk controller detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.6 Continued boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •
5.7 Bootsequence
...............................
.
5.8
Speedswitching
...............................
.
6
NEAT
CHIPSET
CS
8221
..........................
·
...
.
6.1
82C211 bus controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 82C212 page/interleave and EMS memory controller . . . . . . . .
6.3
82C215 data I address buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 82C206 integrated peripherals controller
9
11
11
12
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
7
MEMORY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1
How
to install memory expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.2 Memory
settings
with the diagnostic program . . . .. . . . . . . . . 17
7.3 EMM.SYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
8 FLOPPY CONTROLLER
22
9
1/0
INTERFACES
23
10
MOUSE
24
11
EXPANSION SLOTS
24
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 7
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 2
12
KEYBOARD I KEYBOARD CONTROLLER . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . • . 24
12.1 Keyboard connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
13 SYSTEM PASSWORD PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
13.1 How
to
install the password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
13.2 Additional system functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
14
STORAGE
DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
14.1 Floppy disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 27
14.2
Hard
disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
14.3 Embedded hard
disk adapter: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
15 VIDEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 30
15.1 Video memory map: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
16 INSTALLATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 32
16.1 How
to
replace the batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
16.2 How to change the fan speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
163
Closing the cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
17
DIAGNOSTICS . • . • . . . . . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . 33
17.1 Starting diagnostics
.......•...........
· . . . . . . . . . 34
17.2 Using the diagnostic program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
17.3 System configurations in Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
17.4 Enable/disable system
hard
disk controller . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 38
17
.5
Enable/disable system ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
17.6 Clock frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
17.7 Changing the processor speed by keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
17.8 Memory configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
18
ERROR
MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
19 CONNECTOR PINOUTS TULIP
AT
COMPACT 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
20 SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 49
21 OPTIONAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
APPENDIX
A: DISK SPECIFICATIONS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
APPENDIX
B:
JUMPER
SETTINGS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
(c)
Tulip
Computers
Intemational
Training
Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 8
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 3
1 INTRODUCTION:
This manual describes the Tulip
AT
compact
3.
The Tulip
AT
compact 3
is
built
around
the
80286
processor. There are
five
expansion slots available for the installation of expansion cards. Furthermore, the
computer offers
1 Mb internal memory which
is
expandable to 3
Mb
on-board.
When using
1 M bit chips in both memory banks, the total amount of memory
will
be
4 Mb.
In
addition, at the back
of
the top cover
of
the system unit there is a hole ( with
·cap). Like other Tulip compact models, the system can
be
locked to prevent
it
from
being opened.
The system unit can
be
placed vertically. For
this
purpose you should attach the
magnetic strips located underneath the system unit to the left side
of
the system.
The floppy disk drive
will then
be
located at the top
of
the system unit.
(c) Tulip Computers IntemationaJ - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 9
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 4
2 MAIN SYSTEM BOARD
Overview:
The TC-16 system board
is a
fully
ISA compatible board with extra features implemented. The layout
of
the system board
of
the Tulip
AT
compact 3 is printed below.
_
COM1
COM2
KEYB.
J18
RST
J6
CRT
[[]]
J18
FLOPPY
80287
COPRO.
PAR.
J4
5
82C212
CAS/RAS
RAM0,1
"""
--IJ
];;
MEMORY
CONTROLLER
-
..
0
JU
80286
82C215
ADDRESS/
DATA
BUFFER
2C211
CPU/BUS
CONTROLLER
BIOS
EPROM
o
BIOS
EPROM
EI
82C206
INTEGRATED
PERIPHERALSCONTROLLER
Jl2
FRONT
ASSY
Revision
number
FIGURE 1: MAIN SYSTEM BOARD.
(c) Tulip Computers Intemationsl Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 10
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 5
Due to usage of semi-custom VLSI 's, board space used by conventional components could be reduced
and used for implementation of new features. The major components
will
be discussed in the following
chapters.
(c)
Tulip
Computers
IntemationaJ
Training
Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 11
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 6
FIGURE
2:
WGICAL
SCHEME
OF
THE
AT
COMPACT 3.
-
-
NMI
D
-
A:
82C211
82C206
8473
-
A
T
A
-
B:
Timer
s
E
RTC/RAM
p
LA
Addr.
COM!
80286
Addr.
82C215
SA
Addr.
16C452
COM2
Data
SD
Addr.
=
Parallel
80287/8
82C212
8042
Keyboard
OR
80c287
-
/12
J
I
DRAM
&
BIOS
(c) Tulip Computers Intemationa/ - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 12
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 7
3 MAIN PROCESSOR
The heart of the system is the A.MD
80286
microprocessor, which is placed on the
Tulip TC
16
board.
This
processor has a 24-bit address and a 16-bit data bus, and
is object code compatible with the
8088
and
8086.
The processor runs at
12.5
I 1.15
Mhz. The clock frequency is derived from a
25
Mhz crystal. The processor clock
runs independent from the bus clock.
He
can operate in
two
modes: the real and
protected mode. At power up the processor operates in real mode.
It
acts as a high
performance
8086,
using only the lower
20
address-lines. Programs written for the
8086
can be executed in
this
mode without any modification.
3.1 The REAL-mode
In
this
mode, the
20
bit address is generated by a
32
bit pointer containing 2
components:
- a
16
bit segment selector that determines the start-address of the segment, and
- a
16
bit effective address offset that determines the displacement
of
a location
within a segment.
15
0
0000
offset offset address
15
0
segment
0000
segment
selector
adder
19
0
20
bit
physical
memory
address
FIGURE 3: REAL-mode memory addressing
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 13
Technical Training Tulip
-AT
Compact 3 8
The lower 4 bits
of
the
20
bit segment selector are always
0.
Therefore, segment
addresses always start at
16 byte boundaries. Segments are 64 Kb in length, they
may contain data, code
or
stack. No limit
or
access checks are performed in
this
mode.
Two fixed areas are reserved:
- FFFFO ....
FFFFF
system initialization area.
-
00000
•.••
003FF interrupt vectors.
Example:
FFE4:002E means:
segment starts at FFE40
byte offset
2E
0002E
+
Real
memory address
FFE6E
Attention: 0000:0030 and 0001:0020 and 0002:0010 are identical addresses!
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 14
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 9
3.2 Protected virtual address mode
In
this mode, the
80286
provides an efficient on-chip memory management
architecture.
This means that the
80286
supports the implementation of virtual
memory systems. These systems swap data and/or code between real memory
and
secondary storage devices ( e.g. hard-disks), transparent to the executing application
-programs.
A program may refer to a location which is not currently present in real
memory. Protected mode provides a maximum
of
1 Gigabyte virtual address space
mapped into a
16
Mb physical address space defined by the address pins
AO
to A23.
A memory management scheme interposes a mapping operation between logical
addresses ( as they are viewed by programs) and physical addresses (being in real
memory). Since the logical address spaces are independent
of
physical memory, the
mapping is transparent to software.
The 80286 enters the protected mode by setting the Protection Enable bit (PE-bit)
with the Load Machine Status Word (LMSW) instruction. The protected mode uses
32 bit pointers consisting of:
- a 16 bit effective address offset that determines the displacement
of
a location
within a segment.
- a 16 bits segment selector that references to a particular segment.
31
16
15
0
I
Selector
I
offset
I
16
bit
14
bit
t
physical address 24
bit
adder
I
operant
I
23
0
segm.
descript
I
FIGURE
4:
Protected virtual address mode
(c) Tulip Computers International. Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 15
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 10
The segment selector specifies an index to memory resident table. Two of the
selector-bits are not involved in the selection, they are used for the Requested
Privilege Level. The remaining
14
bits designate a particular segment. The virtual
address space therefore encompasses one Gigabyte addressable byte locations
(2
(14+ 16)).
The. 24 bit base address
is obtained from the tables in memory .
. The
16
bit offset is added to the
24
bit segment base address to form the
24
bit
physical address. The microprocessor automatically refers to the tables whenever a
segment register
is loaded with a selector. All instructions that load a segment
register
will
refer to the memory tables. There are several descriptor tables resident
in memory.
One of them
is the global descriptor table, providing a complete description for the
global address space.
It
is used for system wide data and procedures including
operating system software, library routines, runtime language support and other
commonly shared system services.
In
addition, there may be one or more local
description tables, each describing the local address space of one or more tasks.
A descriptor table
may
contain 1 to
8192
entries.
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 16
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3
11
4 THE NUMERIC COPROCESSOR
The
TC-16
board
can be equipped with a numeric coprocessor to improve system
performance when heavy arithmetic calculation has to
be
done.
The
Intel
80287
numeric coprocessor running at 8
MHz
or
an
Intel
80c287
A numeric coprocessor
running
at
125
MHz
can be installed.
The
80287
coprocessor works
in
parallel with the microprocessor. This parallel
operation decreases operating time by allowing the coprocessor
to
do mathematical
operations while the microprocessor continues to do other functions.
It
effectively
extends the register and instruction set
of
the system and adds several new data types
as well.
4.1
How to install the numeric coprocessor
The
Tulip
AT
compact 3 allows the installation
of
a numeric coprocessor. Installation
is done as follows:
1
Open
the system unit.
2 Install the coprocessor carefully into the appropriate socket and make sure that the
mark (dot)
is
in
the indicated position (see figure 1).
3
Run
the Diagnostics program to inform your system that a numeric coprocessor has
been installed. Refer to the paragraph "How to
run
Diagnostics" for more
information
on
this
subject.
The
installation
of
the numeric coprocessor has now
been
completed.
(c) Tulip Computers International· Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 17
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 12
5 SYSTEM BIOS
The Basic Input Output system of the
AT
compact 3 is an IBM PC/AT 3 compatible
BIOS with extra features for support
of
all non-standard functions. These extra
features
will not affect compatibility in any
way.
The BIOS is stored into two EPROM's mounted on the system board. One
EPROM
for the odd bytes; the other for the even bytes. 1\vo types
of
Eproms can
be
used,
selection of these types can
be
made by setting jumper
Jll.
The possibilities are:
2 •
27128
(150 ns)
2 • 27256 (150 ns)
Jll:
ROM
SELECT:
I
Jumper
on
pin 1-2:
ROM
size 2 x
32
Kb
(27256)
1 2 3
I
Jumper
on
pin 2-3:
ROM
size 2 x
16
Kb
(27128)
1 2 3
Because of the
RAM
shadowed BIOS feature we can reduce the BIOS wait states
when the BIOS
is
copied to shadowed RAM. This feature
is
possible in all memory
configurations.
The extra features with regard to a standard
AT
BIOS are:
1- BIOS identification
2- NEAT chipset support
3- Automatic FDC configuration
4-
Serial and parallel port conflict detection
5-
Disk controller detection
6-
Continued boot
7-
Boot sequence
8- Speed switch
These extra features
will
be
explained on the next pages.
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 18
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 13
5.1 Bios identification
The BIOS contains a Tulip specific
BIOS
identification sign which can
be
used by
Tulip system dependent software to identify the system board. The specification of
the system board identification sign
is
as
follows:
FIGURE
6:
BIOS identification
Address
Contents
Remarks
FOOO:FF76
54h
Ascii
"T"
FOOO:FF77
40h
Board+ level
number.
The
board
and
level
number
are constructed
as
follows:
Bitnr.
7
6
5 4 3 2 1 0
FOOO:FF77
I 0
I
1 0 0 0 0
I 0
I 0
I
Board
nr.
In
this
example
we
are dealing with a TC16 board, and the revision level is O (bits
O and 1 are both zero).
5.2
NEAT chipset support
Initiation needed by the NEAT chipset for the selection
of
wait states, command
delays etc.
is implemented in the AT compact 3 BIOS.
5.3
Automatic Floppy disk controller configuration
When the BIOS detects that a floppy disk controller
is installed in the
1/0
slots, the
on board floppy disk controller
is disabled.
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 19
J
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 14
5.4 Serial and parallel port conflict detection
If
a conflict is detected between an on board serial or parallel port
this
is signalled
to the user, at power up time. Run the diagnostic program to enable or disable
ports.
5.5
Hard
Disk controller detection
If
a hard disk controller is inserted in the
1/0
slots,
this
is detected by the BIOS
(if
the
40
pin flatcable has been removed from the embedded hard disk). Run
The
diagnostic program to disable the on-board embedded disk controller.
5.6 Continued boot
A conventional BIOS does not continue booting after the 'Power
On
Self Test' when
the keyboard is locked. The AT compact 3 BIOS
will allow a boot from hard disk
when the keyboard
is locked. No attempt will
be
made to boot from a floppy disk
in case of a locked keyboard.
This
feature can be useful for stand alone remote
controlled stations like bulletin board hosts and network servers.
5.7 Bootseguence
By
means of diagnostics it is possible to select the sequence of booting. Usually the
bootsequence
of a PC
is, first
try
to boot from floppy, and then
try
to boot from
hard disk.
On
the AT compact 3 it
is
possible to change this sequence the other way
around. First the BIOS tries to boot from hard disk,
if
this fails the BIOS boots
from floppy disk.
5.8 Speedswitching
By means of a key sequence it
is possible to change the processor speed in 7.15
Mhz
or
12.5
Mhz. See chapter 17.7 for detailed information.
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 20
Technical Training Tulip A T Compact 3 15
6 NEAT CHIPSET
CS
8221
The Tulip
AT
compact 3 is controlled by the
CS
8221 New Enhanced
AT
Chipset.
This high performance 4 chip VLSI implementation provides the control logic for
an
AT
compatible computer. Beside, new functions have been added to improve
system performance. The chipset consists of:
1-
82C211 bus controller
2- 82C212 page(mterleave EMS memory controller
3- 82C215 data/address buffer
4-
82C206 integrated peripherals controller.
6.1
82C211 bus controller
The bus controller provides the synchronization and control signals for the
CPU
local
bus, the system memory bus, the
1/0 channel bus and the peripheral bus.
It
also
provides clock generation with software speed selection, programmable command
delays and wait state generation.
On
top
of
this
the bus controller contains the NMI
generation logic and the control logic to interface the 80287 coprocessor and the
80286
microprocessor.
6.2 82C212 page/interleave and EMS memory controller
The memory controller contains
all logic to control the memory on the TC16 board.
It
provides the following features:
- Page
I interleave operation
- Memory remapping
- Shadow
RAM
- LIM-EMS address translation logic.
Whenever both memory banks contain 1024 K by 1 bit DRAM's (4
Mb
memory),
the page interleave feature is enabled.
This results in an average
of
less than 0.7 wait
states, inserted on accesses to the memory. The memory remapping feature provides
the possibility to remap the RAM that overlaps the BIOS
EPROM
area (640k-1M)
above the 1 Mb area (1 Mb- 1.384 Mb).
This
feature can not
be
used when the
amount of memory
is more than 1 Mb and when the shadow
RAM
feature is
enabled.
(c) Tulip Computers lntemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 21
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 18
System
RAM
640
Kb
<
O
Kb
FIGURE
7:
Memory mapping
Mapping
384
Kb
RAM
ROM
640
K
RAM
15FFFFh
lOOOOOh
OFFFFFh
OAOOOOh
09FFFFh
OOOOOOh
The shadow
RAM
feature provides the possibility to use the
RAM
that overlaps the
BIOS
EPROM
area for shadowing the BIOS EPROMS. This feature allows BIOS
code to
be
executed from fast RAM instead
of
the slow EPROMS.
The
BIOS copies
the code into
RAM
before
this
feature
is
enabled. Note that when the memory
remapping feature is enabled, the shadow
RAM
feature can not
be
used.
The memory controller also contains EMS translation logic to map the O to 4 Mb
system
RAM
into a 64 K block which is unused so far. With the help of the
diagnose program
this
64 Kb block can be located in the address space
of
OCOOOh
trough OEFFFFh, starting at a 4000h boundary.
6.3
82C215 data I address buffer
The 82C215 data/address buffer provides the buffering and latching between the local
CPU
address bus and the peripheral address bus.
It
also provides buffering between
the local
CPU
data bus and the system memory databus. Databus conversion is
performed when the
CPU
issues
16
bit reads
or
writes to 8 bit memory
or
1/0
devices.
6.4 82C206 integrated peripherals controller
The 82C206 integrates the standard peripherals normally found on the AT system
board, except the keyboard controller.
It
contains a 7 level
DMA
system, a
16
level
interrupt system, a counter timer system, a real time clock, a
DMA
clock devider,
a programmable wait state generator and 114 bytes
of
CMOS RAM.
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 22
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 17
7 MEMORY
The
AT
compact 3 will standard
be
equipped with 1 Mb memory. This 1 Mb can
be
configured
in
different
ways:
several types of chips can
be
used.
7.1 How
to
install memory expansion
Most AT-compatible computers offer
640
Kb standard on-board memory.
As
the
Tulip
AT
compact 3 will especially
be
used to run high-end applications, such as
Desktop Publishing software and CAD software, the machine offers standard 1
Mb
internal memory, which
is
expandable to 4
Mb
on-board. This means that no
expansion cards are needed, thus still having connectors available for other expansion
cards. Besides, memory on-board can
be
accessed faster than memory which has
been
extended by means of expansion cards.
On
the main board there are special sockets reserved for the installation
of
conventional
DRAM
chips to obtain memory expansion. While installing the
DRAM
chips, you may consult figure 1 showing the exact location
of
the sockets on the main
board. When upgrading to 4 Mb both banks must have 1 Mbit chips installed.
After installing memory expansion and
-if
necessary- setting
the
corresponding
jumpers you should
run
the Diagnostics program to inform the system about the new
configuration. Refer to "Memory expansion
in Diagnostics" for the values to
be
entered when running the Diagnostics program.
7.2 Memory settings with
the
diagnostic
program
When you are running Diagnostics, you
are
asked to enter the total amount
of
memory
of
your computer and your are asked to specify how you want to use it.
Some
of
the terms included
in
that
part
of
Diagnostics will
be
explained
in
detail
below.
The amount
of
extra memory on the main board
is
the total amount
of
memory on
the main
board
minus the standard memory ( 640 Kb)
and
-
if
used - minus the
amount
of
Shadow (video and) system BIOS (384 Kb).
Shadow system BIOS (Shadow
RAM) contains a copy
of
the BIOS. Shadow system
BIOS increases BIOS performance with approximately 300 to 400
%.
The amount
of
extra memory on the main board can
be
used as extended memory
or
as expanded memory. Which possibility to choose depends on the application
program you want to use.
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 23
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 18
The memory above 1 Mb is referred to as extended memory. Extended memory has
been developed especially for
80286
and
80386
computers.
It
is, for example, directly
accessible for Tulip MS-OS/2, Xenix and Windows/386.
If
your are using MS-DOS,
the extended memory can
be
used
as
DOS memory disk. For
this
purpose you
should install a driver (e.g. ramdrive). For more information on
this
subject refer to
the MS-DOS Reference Guide that was shipped with your computer.
Expanded memory (EMS)
is memory that can be used when running application
programs especially developed for
8088
computers. Expanded memory, for example,
can be very useful when running spreadsheet programs and DTP software.
In
the
manuals delivered with these software packages
you
will find information on how to
use expanded memory.
EMS memory
may
not exceed the total amount of extra ("expansion") memory on the
main board (which means not more than 2 Mb).
This
means that the amount of
memory on expansion cards can not be used as expanded memory.
To allow the system to use EMS,
you
will
first have to install a device driver. More
information on the device driver
you
will find in the paragraph
"Emm.sys".
If
you use both extended and expanded memory,
you
must make sure that EMS
memory size plus extended memory
size equals the total amount of extra
("expansion
11
) memory in the system (i.e. on-board
as
well as on memory expansion
cards).
The table below contains some examples to elucidate the information above.
Memory
Extra Setting
in
wanted(%)
memory
(Kb)
Diagnostics
Extended
EMS
On
main-
Extended
EMS
On
expansion
Mem.size
mem.size
board
cards
mem.size
size
(1)
100%
-
384
(2)
.
-
384
-
-
100%
384
2
-
0
0-1
100%
-
2048
-
2048
-
-
100%
2048
-
0
2
50%
50%
2048
-
1024
1
100%
-
2048
1024
3072
-
-
100%
2048
1024
0
2
67%
33&
2048
1024
2048
1
FIGURE
8:
Memory
expansion
and
the
d1agnost1c
program
1 =
EMS
memory
size in
Mb
(1
Mb
equals
1024
Kb)
2 = Default configuration
(1
Mb
memory)
3 Default configuration with
memory
expansion of 2
Mb
on
main
board
4 Default configuration with
memory
expansion
on
main
board
and
on
expansion cards
(5)
5
Memory
on
memory
expansion cards
can
not
be
used
for
EMS,
so
you
will
not
be
able to
use
it.
(c) Tulip Computers International· Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 24
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 19
7.3
EMM.SYS
On one of the diskettes shipped with the Tulip
AT
compact 3 you will find the
emm.sys program.
The emm.sys program allows you to use expanded memory. The EMS (Expanded
Memory Specification) Version
4.0
device driver is a standard MS-DOS device driver
that gets loaded at boot time by the
config.sys
file.
The config.sys file should include
the following command line:
device= [drive:] [path] emm.sys
When the EMS driver
is first executed, the title and copyright notice will appear on
the screen :
"EMS
Expanded Memory Device Driver Ver.
4.0"
"Copyright (
c)
Chips and Technologies inc.,
1987"
If
the EMS detects that a previous EMS driver has been loaded, it will display the
following message on the screen:
"An Expanded Memory Manager
has
already been installed."
Consequently, the EMS driver
will not get loaded into the system.
When the EMS device driver
is being loaded
by
MS-DOS, an internal test on the
EMS hardware configuration
is done.
If
any conflicts are detected that would cause
EMS not to function properly, the message:
11
The EMS setup has been incorrectly specified. No EMS is available."
will appear on the screen after the EMS copyright notice, and EMS will be disabled.
Now that the installation of the device driver has been completed, the system can be
used to support Lotus/Intel/Microsoft EMS
4.0.
The EMS device driver shipped with
your computer used in conjunction with the EMS support integrated functions similar
to the EMS device driver used
in conjunction with an EMS expansion card.
Note
This device driver can only
be
used in a Tulip AT compact
3,
a Tulip
sx
computer
(Tulip
sx
compact
2,
Tulip at
386sx
and Tulip
tr
386sx)
or in a Tulip
It
286.
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 25
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 20
DRAM:
Bank
O
Bank
1
J3
J4
J5
J6
256k*4
-
1-2, 4-5 1-2, 4-5
1-2,
4-5
5-6
256k*4
lM
* 1
1-2, 4-5 1-2, 4-5 1-2, 4-5
5-6
512k
B
-
1-2, 3-4
1-2, 3-4
1-2, 3-4
2-3
512k
B
lM
* 1
1-2, 3-4 1-2, 3-4 1-2, 3-4 2-3
512k
T
-
1-2,
3-4
1-2,
3-4
1-2,
3-4
1-2
512k
T
lM
* 1
1-2,
3-4
1-2,
3-4
1-2,
3-4
1-2
lM
* 1
-
2-3, 4-5
2-3, 4-5 2-3, 4-5
4-5 .
lM
* 1
lM
* 1
2-3, 4-5
2-3, 4-5 2-3, 4-5 4-5
FIGURE
9:
Jumper
settings on mainboard for memory configurations
REMARK:
In
the table above the characteristics of the chips
are
mentioned.
Exam_p_le:
512k B
bank
O means:
bank
O consists of 16 chips
of
512
k bit
per
cliip. So total
lMb.
When using 256K * 4 chips other sockets have to be used! Only 8 chips
are
needed
in
that
case.
FIGURE 10: Some examples of
jumper
settings
Ram
in standard configuration with 1
Mb
memory
Bank
0:
512
Kb
DRAM
type T
Bank
1: not
used
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6
J
4
J
3
J
5
J6
Bank
0:
512
Kb
DRAM
type B
Bank
1: not
used
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6
J4
I I
I
J3
J5
I
I
J6
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 26
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3
21
RAM
in
standard configuration with 2
Mb
memory
Bank
0: 1 Mb
DRAM
Bank
1: not
used
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6
J4 I I I J3
J5 I I I I I J6
(c) Tulip Computers lntemational Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 27
1
J
)
1
J
Technical Training Tu
lip
A T Compact 3
22
8 FLOPPY CONTROLLER
The floppy disk interface contains the circuitry and control functions for interfacing
the system to up to two floppy disk drives. The
AT
compact 3 can
be
supplied with
four types of floppy disks:
sv.i
II
360
Kb disk drive
-
sv.i
II
1.2 Mb disk drive
-
31'2
11
720
Kb disk drive
-
31'2
11
1.44 Mb disk drive
All these types are supported by the
8473
Floppy Disk Controller. The
AT
compact
3 has an analog data separator, which provides a better performance. The floppy disk
interface on the mainboard will automatically
be
disabled
if
an other floppy disk
controller
is
inserted in the
I/0
slots.
The interface
is
developed for both single and double sided, double and high density
floppy disks.
It
uses modified frequency modulation (MFM) to
read
and write data.
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 28
Tec
hnical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 23
9
1/0
INTERFACES
1/0
interfacing is realized by using
the
UM82C452
or
VL16C452 Parallel I
Asynchronous Communication Element.
The
chip
is
housed in a
68
terminal plastic
leaded chip carrier.
The device services two serial input
I output interfaces simultaneously
and
a fully
bidirectional parallel data port.
Each
serial channel performs serial-to-parallel
conversion
on
data characters received from peripheral devices
or
modems,
and
parallel-to-serial conversion
on data characters transmitted by
the
CPU.
The
complete
status
of
each channel can
be
read at any time during functional operation by the
CPU
.
The
parallel
data
port
fully supports the Centronics type printer interface.
The
port
allows data transmitted by
the
CPU
to
be
printed.
The parallel port, together with the two serial ports, provide
AT
compatible
computers with a single device
to
serve
the
1/0
functions.
A programmable baudrate generator
is included
and
can divide the timing reference
clock by a certain devisor.
Data
bus
<
UM82C452
DUAL
UART
AND
PRINTER
PORT
Address
bus
Control
bus
Option
jumpers
->
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
serial
channel
buffer
serial
channel
buffer
parallel
port
0=
1=
9-Pin
D-connector
9-Pin
D-connector
25-Pin
D-connector
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 29
1
J
1
)
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 24
10 MOUSE
In
the
AT
compact 3 there is no support for a bus mouse. A serial mouse can
be
used, connected to one of the serial ports.
To
be
able to work with a serial mouse
it
is
necessary to add the software driver MOUSE.SYS. Normally the mouse will
be
connected to
COMl
and typing
MOUSE/Cl
will install the mouse driver for serial
port
COMl.
11 EXPANSION SLOTS
The TC16 board contains four 16 bit slots and one 8 bit slot.
The
8 bit slot is
located
at
the right most position next
to
the power supply. This is done for
optimum use
of
system
board
space.
The
8 bit expansion slot is needed because
several expansion boards do not fit into a
16
bit slot. One
of
these dedicated 8 bit
slot expansion boards
is the Tulip ISO
LAN
PC
controller card ( old version).
One expansion slot
is occupied by the video adapter.
12 KEYBOARD I KEYBOARD CONTROLLER
The keyboard provided with the
AT
compact 3 is a standard Tulip 101/102 key
keyboard (Country dependent key layout).
The
keyboard controller
provides the standard interface to the keyboard.
On
top
of
this it provides a number
of
extra functions, not found in a standard keyboard controller. These extra functions
are used for the system password protection (SPP) and provides user friendly system
operation and system security.
The keyboard controller
is realized by
the
80742 single chip micro controller.
It
communicates with the master processor trough the lower 8 bits
of
the data bus. A
status register,
an
output buffer and an input buffer connect to the bus. Internally
an 8 bit processor executes the commands and controls the data
flow.
Besides the
register and buffer the processor addresses 2Kb of
ROM
,128 bytes of
RAM
and
two 8-bit
I/0
ports. These ports provide system information, an interrupt request and
master processor reset line and the serial interface lines to the keyboard.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 30
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 25
12.1 Keyboard connection
On
this page you will find a description
of
the connection
of
the keyboard.
Check the position of the switch(es) underneath the keyboard. The number of
switches depends on the type of keyboard you have:
AUTO-E
or:
or:
I
II I II I II I II
I
FIGURE
11:
Keyboard dipswitches underneath the keyboard
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 31
J
J
)
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3
26
13
SYSTEM PASSWORD PROTECTION
In
order to obtain system security the Tulip AT compact 3 offers password
protection for the startup procedure and for two additional system functions: the
Keylock function and the
Hard
reset function (more about these functions you will
find in the part "Additional system functions" in
this paragraph).
13.1
How
to install the password
For the installation of a password you should run Diagnostics. After selecting the
"Security'' option in the Setup procedure a drop-down menu will appear:
Password
Startup
password
Hot
key
If
the "Password" option is disabled you will not
be
prompted for one, neither during
the startup procedure nor during the Keylock and the
Hard
reset procedure; you can
install a password by choosing "Change password"
within the "Password" option.
If
you do not want to be prompted for a password during the startup procedure,
choose "Startup password" and select
"No".
Be aware that the password should have
a minimum length of four and a maximum length of eight characters.
Select the "Hot
key''
option
if
you want to select a key sequence for activating the
system functions mentioned above.
13.2 Additional system functions
As already mentioned in the previous part the Tulip
AT
compact 3 offers two
additional system functions which can be activated from the keyboard and which can
be protected by means of password installation.
1 Keylock.
This feature enables the user to lock the keyboard in order to
prevent unwanted input, when leaving the computer for a while.
2
Hard
reset. The
Hard
reset feature should be used
if
a normal reset by
pressing ctrl
+alt+
del fails to work.
Below you will find information on how to activate the Keylock and
Hard
reset
function.
First you should press the "Hot
key''.
If
the "Hot
key''
is pressed, the system will
beep two times and the num lock LED starts blinking which means enter function.
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 32
System
Function
Function key:
Keylock
f3
Hard
reset
f4
Note
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3
27
To
remind you which function key corresponds to which system function, two
adhesive overlays ("System Password Protection") are shipped with the Tulip
AT
compact 3.
The
overlay should
be
placed
on
the num lock, caps lock
and
scroll lock
LED.
You can exit the
ENTER
FUNCTION
mode
with the esc key.
When
the function
key is chosen, the caps lock
LED
starts blinking ( num lock stops blinking) which
means
ENTER
PASSWORD. After typing the correct password
(the
password you
entered in Diagnostics)
and
pressing the enter key the selected function is executed.
Entering an incorrect password results in returning to the
enter
function mode. Exit
the
ENTER
password mode
(=returning
to
enter function mode) with esc.
Note that
if
no password has
been
installed in Diagnostics the selected function is
executed immediately after pressing the corresponding function key.
14 STORAGE DEVICES
14.1 Floppy
disk
For
the Tulip
AT
compact 3 a
3.5"
floppy disk
is
used. It is a
CANNON
MD3611
series which
is
l"
high, has a low power consumption
and
uses only one + 5V
DC
power connection
The
drive supports
both
double density (720 Kb)
and
high density
(1.44 Mb) capacities. Other marks are also possible.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 33
1
J
Te
chnical Training Tuli p A T Compact 3 28
14.2
Hard disk
The
AT
compact 3 systems will
be
shipped with
3.5"
half height e
mbedded
AT har
d
disks. Available capacities
are
20
Mb
(Seagate ST 125
A)
and
40
Mb
(Miniscribe
8051 A).
An
AT
embedded
disk is in fact a disk like
the
older ST506 drives.
The
difference is,
that
an
AT
embedded
drive has his controller integrat
ed
on
the disk,
while a ST506 drive
needed
a disk controller
in
an
I/0
slot.
During low level formatting, the sector numbers
are
written in the headings
of
the
sectors. So
the
interleave is defined during low level formatting.
The
same happens
with the
bad
spots, they
are
marked as
bad
during low level formatting.
The
bad
sectors can
be
entered by hand.
High level format is depending
on
the operating
system
which y
ou
use.
If
you use
MSDOS, then
the
high level format program checks
the
disk for b
ad
sectors, and
creates a File Allocation Table
on
the disk.
The
bad
sectors
are
marked
as bad.
With
an
AT
embedded
disk, the low level formatting is
done
by
the
vendor
of
the
disk. This information is fixed
on
the disk.
The
advantages
of
putting
the
disk
controller fixed
on
the
disk are:
-
The
timing between disk
and
disk controller can
be
optimized because it won't
be
changed.
-
The
drive can
be
made
more
intelligent, for instance a drive which is known to
the
system as a 17 sector p
er
track drive (to
keep
compatible with MSDOS tables), can
physically can have 32 sectors
per
track.
-
Bad
spots can
be
mapped
out during low level format
and
the
disk can use his
reserved tracks instead, so to the outside world it looks as
if
the
disk has no
bad
spots.
-
Look
ahead
cache, to provide higher transfer rates
on
small records.
Because
of
the
internal
bad
spot
remapping,
it
is recommended
not
to perform
low
level formatting
of
embedded
hard
disks:
it
looks
as
if
these disks
don't
have
bad
spots,
but
they do!
Most vendors have changed the implementation
of
the
low level format command:
the drive won't format
if
you give
the
command,
the
interleave is also not
changeable.
Specifications
of
both
hard-
and
floppy disks can
be
found in
the
appendix "Disk
specifications".
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 34
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 29
14.3 Embedded
hard
disk adapter:
The embedded hard disk interface, which resides on the
AT
compact 3 mainboard,
is
specially designed to interface the system to an intelligent, ST506 compatib le hard
disk drive. These drives are called embedded
AT
drives. The controller logic
is
integrated on these disks. The interface contains no drive control logic, it only
provides the buffering of the databus and the signals to and from the drive.
It
also
provides address decoding of the system address bus.
Up
to two disks can be
connected to
this interface.
On
the mainboard exists:
- J25: a 40-pin connector for connecting the hard disk(s).
- J20: a jumperblock for the connector configuration.
The reason that
this jumperblock
is
available is due to the history of the development
of the embedded
AT
interface.
In
the definition phase of this interface the standard
was not 100% stable, and sometimes it was needed to change some signals from the
hard disk to the interface. Nowadays the situation
is
completely stable and you simply
have to place the jumper(s).
The signals that we are talking about are:
IOCHRDY
(I): A signal which is used to lengthen bus cycles, the system inserts
waitstates when the drive requests
this.
HBALE
(0):
The Buffered Latch Enable Signal from the host CPU.
To connect these signals in a
proper
way,
you have to connect pins
7-8
(IOCHRDY)
of J20
by
means of a jumper. Pins
11-12
(HBALE)
are
already hard-wired on the
mother board, so a
jumper
does not have to be inserted.
14
13
J20
2 1
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 35
1
j
J
J
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 30
15
VIDEO
The video adapters shipped with the AT compact 3 are alike the types that are used
in other Tulip systems. The following video configurations are available :
VIDEO
ADAPTOR
MONITOR
DGA
WHITE
MONOCHROME
TTL
12
11
DGA
GREEN
MONOCHROME
TTL
12
11
DGA
GREEN
MONOCHROME
TTL
14
11
DGA
COLOR
TTL
14
11
TEVA
COLOR
TTL
1411
VGA/16
VGA
MONOCHROME
1411
VGA/16
VGA
COLOR
14
11
FIGURE 12: Video
adapters
and
monitors
Jumper setting:
J15
VIDEO
I
1 2 3
Jumper
on
pin 1-2:
monochrome
card
installed.
1 2 3
Jumper
on
pin 2-3:
Color
(CGA
card or
TEVA-2
card) installed.
I
1 2 3
DGA
card: connect
DGA
cable to pin 2-3: (red to pin 3, black to pin 2).
The
jumper
setting
does
not
apply
if a VGA
card
has
been
installed.
(c) Tulip Computers lntemational Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 36
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3
31
15.1
Video
memory
map:
The
video is addressed
in
the
system
memory
address space according to the next table:
Address
Decimal
Hex
Function
640
K
AOOOO
704
K
80000
80FFF
128K
EGA/VGA
736
K
88000
32K
or
64K
Hercules
752
K
8COOO
8FFFF
FIGURE 13: Video memory
map
VGA
Bios
)
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
4K
mono-
chrome
16K
or
32K
Color
Graphics
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 37
]
J
J
J
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 32
16
INSTALLATIONS
The system unit should be opened as
follows:
1:
Turn off the computer and disconnect the AC power cable. Also switch off the
peripherals ( e.g. monitor and printer).
2:
Remove the two screws on each side
of
the system unit. You can now lift the
cover from the system unit.
3:
Remove the two screws of the hard disk and disconnect the flat cable(s) from the
hard
disk controller or from the main board.
4:
If
you want to reach the main board, e.g. for changing the jumper settings or
installing memory expansion, you should slightly
lift up the mounting plate with
power supply, floppy disk drive and front panel, and put it aside. Pay attention
to the length of the flat cables; they are usually just long enough to have access
to the entire main board.
If
any cables should
be
disconnected, make sure that
they are properly reconnected again,
and
run the diagnostic program.
16.1
How to replace the batteries
The batteries are used to make sure that the configuration and the correct time and
date set
will not
be
lost when the computer
is
powered off. Pay attention to the
polarity (
+ and -) when installing new batteries.
After having replaced the batteries you should run Diagnostics to indicate the correct
time, date
and
configuration to the system.
More
information on Diagnostics you will
find later in this manual.
16.2 How to change the fan speed
The fan speed can have two different setting.
If
you have installed cards with a high
power consumption, the temperature in your machine may rise considerably. You
are therefore well-advised to modify the fan to run at a higher speed. The fan can
be
set at high and low speed
by
setting the jumper inside the power supply. The
appropriate jumper setting is shown below:
jumper
Low
speed
High
speed
LOH!
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 38
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 33
16.3 Closing
the
cabinet
Check whether the cable connections are reinstalled correctly
and
not
jammed
between the mounting plate. You should remember to connect the flat cable(s) again
and
to
secure the
hard
disk by tightening
the
two screws.
Replace the top cover to the system unit. Make sure that the cards are locked firmly
into the
card
guides.
Secure the
top
cover by using the two screws on each side of the system unit.
Reconnect the
AC
power cable to an earthed
AC
mains outlet.
If
you have made changes to the hardware of your computer, such as installing a
numeric coprocessor or replacing or adding expansion cards, you should run
Diagnostics to inform the system about these changes.
More
about Diagnostics you
will find in the paragraph "How to
run
Diagnostics" later in
this
manual.
Make sure that when reinstalling the flat cable,
the
red
wire
of
the cable is located
at
the
side
of
the floppy disk drive.
17 DIAGNOSTICS
Diagnostics
is a program which can
be
used in a wide range
of
situations. A large
number
of
Help
screens
and
drop-down menus enable you to communicate with your
computer
and
run
the program.
The
program
is
very easy to handle,
but
still there may
be
some unexpected
conditions where we have to deal with. Therefore some examples
of
diagnostics are
given in this chapter.
The
Diagnostics program should
be
used:
- when you have
to
set
up
your system before using it for the first time.
- when the message "run DIAGNOSTICS" appears on your screen during the starting
procedure (''booting")
of
the computer.
- when you have a problem with your computer
and
you want to find out what
might have caused it.
For
this
purpose a test menu with several test options are
available.
(If
the configuration is correct).
- when the
date
or
the time are not set correctly. (Not
DOS
3.30)
- when you have installed additional hardware, e.g. another display adapter, memory
expansion
or
a floppy disk drive.
- when batteries have been replaced, or the cable has
been
disconnected.
- when you plan
to
transport your computer. You should run Diagnostics in
order
to secure the damageable parts
of
the
hard
disk.
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 39
J
J
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 34
when you want to install a password for the first time or when you want to
disable or change your password.
when you want to select the "Hot
key''
for the Keylock function and the
Hard
reset
function.
17
.1
Starting diagnostics
You can start Diagnostics in two
ways:
when the message "run DIAGNOSTICS" is displayed on your screen, you should
insert the Diagnostics diskette version 2.
04
(or higher) in drive A and press a k
ey.
when the screen does not display any message, but you still want to run Diagnostics,
you can start the Diagnostics program directly from DOS
by
typing the command
Diagnose at the DOS prompt. (Make sure that you start Diagnostics from the drive
and the directory holding all Diagnostics files. This means that,
if
the Diagnostics
program has been installed on your hard
disk,
you should first go to the appropriate
directory and type Diagnose.
If
Diagnostics is on a diskette, you should first go to
the drive in which the diskette has been inserted ( e.g. by typing a:) and then type
Diagnose).
17.2
Using the diagnostic program
After starting Diagnostics, the message "This
is
a Tulip
AT
compact
3"
will
be
displayed on the screen. Immediately after that the Diagnostics window with four
menus will appear on the screen.
You can use the direction keys to select a menu and move the cursor within a menu.
(c) Tulip Computers International. Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 40
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT Compact 3 35
Diagnostics
V2.04
Wednesday
November
1,
1989
12:05
pm
DIAGNOSTICS
This
is a Tulip
AT
compact
3.
FIGURE 14: Diagnostics 2.04 should recognize your AT compact 3
Diagnostics
V2.04
Wednesday
November
1,
1989
12:08
pm
tup Test Transport
System_Info
<Fl>
Help,
<Esc>
Exit
FIGURE 15: Looking for system information
You can use the enter key to select a command within a menu.
(c) Tulip Computers lntemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 41
l
J
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 36
The first menu, "Setup", enables you to enter or change the configuration of your
system. After pressing the enter
key,
a drop-down menu appears.
The second menu,
"Te
st",
should
be
used to test some ( or all) of your s
yst
em
components and to detect the cause(s) of any problems arising.
You can use the third menu, "Transport", to secure
all damageable parts of the hard
disk of your computer before transport.
The fourth menu,
"Sys
tem_Info", provides technical information on the Tulip
AT
compact
3.
It
is not possible to alt
er
any of
this
information.
You can use the direction keys ( up, d
own,
right, left) to move across the menu bar
and up and down the menus. You
can select a menu by pressing the enter key.
During the execution of Setup you
can type information or,
if
a new box appears,
choose from a list of options.
Help screens
When you are running the Setup program or planning to run one of the test
programs and you need help for the operation you are going to perform, you can
press fl. Diagnostics
will respond by displaying a screen with help information on the
topic you are working on.
If
you press the
fl
key for the second time, a screen will
appear which lists all keys you can use to run Diagnostics.
Pressing
fl
twice displays a Help screen with (the function of) all keys you can use
to run Diagnostics.
Canceling a command
Once you have entered incorrect information which you want to change, you can
cancel the command by pressing the esc key.
(As long as you do not press the enter
key the command
will not be executed. You can cancel the command by pressing the
esc key). Each time you press esc, Diagnostics
will return to the previous screen or
box.
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 42
Technic
al Train
ing Tulip
AT
Compact 3
37
Warnings
and
errors:
When you are running the Setup program, two types of messages can appear on your
screen:
Warnings:
Warnings appear, when you choose an option which does not correspond to the
current configuration of your machine. After running Setup you can still change the
configuration ( e.g.
add
or replace a video card), so that the option you have set, is
correct.
Errors:
Errors appear, when you choose a setting which would make the system crash,
if
it
were installed. You can only continue running the Setup program,
if
you find an
appropriate solution to the problem, i.e. choose another setting.
Things to pay attention to:
When you are running the Setup procedure in Diagnostics, you
will
be
asked to
specify the type of hard disk your machine contains. You
will find a specification of
the hard disk type at the back of the machine, or,
if
you have a retrofit set hard
disk, at the hard disk itself. Checking the type specification before you install your
hard disk
will save you a lot of trouble.
Ending Diagnostics:
You can end the Diagnostics program by pressing esc.
Then
a box will appear with
the question "Exit Diagnostics" and the options
"Yes"
and
"No".
Choose option
"Yes"
to end Diagnostics.
If
you have changed the system's configuration the system will be restarted.
If
you have not made any changes there are two possible situations:
When you have started the system with the Diagnostics diskette in drive A, the
system
will now
be
restarted. Remove the Diagnostics diskette to prevent the
Diagnostics program from starting again.
When you have started Diagnostics directly from DOS, the DOS prompt
will now
be
displayed again.
When you choose the option
"No",
you can continue running the Diagnostics program.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 43
1
J
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 38
17
.3
System configurations
in
Diagnostics
In
order to enter or change the configuration of the Tulip AT compact 3 you will
have to run the Setup procedure of the Diagnostics program. Below you will find
information on some important system configurations provided by the Setup
procedure.
17.4 Enable/disable system
hard
disk
controller
The "Disk drive
s"
option provides the possibility to enable or disable the hard disk
controller installed.
Diagnostics V2.04
Wedne
sday
November
1,
1989
12:24
pm
Setup Test Transport
System_Info
Real
Ti meC 1
ock
Disk
Drives
Disk
Drives
Floppy
disk drive
A:
1.44
Mb
DS/HD
unit (3.5")
Floppy
disk drive 8:
None
Hard
disk drive
C:
17
•••
Hard
disk drive
D:
O •••
System
Hard
Disk
Controller:
Enable
First
boot
from:
Floppy
Disk
Unit
<Ctrl
PgUp>
Previous,
<Ctrl
PgDn>
Next,
<Enter>
Select,
<Fl>
Help,
<Esc>
Exit
FIGURE
16:
Enabling
I disabling
the
embedded
hard
disk
controller
As the Tulip
AT
compact 3 will be delivered standard with an embedded hard disk
controller, the "System hard disk controller" item is enabled.
In
case you want to use
another hard disk controller,
you
will have to disable the hard disk controller
installed on the main board to prevent conflict.
Note that disabling of the system floppy disk controller, which
is
standard enabled,
is
automatically executed by the system. The system floppy disk controller will be
disabled
if
a floppy disk controller on an expansion card has been installed in the
Tulip
AT
compact
3.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 44
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 39
17.5 Enable/disable system
ports
The "Configuration" option allows to enable
or
disable the system ports
(serial
port
1 and 2, parallel port).
Diagnostics
V2.04
Wednesday
November
1,
1989
1:56
pm
Te
st
Transport
System_Info
Real Time
Clock
Disk
Drives
Memory
Cl
ock
frequencies
Configuration
Security
System
System
serial port 1:
System
serial port
2:
System
Parallel Port:
Parallel port address:
Port
'
Enable
guration
Disab
Enable
Enable
Enable
378h
........
<Enter>
Select,
<Fl>
Help,
<Esc>
Exit
FIGURE 17:
Port
enable I disable
A system
port
should
be
disabled in
the
following situations:
If
a
port
on
an
expansion card uses the same address.
If
an expansion card ( e.g. network card) uses the same address
or
interrupt.
The table below shows the correct address
and
interrupt settings for both serial ports
and the parallel port
of
the Tulip
AT
compact 3.
Port
Address
Interrupt
Serial port 1
3F8h
4
Serial port 2
2F8h
3
Parallel port
378h/278h
(1)
7/5
(1)
l)software selectable
FIGURE 18:
Port
interrupts
and
addresses
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 45
1
J
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 40
17
.6
Clock frequencies
The
"Clock frequencies" option allows to (permanently) set the processor sp
eed
(CPU
clock), bus sp
eed
and coprocessor speed.
The
following settings are possible:
CPU clock
Bus
clock
Coprocessor
clock
Slow
(7.15
MHz)
Slow**
Slow
(8
MHz)
Normal
(12
.5
MHz)*
Fast*/** Fast (12.5
MHz)*
FIGURE 19: Possibl e clock speeds
*)Default setting
**)Is only available
when
processor
speed
is
set
to
"Normal".
Diagnostics
V2.04
Wednesday
November
l,
1989
1:53
pm
Setup
T
est
Transport
System_Info
Real
Time
Clock
Clack
frequencies
11111111
111111
<Ctrl
PgUp>
Previous, <Ctrl
PgDn>
Next,
<Ente
r>
Select,
<Fl>
Help,
<Esc>
Exit
FIGURE 20: Setting clock speeds in the diagnostic
program
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 46
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3
41
17.7 Changing the processor speed by keyboard
Special software has been implemented in
the
Tulip
AT
compact 3 which allows you
to temporarily change the processor speed. Two possible options
can
be
chosen: 12.5
MHz
and 7.15 MHz. (When you power off
the
system, the setting
of
the
processor
speed
will
be
lost.)
The
processor speed can
be
selected by pressing the ctrl and alt keys
and
one
of
the number keys on the numeric keypad (
at
the right on your keyboard)
simultaneously.
Each
time the processor
speed
is changed, the system will generate
a beep.
If
you choose the processor speed which
is
currently set, the system will not
generate a beep.
The
following table lists the possible processor speed selections
and
the key
sequences to
be
pressed.
Processor
Key
sequence
speed
7.15
MHz
ctrl+alt+l
12.5
MHz
ctrl+alt+2
FIGURE 21: Speed switching with the keyboard
Note:
It
is
not possible to change the processor
speed
if
"CPU clock"
and
"Bus clock" in
Diagnostics are set
to
"Normal"
and
"Slow''
respectively.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 47
I
j
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 42
17.8 Memory configuration
Diagnostics
V2.04
Wedne
sday
November
1,
1989
12:26
pm
Setup
Test Transport
System_Info
Rea 1 Time
c 1
ock
Disk
Drives
.................................................................................................................
.
Memory
Memory
in
bank
0:
512
Kbit
DRAM
Memory
in
bank
1:
None
Mapping
of
384
Kb:
Not
used
Extended
memory
(Kb):
o
........
.
......
.
<Ctrl
PgUp>
Previous, <Ctrl
PgDn>
Next,
<Enter>
Select,
<Fl>
Help,
<Esc>
Exit
FIGURE
22:
Configuring the memory
If
the memory has to
be
configured the above screen
is
produced by the diagnostic
program. Refer to the chapter "memory'' for detailed information about the different
possibilities.
Remark:
512
Kbit DRAM in bank O means: there are
16
chips of 512K * 1 bit
installed, so total
= 1
Mb!
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 48
Tech
nical
Training Tul
ip
A T Compa
ct
3 43
18 ERROR MESSAGES
During power
on
procedure, a number of error messages might appear on your screen.
These messages are listed below with a short description
of
their (possible) causes and
of
the procedures used to correct them.
Configuration
not
set
(run
DIAGNOSTICS)
The
configuration indicated by you is not correct (memory size, display adapter,
diskette drives, etc.).
Run
Diagnostics again with the correct input.
Diskette drive
0/1
seek failure
Drive
is
not available
or
not correctly connected.
Run
Diagnostics and make sure that the settings of the floppy drive are correct.
If
the
same message appears again, check whether the cables have been correctly connected
to the floppy disk controller.
Diskette
read
failure. Hit any key to retry boot
The
diskette is either not formatted
or
defective.
Replace the diskette with a system diskette and retry boot.
If
the same message
appears again, check whether the disk drive has
been
correctly connected.
Display
adapter
failed; using alternate
The
color/monochrome switch on the
DGA
card is set wrong.
Change the switch to the correct setting.
The
primary video adapter failed.
Check the primary video adapter.
Hard
disk
controller disabled
Hard
disk controller
is
disabled by BIOS
Run
Diagnostics and make sure the "System
Hard
Disk Controller" item within the
"Configuration" option is disabled to avoid future conflicts.
Hard
disk
0/1
error
The
hard disk
is
not formatted.
Check
if
you have entered an incorrect type of the
hard
disk installed during the
Diagnostics program and
if
the batteries are empty.
If
none of these two situations
applies, you should contact your local dealer.
Hard
disk
0/1
failure
The
hard
disk is not connected correctly.
Make sure the cable of the
hard
disk is correctly connected.
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 49
Te
chn
ical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 44
Keyboard stuck key failure
A key is ( or more keys are) jammed or you have pressed a key during the starting
procedure.
Restart your system.
If
the same problem should occur again, check which key(s)
is
(are) jammed.
No
boot device available - hit any key to retry boot
Either diskette drive A, the hard d
is
k,
or the diskette itself
is
defective.
Retry boot.
If
that does not work, replace the floppy diskette and make sure that the
hard disk
is
formatted.
No
boot sector on
hard
disk - hit any key to retry boot
The
C:
drive is not formatted or
is
not bootable.
Make sure that the hard disk contains the MS-DOS system files.
Not a boot diskette - hit any
key
to retry boot
The diskette in drive A is not formatted as a system diskette.
Replace the diskette
by
a system diskette and retry boot.
Parallel ports conflict - Port 378h disabled.
Parallel port
is
disabled
by
BIOS
Run Diagnostics and make sure that the system parallel port
is
set to address 278h
(in case this address
is
not used) or
is
disabled.
Serial ports conflict - COM 1/COM 2 disabled
System Serial port
1/2
is
disabled by BIOS
Run
Diagnostics and make sure that system serial port 1/2
is
disabled to avoid future
conflicts.
Time-of-day
not
set (run DIAGNOSTICS)
The Real Time Clock
is
not running. Probably the batteries are empty.
Check the batteries. After replacing batteries you must run Diagnostics to set the new
date, time and configuration. You
will find more information on this topic in the
paragraph "How to run Diagnostics", earlier in this manual.
(c) Tulip Computers International· Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 50
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 45
19
CONNECTOR PINOUTS TULIP
AT
COMPACT 3
J27/J29
SERIAL PORTS
A+ B (9
PIN)
PIN
SIGNAL
1
CARRIER
DETECT
2
RECEIVE
DATA
3 T
RANSMTT
DATA
4
DATA
TERM
INAL
READY
5
GROUND
6
DATA
SET
READY
7
REQUEST
TO
SEND
8
CLEAR
TO
SEND
9
RING
INDICATOR
J30 PARALLEL PORT:
PIN
SIGNAL
PIN
SIGNAL
1
-STROBE
10
-ACK
2
DBO
11
BSY
3
DBl
12
PE
4
DB2
13
SLCT
5
DB3
6
DB4
14
-AUTO
FD
15
-ERROR
J
7
DB5
16
-INIT
8
DB6
17
-SLCT
IN
9
DB?
26
NOT
USED
Pins
18
to
25
grounded.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 51
..,
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 46
J17 KEYBOARD:
PIN
SIGNAL
1
CLOCK
2
DATA
3
NOT
CONNECTED
4
GROUND
5
+5V
J18 FLOPPY DISK INTERFACE:
Pin
Signal
Pin
Signal
2
-LOW
DENS
20
-STEP
4
NOT
CONNECTED
22
-WDATA
6
NOT
CONNECTED
24
-WGATE
8
-INDEX
26
-TRKO
10
-DRSELO
28
-WRPROT
12
-DRSELl
30
-RDDATA
14
NOT
CONNECTED
32
-SIDE
16
-MOTOR
ON
34
-DISK
CHANGE
18
-DIR
All odd pins grounded.
Tulip FDC can differ from IBM
with regard to motor on and drive select signals
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 52
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 47
MONITOR CONNECTOR {ON DGA BOARD):
PIN
SIGNAL
1
HORIZONTAL
SYNC.
2
VERTICAL
SYNC.
3
SIGNAL
GROUND
4
INTENSITY
5
VIDEO
6
GROUND
MONITOR:
PIN
SIGNAL
1
GROUND
2
GROUND
3
RED
4
GREEN
5
BLUE
6
INTENSITY
7
COMPOSITE/MONO
VIDEO
8
HORIZONTAL
SYNC.
9
VERTICAL
SYNC.
(c) Tulip Computers Intemational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 53
...,
1
1
-,
r
Tec
hnical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3
48
POWER CONNECTOR J31 + J32:
PIN
SIGNAL
J31/l
NOT
USED
2
+5V
3
+12V
4
-12V
5
GND
6
GND
J32/1
GND
2
GND
3
-5V
4
+5V
5
+5V
6
+5V
Remark:
The -5V
is
made
on
the
mainboard
itself
by a 7905
chip.
The
power
supply
does
not
need a -5
V terminal, unless the
7905
is
removed.
FRONT ASSY CONNECTOR J12:
PIN
SIGNAL
1
+BAT
2
HOLED
3
-KB
LOCK
4
GND
5
GND
6
GND
7
HSPEED
8
PWR
LED
9
-SPEAKER
10
+5V
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 54
20 SPECIFICATIONS
Microprocessor ( CPU) Intel 80286
12.5
MHz
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3
49
Processor speed 7.15 or 12.5 MHz
(keyboard
and
software
selectable)
Internal memory 1
Mb
Expandable to 3
Mb
on-board
1 Wait State
Keyboard connector
Clock/ calendar
Floppy disk controller
5-pin
DIN
connector
Battery run CMOS memory
For
5.25 inch and 3.5 inch floppy disk drives
Hard
disk controller Integrated
on
main
board
Parallel port 25-pin connector
( Centronics compatible)
Serial ports 9-pin connectors
(RS-232C compatible)
Expansion slots 5 slots
-one 8-bit slot
(XT-compatible)
-four 16-bit slots
(AT-compatible)
All slots accept cards of full length (and
with XT-height)
Keyboard 101/102 keys
(AT-compatible)
Tulip MS-OS/2 support
LIM
EMS 4.0 support
Shadow
RAM
function
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 55
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 50
21 OPTIONAL
Tulip Serial Mouse Microsoft compatible
Numeric coprocessor Intel 80c287A
12.5
MHz
VGA card and VGA monitor
TEVA
card and CGA/EGA monitor
Memory expansion 2 Mb
Hard
disk
Hard
disks of different
capacities
Tulip Tape Streamer*
60
Mb,
1.25
Mb/min.
DOS and Novell support
Tulip MS-OS/2
Isolan
AT
controller
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 56
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3
51
APPENDIX
A:
DISK SPECIFICATIONS:
EMBEDDED HARD DISK 40
Mb
General:
Product name
Type
Drive type
Actuator type
Number
of disks:
Data
surfaces
Read/write heads
Servo
Tracks
per
surface
Track density
Track
capacity
Bytes
per
block
Blocks
per
track
Blocks
per
drive
Performance:
Seek time
Average latency
Rotation
speed
Controller overhead
Data
transfer
rate
Data
transfer rate
Start time (typ)
Stop time
(max)
(typ)
Embedded
hard
disk Miniscribe 40
Mb
8051A
17
Rotary voice coil
2
4
4
embedded
768
1109 tpi
Formatted: 14.336 bytes
512
28
86016
Track to track 8 ms
Average
28
ms
Maximum
60
ms
8
.61
ms
3484 rpm
1 ms
1 Mbyte/secomd (to/from media)
4 Mbyte/secomd (to from buffer)
10
sec
20
sec
10
sec
(max) 20 sec
Interleave 1:1
Buffer size 8 Kb
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 57
Technical
Training
Tulip AT Compact 3
52
Physical dimensions:
1
Height
1.625"
(4.
13
cm)
Length
5.75"
(14.
61
cm)
Width
4.00
"
(10.16
cm)
Weight
1.43
lbs (0.65
kg)
Operating environment:
Ambient temperature
5
°C
to
50
°C
Relative humidity
8% to
80
%
Maximum wet bulb
26
°C
Power requirements:
DC
power
,......,
12V
DC(±
5%)
5V
DC(±
5%)
Dissipation
8 Watts
avg
Reliability:
MTBF
30.000 hours
MTTR
10
minutes typical
Component life
5 years
Data reliability
< 1 non recoverable error in
10
12
bits read
(c) Tulip Computers International - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 58
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 53
EMBEDDED HARD DISK
20
Mb
General:
Product name
Embedded hard disk Seagate
20
Mb
Type
ST 125A
Drive type
2
Actuator type
Rotary voice coil
Number of
disks:
2
Data surfaces
4
Read/write heads
4
Servo
embedded
Tracks per surface
615
Track per inch
824
Bytes per sector
512
sectors per track
17
Performance:
Seek time Track to track 8
ms
Average
28
ms
Maximum
70
ms
Average latency
8.33
ms
Rotation speed
3600
rpm
Data transfer rate
7.5
Mbits/second (to/from media)
Data transfer rate
4 Mbyte/second (to from buffer)
Interleave
1:1
Physical dimensions:
Height
1.625" ( 4.13
cm)
Length
5.77"
(14.66
cm)
Width
4.02"
(10.21 cm)
Weight
1.6
lbs (0.73
kg)
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 59
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 54
Operating environment:
Ambient temperature
10
°C
to
45
°C
Relative humidity
8% to
80
%
Maximum wet bulb
26
°C
Power requirements:
DC
power
+12V DC
(±
5%)
+SV
DC(±
5%)
Dissipation
9 Watts
avg
Reliability:
MTBF
50.000
hours
MTTR
30
minutes
typ
ical
Component life
5 years
Data reliability
< 1 non recoverable error in
10
12 bits read
(c) Tulip Computers Interoational - Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 60
FLOPPY DISK 3.5
11
General:
Type
Encoding method
Track density
Data
transfer rate
Media rotation speed
Latency time
Motor start time
Capacity:
Unformatted
Formatted
Number of tracks
Sectors per track
bytes
per
sector
Performance:
Track to track
Seek settling time
Average access time
Power requirements:
DC
power
Consumption
Operating environment:
Ambient temperature
Relative humidity
Wet bulb temperature
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 55
Cannon
MD
3611
MFM
135 tpi
500 I 250
Kbits I second
300 rpm
100
ms
500
ms
2Mb I Mb
per disk
12.5
Kb I
6.25
Kb
per
track
1474.6 Kb
I 737.3 Kb per disk
160
18
I 9
512
3
ms
15
ms
94
ms
5V
±5%
1.0
Watt ( operating)
.02 Watt (stand by)
5
°C
45
°C
20
80%
29
°C
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
J
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 61
Technical
Training
Tulip
AT
Compact 3 56
Dimensions:
Length
149.5
mm
Width
101.6
mm
Height
25.4
mm
Weight
.43 kg
Reliability:
MTBF
10.000
MTTR
30 minutes
(c) Tulip Computers International -
Tra
ining Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 62
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3
57
APPENDIX
B:
JUMPER
SETTINGS:
In this appendix al the jumper settings of the mainboard are summarized:
J20:
Embedded
hard disk
interface
definition:
factory
set,
do
not
change. Refer
to
page
29.
14
13
·-·
2
1
Jll:
BIOS
ROM
select.
Refer
to
page
12.
2x32
Kb
(27256)
1 2 3
. 2x16Kb (27128)
J3,4,5,6:
Memory
size
select.
Refer
to
page
20.
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6
J4
J3
J5
J6
Keyboard
dipswitches. Refer
also
to
page
25.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 63
r
n
Technical Training Tulip
AT
Compact 3 58
Fan
speed:
this
jumper
is
in the
power
supply. Refer
to page 31.
JB:
D·
·D
Low
speed.
High
speed.
out: 4
normal
(alkaline)
bateries.
in: 3
normal
bateries.
J15:
VIDEO.
See
also
page
30.
pin 1-2:
Monochrome
card
installed.
1 2 3
·D
pin 2-3:
CGA
or
TEVA-2
card
installed.
When a DGA
card
is
installed,
the
DGA
cable should
be
connected
to
pin 2-3: red
to
pin 3, black to pin 2.
When a VGA
card
has
been
installed,
the
jumper
setting
does
not
apply.
(c) Tulip Computers International Training Department
http://www.computer-museum.net
Page 64
J
http://www.computer-museum.net
Loading...